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السُّنَنِ وَالْآثَارِ لِلْبَيْهَقِيِّ\nبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ وَهُوَ حَسْبِي\nوَصَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ\nالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَصَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ\n١ - أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ هِبَةِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، بِقَرَاءَتِي عَلَيْهِ بِدِمِشْقَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا","vol":"1","page":97},{"text":"الشَّيْخُ الْفَقِيهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدُ عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ الْخَوَارِيُّ بِقَرَاءَتِي عَلَيْهِ بِنَيْسَابُورَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَخَمْسِينَ وَأَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، ﵀ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كُتُبِ الْإِمَامِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيِّ الْمُطَّلِبِيِّ ﵁","vol":"1","page":98},{"text":"فِي الْأُصُولِ أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ ﵀ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُرَادِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى جَمِيعِ نِعَمِهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ وَكَمَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ ⦗١٠٠⦘ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ،","vol":"1","page":99},{"text":"وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ بَعَثَهُ بِكِتَابٍ عَزِيزٍ لَا يَأْتِيهِ الْبَاطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلَا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ\n\n٢ - فَهَدَى بِكِتَابِهِ ثُمَّ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَقَامَ الْحُجَّةَ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الذِّكْرَ لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ مَا نُزِّلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ﴾ [سورة: النحل، آية رقم: ٤٤].\n\n٣ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً﴾ [سورة: النحل، آية رقم: ٨٩]\n\n٤ - وَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمُ اتِّبَاعَ مَا أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَسَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا مُبِينًا﴾ [سورة: الأحزاب، آية رقم: ٣٦].\n\n٥ - فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ مَعْصِيَتَهُ فِي تَرْكِ أَمْرِهِ وَأَمْرِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ إِلَّا اتِّبَاعَهُ،\n\n٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَقَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ ﴿اتَّبِعْ مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكِ﴾ [سورة: الأنعام، آية رقم: ١٠٦].\n\n٧ - وَقَالَ ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ﴾ [سورة: المائدة، آية رقم: ٤٩].\n\n٨ - وَقَالَ يَا دَاوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ.\n\n٩ - وَقَالَ: وَلَيْسَ يُؤْمَرُ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِحَقٍّ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أُعْلِمَ الْحَقَّ، وَلَا يَكُونُ الْحَقُّ مَعْلُومًا إِلَّا عَنِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ نَصًّا أَوْ دَلَالَةً","vol":"1","page":100},{"text":"١٠ - وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْحَقَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ ثُمَّ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، فَلَيْسَتْ تَنْزِلُ بِأَحَدٍ نَازِلَةٌ إِلَّا وَالْكِتَابُ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهَا نَصًّا أَوْ جُمْلَةً،\n\n١١ - فَالنَّصُّ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَأَحَلَّ نَصًّا، حَرَّمَ الْأُمَّهَاتِ وَالْبَنَاتِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ وَالْعَمَّاتِ وَالْخَالَاتِ، وَمَنْ ذَكَرَ مَعَهُنَّ فِي الْآيَةِ، وَأَبَاحَ مَنْ سِوَاهُنَّ،\n\n١٢ - وَحَرَّمَ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهْرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ،\n\n١٣ - وَأَمَرَ بِالْوُضُوءِ فَقَالَ ﴿إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ﴾ [سورة: المائدة، آية رقم: ٦].\n\n١٤ - فَكَانَ مُكْتَفِيًا بِالتَّنْزِيلِ فِي هَذَا عَنِ الِاسْتِدْلَالِ فِيمَا نَزَلَ فِيهِ مَعَ أَشْبَاهٍ لَهُ.\n\n١٥ - قَالَ: وَالْجُمَلُ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ مِنْ صَلَاةٍ وَزَكَاةٍ وَحَجٍّ فَدَلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَيْفَ الصَّلَاةُ، وَعَدَدُهَا، وَوَقْتُهَا، وَالْعَمَلُ فِيهَا، وَكَيْفَ الزَّكَاةُ وَفِي أَيِّ الْمَالِ هِيَ، وَفِي أَيِّ وَقْتٍ هِيَ، وَكَمْ قَدْرُهَا، وَبَيَّنَ كَيْفَ الْحَجُّ، وَالْعَمَلُ فِيهِ وَمَا يَدْخُلُ بِهِ فِيهِ وَمَا يَخْرُجُ بِهِ مِنْهُ،\n\n١٦ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَهَلْ يُقَالُ لِهَذَا كَمَا قِيلَ لِلْأَوَّلِ قُبِلَ عَنِ اللَّهِ ﵎؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، قُبِلَ عَنِ اللَّهِ ﷿ بِكَلَامِهِ جُمْلَةً، وَقُبِلَ تَفْسِيرُهُ عَنِ اللَّهِ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ طَاعَةَ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا﴾ [سورة: الحشر، آية رقم: ٧]، وَقَالَ: ﴿مَنْ يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ﴾ [سورة: النساء، آية رقم: ٨٠]. مَعَ مَا فَرَضَ مِنْ طَاعَةِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ.","vol":"1","page":101},{"text":"١٧ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَهَلْ سُنَّةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِوَحْيٍ؟ قِيلَ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":102},{"text":"١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعَيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، أَحْسَبُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عِنْدَهُ كِتَابًا مِنَ الْعُقُولِ نَزَلَ بِهِ الْوَحْيُ، وَمَا فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ وَعُقُولٍ فَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَ بِهِ الْوَحْيُ.\n\n١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقِيلَ: لَمْ يَسُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا قَطُّ إِلَّا بِوَحْيِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فَمِنَ الْوَحْيِ مَا يُتْلَى، وَمِنْهُ مَا يَكُونُ وَحْيًا إِلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ فَيَسْتَنُّ بِهِ","vol":"1","page":102},{"text":"٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَا تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِمَّا أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ، وَلَا شَيْئًا مِمَّا نَهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا وَقَدْ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ، وَإِنَّ الرُّوحَ الْأَمِينَ قَدْ أَلْقَى فِي رَوْعِي أَنَّهُ لَنْ تَمُوتَ نَفْسٌ حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفِيَ رِزْقَهَا، فَأَجْمِلُوا فِي الطَّلَبِ» ⦗١٠٣⦘\n\n٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَدْ قِيلَ مَا لَمْ يُتْلَ بِهِ قَرْآنًا فَإِنَّمَا أَلْقَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ فِي رَوْعِهِ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ ﷿، فَكَانَ وَحْيًا إِلَيْهِ،\n\n٢٢ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: جَعَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ لَمَّا شَهِدَ لَهُ بِهِ مِنْ أَنَّهُ يَهْدِي إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ أَنْ يَسُنَّ،\n\n٢٣ - وَأَيُّهُمَا كَانَ فَقَدْ أَلْزَمَهُ اللَّهُ خَلْقَهُ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ فِيمَا سَنَّ وَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمُ اتِّبَاعَ سُنَّتِهِ.\n\n٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمْدَوَيْهِ الْحَافِظُ ﵀ فِيمَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كُتُبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِي الْأُصُولِ أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ ⦗١٠٤⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: وَقَدْ وَضَعَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ مِنْ دِينِهِ وَفَرْضِهِ وَكِتَابِهِ الْمَوْضِعَ الَّذِي أَبَانَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَهُ عَلَمًا لِدِينِهِ بِمَا افْتَرَضَ مِنْ طَاعَتِهِ وَحَرَّمَ مِنْ مَعْصِيَتِهِ، وَأَبَانَ مِنْ فَضِيلَتِهِ بِمَا قَرَنَ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ بِرَسُولِهِ مَعَ الْإِيمَانِ بِهِ\n\n٢٥ - فَقَالَ ﵎: ﴿فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلَا تَقُولُوا ثَلَاثَةٌ انْتَهُوا خَيْرًا لَكُمْ إِنَّمَا اللَّهُ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ سُبْحَانَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ﴾ [النساء: ١٧١]،\n\n٢٦ - وَقَالَ ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ﴾ [النور: ٦٢]\n\n٢٧ - فَجَعَلَ كَمَالَ ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِيمَانِ الَّذِي مَا سِوَاهُ تَبَعٌ لَهُ الْإِيمَانَ بِاللَّهِ ثُمَّ بِرَسُولِهِ","vol":"1","page":102},{"text":"٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿ ﴿وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ﴾ [الشرح: ٤] قَالَ: لَا أُذْكَرُ إِلَّا ذُكِرْتَ مَعِي، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ\n\n٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ اتِّبَاعَ وَحْيِهِ وَسُنَنِ رَسُولِهِ فَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ: ﴿لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦٤] مَعَ آيٍ سِوَاهَا ذَكَرَ فِيهِنَّ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ\n\n٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الْكِتَابَ وَهُوَ الْقُرْآنُ وَذَكَرَ الْحِكْمَةَ ⦗١٠٥⦘ فَسَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ يَقُولُ: الْحِكْمَةُ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٣١ - وَقَالَ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩]\n\n٣٢ - فَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أُولُو الْأَمْرِ أُمَرَاءُ سَرَايَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ، وَهَكَذَا أُخْبِرْنَا\n\n٣٣ - وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ مَا قَالَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ؛ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ كَانَ حَوْلَ مَكَّةَ فِي الْعَرَبِ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْرِفُ إِمَارَةً، وَكَانَتْ تَأْنَفُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا طَاعَةَ الْإِمَارَةِ، فَلَمَّا دَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالطَّاعَةِ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَى ذَلِكَ يَصْلُحُ لِغَيْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يُطِيعُوا أُولِي الْأَمْرِ الَّذِينَ أَمَّرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا طَاعَةً مُطْلَقَةً، بَلْ طَاعَةً مُسْتَثْنَاةً فِيمَا لَهُمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ. فَقَالَ: ﴿فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩] يَعْنِي إِنِ اخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ، يَعْنِي - وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ - هُمْ وَأُمَرَاؤُهُمُ الَّذِينَ أُمِرُوا بِطَاعَتِهِمْ ﴿فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩] يَعْنِي - وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ - إِلَى مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ وَالرَّسُولُ،\n\n٣٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّ طَاعَةَ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ طَاعَتُهُ فَقَالَ: ﴿فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ٦٥]\n⦗١٠٦⦘.\n\n٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - فِي رَجُلٍ خَاصَمَ الزُّبَيْرَ فِي أَرْضٍ فَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِهَا لِلزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"1","page":104},{"text":"٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرِ بْنِ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا خَاصَمَ الزُّبَيْرَ فِي شِرَاجِ الْحَرَّةِ الَّتِي يَسْقُونَ بِهَا، فَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ: سَرِّحَ الْمَاءَ يَمُرُّ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ الزُّبَيْرُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلزُّبَيْرِ: «اسْقِ يَا زُبَيْرُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلْ إِلَى جَارِكَ»، قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ: أَنْ كَانَ ابْنَ عَمَّتِكَ، فَتَلَوَّنَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اسْقِ ثُمَّ احْبِسْ الْمَاءَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْجَدْرِ»، فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: فَوَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ: ﴿فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٦٥]⦗١٠٧⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَأَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ،\n\n٣٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَعْمَرٍ وَشُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَاسْتَوْعَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلزُّبَيْرِ حَقَّهُ فِي صَرِيحِ الْحُكْمِ حِينَ أَحْفَظَهُ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَكَانَ أَشَارَ عَلَيْهِمَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِأَمْرٍ كَانَ لَهُ فِيهِ سَعَةٌ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.\n\n٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا الْقَضَاءُ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا حُكْمٌ مَنْصُوصٌ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ⦗١٠٨⦘،\n\n٣٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَيْضًا فِي فَرْضِ اتِّبَاعِ أَمْرِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ [النور: ٦٣]\n\n٤٠ - وَذَكَرَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي دَلَّتْ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَاتُ\n\n٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: وَكَانَ فَرْضُهُ عَلَى مَنْ عَايَنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَاحِدًا فِي أَنَّ عَلَى كُلٍّ طَاعَتَهُ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ غَابَ عَنْ رُؤْيَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعْلَمُ أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا بِالْخَبَرِ عَنْهُ،\n\n٤٢ - قَالَ: وَالْخَبَرُ عَنْهُ خَبَرَانِ: خَبَرُ عَامَّةٍ عَنْ عَامَّةٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِجُمَلِ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِهِ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ وَأَفْعَالِهِمْ وَيُؤْتُوهُ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَهَذَا مَا لَا يُسَعُ جَهْلُهُ. وَخَبَرُ خَاصَّةٍ فِي خَاصِّ الْأَحْكَامِ لَمْ تُكَلَّفْهُ الْعَامَّةُ، وَلَمْ يَأْتِ أَكْثَرُهُ كَمَا جَاءَ الْأَوَّلُ، وَكُلِّفَ عِلْمَ ذَلِكَ مَنْ فِيهِ الْكِفَايَةُ لِلْقِيَامِ بِهِ دُونَ الْعَامَّةِ، وَسَاقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا","vol":"1","page":106},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2>الْحُجَّةُ فِي تَثْبِيتِ خَبَرِ الْوَاحِدِ</span>","vol":"1","page":109},{"text":"٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ لِي قَائِلٌ: اذْكُرِ الْحُجَّةَ فِي تَثْبِيتِ خَبَرِ الْوَاحِدِ بِنَصِّ خَبَرٍ أَوْ دِلَالَةٍ فِيهِ أَوْ إِجْمَاعٍ\n\n٤٤ - قُلْتُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" نَضَّرَ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا سَمِعَ مَقَالَتِي فَحَفِظَهَا وَوَعَاهَا وَأَدَّاهَا فَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ غَيْرِ فَقِيهٍ، وَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ، ثَلَاثٌ لَا يُغِلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَلْبُ مُسْلِمٍ: إِخْلَاصُ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ، وَالنَّصِيحَةُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلُزُومُ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ فَإِنَّ دَعْوَتَهُمْ تُحِيطُ مَنْ وَرَائِهِمْ \" ⦗١١٠⦘\n\n٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَلَمَّا نَدَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى اسْتِمَاعِ مَقَالَتِهِ وَحِفْظِهَا وَأَدَائِهَا امْرَأً يُؤَدِّيهَا، وَالِامْرُؤُ وَاحِدٌ، دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْمُرُ أَنْ يُؤَدَّى عَنْهُ إِلَّا مَا تَقُومُ الْحُجَّةُ بِهِ عَلَى مَنْ أُدِّيَ إِلَيْهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ،\n\n٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ هُرَيْمُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «نَضَّرَ اللَّهُ امْرَأً سَمِعَ مِنَّا حَدِيثًا فَأَدَّاهُ كَمَا سَمِعَ».\n\n٤٧ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَالنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗١١١⦘،\n\n٤٨ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ بِمِنًى يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ: «أَلَا لِيُبْلِغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ يُبَلَّغَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَوْعَى لَهُ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ»،\n\n٤٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «تَسْمَعُونَ وَيُسْمَعُ مِنْكُمْ، وَيُسْمَعُ مِمَّنْ يَسْمَعُ مِنْكُمْ»","vol":"1","page":109},{"text":"٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَاكِمُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمٌ أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي رَافِعٍ يُخْبِرُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" لَا أَلْفِيَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يَأْتِيهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ ⦗١١٢⦘ أَمْرِي مِمَّا أَمَرْتُ بِهِ أَوْ نَهَيْتُ عَنْهُ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي، مَا وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ \"\n\n٥١ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ مُرْسَلًا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِهِ\n\n٥٢ - قالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذَا تَثْبِيتُ الْخَبَرِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَإِعْلَامِهِمْ أَنَّهُ لَازِمٌ لَهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُ نَصَّ حُكْمٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿.\n\n٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ ﵀: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ، أَلَا يُوشِكُ رَجُلٌ يَسْتَلْقِي عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يَقُولُ: عَلَيْكُمْ بِهَذَا الْقُرْآنِ فَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ حَلَالًا فَأَحِلُّوهُ، وَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ حَرَامًا فَحَرِّمُوهُ، أَلَا لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُ حِمَارٍ أَهْلِيٍّ، وَلَا ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ \". وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ⦗١١٣⦘\n\n٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَانَ النَّاسُ مُسْتَقْبِلِي بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ ثُمَّ حَوَّلَهُمُ اللَّهُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ، فَأَتَى أَهْلَ قُبَاءٍ آتٍ وَهُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ أَنْزَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ كِتَابًا، وَأَنَّ الْقِبْلَةَ حُوِّلَتْ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ، فَاسْتَدَارُوا إِلَى الْكَعْبَةَ وَهُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَأَنَّ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ وَجَمَاعَةً كَانُوا يَشْرَبُونَ شَرَابَ فَضِيخٍ وَبُسْرٍ وَلَمْ يُحَرَّمْ ⦗١١٤⦘ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ شَيْءٌ، فَأَتَاهُمْ آتٍ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ الْخَمْرَ قَدْ حُرِّمَتْ، فَأَمَرُوا أَنَسًا بِكَسْرِ جِرَارِ شَرَابِهِمْ،\n\n٥٥ - وَذَلِكَ لَا أَشُكُّ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُحْدِثُونَ مِثْلَ هَذَا إِلَّا ذَكَرُوهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ،\n\n٥٦ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ لَوْ كَانَ قَبُولُ خَبَرِ مَنْ أَخْبَرَهُمْ وَهُوَ صَادِقٌ عِنْدَهُمْ مِمَّا لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُمْ قَبُولُهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٥٧ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي وَجْهِ الدَّلِيلِ مِنْهُ، قَالَ: وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ أَنْ تُعْلِمَ امْرَأَةً أَنْ تُعْلِمَ زَوْجَهَا أَنَّ قُبْلَتَهَا وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ لَا تُحَرَّمُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗١١٥⦘.\n\n٥٨ - وَلَوْ لَمْ يَرَ الْحُجَّةَ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ بِخَبَرِهَا إِذَا صَدَّقَهَا لَمْ يَأْمُرْهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِهِ،\n\n٥٩ - وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُنَيْسًا الْأَسْلَمِيَّ أَنْ يَغْدُوَ عَلَى امْرَأَةِ رَجُلٍ فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا، فَاعْتَرَفَتْ، فَرَجَمَهَا،\n\n٦٠ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ إِفَاتَةُ نَفْسِهَا بِاعْتِرَافِهَا عِنْدَ أُنَيْسٍ، وَهُوَ وَاحِدٌ،\n\n٦١ - وَأَمَرَ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ، وَقَدْ سَنَّ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ عَلِمَهُ أَسْلَمَ لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ قَتْلُهُ، وَقَدْ يُحْدِثُ الْإِسْلَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ،\n\n٦٢ - وَأَمَرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُنَيْسٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ خَالِدَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ الْهُذَلِيَّ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَمِنْ سُنَّتِهِ لَوْ أَسْلَمَ أَنْ لَا يَقْتُلَهُ،\n\n٦٣ - فَكُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي مَعَانِي وُلَاتِهِ وَهُمْ وَاحِدٌ وَاحِدٌ يَمْضُونَ الْحُكْمَ بِأَخْبَارِهِمْ،\n\n٦٤ - وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمَّالَهُ وَاحِدًا وَاحِدًا، وَرُسُلَهُ وَاحِدًا وَاحِدًا، وَإِنَّمَا بَعَثَ عُمَّالَهُ لِيُخْبِرُوا النَّاسَ بِمَا أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ شَرَائِعِ دِينِهِمْ وَيَأْخُذُوا مِنْهُمْ مَا أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيُعْطُوهُمْ مَا لَهُمْ، وَيُقِيمُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُدُودَ ⦗١١٦⦘، وَيُنَفِّذُوا فِيهِمُ الْأَحْكَامَ، وَلَوْ لَمْ تَقُمِ الْحُجَّةُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِهِمْ إِذْ كَانُوا فِي كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ وَجَّهَهُمْ إِلَيْهَا أَهْلَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَهُمْ لَمَا بَعَثَهُمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى\n\n٦٥ - وَسَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَعْثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَالِيًا عَلَى الْحَجِّ، وَبَعَثَ عَلِيًّا بِأَوَّلِ سُورَةِ بَرَاءَةَ، وَبَعَثَ مُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ:\n\n٦٦ - فَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ مَنْ جَاءَهُ مُعَاذٌ وَأُمَرَاءُ سَرَايَاهُ مَحْجُوجٌ بِخَبَرِهِمْ فَقَدْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْحُجَّةَ تَقُومُ بِخَبَرِ الْوَاحِدِ،\n\n٦٧ - وَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَنْ لَمْ تَقُمْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُجَّةُ فَقَدْ أَعْظَمَ الْقَوْلَ، وَإِنْ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا أَنْكَرَ خَبَرِ الْعَامَّةِ عَمَّنْ وَصَفْتَ، وَصَارَ إِلَى طَرْحِ خَبَرِ الْخَاصَّةِ وَالْعَامَّةِ،\n\n٦٨ - وَبَسَطَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا\n\n٦٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَقَالَ: هَذَا عِنْدِي كَمَا وَصَفْتَ فَتَجِدُ حُجَّةً عَلَى مَنْ رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا جَاءَكُمْ عَنِّي فَاعْرِضُوهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَمَا وَافَقَهُ فَأَنَا قُلْتُهُ، وَمَا خَالَفَهُ فَلَمْ أَقُلْهُ» ⦗١١٧⦘\n\n٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا رَوَى هَذَا أَحَدٌ يُثْبَتُ حَدِيثُهُ فِي شَيْءٍ صَغِيرٍ وَلَا كَبِيرٍ، فَيُقَالُ لَنَا: قَدْ ثَبَتُّمْ حَدِيثَ مَنْ رَوَى هَذَا فِي شَيْءٍ،\n\n٧١ - قَالَ: وَهَذِهِ أَيْضًا رِوَايَةٌ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ، وَنَحْنُ لَا نَقْبَلُ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ فِي شَيْءٍ\n\n٧٢ - وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ","vol":"1","page":111},{"text":"مَا أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ ⦗١١٨⦘ أَبِي عَمْرٍو فِي كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ دَعَا الْيَهُودَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَحَدَّثُوهُ حَتَّى كَذَبُوا عَلَى عِيسَى ﵇، فَصَعِدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمِنْبَرَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ:  «إِنَّ الْحَدِيثَ سَيَفْشُو عَنِّي فَمَا أَتَاكُمْ عَنِّي يُوَافِقُ الْقُرْآنَ فَهُوَ عَنِّي وَمَا أَتَاكُمْ عَنِّي يُخَالِفُ الْقُرْآنَ فَلَيْسَ عَنِّي»\n\n٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَيْسَ يُخَالِفُ الْحَدِيثُ الْقُرْآنَ وَلَكِنَّ حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُبَيِّنُ مَعْنَى مَا أَرَادَ خَاصًّا وَعَامًّا وَنَاسِخًا وَمَنْسُوخًا، ثُمَّ يُلْزِمُ النَّاسَ مَا سَنَّ بِفَرْضِ اللَّهِ، فَمَنْ قَبِلَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَنِ اللَّهِ قَبِلَ.\n\n٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الرِّسَالَةِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِالْمَجْهُولِ حَدِيثَ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ، وَلَمْ يُعْرَفْ مِنْ حَالِهِ مَا يَثْبُتُ بِهِ خَبَرُهُ ⦗١١٩⦘،\n\n٧٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلِّهَا ضَعِيفٌ، قَدْ بَيَّنْتُ ضَعْفَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا فِي كِتَابِ الْمَدْخَلِ","vol":"1","page":117},{"text":"٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ بِإِسْنَادٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ؛ فَإِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ لَهُمْ إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ، وَلَا أُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ»\n\n٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِاتِّبَاعِ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ وَاجْتِنَابِ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ، وَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ، وَمَا فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ مِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا مَا تَمَسَّكُوا بِهِ عَنِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ عَنْ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ عَنْ دَلَالَتِهِ، وَلَكِنَّ قَوْلَهُ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ: «لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ» يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ كَانَ بِمَوْضِعِ الْقُدْوَةِ فَقَدْ كَانَتْ لَهُ خَوَاصٌّ أُبِيحَ لَهُ فِيهَا مَا لَمْ يُبَحْ لِلنَّاسِ، وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا مَا لَمْ يُحَرِّمْ عَلَى النَّاسِ. فَقَالَ: «لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الَّذِي لِي أَوْ عَلَيَّ دُونَهُمْ» ⦗١٢٠⦘\n\n٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: «فَإِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ لَهُمْ إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ وَلَا أُحَرِّمُ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ»، فَكَذَلِكَ صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبِذَلِكَ أَمَرَ وَافْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَّبِعَ مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ، وَنَشْهَدُ أَنْ قَدِ اتَّبَعَهُ، فَمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ وَحْيٌ فَقَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ فِي الْوَحْيِ اتِّبَاعَ سُنَّتِهِ فِيهِ، فَمَنْ قَبِلَ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّمَا قَبِلَ بِفَرْضِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ\n\n٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ بِرِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فِي مِيرَاثِ الْجَدَّةِ.\n\n٨١ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي حُكْمِهِ بِدِيَةِ الْأَصَابِعِ مُخْتَلِفَةً؛ لِاخْتِلَافِهَا فِي الْمَنَافِعِ وَالْجَمَالِ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ تُرِكَ حِينَ وُجِدَ فِي كِتَابِ ⦗١٢١⦘ آلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَفِي كُلِّ إِصْبَعٍ مِمَّا هُنَالِكَ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»\n\n٨٢ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: الدِّيَةُ لِلْعَاقِلَةِ، وَلَا تَرِثُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا شَيْئًا، حَتَّى أَخْبَرَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُوَرِّثَ امْرَأَةَ أَشْيَمَ الضِّبَابِيِّ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ.\n\n٨٣ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ فِي الْجَنِينِ، وَقَبُولَهُ خَبَرَ حَمَلِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّابِغَةِ، وَقَوْلَهُ: لَوْ لَمْ نَسْمَعْ هَذَا لَقَضَيْنَا فِيهِ بِغَيْرِ هَذَا ⦗١٢٢⦘\n\n٨٤ - وَرَوَى أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ فِي جِزْيَةِ الْمَجُوسِ وَقَبُولَهُ خَبَرَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فِي ذَلِكَ.\n\n٨٥ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ فِي مَوْضِعِهَا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ","vol":"1","page":119},{"text":"٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ إِنَّمَا رَجَعَ بِالنَّاسِ عَنْ خَبَرِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ\n\n٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَعْنِي حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَبَلَغَهُ وُقُوعُ الطَّاعُونِ بِهَا","vol":"1","page":122},{"text":"٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْخَبَرُ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ سَرْغَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ الْوَبَاءَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بِالشَّامِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗١٢٣⦘: «إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا تَقْدَمُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ» فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ مِنْ سَرْغَ،\n\n٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيَّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٩٠ - ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَاهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَأَرْدَفَاهُ بِحَدِيثِ سَالِمٍ،\n\n٩١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ سَالِمٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَا: إِنَّ عُمَرَ إِنَّمَا رَجَعَ بِالنَّاسِ مِنْ سَرْغَ عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ⦗١٢٥⦘\n\n٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ فَقَدْ طَلَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مَعَ مُخْبِرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُخْبِرًا آخَرَ غَيْرَهُ،\n\n٩٣ - قِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ قَبُولَ عُمَرَ خَبَرَ وَاحِدٍ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطْلُبَ مَعَ مُخْبِرٍ مُخْبِرًا غَيْرَهُ إِلَّا اسْتِظْهَارًا، لَا أَنَّ الْحُجَّةَ تَقُومُ عِنْدَهُ بِوَاحِدٍ مَرَّةً وَلَا تَقُومُ أُخْرَى، وَقَدْ يَسْتَظْهِرُ الْحَاكِمُ فَيَسْأَلُ الرَّجُلَ قَدْ شَهِدَ لَهُ عِنْدَهُ الشَّاهِدَانِ الْعَدْلَانِ زِيَادَةَ شُهُودٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ قَبِلَ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ، وَإِنْ فَعَلَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ،\n\n٩٤ - أَوْ أَنْ يَكُونَ عُمَرُ جَهِلَ الْمُخْبِرَ، وَهُوَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا يَقْبَلُ خَبَرَ مَنْ جَهِلَهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَا نَقْبَلُ خَبَرَ مِنْ جَهِلْنَاهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ نَعْرِفْهُ بِالصِّدْقِ وَعَمَلِ الْخَيْرِ.\n\n٩٥ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَإِلَى أَيِّ الْمَعَانِي ذَهَبَ عُمَرُ عِنْدَكُمْ؟\n\n٩٦ - قُلْنَا: أَمَّا فِي خَبَرِ أَبِي مُوسَى فَإِلَى الِاحْتِيَاطِ؛ لِأَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى ثِقَةٌ أَمِينٌ عِنْدَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى،\n\n٩٧ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟\n\n٩٨ - قُلْنَا: قَدْ رَوَى مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ عُلَمَائِهِمْ حَدِيثَ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ لِأَبِي مُوسَى: أَمَا إِنِّي لَمْ أَتَّهِمْكَ، وَلَكِنِّي خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَتَقَوَّلَ النَّاسُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٢٦⦘،\n\n٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي الِاسْتِئْذَانِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ جَاءَ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى عُمَرَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فَأَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ فِي أَثَرِهِ فَقَالَ: مَا لَكَ لَمْ تَدْخُلْ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «الِاسْتِئْذَانُ ثَلَاثٌ، فَإِنْ أُذِنَ لَكَ فَادْخُلْ وَإِلَّا فَارْجِعْ» فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مَنْ يَعْلَمُ هَذَا؟ فَشَهِدَ لَهُ بِهِ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ - وَقِيلَ: أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ - فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي مُوسَى مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٠٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مَوْصُولًا فِي حَدِيثِ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي مُوسَى إِنِّي لَمْ أَتَّهِمْكَ، وَلَكِنَّ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَدِيدٌ\n\n١٠١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَبِي مُوسَى، أَنَّ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ: يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ عَذَابًا عَلَى أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعْتُ شَيْئًا فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أَتَثَبَّتَ ⦗١٢٧⦘.\n\n١٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَتِ الْفُرَيْعَةُ بِنْتُ مَالِكٍ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَمْكُثَ فِي بَيْتِهَا وَهِيَ مُتَوَفًّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ، فَاتَّبَعَهُ وَقَضَى بِهِ،\n\n١٠٣ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُخَابِرُ الْأَرْضَ بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَمَا يَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا، فَأَخْبَرَهُ رَافِعٌ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْهَا، فَتَرَكَ ذَلِكَ لِخَبَرِ رَافِعٍ،\n\n١٠٤ - وَكَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا يَصْدُرَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ» يَعْنِي طَوَافَ الْوَدَاعِ بَعْدَ طَوَافِ الزِّيَارَةِ، فَخَالَفَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ: تَصْدُرُ الْحَائِضُ دُونَ غَيْرِهَا، فَأَنْكَرَ زَيْدٌ ذَلِكَ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: سَلْ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ، فَسَأَلَهَا فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَرْخَصَ لِلْحَائِضِ فِي أَنْ تَصْدُرَ وَلَا تَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَالَ: وَجَدْتُ الْأَمْرَ كَمَا قُلْتَ ⦗١٢٨⦘.\n\n١٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعٍ بَاعَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: مَا أَرَى بِهَذَا بَأْسًا. فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ: مَنْ يَعْذِرُنِي مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، أُخْبِرُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيُخْبِرُنِي عَنْ رَأْيِهِ لَا أُسَاكِنُكَ بِأَرْضٍ،\n\n١٠٦ - وَجَرَى فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ مَا فِي هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعْزُبُ عَنِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ الصُّحْبَةِ، الْوَاسِعِ الْعِلْمِ، الشَّيْءُ يَعْلَمُهُ غَيْرُهُ.\n\n١٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ أَحَدًا أَخْبَرَ عَنْهُ إِلَّا قَبِلَ خَبَرَ الْوَاحِدِ، وَأَفْتَى بِهِ وَانْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ،\n\n١٠٨ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ، وَفِي ذِكْرِ أَسَامِيهِمْ\n\n١٠٩ - قَالَ: وَصَنَعَ ذَلِكَ الَّذِينَ بَعْدَ التَّابِعِينَ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ، وَالَّذِينَ لَقِينَاهُمْ كُلُّهُمْ يُثْبِتُ خَبَرَ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ وَاحِدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَجَعَلَهُ سُنَّةً حَمِدَ مَنْ تَبِعَهَا، وَعَابَ مَنْ خَالَفَهَا\n\n١١٠ - . وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ فِي كِتَابِ الرِّسَالَةِ، وَذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي مَوَاضِعِهَا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ،\n\n١١١ - وَمِمَّا لَمْ نَذْكُرْهُ فِي الْكِتَابِ","vol":"1","page":122},{"text":"مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ: إِنَّ نَوْفًا الْبِكَالِيَّ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ مُوسَى صَاحِبَ الْخَضِرِ لَيْسَ بِمُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَذَبَ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنِي أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ مُوسَى وَالْخَضِرِ بِشَيْءٍ يَدُلُّ أَنَّ مُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ صَاحِبُ الْخَضِرِ\n\n١١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مَعَ فِقْهِهِ وَوَرَعِهِ يُثْبِتُ خَبَرَ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَحْدَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى يُكَذِّبَ امْرَأً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِذْ حَدَّثَهُ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ مُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ صَاحِبُ الْخَضِرِ","vol":"1","page":129},{"text":"١١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ أَنَّ طَاوُسًا أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، فَنَهَاهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ طَاوُسٌ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا أَدَعُهُمَا، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٦]\n\n⦗١٣٠⦘\n١١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَرَأَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ الْحُجَّةَ قَائِمَةً عَلَى طَاوُسٍ بِخَبَرِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَدَلَّهُ بِتِلَاوَةِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَلَى أَنَّ فَرْضًا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا تَكُونَ لَهُ الْخِيَرَةُ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا،\n\n١١٥ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ خُفَافٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى أَنَّ الْخَرَاجَ بِالضَّمَانِ، وَأَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ قَضَى بِرَدِّ الْغَلَّةِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: فَمَا أَيْسَرَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ قَضَاءٍ قَضَيْتُهُ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي لَمْ أَرِدْ فِيهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ، فَبَلَغَنِي فِيهِ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرُدُّ قَضَاءَ عُمَرَ وَأُنْفِذُ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي، مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ خُفَافٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١١٧ - قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ قَالَ: قَضَى سَعْدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِقَضِيَّةٍ بِرَأْيِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخِلَافِ مَا قَضَى بِهِ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ لِرَبِيعَةَ: هَذَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَهُوَ عِنْدِي ثِقَةٌ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِخِلَافِ مَا قَضَيْتَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبِيعَةُ: قَدِ اجْتَهَدْتَ، وَمَضَى حُكْمُكَ. فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: وَاعَجَبًا، أُنْفِذُ قَضَاءَ سَعْدِ ابْنِ أُمِّ سَعْدٍ وَأَرُدُّ قَضَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٣١⦘ بَلْ أَرُدُّ قَضَاءَ سَعْدِ ابْنِ أُمِّ سَعْدٍ وَأُنْفِذُ قَضَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَدَعَا سَعْدٌ بِكِتَابِ الْقَضِيَّةِ فَشَقَّهُ وَقَضَى لِلْمَقْضِيِّ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"1","page":129},{"text":"١١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ بْنُ سِمَاكِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الشِّهَابِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي، ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ:  «مَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ، إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَخَذَ الْعَقْلَ، وَإِنْ أَحَبَّ فَلَهُ الْقَوَدُ»\n\n١١٩ - قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ بْنُ سِمَاكٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ: أَتَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا يَا أَبَا الْحَارِثِ؟ فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي وَصَاحَ عَلَيَّ صِيَاحًا كَثِيرًا وَنَالَ مِنِّي، وَقَالَ: أُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَقُولُ: أَتَأْخُذُ بِهِ؟ نَعَمْ آخُذُ بِهِ، وَذَلِكَ الْفَرْضُ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَى مَنْ سَمِعَهُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ اخْتَارَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَهَدَاهُمْ بِهِ وَعَلَى يَدَيْهِ، وَاخْتَارَ لَهُمْ مَا اخْتَارَ لَهُ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ، فَعَلَى الْخَلْقِ أَنْ يَتَّبِعُوهُ طَائِعِينَ أَوْ دَاخِرِينَ، لَا مَخْرَجَ لِمُسْلِمٍ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: وَمَا سَكَتَ حَتَّى تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنْ يَسْكُتَ","vol":"1","page":131},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3>مَنْ يُقْبَلُ خَبَرُهُ</span>","vol":"1","page":132},{"text":"١٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَلَا تَقُومُ الْحُجَّةُ بِخَبَرِ الْخَاصَّةِ حَتَّى يَجْمَعَ أُمُورًا\n\n١٢١ - مِنْهَا: أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْ حَدَّثَ بِهِ ثِقَةً فِي دِينِهِ، مَعْرُوفًا بِالصِّدْقِ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، عَاقِلًا لِمَا يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ، عَالِمًا بِمَا يُحِيلُ مَعَانِي الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ اللَّفْظِ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ مِمَّنْ يُؤَدِّي الْحَدِيثَ بِحُرُوفِهِ كَمَا سَمِعَهُ، وَلَا يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا حَدَّثَ بِهِ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى وَهُوَ غَيْرُ عَالِمٍ بِمَا يُحِيلُ مَعْنَاهُ لَمْ يَدْرِ، لَعَلَّهُ يُحِيلُ الْحَلَالَ إِلَى الْحَرَامِ وَالْحَرَامَ إِلَى الْحَلَالِ، وَإِذَا أَدَّى بِحُرُوفِهِ لَمْ يَبْقَ وَجْهٌ يُخَافُ فِيهِ إِحَالَةُ الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n١٢٢ - حَافِظًا إِنْ حَدَّثَ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ، حَافِظًا لِكِتَابِهِ إِنْ حَدَّثَ بِهِ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، إِذَا شَرَكَ أَهْلَ الْحِفْظِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَافَقَ حَدِيثَهُمْ،\n\n١٢٣ - بَرِيئًا مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُدَلِّسًا، يُحَدِّثُ عَمَّنْ لَقِيَ مَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ، أَوْ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَا لَمْ يُحَدِّثُ الثِّقَاتُ خِلَافَهُ،\n\n١٢٤ - وَيَكُونُ هَكَذَا مَنْ فَوْقَهُ مِمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ حَتَّى يَنْتَهِيَ بِالْحَدِيثِ مَوْصُولًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَوْ إِلَى مَنْ يَنْتَهِي بِهِ إِلَيْهِ دُونَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مُثْبِتٌ لِمَنْ حَدَّثَهُ، وَمُثْبِتٌ عَلَى مَنْ حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ. قَالَ:\n\n١٢٥ - وَمَنْ كَثُرَ غَلَطُهُ مِنَ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَصْلُ كِتَابٍ ⦗١٣٣⦘ صَحِيحٍ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ حَدِيثُهُ، كَمَا يَكُونُ مِنْ أَكْثَرِ الْغَلَطِ فِي الشَّهَادَاتِ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُهُ.\n\n١٢٦ - قَالَ: وَأَقْبَلُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: حَدَّثَنِي فُلَانٌ عَنْ فُلَانٍ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُدَلِّسًا، وَمَنْ عَرَفْنَاهُ دَلَّسَ مَرَّةً فَقَدْ أَبَانَ لَنَا عَوْرَتَهُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، وَلَيْسَتْ تِلْكَ الْعَوْرَةُ بِكَذِبٍ فَيُرَدُّ بِهَا حَدِيثُهُ، وَلَا عَلَى النَّصِيحَةِ فِي الصِّدْقِ فَنَقْبَلُ مِنْهُ مَا قَبِلْنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّصِيحَةِ فِي الصِّدْقِ، فَقُلْنَا: لَا نَقْبَلُ مِنْ مُدَلِّسٍ حَدِيثًا حَتَّى يَقُولَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَوْ سَمِعْتُ.\n\n١٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: الْأَمْرُ فِي شَرْطِ مَنْ يُقْبَلُ خَبَرُهُ عِنْدَ كَافَّةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى مَعْنَى مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀،\n\n١٢٨ - وَمَنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ عَالِمٍ بِمَا يُحِيلُ مَعَانِي الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الْأَلْفَاظِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَدَاءُ الْحَدِيثِ إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الَّذِي سَمِعَهُ،\n\n١٢٩ - وَفِي مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ وَرَدَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَدِيثُ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «نَضَّرَ اللَّهُ رَجُلًا سَمِعَ مِنَّا كَلِمَةً فَبَلَّغَهَا كَمَا سَمِعَ، فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّ مُبَلَّغٍ أَوْعَى مِنْ سَامِعٍ» ⦗١٣٤⦘\n\n١٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ، أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُنَادِي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٣١ - فَأَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ عَالِمًا بِمَا يُحِيلُ مَعْنَاهُ فَقَدْ","vol":"1","page":132},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُ التَّابِعِينَ: لَقِيتُ أُنَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْمَعْنَى وَاخْتَلَفُوا عَلَيَّ فِي اللَّفْظِ. فَقُلْتُ لِبَعْضِهِمْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ مَا لَمْ يَحِلْ مَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ وَاثِلَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْقَعِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَسْبُكُمْ إِذَا حَدَّثْنَاكُمْ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى،\n\n١٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ الْحَدِيثَ مِنَ عَشَرَةٍ، الْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ وَاللَّفْظُ مُخْتَلِفٌ\n\n١٣٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ الْحَسَنُ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ يَأْتُونَ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى الْمَعَانِي، وَكَانَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَرَجَاءُ بْنُ حَيْوَةَ يُقَيِّدُونَ الْحَدِيثَ بِحُرُوفِهِ.\n⦗١٣٥⦘\n١٣٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ يُحَدِّثُ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى،\n\n١٣٦ - وَكَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ لَا يُحَدِّثُ إِلَّا عَلَى مَا سَمِعَ.\n\n١٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَذَهَبَ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ السَّلَفِ إِلَى أَدَاءِ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الْمَسْمُوعِ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَالِمًا بِمَا يُحِيلُ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٣٨ - وَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا لِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ: «وَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ»","vol":"1","page":134},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4>إِثْمُ مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ</span>","vol":"1","page":136},{"text":"١٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قَالَ عَلَيَّ مَا لَمْ أَقُلْ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ»","vol":"1","page":136},{"text":"١٤٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِنَّ الَّذِي يَكْذِبُ عَلَيَّ يُبْنَى لَهُ بَيْتٌ فِي النَّارِ»","vol":"1","page":136},{"text":"١٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗١٣٧⦘ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ بُخْتٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ النَّصْرِيِّ، عَنْ وَاثِلَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْقَعِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ أَفْرَى الْفِرَى مَنْ قَوَّلَنِي مَا لَمْ أَقُلْ، وَمَنْ أَرَى عَيْنَيْهِ فِي الْمَنَامِ مَا لَمْ تَرَيَا، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ»","vol":"1","page":136},{"text":"١٤٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ التِّنِّيسِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ، عَنْ أُسَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي قَتَادَةَ: مَا لَكَ لَا تُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَمَا يُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُ النَّاسُ؟ قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ فَلْيَلْتَمِسْ لِجَنْبِهِ مَضْجَعًا مِنَ النَّارِ» فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ وَيَمْسَحُ الْأَرْضَ بِيَدِهِ \"","vol":"1","page":137},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-5>انْتِقَادُ الرِّوَايَةِ وَمَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى خَطَأِ الْحَدِيثِ</span>","vol":"1","page":138},{"text":"١٤٣ - رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «بَلِّغُوا عَنِّي وَلَوْ آيَةً، وَحَدِّثُوا عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَلَا حَرَجَ، وَحَدِّثُوا عَنِّي وَلَا تَكْذِبُوا عَلَيَّ، فَمَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ»\n\n١٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ الْقَنْطَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دُونَ مَا فِي أَوَّلِهِ مِنْ ذِكْرِ الْآيَةِ","vol":"1","page":138},{"text":"١٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «حَدِّثُوا عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَلَا حَرَجَ، وَحَدِّثُوا عَنِّي وَلَا تَكْذِبُوا عَلَيَّ» ⦗١٣٩⦘\n\n١٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: هَذَا أَشَدُّ حَدِيثٍ رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي هَذَا وَعَلَيْهِ اعْتَمَدْنَا مَعَ غَيْرِهِ فِي أَنْ لَا نَقْبَلَ حَدِيثًا إِلَّا مِنْ ثِقَةٍ، وَنَعْرِفَ صِدْقَ مَنْ حَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ حِينَ ابْتُدِئَ إِلَى أَنْ يَبْلُغَ بِهِ مُنْتَهَاهُ،\n\n١٤٧ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: وَمَا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتَ؟ قِيلَ لَهُ: أَحَاطَ الْعِلْمُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَا يَأْمُرُ أَحَدًا بِحَالٍ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَلَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِمْ. فَإِذَا أَبَاحَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَلَيْسَ أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا الْحَدِيثَ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَإِنَّمَا أَبَاحَ قَبُولَ ذَلِكَ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَ بِهِ عَمَّنْ يُجْهَلُ صِدْقُهُ وَكَذِبُهُ، وَلَمْ يُبِحْهُ أَيْضًا عَمَّنْ يُعْرَفُ كَذِبُهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُرْوَى عَنْهُ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ حَدَّثَ بِحَدِيثٍ وَهُوَ يَرَاهُ كَذِبًا فَهُوَ أَحَدُ الْكَاذِبَيْنِ».\n\n١٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ حَدَّثَ عَنْ كَذَّابٍ لَمْ يَبْرَأْ مِنَ الْكَذِبِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَرَى الْكَذَّابَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ كَاذِبًا، وَلِأَنَّهُ لَا يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَى أَكْثَرِ صِدْقِ الْحَدِيثِ وَكَذِبِهِ إِلَّا بِصِدْقِ الْمُخْبِرِ وَكَذِبِهِ إِلَّا فِي الْخَاصِّ الْقَلِيلِ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ ⦗١٤٠⦘ يُسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى الصِّدْقِ وَالْكَذِبِ فِيهِ بِأَنْ يُحَدِّثَ الْمُحَدِّثُ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِثْلُهُ، أَوْ يُخَالِفَهُ مَا هُوَ أَثْبَتُ وَأَكْثَرُ دِلَالَاتٍ بِالصِّدْقِ مِنْهُ.\n\n١٤٩ - وَإِذْ فَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْهُ وَالْحَدِيثِ عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَقَالَ: «حَدِّثُوا عَنِّي وَلَا تَكْذِبُوا عَلَيَّ»\n\n١٥٠ - فَالْعِلْمُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ يُحِيطُ أَنَّ الْكَذِبَ الَّذِي نَهَاهُمْ عَنْهُ هُوَ الْكَذِبُ الْخَفِيُّ، وَذَلِكَ الْحَدِيثُ عَمَّنْ لَا يُعْرَفُ صِدْقُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْكَذِبَ إِذَا كَانَ مَنْهِيًّا عَنْهُ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ فَلَا كَذِبَ أَعْظَمَ مِنْ كَذِبٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ يَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ لَا نَأْخُذَ إِلَّا عَنْ ثِقَةٍ،\n\n١٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لِيَتَمَثَّلُ فِي صُورَةِ الرَّجُلِ، فَيَأْتِي الْقَوْمَ فَيُحَدِّثُهُمْ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الْكَذِبِ، فَيَتَفَرَّقُونَ فَيَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا أَعْرِفُ وَجْهَهُ وَلَا أَدْرِي مَا اسْمُهُ يُحَدِّثُ ⦗١٤١⦘،\n\n١٥٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا الْعِلْمَ دِينٌ فَانْظُرُوا عَمَّنْ تَأْخُذُونَ دِينَكُمْ","vol":"1","page":138},{"text":"١٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنًا لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَلَمْ يَقُلْ فِيهَا شَيْئًا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّا لَنُعَظِّمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِثْلُكَ ابْنَ إِمَامَيْ هُدًى تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَمْرٍ لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ فِيهِ عِلْمٌ، فَقَالَ: أَعْظَمُ وَاللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَعِنْدَ مَنْ عَرَفَ اللَّهَ وَعِنْدَ مَنْ عَقَلَ عَنِ اللَّهِ أَنْ أَقُولَ بِمَا لَيْسَ لِي بِهِ عِلْمٌ، أَوْ أُخْبِرَ عَنْ غَيْرِ ثِقَةٍ","vol":"1","page":141},{"text":"١٥٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n١٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمِّي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: إِنِّي لَأَسْمَعُ الْحَدِيثَ أَسْتَحْسِنُهُ فَمَا يَمْنَعُنِي مِنْ ذِكْرِهِ إِلَّا كَرَاهِيَةُ أَنْ يَسْمَعَهُ سَامِعٌ فَيَقْتَدِيَ بِهِ، أَسْمَعُهُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ لَا أَثِقُ بِهِ قَدْ حَدَّثَهُ عَمَّنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ، وَأَسْمَعُهُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ أَثِقُ بِهِ قَدْ حَدَّثَهُ عَمَّنْ لَا أَثِقُ بِهِ ⦗١٤٢⦘.\n\n١٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: لَا يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا الثِّقَاتُ،\n\n١٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْعُمْرَى حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، وَلَمْ يَسُقِ الْحَدِيثَ،","vol":"1","page":141},{"text":"١٥٩ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ح\n\n١٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَالَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ، أَبَا الْأَحْوَصِ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِذَا قَامَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ الرَّحْمَةَ تُوَاجِهُهُ فَلَا يَمْسَحِ الْحَصْبَاءَ\n\n١٦١ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ: مَنْ أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ؟ كَالْمُغْضَبِ حِينَ حَدَّثَ الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ: أَمَا رَأَيْتَ الشَّيْخَ الَّذِي كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي الرَّوْضَةِ مَوْلَى بَنِي غِفَارٍ؟ فَجَعَلَ الزُّهْرِيُّ يَنْعَتُهُ لَهُ وَسَعْدٌ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ ⦗١٤٣⦘.\n\n١٦٢ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَسْأَلَةَ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكْتَفِ فِي مَعْرِفَتِهِ بِرِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْهُ.\n\n١٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ يُسْأَلُ عَنِ الشَّيْءِ فَيَرْوِيهِ عَمَّنْ قَبْلَهُ، وَيَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُهُ وَمَا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ ثَبَتٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ذَلِكَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْهُ، هَذَا فِي غَيْرِ قَوْلٍ،\n\n١٦٤ - وَكَانَ طَاوُسٌ إِذَا حَدَّثَهُ رَجُلٌ حَدِيثًا قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي حَدَّثَكَ مَلِيًّا وَإِلَّا فَدَعْهُ، يَعْنِي حَافِظًا ثِقَةً.\n\n١٦٥ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ يَذْهَبُ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ فِي أَنْ لَا يَقْبَلَ إِلَّا مِمَّنْ عَرَفَ\n\n١٦٦ - قَالَ: وَمَا لَقِيتُ وَلَا عَلِمْتُ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يُخَالِفُ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ\n\n١٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رِوَايَتُهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ،\n\n١٦٨ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَقَاوِيلَ السَّلَفِ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَدْخَلِ، وَاقْتَصَرْنَا هَاهُنَا عَلَى مَا أَوْرَدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَفِيهِ كِفَايَةٌ","vol":"1","page":142},{"text":"١٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْأَشْقَرَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يُونُسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، يَقُولُ: قَالَ لِي الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْإِجْمَاعُ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ الْمُنْفَرِدِ، وَلَيْسَ الشَّاذُّ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ أَنْ يَرْوِي الثِّقَةُ مَا لَا ⦗١٤٤⦘ يَرْوِي غَيْرُهُ، هَذَا لَيْسَ بِشَاذٍّ، إِنَّمَا الشَّاذُّ أَنْ يَرْوِيَ الثِّقَةُ حَدِيثًا يُخَالِفُ مَا رَوَى النَّاسُ فَهُوَ الشَاذٌّ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهَذَا النَّوْعُ مِنْ مَعْرِفَةِ صَحِيحِ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ سَقِيمِهِ لَا يُعْرَفُ بِعَدَالَةِ الرُّوَاةِ وَجَرْحِهِمْ، وَإِنَّمَا يُعْرَفُ بِكَثْرَةِ السَّمَاعِ، وَمُجَالَسَةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ وَمُذَاكَرَتِهِمْ، وَالنَّظَرِ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ، وَالْوُقُوفِ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِمْ حَتَّى إِذَا شَذَّ مِنْهَا حَدِيثٌ عَرَفَهُ.\n\n١٧١ - وَهَذَا هُوَ الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ أَئِمَّةِ هَذَا الشَّأْنِ، وَلِأَجْلِهِ صَنَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ كِتَابَ الرِّسَالَةِ، وَإِلَيْهِ أَرْسَلَهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: كَيْفَ تَعْرِفُ صَحِيحَ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ خَطَئِهِ؟ قَالَ: كَمَا يَعْرِفُ الطَّبِيبُ الْمَجْنُونَ.\n\n١٧٢ - وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَتَيْتَ النَّاقِدَ فَأَرَيْتَهُ دَرَاهِمَكَ فَقَالَ: هَذَا جَيِّدٌ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا بَهْرَجٌ، أَكُنْتَ تَسْأَلُ عَمَّ ذَلِكَ، أَوْ كُنْتَ تُسَلِّمُ الْأَمْرَ لَهُ؟ قَالَ: بَلْ كُنْتُ أُسَلِّمُ الْأَمْرَ لَهُ قَالَ: فَهَذَا كَذَلِكَ، لِطُولِ الْمُجَالَسَةِ وَالْمُنَاظَرَةِ وَالْخِبْرَةِ\n\n١٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ يَزِلُّ الصَّدُوقُ فِيمَا يَكْتُبُهُ، فَيَدْخُلُ لَهُ حَدِيثٌ فِي حَدِيثٍ، فَيَصِيرُ حَدِيثٌ رُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ مُرَكَّبًا عَلَى إِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ،\n\n١٧٤ - وَقَدْ يَزِلُّ الْقَلَمُ وَيُخْطِئُ السَّمْعَ، وَيَخُونُ الْحِفْظَ، فَيَرْوِي الشَّاذَّ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ غَيْرِ قَصْدٍ، فَيَعْرِفُهُ أَهْلُ الصَّنْعَةِ الَّذِينَ قَيَّضَهُمُ اللَّهُ لِحِفْظِ سُنَنِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ،\n\n١٧٥ - وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: لَوْلَا الْجَهَابِذَةُ لَكَثُرَتِ السُّتُّوقَةُ وَالزِّيُوفُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّرِيعَةِ ⦗١٤٥⦘،\n\n١٧٦ - فَمَتَى أَحْبَبْتَ فَهَلُمَّ حَتَّى أَعْزِلَ لَكَ مِنْهُ نَقْدَ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، أَمَا تَحْفَظُ قَوْلَ شُرَيْحٍ: إِنَّ لِلْأَثَرِ جَهَابِذَةً كَجَهَابِذَةِ الْوَرِقِ،\n\n١٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِي حِكَايَةٍ ذَكَرَهَا.\n\n١٧٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا نَسْمَعُ الْحَدِيثَ فَنَعْرِضُهُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِنَا كَمَا يُعْرَضُ الدِّرْهَمُ الزَّيْفُ، فَمَا عَرَفُوا مِنْهُ أَخَذْنَا، وَمَا أَنْكَرُوا تَرَكْنَا.\n\n١٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي مِثْلِ هَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَرَدَ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَفَى بِالْمَرْءِ كَذِبًا - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى إِثْمًا - أَنْ يُحَدِّثَ بِكُلِّ مَا سَمِعَ»\n\n١٨٠ - وَرُوِّينَا أَيْضًا عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا،\n\n١٨١ - وَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: لَيْسَ يَسْلَمُ رَجُلٌ يُحَدِّثُ بِكُلِّ مَا سَمِعَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ إِمَامًا أَبَدًا وَهُوَ يُحَدِّثُ بِكُلِّ مَا سَمِعَ\n\n١٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي هَذَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لِصَاحِبِ الْحَدِيثِ أَنْ يُمْسِكَ عَنْ رِوَايَةِ الْمَنَاكِيرِ، وَيَقْتَصِرَ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ الْمَعْرُوفِ، وَيَتَوَقَّى فِيهَا وَيَجْتَهِدَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ رِوَايَتُهُ عَلَى الْإِثْبَاتِ وَالصِّحَّةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"1","page":143},{"text":"١٨٣ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَيَانُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ قَرَظَةَ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: شَيَّعَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى ضِرَارٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: تَدْرُونَ لِمَا شَيَّعْتُكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: نَحْنُ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ تَأْتُونَ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ لَهُمْ بِالْقُرْآنِ دَوِيٌّ كَدَوِيِّ النَّحْلِ، فَلَا تَصُدُّوهُمْ بِالْأَحَادِيثِ فَتَشْغَلُوهُمْ، جَرِّدُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَأَقِلُّوا الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، امْضُوا وَأَنَا شَرِيكُكُمْ، قَالُوا: فَأَتَوْا قَرَظَةَ فَقَالُوا: حَدِّثْنَا، فَقَالُ: نَهَانَا عُمَرُ\n\n١٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ، سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ\n\n١٨٥ - وَقَوْلُهُ: امْضُوا وَأَنَا شَرِيكُكُمْ، يَقُولُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: وَأَنَا أَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ، يَقُولُ: أَقَلَّ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَحِينَ رَخَّصَ فِي الْقَلِيلِ مِنْهُ دَلَّ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْإِكْثَارِ مَخَافَةَ الْغَلَطِ، لِمَا فِي الْغَلَطِ مِنَ الْإِحَالَةِ وَرَخَّصَ فِي الْقَلِيلِ مِنْهُ عَلَى الْإِثْبَاتِ عِنْدَ الْحَاجَةِ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِتَجْرِيدِ الْقُرْآنِ عِنْدَ عَدَمِ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَى الرِّوَايَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْقَوْمَ كَانُوا رَغِبُوا فِي أَخْذِ الْقُرْآنِ فَلَمْ يُرِدِ اشْتِغَالَهُمْ بِغَيْرِهِ قَبْلَ اسْتِحْكَامِهِ شَفَقَةً مِنْهُ عَلَى رَعِيَّتِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗١٤٧⦘.\n\n١٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَحِبْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَمَا سَمِعْتُهُ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا حَدِيثًَا وَاحِدًا، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ النَّخْلَةِ.\n\n١٨٧ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ سُوقَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَهُوَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا سَمِعَ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَزِدْ فِيهِ وَلَمْ يَنْقُصْ مِنْهُ، وَلَمْ يُجَاوِزْهُ.\n\n١٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَدِيثًا أَجْدَرَ أَنْ لَا يَزِيدَ فِيهِ وَلَا يَنْقُصَ مِنْهُ وَلَا وَلَا - مِنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اخْتَلَفْتُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ سَنَةً لَا أَسْمَعُهُ يَقُولُ فِيهَا: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ جَرَى ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ حَدِيثٌ فَقَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فَعَلَاهُ كَرْبٌ وَجَعَلَ الْعَرَقُ يَتَحَدَّرُ عَنْ جَبِينِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِمَّا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ، وَإِمَّا دُونَ ذَلِكَ، وَإِمَّا قَرِيبٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ⦗١٤٨⦘.\n\n١٩٠ - وَالْآثَارُ عَنِ السَّلَفِ فِي هَذَا كَثِيرَةٌ.\n\n١٩١ - وَأَمَّا تَبْيِينُ حَالِ مَنْ وُجِدَ مِنْهُ مَا يُوجِبُ رَدَّ خَبَرِهِ فَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «الْمُؤْمِنُونَ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ»\n\n١٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ تَكْذِيبُ الْكَاذِبِ، وَالْإِخْبَارُ بِهِ، ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ، فَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ.\n\n١٩٣ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسْأَلُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَيَقُولُ: كُفُّوا عَنْ حَدِيثِهِ، وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا حَدِيثَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَغْلَطُ، أَوْ يُحَدِّثُ بِمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ، وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ قَالَ: أَنَّهُ لَا يُبْصِرُ الْفُتْيَا وَلَا يَعْرِفُهَا، لَيْسَ هَذَا بِغِيبَةٍ، وَهَذَا مِنْ مَعَانِي الشَّهَادَاتِ، إِذَا كَانَ يَقُولُهُ لِمَنْ يَخَافُ أَنْ يَتْبَعَهُ فَيُخْطِئَ بِأَتْبَاعِهِ ⦗١٤٩⦘،\n\n١٩٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَرْمَلَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ حَرَامٍ حَرَامٌ، يُرِيدُ حَرَامَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ،\n\n١٩٥ - وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الضُّعَفَاءِ، وَبَيَّنَ أَمْرَهُمْ، وَحِكَايَتُهُ هَاهُنَا مِمَّا يَطُولُ بِهِ الْكِتَابُ","vol":"1","page":146},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-6>مَنْ تَوَقَّى رِوَايَةَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَمَنْ قَبِلَهَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الصِّدْقِ مِنْهُمْ وَرَجَّحَ رِوَايَةَ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ</span>","vol":"1","page":150},{"text":"١٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَزْهَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِي يَعْنِي أَبَا عَوَانَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ، يُونُسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، يَقُولُ: قَالَ لِي الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا أَتَاكَ مِنْ هَاهُنَا - وَأَشَارَ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ - لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ هَاهُنَا أَصْلٌ - وَأَشَارَ إِلَى الْحِجَازِ أَوْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ - فَلَا تَعْتَدَّ بِهِ.\n\n١٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي ذَمِّ رِوَايَةِ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، وَهِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، وَمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ.\n\n١٩٨ - وَكَانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ﵀ يَقُولُ: لَمْ يَأْخُذْ أَوَّلُونَا عَنْ أَوَّلِيكُمْ، فَكَذَا آخِرُونَا لَا يَأْخُذُونَ عَنْ آخِرِيكُمْ.\n\n١٩٩ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَمْلَى فِي ذَلِكَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ","vol":"1","page":150},{"text":"قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: أَمْلَى عَلَيْنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ ⦗١٥١⦘: مَنْ عُرِفَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ بَلَدِنَا بِالصِّدْقِ وَالْحِفْظِ قَبِلْنَا حَدِيثَهُ، وَمَنْ عُرِفَ مِنْهُمْ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ بَلَدِنَا بِالْغَلَطِ رَدَدْنَا حَدِيثَهُ، وَمَا حَابَيْنَا أَحَدًا وَلَا حَمَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ\n\n٢٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَعَلَى هَذَا مَذَاهِبُ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَإِنَّمَا رَغِبَ بَعْضُ السَّلَفِ عَنْ رِوَايَةِ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ لِمَا ظَهَرَ مِنَ الْمَنَاكِيرِ وَالتَّدْلِيسِ فِي رِوَايَاتِ بَعْضِهِمْ،\n\n٢٠١ - ثُمَّ قَامَ بِهَذَا الْعِلْمِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ وَمِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، فَمَيَّزُوا أَهْلَ الصِّدْقِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَمَنْ دَلَّسَ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يُدَلِّسْ، وَصَنَّفُوا فِيهِ الْكُتُبَ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ مَنْ عَمِلَ فِي مَعْرِفَةِ مَا عَرَفُوهُ، وَسَعَى فِي الْوُقُوفِ عَلَى مَا عَمِلُوهُ عَلَى خِبْرَةٍ مِنْ دِينِهِ، وَصِحَّةِ مَا يَجِبُ الِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، فَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ، وَبِهِ التَّوْفِيقُ وَالْعِصْمَةُ","vol":"1","page":150},{"text":"٢٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ حدثنا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ، الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: لَوْلَا شُعْبَةُ مَا عُرِفَ الْحَدِيثُ بِالْعِرَاقِ، فَكَانَ يَجِيءُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَيَقُولُ: لَا تُحَدِّثْ وَإِلَّا اسْتَعْدَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ السُّلْطَانَ.\n\n٢٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ ﵀: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ شُعْبَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَتَفَقَّدُ فَمَ قَتَادَةَ، فَإِذَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَسَمِعْتُ، حَفِظْتُهُ، وَإِذَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَ ⦗١٥٢⦘ فُلَانٌ، تَرَكْتُهُ.\n\n٢٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَفَيْتُكُمْ تَدْلِيسَ ثَلَاثَةٍ: الْأَعْمَشَ، وَأَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَقَتَادَةَ \"\n\n٢٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَرَرْتُ مَعَ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ - أَوْ قَالَ: شُعْبَةَ - بِرَجُلٍ، فَقَالَ: كَذَّابٌ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِي أَنْ أَسْكُتَ عَنْهُ لَسَكَتُّ عَنْهُ.\n\n٢٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ «الْمَدْخَلِ» مِنْ حِكَايَاتِهِمْ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَيَّضَ فِي كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ مَنْ قَامَ بِأَدَاءِ النُّصْحِ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ فِي تَمْيِيزِ أَهْلِ الثِّقَةِ وَالْعَدَالَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ.\n\n٢٠٧ - فَأَمَّا تَرْجِيحُ رِوَايَةِ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ عِنْدَ الِاخْتِلَافِ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِسُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، فَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ.\n\n٢٠٨ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا رَأَيْتَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ السُّنَّةُ.\n\n٢٠٩ - وَقَالَ مِسْعَرٌ: قُلْتُ لِحَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ: أَيُّهُمَا أَعْلَمُ بِالسُّنَّةِ، أَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ أَمْ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ؟ قَالَ: بَلْ أَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ.\n\n٢١٠ - وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ يَقُولُ: حَدِيثُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَصَحُّ، وَإِسْنَادُهُمْ أَقْرَبُ بِرَجُلٍ.\n\n٢١١ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تَعَلَّمُوا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَلَا تُعَلِّمُوهَا، وَقَدِّمُوهَا وَلَا تَقَدَّمُوهَا» ⦗١٥٣⦘\n\n٢١٢ - وَقَالَ: \" قُوَّةُ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مِثْلُ قُوَّةِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ - يَعْنِي نُبْلَ الرَّأْيِ -\n\n٢١٣ - وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «الْإِيمَانُ يَمَانٍ، وَالْحِكْمَةُ يَمَانِيَّةٌ» ⦗١٥٤⦘\n\n٢١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵁: وَمَكَّةُ وَالْمَدِينَةُ يَمَانِيَّتَانِ مَعَ مَا دَلَّ بِهِ عَلَى فَضْلِهِمْ فِي عِلْمِهِمْ","vol":"1","page":151},{"text":"٢١٥ - وَذَكَرَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «يُوشِكُ النَّاسُ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوا أَكْبَادَ الْإِبِلِ فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ فَلَا يَجِدُونَ عَالِمًا أَعْلَمَ مِنْ عَالِمِ الْمَدِينَةِ»\n\n٢١٦ - وَقَدْ أَمْلَى الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْجَدِيدِ أَحَادِيثَ فِي فَضَائِلِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَسَائِرِ قَبَائِلِ الْعَرَبِ، وَقَصْدُهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ تَرْجِيحُ مَعْرِفَتِهِمْ بِالسُّنَنِ عَلَى مَعْرِفَةِ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِيهَا كَمَا سَمِعْنَا","vol":"1","page":154},{"text":"٢١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «قَدِّمُوا قُرَيْشًا وَلَا تَقَدَّمُوهَا، وَتَعَلَّمُوا مِنْهَا وَلَا تَعَالَمُوهَا أَوْ تُعَلِّمُوهَا» شَكَّ ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ","vol":"1","page":154},{"text":"٢١٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَابْنَ شِهَابٍ يَقُولَانِ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ أَهَانَ قُرَيْشًا أَهَانَهُ اللَّهُ»","vol":"1","page":155},{"text":"٢١٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَوْلَا أَنْ تَبْطَرَ قُرَيْشٌ لَأَخْبَرْتُهَا بِالَّذِي لَهَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ﷿»","vol":"1","page":155},{"text":"٢٢٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِقُرَيْشٍ: «أَنْتُمْ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ، مَا كُنْتُمْ عَلَى الْحَقِّ إِلَّا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا عَنْهُ فَتُلْحَوْنَ كَمَا تُلْحَى هَذِهِ الْجَرِيدَةُ، يُشِيرُ إِلَى جَرِيدَةٍ فِي يَدِهِ»","vol":"1","page":155},{"text":"٢٢١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ ⦗١٥٦⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ، جَدِّهِ، رِفَاعَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَادَى: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَهْلُ أَمَانَةٍ، مَنْ بَغَاهَا الْعَوَاثِرَ كَبَّهُ اللَّهُ لِمِنْخَرَيْهِ» يَقُولُهَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ \"","vol":"1","page":155},{"text":"٢٢٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ قَتَادَةَ بْنَ النُّعْمَانِ وَقَعَ بِقُرَيْشٍ، فَكَأَنَّهُ نَالَ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَهْلًا يَا قَتَادَةُ، لَا تَشْتُمْ قُرَيْشًا؛ فَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَّكَ تَرَى مِنْهَا رِجَالًا، أَوْ يَأْتِيَ مِنْهُمْ رِجَالٌ، تَحْقِرُ عَمَلَكَ مَعَ أَعْمَالِهِمْ، وَفِعْلَكَ مَعَ أَفْعَالِهِمْ، وَتَغْبِطُهُمْ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُمْ، لَوْلَا أَنْ تَطْغَى قُرَيْشٌ لَأَخْبَرْتُهَا بِالَّذِي لَهَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ﷿»","vol":"1","page":156},{"text":"٢٢٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا أَحْفَظُهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي قُرَيْشٍ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْخَيْرِ لَا أَحْفَظُهُ، وَقَالَ:  «شِرَارُ قُرَيْشٍ خِيَارُ شِرَارِ النَّاسِ»","vol":"1","page":156},{"text":"٢٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ ⦗١٥٧⦘: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَجِدُونَ النَّاسَ مَعَادِنَ، فَخِيَارُهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ خِيَارُهُمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِذَا فَقِهُوا»\n\n٢٢٥ - أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَفِيهِ زِيَادَةٌ: «وَالنَّاسُ تَبَعٌ لِقُرَيْشٍ فِي هَذَا الشَّأْنِ، مُسْلِمُهُمْ تَبَعٌ لِمُسْلِمِهِمْ، وَكَافِرُهُمْ تَبَعٌ لِكَافِرِهِمْ»","vol":"1","page":156},{"text":"٢٢٦ - قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ: قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «أَتَاكُمْ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ هُمْ أَلْيَنُ قُلُوبًا، وَأَرَقُّ أَفْئِدَةً، الْإِيمَانُ يَمَانٍ، وَالْحِكْمَةُ يَمَانِيَّةٌ» هَكَذَا رُوِيَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مَوْقُوفًا","vol":"1","page":157},{"text":"٢٢٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَزْرَقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَتَاكُمْ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ، أَتَاكُمْ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ، هُمْ أَرَقُّ ⦗١٥٨⦘ أَفْئِدَةً، الْإِيمَانُ يَمَانٍ، وَالْفِقْهُ يَمَانٍ، وَالْحِكْمَةُ يَمَانِيَّةٌ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"1","page":157},{"text":"٢٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي، عَمِّي، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْأَزْرَقِيِّ قَالَ: وَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى ثَنِيَّةِ تَبُوكَ فَقَالَ: «مَا هَاهُنَا شَامٌ، وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى جِهَةِ الشَّامِ، وَمِنْ هَاهُنَا يَمَنٌ، وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى جِهَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ»","vol":"1","page":158},{"text":"٢٢٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الدَّوْسِيُّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ دَوْسًا قَدْ عَصَتْ وَأَبَتْ، فَادْعُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهَا، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقِبْلَةَ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ هَلَكَتْ دَوْسٌ، فَقَالَ:  «اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِ دَوْسًا وَائْتِ بِهِمْ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"1","page":158},{"text":"٢٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ، أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَوْلَا الْهِجْرَةُ لَكُنْتُ امْرَأً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ ⦗١٥٩⦘ النَّاسَ يَسْلُكُونَ وَادِيًا أَوْ شِعْبًا لَسَلَكْتُ وَادِيَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَوْ شِعْبَهُمْ»","vol":"1","page":158},{"text":"٢٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ الْغَسِيلِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَمَّاهُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ فِي مَرَضِهِ فَخَطَبَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ قَدْ قَضُوا الَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ، وَبَقِيَ الَّذِي عَلَيْكُمْ، فَاقْبَلُوا مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ، وَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ مُسِيئِهِمْ»\n\n٢٣٢ - وَقَالَ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْأَنْصَارِ، وَلِأَبْنَاءِ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَلِأَبْنَاءِ أَبْنَاءِ الْأَنْصَارِ».\n\n٢٣٣ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: \" إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: حِينَ خَرَجَ يَهِشُّ إِلَيْهِ النِّسَاءُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَرَقَّ لَهُمْ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ \"، فَقَالَ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةَ.\n\n٢٣٤ - لَمْ يَذْكُرْ لَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَا بَعْدَ الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَذَكَرَهُ الْبَاقُونَ","vol":"1","page":159},{"text":"٢٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّ «أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ» ﵁ قَالَ: مَا وَجَدْتُ لَنَا وَلِهَذَا الْحَيِّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مَثَلًا إِلَّا مَا قَالَ الطُّفَيْلُ الْغَنَوِيُّ:\n[البحر الطويل]\nأَبَوْا أَنْ يَمِلُّونَا وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَمَّنَا ... تَلَاقِي الَّذِي يَلْقُونَ فِينَا لَمَلَّتِ\nهُمْ خَلَطُونَا بِالنُّفُوسِ وَأَوْلَجُوا ... إِلَى حُجُرَاتٍ أَدْفَأَتْ وَأَظَلَّتِ\"\n\n٢٣٦ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: وَسَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَرْوِي هَذَا عَلَى أَثَرِهَا:\nجَزَى اللَّهُ عَنَّا جَعْفَرًا حِينَ أَزْلَقَتْ بِنَا نَعْلُنَا فِي الْوَاطِئِينَ فَزَلَّتِ","vol":"1","page":160},{"text":"٢٣٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" مَا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَلِلْأَنْصَارِ عَلَيْهِ مِنَّةٌ: أَلَمْ يُوسِعُوا فِي الدِّيَارِ؟ وَيُشَاطِرُوا فِي الثِّمَارِ؟ وَآثَرُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ؟ \"","vol":"1","page":160},{"text":"٢٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْوَهَابِ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيَّ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ تَمْرٌ وَشَعِيرٌ مِنْ بَعْضِ الْقُرَى، وَأَنَّ أُسَيْدَ بْنَ الْحُضَيْرِ قَالَ لَهُ أَهْلُ بَيْتَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي ظُفُرٍ: اذْكُرْ حَاجَتَنَا لِرَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَّ أَسِيدَ بْنَ الْحُضَيْرِ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَوَجَدَ مَعَهُ قَوْمًا ⦗١٦١⦘، وَأَنَّهُ جَنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ حَاجَةَ أَهْلِ بَيْتَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي ظُفُرٍ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لِكُلِّ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ وَسْقٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ، وَشَطْرٌ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ». فَقَالَ أُسَيْدُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، «جَزَاكَ اللَّهُ عَنَّا خَيْرًا».\n\n٢٣٩ - قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَزَعَمَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُمْ: \" وَأَنْتُمْ، فَجَزَاكُمُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ: فَإِنَّكُمْ أَعِفَّةٌ صُبُرٍ، وَإِنَّكُمْ سَتَرَوْنَ بَعْدِي أَثَرَةً فِي الْأَمْرِ وَالْقَسَمِ فَاصْبِرُوا حَتَّى تَلْقَوْنِي \"","vol":"1","page":160},{"text":"٢٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نُجَيْحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنَّهُ لَذِكْرٌ لَكَ وَلِقَوْمِكَ﴾ [الزخرف: ٤٤] قَالَ: يُقَالُ: مِمَّنِ الرَّجُلُ؟ فَيُقَالُ: مِنَ الْعَرَبِ فيُقَالُ مِنْ أَيِّ الْعَرَبِ؟ فَيُقَالُ: مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ \"","vol":"1","page":161},{"text":"٢٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْأُسْتَاذُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَوْرَكَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَزْهَرِ عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لِلْقُرَشِيِّ مِثْلُ قُوَّةِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ» فَقِيلَ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ: بِمَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «مِنْ نُبْلِ الرَّأْيِ»\n\n٢٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ مَتْنَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"1","page":161},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-7>الْمَرَاسِيلُ</span>\n٢٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ ⦗١٦٣⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: وَالْمُنْقَطِعُ مُخْتَلِفٌ فِيهِ، فَمَنْ شَاهَدَ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ فَحَدَّثَ حَدِيثًا مُنْقَطِعًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ اعْتُبِرَ عَلَيْهِ بِأُمُورٍ\n\n٢٤٤ - مِنْهَا: أَنْ يُنْظَرَ إِلَى مَا أَرْسَلَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ، فَإِنْ شَرِكَهُ الْحُفَّاظُ الْمَأْمُونُونَ فَأَسْنَدُوهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى مَا رُوِي كَانَتْ هَذِهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَنْ قَبِلَ عَنْهُ وَحِفْظِهِ، وَإِنِ انْفَرَدَ بِإِرْسَالِ حَدِيثٍ لَمْ يَشْرَكْهُ فِيهِ مَنْ يُسْنِدُهُ قُبِلَ مَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٢٤٥ - وَيُعْتَبَرُ عَلَيْهِ بِأَنْ يُنْظَرَ: هَلْ يُوَافِقُهُ مُرْسِلٌ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ غَيْرِ رِجَالِهِ الَّذِينَ قُبِلَ مِنْهُمْ،\n\n٢٤٦ - فَإِنْ وُجِدَ ذَلِكَ كَانَتْ دَلَالَةً تُقَوِّي لَهُ مُرْسَلَهُ، وَهِيَ أَضْعَفُ مِنَ الْأُولَى،\n\n٢٤٧ - وَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ ذَلِكَ نُظِرَ إِلَى بَعْضِ مَا يُرْوَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَوْلًا لَهُ، فَإِنْ وُجِدَ يُوَافِقُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ النبي ﷺ كَانَتْ فِي هَذَهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مُرْسَلَهُ إِلَّا عَنْ أَصْلٍ يَصِحُّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ،\n\n٢٤٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ وُجِدَ عَوَامٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يُفْتُونَ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ⦗١٦٤⦘\n\n٢٤٩ - ثُمَّ يُعْتَبُرُ عَلَيْهِ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ إِذَا سَمَّى مَنْ يَرْوِي عَنْهُ لَمْ يُسَمِّ مَجْهُولًا وَلَا مَرْغُوبًا عَنِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْهُ، فَيُسْتَدَلُّ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى صِحَّتِهِ فِيمَا يَرْوِي عَنْهُ،\n\n٢٥٠ - وَيَكُونُ إِذَا شَرِكَ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ فِي حَدِيثٍ لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُ، فَإِنْ خَالَفَهُ وَجَدَ حَدِيثَهُ أَنْقَصَ كَانَتْ فِي هَذِهِ دَلَائِلُ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَخْرَجِ حَدِيثِهِ،\n\n٢٥١ - وَمَتَى خَالَفَ مَا وَصَفْتُ أَضَرَّ بِحَدِيثِهِ حَتَّى لَا يَسَعَ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ قَبُولُ مُرْسَلِهِ.\n\n٢٥٢ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ انْحِطَاطِهِ عَنْ دَرَجَةِ الْمُتَّصِلِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:\n\n٢٥٣ - فَأَمَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ كِبَارِ التَّابِعِينَ الَّذِينَ كَثُرَتْ مُشَاهَدَتُهُمْ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَا أَعْلَمُ مِنْهُمْ وَاحِدًا يَقْبَلُ مُرْسَلَهُ لِأُمُورٍ:\n\n٢٥٤ - أَحَدُهَا: أَنَّهُمْ أَشَدُّ تَجَوُّزًا فِيمَنْ يَرْوُونَ عَنْهُ.\n\n٢٥٥ - وَالْآخَرُ: أَنَّهُمْ تُؤْخَذُ عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّلَائِلُ فِيمَا أَرْسَلُوا لِضَعْفِ مَخْرَجِهِ. وَالْآخَرُ كَثْرَةُ الْإِحَالَةِ فِي الْأَخْبَارِ، وَإِذَا كَثُرَتِ الْإِحَالَةُ كَانَ أَمْكَنَ لِلْوَهْمِ، وَضَعْفِ مَنْ يُقْبَلُ عَنْهُ.\n\n٢٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَمِثَالُ مَا أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا يُقْبَلُ مِنَ الْمَرَاسِيلِ بِانْضِمَامِ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ إِلَيْهِ وَمَا لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهَا مَذْكُورٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي مَوَاضِعِهِ.\n\n٢٥٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مِثَالِ عَوَارٍ مُرْسَلٍ مِنْ بَعْدِ كِبَارِ التَّابِعِينَ حَدِيثَ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الضَّحِكِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ مُرْسَلًا. ثُمَّ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ، ⦗١٦٥⦘ وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الضَّحِكِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ.\n\n٢٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي،\n\n٢٥٩ - ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: يَقُولُونَ: نُحَابِي، وَلَوْ حَابَيْنَا لَحَابَيْنَا الزُّهْرِيَّ، وَإِرْسَالُ الزُّهْرِيِّ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّا نَجِدُهُ يَرْوِي عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّكَ تَجِدُهُ.\n\n٢٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بُنْدَارٍ الصُّوفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَلَاءِ كَامِلُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ ⦗١٦٦⦘: حَدَّثَ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِحَدِيثٍ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: فَقُلْتُ لِحَمَّادٍ: سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ أَخْبَرَنِي مُغِيرَةُ قَالَ: فَذَهَبْتُ إِلَى مُغِيرَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ حَمَّادًا أَخْبَرَنِي عَنْكَ بِكَذَا، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ. فَقُلْتُ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورٌ قَالَ: فَلَقِيتُ مَنْصُورًا، فَقُلْتُ: حَدَّثَنِي عَنْكَ مُغِيرَةُ بِكَذَا، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ. فَقُلْتُ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ حَدَّثَنِي الْحَكَمُ قَالَ: فَجَهِدْتُ أَنْ أَعْرِفَ طُرُقَهُ فَلَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ، وَلَمْ يَمْكُنِّي.\n\n٢٦١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ أَمْثِلَةِ عَوَارٍ الْمُرْسَلِ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَدْخَلِ مَا يُؤَكِّدُ مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَلَمْ نَجِدْ حَدِيثًا مُتَّصِلًا ثَابِتًا خَالَفَهُ جَمِيعُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْسُوخًا،\n\n٢٦٢ - وَقَدْ وَجَدْنَا مَرَاسِيلَ قَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى خِلَافِهَا،","vol":"1","page":162},{"text":"٢٦٣ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ لِي مَالًا وَعِيَالًا، وَإِنَّ لِأَبِي مَالًا وَعِيَالًا، وَإِنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَالِي فَيُطْعِمَ عِيَالَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ».\n\n٢٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ غَايَةٌ فِي الثِّقَةِ، وَالْفَضْلِ فِي الدِّينِ وَالْوَرَعِ، وَلَكِنَّا لَا نَدْرِي عَمَّنْ قَبِلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ⦗١٦٧⦘.\n\n٢٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ جَابِرٍ فِيهِ وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ.\n\n٢٦٦ - وَقَوْلُهُ: إِنَّ لِأَبِي مَالًا، لَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْ وَصَلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَلَا فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":166},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-8>الْقِرَاءَةُ عَلَى الْعَالِمِ</span>","vol":"1","page":168},{"text":"٢٦٧ - سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: جِئْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ وَقَدْ حَفِظْتُ الْمُوَطَّأَ ظَاهِرًا، فَقَالَ لِي: اطْلُبْ مَنْ يَقْرَأُ لَكَ، فَقُلْتُ: لَا عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَسْمَعَ قِرَاءَتِي، قَالَ: فَإِنْ خَفَّتْ عَلَيْكَ قَرَأْتُ لِنَفْسِي، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ قِرَاءَتِي قَرَأْتُ لِنَفْسِي.\n\n٢٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِلَى هَذَا ذَهَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَمِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ.\n\n٢٦٩ - وَالْأَكْثَرُ مِنَ أَئِمَّةِ الدِّينِ كَانُوا يَرَوْنَ قِرَاءَتَكَ عَلَى الْعَالِمِ وَقِرَاءَةَ الْعَالِمِ عَلَيْكَ سَوَاءٌ.\n\n٢٧٠ - وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ يَحْكِي عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْحَدَّادِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عِنْدِي خَبَرٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ عَلَى الْعَالِمِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: فَقَالَ قِصَّةَ ضِمَامِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ: آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ بِهَذَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ.\n\n٢٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيَّ يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗١٦٩⦘.\n\n٢٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا مَا يَقُولُ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا فَفِيمَا","vol":"1","page":168},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَهْلٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يُونُسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: إِذَا قَرَأْتَ عَلَى الْمُحَدِّثِ فَقُلْ: أَخْبَرَنَا، وَإِذَا قَرَأَ عَلَيْكَ الْمُحَدِّثُ فَقُلْ: حَدَّثَنَا.\n\n٢٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِلَى مَعْنَى هَذَا ذَهَبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَأَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ،\n\n٢٧٤ - وَأَمَّا الْإِجَازَةُ فَقَدْ حَكَيْنَا عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ فِي حِكَايَةٍ ذَكَرَهَا عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهَا: يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الْإِجَازَةَ،\n\n٢٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ لِمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ الْإِجَازَةَ فَقَالَ: هَذَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الْعِلْمَ فِي أَيَّامٍ يَسِيرَةٍ.\n\n٢٧٦ - وَكَرِهَهَا أَيْضًا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ\n\n٢٧٧ - وَرَخَّصَ فِيهَا جَمَاعَةٌ\n\n٢٧٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَخَّصُوا فِي مُنَاوَلَةِ الصَّحِيفَةِ فِيهَا مِنْ أَحَادِيثِهِ وَالْإِقْرَارِ بِمَا فِيهَا دُونَ قِرَاءَتِهَا وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَرِهَهَا.\n\n٢٧٩ - وَمَنْ رَوَى شَيْئًا مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ بِمُنَاوَلَةِ الصَّحِيفَةِ أَوِ الْإِجَازَةِ فَسَبِيلُهُ أَنْ يَحْتَاطَ فِي ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ مُعَارِضًا بِأَصْلِ الشَّيْخِ ثُمَّ يُبَيِّنَ ذَلِكَ بِمَا يَخْشَى فِيمَا غَابَ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ وَصَلَ إِلَيْهِ فِي التَّحْرِيفِ الَّذِي لَا يُخْشَى مِثْلُهُ فِيمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ فَمِ الْمُحَدِّثِ أَوْ قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَقَرَّ بِهِ فَوَعَاهُ أَوْ حَفِظَ مَعَهُ نُسْخَتَهُ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"1","page":169},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-9>الْإِجْمَاعُ</span>\n٢٨٠ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي حِكَايَةٍ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي «كِتَابِ الْمَدْخَلِ» بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ الرَّسُولَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْهُدَى وَيَتَّبِعْ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ مَا تَوَلَّى وَنُصْلِهِ جَهَنَّمَ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا﴾ [النساء: ١١٥]،\n\n٢٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَزَالُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِي قَائِمَةً بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ لَا يَضُرُّهُمُ مَنْ خَذَلَهُمْ أَوْ خَالَفَهُمْ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَهُمْ ظَاهِرُونَ عَلَى النَّاسِ».\n\n٢٨٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" ثَلَاثٌ لَا يَغُلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَلْبُ مُسْلِمٍ: إِخْلَاصُ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ، وَالنَّصِيحَةُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلُزُومُ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ فَإِنَّ دَعْوَتَهُمْ تُحِيطُ مَنْ وَرَاءَهُمْ \" وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ.","vol":"1","page":170},{"text":"٢٨٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَامَ بِالْجَابِيَةِ لِلنَّاسِ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ فِينَا كَقِيَامِي فِيكُمْ فَقَالَ: «أَكْرِمُوا أَصْحَابِي ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ، ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ، ثُمَّ يَظْهَرُ الْكَذِبُ حَتَّى إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَحْلِفُ وَلَا يُسْتَحْلَفُ وَيَشْهَدُ وَلَا يُسْتَشْهَدُ، أَلَا مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَسْكُنَ بُحْبُوحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ فَلْيَلْزَمِ الْجَمَاعَةَ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ مَعَ الْفَذِّ وَهُوَ مِنَ الِاثْنَيْنِ أَبْعَدُ، وَلَا يَخْلُوَنَّ رَجُلٌ بِامْرَأَةٍ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ ثَالِثُهُمَا، وَمَنْ سَرَّتْهُ حَسَنَتُهُ وَسَاءَتْهُ سَيِّئَتُهُ فَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ» ⦗١٧١⦘ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٢٨٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٢٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَثْنَاءِ كَلَامِهِ: فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلِزُومِ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ مَعْنًى إِلَّا مَا عَلَيْهِ جَمَاعَتُهُمْ مِنَ التَّحْلِيلِ وَالتَّحْرِيمِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِيهَا فَمَنْ قَالَ بِمَا يَقُولُ جَمَاعَةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَدْ لَزِمَ جَمَاعَتَهُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا تَكُونُ الْغَفْلَةُ فِي الْفُرْقَةِ، فَأَمَّا الْجَمَاعَةُ فَلَا يُمْكِنُ فِيهَا كَافَّةً غَفْلَةٌ عَنْ مَعْنَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ وَلَا قِيَاسٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"1","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-10>الِاجْتِهَادُ</span>\n٢٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَقَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ فِيمَا لَمْ يَنُصَّ فِيهِ كِتَابٌ وَلَا سُنَّةٌ، وَلَا وُجِدَ النَّاسُ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَجْتَهِدُوا فِي طَلَبِهِ، وَابْتَلَى طَاعَتَهُمْ فِي الِاجْتِهَادِ كَمَا ابْتَلَى طَاعَتَهُمْ فِي غَيْرِهِ مِمَّا فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: ﴿وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّابِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَ أَخْبَارَكُمْ﴾ [محمد: ٣١]\n\n٢٨٧ - وَذَكَرَ فَرْضَ الِاجْتِهَادِ فِي الْقِبْلَةِ إِذَا غَابَ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ قَالَ: وَالِاجْتِهَادُ وَالْقِيَاسُ اسْمَانِ لِمَعْنًى وَاحِدٍ وَجِمَاعُهُمَا كُلُّ مَا نَزَلَ بِمُسْلِمٍ فَفِيهِ حُكْمٌ لَازِمٌ أَوْ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْحَقِّ فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ مَوْجُودَةٌ، وَعَلَيْهِ إِذَا كَانَ فِيهِ بِعَيْنِهِ حُكْمٌ اتِّبَاعُهُ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بِعَيْنِهِ طَلَبَ الدَّلَالَةَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْحَقِّ بِالِاجْتِهَادِ وَالِاجْتِهَادُ: الْقِيَاسُ.","vol":"1","page":172},{"text":"٢٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ ⦗١٧٣⦘: «إِذَا حَكَمَ الْحَاكِمُ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ، وَإِذَا حَكَمَ فَاجْتَهَدَ ثُمَّ أَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ».\n\n٢٨٩ - قَالَ يَزِيدُ فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ قَالَ: هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَيْوَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ\n\n٢٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ «بِمَ تَقْضِي؟»","vol":"1","page":172},{"text":"٢٩١ - فَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَمْرٍو الثَّقَفِيِّ ابْنِ أَخِي الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ قَالَ لِي: «كَيْفَ تَقْضِي إِنْ عَرَضَ قَضَاءٌ؟» قَالَ قُلْتُ: أَقْضِي بِمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿. قَالَ: «فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿»؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ: أَقْضِي بِمَا قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: «فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَضَى بِهِ الرَّسُولُ»؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي وَلَا آلُو، قَالَ ⦗١٧٤⦘: فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي وَقَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِمَا يُرْضِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ» أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ.\n\n٢٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ حُكْمٌ مَنْصُوصٌ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُنَّةٌ بِتَخْفِيفٍ فِي بَعْضِ الْفَرْضِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ عُمِلَ بِالرُّخْصَةِ فِيمَا رَخَّصَ فِيهِ دُونَ مَا سِوَاهَا وَلَمْ يَقِسْ مَا سِوَاهَا عَلَيْهَا وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ","vol":"1","page":173},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-11>الْقَوْلُ بِالْعُمُومِ حَتَّى يَجِدَ دَلَالَةَ الْخُصُوصِ</span>\n٢٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَالْأَحْكَامُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ عَلَى ظَاهِرِهَا وَعُمُومِهَا، لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُحِيلَ مِنْهَا ظَاهِرًا إِلَى بَاطِنٍ وَلَا عَامًّا إِلَى خَاصٍّ إِلَّا بِدَلَالَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَبِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ إِجْمَاعٍ مِنْ عَامَّةِ الْعُلَمَاءِ.\n\n٢٩٤ - قَالَ: وَيَسْتَدِلُّ عَلَى مَا احْتَمَلَ التَّأْوِيلَ مِنْهُ بِسُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ سُنَّةً فَبِإِجْمَاعِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِجْمَاعٌ فَبِالْقِيَاسِ.\n\n٢٩٥ - قَالَ: وَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى عُمُومِهِ وَظُهُورِهِ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ دَلَالَةٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِهِ خَاصًّا دُونَ عَامٍّ وَيَكُونُ مُحْتَمِلًا مَعْنَى الْخُصُوصِ أَوْ يَقُولُ عَوَامُّ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِيهِ أَوْ مَنْ حَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ سَمَاعًا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَعْنًى يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِهِ خَاصًّا دُونَ عَامٍّ","vol":"1","page":175},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-12>صِفَةُ الْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ</span>","vol":"1","page":176},{"text":"٢٩٦ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ:\n\n٢٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: الْأَمْرُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى الْإِبَاحَةِ وَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى الرُّشْدِ حَتَّى تُوجَدَ الدَّلَالَةُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ أَوِ السُّنَّةِ أَوِ الْإِجْمَاعِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أُرِيدَ بِالْأَمْرِ الْحَتْمُ،\n\n٢٩٨ - قَالَ: وَمَا نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ حَتَّى تُوجَدَ الدَّلَالَةُ عَلَيْهِ بِأَنَّ النَّهْيَ مِنْهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ التَّحْرِيمٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"1","page":176},{"text":"٢٩٩ - وَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «ذَرُونِي مَا تَرَكْتُكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ بِكَثْرَةِ سُؤَالِهِمْ وَاخْتِلَافِهِمْ عَلَى أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ، فَمَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ مِنْ أَمْرٍ فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ وَمَا نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا» ⦗١٧٧⦘\n\n٣٠٠ - قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ. حَدِيثُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٣٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْأَمْرُ فِي مَعْنَى النَّهْيِ فَيَكُونَانِ لَازِمَيْنِ إِلَّا بِدَلَالَةِ أَنَّهُمَا غَيْرُ لَازِمَيْنِ وَيَكُونُ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ» أَنْ يَقُولَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِتْيَانُ الْأَمْرِ فِيمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لِأَنَّ النَّاسَ إِنَّمَا كُلِّفُوا مَا اسْتَطَاعُوا وَفِي الْفِعْلِ اسْتِطَاعَةٌ لِأَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ يُكَلَّفُ. وَأَمَّا النَّهْيُ فَالتَّرْكُ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِتَكْلِيفِ شَيْءٍ يَحْدُثُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ يُكَفُّ عَنْهُ","vol":"1","page":176},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-13>دَلِيلُ الْخِطَابِ</span>\n٣٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: كُلَّمَا قِيلَ فِي شَيْءٍ بِصِفَةٍ وَالشَّيْءُ يَجْمَعُ صِفَتَيْنِ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ صِفَةِ كَذَا فَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ غَيْرِ تِلْكَ الصِّفَةِ مِنْ صِفَتَيْهِ.\n\n٣٠٣ - وَذَكَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ كَذَا.","vol":"1","page":178},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-14>بَيَانُ النَّاسِخِ وَالْمَنْسُوخِ</span>\n٣٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَالنَّاسِخُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ الْأَمْرُ يُنْزِلُهُ اللَّهُ ﵎ بَعْدَ الْأَمْرِ يُخَالِفُهُ كَمَا حَوَّلَ الْقِبْلَةَ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ\n\n٣٠٥ - وَكُلُّ مَنْسُوخٍ يَكُونُ حَقًّا مَا لَمْ يُنْسَخْ فَإِذَا نُسِخَ كَانَ الْحَقُّ فِي نَاسِخِهِ\n\n٣٠٦ - وَلَا يَنْسَخُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا كِتَابُهُ،\n\n٣٠٧ - وَهَكَذَا سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَنْسَخُهَا إِلَّا سُنَّةٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٣٠٨ - وَذَكَرَ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿يَمْحُو اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيُثْبِتُ﴾ [الرعد: ٣٩] قَالَ: قِيلَ: يَمْحُو فَرْضَ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيُثْبِتُ فَرْضَ مَا يَشَاءُ.\n\n٣٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٣١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَى النَّاسِخِ وَالْمَنْسُوخِ إِلَّا بِخَبَرٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْ بِوَقْتٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا بَعْدَ الْآخَرِ، فَيُعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْآخَرَ هُوَ النَّاسِخُ، أَوْ بِقَوْلِ مَنْ سَمِعَ الْحَدِيثَ أَوِ الْعَامَّةِ","vol":"1","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-15>اخْتِلَافُ الْأَحَادِيثِ</span>\n٣١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: كُلَّمَا احْتَمَلَ حَدِيثَانِ أَنْ يُسْتَعْمَلَا مَعًا اسْتُعْمِلَا مَعًا وَلَمْ يُعَطَّلْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ، فَإِذَا لَمْ يَحْتَمِلِ الْحَدِيثَانِ إِلَّا الِاخْتِلَافَ فَلِلِاخْتِلَافِ فِيهِمَا وَجْهَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنْ يَكُونَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَاسِخًا وَالْآخَرُ مَنْسُوخًا فَيُعْمَلُ بِالنَّاسِخِ وَيُتْرَكُ الْمَنْسُوخُ ⦗١٨١⦘، وَالْآخَرُ: أَنْ يَخْتَلِفَا وَلَا دَلَالَةَ عَلَى أَيِّهِمَا نَاسِخٌ وَلَا أَيِّهِمَا مَنْسُوخٌ فَلَا نَذْهَبُ إِلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا دُونَ غَيْرِهِ إِلَّا بِسَبَبٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِيَ ذَهَبْنَا إِلَيْهِ أَقْوَى مِنَ الَّذِي تَرَكْنَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَحَدُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ أَثْبَتَ مِنَ الْآخَرِ فَنَذْهَبُ إِلَى الْأَثْبَتِ، أَوْ يَكُونُ أَشْبَهَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ أَوْ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فِيمَا سِوَى مَا اخْتَلَفَا فِيهِ الْحَدِيثَانِ مِنْ سُنَّتِهِ أَوْ أَوْلَى بِمَا يَعْرِفُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ أَوْ أَصَحُّ فِي الْقِيَاسِ، أَوِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْأَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٣١٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَجِمَاعُ هَذَا أَنَّهُ لَا يُقْبَلُ إِلَّا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ كَمَا لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنَ الشُّهُودِ إِلَّا مَنْ عُرِفَ عَدْلُهُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْحَدِيثُ مَجْهُولًا أَوْ مَرْغُوبًا عَمَّنْ حَمَلَهُ كَانَ كَمَا لَمْ يَأْتِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ.\n\n٣١٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ وَمِمَّا يَجِبُ مَعْرِفَتُهُ عَلَى مَنْ نَظَرَ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ أَنْ يَعْرِفَ أَنَّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيَّ، وَأَبَا الْحُسَيْنِ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ الْحَجَّاجِ النَّيْسَابُورِيَّ رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ قَدْ صَنَّفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا كِتَابًا يَجْمَعُ أَحَادِيثَ كُلُّهَا صِحَاحٌ.\n\n٣١٤ - وَقَدْ بَقِيَتْ أَحَادِيثُ صِحَاحٌ لَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهَا لِنُزُولِهَا عِنْدَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَنِ الدَّرَجَةِ الَّتِي رَسَمَاهَا فِي كِتَابَيْهِمَا فِي الصِّحَّةِ وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ بَعْضَهَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ وَبَعْضُهَا أَبُو عِيسَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَبَعْضَهَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ النَّسَائِيُّ وَبَعْضَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ ﵏، وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَلَى مَا أَدَّى إِلَيْهِ اجْتِهَادُهُ ⦗١٨٢⦘.\n\n٣١٥ - وَالْأَحَادِيثُ الْمَرْوِيَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَنْوَاعٍ فَمِنْهَا: مَا قَدِ اتَّفَقَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى صِحَّتِهِ، فَذَاكَ الَّذِي لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَتَوَسَّعَ فِي خِلَافِهِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَنْسُوخًا، وَمِنْهَا مَا قَدِ اتَّفَقُوا عَلَى ضَعْفِهِ فَذَاكَ الَّذِي لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَعْتَمِدَ عَلَيْهِ، وَمِنْهَا: مَا قَدِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي ثُبُوتِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُضَعِّفُهُ بِجُرْحٍ ظَهَرَ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْضِ رُوَاتِهِ خَفِيَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَقِفْ مِنْ حَالِهِ عَلَى مَا يُوجِبُ قَبُولَ خَبَرِهِ، وَقَدْ وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُهُ أَوِ الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي يَجْرَحُهُ بِهِ لَا يَرَاهُ غَيْرُهُ جُرْحًا، أَوْ وَقَفَ عَلَى انْقِطَاعِهِ أَوِ انْقِطَاعِ بَعْضِ أَلْفَاظِهِ، أَوْ إِدْرَاجِ بَعْضِ رُوَاتِهِ قَوْلَ رُوَاتِهِ فِي مَتْنِهِ، أَوْ دُخُولِ إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثٍ فِي حَدِيثٍ خَفِيَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ.\n\n٣١٦ - فَهَذَا الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ بَعْدَهُمْ أَنْ يَنْظُرُوا فِي اخْتِلَافِهِمْ وَيَجْتَهِدُوا فِي مَعْرِفَةِ مَعَانِيهِمْ فِي الْقَبُولِ وَالرَّدِّ ثُمَّ يَخْتَارُوا مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِهِمْ أَصَحَّهَا. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-16>أَقَاوِيلُ الصَّحَابَةِ ﵃، وَمَا يُقْضَى وَمَا يُفْتَى بِهِ</span>","vol":"1","page":180},{"text":"٣١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: مَا كَانَ الْكِتَابُ أَوِ السُّنَّةُ مَوْجُودَيْنِ فَالْعُذْرُ عَلَى مَنْ سَمِعَهُمَا مَقْطُوعٌ إِلَّا بِاتِّبَاعِهِمَا، فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ صِرْنَا إِلَى أَقَاوِيلِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَوْ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ\n\n٣١٨ - ثُمَّ كَانَ قَوْلُ الْأَئِمَّةِ أَيْ: أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَوْ عُمَرَ أَوْ عُثْمَانَ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَوْ عَلِيٍّ ﵃ - إِذَا صِرْنَا إِلَى التَّقْلِيدِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا وَذَلِكَ إِذَا لَمْ نَجِدْ دَلَالَةً فِي الِاخْتِلَافِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَقْرَبِ الِاخْتِلَافِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ فَنَتَّبِعُ الْقَوْلَ الَّذِي مَعَهُ الدَّلَالَةُ،\n\n٣١٩ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي تَرْجِيحِ قَوْلِ الْأَئِمَّةِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ:\n\n٣٢٠ - فَإِذَا لَمْ يُوجَدْ عَنِ الْأَئِمَّةِ فَأَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الدِّينِ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْأَمَانَةِ أَخَذْنَا بِقَوْلِهِمْ، وَكَانَ اتِّبَاعُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِنَا مِنَ اتِّبَاعِ مَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ ⦗١٨٤⦘.\n\n٣٢١ - قَالَ: وَالْعِلْمُ طَبَقَاتٌ: الْأُولَى: الْكِتَابُ وَالسُّنَّةُ إِذَا ثَبَتَتِ السُّنَّةُ، ثُمَّ الثَّانِيَةُ: الْإِجْمَاعُ فِيمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ كِتَابٌ وَلَا سُنَّةٌ، وَالثَّالِثَةُ: أَنْ يَقُولَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَا نَعْلَمُ لَهُ مُخَالِفًا مِنْهُمْ، وَالرَّابِعَةُ: اخْتِلَافُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالْخَامِسَةُ: الْقِيَاسُ عَلَى بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الطَّبَقَاتِ.\n\n٣٢٢ - وَلَا يُصَارُ إِلَى شَيْءٍ غَيْرِ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، وَهُمَا مَوْجُودَانِ وَإِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ الْعِلْمُ مِنْ أَعْلَى.\n\n٣٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ أَدَبِ الْقَاضِي: وَغَيْرِ جَائِزٍ لَهُ أَنْ يُقَلِّدَ وَاحِدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ دَهْرِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَبْيَنَ فَضْلًا فِي الْعَقْلِ وَالْعِلْمِ مِنْهُ، وَلَا يَقْضِي أَبَدًا إِلَّا بِمَا يَعْرِفُ\n\n٣٢٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ:\n\n٣٢٥ - وَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ لَهُ عُلَمَاءٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ زَمَانِهِ أَوِ افْتَرَقُوا فَسَوَاءٌ لَا يَقْبَلُهُ إِلَّا تَقْلِيدًا لِغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ كِتَابٍ أَوْ سُنَّةٍ أَوْ إِجْمَاعٍ أَوْ قِيَاسٍ يُدِلُّونَهُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَعْقِلَهُ كَمَا عَقَلُوهُ،\n\n٣٢٦ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَصَحُّ الْقَوْلَيْنِ عَلَى التَّقْلِيدِ أَوِ الْقِيَاسِ ⦗١٨٥⦘.\n\n٣٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مَوْعِظَتِهِ: «أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَبْدًا حَبَشِيًّا، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَعِشْ مِنْكُمْ فَسَيَرَى اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِسُنَّتِي وَسُنَّةِ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ، فَتَمَسَّكُوا بِهَا وَعَضُّوا عَلَيْهَا بِالنَّوَاجِذِ، وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحْدَثَاتِ الْأُمُورِ؛ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ مُحْدَثَةٍ بِدْعَةٌ وَكُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ»\n\n٣٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ نَظَرَ فِي قُلُوبِ الْعِبَادِ فَاخْتَارَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ، فَبَعَثَهُ بِرِسَالَتِهِ وَانْتَخَبَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ ثُمَّ نَظَرَ فِي قُلُوبِ النَّاسِ بَعْدَهُ فَاخْتَارَ لَهُ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَجَعَلَهُمْ أَنْصَارَ دِينِهِ وَوُزَرَاءَ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، فَمَا رَآهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَسَنًا فَهُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ حَسَنٌ وَمَا رَأَوْهُ قَبِيحًا فَهُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ قَبِيحٌ»","vol":"1","page":183},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-17>ذَمُّ الِاقْتِدَاءِ بِمَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِالِاقْتِدَاءِ بِهِ، وَذَمُّ الْقِيَاسِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهِ</span>","vol":"1","page":186},{"text":"٣٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْإِسْفِرَائِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سِنَانِ بْنِ أَبِي سِنَانٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ قَالَ: مَرَرْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِشَجَرَةٍ يُعَلِّقُ بِهَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهَا ذَاتُ أَنْوَاطٍ فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اجْعَلْ لَنَا ذَاتَ أَنْوَاطٍ كَمَا لَهُمْ ذَاتُ أَنْوَاطٍ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" هَذَا كَمَا قَالَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ: اجْعَلْ لَنَا إِلَهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ،","vol":"1","page":186},{"text":"٣٣٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ يُحَدِّثُ فِي مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَتَرْكَبُنَّ سُنَّةَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ حُلْوَهَا وَمُرَّهَا» هَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ.\n\n٣٣١ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ مَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَتَتَّبِعُنَّ سُنَنَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ شِبْرًا بِشِبْرٍ وَذِرَاعًا بِذِرَاعٍ حَتَّى لَوْ دَخَلُوا فِي ⦗١٨٧⦘ جُحْرِ ضَبٍّ لَاتَّبَعْتُمُوهُمْ» قَالَ: قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى؟ قَالَ: «فَمَنْ».\n\n٣٣٢ - وَثَبَتَ مَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَارِسُ وَالرُّومُ»","vol":"1","page":186},{"text":"٣٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْمُؤَمَّلِ وَالْمَخْزُومِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَيْصِنٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَمْ يَزَلْ أَمْرُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مُسْتَقِيمًا حَتَّى حَدَّثَ فِيهِمُ الْمُوَلَّدُونَ أَبْنَاءُ سَبَايَا الْأُمَمِ فَقَالُوا فِيهِمْ بِالرَّأْيِ فَضَلُّوا وَأَضَلُّوا».\n\n٣٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا عَنْ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ذَلِكَ ⦗١٨٨⦘.\n\n٣٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٣٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ زِيَادٍ الْفَقِيهَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْمَيْمُونِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَنِ الْقِيَاسِ فَقَالَ: عِنْدَ الضَّرُورَاتِ.","vol":"1","page":187},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-18>بَابُ مَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى صِحَّةِ اعْتِقَادِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِي أُصُولِ الدِّينِ سِوَى مَا مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي أُصُولِ الْفِقْهِ</span>","vol":"1","page":189},{"text":"٣٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ - أَوْ أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَأَنْ يَلْقَى اللَّهُ الْعَبْدَ بِكُلِّ ذَنْبٍ مَا خَلَا الشِّرْكَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَلْقَاهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْهَوَى","vol":"1","page":189},{"text":"٣٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ، أَبِي يَحْيَى السَّاجِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: لَأَنْ يَلْقَى اللَّهُ الْعَبْدَ بِكُلِّ ذَنْبٍ مَا خَلَا الشِّرْكَ بِاللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَلْقَاهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَهْوَاءِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى قَوْمًا يَتَجَادَلُونَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ. فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ الْمَشِيئَةُ لَهُ دُونَ خَلْقِهِ، وَالْمَشِيئَةُ إِرَادَةُ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ﴾ فَأَعْلَمَ خَلْقَهُ أَنَّ الْمَشِيئَةَ لَهُ، وَكَانَ يُثْبِتُ الْقَدَرَ.","vol":"1","page":189},{"text":"٣٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْعَطَّارُ بِمِصْرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنِ الْقَدَرِ، فَأَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ:\n[البحر المتقارب]\n\nوَمَا شِئْتَ كَانَ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَشَأْ ... وَمَا شِئْتُ إِنْ لَمْ يَشَأْ لَمْ يَكُنْ\nخَلَقْتَ الْعِبَادَ عَلَى مَا عَلِمْتَ ... فَفِي الْعِلْمِ يَجْرِي الْفَتَى وَالْمُسِنْ\nعَلَى ذَا مَنَنْتَ وَهَذَا خَذَلْتَ ... وَهَذَا أَعَنْتَ وَذَا لَمْ تُعِنْ\nفَمِنْهُمْ شَقِيٌّ وَمِنْهُمْ سَعِيدٌ ... ومِنْهُمْ قَبِيحٌ وَمِنْهُمْ حَسَنْ","vol":"1","page":190},{"text":"٣٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاسْمٍ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فَحَنِثَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ؛ لِأَنَّ اسْمَ اللَّهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ، وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِالْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ بِالصَّفَا أَوْ بِالْمَرْوَةِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَخْلُوقٌ.","vol":"1","page":190},{"text":"٣٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ بِاسْمٍ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ فَحَنِثَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ، وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِشَيْءٍ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَحَنِثَ فَلَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ.","vol":"1","page":190},{"text":"٣٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ ⦗١٩١⦘: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنَّ قَالَ: وَحَقِّ اللَّهِ، وَعَظَمَةِ اللَّهِ، وَجَلَالِ اللَّهِ، وَقُدْرَةِ اللَّهِ يُرِيدُ بِهَذَا كُلِّهِ الْيَمِينَ أَوْ لَا نِيَّةَ لَهُ فَهِيَ يَمِينٌ، وَإِنْ قَالَ: لَعَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الْيَمِينَ فَهِيَ يَمِينٌ","vol":"1","page":190},{"text":"٣٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مَحْمُودٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ: أَنَّ حَفْصًا الْفَرْدَ نَاظَرَ الشَّافِعِيَّ فَقَالَ حَفْصٌ: الْقُرْآنُ مَخْلُوقٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَفَرْتَ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ، قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: وَلَقِيَنِي حَفْصٌ فَقَالَ: مَا أَرَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلَّا قَتْلِي","vol":"1","page":191},{"text":"٣٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مُحَمَّدِ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ صَاحِبٍ الشَّاشِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ - وَهُوَ يُسْأَلُ عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ - فَقَالَ: أُفٍّ ثُمَّ أُفٍّ مَنْ قَالَ إِنَّهُ مَخْلُوقٌ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ.\n\n٣٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكُلُّ مَنْ لَمْ يَقُلْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا بِتَكْفِيرِ أَهْلِ الْأَهْوَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ فَإِنَّهُ يَحْمِلُ قَوْلَ السَّلَفِ ﵃ فِي تَكْفِيرِهِمْ عَلَى كُفْرٍ دُونَ كُفْرٍ. كَمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٤] يَعْنِي: كُفْرًا دُونَ كُفْرٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":191},{"text":"٣٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ: أَبَا مُحَمَّدِ بْنَ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ الْمَعْرُوفَ بِابْنِ بَحْرٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ هُرْمُزَ الْقُرَشِيَّ يَقُولُ ⦗١٩٢⦘: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿\" كَلَّا إِنَّهُمْ عَنْ رَبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمَحْجُوبُونَ﴾ [المطففين: ١٥] قَالَ: لَمَّا حَجَبَهُمْ فِي السُّخْطِ كَانَ فِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ يَرَوْنَهُ فِي الرِّضَا\n\n٣٤٧ - قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو النَّجْمِ الْقَزْوِينِيُّ: يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَعْنِي الْمُزَنِيَّ، بِهِ تَقُولُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَبِهِ أَدِينُ اللَّهَ. قَالَ: فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عِصَامٌ فَقَبَّلَ رَأْسَهُ، وَقَالَ: يَا سَيِّدَ الشَّافِعِيِّينَ، الْيَوْمَ بَيَّضْتَ وُجُوهَنَا.\n\n٣٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِأَنَّ الْمُزَنِيَّ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ كَانَ لَا يَخُوضُ فِي الْكَلَامِ. وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ بِأَسَانِيدَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْقُرْآنُ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ","vol":"1","page":191},{"text":"٣٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الْحَافِظُ بَأَسَدَابَاذَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يُوسُفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَحَدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: الْإِيمَانُ قَوْلٌ وَعَمَلٌ يَزِيدُ وَيَنْقُصُ.","vol":"1","page":192},{"text":"٣٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ فَنْجَوَيْهِ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ظَفْرَانُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْمَيْمُونِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عُثْمَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ لَيْلَةً لِلْحُمَيْدِيِّ: مَا يُحْتَجُّ عَلَيْهِمْ - يَعْنِي: عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِرْجَاءِ - بِآيَةٍ أَحَجَّ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ﴾ [البينة: ٥]","vol":"1","page":192},{"text":"٣٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ ⦗١٩٣⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ابْنُ أَخِي عِيسَى بْنِ حَمَّادٍ زُغْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: أَفْضَلُ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ وَعَلِيٌّ","vol":"1","page":192},{"text":"٣٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ يَعْنِي دَاوُدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُرَيْحٍ الْفَتَّالُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَجَبِيَّ يَقُولُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: مَا رَأَيْتُ هَاشِمِيًّا يُفَضِّلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ابْنُ عَمِّي وَابْنُ خَالِي وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ وَأَنْتَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ وَلَوْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ مَكْرُمَةً لَكُنْتُ أَوْلَى بِهَا مِنْكَ وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا تَحْسِبُ. كَذَا قَالَ: ابْنُ خَالِي، وَالصَّوَابُ: ابْنُ خَالَتِي - يَعْنِي: ابْنَ خَالَةِ جَدِّهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ","vol":"1","page":193},{"text":"٣٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الطَّيِّبٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى السَّاجِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: أَجْمَعَ النَّاسُ عَلَى خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَاسْتَخْلَفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عُمَرَ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ عُمَرُ الشُّورَى إِلَى سِتَّةٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُوَلُّوهَا وَاحِدًا، فَوَلَّوْهَا عُثْمَانَ\n\n٣٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ اضْطُرَّ النَّاسُ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا تَحْتَ أَدِيمِ السَّمَاءِ خَيْرًا مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فَوَلَّوْهُ رِقَابَهُمْ ⦗١٩٤⦘.","vol":"1","page":193},{"text":"٣٥٥ - كَذَا رَوَاهُ شَيْخُنَا مُدْرَجًا وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى السَّاجِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: اضْطُرَّ النَّاسُ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا تَحْتَ أَدِيمِ السَّمَاءِ خَيْرًا مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ اسْتَعْمَلُوهُ عَلَى رِقَابِ النَّاسِ\n\n٣٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْكِنْدِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّاجِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ.","vol":"1","page":194},{"text":"٣٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الطَّائِفِيُّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: وَلِيَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ خَيْرُ خَلِيفَةِ اللَّهِ أَرْحَمُهُ بِنَا وَأَحْنَاهُ عَلَيْنَا","vol":"1","page":194},{"text":"٣٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنْ رَجَعْتُ فَلَمْ أَجِدْكَ - تَعْنِي الْمَوْتَ - قَالَ:  «فَأْتِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ.","vol":"1","page":194},{"text":"٣٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أَنْزِعُ عَلَى بِئْرٍ أَسْتَسْقِي» - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَعْنِي فِي النَّوْمِ وَرُؤْيَا الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَحْيٌ - قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَجَاءَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ فَنَزَعَ ذَنُوبًا أَوْ ذَنُوبَيْنِ وَفِيهِمَا ضَعْفٌ وَاللَّهُ يَغْفِرُ لَهُ ثُمَّ جَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَنَزَعَ حَتَّى اسْتَحَالَتْ فِي يَدِهِ غَرْبًا فَضَرَبَ النَّاسُ بِعَطَنٍ فَلَمْ أَرَ عَبْقَرِيًّا يَفْرِي فَرِيَّهُ» - وَزَادَ مُسْلِمٌ -: «فَأَرْوَى الظَّمِيئَةَ وَضَرَبَ النَّاسُ بِعَطَنٍ»\n\n٣٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَوْلُهُ: «وَفِي نَزْعِهِ ضَعْفٌ» قِصَرُ مُدَّتِهِ وَعَجَلَةُ مَوْتِهِ وَشُغْلُهُ بِالْحَرْبِ لِأَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، عَنِ الِافْتِتَاحِ وَالتَّزَيُّدِ الَّذِي بَلَغَهُ عُمَرُ فِي طُولِ مُدَّتِهِ.\n\n٣٦١ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحَدِيثُ الْآخَرِينَ انْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: «يَفْرِي فَرِيَّهُ»","vol":"1","page":195},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-19>بَابٌ مَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى اجْتِهَادِهِ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ ﷿</span>","vol":"1","page":196},{"text":"٣٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الصَّفَّارُ الْهَرَوِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ الْعُكْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ جَزَّأَ اللَّيْلَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ: الْأَوَّلُ: يَكْتُبُ، وَالثَّانِي: يُصَلِّي، وَالثَّالِثُ: يَنَامُ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّاجِيُّ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ.","vol":"1","page":196},{"text":"٣٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ قَالَا: سَمِعْنَا الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: كَانَ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثُونَ خَتْمَةً وَفِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ سِتُّونَ خَتْمَةً سِوَى مَا يَقْرَأُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ.\n\n٣٦٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ","vol":"1","page":196},{"text":"٣٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ رَشِيقٍ إِجَازَةً قَالَ: ذَكَرَ زَكَرِيَّا السَّاجِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ قَالَ: بِتُّ مَعَ الشَّافِعِيِّ فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي نَحْوَ ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ يَزِيدُ عَلَى خَمْسِينَ آيَةً فَإِذَا أَكْثَرَ فَمِائَةٌ وَكَانَ لَا يَمُرُّ بِآيَةِ رَحْمَةٍ إِلَّا سَأَلَ اللَّهَ لِنَفْسِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَجْمَعِينَ وَلَا يَمُرُّ بِآيَةِ عَذَابٍ إِلَّا تَعَوَّذَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْهُ وَسَأَلَ النَّجَاةَ لِنَفْسِهِ وَلِجَمِيعِ ⦗١٩٧⦘ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَكَأَنَّمَا جَمَعَ لَهُ الرَّجَاءَ وَالرَّهْبَةَ مَعًا. وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ يَحْيَى.\n\n٣٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْحِكَايَاتُ فِي مَعْرِفَتِهِ بِالْقُرْآنِ وَحُسْنِ قِرَاءَتِهِ، وَجَمِيلِ سِيرَتِهِ وَمَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ سَخَاوَتِهِ وَشِدَّةِ وَرَعِهِ وَزُهْدِهِ فِي دُنْيَاهُ وَطَلَبِ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فِي أُخْرَاهُ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَهِيَ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ مُدَوَّنَةٌ مَكْتُوبَةٌ. وَاللَّهُ يَغْفِرُ لَنَا وَلَهُ","vol":"1","page":196},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-20>بَابُ شَهَادَةِ الْأَئِمَّةِ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ بِالتَّقَدُّمِ وَالْإِمَامَةِ وَمُتَابَعَةِ السُّنَّةِ</span>\n٣٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأُمَوِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَنَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ وَكَانَ يُعْجِبُهُ قِرَاءَتِي، قَالَ أَبِي: لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ فَصِيحًا.","vol":"1","page":198},{"text":"٣٦٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُوَيْدَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ بِمَكَّةَ فَجَاءَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَسَلَّمَ وَجَلَسَ فَرَوَى ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، حَدِيثًا رَقِيقًا، فَغُشِيَ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ فَقِيلَ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ مَاتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: إِنْ كَانَ مَاتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ فَقَدْ مَاتَ أَفْضَلُ أَهْلِ زَمَانِهِ.\n\n٣٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا جَاءَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنَ التَّفْسِيرِ وَالْفُتْيَا يَسْأَلُ عَنْهَا الْتَفَتَ إِلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ وَقَالَ: سَلُوا هَذَا","vol":"1","page":198},{"text":"٣٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ بِالطَّابَرَانِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ ⦗١٩٩⦘:\n\n٣٧١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ خَالِدٍ يَقُولُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ أَفْتِ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقَدْ آنَ لَكَ أَنْ تُفْتِيَ قَالَ وَكَانَ ابْنَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً","vol":"1","page":198},{"text":"٣٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ سُرَيْجٍ النَّقَّالَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: أَنَا أَدْعُو اللَّهَ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ أَخُصُّهُ بِهِ","vol":"1","page":199},{"text":"٣٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ دَعْلَجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ السَّامَانِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ جَعْفَرَ ابْنَ أَخِي أَبِي ثَوْرٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَمِّي يَقُولُ: كَتَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ إِلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ وَهُوَ شَابٌّ أَنْ يَضَعَ لَهُ كِتَابًا فِيهِ مَعَانِي الْقُرْآنِ وَيَجْمَعُ قَبُولَ الْأَخْبَارِ فِيهِ وَحُجَّةَ الْإِجْمَاعِ وَبَيَانَ النَّاسِخِ وَالْمَنْسُوخِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَالسُّنَّةِ فَوَضَعَ لَهُ كِتَابَ الرِّسَالَةِ.\n\n٣٧٤ - قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ: مَا أُصَلِّي صَلَاةً إِلَّا وَأَدْعُو لِلشَّافِعِيِّ فِيهَا","vol":"1","page":199},{"text":"٣٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبُوشَنْجِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: الشَّافِعِيُّ إِمَامٌ","vol":"1","page":199},{"text":"٣٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَنْصُورَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَقِيهَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنَ زَكَرِيَّا، يَقُولَانِ: سَمِعْنَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ فَضَالَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيَّ الثِّقَةَ الْمَأْمُونَ يَقُولُ ⦗٢٠٠⦘: سَمِعْتُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنَ رَاهَوَيْهِ يَقُولُ: الشَّافِعِيُّ إِمَامٌ","vol":"1","page":199},{"text":"٣٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا السَّاجِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي دَاوُدُ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنَ رَاهَوَيْهِ يَقُولُ: لَقِيَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ بِمَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ: تَعَالَ حَتَّى أُرِيكَ رَجُلًا لَمْ تَرَ عَيْنَاكَ مِثْلَهُ، فَجَاءَ فَأَقَامَنِي عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"1","page":200},{"text":"٣٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْمُؤَمَّلِ عَبَّاسُ بْنُ أَبِي الْفَضْلِ بِأَرْسُوفَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَوْفٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فَيْلَسُوفٌ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: فِي اللُّغَةِ، وَاخْتِلَافِ النَّاسِ، وَالْمَعَانِي، وَالْفِقْهِ","vol":"1","page":200},{"text":"٣٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْمَيْمُونِيَّ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: مَا لَكَ لَا تَنْظُرُ فِي كُتُبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فَمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ وَضَعَ الْكُتُبَ حَتَّى ظَهَرَتْ أَتْبَعُ لِلسُّنَّةِ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"1","page":200},{"text":"٣٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْكِنْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّاجِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخُوَارِزْمِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الْمَازِنِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَصْمَعِيَّ يَقُولُ: قَرَأْتُ شِعْرَ الشَّنْفَرَى عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ بِمَكَّةَ ⦗٢٠١⦘ قَالَ زَكَرِيَّا: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلرِّيَاشِيِّ فَقَالَ: مَا أُنْكِرُهُ، قَرَأْتُهَا عَلَى الْأَصْمَعِيِّ، فَقَالَ: أَنْشَدَنِيهَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ","vol":"1","page":200},{"text":"٣٨١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْقَرَاطِيسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنُ أَخِي الْأَصْمَعِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَمِّي: يَا عَمَّاهُ، عَلَى مَنْ قَرَأْتَ شِعْرَ هُذَيْلٍ، فَقَالَ: عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ آلِ الْمُطَّلِبِ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ","vol":"1","page":201},{"text":"٣٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْقَزْوِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْمُوَطَّأَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيِّ لِأَنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِيهِ ثَبْتًا، وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ جَمَاعَةٍ قَبْلَهُ","vol":"1","page":201},{"text":"٣٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيَّ يَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَفْضَلَ وَلَا أَكْرَمَ وَلَا أَسْخَى وَلَا أَتْقَى وَلَا أَعْلَمَ مِنْهُ","vol":"1","page":201},{"text":"٣٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ رَشِيقٍ إِجَازَةً قَالَ: ذَكَرَ زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ سَلَّامٍ يَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا أَعْقَلَ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ.\n\n٣٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: حِكَايَاتُ السَّلَفِ وَالْخَلَفِ فِي فَضَائِلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ وَمَنَاقِبِهِ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَهَذَا الْمَوْضِعُ لَا يَحْتَمِلُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"1","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-21>بَابُ ذِكْرِ مَوْلِدِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَتَارِيخِ وَفَاتِهِ وَمِقْدَارِ سِنِّهِ وَبَيَانِ نَسَبِهِ وَشَرَفِ أَصْلِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الِاخْتِصَارِ</span>","vol":"1","page":202},{"text":"٣٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَوْهِبِيُّ ابْنُ أَخِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: وُلِدْتُ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَخَافَتْ عَلَيَّ أُمِّي الضَّيْعَةَ وَقَالَتِ: الْحَقْ بِأَهْلِكَ فَتَكُنْ مِثْلَهُمْ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ تُغْلَبَ عَلَى نَسَبِكَ، فَجَهَّزَتْنِي إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَقَدِمْتُهَا وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنُ عَشْرٍ أَوْ شَبِيهًا بِذَلِكَ، فَصِرْتُ إِلَى نَسِيبٍ لِي، وَجَعَلْتُ أَطْلُبُ الْعِلْمَ فَيَقُولُ: لَا تَشْتَغِلْ بِهَذَا، وَأَقْبِلْ عَلَى مَا يَنْفَعُكَ، فَجَعَلْتُ لَذَّتِي فِي الْعِلْمِ وَطَلَبِهِ حَتَّى رَزَقَنِي اللَّهُ مِنْهُ مَا رَزَقَ","vol":"1","page":202},{"text":"٣٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: وُلِدْتُ بِغَزَّةَ وَحَمَلَتْنِي أُمِّي إِلَى عَسْقَلَانَ. قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ يَقُولُ:\n\n٣٨٨ - مَاتَ الشَّافِعِيُّ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةٍ","vol":"1","page":202},{"text":"٣٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ يَقُولُ ⦗٢٠٣⦘: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُرَادِيَّ يَقُولُ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَصْحَابِنَا فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّهُمْ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ، فَقَالَ لِيَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا نَاظَرْتُ أَحَدًا قَطُّ عَلَى الْغَلَبَةِ وَبِوُدِّي أَنَّ جَمِيعَ الْخَلْقِ تَعَلَّمُوا هَذَا الْكِتَابَ - يَعْنِي كُتُبَهُ - عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُنْسَبَ إِلَيَّ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ. قَالَ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ، وَمَاتَ هُوَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ، وَانْصَرَفْنَا مِنْ جِنَازَتِهِ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَرَأَيْنَا هِلَالَ شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ.\n\n٣٩٠ - قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ الرَّبِيعُ عَنْ سِنِّ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَقَالَ: نَيْفٌ وَخَمْسُونَ سَنَةً. كَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَقِيلَ: مَاتَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ.\n\n٣٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ شَافِعِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ قُصَيِّ بْنِ كِلَابِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبِ بْنِ فِهْرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ مُدْرِكَةَ بْنِ إِلْيَاسَ بْنِ مُضَرِ بْنِ نِزَارِ بْنِ مَعْدِ بْنِ عَدْنَانَ بْنِ الْهَمَيْسَعِ.\n\n٣٩٢ - ابْنِ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٣٩٣ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَحَدَّثَنِي الْفَضْلُ بْنُ أَبِي نَصْرٍ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ هَذَا النَّسَبَ بِعَيْنِهِ بِمِصْرَ فِي مَقَابِرِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ فِي الْحَجَرِ الْمَنْقُورِ، مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَى قَبْرِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: ابْنِ عَدْنَانَ بْنِ أَدِّ بْنِ أُدَدَ بْنِ الْهَمَيْسَعِ بْنِ بِنْتِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلِ الرَّحْمَنِ.\n\n٣٩٤ - كُنْيَتُهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n٣٩٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ ⦗٢٠٤⦘: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى قَبْرِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيِّ بِمِصْرَ عَلَى لَوْحَيْنِ مِنْ حِجَارَةٍ، أَحَدِهِمَا عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، وَالْآخَرِ عِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهِ نِسْبَتَهُ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا رَأَى مَكْتُوبًا عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الشَّهَادَةِ وَتَارِيخَ الْوَفَاةِ.\n\n٣٩٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ التَّارِيخِ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْقُرَشِيُّ سَكَنَ مِصْرَ مَاتَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ: حِجَازِيٌّ.\n\n٣٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: نَسَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي قُرَيْشٍ ثُمَّ فِي بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ مَشْهُورٌ وَهُوَ فِي التَّوَارِيخِ وَالْأَشْعَارِ مَذْكُورٌ.\n\n٣٩٨ - وَكَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ يُعْرَفُ بِالْمُطَّلِبِيِّ. وَحِينَ دَخَلَ عَلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ وَابْنُ دَأَبٍ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ دَأَبٍ: هَذَا وَاللَّهِ ابْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنُ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ الَّذِي كَانَ أَبَوَاهُ أَبَوَيْكَ وَأَخَوَاهُ هَاشِمٌ وَعَبْدُ شَمْسٍ يَتَوَسَّطَانِهِ لِشَرَفِهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَضَعُ لَهُ هَذَا رِدَاءَهُ فَيَتَّكِئُ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا أَعْيَا وَضَعَ لَهُ الْآخَرَ رِدَاءَهُ فَاتَّكَأَ عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٣٩٩ - وَلَمَّا أُدْخِلَ عَلَى الرَّشِيدِ فَسَمِعَ كَلَامَهُ قَالَ: أَكْثَرَ اللَّهُ فِي أَهْلِي مِثْلَكَ،\n\n٤٠٠ - وَحِينَ أُخْبِرَ هَارُونُ بِاحْتِجَاجِهِ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ وَقَطْعِهِ إِيَّاهُ فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ - قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا - قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَعَلَّمُوا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَلَا تُعَلِّمُوهَا». فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَقَالَ: مَا يُنْكَرُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ فُلَانًا ⦗٢٠٥⦘،\n\n٤٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مِنْ رَهْطِ الشَّافِعِيِّ عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ السَّائِبِ، وَهُوَ أَخُو شَافِعِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، وَرُكَانَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، وَطَلْحَةَ بْنِ رُكَانَةَ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، وَالْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ - وَهُوَ عَمُّ الشَّافِعِيِّ - وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، وَالسَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُكَانَةَ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُكَانَةَ.\n\n٤٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخِ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَخُوهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ\n\n٤٠٣ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ أَخِي الشَّافِعِيِّ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الشَّافِعِيُّ ابْنِ عَمِّهِ وَأَخُوهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،\n\n٤٠٤ - وَذَكَرَ شَيْخَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ،\n\n٤٠٥ - وَمِنْ جُمْلَتِهِمْ رُكَانَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَالسَّائِبُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ السَّائِبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ صَحَابِيُّونَ،\n\n٤٠٦ - فَرُكَانَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ هُوَ الَّذِي طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَلْبَتَّةَ، فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ.\n\n٤٠٧ - وَالسَّائِبُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ هُوَ الَّذِي أُسِرَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ مَعَ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ: «هَذَا أَخِي، وَأَنَا أَخُوهُ» يَعْنِي السَّائِبَ،\n\n٤٠٨ - وَكَانَ السَّائِبُ يُشَبَّهُ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٤٠٩ - وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ السَّائِبِ هُوَ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ بِمَكَّةَ وَافْتِتَاحَهُ بِسُورَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ⦗٢٠٦⦘.\n\n٤١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ الْحَجَّاجِ يَقُولُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ السَّائِبِ وَالِي مَكَّةَ صَحَابِيٌّ الصَّحِيحُ حَدِيثُهُ وَهُوَ أَخُو الشَّافِعِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ جَدِّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ.\n\n٤١١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَحَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ هَذَا النَّسَبِ الشَّرِيفِ الْمَحَلَّ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى إِلَّا عَلَى جَاهِلٍ،\n\n٤١٢ - وَمِنْ جَدَّاتِ آبَائِهِ جَدَّاتٍ يُنْسَبْنَ إِلَى هَاشِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَلِأُمِّهِ أَيْضًا انْتِسَابٌ إِلَى الْعَلَوِيِّينَ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، فَهُوَ هَاشِمِيُّ الْجَدَّةِ وَالْأُمِّ مُطَّلِبِيُّ الْأَبِ.","vol":"1","page":202},{"text":"٤١٣ - وَرُوِي عَنِ الْجَارُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:\n\n٤١٤ - قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لَا تَسُبُّوا قُرَيْشًا فَإِنَّ عَالِمَهَا يَمْلَأُ الْأَرْضَ عِلْمًا، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ أَذَقْتَ أَوَّلَهَا عَذَابًا وَوَبَالًا فَأَذِقْ آخِرَهَا نَوَالًا» وَهُوَ فِيمَا حَدَّثَنَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حُمَيْدٍ أَوِ ابْنِ مَعْبَدٍ - عَنِ الْجَارُودِ ⦗٢٠٧⦘.\n\n٤١٥ - وَرُوِيَ مَعْنَاهُ فِي عَالِمِ قُرَيْشٍ فِي حَدِيثٍ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n٤١٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٤١٧ - وَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَئِمَّتِنَا عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا الْعَالِمَ الَّذِي يَمْلَأُ الْأَرْضَ عِلْمًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ هُوَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَقَالَهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ الْإِسْتَرَابَاذِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا.\n\n٤١٨ - وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: «فَإِنَّ عَالِمَهَا يَمْلَأُ الْأَرْضَ عِلْمًا» كُلَّ مَنْ كَانَ عَالِمًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَدْ وَجَدْنَا جَمَاعَةً مِنْهُمْ كَانُوا عُلَمَاءَ، وَلَمْ يَنْتَشِرْ عِلْمُهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بَعْضَهُمْ دُونَ بَعْضٍ.\n\n٤١٩ - فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ كُلَّ مَنْ ظَهَرَ عِلْمُهُ، وَانْتَشَرَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ذِكْرُهُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَالشَّافِعِيُّ مِمَّنْ ظَهَرَ عِلْمُهُ، وَانْتَشَرَ ذِكْرُهُ، فَهُوَ فِي جُمْلَةِ الدَّاخِلِينَ فِي الْخَبَرِ،\n\n٤٢٠ - وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ زِيَادَةَ ظُهُورٍ وَانْتِشَارٍ، فَلَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَحَقَّ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَهُوَ الَّذِي صَنَّفَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ قُرَيْشٍ فِي الْأُصُولِ وَالْفُرُوعِ، وَدُوِّنَتْ كُتُبُهُ، وَحُفِظَتْ أَقَاوِيلُهُ، وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُهُ، وَانْتَشَرَ ذِكْرُهُ حَتَّى انْتَفَعَ بِعِلْمِهِ رَاغِبُونَ، وَأَفْتَى بِمَذْهَبِهِ عَالِمُونَ، وَحَكَمَ بِحُكْمِهِ حَاكِمُونَ، وَقَامَ بِنُصْرَةِ قَوْلِهِ نَاصِرُونَ، حِينَ وَجَدُوهُ فِيمَا قَالَ مُصِيبًا، وَبِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ مُتَمَسِّكًا، وَلِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ مُتَّبِعًا، وَبِآثَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ مُقْتَدِيًا، وَبِمَا دَلُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَعَانِي مُهْتَدِيًا، فَهُوَ الَّذِي مَلَأَ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عِلْمًا، وَيَزْدَادُ عَلَى مَمَرِّ الْأَيَّامِ تَبَعًا، فَهُوَ إِذًا ⦗٢٠٨⦘ أَوْلَاهُمْ بِتَأْوِيلِ هَذَا الْخَبَرِ وَدُخُولِهِ فِيمَا يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْأَئِمَّةُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، قَدِّمُوا قُرَيْشًا وَلَا تَقَدَّمُوهَا، وَتَعَلَّمُوا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَلَا تَعَلَّمُوهَا» وَقَوْلُهُ: «الْفِقْهُ يَمَانٍ وَالْحِكْمَةُ يَمَانِيَّةٌ»\n\n٤٢١ - وَمَوْلِدُهُ بِغَزَّةَ وَهِيَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ فَعِدَادُهَا فِي الْيَمَنِ لِنُزُولِ بُطُونِ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِهَا وَمَنْشَؤُهُ بِمَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ وَهُمَا يَمَانِيَّتَانِ.","vol":"1","page":206},{"text":"٤٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَالْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ بِإِخْمِيمَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سَوَّادٍ السَّرْحِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ابْنِ أَخِي حَرْمَلَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ بْنِ حَسَّانَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ شَرَاحِيلَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمَعَافِرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِيمَا أَعْلَمُ عَنْ رَسُولِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَبْعَثُ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ عَلَى رَأْسِ كُلِّ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ مَنْ يُجَدِّدُ لَهَا دِينَهَا».\n\n٤٢٣ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، سَمِعْتُ أَصْحَابَنَا يَقُولُونَ: كَانَ مِنَ الْمِائَةِ الْأُولَى عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ. وَفِي الْمِائَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ.\n\n٤٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْمِائَةِ. وَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْمِائَةِ الْأُخْرَى","vol":"1","page":208},{"text":"٤٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهَ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ شَيْخًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُ لِأَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ سُرَيْجٍ: أَبْشِرْ أَيُّهَا الْقَاضِي، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ بَعَثَ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْمِائَةِ، وَمَنَّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِهِ، فَأَظْهَرَ كُلَّ سُنَّةٍ، وَأَمَاتَ كُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ وَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْمِائَتَيْنِ بِالشَّافِعِيِّ حَتَّى أَظْهَرَ السُّنَّةَ وَأَمَاتَ الْبِدْعَةَ، وَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا عَلَى رَأْسِ الثَّلَاثِمِائَةِ بِكَ حَتَّى قَوَّيْتَ كُلَّ سُنَّةٍ وَضَعَّفْتَ كُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ،\n\n٤٢٦ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ فِي ذَلِكَ:\n[البحر الكامل]\nاثْنَانِ قَدْ مَضَيَا فَبُورِكَ فِيهِمَا ... عُمَرُ الْخَلِيفَةُ ثُمَّ حِلْفُ السُّؤْدَدِ\nالشَّافِعِيُّ الْأَلْمَعِيُّ الْمُرْتَضَى ... إِرْثُ النُّبُوَّةِ وَابْنُ عَمِّ مُحَمَّدِ\n\n٤٢٧ - قَالَ: وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ وَابْنُ عَمِّ مُحَمَّدِ.\n\n٤٢٨ - أَرْجُو أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ أَنَّكَ ثَالِثٌ ... مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ سُقْيًا لِتُرْبَةِ أَحْمَدِ\n\n٤٢٩ - قَالَ: فَبَكَى أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ سُرَيْجٍ حَتَّى عَلَا بُكَاؤُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ نَعَى إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي. قَالَ: فَمَاتَ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ ⦗٢١٠⦘.\n\n٤٣٠ - قَالَ: وَقَرَأْتُهُ بِخَطِّ شَيْخِنَا أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ﵀ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ:\nالشَّافِعِيُّ الْأَلْمَعِيُّ مُحَمَّدٌ ... إِرْثُ النُّبُوَّةِ وَابْنُ عَمِّ مُحَمَّدِ\n\n٤٣١ - وَقَالَ فِي الْبَيْتِ الثَّالِثِ: «أَبْشِرْ» بَدَلَ: «أَرْجُو» ⦗٢١٢⦘.\n\n٤٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَلِوَالِدَيْهِ: هَذِهِ فُصُولٌ قَدَّمْتُهَا فِيمَا انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا مِنْ مَذْهَبِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيِّ - ﵀ - فِي الْأُصُولِ، وَمَا انْتَشَرَ مِنْ شَرَفِ أَصْلِهِ، وَكِبَرِ مَحَلِّهِ فِي أَنْوَاعِ الْعُلُومِ وَلِكُلِّ فَصْلٍ مِنْهَا كِتَابٌ مُشْتَمِلٌ عَلَى مَا قَالَ وَقِيلَ فِيهِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَشَرْتُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ إِلَى مَا يَظْهَرُ مِنْهُ مُرَادِي، وَيَتَّضِحُ بِهِ مَقْصُودِي، وَهُوَ\n\n٤٣٣ - أَنِّي مُنْذُ نَشَأْتُ وَابْتَدَأْتُ فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ أَكْتُبُ أَخْبَارَ سَيِّدِنَا الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ وَعَلَى آلِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ، وَأَجْمَعُ آثَارَ الصَّحَابَةِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَعْلَامَ الدِّينِ، وَأَسْمَعُهَا مِمَّنْ حَمَلَهَا، وَأَتَعَرَّفُ أَحْوَالَ رُوَاتِهَا مِنْ حُفَّاظِهَا، وَأَجْتَهِدُ فِي تَمْيِيزِ صَحِيحِهَا مِنْ سَقِيمِهَا، وَمَرْفُوعِهَا مِنْ مَوْقُوفِهَا، وَمَوْصُولِهَا مِنْ مُرْسَلِهَا،\n\n٤٣٤ - ثُمَّ أَنْظُرُ فِي كُتُبِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَئِمَّةِ الَّذِينَ قَامُوا بِعِلْمِ الشَّرِيعَةِ وَبَنَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَذْهَبَهُ عَلَى مَبْلَغِ عِلْمِهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، فَأَرَى كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ ﵃ جَمِعِيهِمْ قَصَدَ قَصْدَ الْحَقِّ فِيمَا تَكَلَّفَ وَاجْتَهَدَ فِي أَدَاءِ مَا كُلِّفَ، وَقَدْ وَعَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْهُ لِمَنِ اجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ أَجْرَيْنِ وَلِمَنِ اجْتَهَدَ فَأَخْطَأَ أَجْرًا وَاحِدًا، وَلَا يَكُونُ الْأَجْرُ عَلَى الْخَطَأِ وَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ عَلَى مَا تَكَلَّفَ مِنَ الِاجْتِهَادِ، وَيُرْفَعُ عَنْهُ إِثْمُ الْخَطَأِ بِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا كُلِّفَ الِاجْتِهَادَ فِي الْحُكْمِ عَلَى الظَّاهِرِ دُونَ الْبَاطِنِ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ﷿، ⦗٢١٣⦘\n\n٤٣٥ - وَقَدْ نَظَرَ فِي الْقِيَاسِ فَأَدَّاهُ الْقِيَاسُ إِلَى غَيْرِ مَا أَدَّى إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبَهُ كَمَا يُؤَدِّيهِ الِاجْتِهَادُ فِي الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى غَيْرِ مَا يُؤَدِّي إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ، فَلَا يَكُونُ الْمُخْطِئُ مِنْهُمَا عَيْنَ الْمَطْلُوبِ بِالِاجْتِهَادِ مَأْخُوذًا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِالْخَطَأِ، وَيَكُونُ مَأْجُورًا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَا تَكَلَّفَ مِنَ الِاجْتِهَادِ.\n\n٤٣٦ - وَنَحْنُ نَرْجُو أَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ خَالَفَ كِتَابًا نَصًّا وَلَا سُنَّةً قَائِمَةً وَلَا جَمَاعَةً وَلَا قِيَاسًا صَحِيحًا عِنْدَهُ، وَلَكِنْ قَدْ يَجْهَلُ الرَّجُلُ السُّنَّةَ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ قَوْلٌ يُخَالِفُهَا لَا أَنَّهُ عَمَدَ خِلَافَهَا. وَقَدْ يَغْفُلُ الْمَرْءُ وَيُخْطِئُ فِي التَّأْوِيلِ، وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ مَأْخُوذٌ مِنْ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٤٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ كُلَّ مَنْ لَهُ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَئِمَّةِ ﵏ قَوْلٌ يُخَالِفُ سُنَّةً أَوْ أَثَرًا فَلَهُ أَقْوَالٌ تُوَافِقُ سُنَنًا وَآثَارًا، فَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ غَفَلَ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي خَالَفَهُ أَوْ عَنْ مَوْضِعِ الْحُجَّةِ مِنْهُ أَوْ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ لَقَالَ بِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ بِأَمْثَالِهِ.\n\n٤٣٨ - وَقَدْ قَابَلْتُ بِتَوْفِيقِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أَقْوَالَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ بِمَبْلَغِ عِلْمِي مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ثُمَّ بِمَا جَمَعْتُ مِنَ السُّنَنِ وَالْآثَارِ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ وَالنَّوَافِلِ وَالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ وَالْحُدُودِ وَالْأَحْكَامِ، فَوَجَدْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ أَكْثَرَهُمُ اتِّبَاعًا وَأَقْوَاهُمُ احْتِجَاجًا وَأَصَحَّهُمْ قِيَاسًا وَأَوْضَحَهُمْ إِرْشَادًا. وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا صَنَّفَ مِنَ الْكُتُبِ الْقَدِيمَةِ وَالْجَدِيدَةِ فِي الْأُصُولِ وَالْفُرُوعِ وَبِأَبْيَنِ بَيَانٍ وَأَفْصَحِ لِسَانٍ.\n\n٤٣٩ - وَكَيْفَ لَا يَكُونُ كَذَلِكَ وَقَدْ تَبَحَّرَ أَوَّلًا فِي لِسَانِ مَنْ خَتَمَ اللَّهُ النُّبُوَّةَ بِهِ وَأَنْزَلَ بِهِ الْقُرْآنَ مَعَ كَوْنِهِ عَرَبِيَّ اللِّسَانِ قُرَشِيَّ الدَّارِ وَالنَّسَبِ مِنْ خَيْرِ قَبَائِلِ الْعَرَبِ مِنْ نَسْلِ هَاشِمٍ وَالْمُطَّلِبِ.\n\n٤٤٠ - ثُمَّ اجْتَهَدَ فِي حِفْظِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ وَآثَارِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَأَقْوَالِهِمْ وَأَقْوَالِ مَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ فِي أَحْكَامِ اللَّهِ ﷿ حَتَّى عَرَفَ ⦗٢١٤⦘ الْخَاصَّ مِنَ الْعَامِ، وَالْمُفَسَّرَ مِنَ الْمُجْمَلِ، وَالْفَرْضَ مِنَ الْأَدَبِ، وَالْحَتْمَ مِنَ النَّدْبِ، وَاللَّازِمَ مِنَ الْإِبَاحَةِ، وَالنَّاسِخَ مِنَ الْمَنْسُوخِ، وَالْقَوِيَّ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ مِنَ الضَّعِيفِ، وَالشَّاذَّ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْمَعْرُوفِ، وَالْإِجْمَاعَ مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ\n\n٤٤١ - ثُمَّ شَبَّهَ الْفَرْعَ الْمُخْتَلِفَ فِيهِ بِالْأَصْلِ الْمُتَّفَقَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مُنَاقَضَةٍ مِنْهُ لِلْبِنَاءِ الَّذِي أَسَّسَهُ وَلَا مُخَالَفَةٍ مِنْهُ لِلْأَصْلِ الَّذِي أَصَّلَهُ، فَخَرَجَتْ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ أَقْوَالُهُ مُسْتَقِيمَةً وَفَتَاوِيهِ صَحِيحَةً،\n\n٤٤٢ - وَكُنْتُ قَدْ سَمِعْتُ مِنَ كُتُبِهِ الْجَدِيدَةِ مَا كَانَ مَسْمُوعًا لِبَعْضِ مَشَايِخِنَا، وَجَمَعْتُ مِنْ كُتُبِهِ الْقَدِيمَةِ مَا وَقَعَ إِلَى نَاحِيَتِنَا،\n\n٤٤٣ - فَنَظَرْتُ فِيهَا وَخَرَّجْتُ بِتَوْفِيقِ اللَّهِ تعالى مَبْسُوطَ كَلَامِهِ فِي كُتُبِهِ بِدَلَائِلِهِ وَحُجَجِهِ. عَلَى تَرْتِيبٍ مُخْتَصَرَ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيِّ ﵀ لِيَرْجِعَ إِلَيْهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَنْ أَرَادَ الْوُقُوفَ عَلَى مَبْسُوطِ مَا اخْتَصَرَهُ، وَذَلِكَ فِي تِسْعِ مُجَلَّدَاتٍ\n\n٤٤٤ - سِوَى مَا صَنَّفْتُ فِي الْأُصُولِ بِالْبَسْطِ وَالتَّفْصِيلِ.\n\n٤٤٥ - ثُمَّ خَرَّجْتُ بِعَوْنِ اللَّهِ ﷿ سُنَنَ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ وَمَا احْتَجْنَا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ آثَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ ﵃ عَلَى هَذَا التَّرْتِيبِ فِي أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مِائَتَيْ جُزْءٍ بِأَجْزَاءَ خُفَافٍ ⦗٢١٥⦘.\n\n٤٤٦ - وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ مَدْخَلًا فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ جُزْءًا لِيَنْظُرَ إِنْ شَاءَ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، مَنْ أَرَادَ مَعْرِفَةَ مَا عَرَفْتُهُ مِنْ صِحَّةِ مَذْهَبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ.\n\n٤٤٧ - وَقَدْ وَقَعَ الْكِتَابُ الْأَوَّلُ وَهُوَ الْمَبْسُوطُ إِلَى أُسْتَاذِي فِي الْفِقْهِ الشَّيْخِ الْإِمَامِ الشَّرِيفِ أَبِي الْفَتْحِ نَاصِرِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعُمَرِيِّ ﵁ فَرَضِيَهُ وَحَمِدَ أَثَرِي فِيهِ.\n\n٤٤٨ - وَوَقَعَ الْكِتَابُ الثَّانِي وَهُوَ كِتَابُ السُّنَنِ إِلَى الشَّيْخِ الْإِمَامِ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْجُوَيْنِيِّ ﵁ بَعْدَ مَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَى تَحْصِيلِهِ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا. فَارْتَضَاهُ وَشَكَرَ سَعْيِي فِيهِ. فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى هَذِهِ النِّعْمَةِ حَمْدًا يُوَازِيهَا وَعَلَى سَائِرِ نِعْمَتِهِ حَمْدًا يُكَافِيهَا.\n\n٤٤٩ - وَقَدْ يَسَّرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ مَعَ هَذَا تَصْنِيفَ كُتُبٍ فِيمَا يُسْتَعَانُ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ وَالْآثَارِ فِي أُصُولِ الدِّيَانَاتِ، وَمَا ظَهَرَ عَلَى نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ مِنَ الْمُعْجِزَاتِ وَاللَّهُ يَنْفَعُنَا وَالنَّاظِرِينَ فِيهَا بِمَا أَوْدَعْتُهَا بِفَضْلِهِ وَسَعَةِ رَحْمَتِهِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-22>سَبَبُ تَأْلِيفِ كِتَابِ مَعْرِفَةِ السُّنَنِ وَالْآثَارِ</span>","vol":"1","page":209},{"text":"٤٥٠ - ثُمَّ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْمُتَّفَقِّهَةَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا يَأْخُذُهُمُ الْمَلَالُ مِنْ طُولِ الْكِتَابِ، فَخَرَّجْتُ مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ بِأَسَانِيدِهِ فِي الْأُصُولِ وَالْفُرُوعِ مَعَ مَا رَوَاهُ مُسْتَأْنِسًا بِهِ غَيْرَ مُعْتَمِدٍ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ حَكَاهُ لِغَيْرِهِ مُجِيبًا عَنْهُ عَلَى تَرْتِيبِ الْمُخْتَصَرِ، وَنَقَلْتُ مَا وَجَدْتُ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ عَلَى الْأَخْبَارِ بِالْجَرْحِ وَالتَّعْدِيلِ وَالتَّصْحِيحِ وَالتَّعْلِيلِ.\n\n٤٥١ - وَأَضَفْتُ إِلَى بَعْضِ مَا أَجْمَلَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ كَلَامِ غَيْرِهِ مَا فَسَّرَهُ وَإِلَى بَعْضِ مَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ مَا قَوَّاهُ لِيَسْتَعِينَ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَنْ تَفَقَّهَ بِفِقْهِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِي كَتْبِهِ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ وَحِفْظِهِ وَسَمَاعِهِ لِيَكُونَ عَلَى وَثِيقَةٍ مِمَّا يَجِبُ الِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ وَعَلَى بَصِيرَةٍ مِمَّا يَجِبُ الْوُقُوفُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْآثَارِ، وَيَعْلَمَ أَنَّ صَاحِبَنَا رَحِمَنا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ، لَمْ يَصْدُرْ بَابًا بِرِوَايَةٍ مَجْهُولَةٍ وَلَمْ يَبْنِ حُكْمًا عَلَى حَدِيثٍ مَعْلُولٍ وَقَدْ يُورِدُهُ فِي الْبَابِ عَلَى رَسْمِ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ بِإِيرَادِ مَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَسَانِيدِ. وَاعْتِمَادُهُ عَلَى الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْحُجَجِ، وَقَدْ يَثِقُ بِبَعْضِ مَنْ هُوَ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي عَدَالَتِهِ عَلَى مَا يُؤَدِّي إِلَيْهِ اجْتِهَادُهُ كَمَا يَفْعَلُهُ غَيْرُهُ.\n\n٤٥٢ - ثُمَّ لَمُ يَدَعْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُنَّةً بَلَغَتْهُ، وَثَبَتَتْ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى قَلَّدَهَا وَمَا خَفِيَ عَلَيْهِ ثُبُوتُهُ عَلَّقَ قَوْلَهُ بِهِ: وَمَا عَسَى لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ أَوْصَى مَنْ بَلَغَهُ بِاتِّبَاعِهِ، وَتَرْكَ خِلَافِهِ، وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي كُتُبِهِ وَفِيمَا ذُكِرَ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِهِ","vol":"1","page":216},{"text":"٤٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، وَرَوَى حَدِيثًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: تَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ؟ ⦗٢١٧⦘. فَقَالَ: مَتَى رُوِّيتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَدِيثًا صَحِيحًا وَلَمْ آخُذْ بِهِ وَالْجَمَاعَةُ فَأُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنَّ عَقْلِي قَدْ ذَهَبَ، وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ","vol":"1","page":216},{"text":"٤٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: إِذَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِي كِتَابِي خِلَافَ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُولُوا بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَدَعُوا مَا قُلْتُ.\n\n٤٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا مِنْهُ ﵁ اتِّبَاعٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا أَخَذَ فِي الْبَيْعَةِ مِنَ النُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ وَرَوَى مَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ فِيمَا قَصَدَ مِنْ إِرْشَادِ غَيْرِهِ بِمَا وَضَعَ فِي كِتَابِ الرِّسَالَةِ","vol":"1","page":217},{"text":"٤٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْفَامِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَرِيرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: بَايَعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلَى النُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ زِيَادٍ،","vol":"1","page":217},{"text":"٤٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ ⦗٢١٨⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «الدِّينُ النَّصِيحَةُ. الدِّينُ النَّصِيحَةُ. الدِّينُ النَّصِيحَةُ لِلَّهِ وَلِكِتَابِهِ وَلِنَبِيِّهِ وَلِأَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَامَّتِهِمْ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ\n\n٤٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ فَضَائِلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ وَمَنَاقِبِهِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ حِرْصِهِ - يَعْنِي مِنْ حِرْصِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ - عَلَى إِفْهَامِ الْمُسْتَرْشِدِينَ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَبِيعًا يَقُولُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَدِدْتُ لَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ نَظَرُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْكُتُبِ ثُمَّ نَحَلُوهَا غَيْرِي طَلَبًا مِنْهُ لِلنَّصِيحَةِ لَهُمْ. وَأَنَّ قَصْدَهُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مِنْ وَضَعِ الْكُتُبِ وَتَسْيِيرِهَا فِي النَّاسِ إِلَى أَنْ يَفَهَمُوهَا لِيَدُلَّهُمُ الْبَيَانُ فِيهَا عَلَى الْأَرْجَحِ مِنَ الْمَذَاهِبِ الَّتِي هِيَ الْأَتْبَعُ لِلْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ الْكِتَابَ وَالسُّنَّةِ تَبَرِّيًا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِ وَقُوَّتِهِ غَيْرَ مُلْتَمِسٍ بِهَا ذِكْرًا وَلَا فِي الدُّنْيَا شَرَفًا، وَهَذِهِ صِحَّةُ النِّيَّةِ وَمَشْكُورُ الطَّوِيَّةِ، وَمَا يُحْمَدُ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ وَالْعَزِيمَةِ ⦗٢١٩⦘.\n\n٤٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ ﵀: وَحِينَ شَرَعْتُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ بَعْضُ إِخْوَانِي مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ بِكِتَابٍ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيِّ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ وَشَكَا فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ مَا رَأَى فِيهِ مِنْ تَضْعِيفِ أَخْبَارٍ صَحِيحَةٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ حِينَ خَالَفَهَا رَأْيُهُ، وَتَصْحِيحِ أَخْبَارٍ ضَعِيفَةٍ عِنْدَهُمْ حِينَ وَافَقَهَا رَأْيُهُ، وَسَأَلَنِي أَنْ أُجِيبَ عَمَّا احْتَجَّ بِهِ فِيمَا حُكِمَ بِهِ مِنَ التَّصْحِيحِ وَالتَّعْلِيلِ فِي الْأَخْبَارِ، فَاسْتَخَرْتُ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فِي النَّظَرِ فِيهِ وَإِضَافَةِ الْجَوَّابِ عَنْهُ إِلَى مَا خَرَّجْتُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، فَفِي كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ عَلَى مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ أَوْ رَدَّهُ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ جَوَابٌ عَنْ أَكْثَرِ مَا تَكَلَّفَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ مِنْ ⦗٢٢٠⦘ تَسْوِيَةِ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ وَتَضْعِيفِ مَا لَا حِيلَةَ لَهُ فِيهِ بِمَا لَا يَضْعُفُ بِهِ، وَالِاحْتِجَاجِ بِمَا هُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ غَيْرِهِ.\n\n٤٦٠ - وَأَنَا أَسْتَعِينُ بِاللَّهِ - ﷿ - فِي إِتْمَامِهِ اسْتِعَانَةَ مَنْ لَا حِيلَةَ لَهُ دُونَ إِنْعَامِهِ وَأَسْتَغْفِرُهُ لِذُنُوبِي كُلِّهَا اسْتِغْفَارَ مَنْ يَعْتَرِفُ بِخَطِيئَتِهِ وَيَعْرِفُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُنْجِيهِ مِنْ عُقُوبَتِهِ إِلَّا سَعَةُ رَحْمَتِهِ.\n\n٤٦١ - وَأَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِهِ كُلَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ الذَّاكِرُونَ وَغَفَلَ عَنْ ذِكْرِهِ الْغَافِلُونَ\n\n٤٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْكِنْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّاجِيُّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيِّ: مَنْ أَصْحَابُ الشَّافِعِيِّ؟ قَالَ: أَوَّلُهُمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيُوسُفُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَأَبُو ثَوْرٍ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَأَبُو الْوَلِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ الْمَكِّيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ، وَحَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى.\n\n٤٦٣ - قَالَ: وَرَجُلٌ لَيْسَ بِالْمَحْمُودِ: أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ بَدَّلَ وَقَالَ بِالِاعْتِزَالِ. هَؤُلَاءِ مِمَّنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْعِلْمِ وَعُرِفُوا بِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ.\n\n٤٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَهُ أَصْحَابٌ سِوَى هَؤُلَاءِ أَخَذُوا عَنْهُ، وَتَعَلَّمُوا مِنْهُ، وَإِنَّمَا سَمَّى أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْمَعْرُوفِينَ، وَاللَّهُ يَغْفِرُ لَنَا وَلَهُمْ بِرَحْمَتِهِ","vol":"1","page":217},{"text":"٤٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبَدَانَ قَالَ: أَنْشَدَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ وَحْدَهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: أَنْشَدَنَا شَيْخُ السُّنَّةِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٢٢١⦘: أَنْشَدَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَنْشَدَنَا أَبُو الْفَتْحِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَاتِبُ الْبَسْتِيُّ لِنَفْسِهِ:\n[البحر البسيط]\nالشَّافِعِيُّ أَجَلُّ النَّاسِ مَنْزِلَةً ... وَأَعْظَمُ النَّاسِ فِي دِينِ الْهُدَى أَثَرَا\nالْعَدْلُ سِيرَتُهُ، والصِّدْقُ شِيمَتُهُ ... وَالْبَحْرُ مَنْظُومُهُ، وَالدُّرُّ إِنْ نَثَرَا\nفَقُلْ لِمَنْ بَاعَهُ وَابْتَاعَ حَاسِدَهُ ... أَرَاكَ بِعْتَ بِخُوصِ النَّخْلَةِ الْكَثَرَا","vol":"1","page":220},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-23>١ - كتاب الطهارة</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-24>بَابُ مَا تَكُونُ بِهِ الطَّهَارَةُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ</span>","vol":"1","page":222},{"text":"٤٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الزَّاهِدُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" ظَاهِرُ الْقُرْآنِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ مَاءٍ طَاهِرٌ: مَاءِ بَحْرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَدِيثٌ يُوَافِقُ ظَاهِرَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ مَنْ لَا أَعْرِفُهُ \"","vol":"1","page":222},{"text":"٤٦٧ - فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٢٢٣⦘ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، مِنْ آلِ بَنِي الْأَزْرَقِ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، وَهُوَ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ. أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَرْكَبُ الْبَحْرَ، وَنَحْمِلُ مَعَنَا الْقَلِيلَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ، فَإِنْ تَوَضَّأْنَا بِهِ عَطِشْنَا، أَفَنَتَوَضَّأُ بِهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ»\n\n٤٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَلِوَالِدَيْهِ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ أَوْدَعَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ كِتَابَ الْمُوَطَّأِ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْأَشْعَثَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ مُحْتَجِّينَ بِهِ، وَقَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيَّ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ ⦗٢٢٤⦘\n\n٤٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ لِاخْتِلَافٍ وَقَعَ فِي اسْمِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ\n\n٤٧٠ - وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي إِسْنَادِهِ مَنْ لَا أَعْرِفُهُ،\n\n٤٧١ - وَقَدْ تَابَعَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَنِيُّ مَالِكًا عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ","vol":"1","page":222},{"text":"٤٧٢ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ⦗٢٢٥⦘ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنُ الْمُقْرِئُ الْإِسْفِرَايِينِيُّ بِهَا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَوْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَتَى نَاسٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَرْكَبُ الْبَحْرَ، فَيَفْنَى الْمَاءُ، فَنَتَوَضَّأُ بِمَاءِ الْبَحْرِ؟ فَقَالَ: «هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الْحَلَالُ مَيْتُهُ»","vol":"1","page":224},{"text":"٤٧٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْكَيْلِينِيُّ، بِالرِّيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ كَثِيرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، أَخِي بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفَرٌ مِمَّنْ يَرْكَبُ الْبَحْرَ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَرْكَبُ الْبَحْرَ وَنَتَزَوَّدُ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْمَاءِ، فَإِنْ تَوَضَّأْنَا بِهِ عَطِشْنَا، فَهَلْ يَصْلُحُ لَنَا أَنْ نَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْ مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، وَالْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ».\n\n٤٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ تَابَعَ الْجُلَاحُ أَبُو كَثِيرٍ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ سُلَيْمٍ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ","vol":"1","page":225},{"text":"٤٧٥ - أَمَا حَدِيثُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ الْأَهْوَازِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْجُلَاحُ أَبُو كَثِيرٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ سَلَمَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيَّ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَنْطَلِقُ فِي الْبَحْرِ نُرِيدُ الصَّيْدَ، فَيَحْمِلُ أَحَدُنَا الْإِدَاوَةَ، وَالثَّنْيَيْنِ، وَهُوَ يَرْجُو أَنْ نَأْخُذَ الصَّيْدَ قَرِيبًا، فَرُبَّمَا وَجَدَهُ كَذَلِكَ وَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَجِدِ الصَّيْدَ، حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ مِنَ الْبَحْرِ مَكَانًا لَمْ يَظُنَّ أَنْ يَبْلُغَهُ فَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَحْتَلِمَ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأَ، فَإِذَا اغْتَسَلَ أَوْ تَوَضَّأَ بِهَذَا الْمَاءِ فَلَعَلَّ أَحَدُنَا يُهْلِكُهُ الْعَطَشُ، فَمَا تَرَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِي مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ نَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهُ أَوْ نَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ إِذَا خِفْنَا ذَلِكَ؟ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «فَاغْتَسِلُوا، وَتَوَضَّئُوا، فَإِنَّهُ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ الْحَلَالُ مَيْتَتُهُ»،\n\n٤٧٦ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ، فَقَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ جُلَاحٍ: أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنَ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُ، سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٢٧⦘.\n\n٤٧٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ الْجُلَاحِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِذَلِكَ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ التَّارِيخِ، فَقَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرٌو، عَنْ جُلَاحٍ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ.\n\n٤٧٨ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، وَاخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ.\n\n٤٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ سَلَّامٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ جُلَاحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٤٨٠ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ سَلَمَةُ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْجُلَاحِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ حَلِيفِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٤٨١ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يُوسُفُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَغْرَاءَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنِ اللَّجْلَاجِ، وَكَانَ رِضًا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ الْكِنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ⦗٢٢٨⦘.\n\n٤٨٢ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ أَصَحُّ، وَاللَّجْلَاجُ خَطَأٌ\n\n٤٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ أَحْفَظُ مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَقَدْ أَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ،\n\n٤٨٤ - وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ: عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ الْجُلَاحِ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ صَحِيحًا","vol":"1","page":226},{"text":"٤٨٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَلَى الصِّحَّةِ،\n\n٤٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَتَى نَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي فِرَاسٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: نَصِيدُ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَنَتَزَوَّدُ مَعَنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ، فَرُبَّمَا تَخَوَّفْنَا الْعَطَشَ، فَهَلْ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ نَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْ مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، تَوَضَّئُوا مِنْهُ، وَحَلَّ مَيِّتُ مَا طَرَحَ»","vol":"1","page":228},{"text":"٤٨٧ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ. وَاخْتَلَفَ عَنْهُ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كَثِيرَةٍ.\n\n٤٨٨ - فَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَاهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَرْكَبُ أَرْمَاثًا لَنَا فِي الْبَحْرِ فَتَحْضُرُ ⦗٢٢٩⦘ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَيْسَ مَعَنَا مَاءٌ إِلَّا لِشِفَاهِنَا، أَفَنَتَوَضَّأُ بِمَاءِ الْبَحْرِ؟ فَقَالَ: «هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ»،\n\n٤٨٩ - وَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْمُعَدِّلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ،\n\n٤٩٠ - ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ.،\n\n٤٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، فَقَالَ فِيهِ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ: وَهُوَ وَهُمٌ. قَالَهُ أَبُو عِيسَى، وَحَمَلَ الْوَهْمَ فِيهِ عَلَى هُشَيْمٍ،\n\n٤٩٢ - وَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُقْرِئِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ","vol":"1","page":228},{"text":"٤٩٣ - وَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرَةَ قَشْمَرْدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا القَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ أَحَدَنَا يَخْرُجُ يَصِيدُ فِي الْبَحْرِ عَلَى الْأَرْمَاثِ، وَيَحْمِلُ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ ⦗٢٣٠⦘ لِشَفَتِهِ، فَإِذَا حَلَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَإِنْ تَوَضَّأَ بِمَائِهِ عَطِشَ، وَإِنْ تَوَضَّأَ بِمَاءِ الْبَحْرِ وَجَدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ. فَزَعَمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ». وَلَا يَعْلَمُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْحَلَالُ مَيْتَتُهُ»،\n\n٤٩٤ - وَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ،\n\n٤٩٥ - ح قَالَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ: وَحَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ الْكِنْدِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ\n\n٤٩٦ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا، سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، عَنْ مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"1","page":229},{"text":"٤٩٧ - وَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنَّا نَرْكَبُ أَرْمَاثَنَا. فَذَكَرَ مَاءَ الْبَحْرِ، فَقَالَ: «هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الْحَلَالُ مَيْتَتُهُ»،\n\n٤٩٨ - وَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ⦗٢٣١⦘.\n\n٤٩٩ - هَذَا الِاخْتِلَافُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْفَظْ كَمَا يَنْبَغِي. وَقَدْ أَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ،\n\n٥٠٠ - وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْجُلَاحِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، ثُمَّ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ الْجُلَاحِ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. فَصَارَ الْحَدِيثُ بِذَلِكَ صَحِيحًا، كَمَا قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عِيسَى عَنْهُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٥٠١ - وَيُرْوَى فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَغَيْرِهِمْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"1","page":230},{"text":"٥٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n٥٠٣ - قَالَ: وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هِنْدَ الْفِرَاسِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ لَمْ يُطَهِرْهُ الْبَحْرُ فَلَا طَهَّرَهُ اللَّهُ»،\n\n٥٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُسْتَمِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هَمَّامٍ الْخَارِكِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَخْبَرَهُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ،\n\n٥٠٥ - وَرَوَيْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُخْتَارِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"1","page":232},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-25>الْوُضُوءُ بِالْمَاءِ الْمُسَخَّنِ، وَالْمَاءِ الْمُشَمَّسِ</span>","vol":"1","page":233},{"text":"٥٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَانَ يُسَخَّنُ لَهُ الْمَاءُ فَيَغْتَسِلُ بِهِ وَيَتَوَضَّأُ»","vol":"1","page":233},{"text":"٥٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَا أَكْرَهُ الْمَاءَ الْمُشَمَّسَ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُكْرَهَ مِنْ جِهَةِ الطِّبِّ»","vol":"1","page":233},{"text":"٥٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَدَقَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَكْرَهُ الِاغْتِسَالَ بِالْمَاءِ الْمُشَمَّسِ وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ يُورِثُ الْبَرَصَ»","vol":"1","page":233},{"text":"٥٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، هَذَيْنِ الْأَثَرَيْنِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ ⦗٢٣٤⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى الْأَسْلَمِيِّ الْمَدَنِيِّ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا الْأَوَّلَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، وَرُوِّينَا الْآخَرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ أَزْهَرَ، قَالَ عُمَرُ:  «لَا تَغْتَسِلُوا بِالْمَاءِ الْمُشَمَّسِ فَإِنَّهُ يُورِثُ الْبَرَصَ»","vol":"1","page":233},{"text":"٥١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ حَيَّوَيْهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى قَدَرِيًّا. فَقُلْتُ: فَمَا حَمَلَ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَلَى أَنْ يَرْوِيَ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ: «كَانَ يَقُولُ لَأَنْ يَخِرَّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مِنْ بُعْدٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ». وَكَانَ ثِقَةً فِي الْحَدِيثِ\n\n٥١١ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: سَأَلْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: تَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا أَحْسَنَ الْقَوْلَ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى غَيْرَ الشَّافِعِيِّ؟ فَقَالَ لِي: نَعَمْ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْأَوْدِيُّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ حَمْدَانَ بْنَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ يَعْنِي: مُحَمَّدًا، قُلْتُ: أَتَدَيَّنُ بِحَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: قَالَ لِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ: نَظَرْتُ فِي حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى كَثِيرًا، فَلَيْسَ هُوَ بِمُنْكَرِ الْحَدِيثِ\n\n٥١٢ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: وَقَدْ نَظَرْتُ أَنَا أَيْضًا فِي حَدِيثِهِ الْكَثِيرَ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِيهِ مُنْكَرًا، وَإِنَّمَا الْمُنْكَرُ إِذَا كَانَتِ الْعُهْدَةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الرَّاوِي عَنْهُ، أَوْ مِنْ قِبَلِ مَنْ يَرْوِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنْهُ، وَلَهُ أَحَادِيثُ كَثِيرَةٌ. وَلَهُ كِتَابُ الْمُوَطَّأِ، أَضْعَافُ مُوَطَّأِ ⦗٢٣٥⦘ مَالِكٍ. قَالَ: وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَمَنْدَلٌ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ أَقْدَمُ مَوْتًا مِنْهُ، وَأَكْبَرُ سِنًّا، وَهُوَ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَنْ يُكْتَبُ حَدِيثُهُ\n\n٥١٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ ﵀: قُلْتُ: وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ: «يَا حُمَيْرَاءُ لَا تَفْعَلِي، فَإِنَّهُ يُورِثُ الْبَرَصَ»، لَا يَثْبُتُ الْبَتَّةَ، قَدْ بَيَّنَّا ضَعْفَهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"1","page":234},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-26>الْوُضُوءُ بِالنَّبِيذِ</span>","vol":"1","page":236},{"text":"٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «كُلُّ شَرَابٍ أَسْكَرَ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٥١٥ - وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيذَ الَّذِي يُسْكِرُ كَثِيرُهُ حَرَامٌ، وَمَا كَانَ حَرَامًا فِي نَفْسِهِ لَا بِحُرْمَةِ مَالِكَهِ، لَمْ تَصِحَّ بِهِ الطَّهَارَةُ ⦗٢٣٧⦘\n\n٥١٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لَيْلَةَ الْجِنِّ وَأَنَّهُ خَطَّ حَوْلَهُ خَطًا، وَقَالَ: «لَا تَخْرُجَنَّ مِنْهُ». وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا رَجَعَ قَالَ: «هَلْ مَعَكَ مِنْ وُضُوءٍ؟» قَالَ: لَا. مَعِي إِدَاوَةٌ فِيهَا نَبِيذٌ. فَقَالَ: «تَمْرَةٌ طَيْبَةٌ، وَمَاؤُهُ طَهُورٌ». وَتَوَضَّأَ بِهِ، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كُلِّهَا ضَعِيفٌ، وَأَشْهَرُهَا رِوَايَةُ أَبِي زَيْدٍ، مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَقَدْ ضَعَّفَهَا أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ⦗٢٣٨⦘\n\n٥١٦ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: أَبُو زَيْدٍ الَّذِي رَوَى حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ، لَا يُعْرَفُ بِصُحْبَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"1","page":236},{"text":"٥١٨ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَرَوَى عَلْقَمَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَمْ أَكُنْ لَيْلَةَ الْجِنِّ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"1","page":238},{"text":"٥١٩ - وَرَوَى شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ: أَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَيْلَةَ الْجِنِّ؟ قَالَ: «لَا».\n\n٥٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ، يَذْكُرُهُ عَنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ\n\n٥٢١ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا: «النَّبِيذُ وَضُوءٌ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ»، فَهُوَ فِيمَا وَهِمَ فِيهِ الْمُسَيَّبُ بْنُ وَاضِحٍ وَكَانَ ضَعِيفًا.\n\n٥٢٢ - وَكُلُّ مَنْ تَابَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَضْعَفُ مِنْهُ.\n\n٥٢٣ - وَإِنَّمَا الرِّوَايَةُ الْمَحْفُوظَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: غَيْرُ مَرْفُوعٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٣٩⦘، وَلَا إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْهُ.\n\n٥٢٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ عَنْهُ.\n\n٥٢٥ - وَكَانَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ يَقُولُ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: تُرَى نَبِيذُكُمْ هَذَا الْخَبِيثُ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ مَاءً يُلْقَى فِيهِ تَمَرَاتٌ فَيَصِيرُ حُلْوًا\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-27>إِزَالَةُ النَّجَاسَاتِ بِالْمَاءِ</span>","vol":"1","page":238},{"text":"٥٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: «وَلَا يُطَهِّرُ الدَّمَ وَلَا شَيْئًا مِنَ الْأَنْجَاسِ إِلَّا الْمَاءُ»\n\n٥٢٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِحَدِيثِ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي دَمِ الْحَيْضِ يُصِيبُ الثَّوْبَ: «حُتِّيهِ، ثُمَّ اقْرُصِيهِ بِالْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ رُشِّيهِ وَصَلِّي فِيهِ». وَهُوَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مَذْكُورٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ ⦗٢٤١⦘.\n\n٥٢٨ - وَحَدِيثُ دَلْكِ النَّعْلِ بِالْأَرْضِ مَذْكُورٌ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ","vol":"1","page":240},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-28>بَابُ الْآنِيَةِ</span>","vol":"1","page":242},{"text":"٥٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ⦗٢٤٣⦘ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزَّاهِدُ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشَاةٍ مَيِّتَةٍ. كَانَ أَعْطَاهَا مَوْلَاةً لِمَيْمُونَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ «أَفَلَا انْتَفَعْتُمْ بِجِلْدِهَا؟»، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا مَيْتَةٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا حُرِّمَ أَكْلُهَا» أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، وَيُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"1","page":242},{"text":"٥٣٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، مَرَّ بِشَاةٍ، لِمَوْلَاةٍ لِمَيْمُونَةَ مَيِّتَةٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَا عَلَى أَهْلِ هَذِهِ لَوْ أَخَذُوا إِهَابَهَا فَدَبَغُوهُ فَانْتَفَعُوا بِهِ؟»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا مَيْتَةٌ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا حُرِّمَ أَكْلُهَا»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ⦗٢٤٤⦘\n\n٥٣١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «أَلَيْسَ فِي الْمَاءِ وَالْقَرَظِ مَا يُطَهِّرُهَا، وَالدِّبَاغُ؟»","vol":"1","page":243},{"text":"٥٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ وَعْلَةَ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «أَيُّمَا إِهَابٍ دُبِغَ فَقَدْ طَهُرَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"1","page":244},{"text":"٥٣٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَعْلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا دُبِغَ الْإِهَابُ فَقَدْ طَهُرَ»","vol":"1","page":244},{"text":"٥٣٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِأَنْ يُسْتَمْتَعَ بِجُلُودِ الْمَيْتَةِ إِذَا دُبِغَتْ». أَخْرَجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ","vol":"1","page":244},{"text":"٥٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، ح،\n\n٥٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِشَاةٍ مَيِّتَةٍ لِمَوْلَاةٍ لِمَيْمُونَةَ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَا أَخَذُوا إِهَابَهَا فَدَبَغُوهُ فَانْتَفَعُوا بِهِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ. وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"1","page":245},{"text":"٥٣٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ سَوْدَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ:  «مَاتَتْ شَاةٌ لَنَا فَدَبَغْنَا مَسْكَهَا فَمَا زِلْنَا نَنْتَبِذُ فِيهِ حَتَّى صَارَ شَنًّا»","vol":"1","page":245},{"text":"٥٣٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «طَهُورُ كُلِّ أَدِيمٍ دِبَاغُهُ»","vol":"1","page":246},{"text":"٥٣٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «دِبَاغُ الْأَدِيمِ ذَكَاتُهُ»،\n\n٥٤٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعَةٍ: «ذَكَاةُ الْأَدِيمِ دِبَاغُهُ»","vol":"1","page":246},{"text":"٥٤١ - وَفِي سِيَاقِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ وَرَدَ فِي جَلْدِ الْمَيْتَةِ إِذَا دُبِغَ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ رُوِيَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَتَى عَلَى بَيْتٍ فَإِذَا فِيهِ قِرْبَةٌ مُعَلَّقَةٌ فَسَأَلَ الْمَاءَ، فَقَالُوا إِنَّهَا مَيْتَةٌ، فَقَالَ: «دِبَاغُهَا طَهُورُهَا»، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: \" أَلَيْسَ قَدْ دَبَغْتِهَا؟ ⦗٢٤٧⦘ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ ذَكَاتَهَا دِبَاغُهَا»","vol":"1","page":246},{"text":"٥٤٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُكَيْمٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَى جُهَيْنَةَ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِشَهْرٍ: «أَلَّا تَنْتَفِعُوا مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ بِإِهَابٍ وَلَا عَصَبٍ»، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُكَيْمٍ،\n\n٥٤٣ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيِّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ ⦗٢٤٨⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ: أَنَّهُ انْطَلَقَ هُوَ وَنَاسٌ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُكَيْمٍ قَالَ: فَدَخَلُوا، وَقَعَدْتُ عَلَى الْبَابِ، فَخَرَجُوا إِلَيَّ، فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُكَيْمٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ.\n\n٥٤٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُكَيْمٍ، دُونَ التَّارِيخِ.\n\n٥٤٥ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ إِرْسَالٌ، وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى إِهَابِهَا قَبْلَ الدَّبْغِ، جَمْعًا بَيْنَ الْخَبَرَيْنِ\n\n٥٤٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ الْهُذَلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ جُلُودِ السِّبَاعِ أَنْ تُفْتَرَشَ»\n\n٥٤٧ - وَحَدِيثُ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنُ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ لُبْسِ جُلُودِ السِّبَاعِ»،\n\n٥٤٨ - وَيُحْمَلُ أَنَّ النَّهْيَ وَقَعَ لِمَا يَبْقِي عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الشَّعْرِ، لِأَنَّ الدِّبَاغَ لَا يُؤَثِّرُ فِيهِ ⦗٢٤٩⦘.\n\n٥٤٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَوْقُوفًا: «إِنَّمَا حُرِّمَ مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ مَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْهَا، وَهُوَ اللَّحْمُ، فَأَمَّا الْجِلْدُ، وَالسِّنُّ، وَالْعَظْمُ، وَالشَّعَرُ، وَالصُّوفُ فَهُوَ حَلَالٌ»،\n\n٥٥٠ - فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَيْسَ يَرْوِيهِ إِلَّا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ، لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ،\n\n٥٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، شَيْءٌ فِي مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n٥٥٣ - وَعَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ ضَعِيفٌ. قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْهُ.\n\n٥٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ مَرْفُوعًا: «لَا بَأْسَ بِمَسْكِ الْمَيْتَةِ إِذَا دُبِغَ وَلَا بِشَعْرِهَا إِذْا غُسِلَ بِالْمَاءِ»، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ يُوسُفُ بْنُ السَّفَرِ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ فِي عِدَادِ مَنْ يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"1","page":247},{"text":"٥٥٥ - وَصَحَّ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، لَمَّا رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ وَنَحَرَ هَدْيَهُ نَاوَلَ الْحَلَّاقَ شِقَّهُ الْأَيْمَنَ فَحَلَقَهُ. فَنَاوَلَهُ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، ثُمَّ نَاوَلَهُ شِقَّهُ الْأَيْسَرَ فَحَلَقَهُ، ثُمَّ دَعَا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، فَقَالَ: «اقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ»","vol":"1","page":250},{"text":"٥٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دِينَارٍ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: «يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَدَّهِنَ فِي مُدْهَنٍ مِنْ عِظَامِ الْفِيلِ، لِأَنَّهُ مَيْتَةٌ»","vol":"1","page":250},{"text":"٥٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ عِظَامَ الْفِيلِ»،\n\n٥٥٨ - وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَدَّهِنَ فِي عَظْمِ الْفِيلِ","vol":"1","page":250},{"text":"٥٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ ⦗٢٥١⦘ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الَّذِي يَشْرَبُ فِي آنِيَةِ الْفِضَّةِ إِنَّمَا يُجَرْجِرُ فِي بَطْنِهِ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":250},{"text":"٥٦٠ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا تَشْرَبُوا فِي آنِيَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا فِي صِحَافِهَا، فَإِنَّهَا لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَكُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ»،\n\n٥٦١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ الشُّرْبِ مِنَ الْمُفَضَّضِ","vol":"1","page":251},{"text":"٥٦٢ - وَرَوَى زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُطِيعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٢٥٢⦘: «مَنْ شَرِبَ فِي إِنَاءِ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ، أَوْ إِنَاءٍ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا يُجَرْجِرُ فِي بَطْنِهِ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ».\n\n٥٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَاكِهِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي مَسَرَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا،. فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"1","page":251},{"text":"٥٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، تَوَضَّأَ مِنْ مَاءِ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ فِي جَرَّةِ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ \"","vol":"1","page":252},{"text":"٥٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثُونَا، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، وَلَمُ أَسْمَعْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا كُنَّا بِالشَّامِ أَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ بِمَاءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ: «مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ بِهَذَا؟ فَمَا رَأَيْنَا عَذْبًا وَلَا مَاءً شَبَمَا. أَطْيَبَ مِنْهُ»، وَقَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مَاءَ عِدٍّ ⦗٢٥٣⦘ وَلَا مَاءَ سَمَاءٍ أَطْيَبَ مِنْهُ، قُلْتُ: مِنْ بَيْتِ هَذِهٍ الْعَجُوزِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ. فَلَمَّا تَوَضَّأَ أَتَاهَا، فَقَالَ: «أَيَّتُهَا الْعَجُوزُ. أَسْلِمِي فَتَسْلَمِي، بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْحَقِّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ» قَالَ: فَكَشَفَتْ رَأْسَهَا فَإِذَا مِثْلُ الثَّغَامَةِ قَالَتْ: وَأَنَا أَمُوتُ الْآنَ قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ»","vol":"1","page":252},{"text":"٥٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيَّ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا بِأَرْضٍ أَهْلُهَا أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ يَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ، وَيَشْرَبُونُ الْخَمْرَ، فَكَيْفَ بِآنِيَتِهِمْ وَقُدُورِهِمْ؟ فَقَالَ: «دَعُوهَا مَا وَجَدْتُمْ مِنْهَا بُدًّا، فَإِذَا لَمْ تَجِدُوا مِنْهَا بُدًّا فَارْحَضُوهَا بِالْمَاءِ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «اغْسِلُوهَا ثُمَّ اطْبُخُوا فِيهَا، وَكُلُوا». وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَاشْرَبُوا \"\n\n٥٦٧ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ، مُخْتَصَرًا ⦗٢٥٤⦘،\n\n٥٦٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ الرَّحَبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ، مُخْتَصَرًا.\n\n٥٦٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ، وَرَوَيْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ","vol":"1","page":253},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-29>بَابُ السِّوَاكِ</span>","vol":"1","page":255},{"text":"٥٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗٢٥٦⦘ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي لَأَمَرْتُهُمْ بِتَأْخِيرِ الْعِشَاءِ، وَالسِّوَاكِ عَنْ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"1","page":255},{"text":"٥٧١ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَوْلَا أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي أَوْ عَلَى النَّاسِ لَأَمَرْتُهُمْ بِالسِّوَاكِ». قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: يَعْنِي مَعَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «مَعَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ»","vol":"1","page":256},{"text":"٥٧٢ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، عُقَيْبَ هَذَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٢٥٧⦘:  «لَوْلَا أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي لَأَمَرْتُهُمْ بِالسِّوَاكِ مَعَ كُلِّ وُضُوءٍ». هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٥٧٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، مَوْقُوفًا وَهُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، مَوْقُوفٌ.\n\n٥٧٤ - ورُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَرَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n٥٧٥ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ كَذَلِكَ مَرْفُوعًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَا الْخَبَرُ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ غَيْرُ مَرْفُوعٍ.\n\n٥٧٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَبِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، مَرْفُوعًا كَرِوَايَةِ رَوْحٍ،\n\n٥٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، فَذَكَرَ رِوَايَتَهُ وَكَلَامَهُ.\n\n٥٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ النَّجَّادُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ مَرْفُوعًا ⦗٢٥٨⦘.\n\n٥٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، كَذَلِكَ مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n٥٨٠ - وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَالِكٌ قَدْ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ مَرْفُوعًا، ثُمَّ يَشُكُّ فِي رَفْعِهِ يَعْنِي: فَيَقِفُهُ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَانَ مَالِكٌ إِذَا شَكَّ فِي الشَّيْءِ انْخَفَضَ، وَالنَّاسُ إِذَا شَكُّوا فِي الشَّيْءِ ارْتَفَعُوا،\n\n٥٨١ - وَهَذَا مِمَّا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ الْعَاصِمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، يَقُولُ: فَذَكَرَهُ فِي آخِرِ حِكَايَةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ","vol":"1","page":256},{"text":"٥٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «السِّوَاكُ مَطْهَرَةٌ لِلْفَمِ مَرْضَاةٌ لِلرَّبِّ»\n\n٥٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنُ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ هُوَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ. وَمُحَمَّدٌ يُكْنَى ⦗٢٥٩⦘: أَبَا عَتِيقٍ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ مَرَّةً عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَمَرَّةً عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"1","page":258},{"text":"٥٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: «وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا قَامَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ يَشُوصُ فَاهُ بِالسِّوَاكِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ","vol":"1","page":259},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-30>بَابُ النِّيَّةِ فِي الْوُضُوءِ</span>","vol":"1","page":260},{"text":"٥٨٥ - فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَالرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، ﵀ ⦗٢٦١⦘ قَالَ: ذَكَرَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّةِ»\n\n٥٨٦ - وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"1","page":260},{"text":"٥٨٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ، الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ السَّقَّاءِ، وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَمُسَدَّدٌ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: \" أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ: إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّةِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِامْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ رَسُولِهِ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى دُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ \"","vol":"1","page":261},{"text":"٥٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الدَّقِيقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ وَقَّاصٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِامْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ. وَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ لِدُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ» ⦗٢٦٢⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ","vol":"1","page":261},{"text":"٥٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عُمَرَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيَّ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَنْدَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ هَارُونَ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الْقَاضِي يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْبُوَيْطِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ:  «يَدْخُلُ فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَالِ بِالنِّيَّاتِ ثُلُثُ الْعِلْمِ»","vol":"1","page":263},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-31>بَابُ سُنَّةِ الْوُضُوءِ وَفَرْضِهِ</span>","vol":"1","page":264},{"text":"٥٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ⦗٢٦٥⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «الطَّهُورُ شَطْرُ الْإِيمَانِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ تَمْلَأُ الْمِيزَانَ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ تَمْلَآنِ أَوْ تَمْلَأُ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَالصَّلَاةُ نُورٌ وَالصَّدَقَةُ بُرْهَانٌ وَالصَّبْرُ ضِيَاءٌ وَالْقُرْآنُ حَجَّةٌ لَكَ أَوْ عَلَيْكَ، كُلُّ النَّاسِ يَغْدُو، فَبَايَعٌ نَفْسَهُ فَمُعْتِقُهَا أَوْ مُوبِقُهَا». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبَانَ الْعَطَّارِ ⦗٢٦٦⦘\n\n٥٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «أُحِبُّ الرَّجُلَ أَنْ يُسَمِّيَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْوُضُوءِ»\n\n٥٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا رُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الْإِنَاءِ الَّذِي وَضَعَ يَدَهُ فِيهِ، وَالْمَاءُ يَفُورُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَصَابِعِهِ: «تَوَضَّئُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ»\n\n٥٩٣ - وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا وُضُوءَ إِنْ لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ»، فَأَسَانِيدُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: لَا أَعْلَمُ فِيهِ حَدِيثًا ثَابِتًا\n\n٥٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى النِّيَّةِ فِي الْوُضُوءِ ⦗٢٦٧⦘\n\n٥٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ غَسْلَ الْيَدَيْنِ قَبْلَ إِدْخَالِهِمَا الْوَضُوءَ لِلسُّنَّةِ","vol":"1","page":264},{"text":"٥٩٦ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ فَلْيَغْسِلْ يَدَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهَا فِي وَضُوئِهِ، فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَا يَدْرِي أَيْنَ بَاتَتْ يَدُهُ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ،\n\n٥٩٧ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ حَدِيثَهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَلَى لَفْظِ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَلَى لَفْظِ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ","vol":"1","page":267},{"text":"٥٩٨ - ثُمَّ رَوَى حَدِيثَهُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ فَلَا يَغْمِسْ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ حَتَّى يَغْسِلَهَا ثَلَاثًا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي أَيْنَ بَاتَتْ يَدُهُ» ⦗٢٦٨⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٥٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ وَزَادَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَهَذَا مِمَّا يُثْبِتُ قَوْلَ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ فِي الْوُضُوءِ مِنْ مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ.\n\n٦٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَقَدْ حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مَعْنَى هَذَا عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٦٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: «وَوَضَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَدَحًا فَتَوَضَّأَ النَّاسُ مِنْ تَحْتِ يَدِهِ، وَلَمُ نَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ اخْتِيَارٌ لَا حَتْمٌ»","vol":"1","page":267},{"text":"٦٠٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ بِالْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ: سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْحُوَيْرِثِ، يَقُولُ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ ⦗٢٦٩⦘: كُنَّا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَتَى الْخَلَاءَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ رَجَعَ فَأُتِيَ بِالطَّعَامِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَلَا تَتَوَضَّأُ؟ قَالَ:  «لَمْ أُصَلِّ فَأَتَوَضَّأَ». رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ. عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٦٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كَانَتْ يَدُهُ تُنَجِّسُ الْمَاءَ إِذَا أُدْخِلَتْ فِيهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُغْسَلَ لَنَجَّسَتِ الطَّعَامَ","vol":"1","page":268},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-32>بَابُ الْمَضْمَضَةِ وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقِ</span>\n٦٠٤ - رُوِّيْنَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ فَمَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْشَقَ ثَلَاثًا، بِثَلَاثِ غُرَفَاتٍ، مِنْ مَاءٍ» ⦗٢٧١⦘\n\n٦٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁: «أَنَّهُ وَصَفَ وُضُوءَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَمَضْمَضَ ثَلَاثًا مَعَ الِاسْتِنْشَاقِ بِمَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ»\n\n٦٠٦ - عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَضْمَضَةِ وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقِ»","vol":"1","page":270},{"text":"٦٠٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، «أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الْمَضْمَضَةِ وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقِ»،\n\n٦٠٨ - مَا مَضَى أَصَحُّ.\n\n٦٠٩ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ يُنْكِرُ حَدِيثَ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ هَذَا،\n\n٦١٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ،\n\n٦١١ - وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، يَقُولُ: جَدُّهُ اسْمُهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ كَعْبٍ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":271},{"text":"٦١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٢٧٢⦘:  «إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَجْعَلْ فِي أَنْفِهِ مَاءً ثُمَّ لِيَسْتَنْثِرْ، وَمَنِ اسْتَجْمَرَ فَلْيوتِرْ». رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":271},{"text":"٦١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ،\n\n٦١٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الجَرْشِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الذَّهْلَيَانِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ فَلْيَسْتَنْثِرْ، وَمَنِ اسْتَجْمَرَ فَلْيوتِرْ». رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"1","page":272},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-33>فَرِيضَةُ الْوُضُوءِ فِي غَسْلِ الْوَجْهِ، وَغَسْلِ الْيَدَيْنِ، وَمَسْحِ الرَّأْسِ، وَغَسْلِ الرِّجْلِ، وَالْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ</span>","vol":"1","page":273},{"text":"٦١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِيرَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: تَخَلَّفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَخَلَّفْتُ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ قَالَ: «مَعَكَ مَاءٌ؟»، فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِمُطْهَرَةٍ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ وَكَفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يَحْسِرُ عَنْ ذِرَاعَيْهِ فَضَاقَ كُمُّ الْجُبَّةِ، فَأَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ مِنَ الْجُبَّةِ، وَأَلْقَى الْجُبَّةَ عَلَى مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَغَسَلَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ، وَمَسَحَ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ، وَعَلَى الْعِمَامَةِ، وَعَلَى خُفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ وَرَكِبْتُ، فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْقَوْمِ وَقَدْ قَامُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَقَدْ رَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ ذَهَبَ يَتَأَخَّرُ، فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ ⦗٢٧٤⦘ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَقُمْتُ مَعَهُ، فَرَكَعْنَا الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي سَبَقَتْنَا\n\n٦١٦ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُزَيْغٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَغَسَلَ كَفَّيْهِ وَوَجْهَهُ. وَرَوَاهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،\n\n٦١٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، مِنْ وَجْهِ آخَرَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فِي بَابِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى","vol":"1","page":273},{"text":"٦١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ هَهُنَا مُخْتَصَرًا كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى ⦗٢٧٥⦘ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ وَهْبٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ فَمَسَحَ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ وَعَلَى عِمَامَتِهِ وَخُفَّيْهِ»","vol":"1","page":274},{"text":"٦١٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَسَحَ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «مُقَدَّمِ رَأْسِهِ بِالْمَاءِ»","vol":"1","page":275},{"text":"٦٢٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ فَحَسَرَ الْعِمَامَةَ، وَمَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رَأْسِهِ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «نَاصِيَتَهُ بِالْمَاءِ».\n\n٦٢١ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَكَذَلِكَ مَا قَبْلَهُ.\n\n٦٢٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ وَهْبٍ، فَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو،\n\n٦٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ وَهْبٍ،\n\n٦٢٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ،\n\n٦٢٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا مَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مَوْصُولًا صَحِيحًا","vol":"1","page":275},{"text":"٦٢٦ - وَرَوَيْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَعْقِلٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْأُمَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: حَدَّثَكَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْقِلٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ وَعَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةٌ قِطْرِيَّةٌ فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعِمَامَةِ فَمَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رَأْسِهِ، وَلَمْ يَنْقُضِ الْعِمَامَةَ». أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"1","page":276},{"text":"٦٢٧ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَمْسَحُ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ مَسْحَةً وَاحِدَةً \"","vol":"1","page":276},{"text":"٦٢٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ رَفَعَ الْقَلَنْسُوَةَ، وَمَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رَأْسِهِ».\n\n٦٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْأُمَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٧٧⦘\n\n٦٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْعِمَامَةِ، فَقَالَ: \" لَا، حَتَّى يُمْسَحَ الشَّعَرُ بِالْمَاءِ\n\n٦٣١ - وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَتْ تُدْخِلُ يَدَهَا مِنْ تَحْتِ الرِّدَاءِ فَتَمْسَحُ رَأْسَهَا كُلَّهُ\n\n٦٣٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ بِلَالٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْعِمَامَةِ فَقَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: بِأَنَّهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، وَأَبُو قِلَابَةَ لَمْ يَرَ بِلَالًا قَطُّ\n\n٦٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لِيَلِي فَبَعْضُ النَّاسِ يُدْخِلُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ رَجُلًا لَا نَعْرِفُهُ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ. وَلَا نَعْلَمُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ رَأَى بِلَالًا قَطُّ، عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَبِلَالٌ بِالشَّامِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مُرْسَلًا فَلَسْنَا نَقْبَلُهُ. وَإِنْ كَانَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ بِلَالٍ فَلَيْسَ يَقْبَلُهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مُخْتَلَفًا فِيهِ كَانَ حَدِيثُ الْمُغِيرَةِ أَثْبَتَ مِنْهُ، لِأَنَّهُ فِي آخِرِ أَسْفَارِهِ إِلَّا سَفَرَ حَجٍّ، وَإِنَّ رِوَايَتَنَا ⦗٢٧٨⦘ عَنْ بِلَالٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ وَمَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَهَذَا أَثْبَتُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ مَعَ مُوَافَقَتِهِ حَدِيثَ الْمُغِيرَةِ\n\n٦٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: أَمَّا تَعْلِيلُهُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ بِالْإِرْسَالِ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ: أَبُو قِلَابَةَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ بِلَالًا","vol":"1","page":276},{"text":"٦٣٥ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو رَجَاءٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَبِنَاصِيَتِهِ، وَالْعِمَامَةِ».\n\n٦٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْوَاسِطِيَّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي قِلَابَةَ. فَذَكَرَهُ. فَعَادَ الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى مِثْلِ مَا رَوَاهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ ⦗٢٧٩⦘\n\n٦٣٧ - وَأَمَّا تَعْلِيلُهُ حَدِيثَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَإِنَّهُ يُدْخِلُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ بِلَالٍ رَجُلًا، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ فِيهِ عَنْهُ عَنْ بِلَالٍ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ: وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ: فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ. وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ","vol":"1","page":278},{"text":"٦٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، جَمِيعًا، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَالْخِمَارِ».\n\n٦٣٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ وَمَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ وَالْعِمَامَةِ،\n\n٦٤٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ،\n\n٦٤١ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ","vol":"1","page":279},{"text":"٦٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْجَوَّابِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمَّارُ بْنُ رُزَيْقٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْسَحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ وَالْخِمَارِ».\n\n٦٤٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ،\n\n٦٤٤ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ بِلَالٍ، مُنْقَطِعًا.\n\n٦٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٤٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ،.\n\n٦٤٧ - وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ سُفْيَانُ، وَغَيْرُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ كَانَ الْحُكْمُ لِرِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ، كَيْفَ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ","vol":"1","page":280},{"text":"٦٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى، يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ بِلَالًا، قَالَ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَمْسَحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ وَالْخِمَارِ»،\n\n٦٤٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، وَأَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ\n\n٦٥٠ - وَأَمَّا تَرْجِيحُهُ حَدِيثَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ: حَدِيثُ الْمُغِيرَةِ ⦗٢٨١⦘ فِي ذَلِكَ صَحِيحٌ. وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، وَهِيَ آخِرُ غَزْوَةٍ غَزَاهَا","vol":"1","page":280},{"text":"٦٥١ - وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةِ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ فِي مَسْحِ الرَّأْسِ فَقَدْ ذَكَرَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي بَابِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَهِيَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبِلَالٌ فَذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَا قَالَ أُسَامَةُ: فَسَأَلْتُ بِلَالًا: مَاذَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ بِلَالٌ: «ذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهَ وَيَدَيْهِ وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ وَمَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ»","vol":"1","page":281},{"text":"٦٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ،. فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ عَالِيًا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَسْوَاقَ فَذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ». فَذَكَرَ الْبَاقِيَ\n\n٦٥٣ - فَفِي هَذَا إِثْبَاتُ الْمَسْحِ بِالرَّأْسِ. وَكَذَلِكَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n٦٥٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: إِثْبَاتُ الْمَسْحِ بِالنَّاصِيَةِ وَالْعِمَامَةِ. وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ.\n\n٦٥٥ - فِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى اخْتِصَارٍ وَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَى الْمَسْحَ عَلَى الْعِمَامَةِ دُونَ النَّاصِيَةِ. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"1","page":281},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-34>الِاخْتِيَارُ فِي مَسْحِ الرَّأْسِ وَمَا جَاءَ فِي غَسْلِ الرِّجْلَيْنِ</span>","vol":"1","page":282},{"text":"٦٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ ⦗٢٨٣⦘ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، وَهُوَ جَدُّ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُرِيَنِي كَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ: نَعَمْ. فَدَعَا بِوُضُوءٍ. فَأَفْرَغَ عَلَى يَدِهِ، فَغَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ تَمَضْمَضَ، وَاسْتَنْثَرَ ثَلَاثًا. ثُمَّ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهَ ثَلَاثًا. ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ بِيَدَيْهِ، فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِمَا وَأَدْبَرَ، بَدَأَ بِمُقَدَّمِ رَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ بِهِمَا إِلَى قَفَاهُ، ثُمَّ رَدَّهُمَا حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي بَدَأَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَعْنِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":282},{"text":"٦٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو هَاشِمٍ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ لَقِيطِ بْنِ صَبِرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ وَافِدَ بَنِي الْمُنْتَفِقِ، أَوْ فِي وَفْدِ بَنِي الْمُنْتَفِقِ فَأَتَيْنَاهُ فَلَمْ نُصَادِفْهُ، وَصَادَفْنَا عَائِشَةَ ﵂، فَأَتَتْنَا بِقِنَاعٍ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ وَالْقِنَاعُ: الطَّبَقُ وَأَمَرَتْ لَنَا بِخَزِيرَةٍ، فَصُنِعَتْ ثُمَّ أَكَلْنَا، فَلَمْ تَلْبَثْ أَنْ جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ أَكَلْتُمْ شَيْئًا؟ هَلْ أُمِرَ لَكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ؟» قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ. فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ دَفَعَ الرَّاعِي غَنَمَهُ، فَإِذَا سَخْلَةٌ تَيْعَرُ، فَقَالَ: «هِيهْ يَا فُلَانُ، مَا وَلَدَتْ؟» قَالَ: بَهْمَةً. قَالَ: «فَاذْبَحْ لَنَا مَكَانَهَا شَاةً». ثُمَّ انْحَرَفَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: «لَا تَحْسِبَنَّ - وَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ - أَنَّا مِنْ أَجْلِكَ ذَبَحْنَاهَا، لَنَا غَنَمٌ مِائَةٌ لَا تَزِيدُ، فَإِذَا وَلَّدَ الرَّاعِي بَهْمَةً ذَبَحْنَا مَكَانَهَا شَاةً» ⦗٢٨٥⦘، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِيَ امْرَأَةً فِي لِسَانِهَا شَيْءٌ يَعْنِي: الْبَذَاءَ قَالَ: «طَلِّقْهَا». قُلْتُ: إِنَّ لِي مِنْهَا وَلَدًا وَلَهَا صُحْبَةٌ. قَالَ: «فَمُرْهَا»، يَقُولُ: «عِظْهَا فَإِنْ يَكُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ فَسَتَقْبَلُ، وَلَا تَضْرِبَنَّ ظَعِينَتَكَ ضَرْبَكَ أَمَتَكَ»، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْوُضُوءِ قَالَ: «أَسْبِغِ الْوُضُوءَ، وَخَلِّلْ بَيْنَ الْأَصَابِعِ، وَبَالِغْ فِي الِاسْتِنْشَاقِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ صَائِمًا». أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ فِي آخَرِينَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ","vol":"1","page":284},{"text":"٦٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ بَشِيرِ بْنِ مُحْرِزٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ سَبَلَانَ، مَوْلَى النَّصْرِيِّينَ، قَالُوا: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَكَانَتْ تَخْرُجُ بِابْنِي حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ بِهَا. قَالَ: فَأَتَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِوَضُوءٍ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ أَسْبِغِ الْوُضُوءَ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ ⦗٢٨٦⦘:  «وَيْلٌ لِلْأَعْقَابِ مِنَ النَّارِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»","vol":"1","page":285},{"text":"٦٥٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَسْبِغِ الْوُضُوءَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «وَيْلٌ لِلْأَعْقَابِ مِنَ النَّارِ».\n\n٦٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، مَوْلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَهُوَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ.\n\n٦٦١ - وَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ الْحُفَّاظِ: أَنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنَ عَمَّارٍ وَهِمَ فِي ذِكْرِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ كَافَّةُ أَصْحَابِ يَحْيَى عَنْهُ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ كَمَا مَضَى","vol":"1","page":286},{"text":"٦٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ ⦗٢٨٧⦘، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَرْبٍ الطَّائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَدِّي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، يَعْنِي الْحَفَرِيَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، عَلَى قَوْمٍ يَتَوَضَّئُونَ، فَرَأَى أَعْقَابَهُمْ تَلُوحُ، فَقَالَ: «أَسْبِغُوا الْوُضُوءَ، وَيْلٌ لِلْأَعْقَابِ مِنَ النَّارِ».\n\n٦٦٣ - بَلَغَنِي عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا: أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ، ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ هِلَالِ بْنِ يَسَافٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي بَعْضِ كُتُبِهِ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَمَنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَبُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَنُعَيْمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، مَوْلَى شَدَّادٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ⦗٢٨٨⦘\n\n٦٦٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ جَزْءٍ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «وَيْلٌ لِلْأَعْقَابِ وَبُطُونِ الْأَقْدَامِ مِنَ النَّارِ»،\n\n٦٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَزْءٍ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"1","page":286},{"text":"٦٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لِأَعْمَى يَتَوَضَّأُ: «بَطْنَ الْقَدَمِ، بَطْنَ الْقَدَمِ»، فَجَعَلَ الْأَعْمَى يَغْسِلُ بَطْنَ الْقَدَمِ، وَلَا يَسْمَعُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَسُمِّي الْبَصِيرَ\n\n٦٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَسَحَ عَلَى ظُهُورِ قَدَمَيْهِ»،\n\n٦٦٨ - وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَشَّ ظُهُورَهُمَا. أَمَّا أَحَدُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ فَلَيْسَ مِمَّا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ لَوِ انْفَرَدَ ⦗٢٨٩⦘.\n\n٦٦٩ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ فَحَسَنُ الْإِسْنَادِ لَوْ كَانَ مُنْفَرِدًا ثَبَتَ، وَالَّذِي خَالَفَهُ أَكْثَرُ وَأَثْبَتُ مِنْهُ","vol":"1","page":288},{"text":"٦٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِالْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n٦٧١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الشِّيرَازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو السَّوْدَاءِ عَمْرٌو النَّهْدِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَمْسَحُ عَلَى ظُهُورِ قَدَمَيْهِ، وَيَقُولُ: «لَوْلَا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْسَحُ ظُهُورَهُمَا لَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ بُطُونَهُمَا أَحَقَّ بِهِ»\n\n٦٧٢ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ. وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبْدُ خَيْرٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدُ خَيْرٍ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ. وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَتْنِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: فَرَوِيَ هَكَذَا. وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ","vol":"1","page":289},{"text":"٦٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصٌ هُوَ ابْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «لَوْ كَانَ الدِّينُ بِالرَّأْيِ لَكَانَ بَاطِنُ الْخُفَّيْنِ أَحَقَّ بِالْمَسْحِ مِنْ ظَاهِرِهِمَا، وَلَكِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْسَحُ عَلَى ظَاهِرِهِمَا»،\n\n٦٧٤ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْأَوَّلِ مَا فُسِّرَ فِي هَذَا. وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ: أَنَّ الْمَسْحَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ فِي وُضُوءِ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ","vol":"1","page":290},{"text":"٦٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى الْبَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي اللَّيْثِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ دَعَا بِكُوزٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءًا خَفِيفًا، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ عَلَى نَعْلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَكَذَا وُضُوءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لِلطَّاهِرِ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثْ»\n\n٦٧٦ - وَهُوَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ النَّزَّالِ بْنِ سَبْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: أَتَى بِكُوزٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ حَفْنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَمَسَحَ بِهَا وَجْهَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ وَرَأْسَهُ وَرِجْلَيْهِ. وَرَفَعَهُ إِلَيَّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «هَذَا وُضُوءُ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ» ⦗٢٩١⦘\n\n٦٧٧ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ مَسَحَهُ فِي كُلِّ حَدِيثٍ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ مُطْلَقًا كَانَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَمِمَّا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ رِوَايَةُ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي صِفَةِ وُضُوءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"1","page":290},{"text":"٦٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَرَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِالْحَدِيثِ الثَّانِي: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْجُمَاهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تَوَضَّأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ فَاسْتَنْشَقَ وَمَضْمَضَ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَهَا فَصَبَّ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ مَرَّةً، وَعَلَى يَدِهِ مَرَّةً وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ وَأُذُنَيْهِ مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِمِلْءِ كَفَّيْهِ مَاءً فَرَشَّ عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ، وَهُوَ مُنْتَعِلٌ»","vol":"1","page":291},{"text":"٦٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيٌّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَتُحِبُّونَ أَنْ أُرِيَكُمْ كَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ؟ قَالَ: فَدَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ فِيهِ مَاءٌ فَاغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً فَمَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْشَقَ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ أُخْرَى يَجْمَعُ بِهَا يَدَيْهِ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ أُخْرَى فَغَسَلَ يَدَهُ الْيمْنَى، ثُمَّ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً أُخْرَى فَغَسَلَ يَدَهُ الْيسْرَى، ثُمَّ قَبَضَ قَبْضَةً مِنَ الْمَاءِ فَنَفَضَ يَدَيْهِ فَمَسَحَ بِهَا رَأْسَهُ وَأُذُنَيْهِ، ثُمَّ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً أُخْرَى فَرَشَّ عَلَى رِجْلِهِ وَفِيهَا النَّعْلُ ⦗٢٩٢⦘، وَالْيسْرَى مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، وَمَسَحَ بِأَسْفَلِ النَّعْلَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَكَذَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَتَوَضَّأُ»،\n\n٦٨٠ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، هَكَذَا.\n\n٦٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، وَوَرْقَاءُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَتْنِ، وَذَكَرَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي حَدِيثِهِ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ غُرْفَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ فَغَسَلَ رِجْلَهُ الْيمْنَى، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ غُرْفَةً أُخْرَى فَغَسَلَ رِجْلَهُ الْيسْرَى، أَوْ مَا فِي مَعْنَى هَذَا.\n\n٦٨٢ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ.\n\n٦٨٣ - وَهِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَيْسَا مِنَ الْحِفْظِ بِحَيْثُ يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُمَا مَا يَنْفَرِدَانِ بِهِ. كَيْفَ وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُمَا عَدَدُ ثِقَاتٍ. مَعَ أَنَّهُ يَحْتَمِلُ حَدِيثِهِمَا أَنَّهُ رَشَّ الْمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِي النَّعْلَيْنِ وَغَسَلَهُمَا فِيهِمَا،\n\n٦٨٤ - وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ مَا رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ قَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَرْمِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ وَعَلَيْهِ نَعْلُهُ»","vol":"1","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-35>بَابُ الْوُضُوءِ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً وَمَا جَاءَ فِي عَدَدِهِ</span>","vol":"1","page":293},{"text":"٦٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «تَوَضَّأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ فَاسْتَنْشَقَ وَمَضْمَضَ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فَصَبَّ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ مَرَّةً وَصَبَّ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مَرَّةً وَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ وَأُذُنَيْهِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً»","vol":"1","page":293},{"text":"٦٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حُمْرَانَ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، تَوَضَّأَ بِالْمَقَاعِدِ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٩٤⦘، يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ وَيَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ»\n\n٦٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِيمَا مَضَى عَنْ غَيْرِهِ بِتَمَامِهِ.\n\n٦٨٨ - وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يَسُقِ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَتْنَهُ بِالتَّمَامِ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْمُخَالَفَةِ لِرِوَايَةِ غَيْرِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ الْأَثْبَاتِ.\n\n٦٨٩ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي فَقَدْ وَقَعَ فِي مَتْنِهِ فِي ثَوَابِ الْوُضُوءِ مَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٦٩٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَالْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَقَالُوا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: هَكَذَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَتَوَضَّأُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَتَوَضَّأُ فَيُحْسِنُ الْوُضُوءَ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي إِلَّا غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى»\n\n٦٩١ - وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ، وَوَكِيعٌ، وَعَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ فِي ثَوَابِ الْوُضُوءِ. وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ","vol":"1","page":293},{"text":"٦٩٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ مُخْتَصَرًا دُونَ ⦗٢٩٥⦘ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ. فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ خَطَأً مِنَ الْكَاتِبِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ذَكَرَهَا هَكَذَا مَرَّةً. فَقَدْ رَوَى مَعْنَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ فِي حَدِيثِ حُمْرَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ فَأَحْسَنَ الْوُضُوءَ خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَاهُ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَظْفَارِهِ».\n\n٦٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ حُمْرَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثٍ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ. وَهُوَ بِمَعْنَاهُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"1","page":294},{"text":"٦٩٤ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيُّ، عَنْ حُمْرَانَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي ثَوَابِ الْوُضُوءِ شَيْئًا آخَرَ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،\n\n٦٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ جُرَيجٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ،\n\n٦٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ،\n\n٦٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا ⦗٢٩٦⦘: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ: حُمْرَانَ، مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ دَعَا يَوْمًا بِوُضُوءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ، فَغَسَلَ كَفَّيْهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ مَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْثَرَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ الْيمْنَى إِلَى الْمِرْفَقِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ الْيسْرَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَهُ الْيمْنَى إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ الْيسْرَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا تَوَضَّأَ نَحْوَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ نَحْوَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا، ثُمَّ قَامَ يَرْكَعُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ لَا يُحَدِّثُ فِيهِمَا نَفْسَهُ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ»\n\n٦٩٨ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَكَانَ عُلَمَاؤُنَا يَقُولُونَ: هَذَا الْوُضُوءُ أَسْبَغُ مَا تَوَضَّأَ بِهِ أَحَدٌ لِلصَّلَاةِ. هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَوْلُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَقَالُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ وَغَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَأَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ. وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْأُوَيْسِيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ","vol":"1","page":295},{"text":"٦٩٩ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: قَالَ صَالِحٌ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: لَكِنَّ عُرْوَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ حُمْرَانَ قَالَ: تَوَضَّأَ عُثْمَانُ، وَقَالَ: لَأُحَدِّثَنَّكُمْ حَدِيثًا لَوْلَا آيَةٌ مَا حَدَّثْتُكُمُوهُ، سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَقُولُ:  «لَا يَتَوَضَّأُ رَجُلٌ فَيُحْسِنُ وُضُوءَهُ وَيُصَلِّي الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَهَا». وَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ: الْآيَةَ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٩].\n\n٧٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَاجِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا فَضْلُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَلَكِنَّ عُرْوَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالُ: لَوْلَا آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ","vol":"1","page":297},{"text":"٧٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الرُّبَيِّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْتِينَا، فَحَدَّثَتْنَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اسْكُبِي لِي وَضُوءًا»، فَذَكَرَ وُضُوءَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ فِيهِ ⦗٢٩٨⦘: فَغَسَلَ كَفَّيْهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَوَضَّأَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْشَقَ مَرَّةً، وَوَضَّأَ يَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ يَبْدَأُ بِمُؤَخَّرِ رَأْسِهِ ثُمَّ بِمُقَدَّمِهِ، وَبِأُذُنَيْهِ كِلْتَيْهِمَا: ظُهُورِهِمَا، وَبُطُونِهِمَا، وَوَضَّأَ رِجْلَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا.\n\n٧٠٢ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذَا مَعْنَى حَدِيثُ مُسَدَّدٍ\n\n٧٠٣ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ يُغَيِّرُ بَعْضَ مَعَانِي بِشْرٍ قَالَ فِيهِ: «يُمَضْمِضُ، وَيَسْتَنْثِرُ ثَلَاثًا»","vol":"1","page":297},{"text":"٧٠٤ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «ثُمَّ تَمَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْشَقَ وَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَمَسَحُ بِأُذُنَيْهِ ظَاهِرِهِمَا وَبَاطِنِهِمَا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ قَدَمَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا»\n\n٧٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ تَوَضَّأَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَذَا وُضُوءٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا بِهِ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَتَاهُ اللَّهُ أَجْرَهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ»، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، فَقَالَ: «هَذَا وُضُوئِي، وَوُضُوءُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلِي، وَوُضُوءُ خَلِيلِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇»","vol":"1","page":298},{"text":"٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُسَيَّبُ بْنُ وَاضِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ⦗٢٩٩⦘ تَوَضَّأَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، فَذَكَرَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْمَرَّتَيْنِ: \" هَذَا وُضُوءُ مَنْ يُضَاعِفُ اللَّهُ لَهُ الْأَجْرَ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَقَالَ فِي الثَّلَاثِ: هَذَا وُضُوئِي وَوُضُوءُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ قَبْلِي \"، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇.\n\n٧٠٧ - الْمُسَيَّبُ بْنُ وَاضِحٍ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ،\n\n٧٠٨ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n٧٠٩ - وَإِنَّمَا اعْتَمَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي التَّكْرَارِ عَلَى حَمَلِهِ حَدِيثَ حُمْرَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ،\n\n٧١٠ - وَالرِّوَايَاتُ الثَّابِتَاتُ عِنْدَ صَاحِبَيِ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ، تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ التَّكْرَارَ، وَقَعَ فِيمَا عَدَا الرَّأْسِ مِنَ الْأَعْضَاءِ، وَأَنَّهُ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً\n\n٧١١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ غَرِيبَةٍ ذِكْرُ التَّكْرَارِ فِي مَسْحِ الرَّأْسِ فِي حَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ: فَمِنْهَا رِوَايَةُ شَقِيقِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ يَتَوَضَّأُ. فَذَكَرَ غَسْلَ ⦗٣٠٠⦘ أَعْضَائِهِ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ ثَلَاثًا وَأُذُنَيْهِ ظَاهِرِهِمَا وَبَاطِنِهِمَا، وَخَلَّلَ لِحْيَتَهُ وَغَسَلَ قَدَمَيْهِ، وَخَلَّلَ أَصَابِعَ قَدَمَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَلَ كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي فَعَلْتُ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ جُنَاحُ بْنُ نَذِيرٍ، الْقَاضِي بِالْكُوفَةِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ شَقِيقِ بْنِ جَمْرَةَ، عَنْ شَقِيقِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ. فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٧١٢ - وَمِنْهَا رِوَايَةُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّهُ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَكَذَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَلَ».\n\n٧١٣ - وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ اللُّؤْلُؤِيِّ، وَأَبِي يَحْيَى الْحِمَّانِيِّ، وَأَبِي مُطِيعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ\n\n٧١٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «أَنْهُ كَانَ يَمْسَحُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ثَلَاثًا يَأْخُذُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مَاءً جَدِيدًا». وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"1","page":298},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-36>تَخْلِيلُ اللِّحْيَةِ فِي غَسْلِ الْوَجْهِ وَمَسْحِ الْأُذُنَيْنِ بَعْدَ الرَّأْسِ</span>","vol":"1","page":301},{"text":"٧١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى عَمَّارَ بْنَ ⦗٣٠٢⦘ يَاسِرٍ يَتَوَضَّأُ فَخَلَّلَ لِحْيَتَهُ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَتُخَلِّلُ لِحْيَتَكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «وَمَا يَمْنَعُنِي وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُخَلِّلُ لِحْيَتِهِ»\n\n٧١٦ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ\n\n٧١٧ - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ سُفْيَانَ مَرَّةً، يَعْنِي: حَدِيثَ سَعِيدٍ.\n\n٧١٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ","vol":"1","page":301},{"text":"٧١٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ خَارِجَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ حَبَّانَ بْنِ وَاسِعٍ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، يَذْكُرُ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ فَأَخَذَ لِأُذُنَيْهِ مَاءً خِلَافَ الْمَاءِ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ لِرَأْسِهِ»","vol":"1","page":302},{"text":"٧٢٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، وَهَارُونَ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، وَهَارُونَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَيْلِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: «وَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ بِمَاءٍ غَيْرِ فَضْلِ يَدِهِ»، وَلَمُ يَذْكُرِ الْأُذُنَيْنِ.\n\n٧٢١ - وَعَلَى هَذَا اعْتَمَدَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ دُونَ الْأَوَّلِ\n\n٧٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُعِيدُ أُصْبُعَهُ فِي الْمَاءِ فَيَمْسَحَ بِهِمَا أُذُنَيْهِ»","vol":"1","page":303},{"text":"٧٢٣ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْأُذُنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ»، فَأَشْهَرُ إِسْنَادٍ فِيهِ: حَدِيثُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سِنَانِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ\n\n٧٢٤ - وَكَانَ حَمَّادٌ يَشُكُّ فِي رَفْعِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْهُ، فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي هُوَ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَوْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ ⦗٣٠٤⦘،\n\n٧٢٥ - وَكَانَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، وَيَقُولُ: الْأُذُنَانِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، فَمَنْ قَالَ غَيْرَ هَذَا فَقَدْ بَدَّلَ.\n\n٧٢٦ - وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، يَقُولُ: سِنَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ لَيْسَ هُوَ بِالْقَوِيِّ،\n\n٧٢٧ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ شَهْرًا: نَزَكُوهُ ⦗٣٠٥⦘، إِنَّ شَهْرًا نَزَكُوهُ. أَيْ طَعَنُوا فِيهِ\n\n٧٢٨ - وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ، يَرْوِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ شَهْرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ عَلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ فَأَخَذَ خَرِيطَةً فِيهَا دَرَاهِمُ. فَقَالَ الْقَائِلُ:\n[البحر الطويل]\nلَقَدْ بَاعَ شَهْرٌ دِينَهُ بِخَرِيطَةٍ ... فَمَنْ يَأْمَنِ الْقُرَّاءَ بَعْدَكَ يَا شَهْرُ\n\n٧٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: ثُمَّ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَاءٍ فَمَسَحَ بِهِ رَأْسَهُ، فَقَالَ: «بِالْوُسْطَيَيْنِ مِنْ أَصَابِعِهِ فِي بَاطِنِ أُذُنَيْهِ، وَالْإِبْهَامَيْنِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ أُذُنَيْهِ»،\n\n٧٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ: أَنْهُ مَسَحَ أُذُنَيْهِ دَاخِلَهُمَا بِالسَّبَّابَتَيْنِ، وَخَالَفَ بِإِبْهَامَيْهِ فَمَسَحَ بَاطِنَهُمَا وَظَاهِرَهُمَا. فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ عَزَلَ مِنْ كُلِّ يَدٍ أُصْبُعَيْنِ لِأُذُنَيْهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":303},{"text":"٧٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَمْسَحُ ظَاهَرَ أُذُنَيْهِ وَبَاطِنَهُمَا، وَقَالَ: هَكَذَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفْعَلُ. رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، وَقَدْ وَهِمَ فِيهِ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ. إِنَّمَا الرِّوَايَةُ الْمَحْفُوظَةُ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّهُ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ عَزَاهُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":306},{"text":"٧٣٢ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي بَابِ ثَوَابِ الْوُضُوءِ مِنْ كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى أَحَادِيثَ.\n\n٧٣٣ - مِنْهَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ - ﵀ - قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الْفَرَّاءُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَاضِرُ بْنُ الْمُوَرِّعِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ،\n\n٧٣٤ - ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمْ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حُمْرَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَأُحَدِّثَنَّكُمْ حَدِيثًا لَوْلَا آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ - ﷿ - مَا حَدَّثْتُكُمُوهُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ:  «لَا ⦗٣٠٧⦘ يَتَوَضَّأُ رَجُلٌ فَيُحْسِنُ وُضُوءَهُ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَهَا». وَزَادَ مُحَاضِرٌ: أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ دَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ. رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، وَأَبِي أُسَامَةَ، وَوَكِيعٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ","vol":"1","page":306},{"text":"٧٣٥ - وَمِنْهَا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ الْعَبْدُ الْمُسْلِمُ أَوِ الْمُؤْمِنُ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا بِعَيْنَيْهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ فَإِذَا غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ يَدَيْهِ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ بَطَشَتْهَا يَدَاهُ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ، فَإِذَا غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ خَرَجَتْ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ مَشَتْهَا رِجْلَاهُ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ نَقِيًّا مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ» رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ","vol":"1","page":307},{"text":"٧٣٦ - وَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ ⦗٣٠٨⦘ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِمَا يَمْحُو اللَّهُ بِهِ الْخَطَايَا وَيَرْفَعُ بِهِ الدَّرَجَاتِ؟ إِسْبَاغُ الْوُضُوءِ عَلَى الْمَكَارِهِ، وَكَثْرَةُ الْخُطَا إِلَى الْمَسَاجِدِ، وَانْتِظَارُ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَذَلِكُمُ الرِّبَاطُ، فَذَلِكُمُ الرِّبَاطُ، فَذَلِكُمُ الرِّبَاطُ». وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَعْنِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":307},{"text":"٧٣٧ - وَمِنْهَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، خَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَقْبَرَةِ، فَقَالَ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ دَارَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ، وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ إِخْوَانَنَا»، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَسْنَا بِإِخْوَانِكَ؟ قَالَ: «بَلْ أَنْتُمْ أَصْحَابِي، وَإِخْوَانُنَا الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بَعْدُ، وَأَنَا فَرَطُهُمْ عَلَى الْحَوْضِ»، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تَعْرِفُ مَنْ يَأْتِي بَعْدَكَ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ؟ قَالَ: «أَرَأَيْتَ لَوَ كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ خَيْلٌ غُرٌّ مُحَجَّلَةٌ فِي خَيْلٍ ⦗٣٠٩⦘ دُهْمٍ بُهْمٍ، أَلَا يَعْرِفُ خَيْلَهُ؟»، قَالُوا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: \" فَإِنَّهُمْ يَأْتُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ غُرًّا مُحَجَّلِينَ، مِنَ الْوُضُوءِ. وَأَنَا فَرَطُهُمْ عَلَى الْحَوْضِ. فَلَا يُذَادَنَّ رِجَالٌ عَنْ حَوْضِي، كَمَا يُذَادُ الْبَعِيرُ الضَّالُّ، أُنَادِيهِمْ: أَلَا هَلُمَّ أَلَا هَلُمَّ أَلَا هَلُمَّ فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ بَدَّلُوا بَعْدَكَ، فَأَقُولُ: فَسُحْقًا. فَسُحْقًا. فَسُحْقًا \".\nوَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَعْنٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٧٣٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ الْمُجَمِّرِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي إِشْرَاعِهِ فِي الْعَضُدِ فِي غَسَلِ الْيَدَيْنِ، وَإِشْرَاعِهِ فِي السَّاقِ فِي غَسَلِ الرَّجُلَيْنٍ، وَقَوْلِهِ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ ⦗٣١٠⦘: «إِنَّ أُمَّتِي يَأْتُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ غُرًّا مُحَجَّلِينَ مِنْ آثَارِ الْوُضُوءِ، فَمَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يُطِيلَ غُرَّتَهُ فَلْيَفْعَلْ»","vol":"1","page":308},{"text":"٧٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَارَةُ بْنُ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْتُمُ الْغُرُّ، الْمُحَجَّلُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ إِسْبَاغِ الْوُضُوءِ، فَمَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمْ فَلْيُطِلْ غُرَّتَهُ، وَتَحْجِيلَهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ","vol":"1","page":310},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-37>بَابُ مُتَابَعَةِ الْوُضُوءِ</span>","vol":"1","page":311},{"text":"٧٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُتَابِعَ الْوُضُوءَ، وَلَا يُفَرِّقَهُ، لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، جَاءَ بِهِ مُتَتَابِعًا»،\n\n٧٤١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ قَطَعَ الْوُضُوءَ فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَسْتَأْنَفَ وُضُوءًا، وَلَا يَتَبَيَّنُ لِي أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ اسْتِئْنَافُ وُضُوءٍ","vol":"1","page":311},{"text":"٧٤٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٣١٢⦘: «أَنَّهُ تَوَضَّأَ بِالسُّوقِ، فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ دُعِيَ لِجَنَازَةٍ فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ لِيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا فَمَسَحَ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا»\n\n٧٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي، وَفِي ظَهْرِ قَدَمِهِ لَمْعَةٌ قَدْرَ الدِّرْهَمِ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا الْمَاءُ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعِيدَ الْوُضُوءَ وَالصَّلَاةَ»، إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٧٤٤ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرِهِ فِي مَعْنَى هَذَا: «ارْجِعْ فَأَحْسَنْ وضُوءَكَ»،\n\n٧٤٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي جَوَازِ التَّفْرِيقِ","vol":"1","page":311},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-38>بَابُ تَقْدِيمِ الْوُضُوءِ</span>\n٧٤٦ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي وُجُوبِ التَّرْتِيبِ فِي الْوُضُوءِ ⦗٣١٤⦘ بِالْآيَةِ، وَبِحَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي صِفَةِ وُضُوءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ","vol":"1","page":313},{"text":"٧٤٧ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ فَرَغَ مِنْ رَكْعَتَيِ الطَّوَافِ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصَّفَا، فَقَالَ:  «نَبْدَأُ بِمَا بَدَأَ اللَّهُ بِهِ»","vol":"1","page":314},{"text":"٧٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ الصَّفَا، يَقُولُ: «نَبْدَأُ بِمَا بَدَأَ اللَّهُ بِهِ»، فَبَدَأَ بِالصَّفَا. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ\n\n٧٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَالَ قَائِلٌ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَضَّأَ يَسَارَهَ قَبْلَ يَمِينِهِ؟ قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَإِنَّ التَّيَامُنَ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْوُضُوءِ فَبَدَأَ بِمَيَاسِرِهِ \" ⦗٣١٥⦘\n\n٧٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا ثَبَتَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَلَيْسَتْ عَلَيْنَا فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ، وَلَيْسَ مَا خَالَفَنَا فِيهِ سَبِيلٌ\n\n٧٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: الرِّوَايَةُ الْمَشْهُورَةُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ هَكَذَا","vol":"1","page":314},{"text":"٧٥٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عَوْفٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ هِنْدَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ:  «مَا أُبَالِي إِذَا أَتْمَمْتُ وُضُوئِي بِأَيِّ أَعْضَائِي بَدَأْتُ». وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n٧٥٣ - وَرَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ هِنْدَ، هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَالَ عَوْفٌ: وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"1","page":315},{"text":"٧٥٤ - وَرَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ:  «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَبْدَأَ بِرِجْلَيْكَ قَبْلَ يَدَيْكَ». وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، وَلَا يَثْبُتُ. قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، ﵀، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ عَنْهُ، وَهَذَا لِأَنَّ مُجَاهِدًا لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"1","page":315},{"text":"٧٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُحِبُّ ⦗٣١٦⦘ التَّيَامُنَ فِي أَمَرِهِ: فِي وَضُوئِهِ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ، وَفِي انْتِعَالِهِ إِذَا انْتَعَلَ. كَأَنَّهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الِاخْتِيَارِ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"1","page":315},{"text":"٧٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَثُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحِبُّ التَّيَمُّنَ فِي طَهُورِهِ، وَتَرَجُّلِهِ، وَتَنَعُّلِهِ \"،\n\n٧٥٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ: «فِي طَهُورِهِ إِذَا تَطَهَّرَ، وَفِي تَرَجُّلِهِ إِذَا تَرَجَّلَ، وَفِي انْتِعَالِهِ إِذَا انْتَعَلَ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مِنْهَالٍ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"1","page":316},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-39>بَابُ مَسِّ الْمُصْحَفِ</span>\n٧٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٩]، فَاخْتَلَفَ فِيهَا بَعْضُ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ: فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: فَرَضٌ، لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا مُطَهَّرٌ، يَعْنِي: مُتَطَهِّرٌ تَجُوزُ لَهُ الصَّلَاةُ","vol":"1","page":317},{"text":"٧٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيُّ: أَنَّهُ قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ لَوْ تَوَضَّأْتَ، لَعَلَّنَا نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ آيٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ؟ فَقَالَ: سَلُوا، فَإِنِّي لَا أَمَسُّهُ، وَإِنَّهُ ﴿لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٩]. قَالَ: فَسَأَلْنَاهُ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْنَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ، أَوْ ذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ ⦗٣١٨⦘\n\n٧٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الرَّفَّاءُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مِنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ، فَذَكَرَ أَقْوَالًا مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِهِمْ، قَالَ: وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: لَا يَمَسُّ الْقُرْآنَ إِلَّا طَاهِرٌ، وَكَأَنَّهُمْ ذَهَبُوا فِي تَأْوِيلِ الْآيَةِ إِلَى مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ سَلْمَانُ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ حَمَلَتْهُ أُخْتُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي قِصَّةِ إِسْلَامِهِ،\n\n٧٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا الْمَعْنَى تَحْتَمِلُهُ الْآيَةُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٧٦٢ - وَمَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى هَذَا يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"1","page":317},{"text":"٧٦٣ - فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: أَنَّ فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: «أَنَّهُ لَا يَمَسُّ الْقُرْآنَ إِلَّا طَاهِرٌ»،\n\n٧٦٤ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n٧٦٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣١٩⦘.\n\n٧٦٦ - وَمَنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"1","page":318},{"text":"٧٦٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُسَافَرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ». قَالَ مَالِكٌ: أَرَاهُ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَنَالَهُ الْعَدُوُّ. وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٧٦٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ بَعْضَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ آلِ حَزْمٍ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَهَى عَنْهُ لِئَلَّا يَنَالُهُ مُشْرِكٌ فَيَمَسَّهُ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَهَى عَنْهُ لِذَلِكَ، وَلِئَلَّا يَنَالُهُ فَيَعْبَثَ بِهِ ⦗٣٢٠⦘.\n\n٧٦٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٩]. يَعْنِي: لَا يَمَسُّهُ فِي اللَّوْحِ الْمَحْفُوظِ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ، يَعْنِي: الْمَلَائِكَةَ","vol":"1","page":319},{"text":"٧٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿لَا يَمَسُّهُ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٩] يَعْنِي: الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ، يَقُولُ: لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمَلَائِكَةُ فَهُمُ الْمُطَهَّرُونَ \"","vol":"1","page":320},{"text":"٧٧١ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ:  «الْمُطَهَّرُونَ هُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ»","vol":"1","page":320},{"text":"٧٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمٌ الْأَحْوَلُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٩] قَالَ: «الْمُطَهَّرُونَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ»\n\n٧٧٣ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَلِيمِيُّ، ﵀ فِيمَا كَتَبَ بِهِ إِلَيْنَا ⦗٣٢١⦘: إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ إِنَّمَا وَصَلَتْ إِلَى مَسِّ ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابِ لِأَنَّهُمْ مُطَهَّرُونَ، وَالْمُطَهَّرُ هُوَ: الْمُيَسَّرُ لِلْعِبَادَةِ وَالْمَرْضِيُّ لَهَا. فَثَبَتَ أَنَّ الْمُطَهَّرَ مِنَ النَّاسِ هُوَ: الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَمَسَّ الْمُصْحَفَ، وَالْمُحْدِثُ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، لِأَنَّهُ مَمْنُوعٌ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ وَالطَّوَافِ، وَالْجُنُبُ وَالْحَائِضُ مَمْنُوعَانِ عَنْهُمَا وَعَنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ حَمْلُ الْمُصْحَفِ وَلَا مَسُّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":320},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-40>بَابُ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ</span>","vol":"1","page":322},{"text":"٧٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، وَمِسْعَرِ بْنِ كِدَامٍ، وَشُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ بَعَثَ رَجُلَيْنٍ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّكُمَا عَلْجَانِ. فَعَالِجَا عَنْ دِينِكُمَا، وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَحْجُبُهُ أَوْ يَحْجُرُهُ عَنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ، لَيْسَ ⦗٣٢٣⦘ الْجَنَابَةَ»\n\n٧٧٥ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، مُخْتَصَرًا ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتًا فَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ قِرَاءَةَ الْقُرْآنِ تَجُورُ لِغَيْرِ الطَّاهِرِ، مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ جُنُبًا، فَإِذَا كَانَ جُنُبًا لَمْ يَجُزْ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ، وَالْحَائِضُ فِي مِثْلِ حَالِ الْجُنُبِ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَشَدَّ نَجَاسَةً مِنْهُ،\n\n٧٧٦ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي كِتَابِ جِمَاعِ الطُّهُورِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَأُحِبُّ لِلْجُنُبِ وَالْحَائِضِ أَنْ يَدَعَا الْقُرْآنَ حَتَّى يَطْهُرَا احْتِيَاطًا لِمَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ يُثْبِتُونَهُ.\n\n٧٧٧ - وَإِنَّمَا تَوَقَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي ثُبُوتِ الْحَدِيثِ لِأَنَّ مَدَارَهُ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْكُوفِيِّ، وَكَانُ قَدْ كَبُرَ، وَأُنْكِرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ بَعْضُ النَّكْرَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بَعْدَ مَا كَبُرَ قَالَهُ شُعْبَةُ ⦗٣٢٤⦘.\n\n٧٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ، يَقُولُ: وَإِنْ كُنَّا نَعْرِفُ وَنُنْكِرُ.\n\n٧٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ح.\n\n٧٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَدْ كَبُرَ، وَكَانُ يُحَدِّثُنَا، فَنَعْرِفُ وَنُنْكِرُ، هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَحْمَدَ\n\n٧٨١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ يُحَدِّثُنَا، وَكَانُ قَدْ كَبُرَ، فَكُنَّا نَعْرِفُ وَنُنْكِرُ، زَادَ ابْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: وَاللَّهِ لَأُخْرِجَنَّهُ مِنْ عُنُقِي وَلَأُلْقِيَنَّهُ فِي أَعْنَاقِكُمْ","vol":"1","page":322},{"text":"٧٨٢ - وَقَدْ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي: أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، وَشُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَحْجُبُهُ مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ جُنُبًا»،\n\n٧٨٣ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قَالَ لِي شُعْبَةُ: لَيْسَ أُحَدِّثُ بِحَدِيثٍ أَجْوَدَ مِنْ ذَا","vol":"1","page":325},{"text":"٧٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَصَحَّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: «كَانَ عُمَرُ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ»\n\n٧٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْجُنُبِ: «لَا يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ، وَلَا حَرْفًا وَاحِدًا»","vol":"1","page":325},{"text":"٧٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيَّ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَقْرَأُ الْجُنُبُ وَلَا الْحَائِضُ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ» ⦗٣٢٦⦘،\n\n٧٨٧ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، وَرِوَايَةُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ، ضَعِيفَةٌ لَا يَحْتَجُّ بِهَا أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ. قَالَهُ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"1","page":325},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-41>بَابُ ذَكَرِ اللَّهِ ﷿ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ</span>","vol":"1","page":327},{"text":"٧٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَرَّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ يَبُولُ: فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهٍ الرَّجُلُ، فَرَدَّ ﵇ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ نَادَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: \" إِنَّمَا حَمَلَنِي عَلَى الرَّدِّ عَلَيْكَ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ تَذْهَبَ فَتَقُولَ: إِنِّي سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَى، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتَنِي عَلَى هَذِهِ الْحَالِ فَلَا تُسَلِّمْ عَلَيَّ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تَفْعَلْ لَا أَرُدُّ عَلَيْكَ \". كَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ","vol":"1","page":327},{"text":"٧٨٩ - وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَرَّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَبُولُ، فَسَلَّمَ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ» ⦗٣٢٨⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ الْقُرَشِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ.\n\n٧٩٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، وَأَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٧٩١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حُبَابٍ: «وَهُوَ يَبُولُ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى فَرَغَ».\nرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ\n\n٧٩٢ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ: فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَيَمَّمَ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٧٩٣ - وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ،.\n\n٧٩٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْعَبْدِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ⦗٣٢٩⦘،\n\n٧٩٥ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ، وَذَلِكَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي بَابِ التَّيَمُّمِ","vol":"1","page":327},{"text":"٧٩٦ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ مُرْسَلٍ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، ذَهَبَ إِلَى بِئْرِ جَمَلٍ لِحَاجَةٍ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى مَسَحَ يَدَيْهِ بِجِدَارٍ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ ﵇»،\n\n٧٩٧ - فَيَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ مَا تَيَمَّمَ","vol":"1","page":329},{"text":"٧٩٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَبَّانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْبَهِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ أَحْيَانِهِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ ⦗٣٣٠⦘.\n\n٧٩٩ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ تَيَمُّمَهُ لِلذِّكْرِ وَقَعَ عَلَى جِهَةِ الِاسْتِحْبَابِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":329},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-42>بَابُ الِاسْتِطَابَةِ</span>","vol":"1","page":331},{"text":"٨٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ نَهَى أَنْ تُسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةُ بِغَائِطٍ أَوْ بَوْلٍ، وَلَكِنْ شَرِّقُوا أَوْ غَرِّبُوا»\n\n٨٠١ - قَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ: فَقَدِمْنَا الشَّامَ فَوَجَدْنَا مَرَاحِيضَ قَدْ بُنِيَتْ قِبَلَ الْقِبْلَةِ، فَنَنْحَرِفُ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ\n\n٨٠٢ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ\n\n٨٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الرِّسَالَةِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَسْتَقْبِلُوا الْقِبْلَةَ، وَلَا تَسْتَدْبِرُوهَا». ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ\n\n٨٠٤ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ ⦗٣٣٢⦘ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ. كُلُّهُمْ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ وَقَالَ فِي لَفْظِهِ: «إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الْغَائِطَ، فَلَا تَسْتَقْبِلُوا الْقِبْلَةَ، وَلَا تَسْتَدْبِرُوهَا بِبَوْلٍ وَلَا غَائِطٍ»","vol":"1","page":331},{"text":"٨٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، مَوْلَى آلِ الشِّفَاءِ، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: مَوْلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ صَاحِبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ، وَهُوَ بِمِصْرَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ بِهَذِهِ الْكَرَابِيسِ؟ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا ذَهَبَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الْغَائِطِ أَوِ الْبَوْلِ فَلَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ الْقِبْلَةَ، وَلَا يَسْتَدْبِرْهَا بِفَرْجِهِ»","vol":"1","page":332},{"text":"٨٠٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَنْهَى أَنْ تُسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةُ لِغَائِطٍ أَوْ بَوْلٍ» ⦗٣٣٣⦘،\n\n٨٠٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثِ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُمَا جَمِيعًا.\n\n٨٠٨ - وَقَدْ حَمَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَلَى الصَّحَارَى، وَعَلَى أَنَّ الرُّخْصَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ لَمْ تَبْلُغْ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ","vol":"1","page":332},{"text":"٨٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ وَاسِعِ بْنِ حِبَّانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ نَاسًا يَقُولُونَ: إِذَا قَعَدْتَ عَلَى حَاجَتِكَ فَلَا تَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ، وَلَا بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: «لَقَدِ ارْتَقَيْتُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ بَيْتٍ لَنَا، فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى لَبِنَتَيْنِ مُسْتَقْبِلًا بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ لِحَاجَتِهِ»","vol":"1","page":333},{"text":"٨١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، زَادَ قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «لَعَلَّكَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى أَوْرَاكِهِمْ»، قُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي وَاللَّهِ، يَعْنِي: الَّذِي يَسْجُدُ وَلَا يَرْتَفِعُ عَنِ الْأَرْضِ، يَسْجُدُ وَهُوَ لَاصِقٌ بِالْأَرْضِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، بِطُولِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"1","page":333},{"text":"٨١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْأَشْعَثَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ الْأَصْفَرِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ أَنَاخَ رَاحِلَتَهُ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ يَبُولُ إِلَيْهَا، فَقُلْتُ: أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ نُهِيَ عَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: «بَلَى، إِنَّمَا نُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فِي الْفَضَاءِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ شَيْءٌ يَسْتُرُ فَلَا بَأْسَ»،\n\n٨١٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَالِيًا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَكَّارُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى، فَذَكَرَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَسْتُرُكَ","vol":"1","page":334},{"text":"٨١٣ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٣٣٥⦘ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ زَمْعَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ وَهْرَامَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ طَاوُسًا، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُكُمُ الْبَرَازَ فَلْيُكْرِمْ قِبْلَةَ اللَّهِ، ﷿، فَلَا يَسْتَقْبِلْهَا، وَلَا يَسْتُدْبِرْهَا، ثُمَّ لِيَسْتَطِبْ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ، أَوْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَعْوَادٍ، أَوْ ثَلَاثِ حَثَيَاتٍ مِنْ تُرَابٍ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلِ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ عَنِّي مَا يؤْذِينِي، وَأَمْسَكَ عَلَيَّ مَا يَنْفَعُنِي \"\n\n٨١٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ زَمْعَةَ، مُرْسَلًا، وَكَذَلِكُ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ زَمْعَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ وَهْرَامَ، وَابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مُرْسَلًا.\n\n٨١٥ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ وَهْرَامَ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ طَاوُسًا، يَقُولُهُ وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ.\n\n٨١٦ - قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ: أَكَانَ زَمْعَةُ يَرْفَعْهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَسُئِلَ سَلَمَةُ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْهُ. يَعْنِي: فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ.\n\n٨١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ ⦗٣٣٦⦘:\n\n٨١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ طَاوُسٍ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، وَأَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ لَا يُثْبِتُونَهُ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ كَانَ كَحَدِيثِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ،\n\n٨١٩ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مُسْنَدٌ حَسَنُ الْإِسْنَادِ، وَأَوْلَى أَنْ يُثْبَتَ مِنْهُ لَوْ خَالَفَهُ.\n\n٨٢٠ - وَإِنْ كَانَ قَالَ طَاوُسٌ: حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يُكْرِمَ قِبْلَةَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَهَا فَإِنَّمَا سَمِعَ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - حَدِيثَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَنْزَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى إِكْرَامِ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَهِيَ أَهْلٌ أَنْ تُكْرَمَ.\n\n٨٢١ - وَالْحَالُ فِي الصَّحَارَى كَمَا حَدَّثَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ.\n\n٨٢٢ - وَفِي الْبُيُوتِ كَمَا حَدَّثَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَا أَنَّهُمَا مُخْتَلِفَانِ\n\n٨٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي آدَابِ التَّخَلِّي عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا ذَهَبَ أَبْعَدَ فِي الْمَذْهَبِ» ⦗٣٣٧⦘\n\n٨٢٤ - وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَبُولَ فَلْيَرْتَدْ لِبَوْلِهِ»\n\n٨٢٥ - وَثَبَتَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ أَحَبُّ مَا اسْتَتَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِحَاجَتِهِ هَدَفٌ، أَوْ حَائِشُ نَخْلٍ»\n\n٨٢٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، مَرْفُوعًا: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْخَلَاءَ وَضَعَ خَاتَمَهُ» ⦗٣٣٨⦘\n\n٨٢٧ - وَثَبَتَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْخَلَاءَ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: إِذَا أَرَادَ الْخَلَاءَ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْخُبْثِ، وَالْخَبَائِثِ»\n\n٨٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ قَالَ: «غُفْرَانَكَ»\n\n٨٢٩ - عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ حَاجَتَهُ لَا يَرْفَعُ ثَوْبَهُ حَتَّى يَدْنُوَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ»","vol":"1","page":334},{"text":"٨٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «اتَّقُوا اللَّاعِنَيْنِ»، قَالُوا: وَمَا اللَّاعِنَانِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «الَّذِي يَتَخَلَّى فِي طَرِيقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَفِي ظِلِّهِمْ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،\n\n٨٣١ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعَيُّ نَهْيَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ\n\n٨٣٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ نَهَى أَنْ يُبَالَ فِي الْمَاءِ الرَّاكِدِ»\n\n٨٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يَبُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي مُسْتَحَمِّهِ، ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ، أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ فِيهِ، فَإِنَّ عَامَّةَ الْوَسْوَاسِ مِنْهُ» ⦗٣٤٠⦘\n\n٨٣٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَرْجِسَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَبُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْجُحْرِ».\n\n٨٣٥ - قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: إِنَّهَا مَسَاكِنُ الْجِنِّ","vol":"1","page":339},{"text":"٨٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَسَنَةَ قَالَ: انْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبِيَدِهِ دَرَقَةٌ، أَوْ شَبِيهٌ بِالدَّرَقَةِ، فَاسْتَتَرَ بِهَا، فَبَالَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ، فَقُلْتُ لِصَاحِبِي: أَلَا تَرَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَيْفَ يَبُولُ كَمَا تَبُولُ الْمَرْأَةُ؟ قَالَ: فَأَتَانَا، فَقَالَ: \" أَلَا تَدْرُونَ مَا لَقِيَ صَاحِبُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ؟ كَانَ إِذَا أَصَابَ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْبَوْلِ قَرَضَهُ بِالْمِقْرَاضِ. قَالَ: فَنَهَاهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَعُذِّبَ فِي قَبْرِهِ \"،\n\n٨٣٧ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ ⦗٣٤١⦘\n\n٨٣٨ - وَالَّذِي رَوَى حَدِيثَهُ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَتَى سُبَاطَةَ قَوْمٍ فَبَالَ قَائِمًا»،\n\n٨٣٩ - فَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجِدْ لِلْقُعُودِ مَكَانًا،\n\n٨٤٠ - وَقِيلَ: كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَسْتَشْفِي لَوَجَعِ الصُّلْبِ بِالْبَوْلِ قَائِمًا. فَلَعَلَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ إِذْ ذَاكَ وَجَعُ الصُّلْبِ.\n\n٨٤١ - وَهَذَا التَّأْوِيلُ قَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِيمَا حُكِيَ عَنْهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ\n\n٨٤٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ غَيْرِ قَوِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَالَ قَائِمًا مِنْ جُرْحٍ كَانَ بِمَأْبِضِهِ»\n\n٨٤٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَخْرُجُ الرَّجُلَانِ يَضْرِبَانِ الْغَائِطَ كَاشِفَيْنِ عَنْ عَوْرَتَيْهِمَا يَتَحَدَّثَانِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَمْقُتُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ»","vol":"1","page":340},{"text":"٨٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنْ يَتَنَفَّسَ أَحَدُنَا فِي الْإِنَاءِ، وَأَنْ يَمَسَّ ذَكَرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ وَأَنْ يَسْتَنْجِي بِيَمِينِهِ»\n\n٨٤٥ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ","vol":"1","page":342},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-43>وُجُوبُ الِاسْتِنْجَاءِ، وَمَا يَجُوزُ بِهِ الِاسْتِنْجَاءُ، وَمَالَا يَجُوزُ</span>","vol":"1","page":343},{"text":"٨٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا أَنَا لَكُمْ مِثْلُ الْوَالِدِ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الْغَائِطِ فَلَا يَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ، وَلَا يَسْتَدْبِرْهَا لِغَائِطٍ وَلَا بَوْلٍ، وَلْيَسْتَنْجِ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ»، وَنَهَى عَنِ الرَّوْثِ، وَالرِّمَّةِ، وَأَنْ يَسْتَنْجِيَ الرَّجُلُ بِيَمِينِهِ ⦗٣٤٤⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ\n\n٨٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ مُخْتَصَرًا فِي الْأَمْرِ بِالِاسْتِنْجَاءِ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ، وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الرَّوْثِ، وَالرِّمَّةِ.\n\n٨٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِ سُفْيَانَ، وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أُعَلِّمُكُمْ: «إِذَا دَخَلَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْخَلَاءَ»، وَلَمُ يَقُلْ لِغَائِطٍ أَوْ بَوْلٍ. قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ، وَبِهِ نَقُولُ","vol":"1","page":343},{"text":"٨٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي ذِكْرِ الرِّمَّةِ يَقُولُ الشَّاعِرُ:\n[البحر الطويل]\n. . . . . أَمَّا عِظَامُهَا ... فَرِمٌّ وَأَمَّا لَحْمُهَا فَصَلِيبُ.\n\n٨٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالرِّمَّةُ: الْعَظْمُ\n\n٨٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنِ الِاسْتِنْجَاءِ بِالْعَظْمِ» ⦗٣٤٥⦘\n\n٨٥٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ رُوَيْفِعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَخْبِرِ النَّاسَ أَنَّ مَنِ اسْتَنْجَى بِرَجِيعِ دَابَّةٍ، أَوْ عَظْمٍ فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا مِنْهُ بَرِيءٌ»\n\n٨٥٣ - وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهِ إِذَا اسْتَنْجَى بِالْعَظْمِ لَمْ يَقَعْ مَوقِعَهُ. كَمَا لَوِ اسْتَنْجَى بِالرَّجِيعِ لَمْ يَقَعْ مَوقِعَهُ.\n\n٨٥٤ - وَكَمَا جَعَلَ الْعِلَّةَ فِي الْعَظْمِ أَنَّهُ زَادُ الْجِنِّ، جَعَلَ الْعِلَّةَ فِي الرَّجِيعِ أَنَّهُ عَلَفُ دَوَابِّ الْجِنِّ. وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الرَّجِيعِ أَنَّهُ نَجِسٌ، فَفِي الْعَظْمِ أَنَّهُ لَا يُنَظِّفُ لَمَّا فِيهِ مِنَ الدُّسُومَةِ.\n\n٨٥٥ - وَقَدْ نَهَى عَنِ الِاسْتِنْجَاءِ بِهِمَا، وَذَكَرَ الْوَعِيدَ فِي حَدِيثِ رُوَيْفِعٍ فِيهِمَا، فَكُونُهُ طَعَامًا لِلْجِنِّ لَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى وُقُوعِ الِاسْتِنْجَاءِ بِهِ مَوقِعَهُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٨٥٦ - وَهَذَا جَوَّابٌ عَمَّا زَعَمَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ فِي الْفَرَقِ بَيْنَهُمَا","vol":"1","page":344},{"text":"٨٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، سُئِلَ عَنِ الِاسْتِطَابَةَ، فَقَالَ: «أَوَلَا يَجِدُ أَحَدُكُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْجَارٍ؟»","vol":"1","page":345},{"text":"٨٥٨ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو وَجْزَةَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِي الِاسْتِنْجَاءِ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا رَجِيعٌ»،\n\n٨٥٩ - هَكَذَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: أَبُو وَجْزَةَ وَأَخْطَأَ فِيهِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَاسْمُهُ: عَمْرُو بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ،\n\n٨٦٠ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، وَكِيعٌ، وَابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ،\n\n٨٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ ⦗٣٤٧⦘ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَقُلْتُ: فَإِيشْ أَبُو وَجْزَةَ؟ فَقَالُوا: شَاعِرُهَا هُنَا، فَلَمْ آتِهِ. قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَبُو خُزَيْمَةَ، وَاسْمُهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَلَكِنْ كَذَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: الصَّوَابُ عِنْدِي عَمْرُو بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ","vol":"1","page":346},{"text":"٨٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْفَقِيهُ، بِبُخَارَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَيْسُ بْنُ أَنِيفٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا اسْتَجْمَرَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَسْتَجْمِرْ وِتْرًا، وَإِذَا تَوَضَّأَ فَلْيَجْعَلْ فِي أَنْفِهِ مَاءً ثُمَّ يَسْتَنْثِرْ»،\n\n٨٦٣ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ","vol":"1","page":347},{"text":"٨٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ يَسَافٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا اسْتَجْمَرْتَ فَأَوْتِرْ، وَإِذَا تَوَضَّأْتَ فَانْثُرْ»،\n\n٨٦٥ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"1","page":347},{"text":"٨٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ فَأَتَاهُ بِحَجَرَيْنِ وَرَوْثَةٍ، فَأَخَذَ الْحَجَرَيْنِ، وَأَلْقَى الرَّوْثَةَ، وَقَالَ: «هَذَا رِكْسٌ» ⦗٣٤٨⦘، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ الْحَجَرَيْنِ، وَأَلْقَى الرَّوْثَةَ، وَقَالَ: «ائْتِنِي بِحَجَرٍ»،\n\n٨٦٧ - وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمَعْقُولُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ خَبَرٌ","vol":"1","page":347},{"text":"٨٦٨ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ حُصَيْنٍ الْحَبْرَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنِ اسْتَجْمَرَ فَلْيُوتِرْ، وَمَنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ، وَمَنْ لَا فَلَا حَرَجَ». فَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ.\n\n٨٦٩ - وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ إِنْ صَحَّ عَلَى وِتْرٍ يَكُونُ بَعْدَ الثَّلَاثِ","vol":"1","page":348},{"text":"٨٧٠ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ هُوَ السِينَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْحَرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: قِيلَ لَهُ: قَدْ عَلَّمَكُمْ نَبِيُّكُمْ ﷺ، كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى الْخِرَاءَةَ قَالَ: «أَجَلْ، لَقَدْ نَهَانَا أَنْ نَسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ لِغَائِطٍ أَوْ بَوْلٍ، أَوْ أَنْ نَسْتَنْجِيَ بِالْيَمِينِ، أَوْ أَنْ نَسْتَنْجِيَ بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ، أَوْ أَنْ نَسْتَنْجِيَ بِرَجِيعٍ أَوْ بِعَظْمٍ» ⦗٣٤٩⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"1","page":348},{"text":"٨٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعَيُّ:  «وَيَسْتَنْجِي بِالْحِجَارَةِ فِي الْوُضُوءِ مَنْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ وَمَنْ لَا يَجِدْهُ، وَلَوُ جَمَعَهُ رَجُلٌ ثُمَّ غَسَلَ بِالْمَاءِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ»","vol":"1","page":349},{"text":"٨٧٢ - وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ اسْتَنْجَوْا بِالْمَاءِ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِمْ: ﴿فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا، وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٨]. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: ﴿فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٨] قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَى عُوَيْمِ بْنِ سَاعِدَةَ، فَقَالَ:  «مَا هَذَا الطُّهُورُ الَّذِي أَثْنَى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِهِ؟»، فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ مَا خَرَجَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ وَلَا امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ إِلَّا غَسَلَ دُبُرَهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: مَقْعَدَتَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَفِي هَذَا» ⦗٣٥٠⦘\n\n٨٧٣ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «اسْتَنْجَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْمَاءِ»","vol":"1","page":349},{"text":"٨٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ أَوْ أَبِي الْحَكَمِ، رَجُلٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ، وَنَضَحَ فَرْجَهُ». وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ وهَيْبٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ","vol":"1","page":350},{"text":"٨٧٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَضَحَ فَرْجَهُ»","vol":"1","page":350},{"text":"٨٧٦ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، وَابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ ⦗٣٥١⦘: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَالَ ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ، وَنَضَحَ فَرْجَهُ بِالْمَاءِ \". قَالَ: سُفْيَانُ هُوَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أَوْ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ","vol":"1","page":350},{"text":"٨٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، بَالَ ثُمَّ نَضَحَ فَرْجَهُ \"،\n\n٨٧٨ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى مَنْصُورٍ، وَالصَّحِيحُ مَا رَوَى شُعْبَةُ، وَوُهَيْبٌ، وَمَا رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ","vol":"1","page":351},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-44>بَابُ الْحَدَثِ، وَمَا جَاءَ فِيهِ الْوُضُوءُ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ وَالْبَوْلِ وَالرِّيحِ</span>","vol":"1","page":352},{"text":"٨٧٩ - قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣].\n\n٨٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبَّادُ بْنُ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: شُكِيَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، الرَّجُلُ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْءُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ. فَقَالَ: «لَا يَنْفَتِلُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ صَوْتًا أَوْ يَجِدَ رِيحًا» ⦗٣٥٣⦘، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، وَغَيْرِهِ. كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ\n\n٨٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَالَ فَتَيَمَّمَ». وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"1","page":352},{"text":"٨٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الْمِقْدَادِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ إِذَا دَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ فَخَرَجَ مِنْهُ الْمَذْيُ مَاذَا عَلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَإِنَّ عِنْدِي ابْنَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا أَسْتَحِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ. قَالَ الْمِقْدَادُ: فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «إِذَا وَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَنْضَحْ فَرْجَهُ، وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ» ⦗٣٥٤⦘،\n\n٨٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الْمِقْدَادِ، مُرْسَلٌ، لَا نَعْلَمُ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا.\n\n٨٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هُوَ كَمَا قَالَ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ بُكَيْرُ بْنُ الْأَشَجِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْمِقْدَادِ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"1","page":353},{"text":"٨٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، وَحَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَخْرَمَةُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: أَرْسَلْتُ الْمِقْدَادَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْمَذْيِ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ، كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ بِهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَوَضَّأْ، وَانْضَحْ فَرْجَكَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى، وَغَيْرِهِ\n\n٨٨٦ - وَرَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: «يَغْسِلُ ذَكَرَهُ وَيَتَوَضَّأُ»","vol":"1","page":354},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-45>الْوُضُوءُ مِنَ النَّوْمِ</span>","vol":"1","page":355},{"text":"٨٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٦]: «\n\n٨٨٨ - وَكَأَنَّ ظَاهِرَ الْآيَةِ أَنَّ مَنَ قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ. وَكَانَتْ مُحْتَمَلَةً أَنْ تَكُونَ نَزَلَتْ فِي خَاصٍ، فَسَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ مَنْ أَرْضَى عَلِمَهُ بِالْقُرْآنِ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْقَائِمِينَ مِنَ النَّوْمِ»","vol":"1","page":355},{"text":"٨٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ. وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ تَفْسِيرَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٦] الْآيَةَ: أَنَّ ذَلِكَ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ مِنَ الْمَضَاجِعِ، يَعْنِي: النَّوْمَ \"\n\n٨٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحْسَبُ مَا قَالَ كَمَا قَالَ: لِأَنَّ فِي السُّنَّةِ دَلِيلًا عَلَى أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ مَنْ قَامَ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ","vol":"1","page":355},{"text":"٨٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ فَلْيَغْسِلْ يَدَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهَا فِي وَضُوئِهِ، فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَا يَدْرِي أَيْنَ بَاتَتْ يَدُهُ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ\n\n٨٩٢ - زَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ. صَلَّى الصَّلَوَاتِ بِوُضُوءٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَأَكَدَ بِذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي خَاصٍ","vol":"1","page":356},{"text":"٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهِلَالِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ،\n\n٨٩٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ بِوُضُوءٍ، وَمَسَحَ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُكَ صَنَعْتَ شَيْئًا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَصْنَعُهُ. قَالَ: «عَمْدًا صَنَعْتُهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"1","page":356},{"text":"٨٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «إِذَا نَامَ أَحَدُكُمْ مُضْطَجِعًا فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»،\n\n٨٩٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ","vol":"1","page":357},{"text":"٨٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْوَاقِدَيُّ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «وَإِذَا وَضَعَ جَنْبَهُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ،. فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"1","page":357},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-46>إِذَا نَامَ قَاعِدًا</span>","vol":"1","page":358},{"text":"٨٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: \" كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَنْتَظِرُونَ الْعِشَاءَ فَيَنَامُونَ، أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: قُعُودًا، حَتَّى تَخْفِقَ رُءُوسُهُمْ. ثُمَّ يُصَلُّونَ وَلَا يَتَوَضَّئُونَ \"","vol":"1","page":358},{"text":"٨٩٩ - كَانَ شَيْخِنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ يَقُولُ: إِذَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلُ، فَإِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِالثِّقَةِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٣٥٩⦘: «أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَكَانُوا يَنْتَظِرُونَ الْعِشَاءَ حَتَّى تَخْفِقَ رُءُوسُهُمْ، ثُمَّ يُصَلُّونَ وَلَا يَتَوَضَّئُونَ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَاذُّ بْنُ فَيَّاضٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٩٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَزَادُ، فِيهِ: عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٩٠١ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، دُونَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: يَعْنِي، وَهُمْ قُعُودٌ.\n\n٩٠٢ - وَرَوَاهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، دُونَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةِ. وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"1","page":358},{"text":"٩٠٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَنَامُ قَاعِدًا، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي وَلَا يَتَوَضَّأُ»","vol":"1","page":359},{"text":"٩٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بِكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، إِنَّهُ قَالَ ⦗٣٦٠⦘: «مَنْ نَامَ مُضْطَجِعًا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ، وَمَنْ نَامَ جَالِسًا فَلَا وُضُوءَ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٩٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِهِ، وَمَالِكٍ \": إِنْكَارًا لِفَرْقِهِمْ بَيْنَ قَلِيلِ النَّوْمِ وَكَثِيرِهِ: قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ كَمَا حَكَى مَالِكٌ، فَهُوَ لَا يَرَى فِي النَّوْمِ قَاعِدًا وُضُوءًا\n\n٩٠٦ - وَقَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ: مَنْ خَالَطَ النَّوْمُ قَلْبَهُ جَالِسًا وَغَيْرَ جَالِسٍ فَعَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ فِيهِ،\n\n٩٠٧ - وَقُولُكُمْ خَارِجٌ مِنْهُمَا\n\n٩٠٨ - . أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، حِكَايَةً وَبَلَاغًا","vol":"1","page":359},{"text":"٩٠٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ:  «إِذَا نَامَ قَاعِدًا أَوْ قَائِمًا فَعَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ»","vol":"1","page":360},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-47>إِذَا نَامَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ</span>\n٩١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَإِنَّمَا يَسْقُطُ الْوُضُوءُ عَنِ النَّائِمِ جَالِسًا مُسْتَوِيًا بِالْأَثَرِ، وَعَنِ النَّائِمِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كَيْفَ كَانَ لِلْأَثَرِ","vol":"1","page":361},{"text":"٩١١ - وَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِالْأَثَرِ فِي النَّائِمِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَهَنَّادٌ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ بْنِ حَرْبِ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الدَّالَانِيِّ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَسْجُدُ، وَيَنَامُ، وَيَنْفُخُ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيُصَلِّي، وَلَا يَتَوَضَّأُ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: صَلَّيْتَ وَلَمْ تَتَوَضَّأْ وَقَدْ نِمْتَ؟، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الْوُضُوءُ عَلَى مَنْ نَامَ مُضْطَجِعًا» ⦗٣٦٢⦘\n\n٩١٢ - . زَادَ عُثْمَانُ، وَهَنَّادٌ: «فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا اضْطَجَعَ اسْتَرْخَتْ مَفَاصِلُهُ»\n\n٩١٣ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: قَوْلُهُ: «الْوُضُوءُ عَلَى مَنْ نَامَ مُضْطَجِعًا»، هُوَ حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ. لَمْ يَرْوِهِ إِلَّا يَزِيدُ الدَّالَانِيُّ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَرَوَى أَوَّلَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذَا.\n\n٩١٤ - وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا\n\n٩١٥ - وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتَنَامُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُوتِرَ؟ فَقَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ عَيْنَيَّ تَنَامَانِ وَلَا يَنَامُ قَلْبِي» ⦗٣٦٣⦘،\n\n٩١٦ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُمَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"1","page":361},{"text":"٩١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانَ قَالَ: قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: لَمْ يَسْمَعْ قَتَادَةُ مِنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْيَاءٍ، قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى: عُدَّهَا قَالَ:\n\n٩١٨ - قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ: الْقُضَاةُ ثَلَاثَةٌ،\n\n٩١٩ - وَحَدِيثُ لَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ،\n\n٩٢٠ - وَحَدِيثُ يُونُسَ بْنِ مَتَّى ⦗٣٦٤⦘\n\n٩٢١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَسَمِعَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيمَا يَقُولُ عِنْدَ الْكَرْبِ،\n\n٩٢٢ - وَحَدِيثَهُ فِي رُؤْيَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ أُسْرِيَ بِهِ مُوسَى، وَغَيْرَهُ،\n\n٩٢٣ - وَحَدِيثًا فِي الرِّبْحِ وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ،\n\n٩٢٤ - وَزَادَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فِيمَا حَكَاهُ بَلَاغًا عَنْ شُعْبَةَ،\n\n٩٢٥ - فَأَمَّا هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أَنْكَرَهُ عَلَى أَبِي خَالِدٍ الدَّالَانِيِّ جَمِيعُ الْحُفَّاظِ وَأَنْكَرُوا سَمَاعَهُ مِنْ قَتَادَةَ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ⦗٣٦٥⦘ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا،\n\n٩٢٦ - وَلَعَلَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ وَقَفَ عَلَى عِلَّةِ هَذَا الْأَثَرِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ عَنْهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ","vol":"1","page":363},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-48>اخْتِيَارُ الْمُزَنِيِّ ﵀</span>\n٩٢٧ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ ﵀: وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: «لَوْ صِرْنَا إِلَى النَّظَرِ كَانَ إِذَا غَلَبَهُ النَّوْمُ تَوَضَّأَ بِأَيِّ حَالَاتِهِ كَانَ»","vol":"1","page":366},{"text":"٩٢٨ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: رُوِيَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَسَّالٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: يَأْمُرُنَا إِذَا كُنَّا مُسَافِرِينَ أَوْ سَفْرَى أَنْ لَا نَنْزِعَ خِفَافَنَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ، إِلَّا مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ، لَكِنْ مِنْ غَائِطٍ وَبَوْلٍ وَنَوْمٍ \"\n\n٩٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَسَّالٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٣٠ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْعَيْنَانِ وِكَاءُ السَّهِ، فَإِذَا نَامَتِ الْعَيْنَانِ اسْتُطْلِقَ الْوِكَاءُ»","vol":"1","page":366},{"text":"٩٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ، يَعْنِي ابْنَ شُجَاعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٣٦٧⦘: «إِنَّمَا الْعَيْنُ وِكَاءُ السَّهِ، فَإِذَا نَامَتِ الْعَيْنُ اسْتُطْلِقَ الْوِكَاءُ»\n\n٩٣٢ - كَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٩٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ جُنَاحٍ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٩٣٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، وَإِسْنَادِهِ أَمْثَلُ مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"1","page":366},{"text":"٩٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ الْجَمَّالُ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ الْوَضِينِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ مَحْفُوظٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَائِذٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الْعَيْنُ وِكَاءُ السَّهِ، فَمَنْ نَامَ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ حَيْوَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَالِيًا\n\n٩٣٦ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: مَعَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «مَنِ اسْتَجْمَعَ نَوْمًا تَوَضَّأَ مُضْطَجِعًا كَانَ أَوْ قَاعِدًا» ⦗٣٦٨⦘\n\n٩٣٧ - وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «مَنِ اسْتَجْمَعَ نَوْمًا فَعَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ»\n\n٩٣٨ - وَعَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ: «إِذَا نَامَ قَائِمًا أَوْ قَاعِدًا تَوَضَّأَ»\n\n٩٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: فَلَمْ أَقِفْ بَعْدُ عَلَى إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِهَا","vol":"1","page":367},{"text":"٩٤٠ - وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، وَابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ الْجَرِيرِ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ غِلَاقٍ الْقَيْسِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ:  «مَنِ اسْتَجْمَعَ نَوْمًا فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهٍ الْوُضُوءُ». كَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مُطْلَقًا","vol":"1","page":368},{"text":"٩٤١ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَفِيقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو صَخْرٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ يَزِيدَ بْنَ قُسَيْطٍ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ ⦗٣٦٩⦘: «لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُحتَبِي النَّائِمِ، وَلَا عَلَى الْقَائِمِ النَّائِمِ، وَلَا عَلَى السَّاجِدِ النَّائِمِ وُضُوءٌ حَتَّى يَضْطَجِعَ، فَإِذَا اضْطَجَعَ تَوَضَّأَ»\n\n٩٤٢ - وَهَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ. وَفِيهِ إِنْ صَحَّ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِمَا أَطْلَقَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ مَا قَيَّدَهُ فِي هَذَا.\n\n٩٤٣ - وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، فَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ","vol":"1","page":368},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-49>الْوُضُوءُ مِنَ الْمُلَامَسَةِ</span>","vol":"1","page":370},{"text":"٩٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ ⦗٣٧١⦘: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٦] الْآيَةَ: فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْوُضُوءَ عَلَى مَنْ قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَأَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْ قَامَ مِنْ مَضْجَعِ النَّوْمِ.\n\n٩٤٥ - وَذَكَرَ طَهَارَةَ الْجُنُبِ، ثُمَ قَالَ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ طَهَارَةِ الْجُنُبِ: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرَضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا﴾ [النساء: ٤٣].\n\n٩٤٦ - فَأَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَوْجَبَ الْوُضُوءَ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ، وَأَوْجَبَهُ مِنَ الْمُلَامَسَةِ.\n\n٩٤٧ - وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَهَا مَوْصُولَةً بِالْغَائِطِ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ الْجَنَابَةِ، فَأَشْبَهْتِ الْمُلَامَسَةَ أَنْ تَكُونَ اللَّمْسَ بِالْيَدِ وَالْقُبْلَةَ وَغَيْرَ الْجَنَابَةِ","vol":"1","page":370},{"text":"٩٤٨ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:  «قُبْلَةُ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ وَجَسُّهَا بِيَدِهِ مِنَ الْمُلَامَسَةِ. فَمَنْ قَبَّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ جَسَّهَا بِيَدِهِ، فَعَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ»،\n\n٩٤٩ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَرِيبٌ مِنْ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٣٧٢⦘\n\n٩٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":371},{"text":"٩٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ: أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «مِنْ قُبْلَةِ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ الْوُضُوءُ»","vol":"1","page":372},{"text":"٩٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَلَاغًا عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «الْقُبْلَةُ مِنَ اللَّمْسِ وَفِيهَا الْوُضُوءُ»،\n\n٩٥٣ - وَعَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مُخَارِقٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"1","page":372},{"text":"٩٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، وَحَفْصٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ:  «الْقُبْلَةُ مِنَ اللَّمْسِ وَفِيهَا الْوُضُوءُ»","vol":"1","page":372},{"text":"٩٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مُخَارِقٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]، قَوْلًا مَعْنَاهُ: «مَا دُونَ الْجِمَاعِ». وَهَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ مَوْصُولٌ صَحِيحٌ\n\n٩٥٦ - فَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِمَا رُوِيَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «لَا يَتَيَمَّمُ الْجُنُبُ»، عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا يَرَيَانِ الْقُبْلَةَ مِنَ الْمُلَامَسَةِ،\n\n٩٥٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ","vol":"1","page":373},{"text":"٩٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَظُنُّهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «الْقُبْلَةُ مِنَ اللَّمَمِ، فَتَوَضَّئُوا مِنْهَا»،\n\n٩٥٩ - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو هَذَا هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ ⦗٣٧٤⦘.\n\n٩٦٠ - رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْهُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ\n\n٩٦١ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فِي رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مَا يُصِيبُهُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُجَامِعْهَا، فَقَالَ: «تَوَضَّأْ وُضُوءًا حَسَنًا، ثُمَّ قُمْ فَصَلِّ». وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ [هود: ١١٤]\n\n٩٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: فَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ فِي الْقُبْلَةِ الْوُضُوءُ، وَاحْتَجَّ فِيهَا بِحَدِيثٍ لَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٩٦٣ - قَالَ: فَمَنْ لَمْسَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ قَبَّلَهَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدِي الْوُضُوءُ لِلْأَثَرِ ⦗٣٧٥⦘،\n\n٩٦٤ - وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ حَدِيثُ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ فِي الْقُبْلَةِ لَمْ أَرَ فِيهَا شَيْئًا، وَلَا فِي اللَّمْسِ","vol":"1","page":373},{"text":"٩٦٥ - فَإِنَّ مَعْبَدَ بْنَ نُبَاتَةَ يَرْوِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ ثُمَّ لَا يَتَوَضَّأُ»\n\n٩٦٦ - وَلَكِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ كَانَ مَعْبَدُ بْنُ نُبَاتَةَ هَذَا؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ ثِقَةً فَالْحُجَةُ فِيهِ فِيمَا رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٩٦٧ - وَلَكِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَكُونَ غَلَطًا مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ إِنَّمَا رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَبَّلَهَا صَائِمًا\n\n٩٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: مَعْبَدُ بْنُ نُبَاتَةَ هَذَا مَجْهُولٌ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ لَهُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ شَيْءٌ\n\n٩٦٩ - وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَعَلْقَمَةَ، وَالْأَسْوَدِ، وَمَسْرُوقٍ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ أَوْ يُقَبِّلُهَا وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ»","vol":"1","page":375},{"text":"٩٧٠ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَبَّلَ بَعْضَ نِسَائِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ»\n\n٩٧١ - فَهَذَا أَشْهُرُ حَدِيثٍ رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ، وَهُوَ مَعْلُولٌ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ الطَّالَقَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَغْرَاءَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَصْحَابٌ لَنَا، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n٩٧٢ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا حَدَّثَنَا إِلَّا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ الْمُزَنِيِّ،. يَعْنِي لَمْ يُحَدِّثْهُمْ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، بِشَيْءٍ ⦗٣٧٧⦘.\n\n٩٧٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَعْنِي الْقَطَّانَ، يَقُولُ: وَذَكَرَ لَهُ حَدِيثَ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِهَذَا، يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ حَبِيبًا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ يَعْنِي: ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، شَيْئًا","vol":"1","page":376},{"text":"٩٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى، وَذَكَرَ عِنْدَهُ حَدِيثَ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «تُصَلِّي، وَإِنْ قَطَرَ الدَّمُ عَلَى الْحَصِيرِ»\n\n٩٧٥ - وَفِي الْقُبْلَةِ قَالَ يَحْيَى: احْكِ عَنِّي أَنَّهُمَا شِبْهُ لَا شَيْءَ\n\n٩٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ: حَبِيبٌ ثَبْتٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. إِنَّمَا رَوَى حَدِيثَيْنِ، أَظُنُّ يَحْيَى يُرِيدُ مُنْكَرَيْنِ: حَدِيثُ: «تُصَلِّي الْحَائِضُ وَإِنْ قَطَرَ الدَّمُ عَلَى الْحَصِيرِ». وَحَدِيثُ «الْقُبْلَةِ»","vol":"1","page":377},{"text":"٩٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو رَوْقٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ بَعْدَ الْوُضُوءِ، ثُمَّ لَا يُعِيدُ الْوُضُوءَ»\n\n٩٧٨ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ: إِبْرَاهِيمُ التَّيْمِيُّ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَهُ: أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ.\n\n٩٧٩ - وَأَبُو رَوْقٍ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ.\n\n٩٨٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَوْقٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ ⦗٣٧٩⦘،\n\n٩٨١ - وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَلَا مِنْ حَفْصَةَ، وَلَا أَدْرَكَ زَمَانَهُمَا قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ.\n\n٩٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَوْقٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٩٨٣ - وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَتْنِهِ فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ: فِي قُبْلَةِ الصَّائِمِ. وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ: فِي تَرْكِ الْوُضُوءِ مِنْهَا","vol":"1","page":378},{"text":"٩٨٤ - وَرَوَى الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي وَلَا يَتَوَضَّأُ»،\n\n٩٨٥ - وَزَيْنَبُ هَذِهِ مَجْهُولَةً قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ ⦗٣٨٠⦘.\n\n٩٨٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الْعَرْزَمِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَالْعَرْزَمِيُّ، مَتْرُوكٌ،\n\n٩٨٧ - وَرِويَ بِإِسْنَادٍ مَجْهُولٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَخِي الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٩٨٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ ⦗٣٨١⦘ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،.\n\n٩٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ مَجْهُولٍ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ.\n\n٩٩٠ - وَلَا يَصِحُّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ جِهَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ صَحِيحًا، وَمَذْهَبُ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِخِلَافِهِ","vol":"1","page":379},{"text":"٩٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، وَقَالُ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «مِنْ قُبْلَةَ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ الْوُضُوءُ»،\n\n٩٩٢ - وَرَوَاهُ حَاجِبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"1","page":381},{"text":"٩٩٣ - قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ عَنْهُ: وَهِمَ فِيهِ حَاجِبٌ، وَالصَّوَابُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ». وَحَاجِبٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كِتَابٌ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ.\n\n٩٩٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ⦗٣٨٣⦘، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٩٩٥ - وَكُلُّهُمْ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ،\n\n٩٩٦ - وَرَوَاهُ غَالِبُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَقِيلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وغَالِبٌ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٩٩٧ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٩٩٨ - وَالصَّحِيحُ: عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ.\n\n٩٩٩ - وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ⦗٣٨٤⦘،\n\n١٠٠٠ - وَجَعَلَهُ بَعْضُ الضُّعَفَاءِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n١٠٠١ - وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قُبْلَةِ الصَّائِمِ.\n\n١٠٠٢ - فَغَلَطَ بَعْضُ الضُّعَفَاءِ. فَحَمَلُوهُ عَلَى تَرْكَ الْوُضُوءِ مِنْهَا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٠٠٣ - قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: وَلَوْ صَحَّ مِنْهَا إِسْنَادٌ وَاحِدٌ لَقُلْنَا بِهِ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ.\n\n١٠٠٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا إِيجَابَ الْوُضُوءِ مِنْهَا عَنْ مَنَ سَمَّيْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ بِأَسَانِيدَ صَحِيحَةٍ، مَعَ الِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالِاحْتِيَاطِ لِأَمْرِ الطَّهَارَةِ. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"1","page":382},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-50>الْوُضُوءُ مِنْ مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ</span>","vol":"1","page":385},{"text":"١٠٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، يَقُولُ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فَتَذَاكَرْنَا مَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ الْوُضُوءُ، فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ: مِنْ مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ الْوُضُوءُ. فَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ: مَا عَلِمْتُ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ: أَخْبَرَتْنِي بُسْرَةُ بِنْتُ صَفْوَانَ: أَنَّهَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «إِذَا مَسَّ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَكَرَهُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»،\n\n١٠٠٦ - هَذَا حَدِيثٌ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٠٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ ⦗٣٨٦⦘\n\n١٠٠٨ - وَالَّذِي يُخَالِفُهُ يَطْعُنُ فِيهِ، بِأَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ جَعَلَ يُمَارِي مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فِي ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى دَعَا رَجُلًا مِنْ حَرَسِهِ فَأَرْسَلَهُ إِلَى بُسْرَةَ يَسْأَلُهَا عَمَّا حَدَّثَتْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ بُسْرَةُ بِمِثْلِ الَّذِي حَدَّثَهُ عَنْهَا مَرْوَانُ،\n\n١٠٠٩ - وَمَعْرُوفٌ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ صَارَ إِلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. وَلَوْلَا ثِقَةُ الْحَرَسِيِّ عِنْدَهُ لَمَّا صَارَ إِلَيْهِ.\n\n١٠١٠ - ثُمَّ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ بُسْرَةَ، عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَصَدَّقَتْهُ بِمَا قَالَ","vol":"1","page":385},{"text":"١٠١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ، حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ بُسْرَةَ بِنْتِ صَفْوَانَ، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ صَحِبَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا مَسَّ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَكَرَهُ فَلَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ حَتَّى يَتَوَضَّأَ» قَالَ: فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُرْوَةُ، فَسَأَلَ بُسْرَةَ، فَصَدَّقَتْهُ بِمَا قَالَ.\n\n١٠١٢ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: تَابَعَهُ رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَالْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحِزَامِيُّ، وَعَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، فَرَوَوْهُ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، هَكَذَا: عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، عَنْ بُسْرَةَ\n\n١٠١٣ - قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: فَسَأَلْتُ بُسْرَةَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَصَدَّقَتْهُ","vol":"1","page":387},{"text":"١٠١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ ⦗٣٨٨⦘:  «إِذَا أَفْضَى أَحَدُكُمْ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى ذَكَرِهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا شَيْءٌ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»،\n\n١٠١٥ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ. وَرَوَاهُ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْخَيَّاطِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ،\n\n١٠١٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنُ فِهْرٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ رَشِيقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ كَامِلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مِقْلَاصٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ،. فَذَكَرَهُ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ: لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا شَيْءٌ.\n\n١٠١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: رَوَى حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَدَدٌ مِنْهُمْ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، لَا يَذْكُرُونَ فِيهِ أَبَا مُوسَى الْخَيَّاطَ. وَقَدْ سَمِعَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، مِنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ⦗٣٨٩⦘\n\n١٠١٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْمِصْرِيُّ، وَمَعْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، وَإِسْحَاقُ الْفَرْوِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n١٠١٩ - وَيَزِيدُ هُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ،\n\n١٠٢٠ - سُئِلَ عَنْهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلَ، فَقَالَ: شَيْخٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ\n\n١٠٢١ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ﵀: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ الْقَارِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ","vol":"1","page":387},{"text":"١٠٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، وَابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَفْضَى أَحَدُكُمْ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى ذَكَرِهِ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»،\n\n١٠٢٣ - وَزَادَ ابْنُ نَافِعٍ، فَقَالَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣٩٠⦘\n\n١٠٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَمِعْتُ غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ يَرْوُونَهُ لَا يَذْكُرُونَ فِيهِ جَابِرًا\n\n١٠٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ دُحَيْمٌ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوْصُولًا.\n\n١٠٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرَوَى ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ بُسْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَعْنَاهُ يَعْنِي: مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":389},{"text":"١٠٢٧ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إِجَازَةً: أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِيرَوَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْبُرْسَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنْهُ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ بُسْرَةَ بِنْتِ صَفْوَانَ، وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا مَسَّ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَكَرَهُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»\n\n١٠٢٨ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ لَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ رَاوِيهِ، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا ⦗٣٩١⦘.\n\n١٠٢٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنِ الْبُرْسَانِيِّ، وَرَأَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ رِوَايَتَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ هِيَ الْمَحْفُوظَةُ.\n\n١٠٣٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ","vol":"1","page":390},{"text":"١٠٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ مَسِّ فَرْجَهُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»\n\n١٠٣٢ - قَالَ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ: هَكَذَا عِنْدِي، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عُرْوَةُ، عَنْ بُسْرَةَ\n\n١٠٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، ثُمَّ عُرْوَةُ، رَوَاهُ عَنْ بُسْرَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"1","page":391},{"text":"١٠٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ ⦗٣٩٢⦘ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ هُوَ ابْنُ قَيْسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ مَسَّ ذَكَرَهُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»،\n\n١٠٣٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"1","page":391},{"text":"١٠٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ بُسْرَةَ تُحَدِّثُ بِحَدِيثِهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فِي مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ، فَلَمْ يَدَعِ الْوُضُوءَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ \"","vol":"1","page":392},{"text":"١٠٣٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ رِجَالٍ، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا مَسَّ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَكَرَهُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»","vol":"1","page":392},{"text":"١٠٣٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، بَيْنَا هُوَ يَؤُمُ النَّاسَ أَحْسَبُهُ، قَالَ: قَدْ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ ⦗٣٩٣⦘ إِذْ زَلَّتْ يَدُهُ عَلَى ذَكَرِهِ فَأَشَارَ إِلَى النَّاسِ: أَنِ امْكُثُوا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَأَتَمَّ بِهِمْ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ","vol":"1","page":392},{"text":"١٠٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، إِجَازَةً: أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِيرَوَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ الْبُرْسَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، صَلَّى ثُمَّ عَادَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ أَعَادَ الصَّلَاةَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي كُنْتُ مَسَسْتُ ذَكَرِي فَنَسِيتُ»","vol":"1","page":393},{"text":"١٠٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُمْسِكَ الْمُصْحَفَ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، فَاحْتَكَكْتُ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: «لَعَلَّكَ مَسَسْتَ ذَكَرَكَ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: «قُمْ فَتَوَضَّأْ»، فَقُمْتُ فَتَوَضَّأْتُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ","vol":"1","page":393},{"text":"١٠٤١ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ⦗٣٩٤⦘: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «إِذَا مَسَّ الرَّجُلُ ذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ»","vol":"1","page":393},{"text":"١٠٤٢ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يَغْتَسِلُ ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَهْ، أَمَا يُجْزِيكَ الْغُسْلُ مِنَ الْوُضُوءِ؟ قَالَ: «بَلِيِّ، وَلَكِنِّي أَحْيَانًا أَمَسُّ ذَكَرِي فَأَتَوَضَّأُ»","vol":"1","page":394},{"text":"١٠٤٣ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ مَسِّ ذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ»،\n\n١٠٤٤ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، هَذِهِ الْآثَارَ كُلَّهَا","vol":"1","page":394},{"text":"١٠٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «إِذَا مَسَّتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَرْجَهَا تَوَضَّأَتْ»،\n\n١٠٤٦ - تَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"1","page":394},{"text":"١٠٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «فِي الْوُضُوءِ مِنْ مَسِّ ⦗٣٩٥⦘ الذَّكَرِ»، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٠٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي هَذَا الْقَوْلِ وَاحْتُجَّ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: لَا وُضُوءَ فِيهِ،\n\n١٠٤٩ - وَسَمَّاهُمْ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: فَذَكَرَ عَلِيًّا، وَحُذَيْفَةَ، وَابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعِمْرَانَ بْنَ الْحُصَيْنِ، وَعَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ،\n\n١٠٥٠ - وَقَالَ: لَمْ يَرْوُوهُ إِلَّا عَنْ بُسْرَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ النِّسَاءِ، إِلَى الضَّعْفِ مَا هُوَ\n\n١٠٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ رَوَيْنَا قَوْلَنَا، عَنْ غَيْرِ بُسْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٠٥٢ - وَالَّذِي يَعِيبُ عَلَيْنَا الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْ بُسْرَةَ، يَرْوِي عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ عَجْرَدٍ، وَأُمِّ خِدَاشٍ، وَعِدَّةٍ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ لَيْسَ بِمَعْرُوفَاتٍ فِي الْعَامَّةَ، وَيَحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَتَيْنِ. وَيُضَعِّفُ بُسْرَةَ مَعَ سَابِقَتِهَا، وَقَدْيمِ هِجْرَتِهَا، وَصُحْبَتِهَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَقَدْ حُدِّثْتُ بِهَذَا فِي دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَهُمْ مُتَوَافِرُونَ، فَلَمْ يَدْفَعْهُ ⦗٣٩٦⦘ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، بَلْ عَلِمْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ صَارَ إِلَيْهِ عَنْ رِوَايَتِهَا: مِنْهُمْ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَقَدْ دَفَعَ وَأَنْكَرَ الْوُضُوءَ مِنْ مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ الْخَبَرَ، فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ أَنَّ بُسْرَةَ رَوَتْهُ قَالَ بِهِ وَتَرَكَ قَوْلَهُ.\n\n١٠٥٣ - وَسَمِعَهَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ، تُحَدِّثُ بِهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ حَتَّى مَاتَ،\n\n١٠٥٤ - وَهَذِهِ طَرِيقُ أَهْلِ الْفِقْهِ وَالْعِلْمِ","vol":"1","page":394},{"text":"١٠٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي اشْتِهَارِ بُسْرَةَ بِنْتِ صَفْوَانَ، فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ.\n\n١٠٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ النَّسَائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: أَتَدْرُونَ مَنْ بُسْرَةُ بِنْتُ صَفْوَانَ؟ هِيَ جَدَّةُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، أُمُّ أُمِّهِ، فَاعْرِفُوهَا \".\n\n١٠٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ قَالَ: وَبُسْرَةُ بِنْتُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ: مِنَ الْمُبَايعَاتِ، وَوَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ عَمُّهَا، وَلَيْسَ لِصَفْوَانَ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ عَقِبٌ إِلَّا مِنْ قِبَلِ بُسْرَةَ، وَهِيَ زَوْجَةُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ","vol":"1","page":396},{"text":"١٠٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ نَمِرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ بُسْرَةَ بِنْتَ صَفْوَانَ - وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ ⦗٣٩٧⦘ قُصَيِّ بْنِ كِلَابٍ - عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَذَكَرَتْ أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «يَأْمُرُ بِالْوُضُوءِ مِنْ مَسِّ الرَّجُلِ ذَكَرَهُ، وَالْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ مَسِّ فَرْجِهَا»","vol":"1","page":396},{"text":"١٠٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو صَالِحٍ الْبَزَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَمْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نَمِرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ:  «أَعَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ وُضُوءٌ إِذَا مَسَّتْ فَرْجَهَا كَمَا عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْوُضُوءُ مِنْ مَسِّ فَرْجِهِ؟»، فَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٠٦٠ - وَالْقَصْدُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ تَعْرِيفُ بُسْرَةَ","vol":"1","page":397},{"text":"١٠٦١ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَقَالَ: فِي مَتْنِهِ:  «إِذَا أَفْضَى أَحَدُكُمْ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى فَرْجِهِ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ». قَالَ: «وَالْمَرْأَةُ كَذَلِكَ»،\n\n١٠٦٢ - وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ تَعْرِيفَ بُسْرَةَ","vol":"1","page":397},{"text":"١٠٦٣ - وَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ فِي رُجُوعِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ إِلَى رِوَايَتِهَا، فَهُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ عِنْدَ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، فَسُئِلَ عَنْ مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ فَلَمْ يَرَ بِهِ بَأْسًا قَالَ: فَبَعَثَ مَرْوَانُ بَعْضَ حَرَسِهِ إِلَى بُسْرَةَ بِنْتِ صَفْوَانَ، فَقَالَ: أَلَسْتِ حَدَّثْتِينِي: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا مَسَّ الرَّجُلُ فَرْجَهُ بِيَدِهِ فَلَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ حَتَّى يَتَوَضَّأَ؟»، فَرَجَعَ، فَقَالَ: قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: فَكَانَ أَبِي بَعْدُ يَقُولُ: مَنْ مَسَّ فَرْجَهُ أَوْ رَفْغَهُ أَوْ أُنْثَيَيْهِ أَعَادَ الْوُضُوءَ ⦗٣٩٨⦘،\n\n١٠٦٤ - فَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ مَعَ عِلْمِهِ وَفَضْلِهِ قَبِلَ رِوَايَتِهَا حَتَّى قَاسَ عَلَيْهَا غَيْرَهَا.\n\n١٠٦٥ - وَقَدْ مَضَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n١٠٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّحَاوِيِّ تَضْعِيفَهُ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَا رُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ مِمَّنْ تَرَكَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي جَهَالَةِ بُسْرَةَ، ثُمَّ فِي جَرْحِ مَنْ رَوَاهِ عَنْهَا مِنْ مَرْوَانَ، وَالْحَرْسِيِّ،\n\n١٠٦٧ - وَفِيمَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَذَكَرْنَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ بَيَانِ حَالِ بُسْرَةَ، وَمَعْرِفَتِهَا، وَتَصْدِيقِ عُرْوَةَ إِيَّاهَا، وَرُجُوعِهِ إِلَى رِوَايَتِهَا مَا يَكْشِفُ عَنْ ثِقَتِهَا، وَثَّقَةِ مَنْ حَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْهَا، مَعَ مَا رُوِّينَا مِنْ سُؤَالِهِ بُسْرَةَ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَتَصْدِيقِهَا مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْهَا.\n\n١٠٦٨ - فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ رَاوِيَهُ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَخَذَ فِي تَضْعِيفِهِ رَمْزًا، وَأَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَلَيْسَ حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، كَحَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ","vol":"1","page":397},{"text":"١٠٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ،\n\n١٠٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حِينَ فَاتَهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، كَمَا رَوَى عَنْهُ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَدِيثَ:  «مَنِ ابْتُلِيَ ⦗٣٩٩⦘ مِنَ الْبَنَاتِ بِشَيْءٍ فَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِنَّ كُنَّ لَهُ سِتْرًا مِنَ النَّارِ»، حِينَ فَاتَهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ\n\n١٠٧١ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَى عَنْ حَدِيثِ بُسْرَةَ حِينَ فَاتَهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ،\n\n١٠٧٢ - ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ مَرَّةً عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، إِذْ كَانَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ حَفِظَهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَالْحَدِيثُ كَانَ عِنْدَهُمَا جَمِيعًا. فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُمَا،\n\n١٠٧٣ - وَهُمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفِقْهِ وَالصِّدْقِ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ عِنْدَ كَافَّةِ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"1","page":398},{"text":"١٠٧٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا أَعْلَمُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِثْلَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلَكِنْ إِنَّمَا مَنَعَهُ أَنْ يَرْتَفِعَ ذِكْرُهُ مَكَانَ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ حَيِيٌّ،\n\n١٠٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَشْهَبُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ غَزِيَّةَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٤٠٠⦘.\n\n١٠٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: أَنَّهُ اسْتَقْضَى أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ لِيَكْتُبَ لَهُ السُّنَنَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَاعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ\n\n١٠٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَمْ يَخْطِرْ بِبَالِي أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنْسَانٌ يَدَّعِي مَعْرِفَةَ الْآثَارِ وَالرِّوَايَةِ ثُمَّ يَطْعَنُ فِي أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَابْنِهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ⦗٤٠١⦘\n\n١٠٧٨ - قَالَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَالُوا قَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قِيلَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ هِشَامَ بْنَ عُرْوَةَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ هَذَا مِنْ أَبِيهِ، إِنَّمَا أَخَذَهُ مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَيْضًا، وَنَسَبَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى التَّدْلِيسِ\n\n١٠٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَيشْ يَكُونُ إِذَا كَانَ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ثِقَةٌ حَجَّةٌ عِنْدَ كَافَّةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ؟، إِنَّمَا يَضْعُفُ الْحَدِيثُ بِأَنْ يُدْخِلَ الثِّقَةُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَنْ فَوْقَهُ مَجْهُولًا أَوْ ضَعِيفًا، فَإِذَا أَدْخَلَ ثِقَةً مَعْرُوفًا قَامَتْ بِهِ الْحِجَّةُ،\n\n١٠٨٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَى هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، حَدِيثَ الطِّيبِ.\n\n١٠٨١ - وَرَوَى عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، حَدِيثَ الْآبِقِ،\n\n١٠٨٢ - وَمَثَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ كَثِيرٌ وَلَمْ يَرُدَّ بِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٠٨٣ - عَلَى أَنُّهُ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَخَذَهُ عَنْهُ أَوَّلًا، ثُمَّ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ، فَحَدَّثَ بِهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"1","page":399},{"text":"١٠٨٤ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مَنْصُورٍ الْعَتَكِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْفَضْلَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّعْرَانِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ:  «لَمْ يَسْمَعْ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ حَدِيثَ أَبِيهِ فِي مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ» قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَسَأَلْتُ هِشَامًا، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي.\n\n١٠٨٥ - ثُمَّ أَخَذَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَحَادِيثَ لَمْ نَعْتَمِدْ عَلَيْهَا فِي الْوُضُوءِ مِنْ مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ، وَجَعَلَ يُضَعِّفُهَا مَرَّةً بِضَعْفِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَمَرَّةً بِالِانْقِطَاعِ، وَإِنَّ مَنْ أَوْجَبَ الْوُضُوءَ مِنْهُ لَا يَقُولُ بِالْمُنْقَطِعِ.\n\n١٠٨٦ - وَنَحْنُ إِنَّمَا لَا نَقُولُ بِالْمُنْقَطِعِ إِذَا كَانَ مُنْفَرِدًا، فَإِذَا انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ غَيْرُهُ، أَوِ انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ قَوْلُ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ، أَوْ مَا تَتَأَكَّدُ بِهِ الْمَرَاسِيلُ، وَلَمُ يُعَارِضْهُ مَا هُوَ أَقْوَى مِنْهُ فَإِنَّا نَقُولُ بِهِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى بَيَانُ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْكِتَابِ،\n\n١٠٨٧ - وَمُرْسَلُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ قَدِ انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ مُرْسَلُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَمُرْسَلُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ قَوْلُ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَهُمْ لَا يَقُولُونَ إِلَّا عَنْ تَوقِيفٍ. فَالرَّأْيُ لَا يَقْتَضِيهِ مَعَ مَا رُوِّينَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَسَانِيدِ الصَّحِيحَةِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ لَا يَكُونُ مِثْلُهَا غَلَطًا.\n\n١٠٨٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"1","page":402},{"text":"١٠٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُتْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّبَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ ⦗٤٠٣⦘: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مَسَّ فَرْجَهُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، وَأَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ مَسَّتْ فَرْجَهَا فَلْتَتَوَضَّأْ»،\n\n١٠٩٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، قَاضِي دِمَشْقَ،\n\n١٠٩١ - وَالزُّبَيْدِيُّ هَذَا مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ ⦗٤٠٤⦘،\n١٠٩٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو.\n\n١٠٩٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو\n\n١٠٩٤ - قَالَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ: أَنْتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ شُعَيْبٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِيهِ شَيْئًا، وَإِنَّمَا حَدِيثُهُ عَنْهُ صَحِيفَةٌ ⦗٤٠٥⦘.\n\n١٠٩٥ - فَقُلْنَا: مَنْ يَزْعُمُ هَذَا؟ نَحْنُ لَا نَعْلَمُ خِلَافًا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ فِي سَمَاعِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، مِنْ أَبِيهِ\n\n١٠٩٦ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ: عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، سَمِعَ أَبَاهُ، وَسَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَطَاوُسًا\n\n١٠٩٧ - قُلْتُ: وَإِنَّمَا الْخِلَافُ فِي سَمَاعِ شُعَيْبٍ مِنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو\n\n١٠٩٨ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْجِمَاعِ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى سَمَاعِ شُعَيْبٍ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو","vol":"1","page":402},{"text":"١٠٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَخْبَرَنَا وَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ زِيَادٍ الْفَقِيهَ النَّيْسَابُورِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ الْوَرَّاقَ، يَقُولُ: قُلْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ: عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، سَمِعَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ: يَقُولُ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، قُلْتُ: فَأَبُوهُ سَمِعَ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ أَرَاهُ قَدْ سَمِعَ». قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيَّ، يَقُولُ ⦗٤٠٦⦘: هُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَقَدْ صَحَّ سَمَاعُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ مِنْ أَبِيهِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَصَحَّ سَمَاعُ شُعَيْبٍ، مِنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو\n\n١١٠٠ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ الْعِلَلِ لِأَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيِّ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ فِي مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ هُوَ عِنْدِي صَحِيحٌ».\n\n١١٠١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَنَحْنُ إِنَّمَا اعْتَمَدْنَا فِي الْبَابِ عَلَى مَا مَضَى وَحَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ يُؤَكِّدُهُ إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا الشَّيْخَ لَعَلَّهُ سَمِعَ شَيْئًا فَلَمْ يُحْكِمْهُ، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُبَيِّنَ خَطَأَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ سَكَتَ عَنْ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَمْثَالِ ذَلِكَ، فَبَيَّنَ فِي كَلَامِهِ أَنَّ عِلْمَ الْحَدِيثِ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ صِنَاعَتِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذَ الْكَلِمَةَ بَعْدَ الْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُحْكِمْهَا، وَبِاللَّهُ التَّوْفِيقُ،\n\n١١٠٢ - وَرَوَى الطَّحَاوِيُّ، رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ حَدِيثَ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ مِنْ جِهَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ فِي الطَّعْنِ عَلَى ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِحَجَّةٍ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ غَلَطَ، لِأَنَّ عُرْوَةَ أَنْكَرَهُ حِينَ سَأَلَهُ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُنْكِرَ مَا قَدْ حَدَّثَهُ إِيَّاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١١٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَدِدْنَا أَنْ لَوَ كَانَ احْتِجَاجُهُ فِي مَسَائِلِهِ بِأَمْثَالِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، كَيْفَ وَهُوَ يَحْتَجُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ بِمَنْ قَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى ضَعْفِهِ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ.\n\n١١٠٤ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ صَاحِبُنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ جِهَةِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ بُسْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ ⦗٤٠٧⦘\n\n١١٠٥ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا.\n\n١١٠٦ - وَهُوَ إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ لَيْسَ فِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ يُخْتَلَفُ فِي عَدَالَتِهِ.\n\n١١٠٧ - وَإِنَّمَا الْمُنْكَرُ عَلَى ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ رِوَايَتُهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ نَفْسِهِ، فَإِنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا أَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهِ ذِكْرَ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْ لَمْ تَبْلُغْهُ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَوْ بَلَغَتْهُ بِالشَّكِّ.\n\n١١٠٨ - وَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ مِنْ تَقَدُّمِ مَوْتِ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، فَهَذَا مِنْهُ ⦗٤٠٨⦘ تَوَهُّمٌ وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يَطْعَنُوا فِي الْأَخْبَارِ بِالتَّوَهُّمِ، فَقَدْ بَقِيَ زَيْدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ إِلَى سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ وَسَبْعِينَ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ.\n\n١١٠٩ - وَمَاتَ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَسِتِّينَ.\n\n١١١٠ - هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالتَّوَارِيخِ،\n\n١١١١ - فَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عُرْوَةُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حِينَ سَأَلَهُ مَرْوَانُ، ثُمَّ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ بُسْرَةَ، ثُمَّ سَمِعَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى رِوَايَتِهَا، وَقَلَّدَ حَدِيثَهُمَا، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.\n\n١١١٢ - وَتَعْلِيلُ مَنْ عَلَّلَ حَدِيثَ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِاخْتِلَافِ الرُّوَاةِ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِقَامَةِ إِسْنَادِهِ لَا يَقْدَحُ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْ أَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ، فَالَّذِي أَقَامَهُ حَافَظٌ ثِقَةٌ، وَخَطَأُ مَنْ أَخْطَأَ فِيهِ عَلَى الزُّهْرِيِّ حِينَ قَالَ فِيهِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَوْ عَلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، حَتَّى قَالَ فِيهِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَرْوَى، لَا يَقْدَحُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَهْلِ الثِّقَةِ، فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ مَوْجُودٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ الضُّعَفَاءِ لِأَحَادِيثِ أَهْلِ الْحِفْظِ، فَلَمْ يَقْدَحْ ذَلِكَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَرُدَّ بِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفِقْهِ حَدِيثَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١١١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ قَاضِيَ الْيَمَامَةِ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ جَابِرٍ ذَكَرَا عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا وُضُوءَ مِنْهُ.\n\n١١١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ سَأَلْنَا عَنْ قَيْسٍ، فَلَمْ نَجِدْ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهُ بِمَا يَكُونُ لَنَا قَبُولُ خَبَرِهِ، وَقَدْ عَارَضَهُ مَنْ وَصَفْنَا ثِقَتَهُ وَرَجَاحَتَهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَتَثَبُّتَهُ ⦗٤٠٩⦘\n\n١١١٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، قَاضِي الْيَمَامَةِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ السُّحَيْمِيِّ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ","vol":"1","page":405},{"text":"١١١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْأُسْتَاذُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَكُونُ أَحَدُنَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَيَمَسُّ ذَكَرَهُ يُعِيدُ الْوُضُوءُ؟ قَالَ: «لَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْكَ»","vol":"1","page":409},{"text":"١١١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَيْسُ بْنُ طَلْقٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جَالِسًا، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَسَسْتُ ذَكَرِي وَأَنَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ، أَوْ قَالَ: يَمَسُّ الرَّجُلُ ذَكَرَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْكَ»\n\n١١١٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، بِالشَّكِّ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ، أَوْ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَسْأَلُهُ: «بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أُصَلِّي، فَذَهَبْتُ أَحُكُّ فَخِذِي فَأَصَابَتْ يَدِي ذَكَرِي» ⦗٤١٠⦘،\n\n١١١٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الصَّلَاةِ وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَبْنِي مَسْجِدَهُ،\n\n١١٢٠ - وَأَيُّوبُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ،\n١١٢١ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ضَعِيفَانِ،\n\n١١٢٢ - وَرَوَاهُ مُلَازِمُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ صَاحِبَيِ الصَّحِيحِ، لَمْ يَحْتَجَّا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ رِوَايَتِهِمَا ⦗٤١١⦘،\n\n١١٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، مُرْسَلًا","vol":"1","page":409},{"text":"١١٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْمُحَمَّدَابَاذِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ،.\n\n١١٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، إِمْلَاءً مِنْ كِتَابِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ الْيَمَامِيُّ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، أَنَّ طَلْقًا، سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمَسُّ ذَكَرَهُ وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ كَبَعْضِ جَسَدِهِ»\n\n١١٢٦ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، لِأَنَّ قَيْسًا لَمْ يَشْهَدْ سُؤَالَ طَلْقٍ. وَعِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ أَقْوَى مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ هُوَ أَيْضًا مُخْتَلَفًا فِي عَدَالَتِهِ: فَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَتَرَكَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ فِي آخَرِينَ.\n\n١١٢٧ - وَأَمَّا قَيْسُ بْنُ طَلْقٍ فَفِي حِكَايَةِ رَجَاءِ بْنِ مُرَجَّا الْحَافِظِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ، أَنَّهُ احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ بُسْرَةَ بِنْتِ صَفْوَانَ،\n\n١١٢٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ بِحَدِيثِ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، وَقَالَ لِيَحْيَى: كَيْفَ يَتَقَلَّدُ إِسْنَادَ بُسْرَةَ، وَمَرْوَانُ أَرْسَلَ شُرْطِيًا حَتَّى رَدَّ جَوَابَهَا إِلَيْهِ؟ ⦗٤١٢⦘ فَقَالَ يَحْيَى: ثُمَّ لَمْ يُقْنِعْ ذَلِكَ عُرْوَةَ حَتَّى أَتَى بُسْرَةَ فَسَأَلَهَا وَشَافَهَتْهُ بِالْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١١٢٩ - ثُمَّ قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَلَقَدْ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ فِي قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِهِ.\n\n١١٣٠ - فَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: كِلَا الْأَمْرَيْنِ عَلَى مَا قُلْتُمَا،\n\n١١٣١ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ احْتِجَاجَ يَحْيَى بِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَتَضْعِيفَ أَحْمَدَ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي قَيْسٍ الْأَوْدِيِّ، عَنْ هُزَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي خِلَافِهِ،\n\n١١٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْجِرَاحِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَجَاءُ بْنُ مُرَجَّا،. فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٣٣ - وَهُوَ بِتَمَامِهِ مَنْقُولٌ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"1","page":411},{"text":"١١٣٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ: سَأَلْتُ أَبِي، وَأَبَا زُرْعَةَ: عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَا: «قَيْسُ بْنُ طَلْقٍ لَيْسَ مِمَّنْ يَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ»، وَوَهَّنَاهُ وَلَمْ يُثْبِتَاهُ ⦗٤١٣⦘.\n\n١١٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ كَمَا لَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، لَمْ يَحْتَجَّا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ رِوَايَاتِهِ وَلَا بِرِوَايَاتِ أَكْثَرِ رُوَاةِ حَدِيثِهِ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١١٣٦ - وَحَدِيثُ بُسْرَةَ بِنْتِ صَفْوَانَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ لِاخْتِلَافٍ وَقَعَ فِي سَمَاعِ عُرْوَةَ مِنْ بُسْرَةَ، أَوْ هُوَ عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، عَنْ بُسْرَةَ؟ فَقَدِ احْتَجَّا بِسَائِرِ رُوَاةِ حَدِيثِهَا.\n\n١١٣٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ الْبُخَارِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فِي حَدِيثِهِ مُتْعَةِ الْحَجِّ،\n\n١١٣٨ - وَحَدِيثِ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ.\n\n١١٣٩ - وَحَدِيثِ الْجِهَادِ ⦗٤١٤⦘.\n\n١١٤٠ - وَحَدِيثِ الشِّعْرِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، فَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الْبُخَارِيِّ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ.\n\n١١٤١ - وَإِذَا ثَبَتَ سُؤَالُ عُرْوَةَ بُسْرَةَ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، كَانَ الْحَدِيثُ صَحِيحًا عَلَى شَرْطِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، وَمُسْلِمٍ جَمِيعًا.\n\n١١٤٢ - وَقَدْ مَضَتِ الدَّلَالَةُ عَلَى سُؤَالِهِ إِيَّاهَا عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَتَصْدِيقِهَا مَرْوَانَ فِيمَا رَوَى عَنْهَا. فَهَذَا وَجْهُ رُجْحَانِ حَدِيثِهَا عَلَى حَدِيثِ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْإِسْنَادِ، كَمَا أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀.\n\n١١٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَالرُّجْحَانُ إِنَّمَا يَقَعُ بِوُجُودِ شَرَائِطِ الصِّحَّةِ وَالْعَدَالَةِ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الرُّوَاةِ. دُونَ مَنْ خَالَفَهُمْ.\n\n١١٤٤ - وَشَرْحُهَا هَهُنَا يَطُولُ. فَجَعَلْتُ احْتِجَاجَ صَاحِبَيِ الصَّحِيحِ بِهِمْ فِي سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ مِمَّنْ خَالَفَهُمْ عَلَامَةً لِمَنْ عَرَفَ تَقَدُّمَهَا فِي عَلِمِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَمْ يَعْرِفْهُمْ عَلَى وُجَودِهَا فِيهِمْ دُونَ مَنْ خَالَفَهُمْ. فَتَبَيَّنَ بِذَلِكَ صِحَّةُ ⦗٤١٥⦘ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀، مِنْ رُجْحَانِ حَدِيثِ بُسْرَةَ عَلَى حَدِيثِ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْإِسْنَادِ.\n\n١١٤٥ - فَأَمَّا مَا احْتَجُّوا بِهِ مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِ الصَّحَابَةِ، فَقَدْ رَجَّحَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَوْلَ مَنْ أَوْجَبَ مِنْهُ الْوُضُوءَ عَلَى قَوْلِ مَنْ لَمْ يُوجِبْهُ، بِأَنَّ الَّذِي قَالَ: لَا وُضُوءَ فِيهِ، إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ بِالرَّأْيِ. وَالَّذِي أَوْجَبَ الْوُضُوءَ فِيهِ لَا يُوجِبُهُ إِلَّا بِالِاتِّبَاعِ، لِأَنَّ الرَّأْيَ لَا يُوجِبُهُ.\n\n١١٤٦ - هَذَا وَالْوُضُوءُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَابِتٌ، وَمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ خَالَفَهُ حُجَّةٌ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"1","page":412},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-51>لَا وُضُوءَ عَلَى مَنْ مَسِّ شَيْئًا نَجِسًا</span>","vol":"1","page":416},{"text":"١١٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ جَدَّتِيَ أَسْمَاءَ، تَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ يُصِيبُ الثَّوْبَ؟ فَقَالَ: «حُتِّيهِ، ثُمَّ اقْرُصِيهِ بِالْمَاءِ ثُمَّ رُشِّيهِ، ثُمَّ صَلِّي فِيهِ»\n\n١١٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِدَمِ الْحَيْضِ أَنْ يُغْسَلَ بِالْيَدِ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِالْوُضُوءِ مِنْهُ فَالدَّمُ أَنْجَسُ مِنَ الذَّكَرِ، فَكُلُّ مَا مَاسَّ مِنْ نَجِسٍ قِيَاسٌ عَلَيْهِ بِأَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مِنْهُ وُضُوءٌ ⦗٤١٧⦘\n\n١١٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رِوَايَةُ الرَّبِيعِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ.\n\n١١٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ جَدَّتِهَا أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً سَأَلَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، عَنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ يُصِيبُ الثَّوْبَ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ. كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، وَوَكِيعٌ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"1","page":416},{"text":"١١٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الرِّيحَ لَتَسْفِي عَلَيْنَا الرَّوْثَ، وَالْخَرْءَ الْيَابِسَ، فَيُصِيبُ وُجُوهَنَا وَثِيَابَنَا، فَنِنْفُضُهُ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «فَنَمْسَحُهُ، ثُمَّ لَا نَتَوَضَّأُ، وَلَا نَغْسِلُهُ»","vol":"1","page":417},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-52>الْوُضُوءُ مِنَ الْقَيْءِ، وَالرُّعَافِ</span>\n١١٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: قَدْ بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ، ﷿، مَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ الْوُضُوءُ، وَكَيْفُ هُوَ. وَسُنَّةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَنْزِلْ فِي الدَّمِ كِتَابٌ، وَلَمُ يَأْتِ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ. قُلْنَا كَأَنَّهُ مِنَ الْعَفْوِ مَعَ أَنَّا اعْتَمَدْنَا فِيهِ عَلَى الْآثَارِ الْقَوِيَّةِ","vol":"1","page":418},{"text":"١١٥٣ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْقِيَاسَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَصَرَ بَثْرَةً فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَخَرَجَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ دَمٍ فَدَلَكَهُ بَيْنَ إصْبُعَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَمُ يَغْسِلْ يَدَهُ»","vol":"1","page":418},{"text":"١١٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ بَكْرٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَصَرَ بَثْرَةً فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَخَرَجَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ دَمٍ ⦗٤١٩⦘ فَحَكَّهُ بَيْنَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ \"","vol":"1","page":418},{"text":"١١٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا احْتَجَمَ غَسَلَ أَثَرَ الْمَحَاجِمِ»","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ،. فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «غَسَلَ مَحَاجِمَهُ»","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «اغْسِلْ أَثَرَ الْمَحَاجِمِ عَنْكَ وَحَسْبُكَ»","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٥٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُحْتَجِمِ وُضُوءٌ»","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٥٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ رَعَفَ، فَمَسَحَ أَنْفَهُ بِصُوفَةٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى»","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٦٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْمُجَبَّرِ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى سَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَنْفِهِ الدَّمُ فَيَمْسَحُهُ بِأَصَابِعِهِ، ثُمَّ يَفْتِلُهُ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي وَلَا يَتَوَضَّأُ»","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٦١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَطَرَتْ مِنْ أَنْفِهِ قَطْرَةُ دَمٍ، فَأَمَرَ بُرْدًا فَمَصَّهَا، ثُمَّ صَلَّى وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ»\n\n١١٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَابْنُ أَبِي أَوْفَى لَا يَرَوْنَ مِنَ الدَّمِ وُضُوءًا. وَيُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ: أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ يَرْعُفُ فَيَخْرُجُ، فَيَغْسِلُ الدَّمَ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَيَبْنِي عَلَى مَا قَدْ صَلَّى \"","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٦٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَرْعُفُ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الدَّمُ حَتَّى تَخْتَضِبَ أَصَابِعُهُ مِنَ الدَّمِ الَّذِي يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَنْفِهِ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي وَلَا يَتَوَضَّأُ»","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٦٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْمُجَبَّرِ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى سَالِمَ بْنَ ⦗٤٢٠⦘ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَنْفِهِ الدَّمُ فَيَمْسَحُهُ بِأَصَابِعِهِ، ثُمَّ يَفْتِلُهُ وَلَا يَتَوَضَّأُ»\n\n١١٦٦ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: «أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يُرْعُفَانِ فَيَتَوَضَّأَنِ وَيَبْنِيَانِ عَلَى مَا صَلَّيَا»، فَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَكُونَا يَرَيَانِ فِي الدَّمِ وُضُوءًا ⦗٤٢١⦘.\n\n١١٦٧ - وَإِنَّمَا مَعْنَى وُضُوئِهِمَا عِنْدَنَا: غَسْلُ الدَّمِ، وَمَا أَصَابَ مِنَ الْجَسَدِ، لَا وُضُوءَ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n١١٦٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: أَنَّهُ غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ مِنْ طَعَامٍ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِبَلَلِ يَدَيْهِ وَوَجْهِهِ قَالَ: «هَذَا وُضُوءُ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ»\n\n١١٦٩ - وَهَذَا مَعْرُوفٌ مِنْ كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ يُسَمَّى وُضُوءًا لِغَسْلِ بَعْضِ الْأَعْضَاءِ لَا لِكَمَالِ وُضُوءِ الصَّلَاةِ،\n\n١١٧٠ - وَهَكَذَا مَعْنَى مَا رُوِي عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْوُضُوءِ مِنَ الرُّعَافِ عِنْدَنَا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١١٧١ - وَلَيْسَتْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ بِثَابِتَةٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمْ\n\n١١٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ الَّتِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ جُرَيْجٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ الْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ، لَا يُعْلَمُ لَهُ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ إِلَّا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْوِتْرِ، وَلَيْسَتْ بِقَوِيَةٍ.\n\n١١٧٣ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: لَا يُتَابَعُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"١١٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ رَعَفَ، أَوْ قَاءَ فَإِنَّهُ يَتَوَضَّأُ وَيَبْنِي، مَا لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ»\n\n١١٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ.\n\n١١٧٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَكِلَاهُمَا غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ.\n\n١١٧٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مَرَّةً ثَالِثَةً عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مُرْسَلًا، وَهُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ","vol":"1","page":422},{"text":"١١٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا قَاءَ أَحَدُكُمْ، أَوْ قَلَسَ، أَوْ وَجَدَ مَذْيًا، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، وَلِيَرْجِعْ فَلْيَبْنِ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ».\n\n١١٧٩ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ: قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى، يَقُولُ: هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ الَّذِي يَرْوِيهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.\n\n١١٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ،\n\n١١٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ ⦗٤٢٤⦘ عَجْلَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ،\n\n١١٨٢ - وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ، وَعَبَّادٌ، وَعَطَاءٌ، كُلُّهُمْ ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n١١٨٣ - وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ، مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١١٨٤ - قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ.\n\n١١٨٥ - وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١١٨٦ - وَعُمَرُ بْنُ رِبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٤٢٥⦘،\n\n١١٨٧ - وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الدَّاهِرِيُّ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ،\n\n١١٨٨ - وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ،\n\n١١٨٩ - وَعُمَرُ بْنُ رِبَاحٍ،\n\n١١٩٠ - وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الدَّاهِرِيُّ ضُعَفَاءُ.\n\n١١٩١ - قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ","vol":"1","page":423},{"text":"١١٩٢ - وَرَوَى عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: رَآنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَقَدْ سَالَ مِنْ أَنْفِي دَمٌ، فَقَالَ:  «أَحْدِثْ لِمَا حَدَثَ وُضُوءًا» ⦗٤٢٦⦘.\n\n١١٩٣ - وَعَمْرُو بنُ خَالِدٍ فِي عِدَادِ مَنْ يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١١٩٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْأَحْمَرِ، عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ،\n\n١١٩٥ - وَجَعْفَرٌ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗٤٢٧⦘.\n\n١١٩٦ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ\n\n١١٩٧ - وَهُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ.\n\n١١٩٨ - قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ","vol":"1","page":425},{"text":"١١٩٩ - وَرَوَى يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: قَالَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «الْوُضُوءُ مِنْ كُلِّ دَمٍ سَائِلٍ»\n\n١٢٠٠ - وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيُّ، وَلَا رَآهُ.\n\n١٢٠١ - وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ،\n\n١٢٠٢ - وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ مَجْهُولَانِ\n\n١٢٠٣ - قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ،\n\n١٢٠٤ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا فِي الدَّمِ السَّائِلِ.\n\n١٢٠٥ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗٤٢٨⦘\n\n١٢٠٦ - قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ.\n\n١٢٠٧ - وَجَمِيعُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنٍ السُّلَمِيِّ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ، ﵀","vol":"1","page":427},{"text":"١٢٠٨ - وَحَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، مَرْفُوعًا: «الْقَلْسُ حَدَثٌ».\n\n١٢٠٩ - رَاوِيهِ سَوَّارُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَلَمْ يَرْوِهِ غَيْرُهُ","vol":"1","page":428},{"text":"١٢١٠ - وَرَوَى يَعِيشُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَعْدَانَ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، أَوِ ابْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَاءَ فَأَفْطَرَ»، فَلَقِيتُ ثَوْبَانَ فِي مَسْجِدِ دِمَشْقَ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا صَبَبْتُ لَهُ وُضُوءَهُ.\n\n١٢١١ - وَإِسْنَادُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مُضْطَرِبٌ.\n\n١٢١٢ - وَيَعِيشُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فِيهِ نَظَرٌ ⦗٤٢٩⦘.\n\n١٢١٣ - صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ لَمْ يَحْتَجَا بِهِ.\n\n١٢١٤ - ثُمَّ هُوَ يَحْتَمِلُ مَا احْتَمَلَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، إِنْ صَحَّ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ غَسْلَ بَعْضِ الْأَعْضَاءِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":428},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-53>الْوُضُوءُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ وَالضَّحِكِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"1","page":430},{"text":"١٢١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «لَا وُضُوءَ مِنْ كَلَامٍ وَإِنْ عَظُمَ وَلَا ضَحِكٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَلَا غَيْرِهَا»","vol":"1","page":430},{"text":"١٢١٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِالْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّاتِ، فَلْيَقُلْ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ \".\n\n١٢١٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ وُضُوءًا. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"1","page":430},{"text":"١٢١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" مَنْ حَلَفَ مِنْكُمْ فَقَالَ فِي حَلِفِهِ: وَاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى، فَلْيَقُلْ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَمَنْ قَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ: تَعَالَ أُقَامِرْكَ، فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ \"\n\n١٢١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ فِي الْقَهْقَهَةِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ: إِنَّهَا مِثْلُ الْكَلَامِ، إِنْ عَمَدَ قَطَعَ صَلَاتَهُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ وُضُوءٌ","vol":"1","page":431},{"text":"١٢٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَضْحَكُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ؟ قَالَ: «يُعِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ وَلَا يُعِيدُ الْوُضُوءَ»\n\n١٢٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ جَابِرٌ. فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٢٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو شَيْبَةَ، قَاضِي وَاسِطٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n١٢٢٣ - وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَتْنِهِ. وَالْوُقُوفُ هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ، وَرَفْعُهُ ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n١٢٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ⦗٤٣٢⦘.\n\n١٢٢٥ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْفُقَهَاءِ السَّبْعَةِ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ، وَقَوْلُ الشَّعْبِيِّ. وَعَطَاءٍ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n١٢٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: عَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ وَيَسْتَأْنِفُ\n\n١٢٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ عِنْدَنَا الْحَدِيثُ بِمَا يَقُولُ لَقُلْنَا بِهِ، وَالَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْقِيَاسَ أَنْ لَا يُنْتَقَضَ. وَلَكِنَّهُ زَعْمٌ يَتْبَعُ الْآثَارَ. فَلَوْ كَانَ يَتْبَعُ مِنْهَا الصَّحِيحَ الْمَعْرُوفَ. كَانَ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا حَمِيدًا، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَرُدُّ مِنْهَا الصَّحِيحَ الْمَوصُولَ الْمَعْرُوفَ. وَيَقْبَلُ الضَّعِيفَ الْمُنْقَطِعَ","vol":"1","page":431},{"text":"١٢٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا ضَحِكَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ أَنْ يُعِيدَ الْوُضُوءَ وَالصَّلَاةَ».\n\n١٢٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمْ نَقْبَلْ هَذَا، لِأَنَّهُ مُرْسَلٌ.\n\n١٢٣٠ - ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١٢٣١ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمَّا أَمْكَنَ فِي ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ يَرْوِي عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ هُوَ ابْنُ أَرْقَمَ لَمْ يُؤْمَنْ مِثْلُ هَذَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ.\n\n١٢٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا فِي كَلَامٍ طَوِيلٍ ذَكَرَهُ فِي بَيَانِ عَوَارِ الْمَرَاسِيلِ. فَإِنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ يَرْوِي بَعْدَ الصَّحَابَةِ عَنْ خِيَارِ التَّابِعِينَ. ثُمَّ يُرْسِلُ ⦗٤٣٣⦘ عَنْ مِثْلِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا بَيَّنَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n١٢٣٣ - وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُ: مُرْسَلُ الزُّهْرِيِّ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.\n\n١٢٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، مُرْسَلًا\n\n١٢٣٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٢٣٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n١٢٣٧ - عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ ⦗٤٣٤⦘ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ،\n\n١٢٣٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ بَقِيَّةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ،\n\n١٢٣٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n١٢٤٠ - وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ. وَعَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ غَيْرُ ثِقَةٍ.\n\n١٢٤١ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَزَارِيُّ، وَهُوَ شَيْخٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمِصِّيصَةِ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗٤٣٥⦘\n\n١٢٤٢ - قَالَهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، بِإِسْنَادٍ لَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ،\n\n١٢٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ. عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ مَعْبَدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ،\n\n١٢٤٤ - وَمَعْبَدٌ هُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، وَلَيْسَتْ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ،\n\n١٢٤٥ - وَرَوَاهُ غَيْلَانُ بْنُ جَامِعٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ مَعْبَدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ،\n\n١٢٤٦ - وَرَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، مُرْسَلًا.\n\n١٢٤٧ - وَالْمَحْفَوظُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ مَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ أكَابِرُ أَصْحَابِهِ، مُرْسَلًا. وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذَهُ الْحَسَنُ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ،\n\n١٢٤٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، مُرْسَلًا. وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ.\n\n١٢٤٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٢٥٠ - وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخْطَأَ فِيهٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ تَعَمَّدَهُ فَخَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ.\n\n١٢٥١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ مَرَّةً، وَكَانَ ضَعِيفًا، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٢٥٢ - وَقَتَادَةُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، فَالْحَدِيثُ يَدُورُ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ الرِّيَاحِيِّ ⦗٤٣٦⦘.\n\n١٢٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ.\n\n١٢٥٤ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يَدُورُ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ. فَقُلْتُ: فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ مُرْسَلًا. فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ قَالَ: أَنَا حَدَّثْتُ بِهِ الْحَسَنَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، فَقُلْتُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مُرْسَلًا. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: حَدَّثَنِي شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ قَالَ: أَنَا حَدَّثْتُ بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ. فَقُلْتُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ مُرْسَلًا. فَقَالَ: قَرَأْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ ابْنِ أَخِي الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ.\n\n١٢٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ الرِّيَاحِيُّ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١٢٥٦ - وَمَرَاسِيلُ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ لَيْسَتْ بِشَيْءٍ، لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا بِالْأَخْذِ عَنْ كُلِّ أَحَدٍ","vol":"1","page":432},{"text":"١٢٥٧ - وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ:  «كَانَ هَهُنَا ثَلَاثَةٌ يُصَدِّقُونَ كُلَّ مَنْ حَدَّثَهُمْ».\n\n١٢٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٥٩ - قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: كَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ.\n\n١٢٦٠ - وَرَوَاهُ وُهَيْبٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ،. فَسَمَّى هَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةَ: الْحَسَنَ، وَأَبَا الْعَالِيَةَ، وَحُمَيْدَ بْنَ هِلَالٍ ⦗٤٣٧⦘\n\n١٢٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلِهَذَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: حَدِيثُ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ الرِّيَاحِيِّ رِيَاحٌ.\n\n١٢٦٢ - وَحَدِيثُ مُجَالِدٍ يُجْلَدُ.\n\n١٢٦٣ - وَحَدِيثُ حَرَامٍ حَرَامٌ\n\n١٢٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا نَصْرٍ فَتْحَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْفَقِيهَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ حَرْمَلَةَ بْنَ يَحْيَى، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُهُ.\n\n١٢٦٥ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الْوَاحِدَ، وَمَا يُرْسِلُهُ، فَأَمَّا مَا يُوصِلُ فَهُوَ فِيهِ ثِقَةٌ وَحَجَّةٌ\n\n١٢٦٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ مُظْلِمَةٍ لَا تُسَاوِي ذِكْرَهَا.\n\n١٢٦٧ - وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، يَقُولُ: لَمْ يَثَبِّتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الضَّحِكِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ خَبَرٌ.\n\n١٢٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُطَرِّزُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى، يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"1","page":436},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-54>الْأَخْذُ مِنَ الشَّوَارِبِ</span>","vol":"1","page":438},{"text":"١٢٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَرَوَى الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٤٣٩⦘: «أَعْفُوا اللِّحَى وَخُذُوا مِنَ الشَّوَارِبِ، وَغَيِّرُوا الشَّيْبَ، وَلَا تَشَبَّهُوا بِالْيَهُودِ».\n\n١٢٧٠ - كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ\n\n١٢٧١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصَّغَانِيِّ","vol":"1","page":438},{"text":"قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ⦗٤٤٠⦘ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، مَوْلَى الْحُرَقَةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «جُزُّوا الشَّوَارِبَ وَأَرْخُوا اللِّحَى، خَالِفُوا الْمَجُوسَ».\n\n١٢٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٧٣ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّ إِجَازَةً: أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الصَّغَانِيُّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ. فَذَكَرَهُ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَأَعْفُوا اللِّحَى»","vol":"1","page":439},{"text":"١٢٧٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَخْرَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: «ضِفْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْلَةً فَأَخَذَ بِشَارِبِي عَلَى سِوَاكٍ»","vol":"1","page":440},{"text":"١٢٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ ⦗٤٤١⦘: «ضِفْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فَأَمَرَ لِي بِجَنْبٍ فَشُوِيَ، وَأَخَذَ مِنْ شَارِبِي عَلَى سِوَاكٍ»\n\n١٢٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَمَرَ بإِحِفَاءِ الشَّوَارِبِ، وَإِعْفَاءِ اللِّحَى»","vol":"1","page":440},{"text":"١٢٧٧ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْفِطْرَةِ: الْخِتَانُ، وَالِاسْتِحْدَادُ، وَتَقْلِيمُ الْأَظْفَارِ، وَنَتْفُ الْإِبْطِ، وَقَصُّ الشَّارِبِ \"،\n\n١٢٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَسَدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْفِطْرَةُ خَمْسٌ، أَوْ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْفِطْرَةِ»، فَذَكَرَهُنَّ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"1","page":441},{"text":"١٢٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ طَلْقٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْفِطْرَةِ: قَصُّ الشَّارِبِ، وَإِعْفَاءُ اللِّحْيَةِ، وَالسِّوَاكُ، وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقُ بِالْمَاءِ، وَقَصُّ الْأَظْفَارِ، وَغَسْلُ الْبَرَاجِمِ، وَنَتْفُ الْإِبْطِ، وَحَلْقُ الْعَانَةِ، وَانْتِقَاصُ الْمَاءِ \".\n\n١٢٨٠ - قَالَ مُصْعَبٌ: وَنَسِيتُ الْعَاشِرَةَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ الْمَضْمَضَةَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ.\n\n١٢٨١ - وَغَسْلُ الْبَرَاجِمِ مَعْنَاهُ: تَنْظِيفُ الْمَوَاضِعِ الَّتِي تَتَّسِخُ فَيَجْتَمِعُ فِيهَا الْوَسَخُ.\n\n١٢٨٢ - وَانْتِقَاصُ الْمَاءِ: أَرَادَ بِهِ الِاسْتِنْجَاءَ.\n\n١٢٨٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ ⦗٤٤٣⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «الْخِتَانُ»، وَنَقَصَ: «إِعْفَاءُ اللِّحْيَةِ»","vol":"1","page":442},{"text":"١٢٨٤ - وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ الْعَلَاءِ مِنْ تَغْيِيرِ الشَّيْبِ، فَمَعْنَاهُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى لَا يَصْبُغُونَ فَخَالِفُوهُمْ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٢٨٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي آخِرِ سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"1","page":443},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-55>لَا وُضُوءَ مِمَّا يَطْعَمُ أَحَدٌ</span>","vol":"1","page":444},{"text":"١٢٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَكَلَ كَتِفَ شَاةٍ ثُمَّ صَلَّى وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"1","page":444},{"text":"١٢٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بَنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَكَلَ كَتِفَ شَاةٍ ثُمَّ صَلَّى وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ».\n\n١٢٨٨ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ⦗٤٤٥⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ","vol":"1","page":444},{"text":"١٢٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، مَوْلَى بَنِي حَارِثَةَ: أَنَّ سُوَيْدَ بْنَ النُّعْمَانِ أَخْبَرَهُ: «أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِالصَّهْبَاءِ، وَهِيَ أَدْنَى خَيْبَرَ، فَنَزَلَ لِلْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِالْأَزْوَادِ فَلَمْ يُؤْتَ إِلَّا بِالسَّوِيقِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَثُرِّيَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ».\n\n١٢٩٠ - قَالَ يَحْيَى: ثُرِّيَ: بُلَّ بِالْمَاءِ.\n\n١٢٩١ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَالْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":445},{"text":"١٢٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَابْنُ سَمْعَانَ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ ⦗٤٤٦⦘: \" ذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَمَعَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَقَرَّبَتْ لَهُ شَاةً مَصْلِيَّةً. قَالَ: فَأَكَلَ وَأَكَلْنَا. ثُمَّ حَانَتِ الظُّهْرُ فَتَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى فَضْلِ طَعَامِهِ فَأَكَلَ، ثُمَّ حَانَتِ الْعَصْرُ فَصَلَّى وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ \".\n\n١٢٩٣ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، مُخْتَصَرًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَمْ يَسْمَعِ ابْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ جَابِرٍ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ.\n\n١٢٩٤ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مُحْتَمَلٌ: وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ صَاحِبَيِ الصَّحِيحِ لَمْ يُخَرِّجَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ جِهَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مَعَ كَوْنِ إِسْنَادِهِ مِنْ شَرْطِهِمَا.\n\n١٢٩٥ - وَلِأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ جَابِرٍ.\n\n١٢٩٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَوَى عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. فَذَكَرُوا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١٢٩٧ - فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذِكْرُ السَّمَاعِ فِيهِ وَهْمًا مِنَ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، فَالْحَدِيثُ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ صَاحِبَيِ الصَّحِيحِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٢٩٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْوُضُوءُ مِمَّا مَسَّتِ النَّارُ». وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا: لَا يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهُ عِنْدَنَا مَنْسُوخٌ ⦗٤٤٧⦘.\n\n١٢٩٩ - أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَإِنَّمَا صَحِبَهُ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ يَرْوِي عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ رَآهُ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ كَتِفِ شَاةٍ ثُمَّ صَلَّى وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ.\n\n١٣٠٠ - وَهَذَا عِنْدَنَا مِنْ أَبْيَنِ الدَّلَالَاتِ عَلَى أَنَّ الْوُضُوءَ مِنْهُ مَنْسُوخٌ، وَأَنَّ أَمْرَهُ بِالْوُضُوءِ مِنْهُ بِالْغَسْلِ لِلتَّنْظِيفِ.\n\n١٣٠١ - وَالثَّابِتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ مِنْهُ.\n\n١٣٠٢ - ثُمَّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَأَبِي طَلْحَةَ، كُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ لَمْ يَتَوَضَّئُوا مِنْهُ.\n\n١٣٠٣ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، فَقَالَ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَدَلُّ الْأَحَادِيثِ عَلَى أَنَّ الْوُضُوءَ مِمَّا مَسَّتِ النَّارُ مَنْسُوخٌ.\n\n١٣٠٤ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ صُحْبَةَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُتَأَخِّرَةٌ، إِنَّمَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً.\n\n١٣٠٥ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ، أَوْ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً.\n\n١٣٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَنَا أَشُكُّ\n\n١٣٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ جَاءَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَقَدْ دَنَا مِنَ الِاحْتِلَامِ.\n\n١٣٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ قِيلَ فِي سِنِّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"1","page":445},{"text":"١٣٠٩ - وَفِيمَا حَدَّثَ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارِ قَالَ: قَالَ الْقَاضِي يَعْنِي: إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ: سَمِعْتُ مُصْعَبَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَلَا تَرَاهُ يَقُولُ: «وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ قَدْ نَاهَزْتُ الِاحْتِلَامَ؟» ⦗٤٤٨⦘.\n\n١٣١٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ. رَوَاهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَهُ غَيْرِ قَوِيٍّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٣١١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً»","vol":"1","page":447},{"text":"١٣١٢ - وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ: فَرَوَى عَنْهُ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ مَخْتُونٌ، وَقَدْ قَرَأْتُ الْمُحْكَمَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ».\n\n١٣١٣ - قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي بِشْرٍ: أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الْمُحْكَمُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ؟ قَالَ: الْمُفَصَّلُ.\n\n١٣١٤ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو بِشْرٍ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي وَحْشِيَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، وَهُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ","vol":"1","page":448},{"text":"١٣١٥ - وَخَالَفَهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، فَرَوَاهُ كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ مَخْتُونٌ»","vol":"1","page":448},{"text":"١٣١٦ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مِثْلُ مَنْ أَنْتَ يَوْمَ قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: «مَخْتُونٌ»، وَكَانُوا لَا يَخْتِنُونَ الرَّجُلَ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ.\n\n١٣١٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ.\n\n١٣١٨ - إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَهُ: وَكَانُوا لَا يَخْتِنُونَ الرَّجُلَ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ.\n\n١٣١٩ - وَنَحْنُ لَا نَدْرِي مَنْ قَالَهُ.\n\n١٣٢٠ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ أَنَّهُ جَاءَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَدْ دَنَا مِنَ الِاحْتِلَامِ، فَمَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٣٢١ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَأَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَهُوَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"1","page":449},{"text":"١٣٢٢ - وَهُوَ أَيْضًا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُرَيْجُ ⦗٤٥٠⦘ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا فليجُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْكُلُ عُضْوًا ثُمَّ صَلَّى وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ»\n\n١٣٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: كَانَ آخِرَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَرْكُ الْوُضُوءِ مِمَّا مَسَّتِ النَّارُ».\n\n١٣٢٤ - إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَرَى أَنَّ آخِرَ أَمْرَيْهِ أُرِيدَ بِهِ فِي الْقِصَّةِ الَّتِي رُوِّينَاهَا عَنْهُ. وَحَمَلُوا الْأَمْرَ بِالْوُضُوءِ مِنْهُ عَلَى الْغَسْلِ لِلتَّنْظِيفِ، وَرَجَّحُوا أَخْبَارَ تَرْكِ الْوُضُوءِ مِمَّا مَسَّتِ النَّارُ بِمَا رُوِيَ مِنِ اجْتِمَاعِ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ، وَأَعْلَامِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَلَى تَرْكِ الْوُضُوءِ مِنْهُ.\n\n١٣٢٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَاهُ عَنْ كُلِّ مَنْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ عَنْهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"1","page":449},{"text":"١٣٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الْقَارِي، يُمَارِي ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. وَقَالَ: فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٤٥١⦘: «أَنَتَوَضَّأُ مِنَ الدُّهْنِ؟ أَنَتَوَضَّأُ مِنَ الْحَمِيمِ؟ وَاللَّهُ مَا أَحَلَّتِ النَّارُ شَيْئًا وَلَا حَرَّمَتْهُ»\n\n١٣٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ الْبَهْرَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الطِّلَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ النَّارَ لَا تُحِلُّ شَيْئًا وَلَا تُحَرِّمُهُ»\n\n١٣٢٨ - وَهَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّارَ لَا تُطَهِّرُ السِّرْجِينَ إِذَا طُبِخَ مَا ضُرِبَ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٣٢٩ - وَحَكَى بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي بَعْضِ كُتُبِهِ: إِنْ صَحَّ الْحَدِيثُ فِي الْوُضُوءِ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْإِبِلِ قُلْتُ بِهِ.\n\n١٣٣٠ - وَقَدْ صَحَّ فِيهِ حَدِيثَانِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"1","page":450},{"text":"١٣٣١ - أَحَدُهُمَا حَدِيثُ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ.\n\n١٣٣٢ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَنَا عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَتَطَهَّرُ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ: «إِنْ شِئْتَ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَدَعْ» قَالَ: أَفَأُصَلِّي فِي مَرَابِضِ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: أَفَأَتَطَهَرُ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْإِبِلِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: أَفَأُصَلِّي فِي مَبَارِكِ الْإِبِلِ؟ قَالَ: «لَا» ⦗٤٥٢⦘\n\n١٣٣٣ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي كَامِلٍ الْجَحْدَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: أَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْإِبِلِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ». فَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْإِبِلِ.\n\n١٣٣٤ - ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ.\n\n١٣٣٥ - وَعَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ شَيْبَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، وَأَشْعَثَ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، كُلِّهِمْ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي كَامِلٍ\n\n١٣٣٦ - وَأَمَّا الْبُخَارِيُّ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يُخَرِّجْ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، وَأَشْعَثَ، لِاخْتِلَافٍ وَقَعَ فِي اسْمِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ ⦗٤٥٣⦘.\n\n١٣٣٧ - وَقَوْلُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ لِجَعْفَرٍ هَذَا: هُوَ مَجْهُولٌ.\n\n١٣٣٨ - وَهَذَا لَا يُعَلِّلُ الْحَدِيثَ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، وَزَكَرِيَّا بْنَ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ تَابَعَا زَائِدَةَ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ.\n\n١٣٣٩ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَوْرِ بْنِ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ،.\n\n١٣٤٠ - وَشُعْبَةُ أَخْطَأَ فِيهِ قَالَهُ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ قَالَ: وَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ رَجُلٌ مَشْهُورٌ، وَهُوَ مِنْ وَلَدِ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ. رَوَى عَنْهُ هَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةُ: سِمَاكٌ، وَابْنُ مَوْهَبٍ، وَأَشْعَثُ بْنُ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، وَمَنْ رَوَى عَنْهُ مِثْلُ هَؤُلَاءِ خَرَجَ عَنْ حَدِّ الْجَهَالَةِ","vol":"1","page":451},{"text":"١٣٤١ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ حَدِيثُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ.\n\n١٣٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ⦗٤٥٤⦘، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنِ الْوُضُوءِ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْإِبِلِ؟ فَقَالَ: «تَوَضَّئُوا مِنْهَا»، وَسُئِلُ عَنِ الْوُضُوءِ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ: «لَا تَوَضَّئُوا مِنْهَا»، أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ.\n\n١٣٤٣ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَقَامَ الْأَعْمَشُ إِسْنَادَهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الرَّازِيِّ.\n\n١٣٤٤ - وَأَفْسَدَهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ: فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لِيَلِيَ، عَنْ أُسَيْدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ،\n\n١٣٤٥ - وَأَفْسَدَهُ عُبَيْدَةُ الضَّبِّيُّ: فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لِيَلِيَ، عَنْ ذِي الْغُرَّةِ،\n\n١٣٤٦ - وَالْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ،\n\n١٣٤٧ - وَعُبَيْدَةُ الضَّبِّيُّ ضَعِيفَانِ ⦗٤٥٥⦘.\n\n١٣٤٨ - وَالصَّحِيحُ حَدِيثُ الْأَعْمَشِ قَالَهُ أَبُو عِيسَى، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ.\n\n١٣٤٩ - وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، يَقُولَانِ: قَدْ صَحَّ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ عَازِبٍ، وَحَدِيثُ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ","vol":"1","page":453},{"text":"١٣٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحُسَيْنِ الْكَرَابِيسِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَمْدُونَ الْأَعْمَشِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ الْأَفْطَسَ، يَقُولُ: «رَأَيْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْإِبِلِ»","vol":"1","page":455},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-56>لَا يَزُولُ الْيَقِينُ بِالشَّكِّ</span>","vol":"1","page":456},{"text":"١٣٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبَّادُ بْنُ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: شُكِيَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الرَّجُلُ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْءُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا يَنْفَتِلُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ صَوْتًا أَوْ يَجِدَ رِيحًا» ⦗٤٥٧⦘، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى","vol":"1","page":456},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-57>بَابُ مَا يُوجِبُ الْغُسْلَ</span>","vol":"1","page":458},{"text":"١٣٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى حَتَّى تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلُوا﴾ [النساء: ٤٣].\n\n١٣٥٣ - وَكَانَ مَعْرُوفًا فِي لِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ: أَنَّ الْجَنَابَةَ: الْجِمَاعُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَ الْجِمَاعِ مَاءٌ دَافِقٌ.\n\n١٣٥٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَدَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، أَوْ أَنْ يَرَى الْمَاءَ الدَّافِقَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ جِمَاعٌ، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ فِي وُجُوبِ الْغُسْلِ بِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ.\n\n١٣٥٥ - وَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، فَذَكَرَ الْمَنْسُوخَ وَالنَّاسِخَ جَمِيعًا","vol":"1","page":459},{"text":"١٣٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ ثِقَاتِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَامَعَ أَحَدُنَا فَأَكْسَلَ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «يَغْسِلُ مَا مَسَّ الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْهُ، وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، ثُمَّ لِيصَلِّ» ⦗٤٦٠⦘\n\n١٣٥٧ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مِنْ أَثْبَتِ إِسْنَادِ: «الْمَاءُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ».\n\n١٣٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ: فَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُمُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَحَمَّادٍ، وَأَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ.\n\n١٣٥٩ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٣٦٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَالزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، وَطَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ﵃، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، أَوْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ حِينَ عَلِمُوا نَسْخَهُ","vol":"1","page":459},{"text":"١٣٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ: أَنَّ مَحْمُودَ بْنَ لَبِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، سَأَلَ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ: عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُ أَهْلَهُ ثُمَّ يُكْسِلُ وَلَا يُنْزِلُ؟ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: «يَغْتَسِلُ» قَالَ لَهُ مَحْمُودُ بْنُ لَبِيدٍ: إِنَّ أُبَيَّ بْنَ ⦗٤٦١⦘ كَعْبٍ كَانَ لَا يَرَى الْغُسْلَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: «إِنَّ أُبَيًّا نَزَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ».\n\n١٣٦٢ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ","vol":"1","page":460},{"text":"١٣٦٣ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «لَيْسَ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُنْزِلْ غُسْلٌ». ثُمَّ نَزَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أُبَيٌّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ.\n\n١٣٦٤ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا بَدَأْتُ بِحَدِيثِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: «الْمَاءُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ» وَنُزُوعُهُ، إِنَّ فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ: «الْمَاءُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ» مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ خِلَافَهُ، فَقَالَ بِهِ. ثُمَّ لَا أَحْسَبُهُ تَرَكَهُ إِلَّا لِأَنَّهُ أُثْبِتَ لَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ بَعْدَهُ مَا نَسَخَهُ","vol":"1","page":461},{"text":"١٣٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ ⦗٤٦٢⦘، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَوَقَفَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ الْمَاءُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ»، شَيْئًا فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ تُرِكَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدُ، وَأُمِرُوا بِالْغُسْلِ إِذَا مَسَّ الْخِتَانُ الْخِتَانَ.\n\n١٣٦٦ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَاهُ مُخْتَصَرًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ،\n\n١٣٦٧ - وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ مَنْ أَرْضَى: أَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ،.\n\n١٣٦٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ مَوْصُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ،\n\n١٣٦٩ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الزُّهْرِيُّ أَخَذَهُ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلٍ،\n\n١٣٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى سَهْلٍ، وَالْحَدِيثُ مَحْفُوظٌ، عَنْ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"1","page":461},{"text":"١٣٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗٤٦٣⦘، أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ، أَتَى عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ: لَقَدْ شَقَّ عَلَيَّ اخْتِلَافُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي أَمْرٍ إِنِّي لَأُعْظِمُ أَنْ أَسْتَقْبِلَكِ بِهِ. فَقَالَتْ: «مَا هُوَ؟ مَا كُنْتَ سَائِلًا عَنْهُ أُمَّكَ، فَسَلْنِي عَنْهُ». فَقَالَ لَهَا: الرَّجُلُ يُصِيبُ أَهْلَهُ ثُمَّ يُكْسِلُ وَلَا يُنْزِلُ؟ قَالَتْ:  «إِذَا جَاوَزَ الْخِتَانُ الْخِتَانَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ». فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: لَا أَسْأَلُ عَنْ هَذَا بَعْدَكِ أَبَدًا\n\n١٣٧٢ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ. وَقَدْ أَرْدَفَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀، بِمَا:","vol":"1","page":462},{"text":"١٣٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ، سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ: عَنِ الْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا التَّقِي الْخِتَانَانِ، أَوْ مَسَّ الْخِتَانُ الْخِتَانَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ»","vol":"1","page":463},{"text":"١٣٧٣ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٤٦٤⦘: «إِذَا قَعَدَ بَيْنَ الشُّعَبِ الَأَرْبَعِ، ثُمَّ أَلْزَقَ الْخِتَانَ بِالْخِتَانِ، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ»","vol":"1","page":463},{"text":"١٣٧٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَوْ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «إِذَا الْتَقَى الْخِتَانَانِ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ، فَعَلْتُهُ أَنَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاغْتَسَلْنَا».\n\n١٣٧٥ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِالشَّكِّ، وَرَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَقَالَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ: وَهُوَ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيِّ: أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِلَا شَكٍّ.\n\n١٣٧٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْهُ ⦗٤٦٥⦘.\n\n١٣٧٧ - وَرَوَاهُ حَرْمَلَةُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،\n\n١٣٧٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، وَالْوَلِيدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، بِلَا شَكٍّ.\n\n١٣٧٩ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ جِهَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَرْفُوعٌ.\n\n١٣٨٠ - إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ كَلَّمَ الشَّافِعِيَّ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ عَارَضَهُ بِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ لَيْسَ مِمَّا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ، وَهُوَ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ الْحُجَّةُ، فَعَارَضَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِرُجُوعِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: «الْمَاءُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ»\n\n١٣٨١ - وَهُوَ يُشْبِهِ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ رَجَعَ إِلَّا بِخَبَرٍ يَثْبُتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٣٨٢ - وَالْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا قَالَا جَمِيعًا.\n\n١٣٨٣ - إِلَّا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا مِنْ جِهَةِ طَعْنِ الْحُفَّاظِ فِي حِفْظِهِ مِنَ اخْتِلَاطِهِ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ، فَحَدِيثُهُ هَذَا ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"1","page":464},{"text":"١٣٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، ح.\n\n١٣٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ ⦗٤٦٦⦘، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، أَنَّهُمْ ذَكَرُوا مَا يُوجِبُ الْغُسْلَ، فَقَامَ أَبُو مُوسَى إِلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا يُوجِبُ الْغُسْلَ؟ فَقَالَتْ عَلَى الْخَبِيرِ سَقَطْتَ قَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا جَلَسَ بَيْنَ شُعَبِهَا الْأَرْبَعِ، وَمَسَّ الْخِتَانُ الْخِتَانَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَعَنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى. أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٣٨٦ - وَهُوَ بِتَمَامِهِ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"1","page":465},{"text":"١٣٨٧ - وَالْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ أَيْضًا مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، وَهِشَامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا قَعَدَ بَيْنَ شُعَبِهَا الْأَرْبَعِ، ثُمَّ اجْتَهَدَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ».\n١٣٨٨ - قَالَ: وَزَادَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «أَنْزَلَ أَوْ لَمْ يَنْزِلْ» ⦗٤٦٧⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَهِشَامٍ.\n\n١٣٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ الزِّيَادَةَ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ.\n\n١٣٩٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ،\n\n١٣٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ مَطَرٌ الْوَرَّاقُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «وَإِنْ لَمْ يُنْزِلْ». وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ.\n\n١٣٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَثنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَمَطَرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَذَكَرَ زِيَادَةَ مَطَرٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ أَجْهَدَهَا»","vol":"1","page":466},{"text":"١٣٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ،\n\n١٣٩٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ:  «إِذَا مَسَّ الْخِتَانُ الْخِتَانَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ».\n\n١٣٩٥ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ⦗٤٦٨⦘\n\n١٣٩٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا أَوْجَبَ الْحَدَّ أَوْجَبَ الْغُسْلَ»\n\n١٣٩٧ - وَعَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «إِذَا جَاوَزَ الْخِتَانُ الْخِتَانَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ»","vol":"1","page":467},{"text":"١٣٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حِكَايَةً وَبَلَاغًا، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْمَاءُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ».\n\n١٣٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا الْقَوْلُ كَانَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ\n\n١٤٠٠ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ\n\n١٤٠١ - فَكَأَنَّهُ رَجَعَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ الْأَوَّلِ، كَمَا رَجَعَ عُثْمَانُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"1","page":468},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-58>بَابُ احْتِلَامِ الْمَرْأَةِ</span>","vol":"1","page":469},{"text":"١٤٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ امْرَأَةُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ، هَلْ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ غُسْلٍ إِذَا احْتَلَمَتْ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، إِذَا رَأَتِ الْمَاءَ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ","vol":"1","page":469},{"text":"١٤٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ بِنْتَ مِلْحَانَ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الْمَرْأَةُ تَرَى فِي الْمَنَامِ مِثْلَ مَا يَرَى الرَّجُلُ أَتَغْتَسِلُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ، فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ»، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ: أُفٍّ لَكِ، وَهَلْ تَرَى ذَلِكَ الْمَرْأَةُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَرِبَتْ يَمِينُكِ، مِنْ أَيْنَ يَكُونُ الشَّبَهُ؟».\n\n١٤٠٤ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، هَكَذَا، مُرْسَلًا.\n\n١٤٠٥ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الْوَزِيرِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَأَسْنَدَهُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n١٤٠٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَقِيلٌ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَالزُّبَيْدِيُّ، وَابْنُ أَخِي الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n١٤٠٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُسَافِعٌ الْحَجَبِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"1","page":470},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-59>بَابُ الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ فِي ثَوْبِهِ مَاءً دَافِقًا</span>","vol":"1","page":471},{"text":"١٤٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زُبَيْدِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى الْجُرُفِ، فَنَظَرَ فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدِ احْتَلَمَ وَصَلَّى وَلَمْ يَغْتَسِلْ، فَقَالَ: \" مَا أَرَانِي إِلَّا قَدِ احْتَلَمْتُ وَمَا شَعَرْتُ؟ وَصَلَّيْتُ وَمَا اغْتَسَلْتُ؟ قَالَ: فَاغْتَسَلَ وَغَسَلَ مَا رَأَى فِي ثَوْبِهِ، وَنَضَحَ مَا لَمْ يَرَ، وَأَذَّنَ فَأَقَامَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بَعْدَ ارْتِفَاعِ الضُّحَى مُتَمَكِّنًا","vol":"1","page":471},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-60>بَابُ: إِذَا وَجَدَ الْمَذْيَ دُونَ الْمَنِيِّ لَمْ يَجِبْ بِهِ غُسْلٌ</span>\n١٤٠٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِحَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ حَيْثُ أَمَرَ الْمِقْدَادَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ: أَنْ يَسْأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، عَنِ الْمَذْيِ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا وَجَدَ ذَلِكَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَنْضَحْ فَرْجَهُ، وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ». وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي بَابِ مَا يُوجِبِ الْوُضُوءَ","vol":"1","page":472},{"text":"١٤١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ:  «إِنِّي لَأَجِدُهُ يَنْحَدِرُ مِنِّي مِثْلُ الْخُرَيْزَةِ. فَإِذَا وَجَدَ ذَلِكَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَغْسِلْ ذَكَرَهُ وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ»","vol":"1","page":472},{"text":"١٤١١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَالَ: «فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ»، يَعْنِي: الْمَذْيَ ⦗٤٧٣⦘.\n\n١٤١٢ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ حَدِيثَ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْمَذْيِ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ. مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ","vol":"1","page":472},{"text":"١٤١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا، وَهُوَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ الْكُوفَةِ، يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ رَجُلًا مَذَّاءً، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ مِنْهُ لِأَنَّ ابْنَتَهُ كَانَتْ عِنْدِي، فَأَمَرْتُ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ أَنْ يَسْأَلَهُ، فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: «يَكْفِي مِنْهُ الْوُضُوءُ».\n\n١٤١٤ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَأَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ يَقُولُونَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: أَمَرْتُ الْمِقْدَادَ.\n\n١٤١٥ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ الْمِقْدَادِ أَصَحُّ، وَهُوَ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ⦗٤٧٤⦘.\n\n١٤١٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ: «يَغْسِلُ ذَكَرَهُ وَيَتَوَضَّأُ».\n\n١٤١٧ - وَقَوْلُهُ يَكْفِي مِنْهُ الْوُضُوءُ يُرِيدُ نَفْيَ وُجُوبِ الْغُسْلِ، فَلَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى نَفْيِ وُجُوبِ الِاسْتِنْجَاءِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ بِعَيْنِهَا أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ فِيهَا بِغَسْلِ الذَّكَرِ وَالْوُضُوءِ جَمِيعًا","vol":"1","page":473},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-61>بَابُ الْكَافِرِ يُسْلِمُ</span>","vol":"1","page":475},{"text":"١٤١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا أَسْلَمَ الْمُشْرِكُ أَحْبَبْتُ لَهُ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ وَيَحْلِقَ شَعْرَهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جُنُبًا أَجْزَأَهُ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ وَيُصَلِّيَ»","vol":"1","page":475},{"text":"١٤١٩ - قُلْتُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ابْنَيْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ ثُمَامَةَ الْحَنَفِيَّ، أُسِرَ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. قَالَ: «فَمَرَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمًا فَأَسْلَمَ، فَحَلَّهُ، وَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى حَائِطِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ»","vol":"1","page":475},{"text":"١٤٢٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عُثَيْمِ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: «أَلْقِ عَنْكَ شَعْرَ الْكُفْرِ»، يَقُولُ: احْلِقْ","vol":"1","page":476},{"text":"١٤٢١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١٤٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْمُجَوِّزُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ خَلِيفَةَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ: أَنَّهُ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَسْلَمَ.\n\n١٤٢٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ:  «لِيُسْلِمَ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ»","vol":"1","page":476},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-62>بَابُ غُسْلِ الْجَنَابَةِ</span>","vol":"1","page":477},{"text":"١٤٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي غُسْلِ الْجَنَابَةِ، كَمَا حَكَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂.\n\n١٤٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا اغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ بَدَأَ فَغَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ كَمَا يَتَوَضَّأُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ يُدْخِلُ أَصَابِعَهُ فِي الْمَاءِ فَيُخَلِّلُ بِهَا أُصُولَ شَعْرِهِ، ثُمَّ يَصُبُّ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ثَلَاثَ غَرَفَاتٍ بِيَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَفِيضُ الْمَاءَ عَلَى جِلْدِهِ كُلِّهِ» ⦗٤٧٨⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"1","page":477},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-63>بَابُ الْمَرْأَةِ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا نَقْضُ ضَفْرِهَا</span>","vol":"1","page":479},{"text":"١٤٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ ⦗٤٨٠⦘ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي امْرَأَةٌ أَشُدُّ ضَفْرَ رَأْسِي، فَأَنْقُضُهُ لِغُسْلِ الْجَنَابَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، إِنَّمَا يَكْفِيكِ أَنْ تَحْثِي عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ ثُمَّ تُفِيضِينَ عَلَيْكِ الْمَاءَ فَتَطْهُرِينَ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «فَإِذَا أَنْتِ قَدْ طَهُرْتِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"1","page":479},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-64>إِيصَالُ الْمَاءِ إِلَى أُصُولِ الشَّعَرِ، وَالتَّكْرَارُ فِي الْغُسْلِ</span>","vol":"1","page":481},{"text":"١٤٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ بَدَأَ فَغَسَلَ يَدَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهَا الْإِنَاءَ. ثُمَّ يَغْسِلُ فَرْجَهُ، ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ يُشْرِبُ شَعْرَهُ الْمَاءَ. ثُمَّ يَحْثِي عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ","vol":"1","page":481},{"text":"١٤٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ ⦗٤٨٢⦘ جَعْفَرٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَغْرِفُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ثَلَاثًا وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ\n\n١٤٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا الرِّجْلَيْنِ. وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ عَلَى جُمْلَةِ الْحَدِيثِ، لِأَنَّ الْغُسْلَ قَدْ يَأْتِي عَلَى الْوَجْهِ وَالْيَدَيْنِ وَهُوَ يَغْسِلُهُمَا","vol":"1","page":481},{"text":"١٤٣٠ - وَرُوِيَ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، فَغَسَلَ فَرْجَهُ بِيَدِهِ، ثُمَّ دَلَّكَ بِهَا الْحَائِطَ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَهَا، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ غُسْلِهِ غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ».\n\n١٤٣١ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ\n\n١٤٣٢ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ غَيْرَ قَدَمَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَفَاضَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءَ ثُمَّ نَحَّى قَدَمَيْهِ فَغَسَلَهُمَا»","vol":"1","page":482},{"text":"١٤٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَتْ: «سَتَرْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، فَبَدَأَ فَغَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ صَبَّ بِيَمِينِهِ عَلَى شِمَالِهِ، فَغَسَلَ فَرْجَهُ وَمَا أَصَابَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى الْحَائِطِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ». وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ. وَبِمَعْنَاهُ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، وَزَائِدَةُ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ\n\n١٤٣٤ - وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «تَحْتَ كُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ جَنَابَةٌ فُبُلُّوا الشَّعْرَ وَأَنْقُوا الْبَشَرَةَ»\n\n١٤٣٥ - فَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَلَى مَا ظَهْرَ دُونَ مَا بَطَنَ مِنْ دَاخِلِ الْأَنْفِ وَالْفَمِ، وَضَعَّفَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي حِكَايَةِ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْهُ. وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ","vol":"1","page":483},{"text":"وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ:\n١٤٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِثُ بْنُ وَجِيهٍ ⦗٤٨٤⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ تَحْتَ كُلِّ شَعَرَةٍ جَنَابَةٌ، فَاغْسِلُوا الشَّعَرَ، وَأَنْقُوا الْبَشَرَةَ».\n\n١٤٣٧ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ضَعِيفٌ. وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: الْحَارِثُ حَدِيثُهُ مُنْكَرٌ.\n\n١٤٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَكَيْنَا عَنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَهُ.\n\n١٤٣٩ - وَعَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ وَجِيهٍ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ حَدِيثُهُ بِشَيْءٍ\n\n١٤٤٠ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى هَذَا الْمَتْنُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَوْقُوفًا، وَلَا يَثْبُتُ سَمَاعُ الْحَسَنِ، مِنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"1","page":483},{"text":"١٤٤١ - وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ يُقَالُ: وَإِنَّمَا يَرْوِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ:  «سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الِاسْتِنْشَاقَ فِي الْجَنَابَةِ ثَلَاثًا»\n\n١٤٤٢ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الثِّقَاتُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنِ ⦗٤٨٥⦘ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، مُرْسَلًا، بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ","vol":"1","page":484},{"text":"١٤٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ بَرَكَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَلَبِيُّ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِيهِ، وَغَيَّرَ لَفْظَهُ، فَقَالَ:  «جَعَلَ الْمَضْمَضَةَ وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقَ لِلْجُنُبِ ثَلَاثًا فَرِيضَةً»\n\n١٤٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُونُسَ السِّمْنَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَرَكَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، فَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: قَالَ بَرَكَةُ: وَأَنَا أَتَّقِيهِ.\n\n١٤٤٥ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: فَاعْتَرَفَ بَرَكَةُ بِكَوْنِهِ مُنْكَرًا، وَلِذَلِكَ كَانَ يَتَّقِيهِ.\n\n١٤٤٦ - وَيُشْبِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ غَلَطَ فِيهِ.\n\n١٤٤٧ - وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: هَذَا بَاطِلٌ، وَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْ بِهِ غَيْرُ بَرَكَةَ هَذَا وَهُوَ يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ،\n\n١٤٤٨ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ","vol":"1","page":485},{"text":"١٤٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: أَخَذْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِالْأَثَرِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، يُرِيدُ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٤٨٦⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ عَجْرَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «لَا يُعِيدُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ جُنُبًا». يَعْنِي إِذَا نَسِيَ الْمَضْمَضَةَ وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقَ. .\n\n١٤٥٠ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَيْسَ لِعَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ عَجْرَدٍ إِلَّا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١٤٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَثَرُهُ الَّذِي يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَيْهِ: عُثْمَانُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ عَجْرَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٤٥٢ - وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَثَرَ ثَابِتٌ يُتْرَكُ لَهُ الْقِيَاسُ وَهُوَ يَعِيبُ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ نَأْخُذَ بِحَدِيثِ بُسْرَةَ بِنْتِ صَفْوَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٤٥٣ - وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، وَعَائِشَةُ غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفَيْنِ بِبَلَدِهِمَا، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدٍ يَعْلَمُ أَنْ يُثْبِتَ ضَعِيفًا مَجْهُولًا، وَيُوَهِّنَ قَوِيًّا مَعْرُوفًا؟","vol":"1","page":485},{"text":"١٤٥٤ - أخبرنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا اغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ نَضَحَ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ الْمَاءَ».\n\n١٤٥٥ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَمَلُ.\n\n١٤٥٦ - وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا خَالَفَ مَالِكٌ بَعْضَ الصَّحَابَةِ لِخَبَرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ وَلَا يَقْبَلُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ مِثْلَهُ ⦗٤٨٧⦘.\n\n١٤٥٧ - وَحَمَلَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ، لِأَنَّهُمَا لَيْسَتَا ظَاهِرَتَيْنِ مِنْ بَدَنِهِ","vol":"1","page":486},{"text":"١٤٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، يَقُولُ:  «إِذَا غَسَلَ الْجُنُبُ رَأْسَهُ بِالْخَطْمِيِّ فَلَا يُعِيدُ لَهُ غُسْلًا»\n\n١٤٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا.\n\n١٤٦٠ - يُرِيدُ بَعْضَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ. وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا خَالَفُوا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بِخَبَرٍ آخَرَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ. وَلَا يَقْبَلُونَ مِنَّا أَمْثَالَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"1","page":487},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-65>غُسْلُ الْحَائِضِ</span>","vol":"1","page":488},{"text":"١٤٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٤٨٩⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَجَبِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْغُسْلِ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ. فَقَالَ: «خُذِي فِرْصَةً مِنْ مِسْكٍ فَتَطَهَّرِي بِهَا». فَقَالَتْ: كَيْفَ أَتَطَهَّرُ بِهَا؟ قَالَ: «تَطَهَّرِي بِهَا». قَالَتْ: كَيْفَ أَتَطَهَّرُ بِهَا؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ»، وَاسْتَتَرَ بِثَوْبِهِ، «تَطَهَّرِي بِهَا». فَاجْتَذَبْتُهَا وَعَرَفْتُ الَّذِي أَرَادَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: تَتَبَّعِي بِهَا آثَارَ الدَّمِ، يَعْنِي: الْفَرْجَ.\n١٤٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَالِيًا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"1","page":488},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-66>عَرَقُ الْجُنُبِ وَالْحَائِضِ</span>","vol":"1","page":490},{"text":"١٤٦٣ - اسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْحَائِضَ أَنْ تَغْسِلَ دَمَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ ثَوْبِهَا، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهَا بِغَسْلِ الثَّوْبِ كُلِّهِ.\n\n١٤٦٤ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَعْرَقَانِ فِي الثِّيَابِ وَهُمَا جُنُبَانِ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّيَانِ فِيهَا، وَلَا يَغْسِلَانِهَا». وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِمَا.\n\n١٤٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٤٦٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ غَسْلِ دَمِ الْمَحِيضِ مِنَ الثَّوْبِ فَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ","vol":"1","page":490},{"text":"١٤٦٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: حَدَّثَكَ مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ عُلَيٍّ، وَالْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، مُولَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «لَا بَأْسَ بِعَرَقِ الْجُنُبِ وَالْحَائِضِ فِي الثَّوْبِ»","vol":"1","page":490},{"text":"١٤٦٨ - قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا، يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ: «كَانَ يَعْرَقُ فِي الثَّوْبِ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ»\n\n١٤٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّهُ لَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يُجَالِسَهُ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، فَذَهَبَ وَاغْتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٤٩١⦘ فَقَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَنْجُسُ»\n\n١٤٧٠ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «الْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَنْجُسُ»\n\n١٤٧١ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا: «نَاوِلِينِي الْخُمْرَةَ»، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي حَائِضٌ. قَالَ: «إِنَّ حَيْضَتَكِ لَيْسَتْ فِي يَدِكِ»","vol":"1","page":490},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-67>بَابُ فَضْلِ الْجُنُبِ وَغَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"1","page":492},{"text":"١٤٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنَ الْقَدَحِ، وَهُوَ الْفَرَقُ، وَكُنْتُ أَغْتَسِلُ أَنَا وَهُوَ مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"1","page":492},{"text":"١٤٧٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ الرِّجَالَ وَالنِّسَاءَ كَانُوا يَتَوَضَّئُونَ فِي زَمَانَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جَمِيعًا» ⦗٤٩٣⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":492},{"text":"١٤٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ اغْتَسَلَ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ.\n\n١٤٧٥ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ: عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"1","page":493},{"text":"١٤٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ: «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَغْتَسِلُ هِيَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ مَيْمُونَةَ فِيهِ ⦗٤٩٤⦘،\n\n١٤٧٧ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ يَقُولُهَا فِيهِ أَخِيرًا","vol":"1","page":493},{"text":"١٤٧٨ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: أَكْثَرُ عِلْمِي وَالَّذِي يَخْطُرُ عَلَى بَالِي أَنَّ أَبَا الشَّعْثَاءِ أَخْبَرَنِي، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَخْبَرَهُ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ بِفَضْلِ مَيْمُونَةَ»\n\n١٤٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي. فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ","vol":"1","page":494},{"text":"١٤٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذَةَ الْعَدَوِيَّةِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: \" كُنْتُ أَغْتَسِلُ أَنَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَرُبَّمَا قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَبْقِ لِي، أَبْقِ لِي \". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ.\n\n١٤٨١ - وَزَادَ فِيهِ: قَالَتْ: وَهُمَا جُنُبَانِ","vol":"1","page":494},{"text":"١٤٨٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَرَوَى سَالِمٌ أَبُو النَّضْرِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ أَغْتَسِلُ أَنَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ»","vol":"1","page":495},{"text":"١٤٨٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ بَالَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَفْلَحُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ أَغْتَسِلُ أَنَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ تَخْتَلِفُ أَيْدِينَا فِيهِ، مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ.\n\n١٤٨٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، وَقَالَهُ أَيْضًا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n١٤٨٥ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَالْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n١٤٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ","vol":"1","page":495},{"text":"١٤٨٧ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، ح.\n\n١٤٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ أُرَجِّلُ رَأْسَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":496},{"text":"١٤٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الشِّيرَازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُعْتَكِفًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَأَخْرَجَ إِلَيَّ رَأْسَهُ فَغَسَلْتُهُ وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ»،\n\n١٤٩٠ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ⦗٤٩٧⦘\n\n١٤٩١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي حَاجِبٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ الرَّجُلُ بِفَضْلِ وُضُوءِ الْمَرْأَةِ»،\n\n١٤٩٢ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي حَاجِبٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْغِفَارِيِّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ الرَّجُلُ بِفَضْلِ وُضُوءِ الْمَرْأَةِ، إِنْ كَانَ صَحِيحًا، فَمَنْسُوخٌ بِإِجْمَاعِ الْحُجَّةِ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ.\n\n١٤٩٣ - وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَرْجِسٍ مَرْفُوعٌ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٤٩٤ - فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ الْبُخَارِيَّ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ بِصَحِيحٍ، وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَرْجِسٍ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ الصَّحِيحِ هُوَ مَوْقُوفٌ، وَمَنْ رَفَعَهُ فَهُوَ خَطَأٌ.\n\n١٤٩٥ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ الْحَكَمِ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَيْضًا غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ.\n\n١٤٩٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَوْدِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي النَّهْيِ ⦗٤٩٨⦘ عَنِ اغْتِسَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ بِفَضْلِ الرَّجُلِ وَاغْتِسَالِ الرَّجُلِ بِفَضْلِ الْمَرْأَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٤٩٧ - وَدَاوُدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n١٤٩٨ - وَالْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي الرُّخْصَةِ أَصَحُّ. فَالْمَصِيرُ إِلَيْهَا أَوْلَى. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"1","page":496},{"text":"١٤٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ الرَّجُلُ بِفَضْلِ الْمَرْأَةِ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ حَائِضًا أَوْ جُنُبًا»\n\n١٥٠٠ - وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُغْتَسَلَ بِفَضْلِ الْحَائِضِ وَالْجُنُبِ\n\n١٥٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّمَا تَرَكَهُ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ وَعَائِشَةُ، يَعْنِي: مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَإِذَا اغْتَسَلَا مَعًا فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يَغْتَسِلُ بِفَضْلِ صَاحِبِهِ","vol":"1","page":499},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-68>قَدْرُ الْمَاءِ الَّذِي يُتَوَضَّأُ بِهِ</span>","vol":"1","page":500},{"text":"١٥٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَحَانَتْ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ، وَالْتَمَسَ النَّاسُ الْوَضُوءَ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ، فَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِوَضُوءٍ فَوَضَعَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْإِنَاءِ: يَدَهُ، وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّئُوا مِنْهُ قَالَ: فَرَأَيْتُ الْمَاءَ يَنْبُعُ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَصَابِعِهِ، فَتَوَضَّأَ النَّاسُ، حَتَّى تَوَضَّئُوا مِنْ عِنْدِ آخِرِهِمْ \". أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٥٠٣ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ وَبَعْضُ نِسَائِهِ مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَأَكْثَرُ مَا حَكَتْ غُسْلَهُ وَغُسْلَهَا فَرَقٌ، وَالْفَرَقُ ثَلَاثَةُ آصُعٍ\n\n١٥٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا تَفْسِيرَ الْفَرَقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، مِثْلُ هَذَا","vol":"1","page":500},{"text":"١٥٠٥ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، وَسُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْ إِنَاءٍ هُوَ الْفَرَقُ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٥٠٦ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ أَغْتَسِلُ أَنَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ فِيهِ قَدْرُ الْفَرَقِ»\n\n١٥٠٧ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَعَلَى مِثْلِهِ تَدُلُّ رِوَايَةُ اللَّيْثِ، وَابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ.\n\n١٥٠٨ - وَوَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ اخْتِصَارٌ بِتَرْكِ غُسْلِهِمَا مَعَهُ\n\n١٥٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: «وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ بِالْمُدِّ، وَاغْتَسَلَ بِالصَّاعِ»","vol":"1","page":501},{"text":"١٥١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِخْتَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جَبْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَغْتَسِلُ بِالصَّاعِ إِلَى خَمْسَةِ أَمْدَادٍ، وَكَانَ يَتَوَضَّأَ بِالْمُدِّ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ ⦗٥٠٢⦘. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ.\n\n١٥١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا وَقْتَ فِيهِ إِلَّا كَمَالُهُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"1","page":501},{"text":"١٥١٢ - مَعَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْجُنُبِ: «فَإِذَا وَجَدْتَ الْمَاءَ فَأَمِسَّهُ جِلْدَكَ». بِغَيْرِ تَوْقِيتٍ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ.\n\n١٥١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٥١٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ عُمَارَةَ\n\n١٥١٥ - وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَعَا بِوَضُوءٍ، فَأُتِيَ بِثُلُثَيْ مُدٍّ فَتَوَضَّأَ وَجَعَلَ يُدَلِّكُ ذِرَاعَيْهِ»","vol":"1","page":502},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-69>الْجُنُبُ يُرِيدُ النَّوْمَ</span>","vol":"1","page":503},{"text":"١٥١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ تُصِيبُهُ جَنَابَةٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَوَضَّأْ واغْسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ، ثُمَّ نَمْ»","vol":"1","page":503},{"text":"١٥١٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ:  «إِذَا أَصَابَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَرْأَةَ ثُمَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ فَلَا يَنَامُ حَتَّى يَتَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ»\n\n١٥١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثَيْنِ جَمِيعًا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُمَا جَمِيعًا.\n\n١٥١٩ - قَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"1","page":504},{"text":"١٥٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنَامَ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ».\n\n١٥٢١ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n١٥٢٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَنَامُ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ وَلَا يَمَسُّ مَاءً» ⦗٥٠٥⦘\n\n١٥٢٣ - فَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ. فَرَوَاهُ عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ جُنُبًا، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَنَامَ أَوْ يَأْكُلَ، تَوَضَّأَ».\n\n١٥٢٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي النَّوْمِ.\n\n١٥٢٥ - وَحَمَلَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ سُرَيْجٍ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَمَسُّ مَاءً لِلْغُسْلِ.\n\n١٥٢٦ - وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ عَنِ الْأُسْتَاذِ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ سُرَيْجٍ ﵀","vol":"1","page":504},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-70>بَابُ التَّيَمُّمِ</span>","vol":"2","page":5},{"text":"١٥٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٦]\n⦗٦⦘\n\n١٥٢٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَيَمَّمَ فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ وَذِرَاعَيْهِ»\n\n١٥٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَعْقُولٌ إِذَا كَانَ التَّيَمُّمُ بَدَلًا مِنَ الْوُضُوءِ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ وَالْيَدَيْنِ، أَنْ يُؤْتَى بِالتَّيَمُّمِ عَلَى مَا يُؤْتَى بِالْوُضُوءِ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا. وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذْ ذَكَرَهُمَا فَقَدْ عَفَا فِي التَّيَمُّمِ عَمَّا سِوَاهُمَا مِنْ أَعْضَاءِ الْوُضُوءِ وَالْغُسْلِ","vol":"2","page":5},{"text":"١٥٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ قَالَ: «مَرَرْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ يَبُولُ، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ حَتَّى قَامَ إِلَى جِدَارٍ فَحَتَّهُ بِعَصًا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الْجِدَارِ فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ، وَذِرَاعَيْهِ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ عَلَيَّ»\n\n١٥٣١ - اخْتَصَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، مَتْنَهُ فِي بَابِ التَّيَمُّمِ، وَسَاقَهُ فِي بَابِ ذِكْرِ ⦗٧⦘ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ.\n\n١٥٣٢ - وَوَقَعَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ اخْتِصَارٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَوْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْأَعْرَجَ وَهُوَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ هُرْمُزٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ، وَإِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ عُمَيْرٍ: مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ","vol":"2","page":6},{"text":"١٥٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَيْرًا، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: أَقْبَلْتُ أَنَا وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، مَوْلَى مَيْمُونَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي جُهَيْمِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الصِّمَّةِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، فَقَالَ أَبُو جُهَيْمٍ: «أَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنْ نَحْوِ بِئْرِ جَمَلٍ فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْجِدَارِ فَمَسَحَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَيَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ ﵇» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ هَكَذَا\n\n١٥٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو صَالِحٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَمَسَحَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَذِرَاعَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَدَّ ﵇ ⦗٨⦘،\n\n١٥٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٣٦ - وَهَذَا يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ فِي ذِكْرِ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ، وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"2","page":7},{"text":"١٥٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْبَاغَنْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نَافِعٌ قَالَ: انْطَلَقْتُ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فِي حَاجَةٍ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَلَمَّا أَنْ قَضَى، حَاجَتَهُ كَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَالَ: مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي سِكَّةٍ مِنْ سِكَكِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنْ غَائِطٍ أَوْ بَوْلٍ، إِذْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ السَّلَامَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، ضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى الْحَائِطِ فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ مَسْحًا، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً أُخْرَى، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ كَفَّهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَمْنَعْنِي أَنْ أَرُدَّ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا أَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ عَلَى طَهَارَةٍ»،\n\n١٥٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمَوْصِلِيُّ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ،. فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَتَّى إِذَا ⦗٩⦘ كَادَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْ يَتَوَارَى فِي السِّكَّةِ ضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى الْحَائِطِ، وَمَسَحَ بِهِمَا وَجْهَهُ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ ضَرْبَةً أُخْرَى فَمَسَحَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ.\n\n١٥٣٩ - هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي «كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ»\n\n١٥٤٠ - وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ الْأَئِمَّةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، مِنْهُمْ: يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَمُعَلَّى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ وَغَيْرُهُمْ،\n\n١٥٤١ - وَقَالَ: مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: فِي رِوَايَةِ مُوسَى بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ عَنْهُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ، وَكَانَ صَدُوقًا.\n\n١٥٤٢ - وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ لَمْ يَرَ بِهِ بَأْسًا فِي رِوَايَةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيِّ عَنْهُ،\n\n١٥٤٣ - وَأَنْكَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، رَفْعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١٥٤٤ - وَرَفْعُهُ غَيْرُ مُنْكَرٍ، فَقَدْ رَوَى الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: قِصَّةَ السَّلَامِ مَرْفُوعَةً، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ: قَصَرَ بِهَا فَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ التَّيَمُّمَ،\n\n١٥٤٥ - وَرَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ السَّلَامِ، وَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ التَّيَمُّمِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ،\n\n١٥٤٦ - كَمَا رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ.\n\n١٥٤٧ - وَإِنَّمَا يَنْفَرِدُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِذِكْرِ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ فِيهِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ ⦗١٠⦘،\n\n١٥٤٨ - وَتَيَمَّمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ وَالذِّرَاعَيْنِ وَفَتْوَاهُ بِذَلِكَ تُؤَكِّدُ رِوَايَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَتَشْهَدُ لَهُ بِالصِّحَّةِ،\n\n١٥٤٩ - فَقَدْ صَارَ بِهِذِهِ الشَّوَاهِدِ مَعْلُومًا أَنَّهُ رَوَى قِصَّةَ السَّلَامِ وَالتَّيَمُّمِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ لَا يُخَالِفُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِيمَا يَرْوِي عَنْهُ، فَتَيَمُّمُهُ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ وَالذِّرَاعَيْنِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ حَفِظَهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ حَفِظَهُ مِنْ نَافِعٍ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ -","vol":"2","page":8},{"text":"١٥٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أخبرنا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ: أَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ مِنَ الْجُرْفِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالْمِرْبَدِ نَزَلَ فَتَيَمَّمَ صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَمَسَحَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَيَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى","vol":"2","page":10},{"text":"١٥٥١ - وَفِيمَا رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: التَّيَمُّمُ ضَرْبَةٌ لِلْوَجْهِ، وَضَرْبَةٌ لِلْيَدَيْنِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ","vol":"2","page":10},{"text":"١٥٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ أَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ ⦗١١⦘ بْنِ عُمَرَ مِنَ الْجُرْفِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِالْمِرْبَدِ نَزَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فَتَيَمَّمَ صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَمَسَحَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَيَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى","vol":"2","page":10},{"text":"١٥٥٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَتَيَمَّمُ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ","vol":"2","page":11},{"text":"١٥٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: التَّيَمُّمُ ضَرْبَتَانِ: ضَرْبَةٌ لِلْوَجْهِ، وَضَرْبَةٌ لِلْكَفَّيْنِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ،\n\n١٥٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَيُونُسُ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٥٥٦ - وَرَوَيْنَاهُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ","vol":"2","page":11},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-71>بَابُ الِاخْتِلَافِ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ التَّيَمُّمِ</span>","vol":"2","page":12},{"text":"١٥٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ التَّيَمُّمِ فِي غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ: انْحَلَّ عِقْدٌ لِعَائِشَةَ، فَأَقَامَ النَّاسُ عَلَى الْتِمَاسِهِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَيْسُوا عَلَى مَاءٍ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ آيَةَ التَّيَمُّمِ \"\n\n١٥٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنِي بِذَلِكُ عَدَدٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي وَغَيْرِهِمْ","vol":"2","page":13},{"text":"١٥٥٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ، فَانْقَطَعَ عِقْدٌ لِي فَأَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْتِمَاسِهِ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ التَّيَمُّمِ»","vol":"2","page":13},{"text":"١٥٦٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِالْبَيْدَاءِ، أَوْ بِذَاتِ الْجَيْشِ، انْقَطَعَ عِقْدٌ لِي. فَأَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَلَى الْتِمَاسِهِ، وَأَقَامَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، وَلَيْسُوا عَلَى مَاءٍ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ، فَأَتَى النَّاسُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ»، فَقَالُوا: أَلَا تَرَى مَا صَنَعَتْ عَائِشَةُ؟ أَقَامَتْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِالنَّاسِ، وَلَيْسُوا عَلَى مَاءٍ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاضِعٌ رَأْسَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِي، قَدْ نَامَ. فَقَالَ: «حَبَسْتِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسَ وَلَيْسُوا عَلَى مَاءٍ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ»، وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «فَعَاتَبَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ»، فَقَالَ: \" مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: وَجَعَلَ يَطْعَنُ بِيَدِهِ فِي خَاصِرَتِي، فَلَا يَمْنَعُنِي مِنَ التَّحَرُّكِ إِلَّا مَكَانُ رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى فَخِذِي، فَنَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَاءٍ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎ آيَةَ التَّيَمُّمِ. فَتَيَمَّمُوا \"، فَقَالَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ: مَا هِيَ بِأَوَّلِ بَرَكَتِكُمْ يَا آلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: فَبَعَثْنَا الْبَعِيرَ الَّذِي كُنْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَوَجَدْنَا الْعِقْدَ تَحْتَهُ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ بِتَمَامِهِ","vol":"2","page":14},{"text":"١٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ ⦗١٥⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرِ قَالَ: «تَيَمَّمْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِلَى الْمَنَاكِبِ»\n\n١٥٦٢ - هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ثُمَّ سَمِعَهُ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ أَحْيَانًا، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، وَأَحْيَانًا لَا يَقُولُ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n١٥٦٣ - قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: أَشُكُّ فِي: أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٥٦٤ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: كَانَ إِذَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا لَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَنْ أَبِيهِ\n\n١٥٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الْعَنَزِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا يَقُولُهُ","vol":"2","page":14},{"text":"١٥٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ التَّيَمُّمِ، فَتَيَمَّمْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَنَاكِبِ»\n\n١٥٦٧ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ،\n\n١٥٦٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٥٦٩ - وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ عَلَى الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ دُونَ ذِكْرِ أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٥٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"2","page":16},{"text":"١٥٧١ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرِ ⦗١٧⦘: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" عَرَّسَ بِأُولَاتِ الْجَيْشِ، وَمَعَهُ عَائِشَةُ فَانْقَطَعَ عِقْدٌ لَهَا مِنْ جَزْعِ ظِفَارٍ. فَحُبِسَ النَّاسُ ابْتِغَاءَ عِقْدِهَا ذَلِكَ، حَتِّي أَضَاءَ الْفَجْرُ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَ النَّاسِ مَاءٌ، فَتَغَيَّظَ عَلَيْهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَقَالَ: حَبَسْتِ النَّاسَ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ رُخْصَةَ التَّطَهُّرِ بِالصَّعِيدِ الطَّيِّبِ، فَقَامَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَضَرَبُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمُ الْأَرْضَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعُوا أَيْدِيَهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَنْفُضُوا مِنَ التُّرَابِ شَيْئًا، فَمَسَحُوا بِهَا وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَيْدِيَهُمْ إِلَى الْمَنَاكِبِ، وَمِنْ بُطُونِ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِلَى الْآبَاطِ \"،\n\n١٥٧٢ - زَادَ ابْنُ يَحْيَى فِي حَدِيثِهِ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: وَلَا يَعْتَبِرُ بِهَذَا النَّاسُ\n\n١٥٧٣ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ - يَعْنِي عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، - قَالَ فِيهِ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَذَكَرَ ضَرْبَتَيْنِ","vol":"2","page":16},{"text":"١٥٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمَ: وَجْهَهُ وَكَفَّيْهِ \"","vol":"2","page":17},{"text":"١٥٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ح،\n\n١٥٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ ⦗١٨⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ: أَبُو مُوسَى: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّجُلُ يُجْنِبُ، فَلَا يَجِدُ الْمَاءَ، أَيُصَلِّي؟ قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ قَوْلَ عَمَّارٍ لِعُمَرَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَا وَأَنْتَ، فَأَجْنَبْتُ فَتَمَعَّكْتُ بِالصَّعِيدِ، فَأَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا يَكْفِيكَ هَكَذَا»، وَمَسَحَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَكَفَّيْهِ وَاحِدَةً \" قَالَ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ عُمَرَ قَنَعَ بِذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُونَ بِهِذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: إِنَّا لَوْ رَخَّصْنَا لَهُمْ فِي هَذَا، لَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ إِذَا وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ الْبَارِدَ يَمْسَحُ بِالصَّعِيدِ قَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ: فَقُلْتُ لِشَقِيقٍ: فَمَا كَرِهَهُ إِلَّا لِهَذَا، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ⦗١٩⦘،\n\n١٥٧٧ - وَأَشَارَ الْبُخَارِيُّ إِلَى رِوَايَةِ يَعْلَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ","vol":"2","page":17},{"text":"١٥٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، سَمِعَ ذَرَّ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ، عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَأَجْنَبَ، وَلَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ، فَقَالَ: لَا تُصَلِّي، قَالَ عَمَّارٌ: أَمَا تَذْكُرُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنِّي كُنْتُ فِي سَفَرٍ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فَأَجْنَبْنَا، فَلَمْ نَجِدِ الْمَاءَ. فَأَمَّا أَنْتَ فَلَمْ تُصَلِّ، وَأَمَّا أَنَا فَتَمَعَّكْتُ فِي التُّرَابِ وَصَلَّيْتُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرْنا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ: \" أَمَّا أَنْتَ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَدَعَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا عَمَّارُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَتَمَعَّكَ كَمَا تَتَمَعَّكُ الدَّابَّةُ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ يُجْزِئُكَ: وَضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ الْأَرْضَ إِلَى التُّرَابٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَكَذَا»، فَنَفَخَ فِيهَا، وَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِفْصَلِ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ الذِّرَاعَانِ ⦗٢٠⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِهِمَا وَجْهَهُ وَكَفَّيْهِ،\n\n١٥٧٩ - ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ، وَالنَّضْرِ بْنِ شُمَيْلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ،\n\n١٥٨٠ - وَذَكَرَ فِي حَدِيثِهِمَا قَوْلَ الْحَكَمِ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنَ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، وَهُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،\n\n١٥٨١ - وَأَشَارَ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَيْضًا إِلَى رِوَايَةِ النَّضْرِ،\n\n١٥٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ ذَرِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَشَكَّ فِي مَتْنِهِ،\n\n١٥٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ذَرًّا، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٥٨٤ - قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: ثُمَّ شَكَّ سَلَمَةُ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ إِلَى الْكَفَّيْنِ أَوْ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ","vol":"2","page":19},{"text":"١٥٨٥ - وَرَوَاهُ عَزْرَةُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ ⦗٢١⦘: سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنِ التَّيَمُّمِ:  «فَأَمَرَنِي بِالْوَجْهِ وَالْكَفَّيْنِ ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً»\n\n١٥٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ عَزْرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":20},{"text":"١٥٨٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْعَطَّارُ، مَرَّةً: عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّهُ: سُئِلَ عَنِ التَّيَمُّمِ فِي السَّفَرِ، فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَدِّثٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ»\n\n١٥٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ قَتَادَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٨٩ - وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ عَلَى أَبِي مَالِكٍ حَبِيبِ صُهْبَانَ: فَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى: إِلَى نِصْفِ الذِّرَاعِ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ نَفْسِهِ: وَجْهَهُ وَكَفَّيْهِ،\n\n١٥٩٠ - وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، فَهُوَ فَقِيهٌ حَافَظٌ، لَمْ ⦗٢٢⦘ يَشُكَّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَسَاقَهُ أَحْسَنَ سِيَاقِهِ كَمَا رَوَاهُ شَقِيقُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ","vol":"2","page":21},{"text":"١٥٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يَجُوزُ عَلَى عَمَّارٍ إِذَا كَانَ ذَكَرَ تَيَمُّمَهُمْ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ إِلَى الْمَنَاكِبِ، إِنْ كَانَ عَنْ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مَنْسُوخٌ عِنْدَهُ، إِذْ رُوِيَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «أَمَرَهُ بِالتَّيَمُّمِ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ وَالْكَفَّيْنِ»،\n\n١٥٩٢ - أَوْ يَكُونَ لَمْ يَرْوِ عَنْهُ إِلَّا تَيَمَّمًا وَاحِدًا، وَاخْتَلَفَتْ رِوَايَتُهُ عَنْهُ، فَتَكُونُ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ الَّتِي لَمْ تَخْتَلِفْ أَثْبَتَ، وَإِذَا لَمْ تَخْتَلِفْ فَالْأَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهَا، لِأَنَّهَا أَوْفَقُ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ رُوِّينَا مُخْتَلِفَتَيْنِ.\n\n١٥٩٣ - أَوْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا سَمِعُوا آيَةَ التَّيَمُّمِ عِنْدَ حُضُورِ صَلَاةٍ فَتَيَمَّمُوا فَاحْتَاطُوا، فَأَتَوْا عَلَى غَايَةِ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ الْيَدِ، لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ، كَمَا لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ لَوْ فَعَلُوهُ فِي الْوُضُوءِ.\n\n١٥٩٤ - فَلَمَّا صَارُوا إِلَى مَسْأَلَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّهُ يُجْزِيهِمْ مِنَ التَّيَمُّمِ أَقَلُّ مِمَّا فَعَلُوا.\n\n١٥٩٥ - وَهَذَا أَوْلَى الْمَعَانِي عِنْدِي، لِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمَّارٍ بِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الدَّلَائِلِ\n\n١٥٩٦ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَتَمَامُ هَذَا الْفَصْلِ أَنْ يُقَالَ: فَرَدَّهُمْ إِلَى الْوَجْهِ، وَالْكَفَّيْنِ، كَمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَابْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، ثُمَّ رَدَّهُمْ إِلَى الْوَجْهِ وَالذِّرَاعَيْنِ، كَمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٢٣⦘\n\n١٥٩٧ - . إِلَّا أَنَّ سِيَاقَ رِوَايَتَيْ حَدِيثِ عَمَّارٍ، يَدُلُّ عَلَى قِصَّتَيْنِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْقِصَّةُ الْأَخِيرَةُ بَعْدَ قِصَّةِ السَّلَامِ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ قَبْلَهَا، فَلَا وَجْهَ فِيهَا إِلَّا التَّرْجِيحُ،\n\n١٥٩٨ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَابْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، أَثْبَتُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْإِسْنَادِ،\n\n١٥٩٩ - وَحَدِيثُ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ أَشْبَهُ بِالْقُرْآنِ، وَأَشْبَهُ بِالْقِيَاسِ،\n\n١٦٠٠ - فَإِنَّ الْبَدَلَ مِنَ الشَّيْءِ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ مِثْلَهُ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَعَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الِاحْتِيَاطِ لِأَمْرِ الطَّهَارَةِ وَالصَّلَاةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":22},{"text":"١٦٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ فِي أَصْلِ كِتَابِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ: مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْمَاسِرْجِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: وَقَدْ زَعَمَ الْعَائِبُ يَعْنِي عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، ﵀ أَنَّهُ تَرَكَ حَدِيثَ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ الْمَشْهُوَرَ الْمَعْرُوفَ فِي التَّيَمُّمِ الَّذِي قَدْ ثَبَّتَهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَاحْتَجُّوا بِهِ، وَصَارَ إِلَى أَنِ احْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ الصِّمَّةِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَيَمَّمَ، فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ وَذِرَاعَيْهِ»\n\n١٦٠٢ - فَشَنَّعَ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ هَذَا التَّشْنِيعَ، وَهُوَ خُلُوٌّ مِنْ أَنْ تَلْزَمَهُ هَذِهِ الشَّنَاعَةُ، لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُقَالُ لِلرَّجُلِ: تَرَكَ حَدِيثَ فُلَانٍ، وَصَارَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ فُلَانٍ، أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَدِيثَانِ كِلَاهُمَا عِنْدَهُ، فَيَمِيلَ بِالْقَوْلِ إِلَى أَحَدِهِمَا دُونَ الْآخَرِ.\n\n١٦٠٣ - فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ تَرَكَهُ، لَيْسَ هُوَ عِنْدَهُ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ تَارِكًا، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ عَمَّارٍ الَّذِي صَارَ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِهِ فِي التَّيَمُّمِ، هُوَ حَدِيثُ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ ذَرٍّ، وَقَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَزْرَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ ⦗٢٤⦘،\n\n١٦٠٤ - وَحَدِيثُ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٦٠٥ - وَلَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، لَا الْمِصْرِيُّ، وَلَا الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، وَاحِدٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ.\n\n١٦٠٦ - فَلِمَ اسْتَجَازَ الْعَائِبُ أَنْ يَعِيبَهُ، وَهُوَ فِي هَذَا خُلُوٌّ ظَاهِرٌ مِنَ الْعَيْبِ، وَلَكِنَّ عَائِبَهُ فِي هَذَا وَأَشْبَاهِهِ مُجَازِفٌ، وَمُقْدِمٌ عَلَى مَا لَا عِلْمَ لَهُ بِهِ،\n\n١٦٠٧ - إِنَّمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ: قَالَ عَمَّارٌ: «تَيَمَّمْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَنَاكِبِ»\n\n١٦٠٨ - وَرُوِي عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْوَجْهَ وَالْكَفَّيْنِ»،\n\n١٦٠٩ - فَكَأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: تَيَمَّمْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَنَاكِبِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ عَنْ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٦١٠ - فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْوَجْهَ وَالْكَفَّيْنِ» وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ: «إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ»، فَمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَوْلَى،\n\n١٦١١ - وَبِهَذَا كَانَ يُفْتِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ.\n\n١٦١٢ - هَذَا لَفْظُ قَوْلِهِ: فِي الْبَغْدَادِيِّ بَيِّنٌ، فَقَدْ أَعْطَى الْحَقَّ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ لِلْعَائِبِ فِيهِ قَوْلًا، وَلَا لِعِتَابِهِ مَوْضِعًا.\n\n١٦١٣ - وَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ الشَّاعِرُ فِي وَصْفِ الرَّجُلِ الْعَيَّابَةِ لِلْأَقْوَامِ، حَيْثُ يَقُولُ:\n[البحر السريع]\n\nرُبَّ عَيَّابٍ لَهُ مَنْظَرٌ ... مُشْتَمِلُ الثَّوْبِ عَلَى الْعَيْبِ\n⦗٢٥⦘\n\n١٦١٤ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ﵀ إِمَامُ أَهْلِ الرِّوَايَةِ، مِمَّا ذَبَّ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، ﵀: وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فِيمَا حُكِيَ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، يُرِيدُ، «الْوَجْهَ وَالْكَفَّيْنِ»، وَلَوْ أَعْلَمُهُ ثَابِتًا لَمْ أُعِدْهُ، وَلَمْ أَشُكَّ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ مَا حَكَاهُ","vol":"2","page":23},{"text":"١٦١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا لَمْ يُسْمَعُ مِنْهُ بَلَاغًا، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: فِي التَّيَمُّمِ: «ضَرْبَةٌ لِلْوَجْهِ، وَضَرْبَةٌ لِلْكَفَّيْنِ»،\n\n١٦١٦ - هَكَذَا حَكَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٦١٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أَصْحَابِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ضَرْبَتَانِ: ضَرْبَةٌ لِلْوَجْهِ، وَضَرْبَةٌ لِلذِّرَاعَيْنِ، كَذَا أَخْرَجَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ.\n\n١٦١٨ - وَالرِّوَايَةُ الْأُولَى أَصَحُّ، فَقَدْ رَوَى يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَانَا يَقُولَانِ فِي التَّيَمُّمِ: الْوَجْهَ وَالْكَفَّيْنِ،\n\n١٦١٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، كَذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":25},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-72>بَابُ التُّرَابِ الَّذِي يُتَيَمَّمُ بِهِ</span>","vol":"2","page":26},{"text":"١٦٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَتِيقِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، لَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «جُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا وَطَهُورًا»\n\n١٦٢١ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ: إِلَى سُفْيَانَ فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، فَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، نَحْوَهُ","vol":"2","page":26},{"text":"١٦٢٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" فُضِّلْنَا عَلَى النَّاسِ بِثَلَاثٍ: جُعِلَتْ صُفُوفُنَا كَصُفُوفِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَجُعِلَتْ لَنَا الْأَرْضُ كُلُّهَا مَسْجِدًا، وَجُعِلَ تُرَابُهَا لَنَا طَهُورًا إِذَا لَمْ نَجِدِ الْمَاءَ \"\n\n١٦٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ حَبِيبِ بْنِ الشَّهِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ،\n\n١٦٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: «إِذَا لَمْ نَجِدِ الْمَاءَ»، وَزَادَ: «وَجُعِلَتْ صُفُوفُنَا مِثْلَ صُفُوفِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ»","vol":"2","page":27},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-73>بَابُ تَيَمُّمِ الْجُنُبِ</span>","vol":"2","page":28},{"text":"١٦٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي خِفَافٍ نَاجِيَةَ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ، لِعُمَرَ: أَمَا تَذْكُرُ إِذْ كُنْتُ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ فِي الْإِبِلِ، فَأَصَابَتْنِي جَنَابَةٌ، فَتَمَعَّكْتُ كَمَا تَتَمَعَّكُ الدَّابَّةَ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فذَكَرْتُ لَهُ، فَضَحِكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ التَّيَمُّمُ» ⦗٢٩⦘،\n\n١٦٢٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةِ","vol":"2","page":28},{"text":"١٦٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيِّ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «أَمَرَ رَجُلًا كَانَ جُنُبًا أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمَ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي، فَإِذَا وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ اغْتَسَلَ»،\n\n١٦٢٨ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي ذَرٍّ: «إِذَا وَجَدْتَ الْمَاءَ فَأَمِسَّهُ جِلْدَكَ»","vol":"2","page":29},{"text":"١٦٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فِيمَا خَالَفَ الْعِرَاقِيُّونَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَلَاغًا، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ ⦗٣٠⦘: «الْجُنُبُ لَا يَتَيَمَّمُ»\n\n١٦٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، وَيَقُولُونَ: لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا يَقُولُ بِهِ\n\n١٦٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ الْجُنُبَ أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمَ»","vol":"2","page":29},{"text":"١٦٣٢ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَوْفٍ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «أَمَرَ رَجُلًا أَصَابَتْهُ جَنَابَةٌ، أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمَ وَيُصَلِّي»،\n\n١٦٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَوْفُ بْنُ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي سَفَرٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ، وَفِيهِ: \" أَنَّهُ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا انْفتَلَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ إِذَا رَجُلٌ مُعْتَزِلٌ لَمْ يُصَلِّ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ قَالَ:  «مَا مَنَعَكَ يَا فُلَانُ أَنْ تُصَلِّي مَعَ الْقَوْمِ؟» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَصَابَتْنِي جَنَابَةٌ، وَلَا مَاءَ. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَلَيْكَ بِالصَّعِيدِ، فَإِنَّهُ يَكْفِيكَ» ⦗٣١⦘. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي شِكَايَةِ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ الْعَطَشَ، وَدُعَائِهِ عَلِيًّا، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَقَوْلِهِ: «اذْهَبَا فَابْتَغِيَا لَنَا الْمَاءَ» فَانْطَلَقَا، فَإِذَا هُمَا بِامْرَأَةٍ سَادِلَةٍ بَيْنَ مَزَادَتَيْنِ أَوْ سَطِيحَتَيْنِ مِنْ مَاءٍ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهَا، فَجَاءَا بِهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَدَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ، فَأَفْرَغَ فِيهِ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِ الْمَزَادَتَيْنِ، فَمَضْمَضَ فِي الْمَاءِ، وَأَعَادَهُ فِيهِمَا، ثُمَّ أَوْكَى أَفْوَاهَهُمَا، وَأَطْلَقَ الْعَزْلَاوَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلنَّاسِ: «اشْرَبُوا اسْتَقَوْا»، فَاسْتَقَى مَنْ شَاءَ، وَشَرِبَ مَنْ شَاءَ قَالَ: وَكَانَ آخِرُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ أَعْطَى الَّذِي أَصَابَتْهُ الْجَنَابَةُ إِنَاءً مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَقَالَ: «اذْهَبْ فَأَفْرِغْهُ عَلَيْكَ»، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَوْفٍ","vol":"2","page":30},{"text":"١٦٣٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسَدَّدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ بُجْدَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ، يَقُولُ: اجْتَمَعَتْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَنَمٌ مِنْ غَنَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ فَقَالَ: «ابْدُ فِيهَا يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ»، فَبَدَوْتُ فِيهَا إِلَى الرَّبَذَةِ، فَكَانَ يَأْتِي عَلَيَّ الْخَمْسُ وَالسِّتُّ وَأَنَا جُنُبٌ، فَوَجَدْتُ فِي نَفْسِي، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ مُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْحَجَرِ، فَلَمَّا رَآنِي قَالَ: «مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ» قَالَ: فَجَلَسْتُ قَالَ: «مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ» ⦗٣٢⦘. قُلْتُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي جُنُبٌ قَالَ: فَأَمَرَ جَارِيَةً لَهُ سَوْدَاءَ فَجَاءَتْ بِعُسٍّ فِيهِ مَاءٌ، فَسَتَرَنِي بِالْبَعِيرِ، وَالثَّوْبِ فَاغْتَسَلْتُ، فَكَأَنَّمَا، وَضَعْتُ عَنِّي جَبَلًا قَالَ: «ادْنُهُ، إِنَّ الصَّعِيدَ الطَّيِّبَ، وُضُوءُ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَلَوْ عَشْرُ حِجَجٍ، فَإِذَا وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ فَلْيَمَسَّ بَشَرَهُ الْمَاءَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ» وَرَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ السِّخْتِيَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ","vol":"2","page":31},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-74>بَابُ التَّيَمُّمِ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ</span>\n١٦٣٦ - حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَفِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"2","page":33},{"text":"١٦٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِيرَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ: وَفِيمَا حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ حَيَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «يَتَيَمَّمُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ»","vol":"2","page":33},{"text":"١٦٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ ⦗٣٤⦘ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ لَا يُصَلِّيَ الرَّجُلُ بِالتَّيَمُّمِ إِلَّا صَلَاةً وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ يَتَيَمَّمُ لِلصَّلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى»\n\n١٦٣٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁،\n\n١٦٤٠ - وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ","vol":"2","page":33},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-75>بَابُ التَّيَمُّمِ فِي السَّفَرِ الْقَرِيبِ وَالْبَعِيدِ</span>","vol":"2","page":35},{"text":"١٦٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: «أَقْبَلَ مِنَ الْجُرْفِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالْمِرْبَدِ تَيَمَّمَ، فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ، فَلَمْ يُعِدِ الصَّلَاةَ»\n\n١٦٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْجُرْفُ قَرِيبُ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ","vol":"2","page":35},{"text":"١٦٤٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ ⦗٣٦⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْقَزَّازُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي رَزِينٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" تَيَمَّمَ وَهُوَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى بُيُوتِ الْمَدِينَةِ، بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: مِرْبَدُ النَّعَمِ \"،\n\n١٦٤٤ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِنْ فِعْلِهِ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":35},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-76>بَابُ الْمَرِيضِ الَّذِي لَا يُسْتَضَرُّ بِاسْتِعْمَالِ الْمَاءِ</span>","vol":"2","page":37},{"text":"١٦٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْكُوفِيُّ، بِمِصْرَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْحُمَّى مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ، فَأَطْفِئُوهَا بِالْمَاءِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٦٤٦ - وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ تَرَكَ اسْتِعْمَالِ الْمَاءِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ لِلْمَرِيضِ الْمَضْرُورِ","vol":"2","page":37},{"text":"١٦٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، رَفَعَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣] قَالَ: إِذَا كَانَ بِالرَّجُلِ الْجِرَاحَةُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، أَوِ الْقُرُوحُ، أَوِ الْجُدَرِيُّ، فَيُجْنِبُ فَيَخَافُ إِنِ اغْتَسَلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ، فَلْيَتَيَمَّمْ \"\n\n١٦٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السَّامَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":38},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-77>بَابُ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْجَبَائِرِ</span>","vol":"2","page":39},{"text":"١٦٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثٌ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁: «أَنَّهُ انْكَسَرَ إِحْدَى زَنْدَيْ يَدَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، أَنْ يَمْسَحَ بِالْمَاءِ عَلَى الْجَبَائِرِ»،\n\n١٦٥٠ - وَلَوْ عَرَفْتُ إِسْنَادَهُ بِالصِّحَّةِ قُلْتُ بِهِ، وَهَذَا مِمَّا أَسْتَخِيرُ اللَّهَ فِيهِ","vol":"2","page":39},{"text":"١٦٥١ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، ﵀، هَذَا يُعْرَفُ بِعَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْوَاسِطِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا: \" انْكَسَرَ إِحْدَى زَنْدَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أَنْ يَمْسَحَ عَلَى الْجَبَائِرِ \"\n\n١٦٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَارَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٦٥٣ - تَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، إِلَّا أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ خَالِدٍ هَذَا مَتْرُوكٌ، رَمَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، بِالْكَذِبِ.\n\n١٦٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَرُوبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْوَاسِطِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ وَكِيعًا، يَقُولُ: كَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ فِي جِوَارِنَا يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ، فَلَمَّا فُطِنَ لَهُ تَحَوَّلَ إِلَى وَاسِطٍ\n\n١٦٥٥ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ سَرَقَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ وَجِيهٍ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٦٥٦ - وَعُمَرُ بْنُ مُوسَى هَذَا مَتْرُوكٌ مَنْسُوبٌ إِلَى الْوَضْعِ ⦗٤١⦘.\n\n١٦٥٧ - وَرُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ مَجْهُوَلٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٦٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ خَالِدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمَكِّيُّ، بِإِسْنَادٍ لَهُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١٦٥٩ - وَأَبُو الْوَلِيدِ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"2","page":40},{"text":"١٦٦٠ - وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ، وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثُ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، مَعَ الِاخْتِلَافِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَتْنِهِ، وَالَّذِي أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ «السُّنَنِ»\n\n١٦٦١ - مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ خُرَيْقٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا فِي سَفَرٍ فَأَصَابَ رَجُلًا مِنَّا حُجْرٌ فَشَجَّهُ فِي رَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ احْتَلَمَ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لِي رُخْصَةً فِي التَّيَمُّمِ؟ قَالُوا: مَا نَجِدُ لَكَ رُخْصَةً، وَأَنْتَ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ فَاغْتَسَلَ فَمَاتَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أُخْبِرَ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ: «قَتَلُوهُ قَتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ، أَلَا سَأَلُوا إِذْ لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا؟ فَإِنَّمَا شِفَاءُ الْعِيِّ السُّؤَالُ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْفِيهِ أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمَ، وَيَعْصِرَ، أَوْ يَعْصِبَ»، شَكَّ مُوسَى: عَلَى جُرْحِهِ خِرْقَةً، ثُمَّ يَمْسَحَ عَلَيْهَا وَيَغْسِلَ سَائِرَ جَسَدِهِ،\n\n١٦٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ لَفْظًا، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَلَبِيُّ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ ⦗٤٢⦘\n\n١٦٦٣ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي كِتَابِ «السُّنَنِ» وُجُوهَ الِاخْتِلَافِ فِيهِ،\n\n١٦٦٤ - وَصَحَّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، الْمَسْحُ عَلَى الْعِصَابَةِ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ،\n\n١٦٦٥ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ: عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَأَبِي مَجْلَزٍ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ، وَقَتَادَةَ","vol":"2","page":41},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-78>بَابُ التَّيَمُّمِ فِي الْمِصْرِ لِلْجَنَازَةِ، وَالْعِيدَيْنِ</span>\n١٦٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: لَا تَعُدُّوا الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ وَالْعِيدَيْنِ أَنْ تَكُونَا صَلَاةً،\n\n١٦٦٧ - فَهُوَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ فَرِيضَتَهَا، أَوْ نَافِلَتَهَا لَا يُجْزِئُ إِلَّا بِوُضُوءٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ دُعَاءً وَذِكْرًا،\n\n١٦٦٨ - فَقَدْ يَجُوزُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ وَيَذْكُرَ اللَّهَ، وَهُوَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ، أَوْ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ بِذَلِكَ أَثَرٌ عَنْ مَنْ يَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ حُجَّةً، فَلَا يَكُونُ لَنَا مُنَازَعَتُهُ، بَلْ لَا نَعْلَمُ عِنْدَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَثَرًا،\n\n١٦٦٩ - وَعِنْدَنَا الرِّوَايَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"2","page":43},{"text":"١٦٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: «كَانَ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ إِلَّا وَهُوَ مُتَوَضِّئٌ»","vol":"2","page":43},{"text":"١٦٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ إِلَّا وَهُوَ طَاهِرٌ»","vol":"2","page":43},{"text":"١٦٧٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي مَذْعُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: «أُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةٍ، وَهُوَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ، فَتَيَمَّمَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا»\n\n١٦٧٣ - وَهَذَا لَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا فَإِنَّهُ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ وَرَدَ فِي سَفَرٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الظَّاهِرُ بِخِلَافِهِ فَالْكِتَابُ، ثُمَّ السُّنَّةُ، ثُمَّ الْقِيَاسُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الْوُضُوءِ عِنْدَ وُجُودِ الْمَاءِ وَعَدَمِ الْمَرَضِ فِيمَا لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمُحْدِثِ فِعْلُهُ","vol":"2","page":44},{"text":"١٦٧٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ فِي التَّارِيخِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا فَجَأَتْكَ الْجَنَازَةُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ، فَصَلِّ عَلَيْهَا»\n\n١٦٧٥ - قُلْتُ: هَذَا هُوَ الْحَدِيثُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَظُنُّهُ ابْنَ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ: هُوَ مُطِيعٌ الْغَزَّالُ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ.\n\n١٦٧٦ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي مَذْعُورٍ، يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَطَأً، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":44},{"text":"١٦٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْمَعْرُوفِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْقَطَّانُ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ التَّمَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعَافَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ تَفْجَؤُهُ الْجَنَازَةُ وَهُوَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ قَالَ:  «يَتَيَمَّمُ، وَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا»\n\n١٦٧٨ - هَذَا حَدِيثٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ مَا يُنْكَرُ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الثِّقَاتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٤٥⦘.\n\n١٦٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي، وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، فَقَالَ: ضَعِيفُ الْحَدِيثِ، حَدَّثَ بِأَحَادِيثَ مَنَاكِيرَ.\n\n١٦٨٠ - قَالَ أَبِي: حَدَّثَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْجَنَازَةِ تَمُرُّ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُتَوَضِّئٍ قَالَ: «يَتَيَمَّمُ»\n\n١٦٨١ - قَالَ أَبِي: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ مَوْقُوفًا،\n\n١٦٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَزْهَرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ عِتْبَانِ الْغَلَابِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ، أَنَّهُ: أَنْكَرَ عَلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ حَدِيثَ التَّيَمُّمِ عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، فَبَلَغَ بِهِ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٦٨٣ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ مُعَافَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، فَارْتَقَى دَرَجَةً أُخْرَى، فَبَلَغَ بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٨٤ - وَالْيَمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ضَعِيفٌ، وَرَفْعُهُ خَطَأٌ فَاحِشٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":44},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-79>بَابُ مَا يُفْسِدُ الْمَاءَ، وَغَيْرَهُ الْمَاءَ الْمُسْتَعْمَلَ</span>","vol":"2","page":46},{"text":"١٦٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّمَا قُلْتُ: لَا يَتَوَضَّأُ رَجُلٌ بِمَا تَوَضَّأَ بِهِ، أَوْ تَوَضَّأَ بِهِ غَيْرُهُ، أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ يَقُولُ: ﴿فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٦] مِنْ سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ فَكَانَ مَعْقُولًا: أَنَّ الْوَجْهَ لَا يَكُونُ مَغْسُولًا إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَبْتَدِئَ لَهُ مَاءً فَيُغْسَلَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْيَدَيْنِ عِنْدِي مِثْلَ مَا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْوَجْهِ، مِنْ أَنْ يَبْتَدِئَ لَهُ مَاءً فَيَغْسِلَهُ بِهِ، وَلَوْ أَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءَ الَّذِي غَسَلَ بِهِ الْوَجْهَ، كَأَنْ لَمْ يُسَوِّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَوَجْهِهِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ مُسَوِّيًا بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى يَبْتَدِئَ لَهُمَا الْمَاءَ، كَمَا ابْتَدَأَ لِوَجْهِهِ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَخَذَ لِكُلِّ عُضْو مِنْهُ مَاءً جَدِيدًا»","vol":"2","page":46},{"text":"١٦٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَدِيبُ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ أَبِي حَسَنٍ سَأَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ وُضُوءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَدَعَا بِتَوْرٍ فَأَكْفَأَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ، فَغَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ فَتَمَضْمَضَ، وَاسْتَنْثَرَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، بِثَلَاثِ حَفْنَاتٍ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ، فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ، فَغَسَلَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ، وَأَدْبَرَ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ، فَغَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ»\n\n١٦٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَدَعَا بِتَوْرٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَتَوَضَّأَ لَهُمْ. وَقَالَ: فَتَمَضْمَضَ، وَاسْتَنْشَقَ، وَاسْتَنْثَرَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ مِنْ ثَلَاثِ غُرَفٍ ⦗٤٨⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ بَهْزِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ، عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ","vol":"2","page":47},{"text":"١٦٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ حَبَّانَ بْنَ وَاسِعٍ، حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ الْمَازِنِيَّ، يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ وُضُوءَهُ قَالَ: «وَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ بِمَاءٍ غَيْرِ فَضْلِ يَدِهِ، وَغَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَنْقَاهُمَا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو","vol":"2","page":48},{"text":"١٦٨٩ - وَهَذَا أَوْلَى مِمَّا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ مِنْ فَضْلِ مَاءٍ كَانَ فِي يَدَيْهِ»\n\n١٦٩٠ - عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي عَدَالَتِهِ: فَإِنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ، يَرْوِيَانِ حَدِيثَهُ، وَكَانَ يَحْيَى ابْنُ مَعِينٍ يُضَعِّفُهُ ⦗٤٩⦘. وَلَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n١٦٩١ - فَإِذَا رَوَى شَيْئًا فِي حُكْمٍ، وَرَوَى أَهْلُ الثِّقَةِ فِيهِ خِلَافَهُ، فَرِوَايَةُ غَيْرِهِ تُوقِعُ شَكًّا فِيمَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَبَرًا عَنْ وُضُوءٍ آخَرٍ،\n\n١٦٩٢ - هَذَا وَقَدْ رَوَى شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ مَاءً جَدِيدًا، فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ مُقَدِّمَهُ وَمُؤَخِّرَهُ.\n\n١٦٩٣ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: مِنْ فَضْلِ مَاءٍ كَانَ فِي يَدَيْهِ. أَيْ أَخَذَ مَاءً جَدِيدًا، وَصَبَّ بَعْضَهُ، وَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ مِنْ فَضْلِ مَاءٍ كَانَ فِي يَدِهِ، لِيَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِسَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ.\n\n١٦٩٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ تَمَامِ بْنِ نَجِيحٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ.\n\n١٦٩٥ - وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، نَحْوَ الرِّوَايَةِ الِاولَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ ⦗٥٠⦘،\n\n١٦٩٦ - وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ مَتْرُوكٌ،\n\n١٦٩٧ - وَتَمَّامُ بْنُ نَجِيحٍ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ","vol":"2","page":48},{"text":"١٦٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مُبَشِّرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَرْضِيٍّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَقَدِ اغْتَسَلَ، وَقَدْ بَقِيَتْ لُمْعَةٌ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا الْمَاءُ، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ لُمْعَةٌ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا الْمَاءُ، فَكَانَ لَهُ شَعْرٌ وَارِدٌ، فَقَالَ: «بِشَعْرِهِ هَكَذَا، عَلَى الْمَكَانِ قَبْلَهُ» ⦗٥١⦘\n\n١٦٩٩ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، هَذَا بَصْرِيٌّ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ مُرْسَلًا.\n\n١٧٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ، وَحَمَّادٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ مُرْسَلًا.\n\n١٧٠١ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَرْزَمِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n١٧٠٢ - وَحُسَيْنُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ الرَّحَبِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٧٠٣ - وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ.\n\n١٧٠٤ - وَالْمُتَوَكِّلُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي طَلَالٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ.\n\n١٧٠٥ - وَيَحْيَى بْنُ عَنْبَسَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ زَايِدٍ ⦗٥٢⦘.\n\n١٧٠٦ - وَلَا يَصِحُّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٧٠٧ - الْعَرْزَمِيُّ مَتْرُوكٌ،\n\n١٧٠٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ،\n\n١٧٠٩ - وَالرَّحْبِيُّ،\n\n١٧١٠ - وَالْمُتَوَكِّلُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ بَصْرِيُّ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n١٧١١ - قَالَهُ: الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ،\n\n١٧١٢ - وَيَحْيَى بْنُ عَنْبَسَةَ، كَانَ يُتَّهَمُ بِوَضْعِ الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n١٧١٣ - وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي الْوُضُوءِ ⦗٥٣⦘: إِنْ كَانَ فِي اللِّحْيَةِ بَلَلٌ، مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ.\n\n١٧١٤ - وَأَصَحُّ شَيْءٍ يَسْتَدِلُّ بِهِ مَنْ جَوَّزَ التَّطَهُّرَ بِالْمَاءِ الْمُسْتَعْمَلِ كَوْنُهُ طَاهِرًا بَعْدَ الِاسْتِعْمَالِ، بِمَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ: «تَوَضَّأَ، فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ وَضُوئِهِ»\n\n١٧١٥ - وَأَمَّا مَا رَوَى ابْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَبُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْمَاءِ الدَّائِمِ، وَلَا يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ»\n\n١٧١٦ - وَعَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَعْنَاهُ، فَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ الْحُفَّاظُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: «لَا يَبُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْمَاءِ الدَّائِمِ، ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ»\n\n١٧١٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n١٧١٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ ثَبَتَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n١٧١٩ - وَعَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗٥٤⦘،\n\n١٧٢٠ - وَلَكَنَّ الصَّحِيحَ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّائِبِ، مَوْلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ زُهْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَغْتَسِلُ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْمَاءِ الدَّائِمِ، وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ»، فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ؟ \" قَالَ: يَتَنَاوَلُهُ تَنَاوُلًا\n\n١٧٢١ - وَهَذَا عِنْدَ مَنْ لَا يُجَوِّزُ التَّطَهُّرَ بِالْمَاءِ الْمُسْتَعْمَلِ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى مَا لَوْ كَانَ الْمَاءُ أَقَلَّ مِنْ مُدَّيْنِ، فَيَصِيرُ بِاغْتِسَالِهِ فِيهِ مُسْتَعْمَلًا، فَلَا يُمَكِّنُ غَيْرَهُ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرَ بِهِ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَنْ يَتَنَاوَلَهُ تَنَاوُلًا، لِئَلَّا يَمْنَعَ غَيْرَهُ مِنِ اسْتِعْمَالِهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":50},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-80>بَابُ وُلُوغِ الْكَلْبِ</span>","vol":"2","page":55},{"text":"١٧٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا وَلَغَ الْكَلْبُ فِي إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ، فَلْيَغْسِلْهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ»","vol":"2","page":55},{"text":"١٧٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْيَامِيُّ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ ⦗٥٦⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا شَرِبَ الْكَلْبُ فِي إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ، فَلْيَغْسِلْهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ» هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ، لَا يَشُكُّ أَهْلُ الْمَعْرِفَةِ فِي صِحَّتِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٧٢٤ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، وَأَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَأَبِي رَزِينٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ فِيَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَأَبِي رَزِينٍ زِيَادَةً، وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ: «فَلْيُرِقْهُ»،\n\n١٧٢٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ هَمَّامٍ: «طُهْرُ إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ»،\n\n١٧٢٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «طَهُورُ إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ».\n\n١٧٢٧ - وَفِي هَذَا اللَّفْظِ، ثُمَّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: «فَلْيُرِقْهُ» دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى نَجَاسَةِ سُؤْرِهِ","vol":"2","page":55},{"text":"١٧٢٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبَى الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فِي الْكَلْبِ يَلِغُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ، أَنَّهُ يَغْسِلُهُ ثَلَاثًا، أَوْ خَمْسًا، أَوْ سَبْعًا»\n\n١٧٢٩ - وَهَذَا ضَعِيفٌ بِمَرَّةٍ، عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ الضَّحَّاكِ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ ⦗٥٧⦘\n\n١٧٣٠ - قَالَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ الْحَافِظِ\n\n١٧٣١ - قَالَ وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: «فَاغْسِلُوهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ» وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ","vol":"2","page":56},{"text":"١٧٣٢ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَلَى الصِّحَّةِ، فَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: «إِذَا وَلَغَ الْكَلْبُ فِي إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ، فَلْيَغْسِلْهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ»\n\n١٧٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاضِي أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، يَعْنِي قَاضِيَ الْحَرَمَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٧٣٤ - وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ بِالتَّخْيِيرِ أَوْ بِالشَّكِّ، الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمَعْمَرِيُّ، وَكَانَ كَثِيرَ الْغَلَطِ","vol":"2","page":57},{"text":"١٧٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بكر، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا وَلَغَ الْكَلْبُ فِي إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ فَلْيَغْسِلْهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، أُولَاهُنَّ أَوْ أُخْرَاهُنَّ بِتُرَابٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «\n\n١٧٣٦ - طَهُورُ إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ إِذَا وَلَغَ فِيهِ الْكَلْبُ، أَنْ يَغْسِلَهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، أُولَاهُنَّ بِالتُّرَابِ»\n\n١٧٣٧ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ يَنْفَرِدُ بِذِكْرِ التُّرَابِ فِيهِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ\n\n١٧٣٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا وَلَغَ الْكَلْبُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ فَاغْسِلُوهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَعَفِّرُوهُ الثَّامِنَةَ فِي التُّرَابِ» وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ ⦗٥٩⦘،\n\n١٧٣٩ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ التَّعْفِيرُ فِي التُّرَابِ فِي إِحْدَى الْغَسَلَاتِ السَّبْعِ، عَدَّهُ ثَامِنَةً، وَإِذْ صِرْنَا إِلَى التَّرْجِيحِ بِزِيَادَةِ الْحِفْظِ، فَقَدْ قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ أَحْفَظُ مَنْ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ فِي دَهْرِهِ،\n\n١٧٤٠ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي يُرْوَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ: «إِذَا وَلَغَ الْكَلْبُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ فَأَهْرِقْهُ، ثُمَّ اغْسِلْهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ»\n\n١٧٤١ - فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْوِهِ غَيْرُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ مَا يُخَالِفُ فِيهِ الثِّقَاتِ ⦗٦٠⦘،\n\n١٧٤٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ مُضَافًا إِلَى فِعْلِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ دُونَ قَوْلِهِ،\n\n١٧٤٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَمَّنْ سَمَّيْنَا، وَعَمَّنْ لَمْ نُسَمِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرَّةً مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n١٧٤٤ - كَمَا رُوِّينَا، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَمُعْتَمِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ نَحْوَ رِوَايَتِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٧٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، عُقَيْبَ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، جَمِيعًا عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعَاهُ.\n\n١٧٤٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا فِي الْأَمْرِ بِغَسْلِهِ سَبْعًا\n\n١٧٤٧ - وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ لِصِحَّةِ طَرِيقِهِ، وَقُوَّةِ إِسْنَادِهِ\n\n١٧٤٨ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ﵀: زَعَمَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ أَنَّهُ تَتَبَّعَ الْآثَارَ، ثُمَّ رَوَى الْأَحَادِيثَ الصَّحِيحَةَ فِي وُلُوغِ الْكَلْبِ، وَتَرَكَ الْقَوْلَ بِالْعَدَدِ الْوَارِدِ فِي تَطْهِيرِ ⦗٦١⦘ الْإِنَاءِ مِنْهُ، وَاسْتِعْمَالِ التُّرَابِ فِيهِ، وَجَعَلَ نَظِيرَ ذَلِكَ الْأَحَادِيثَ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي غَسْلِ الْيَدَيْنِ قَبْلَ إِدْخَالِهِمَا الْإِنَاءَ، وَهُوَ يُوجِبُ غَسْلَ الْإِنَاءِ مِنَ الْوُلُوغِ، وَلَا يُوجِبُ غَسْلَ الْيَدَيْنِ قَبْلَ إِدْخَالِهِمَا الْإِنَاءَ. فَكَيْفَ يَشْتَبِهَانِ؟\n\n١٧٤٩ - ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي الْإِنَاءِ يَلِغُ فِيهِ الْكَلْبُ أَوِ الْهِرُّ يُغْسَلُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَاعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ فِي تَرْكِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْوُلُوغِ،\n\n١٧٥٠ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ عَلَى نَسْخِ السَّبْعِ، عَلَى حُسْنِ الظَّنِّ بِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِأَنَّهُ لَا يُخَالِفُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِيمَا يَرْوِيهِ عَنْهُ.\n\n١٧٥١ - وَهَلَّا أَخَذَ بِالْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي السَّبْعِ، وَبِمَا رُوِّينَا مِنْ فُتْيَا أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِالسَّبْعِ، وَبِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٧٥٢ - وَهُوَ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِمَا تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُنَا لَهُ عَلَى خَطَأِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ فِيمَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَصْحَابِ عَطَاءٍ، ثُمَّ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n١٧٥٣ - وَلِمُخَالَفَتِهِ أَهْلَ الْحِفْظِ، وَالثِّقَةِ فِي بَعْضِ رِوَايَاتِهِ، تَرَكَهُ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ.\n\n١٧٥٤ - وَلَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n١٧٥٥ - وَحَدِيثُهُ هَذَا مُخْتَلَفٌ عَلَيْهِ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَرُوِي عَنْهُ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ،\n\n١٧٥٦ - فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ تَرْكُ رِوَايَةِ الْحُفَّاظِ الثِّقَاتِ الْأَثْبَاتِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كَثِيرَةٍ لَا يَكُونُ مِثْلُهَا غَلَطًا بِرِوَايَةِ وَاحِدٍ قَدْ عُرِفَ بِمُخَالَفَةِ الْحُفَّاظِ فِي بَعْضِ أَحَادِيثِهِ؟ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":58},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-81>بَابُ سَائِرِ النَّجَاسَاتِ سِوَى الْكَلْبِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ</span>","vol":"2","page":62},{"text":"١٧٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ قَالَتْ: سَأَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِحْدَانَا إِذَا أَصَابَ ثَوْبَهَا الدَّمُ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ، كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهَا: «إِذَا أَصَابَ ثَوْبَ إِحْدَاكُنَّ الدَّمُ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ، فَلْتَقْرُصْهُ، ثُمَّ لِتَنْضَحْهُ بِمَاءٍ، ثُمَّ لِتُصَلِّ فِيهِ»\n\n١٧٥٨ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بِغَسْلِ دَمِ الْحَيْضَةِ، وَلَمْ يُوَقِّتْ فِيهِ شَيْئًا، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗٦٣⦘، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٧٥٩ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهَا","vol":"2","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-82>بَابُ سُؤْرِ مَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ سِوَى الْكَلْبِ، وَالْخِنْزِيرِ</span>","vol":"2","page":64},{"text":"١٧٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَتَوَضَّأُ بِمَا أَفْضَلَتِ الْحُمُرُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَبِمَا أَفْضَلَتِ السِّبَاعُ كُلُّهَا»\n\n١٧٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي غَيْرِ رِوَايَتِنَا، وَأُخْبِرْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ بِمِثْلِهِ","vol":"2","page":65},{"text":"١٧٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ أَوْ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ: أَنَتَوَضَّأُ بِمَا أَفْضَلَتِ الْحُمُرُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَبِمَا أَفْضَلَتِ السِّبَاعُ كُلُّهَا»\n\n١٧٦٣ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ","vol":"2","page":65},{"text":"١٧٦٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: قَالَ ⦗٦٦⦘: قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَتَوَضَّأُ بِمَا أَفْضَلَتِ الْحُمُرُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَبِمَا أَفْضَلَتِ السِّبَاعُ»\n\n١٧٦٥ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ،\n\n١٧٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٧٦٧ - وَابْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ هُوَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ ⦗٦٧⦘.\n\n١٧٦٨ - فَإِذَا ضَمَمْنَا هَذِهِ الْأَسَانِيدَ بَعْضَهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ، أَخَذَتْ قُوَّةً،\n\n١٧٦٩ - وَفِي مَعْنَاهُ حَدِيثُ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"2","page":65},{"text":"١٧٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ خَالَتِهَا كَبْشَةَ بِنْتِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ ابْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارَيِّ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهَا: أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَسَكَبَتْ لَهُ وَضُوءًا، فَجَاءَتْ هِرَّةٌ لِتَشْرَبَ مِنْهُ، فَأَصْغَى لَهَا الْإِنَاءَ حَتَّى شَرِبَتْ قَالَتْ كَبْشَةُ: فَرَآنِي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: أَتَعْجَبِينَ يَا ابْنَةَ أَخِي؟ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَجَسٍ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ مِنَ الطَّوَّافِينَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَوِ الطَّوَّافَاتِ»،\n\n١٧٧١ - وَرَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وَقَالَ ⦗٦٨⦘: وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ ابْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ، وَقَالَ: فَجَاءَتْ هِرَّةٌ فَأَصْغَى لَهَا الْإِنَاءَ حَتَّى شَرِبَتْ،\n\n١٧٧٢ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ.\n\n١٧٧٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٧٧٤ - وَقَدْ قَصَرَ بَعْضَ الرُّوَاةِ بِرِوَايَتِهِ، فَلَمْ يُقِمْ إِسْنَادَهُ.\n\n١٧٧٥ - قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى: سَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ مُحَمَّدًا يَعْنِي الْبُخَارِيَّ، فَقَالَ: جَوَّدَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، وَرِوَايَتُهُ أَصَحُّ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ،\n\n١٧٧٦ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَيَقْرُبُ مِنْ رِوَايَتِهِ مَا رَوَاهُ حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ.\n\n١٧٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ أَوْ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٧٧٨ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَذَكَرَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَالدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا مَعْنَاهُ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى","vol":"2","page":67},{"text":"١٧٧٩ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَلِكَ ذَكَرْنَاهُ، وَهُوَ عِنْدِي مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هَمَّامٌ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَوَضَّأُ، فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ هِرَّةٌ فَأَصْغَى إِلَيْهَا، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَيْسَتْ بِنَجَسٍ»\n\n١٧٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرُوِيَ فِيهَا، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ شَبِيهُ هَذَا","vol":"2","page":69},{"text":"١٧٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ هُوَ ابْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ التَّمَّارِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ: أَنَّ مَوْلَاتَهَا، أَرْسَلَتْهَا بِهَرِيسَةٍ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَوَجَدَتْهَا تُصَلِّي، فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيَّ: ضَعِيهَا، فَجَاءَتْ هِرَّةٌ فَأَكَلَتْ مِنْهَا، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَتْ، أَكَلَتْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَكَلَتِ الْهِرَّةُ وَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَجَسٍ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ مِنَ الطَّوَّافِينَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَوَضَّأُ بِفَضْلِهَا»","vol":"2","page":69},{"text":"١٧٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ كَوْثَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ ⦗٧٠⦘: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرُّكَيْنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ عَمَّةٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهَا: صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ عَمِيلَةَ، أَنَّ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ سُئِلَ عَنْ سُؤْرِ الْهِرَّةَ، فَلَمْ يَرَ بِهِ بَأْسًا،\n\n١٧٨٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «إِذَا وَلَغَ الْهِرُّ غُسِلَ مَرَّةً» فَقَدْ أَدْرَجَهُ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي وُلُوغِ الْكَلْبِ وَوَهِمُوا فِيهِ،\n\n١٧٨٤ - الصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ فِي وُلُوغِ الْكَلْبِ مَرْفُوعٌ.\n\n١٧٨٥ - وَفِي وُلُوغِ الْهِرِّ مَوْقُوفٌ.\n\n١٧٨٦ - مَيَّزَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْجَهْضَمِيُّ، عَنْ قُرَّةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَوَافَقَهُ عَلَيْهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ.\n\n١٧٨٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «يُغْسَلُ الْإِنَاءُ مِنَ الْهِرِّ، كَمَا يُغْسَلُ مِنَ الْكَلْبِ» وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ.\n\n١٧٨٨ - وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ مِنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سَالِمٍ.\n\n١٧٨٩ - إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ.\n\n١٧٩٠ - وَرَوَى نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: «كَرِهَ سُؤْرَ الْكَلْبِ، وَالْحِمَارِ، وَالسِّنَّوْرِ، أَنْ يُتَوَضَّأَ بِهِ»","vol":"2","page":69},{"text":"١٧٩١ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ مَالِكٍ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ فِي بَابِ الْوِفَاقِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ⦗٧١⦘: وَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، فَكَرِهَ الْوُضُوءَ بِفَضْلِ الْهِرَّةِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَرِهَ الْوُضُوءَ بِفَضْلِهَا \"\n\n١٧٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْهِرِّ حَدِيثٌ: إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَجَسٍ، فَنَتَوَضَّأَ بِفَضْلِهَا، وَنَكْتَفِي بِالْخَبَرِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا يَكُونُ فِي أَحَدٍ قَالَ بِخِلَافِ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ.\n\n١٧٩٣ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْأُمِّ أَخْبَارًا تُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ الْكَلْبِ، وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانَاتِ، وَتِلْكَ الْأَخْبَارُ تَرِدُ فِي مَوَاضِعِهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ،\n\n١٧٩٤ - وَزَعَمَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، أَنَّ حَدِيثَ قُرَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي وُلُوغِ الْهِرِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَحِيحٌ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ الثِّقَةَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، قَدْ مَيَّزَهُ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ وَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ.\n\n١٧٩٥ - وَهُوَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ.\n\n١٧٩٦ - وَلَوْ كَانَتْ رِوَايَةً صَحِيحَةً عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ قَوْلُهُ فِيهَا،\n\n١٧٩٧ - وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ هُوَ الَّذِي أَصْغَى لَهَا الْإِنَاءَ، وَتَوَضَّأَ بِفَضْلِهَا.\n\n١٧٩٨ - وَأَنَّهُ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّ مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَوَتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ تَوَضَّأَ بِفَضْلِهَا مَعَ مَا فِي قَوْلِهِ: «إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَجَسٍ» مِنْ نَفْيِ النَّجَاسَةِ عَنْ سُؤْرِهَا. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":70},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-83>بَابُ إِذَا وَقَعَ فِي الْإِنَاءِ مَا لَا نَفْسَ لَهُ سَائِلَةٌ</span>","vol":"2","page":72},{"text":"١٧٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا وَقَعَ الذُّبَابُ فِي إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ، فَإِنَّ فِي أَحَدِ جَنَاحَيْهِ دَاءً، وَالْآخَرِ شِفَاءً، وَإِنَّهُ يُتَّقَى بِالْجَنَاحِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الدَّاءُ، فَلْيَغْمِسْهُ كُلَّهُ، ثُمَّ لِيَنْزِعْهُ» ⦗٧٣⦘\n\n١٨٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مُخْتَصَرًا،\n\n١٨٠١ - وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n١٨٠٢ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِأَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: وَقَدْ يَمُوتُ بِالْغَمْسِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَأْمُرُ بِغَمْسِهِ فِي الْمَاءِ، وَالطَّعَامِ، وَهُوَ يُنَجِّسُهُ لَوْ مَاتَ فِيهِ، لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ عَمْدُ إِفْسَادِهَا،\n\n١٨٠٣ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَوْلِ الْآخَرِ: قَدْ يَأْمُرُ بِغَمْسِهِ لِلدَّاءِ الَّذِي فِيهِ، وَالْأَغْلَبُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَمُوتُ","vol":"2","page":72},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-84>بَابُ عَرَقِ الْإِنْسَانِ</span>","vol":"2","page":74},{"text":"١٨٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «يَدْخُلُ عَلَى أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ، فَتَبْسُطُ لَهُ نِطْعًا، فَيَقِيلُ عَلَيْهِ، فَتَأْخُذُ مِنْ عَرَقِهِ فَتَجْعَلُهُ فِي طِيبِهَا، وَتَبْسُطُ لَهُ الْخُمْرَةَ فَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا»\n\n١٨٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ هَذَا ثَابِتٌ، وَلَا أَحْسِبُ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ تَجْعَلُ عَرَقَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي طِيبِهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْلَمَهُ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْعَرَقَ طَاهِرٌ\n\n١٨٠٦ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي الْعَرَقِ","vol":"2","page":74},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-85>بَابُ الَّذِي يُنَجِّسُ، وَالَّذِي لَا يُنَجِّسُ الْمَاءَ الْقَلِيلَ يَنْجُسُ بِنَجَاسَةٍ تَحْدُثُ فِيهِ</span>","vol":"2","page":75},{"text":"١٨٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا وَلَغَ الْكَلْبُ فِي إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ، فَلْيَغْسِلْهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ».\n\n١٨٠٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ مَالِكًا جَعَلَ مَكَانَ وَلَغَ: شَرِبَ،\n\n١٨٠٩ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى","vol":"2","page":75},{"text":"١٨١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَتْ آنِيَةُ النَّاسِ صِغَارًا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ⦗٧٦⦘، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَبُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْمَاءِ الدَّائِمِ ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهُ»\n\n١٨١١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ.\n\n١٨١٢ - وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ.\n\n١٨١٣ - وَهَذَا يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي الْمَاءِ الْقَلِيلِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ مَاءٍ دَائِمٍ، وَالنَّهْيُ عَنْهُ فِي الْكَثِيرِ عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ، لَا عَلَى أَنَّ الْبَوْلَ يُنَجِّسُهُ، بِدَلِيلِ مَا رُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"2","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-86>بَابُ الْمَاءِ الْكَثِيرُ لَا يَنْجُسُ بِنَجَاسَةٍ تَحْدُثُ فِيهِ مَا لَمْ تُغَيِّرْهُ</span>","vol":"2","page":77},{"text":"١٨١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عِنْدَهُ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ أَوْ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَدَوِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ بِئْرَ بُضَاعَةَ يُطْرَحُ فِيهَا الْكِلَابُ وَالْحَيْضُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «إِنَّ الْمَاءَ لَا يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ»","vol":"2","page":77},{"text":"١٨١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٧٨⦘ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَمَّنْ لَا يُتَّهَمُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَدَوِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِنَّكَ تَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ، وَهِيَ تُطْرَحُ فِيهَا مَا يُنَجِي النَّاسَ، وَلُحُومُ الْكِلَابِ، وَالْمَحِيضُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِنَّ الْمَاءَ لَا يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ»","vol":"2","page":77},{"text":"١٨١٦ - وَرَوَى الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ سَلِيطِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَدَوِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قِيلَ لَهُ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١٨١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي شُعَيْبٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَلِيطِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، ثُمَّ الْعَدَوِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: إِنَّهُ يُسْتَقَى لَكَ مِنْ بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ، وَهِيَ تُلْقَى فِيهَا لُحُومُ الْكِلَابِ، وَالْمَحَائِضُ، وَعُذَرِ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الْمَاءَ طَهُورٌ، لَا يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ»\n\n١٨١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: اخْتَلَفُوا فِي اسْمِ ابْنِ رَافِعٍ هَذَا، فَقِيلَ: عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، وَقِيلَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي اسْمِ أَبِيهِ أَيْضًا، فَقِيلَ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَقِيلَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ⦗٧٩⦘،\n\n١٨١٩ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ","vol":"2","page":78},{"text":"١٨٢٠ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ قَالَ: «سَقَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِيَدِي مِنْ بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ»\n\n١٨٢١ - وَهَذَا الرَّجُلُ هُوَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى،\n\n١٨٢٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَأَبُوهُ ثِقَةٌ،\n\n١٨٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّاغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَحْرِ بْنِ بَرِّيٍّ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، مِثْلَهُ\n\n١٨٢٤ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: زَعَمَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، أَنَّ بِئْرَ بُضَاعَةَ كَانَتْ طَرِيقًا لِلْمَاءِ إِلَى الْبَسَاتِينَ، فَكَانَ الْمَاءُ لَا يَسْتَقِرُّ فِيهَا، وَحَكَاهُ عَنِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ،\n\n١٨٢٥ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ، لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ فِيمَا يُسْنِدُهُ، فَكَيْفَ بِمَا يُرْسِلُهُ.\n\n١٨٢٦ - ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ،\n\n١٨٢٧ - وَكَذَّبَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ،\n\n١٨٢٨ - وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٨٢٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ ⦗٨٠⦘ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كُتُبُ الْوَاقِدِيِّ كَذِبٌ.\n\n١٨٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَذَلِكَ لِكَثْرَةَ مَا وُجِدَ فِي رِوَايَاتِهِ مِنْ مُخَالَفَةِ الثِّقَاتِ،\n\n١٨٣١ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي حُكِيَ عَنْهُ فِي بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَمَشْهُورٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ حَالُ بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ بِخِلَافِ مَا حُكِيَ عَنْهُ","vol":"2","page":79},{"text":"١٨٣٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ قَيِّمَ بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ، عَنْ عُمْقِهَا قَالَ: أَكْثَرُ مَا يَكُونُ فِيهَا الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْعَانَةِ، قُلْتُ فَإِذَا نَقَصَ قَالَ: دُونَ الْعَوْزَةِ \"\n\n١٨٣٣ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَقَدَّرْتُ بِئْرَ بُضَاعَةَ بِرِدَائِي مَدَدْتُهُ عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ ذَرَعْتُ فَإِذَا عَرْضُهَا: سِتَّةُ أَذْرُعٍ.\n\n١٨٣٤ - وَسَأَلْتُ الَّذِي فَتْحَ لِي بَابَ الْبُسْتَانِ فَأَدْخَلَنِي إِلَيْهِ، هَلْ غُيِّرَ مَاؤُهَا عَمَّا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: لَا.\n\n١٨٣٥ - وَرَأَيْتُ فِيهَا مَاءً مُتَغَيِّرَ اللَّوْنِ. هَذَا كُلُّهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَاءَ كَانَ لَا يَجْرِي مِنْهَا، وَأَنَّ مَاءَهَا كَانَ مُسْتَقِرًّا فِيهَا، يَتَغَيَّرُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَوْقَاتِ، إِمَّا بِطُولِ الْمُكْثِ، وَإِمَّا بِمَا يَقَعُ فِيهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":80},{"text":"١٨٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: بِئْرُ بُضَاعَةَ كَثِيرَةُ الْمَاءِ، وَاسِعَةٌ كَانَ يُطْرَحُ فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَنْجَاسِ مَالَا يُغَيِّرُ لَهَا لَوْنًا، وَلَا طَعْمًا. وَلَا يَظْهَرُ فِيهَا رِيحٌ،\n\n١٨٣٧ - وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُجِيبًا: «الْمَاءُ لَا يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ»، يَعْنِي فِي الْمَاءِ مِثْلَهَا ⦗٨١⦘\n\n١٨٣٨ - وَاسْتُدِلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي الْوُلُوغِ","vol":"2","page":80},{"text":"١٨٤٠ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ:\n\n١٨٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، خَرَجَ فِي رَكْبٍ فِيهِمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، حَتَّى وَرَدُوا حَوْضًا فَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَوْضِ: يَا صَاحِبَ الْحَوْضِ، هَلْ تَرِدُ حَوْضَكَ السِّبَاعُ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «يَا صَاحِبَ الْحَوْضِ، لَا تُخْبِرْنَا، فَإِنَّا نَرِدُ عَلَى السِّبَاعِ، وَتَرِدُ عَلَيْنَا»\n\n١٨٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ","vol":"2","page":81},{"text":"١٨٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَرَدَ حَوْضَ مَجِنَّةَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّمَا وَلَغَ الْكَلْبُ فِيهِ آنِفًا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «إِنَّمَا وَلَغَ بِلِسَانِهِ، فَشَرِبَ، أَوْ تَوَضَّأَ»\n\n١٨٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخَطِيبُ الْإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَرَدَ حَوْضَ مَجِنَّةَ. فَذَكَرَ بِنَحْوٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَشَرِبَ وَتَوَضَّأَ","vol":"2","page":81},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-87>بَابُ الْمَاءِ الْكَثِيرِ طَهُورٌ مَا لَمْ تُغَيِّرْهُ النَّجَاسَةُ</span>","vol":"2","page":82},{"text":"١٨٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: وَمَا قُلْتُ: مِنْ أَنَّهُ إِذَا تَغَيَّرَ طَعْمُ الْمَاءِ وَرِيحُهُ، وَلَوْنُهُ كَانَ نَجَسًا، يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ لَا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ إِسْنَادَهُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْعَامَّةِ، لَا أَعْلَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيهِ خِلَافًا","vol":"2","page":82},{"text":"١٨٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّرِيفُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، وَأَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَحْمَشٍ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رِشْدِينُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ رَاشِدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «الْمَاءُ لَا يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ، إِلَّا مَا غَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ طَعْمُهُ أَوْ رِيحُهُ» ⦗٨٣⦘\n\n١٨٤٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ رَاشِدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ: «أَوْ لَوْنُهُ»،\n\n١٨٤٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمُؤَدِّبُ، عَنِ الْأَحْوَصِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ رَاشِدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١٨٤٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، وَرَاشِدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا","vol":"2","page":82},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-88>بَابُ الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ مَا يَنْجُسُ، وَمَا لَا يَنْجُسُ مَا لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ</span>","vol":"2","page":84},{"text":"١٨٥٠ - السُّنَّةُ: وَهِيَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يَحْمِلْ نَجَسًا» أَوْ قَالَ: «خَبَثًا»\n\n١٨٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الثِّقَةُ هُوَ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ أُسَامَةَ الْكُوفِيُّ، فَإِنَّ الْحَدِيثَ مَشْهُوَرٌ بِهِ ⦗٨٥⦘.\n\n١٨٥٢ - وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ فِيَ بَعْضِ الْكُتُبِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ أَخَذَهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ\n\n١٨٥٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، هَكَذَا، وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"2","page":84},{"text":"١٨٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحَارِثِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَاءِ، وَمَا يَنُوبُهُ مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ، وَالسِّبَاعِ؟، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يَحْمِلِ الْخَبَثَ»\n\n١٨٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحَارِثِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ.\n\n١٨٥٦ - فَهُوَ ذَا قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحَارِثِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَلَى الْوَجْهَيْنِ جَمِيعًا ⦗٨٦⦘.\n\n١٨٥٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ\n\n١٨٥٨ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْعَلَاءِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ.\n\n١٨٥٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُثْمَانَ ابْنَيْ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، فَقَالَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ.\n\n١٨٦٠ - فَثَبَتَ بِذَلِكَ رِوَايَةُ عُثْمَانَ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى الْوَجْهَيْنِ جَمِيعًا،\n\n١٨٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الصُّرَيْفِينِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ، مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُبَشِّرٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٨٦٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ ﵀، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ سَعْدَانَ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ.\n\n١٨٦٣ - فَالْحَدِيثُ مَحْفُوظٌ عَنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا، إِلَّا أَنَّ غَيْرَ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ يَرْوِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٨٦٤ - وَكَانَ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ يَقُولُ: الْحَدِيثُ مَحْفُوظٌ عَنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا، وَكِلَاهُمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٨٦٥ - وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَكَانَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، ﵀ يَقُولُ ⦗٨٧⦘: غَلَطَ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٨٦٦ - إِلَّا أَنَّ عِيسَى بْنَ يُونُسَ أَرْسَلَهُ،\n\n١٨٦٧ - وَرَأَيْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْكِسَائِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، مَوْصُولًا،\n\n١٨٦٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبَّادُ بْنُ صُهَيْبٍ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ، وَقَالَ: عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"2","page":85},{"text":"١٨٦٩ - وَالْحَدِيثُ مُسْنَدٌ فِي الْأَصْلِ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، عَنِ الْمَاءِ يَكُونُ بِأَرْضِ الْفَلَاةِ، وَمَا يَنُوبُهُ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ، وَالدَّوَابِّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يَحْمِلِ الْخَبَثَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ مُنِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ⦗٨٨⦘.\n\n١٨٧٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُرَبَّحٍ الْبَزَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٨٧١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمُ: السِّبَاعُ، وَالْكِلَابُ.\n\n١٨٧٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمُ: الْكِلَابُ، وَالدَّوَابُّ،\n\n١٨٧٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، تَوَكَّدَ مَا قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ،\n\n١٨٧٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رِوَايَةُ عَاصِمِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ","vol":"2","page":87},{"text":"١٨٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا، لَمْ يَحْمِلْ نَجَسًا»\n\n١٨٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهُ شَيْءٌ»\n\n١٨٧٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،\n\n١٨٧٨ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْهُ أَخَذَهُ، أَوْ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْهُ ⦗٨٩⦘،\n\n١٨٧٩ - وَقَوْلُهُ: أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ. شَكٌّ وَقَعَ لِبَعْضِ الرُّوَاةِ،\n\n١٨٨٠ - فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، وَيَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، وَبِشْرُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، وَالْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الْمَكِّيُّ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَيْشِيُّ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَقَالُوا فِيهِ: «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يَنْجُسْ». وَلَمْ يَقُولُوا: «أَوْ ثَلَاثًا»\n\n١٨٨١ - قَالَهُ: أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْهُ","vol":"2","page":88},{"text":"١٨٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي «كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ» قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْجُسُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٨٨٣ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ مَوْصُولٌ،\n\n١٨٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا جَيِّدُ الْإِسْنَادِ، قِيلَ لَهُ: فَإِنَّ ابْنَ عُلَيَّةَ، لَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ، قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحْفَظْهُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ فَالْحَدِيثُ حَدِيثٌ جَيِّدُ الْإِسْنَادِ، وَهُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ يَعْنِي: يَحْيَى فِي قِصَّةِ الْمَاءِ لَا يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ","vol":"2","page":89},{"text":"١٨٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ قَالَ: قَرَأْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ»\n\n١٨٨٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ شَكَّ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ\n\n١٨٨٧ - وَالرَّجُلُ هُوَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يُؤَكِّدُ قَوْلَ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَنْظَلِيِّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":90},{"text":"١٨٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ، بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا يَحْضُرُنِي حِفْظُهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يَحْمِلْ نَجَسًا»\n\n١٨٨٩ - قَالَ: وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: «بِقِلَالِ هَجَرَ»\n\n١٨٩٠ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قَدْ رَأَيْتُ قِلَالَ هَجَرَ: وَالْقُلَّةُ تَسَعُ قِرْبَتَيْنِ، أَوْ قِرْبَتَيْنِ وَشَيْئًا.\n\n١٨٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقِرَبُ الْحِجَازِ قَدِيمًا وَحَدِيثًا كِبَارٌ لِحَجْزِ الْمَاءِ بِهَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ خَمْسَ قِرَبٍ كِبَارٍ لَمْ يَحْمِلْ نَجَسًا، وَذَلِكَ قُلَّتَانِ بِقِلَالِ هَجَرَ،\n\n١٨٩٢ - هَذَا قَوْلُهُ عَلَى الْحَدِيثِ، فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ.\n\n١٨٩٣ - فَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي «كِتَابَةِ الطَّهَارَةِ» فَقَدْ خَرَّجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"2","page":90},{"text":"١٨٩٤ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ، أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ عَقِيلٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ يَعْمُرَ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يَحْمِلُ نَجَسًا وَلَا بَأْسًا»\n\n١٨٩٥ - قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ عَقِيلٍ: قِلَالُ هَجَرَ، قَالَ: قِلَالُ هَجَرَ،\n\n١٨٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٨٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قُرَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٨٩٨ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ عَقِيلٍ: أَيُّ قِلَالٍ؟ قَالَ: قِلَالُ هَجَرَ\n\n١٨٩٩ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: فَرَأَيْتُ قِلَالَ هَجَرَ، فَأَظُنُّ كُلَّ قُلَّةٍ تَأْخُذُ قِرْبَتَيْنِ.\n\n١٩٠٠ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ: مُحَمَّدٌ هَذَا الَّذِي حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ عَقِيلٍ\n\n١٩٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقِلَالُ هَجَرَ، كَانَتْ مَشْهُوَرَةً عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ،\n\n١٩٠٢ - وَلِشُهْرَتِهَا عِنْدَهُمْ شَبَّهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا رَأَى لَيْلَةَ الْمِعْرَاجِ مِنْ نَبْقِ سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى، بِقِلَالِ هَجَرَ، فَقَالَ: فِيمَا رَوَى عَنْهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ صَعْصَعَةَ: «رُفِعَتْ إِلَيَّ سِدْرَةُ الْمُنْتَهَى، فَإِذَا وَرَقُهَا مِثْلُ آذَانِ الْفِيَلَةِ، وَإِذَا نَبْقُهَا مِثْلُ قِلَالِ هَجَرَ» ⦗٩٢⦘.\n\n١٩٠٣ - وَاعْتَذَارُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ فِي تَرْكِ الْحَدِيثِ أَصْلًا، بِأَنَّهُ لَا يَعْلَمُ مِقْدَارَ الْقُلَّتَيْنِ، لَا يَكُونُ عُذْرًا عِنْدَ مَنْ أَعَلَّهُ،\n\n١٩٠٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ تَرْكُ الْقَوْلِ بِبَعْضِ الْحَدِيثِ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ، لَا يُوجِبُ تَرْكُهُ، فِيمَا لَمْ يُجْمَعْ عَلَيْهِ، وَتوْقِيتُهُ بِالْقُلَّتَيْنِ يَمْنَعُ مِنْ حَمْلِهِ عَلَى الْمَاءِ الْجَارِي عَلَى أَصْلِهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-89>بَابُ نَزْحِ بِئْرِ زَمْزَمَ وَغَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْآبَارِ</span>","vol":"2","page":93},{"text":"١٩٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ ⦗٩٤⦘ دِينَارٍ: «أَنَّ زِنْجِيًّا وَقَعَ فِي زَمْزَمَ، فَمَاتَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَأُخْرِجَ، فَسَدَّ عُيُونُهَا فَنُزِحَتْ»،\n\n١٩٠٦ - وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ مُرْسَلًا: أَنَّ زِنْجِيًّا وَقَعَ فِي زَمْزَمَ، فَمَاتَ، فَأَمَرَهُمُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِنَزْحِهِ،\n\n١٩٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ: مَرَّةً عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمَرَّةً، عَنِ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، نَفْسِهِ: أَنَّ غُلَامًا وَقَعَ فِي زَمْزَمَ، فَنُزِحَتْ\n\n١٩٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، بِمَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ\n\n١٩٠٩ - وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ،\n\n١٩١٠ - وَجَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِمَا\n\n١٩١١ - وَقَتَادَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مُرْسَلٌ،\n\n١٩١٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مُرْسَلٌ.\n\n١٩١٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ: «أَمَرَ بِنَزْحِ مَائِهَا» ⦗٩٥⦘،\n\n١٩١٤ - وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ\n\n١٩١٥ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ: أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا نَعْرِفُهُ، وَزَمْزَمُ عِنْدَنَا، مَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَذَا","vol":"2","page":93},{"text":"١٩١٦ - قُلْتُ: وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّا بِمَكَّةَ مُنْذُ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً، لَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا، صَغِيرًا وَلَا كَبِيرًا، يَعْرِفُ حَدِيثَ الزَّنْجِيِّ، الَّذِي قَالُوا أَنَّهُ: مَاتَ فِي زَمْزَمَ، وَمَا سَمِعْتُ أَحَدًا يَقُولُ: بِنَزْحِ زَمْزَمَ\n\n١٩١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شِيرَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا قُدَامَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ، يَقُولُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":95},{"text":"١٩١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: قَدْ رُوِّيتُمْ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «الْمَاءُ لَا يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ»\n\n١٩١٩ - أَفَتَرَى أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَرْوِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، خَبَرًا، وَنَتْرُكُهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ رِوَايَتُهُ،\n\n١٩٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ.\n\n١٩٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَرْوُونَ عَنْهُ ⦗٩٦⦘ أَنَّهُ تَوَضَّأَ مِنْ غَدِيرٍ يُدَافِعُ جِيفَةً،\n\n١٩٢٢ - وَيَرْوُونَ عَنْهُ: الْمَاءُ لَا يَنْجُسُ،\n\n١٩٢٣ - فَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ هَذَا صَحِيحًا، فَهُوَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَنْزِحْ زَمْزَمَ لِلنَّجَاسَةِ، وَلَكِنْ لِلتَّنْظِيفِ إِنْ كَانَ فَعَلَ، وَزَمْزَمُ لِلشُّرْبِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الدَّمُ ظَهَرَ عَلَى الْمَاءِ حَتَّى رُئِيَ فِيهِ","vol":"2","page":95},{"text":"١٩٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ بْنُ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ: عَنْ مَاءِ الْحَمَّامِ قَالَ:  «الْمَاءُ لَا يَنْجُسُ»","vol":"2","page":96},{"text":"١٩٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخَطِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: \" أَرْبَعٌ لَا يَنْجُسْنَ: الْإِنْسَانُ، وَالْمَاءُ، وَالثَّوْبُ، وَالْأَرْضُ \"\n\n١٩٢٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي بَعْضِ كُتُبِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةِ، وَقَالَ: أَرْبَعٌ لَا يُجْنِبْنَ. فَذَكَرَ الْمَاءَ وَالْأَرْضَ","vol":"2","page":96},{"text":"١٩٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَلَاغًا، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْوَاسِطِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: فِي الْفَأْرَةِ تَقَعُ فِي الْبِئْرِ. فَتَمُوتُ قَالَ: «يُنْزَحُ حَتَّى تَغْلِبَهُمْ»،\n\n١٩٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا، وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا.\n\n١٩٢٩ - أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ: بِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ قُلَّتَيْنِ، لَمْ يَحْمِلْ نَجَسًا»\n\n١٩٣٠ - وَأَمَّا هُمْ فَيَقُولُونَ: يُنْزَحُ مِنْهَا عِشْرُونَ، أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ دَلْوًا ⦗٩٧⦘\n\n١٩٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مُنْقَطِعٌ\n\n١٩٣٢ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، فَقِيلَ: هَكَذَا وَقِيلَ: عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ مَيْسَرَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٩٣٣ - وَقِيلَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ","vol":"2","page":96},{"text":"١٩٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ:  «إِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْفَأْرَةُ فِي الْبِئْرِ فَمَاتَتْ فِيهَا، نُزِحَ مِنْهَا دَلْوٌ أَوْ دَلْوَانِ. فَإِنْ تَنَفَّخَتْ، نُزِحَ مِنْهَا خَمْسَةٌ أَوْ سَبْعَةٌ»\n\n١٩٣٥ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"2","page":97},{"text":"١٩٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ جَوَابًا عَنِ احْتِجَاجِ مَنِ احْتَجَّ بِالْأَثَرِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قُلْتُ: فَتُخَالِفُ مَا جَاءَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَى قَوْلِ غَيْرِهِ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قُلْتُ: قَدْ فَعَلْتَ، وَخَالَفْتَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: «إِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْفَأْرَةُ فِي الْبِئْرِ، نُزِحَ مِنْهَا سَبْعَةُ أَوْ خَمْسَةُ أَدْلَاءَ»، وَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهَا لَا تَطْهُرُ إِلَّا بِعِشْرِينَ أَوْ ثَلَاثِينَ، وَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، نَزَحَ زَمْزَمَ مِنْ زِنْجِيٍّ وَقَعَ فِيهَا، وَأَنْتَ تَقُولُ: يَكْفِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعُونَ أَوْ سِتُّونَ دَلْوًا، وَهَذَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ\n\n١٩٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَرَكَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ الْقَوْلَ بِحَدِيثِ بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ، وَحَمَلَهَا عَلَى مَا يَعْلَمُ جِيرَانُ بِئْرِ بُضَاعَةَ مِنْ حَالِهَا خِلَافَ مَا قَالَ ⦗٩٨⦘،\n\n١٩٣٨ - وَتَرَكَ حَدِيثَ الْقُلَّتَيْنِ. وَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ الَّذِي يَجْرِي، وَلَا مَعْنَى لِلْقَدْرِ فِيهِ عِنْدَهُ، إِذَا كَانَ جَارِيًا.\n\n١٩٣٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَإِسْنَادُهُمَا مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَقُولُ بِمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْفَأْرَةِ،\n\n١٩٤٠ - ثُمَّ رَوَى عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي السِّنَّوْرِ، وَنَحْوِهَا، يُنْزَحُ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ دَلْوًا، وَفِي الدَّجَاجَةِ يُنْزَحُ سَبْعُونَ دَلْوًا،\n\n١٩٤١ - وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي السِّنَّوْرِ، وَالْجَرَادِ: أَرْبَعُونَ دَلْوًا، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: يُنْزَحُ مِنْهَا دِلَاءٌ،\n\n١٩٤٢ - وَعَنْ حَمَّادٍ فِي الدَّجَاجَةِ: أَرْبَعُونَ أَوْ خَمْسُونَ،\n\n١٩٤٣ - وَتَرَكَ حَدِيثَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمْ يَقُلْ بِهِ،\n\n١٩٤٤ - وَتَرَكَ الْأَثَرَ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَلَمْ يَقُلْ بِهِ.\n\n١٩٤٥ - ثُمَّ رَوَى أَقَاوِيلَ، بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، فَخَالَفَهُمْ فِي بَعْضِهَا، وَأَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي الْمَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ، تَقْدِيرًا لَازِمًا،\n\n١٩٤٦ - ثُمَّ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ يَتَّبِعُ الْآثَارَ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا رَوَيْنَا يَتْرُكُهَا. وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ","vol":"2","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-90>بَابُ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ</span>","vol":"2","page":99},{"text":"١٩٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبِلَالٌ، فَذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ قَالَ أُسَامَةُ: فَسَأَلْتُ بِلَالًا: مَاذَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ بِلَالٌ: «ذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ، فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ، وَمَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ، وَمَسَحَ ⦗١٠٠⦘ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ»\n\n١٩٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَكَذَا، وَجَدْتُهُ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ، وَفِي الْمُسْنَدِ، وَقَدْ سَقَطَ مِنْهُ: الْأَسْوَاقُ\n\n١٩٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، وَقَالَ: «دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَسْوَاقَ، فَذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ»، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٩٥٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَقَالَ: «دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْأَسْوَاقَ، فَذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ وَمَعَهُ بِلَالٌ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ»، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٩٥١ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ.\n\n١٩٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ بِلَالٍ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ فِي الْحَضَرِ، لِأَنَّ بِلَالًا حَمَلَ فِي الْحَضَرِ","vol":"2","page":99},{"text":"١٩٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ غَزَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَزْوَةَ تَبُوكَ، قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ ⦗١٠١⦘: فَتَبَرَّزَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قِبَلَ الْغَائِطِ، فَحَمَلْتُ مَعَهُ إِدَاوَةً قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَخَذْتُ أُهَرِيقُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِدَاوَةِ. وَهُوَ يَغْسِلُ يَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يَحْسِرُ جُبَّتَهُ، عَنْ ذِرَاعَيْهِ. فَضَاقَ كُمَّا جُبَّتِهِ، فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي الْجُبَّةِ. حَتَّى أَخْرَجَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ الْجُبَّةِ، وَغَسَلَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ. قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ: فَأَقْبَلْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى يَجِدَ النَّاسَ قَدَّمُوا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ قَدْ صَلَّى لَهُمْ، فَأَدْرَكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، إِحْدَى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ مَعَهُ، وَصَلَّى مَعَ النَّاسِ الرَّكْعَةَ الْآخِرَةَ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَتَمَّ صَلَاتَهُ، فَأَفْزَعَ ذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَكْثَرُوا التَّسْبِيحَ. فَلَمَّا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ، أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَحْسَنْتُمْ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «أَصَبْتُمْ»، يَغْبِطُهُمْ أَنْ صَلُّوا الصَّلَاةَ لِوَقْتِهَا\n\n١٩٥٤ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَحَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ عَبَّادٍ\n\n١٩٥٥ - قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ: فَأَرَدْتُ تَأْخِيرَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «دَعْهُ»،\n\n١٩٥٦ - لَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ خَالِدٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ وَحْدَهُ.\n\n١٩٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: مَسَحَ الْمُسَافِرُ، وَالْمُقِيمُ مَعًا ⦗١٠٢⦘.\n\n١٩٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْحُلْوَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ.\n\n١٩٥٩ - وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فِي مَسَحِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي سَفَرِهِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كَثِيرَةٍ، قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا بَعْضَهَا فِي «كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ»","vol":"2","page":100},{"text":"١٩٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ وَلَدُ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «ذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ، وَمَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَصَلَّى»،\n\n١٩٦١ - قَصَرَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ: فَرَوَاهُ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١٩٦٢ - وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَبَّادُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ.\n\n١٩٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهِمَ مَالِكٌ، ﵀ فَقَالَ: عَبَّادُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مَوْلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ\n\n١٩٦٤ - وَهَذَا مِمَّا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى الصَّيْدَلَانِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ حِكَايَةً عَنْ غَيْرِهِ","vol":"2","page":102},{"text":"١٩٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُمَا أَخْبَرَاهُ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ قَدِمَ الْكُوفَةَ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَهُوَ أَمِيرُهَا، فَرَآهُ يَمْسَحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ: سَلْ أَبَاكَ. فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «إِذَا أَدْخَلْتَ رِجْلَيْكَ فِي الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَهُمَا طَاهِرَتَانِ، فَامْسَحْ عَلَيْهِمَا» قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: وَإِنْ جَاءَ أَحَدُنَا الْغَائِطَ؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ جَاءَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ»\n\n١٩٦٧ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ\n\n١٩٦٨ - وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n١٩٦٩ - وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ،\n\n١٩٧٠ - وَحُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ ⦗١٠٤⦘.\n\n١٩٧١ - وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ حَدِيثَ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ.\n\n١٩٧٢ - وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٩٧٣ - وَبُرَيْدَةَ بْنِ حُصَيْبٍ ⦗١٠٥⦘،\n\n١٩٧٤ - وَبِلَالٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ","vol":"2","page":103},{"text":"١٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: «بَالَ بِالسُّوقِ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ، وَمَسَحَ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى»","vol":"2","page":105},{"text":"١٩٧٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رُقَيْشِ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، أَتَى قُبَاءَ، فَبَالَ، وَتَوَضَّأَ، وَمَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى»","vol":"2","page":105},{"text":"١٩٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ رَبَاحِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ بِقُبَاءَ، فَبَالَ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ذَكَرَهُ بِالْجِدَارِ، وَتَوَضَّأَ، وَمَسَحَ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَسْجِدَ قُبَاءَ فَصَلَّى»","vol":"2","page":105},{"text":"١٩٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّهُ:  «رَأَى أَبَاهُ يَمْسَحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ»","vol":"2","page":105},{"text":"١٩٧٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَضَعُ الَّذِي يَمْسَحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ يَدًا مِنْ فَوْقِ الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَيَدًا مِنْ تَحْتِ الْخُفَّيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَمْسَحُ \" ⦗١٠٦⦘\n\n١٩٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْمَسْحِ عِنْدَنَا خِلَافٌ»\n\n١٩٨١ - قَالَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، صَاحِبُ الْخِلَافِيَّاتِ\n\n١٩٨٢ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ: «كَرِهَ الْمَسْحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ»، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٩٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا رُوِيَ كَرَاهِيَةُ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٩٨٤ - أَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَبَقَ الْكِتَابُ الْمَسْحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ،\n\n١٩٨٥ - وَلَمْ يُرْوَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ مَوْصُولٍ صَحِيحٍ تَقُومُ بِهِ الْحُجَّةُ،\n\n١٩٨٦ - وَأَمَّا عَائِشَةُ، فَإِنَّهَا كَرِهَتْ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْ أَنَّهَا تَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁، وَعَلِيٌّ أَخْبَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: بِالرُّخْصَةَ فِيهِ، فِي رِوَايَةِ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ عَنْهُ ⦗١٠٧⦘،\n\n١٩٨٧ - وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: سَبَقَ الْكِتَابُ الْمَسْحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ فِي رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنْهُ.\n\n١٩٨٨ - ثُمَّ رَوَى عَنْهُ مُوسَى بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِيهِ،\n\n١٩٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ أَيْضًا عَطَاءٌ","vol":"2","page":105},{"text":"١٩٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ ذَهَبَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى أَنَّهُ، قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «سَبَقَ الْكِتَابُ الْمَسْحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ». فَالْمَائِدَةُ نَزَلَتْ قَبْلَ الْمَسْحِ الْمُثْبَتِ بِالْحِجَازِ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ.\n\n١٩٩١ - وَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فُرِضَ الْوُضُوءُ قَبْلَ الْوُضُوءِ الَّذِي مَسَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَهُ، أَوْ فُرِضَ وُضُوءٌ بَعْدَهُ فَنُسِخَ بِالْمَسْحِ فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِفَرْضِ وُضُوءَيْنِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، فَإِنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ فَرْضَ الْوُضُوءِ إِلَّا وَاحِدًا،\n\n١٩٩٢ - وَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مَسَحَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ عَلَيْهِ الْوُضُوءُ، فَقَدْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ بِلَا وُضُوءٍ، وَلَا نَعْلَمُهَا كَانَتْ قَطُّ إِلَّا بِوُضُوءٍ، فَأَيُّ كِتَابٍ سَبَقَ الْمَسْحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ؟\n\n١٩٩٣ - الْمَسْحُ كَمَا وَصَفْنَا مِنَ الِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِالسُّنَّةَ، كَمَنْ أَدْخَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ فِي الْخُفَّيْنِ بِكَمَالِ الطَّهَارَةِ، وَفَرَضَ غَسْلَ الْقَدَمَيْنِ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَلَى بَعْضِ الْمُتَوَضِّئِينَ دُونَ بَعْضٍ","vol":"2","page":107},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-91>بَابُ وَقْتِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ</span>","vol":"2","page":108},{"text":"١٩٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْمُهَاجِرُ أَبُو مَخْلَدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ أَرْخَصَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ أَنْ يَمْسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ، وَلِلْمُقِيمِ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً»\n\n١٩٩٥ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا تَطَهَّرَ، فَلَبِسَ خُفَّيْهِ، أَنْ يَمْسَحَ عَلَيْهِمَا\n\n١٩٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ: فَلَبِسَ خُفَّيْهِ أَنْ يَمْسَحَ عَلَيْهِمَا. فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَدْ غَلِطَ فِيهِ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، فَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَزَادَ فِي ⦗١٠٩⦘ أَوَّلِهِ: أَنْ يَمْسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ\n\n١٩٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقِ هُوَ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ، وَبِشْرُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «إِذَا تَطَهَّرَ، وَلَبِسَ خُفَّيْهِ، أَنْ يَمْسَحَ عَلَيْهِمَا» وَلَمْ يَقُلْ فِي أَوَّلِهِ أَنْ يَمْسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ،\n\n١٩٩٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، وَحَرْمَلَةُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ سَائِرُ النَّاسِ مَوْصُولًا بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"2","page":108},{"text":"١٩٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ ابْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ عَسَّالٍ الْمُرَادِيَّ، فَقَالَ: مَا جَاءَ بِكَ؟ قُلْتُ: ابْتِغَاءَ الْعِلْمِ، قَالَ: إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَضَعُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا لِطَالِبِ الْعِلْمِ، رِضًا بِمَا يَطْلُبُ، قُلْتُ إِنَّهُ: حَاكَ فِي نَفْسِي: الْمَسْحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ بَعْدَ الْغَائِطِ، وَالْبَوْلِ، وَكُنْتُ امْرَأً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَتَيْتُكَ أَسْأَلُكَ: هَلْ سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا؟ -\n\n[١١٠]- قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَأْمُرُنَا إِذَا كُنَّا سُفُرًا أَوْ مُسَافِرِينَ، أَلَّا نَنْزِعَ خِفَافَنَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ، إِلَّا مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ، وَلَكَنْ مِنْ غَائِطٍ، وَبَوْلٍ، وَنَوْمٍ»\n٢٠٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذْنَا فِي التَّوْقِيتِ بِحَدِيثِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، وَكَانَ إِسْنَادًا صَحِيحًا، وَشَذَّ فِي مَسْحِ الْمُسَافِرِ حَدِيثُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَسَّالٍ\n\n٢٠٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ الْعِلَلِ لِأَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ: سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدًا يَعْنِي الْبُخَارِيَّ، قُلْتُ: أَيُّ حَدِيثٍ أَصَحُّ عِنْدَكَ، فِي التَّوْقِيتِ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، فَقَالَ: حَدِيثُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَسَّالٍ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ: حَسَنٌ\n\n٢٠٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ مَسْحَ الْمُقِيمِ فَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: كُنْتُ فِي الْجَيْشِ الَّذِينَ بَعَثَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نَمْسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، إِذَا نَحْنُ أَدْخَلْنَاهُمَا عَلَى طُهْرٍ ثَلَاثًا إِذَا سَافَرْنَا، وَلَيْلَةً إِذَا أَقَمْنَا ⦗١١١⦘،\n\n٢٠٠٣ - وَحَدِيثُ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي التَّوْقِيتِ، مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ حَجَّاجٍ، فَهُوَ أَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ عِنْدَهُ","vol":"2","page":109},{"text":"٢٠٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ الضَّرِيرُ،\n\n٢٠٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُخَيْمِرَةَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ عَنِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، فَقَالَتِ: ائْتِ عَلِيًّا، فَإِنَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مِنِّي. فَأَتَيْتُ عَلِيًّا، فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ نَمْسَحَ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً، وَلِلْمُسَافِرِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n٢٠٠٦ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبَى خَيْثَمَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمُلَائِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ لِلْمُسَافِرِ، وَلَيْلَةً وَيَوْمًا لِلْمُقِيمِ\n\n٢٠٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمُلَائِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ مُخْتَصَرًا ⦗١١٢⦘\n\n٢٠٠٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ فِي «كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ»","vol":"2","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-92>بَابُ مَنْ قَالَ بِتَرْكِ التَّوْقِيتِ فِي الْمَسْحِ</span>","vol":"2","page":113},{"text":"٢٠٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَالَ عَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِنَا بِمِسْحِ الْمُسَافِرِ وَالْمُقِيمِ، مَا لَمْ يُجْنِبْ، وَلَا وَقْتَ فِي ذَلِكَ،\n\n٢٠١٠ - بَلَغَنَا ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ\n\n٢٠١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، مَوْلَى بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، عَنْ زُبَيْدِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ ⦗١١٤⦘:  «إِذَا أَدْخَلْتَ رِجْلَيْكَ فِي الْخُفَّيْنِ فَامْسَحْ عَلَيْهِمَا، مَا بَدَا لَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ»\n\n٢٠١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ صَاعِدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَسَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":113},{"text":"٢٠١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ لَهُ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ:  «مَسَحَ مِنْ مِصْرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَصَبْتَ»\n\n٢٠١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَغَيْرُهُ","vol":"2","page":114},{"text":"٢٠١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ الْبَلَوِيِّ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ رَبَاحٍ اللَّخْمِيَّ، يُخْبِرُ، أَنَّ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيَّ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِفَتْحٍ مِنَ الشَّامِ، وَعَلَيَّ خُفَّانِ لِي جَرْمَقَانِيَّانِ، غَلِيظَانِ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمَا عُمَرُ، فَقَالَ: «كَمْ لَكَ مُنْذُ لَمْ تَنْزِعْهُمَا؟»، قُلْتُ: لَبِسْتُهُمَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَالْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، ثَمَانٌ، قَالَ: «أَصَبْتَ»\n\n٢٠١٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مُفَضَّلُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ فِيهِ: أَصَبْتَ السُّنَّةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ مُوسَى بْنُ عُلَيِّ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"2","page":114},{"text":"٢٠١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: كَانَ لَا يُوَقِّتُ \"\n\n٢٠١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ.\n\n٢٠١٩ - وَضَعَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْأَثَرَ فِي التَّوْقِيتِ، بِأَنَّهُ حَمَلَهُ رِجَالٌ مَعْرُوفُونَ، عَنْ قَوْمٍ فِيهِمُ الْمَجْهُولُونَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَلَهُ وَجْهٌ","vol":"2","page":115},{"text":"٢٠٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: زَعَمَ رَجُلٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْأَوْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهُذَلِيِّ، عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْخَطْمِيِّ، قَالَ: رَخَّصَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَمْسَحَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَلَوْ سَأَلْنَاهُ أَنْ يَزِيدَنَا لَزَادَنَا \"\n\n٢٠٢١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَذْكُرُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ أَوْ شَبَهَهُ.\n\n٢٠٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «سَأَلْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَخَّصَ لَنَا فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ لِلْمُسَافِرِ» وَلَوِ اسْتَزَدْنَاهُ لَزَادَنَا\n\n٢٠٢٣ - وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: رُخِّصَ لَنَا ⦗١١٦⦘،\n\n٢٠٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، وَجَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"2","page":115},{"text":"٢٠٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n٢٠٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْجَدَلِيِّ، عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يَمْسَحُ الْمُسَافِرُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَالْمُقِيمُ يَوْمًا» وَلَوِ اسْتَزَدْتُهُ لَزَادَنَا. لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى\n\n٢٠٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَلَوْ سَأَلْنَاهُ أَنْ يَزِيدَنَا لَزَادَنَا. عَلَى مَعْنَى: لَوْ سَأَلْنَاهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا الْجَوَّابُ عَلَى الْمَسْأَلَةِ. وَأَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ،\n\n٢٠٢٨ - وَضَعَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا الْأَثَرَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَائِشَةَ، بِأَنَّهُمَا يُنْكِرَانِ الْمَسْحَ","vol":"2","page":116},{"text":"٢٠٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «لَأَنْ يُقْطَعَا - تَعْنِي رِجْلَيْهَا - أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَمْسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ»","vol":"2","page":116},{"text":"٢٠٣٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي رَجُلٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «سَبَقَ الْكِتَابُ الْمَسْحَ»\n\n٢٠٣١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «سَبَقَ الْكِتَابُ الْمَسْحَ».\n\n٢٠٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، حَدِيثٌ فِي التَّوْقِيتِ، كَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ، لَا فِي غَيْرِهِ، وَلَا فِي الْقِيَاسِ\n\n٢٠٣٣ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ: رَجَعَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ إِلَى ⦗١١٨⦘ التَّوْقِيتِ فِي الْمَسْحِ لِلْمُقِيمِ يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ، وَلِلْمُسَافِرِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ، عِنْدَنَا بِبَغْدَادَ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْهَا\n\n٢٠٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: التَّوْقِيتُ فِي الْمَسْحِ ثَابِتٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٠٣٥ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو بَكْرَةَ، وَصَفْوَانُ بْنُ عَسَّالٍ، وَعَوْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٢٠٣٦ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَكَأَنَّهُ جَاءَهُ الثَّبَتُ فِي التَّوْقِيتِ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ،\n\n٢٠٣٧ - ثُمَّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مِمَّنْ يُنْكِرُ الْمَسْحَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ الثَّبَتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ بِهِ ⦗١١٩⦘،\n\n٢٠٣٨ - وَعَائِشَةُ أَحَالَتْ فِي عِلْمِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى غَيْرِهَا، وَلَمْ يَصِحَّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، مِنْ إِنْكَارِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ،\n\n٢٠٣٩ - وَحَدِيثُ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، إِسْنَادُهُ مُضْطَرِبٌ، وَمَعَ ذَاكَ فَمَا لَمْ يَرِدْ لَا يَصِيرُ سُنَّةً.\n\n٢٠٤٠ - وَحَدِيثُ أُبَيِّ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَمْسَحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ». قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَوْمًا قَالَ: «وَيَوْمَيْنِ»، فَقُلْتُ: وَيَوْمَيْنِ قَالَ: «وَثَلَاثَةً». قُلْتُ: وَثَلَاثَةً قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، مَا بَدَا لَكَ»\n\n٢٠٤١ - فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ: قَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ،\n\n٢٠٤٢ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ،\n\n٢٠٤٣ - وَقَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ لَا يَثْبُتُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":117},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-93>بَابُ مَنْ لَهُ الْمَسْحُ</span>","vol":"2","page":120},{"text":"٢٠٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، وَزَكَرِيَّا، وَيُونُسَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتَمْسَحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ إِنِّي أَدْخَلْتُهُمَا، وَهُمَا طَاهِرَتَانِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ،\n\n٢٠٤٥ - وَقَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ صَفْوَانَ، وَأَبِي بَكْرَةَ","vol":"2","page":120},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-94>بَابُ مَا رُوِيَ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى النَّعْلَيْنِ</span>","vol":"2","page":121},{"text":"٢٠٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، بَلَاغًا عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ عَلِيًّا، بَالَ ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ، وَمَسَحَ عَلَى النَّعْلَيْنِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَخَلَعَ نَعْلَيْهِ وَصَلَّى»\n\n٢٠٤٧ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى عَلِيًّا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٢٠٤٨ - فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ\n\n٢٠٤٩ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ مَعْقِلٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٠٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا، وَإِيَّاهُمْ، وَلَا أَحَدَ نَعْلَمُهُ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ\n\n٢٠٥١ - وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِهِمْ عَلِيًّا ﵁ ⦗١٢٢⦘،\n\n٢٠٥٢ - وَحُجَّةُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي وُجُوبِ غَسْلِ الرِّجْلَيْنِ ظَاهَرُ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، وَأَنَّ الْمَسْحَ رُخْصَةٌ لِمَنْ تَغَطَّتْ رِجْلَاهُ بِالْخُفَّيْنِ، فَلَا يَتَعَدَّى بِهَا مَوْضِعَهَا،\n\n٢٠٥٣ - وَالْأَحَادِيثُ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى النَّعْلَيْنِ، عَلَى أَصْلِهِ مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى غَسْلِ الرِّجْلَيْنِ فِيهِمَا، وَالْمَسْحِ عَلَيْهِمَا، كَمَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي النِّعَالِ السِّبْتِيَّةِ الَّتِي لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَعْرٌ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «كَانَ يَلْبَسُهَا وَيَتَوَضَّأُ فِيهَا»،\n\n٢٠٥٤ - وَأَمَّا الْمَسْحُ عَلَى الْجَوْرَبَيْنِ، وَالنَّعْلَيْنِ، فَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو قَيْسٍ الْأَوْدِيُّ، عَنْ هُذَيْلِ بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «مَسَحَ عَلَى جَوْرَبَيْهِ، وَنَعْلَيْهِ»،\n\n٢٠٥٥ - وَذَاكَ حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ، ضَعَّفَهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ،\n\n٢٠٥٦ - وَالْمَعْرُوفُ عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، حَدِيثُ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ،\n\n٢٠٥٧ - وَيُرْوَى عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ، مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُوهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":121},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-95>بَابُ كَيْفَ الْمَسْحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ</span>\n٢٠٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَمَسْحُ الَّذِي يَمْسَحُ: أَعْلَى الْخُفِّ وَأَسْفَلَهُ\n\n٢٠٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُ فِيمَا مَضَى","vol":"2","page":123},{"text":"٢٠٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ كَاتِبِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «مَسَحَ أَعْلَى الْخُفِّ، وَأَسْفَلَهُ» ⦗١٢٤⦘.\n\n٢٠٦١ - وَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، فَذَكَرَهُ نَحْوَهُ،\n\n٢٠٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِنَحْوِهِ","vol":"2","page":123},{"text":"٢٠٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ كَاتِبِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «كَانَ يَمْسَحُ أَعْلَى الْخُفِّ، وَأَسْفَلَهُ»","vol":"2","page":124},{"text":"٢٠٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ يَمْسَحُ أَعْلَى الْخُفِّ، وَأَسْفَلَهُ»،\n\n٢٠٦٥ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"2","page":124},{"text":"٢٠٦٦ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْعَدَنِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: «كَانَ يَمْسَحُ ظُهُوَرَهُمَا، وَبُطُونَهُمَا»\n\n٢٠٦٧ - قَالَ الْعَدَنِيُّ: يَعْنِي الْخُفَّيْنِ.\n\n٢٠٦٨ - وَضَعَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، حَدِيثَ الْمُغِيرَةِ، بِأَنْ لَمْ يُسَمِّ رَجَاءَ بْنَ حَيْوَةَ كَاتَبَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ ⦗١٢٥⦘،\n\n٢٠٦٩ - وَفِيهِ وَجْهٌ مِنَ الضَّعْفِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ الْحُفَّاظَ يَقُولُونَ: لَمْ يَسْمَعْ ثَوْرٌ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ،\n\n٢٠٧٠ - رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ ثَوْرٍ، وَقَالَ: حُدِّثْتُ عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ كَاتَبِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْمُغِيرَةَ.\n\n٢٠٧١ - وَاعْتِمَادُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ عَلَى مَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ﵁.\n\n٢٠٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ: بِمِسْحِ ظَاهِرَيْهِمَا فَقَطْ،\n\n٢٠٧٣ - وَقَالَ: وَقَدْ جَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَوْ كَانَ الدِّينُ بِالرَّأْيِ لَكَانَ الْمَسْحُ عَلَى بَاطِنِ الْخُفَّيْنِ أَوْلَى»\n\n٢٠٧٤ - فَهَذَا إِنْكَارٌ لِلْمَسْحِ عَلَى بَاطِنِهِمَا\n\n٢٠٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَسْنَا نَعْرِفُ هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ.\n\n٢٠٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ مَسَحَ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ، حَتَّى رَأَى آثَارَ أَصَابِعِهِ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ.\n\n٢٠٧٧ - ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَأْمُرُ بِالْمَسْحِ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْخُفَّيْنِ» ⦗١٢٦⦘\n\n٢٠٧٨ - فَأَمَّا اللَّفْظُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ هَذَا الْقَائِلُ عَنْهُ، فَإِنَّمَا نَعْرِفُهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ﵁","vol":"2","page":124},{"text":"٢٠٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: \" لَوْ كَانَ الدِّينُ بِالرَّأْيِ لَكَانَ أَسْفَلُ الْخُفِّ أَوْلَى بِالْمَسْحِ مِنْ أَعْلَاهُ، وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَسَحَ عَلَى ظَاهَرِ خُفَّيْهِ \"\n\n٢٠٨٠ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، يَبْدَأُ بِمُقَدِّمَيْ خُفَّيْهِ، وَأَطْلَقَ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ الْقَدَمَيْنِ، وَالْمُطْلَقُ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى الْمُقَيَّدِ","vol":"2","page":126},{"text":"٢٠٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّوْدَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: تَوَضَّأَ عَلِيٌّ، فَغَسَلَ ظَهْرَ قَدَمَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَمْسَحُ ظَهْرَ قَدَمَيْهِ لَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ بَاطِنَهُمَا أَحَقُّ»\n\n٢٠٨٢ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n٢٠٨٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، بِلَفْظِ الْمَسْحِ فِيهِمَا جَمِيعًا، وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى ظَهْرِ قَدَمَيْ خُفَّيْهِ.\n\n٢٠٨٤ - رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «وَمَسَحَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ قَدَمَيْهِ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ»","vol":"2","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-96>بَابُ الْغُسْلِ لِلْجُمُعَةَ وَغَيْرِهَا</span>","vol":"2","page":127},{"text":"٢٠٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ»\n\n٢٠٨٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ\n\n٢٠٨٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":127},{"text":"٢٠٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n٢٠٨٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الطَّيِّبِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، قَالُوا ⦗١٢٨⦘: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ»","vol":"2","page":127},{"text":"٢٠٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْكُمُ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ» أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"2","page":128},{"text":"٢٠٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَسُفْيَانُ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «غُسْلُ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُحْتَلِمٍ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَعَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":128},{"text":"٢٠٩٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" الْغُسْلُ وَاجِبٌ لَا يُجْزِئُ غَيْرُهُ، وَوَاجِبٌ ⦗١٢٩⦘ فِي الْأَخْلَاقِ، وَوَاجِبٌ فِي الِاخْتِيَارِ وَالنَّظَافَةِ، وَفِي تَغَيُّرِ الرِّيحِ عِنْدَ اجْتِمَاعِ النَّاسِ، كَمَا يَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: وَجَبَ حَقُّكَ، إِذَا رَأَيْتَنِي مَوْضِعًا لِحَاجَتِكَ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا \"\n\n٢٠٩٣ - وَكَانَ هَذَا أَوْلَى مَعْنَيَيْهِ بِهِ لِمُوَافَقَةِ ظَاهَرِ الْقُرْآنِ فِي عُمُومِ الْوُضُوءِ مِنَ الْإِحْدَاثِ، وَخُصُوصِ الْغُسْلِ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، وَالدَّلَالَةُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غُسْلِ الْجُمُعَةِ أَيْضًا","vol":"2","page":128},{"text":"٢٠٩٤ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، الْمَسْجِدَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَخْطُبُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَيَّةُ سَاعَةٍ هَذِهِ؟ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، انْقَلَبْتُ مِنَ السُّوقِ، فَسَمِعْتُ النِّدَاءَ، فَمَا زِدْتُ عَلَى أَنْ تَوَضَّأْتُ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَالْوُضُوءَ أَيْضًا؟ وَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْغُسْلِ»\n\n٢٠٩٥ - هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَرْسَلَهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، وَوَصَلَهُ خَارِجَ الْمُوَطَّأِ، بِذِكْرِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِيهِ","vol":"2","page":129},{"text":"٢٠٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ ⦗١٣٠⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: \" أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، بَيْنَمَا هُوَ قَائِمٌ يَخْطُبُ. إِذْ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ، فَنَادَاهُ عُمَرُ: أَيَّةُ سَاعَةٍ هَذِهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي شُغِلْتُ الْيَوْمَ فَلَمْ أَنْقَلِبْ إِلَى أَهْلِي حَتَّى سَمِعْتُ التَّأْذِينَ، فَلَمْ أَزِدْ عَلَى أَنْ تَوَضَّأْتُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: الْوُضُوءَ أَيْضًا؟ وَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْغُسْلِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٢٠٩٧ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مَوْصُولًا، وَسَمَّى الدَّاخِلَ: عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ\n\n٢٠٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: مِثْلَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَسَمَّى الدَّاخِلَ الْأَوَّلَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ بِغَيْرِ غُسْلٍ، عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ.\n\n٢٠٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَلَمَّا عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ ﵄ عَلِمَا أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِغُسْلِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ بِذِكْرِ عُمَرَ عِلْمَهُ، وَعِلْمَ عُثْمَانَ، وَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ فَيَغْتَسِلْ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ عُمَرُ بِذَلِكَ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ حَضَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَلَّ هَذَا عَلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ ﵄ قَدْ عَلِمَا أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْغُسْلِ، وَعَلَى الْأَحَبِّ لَا عَلَى الْإِيجَابِ ⦗١٣١⦘،\n\n٢١٠٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ عِلْمَ مَنْ سَمِعَ مُخَاطَبَةَ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، مِثْلَ عِلْمِ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ ﵄","vol":"2","page":129},{"text":"٢١٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: \" كَانَ النَّاسُ أَهْلَ عَمَلٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ كُفَاةٌ، فَكَانُوا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ تَغَلٌ فَقِيلَ لَهُمْ: لَوِ اغْتَسَلْتُمْ \" أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.\n\n٢١٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: رُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَبِهَا وَنِعْمَتْ، وَمَنِ اغْتَسَلَ فَالْغُسْلُ أَفْضَلُ»\n\n٢١٠٣ - وَفِيهِ إِسْنَادٌ آخَرُ أَصَحُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":131},{"text":"٢١٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي قَمَّاشٍ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَبِهَا وَنِعْمَتْ، وَمَنِ اغْتَسَلَ فَالْغُسْلُ أَفْضَلُ» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ","vol":"2","page":131},{"text":"٢١٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ السَّكَّرِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَبَّانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْعِجْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْعَطَّارُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ أَبِي، وَأَنَا أَغْتَسِلُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَقَالَ لِي: غُسْلُكَ مِنَ جَنَابَةِ، أَوْ لِلْجُمُعَةِ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مِنَ جَنَابَةٍ، قَالَ: أَعِدْ غُسْلًا آخَرَ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنِ اغْتَسَلَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ كَانَ فِي طَهَارَةٍ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ الْأُخْرَى»\n\n٢١٠٦ - قَالَ الْقَبَّانِيُّ: كَتَبَ عَنِّي هَذَا: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ\n\n٢١٠٧ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِذَا اغْتَسَلَ لَهُمَا جَمِيعًا أَجْزَأَهُ،\n\n٢١٠٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"2","page":132},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-97>بَابُ الْغُسْلِ مِنْ غَسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"2","page":133},{"text":"٢١٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀:  «وَأَوْلَى الْغُسْلِ عِنْدِي أَنْ يُعْمَلَ بَعْدَ غُسْلِ الْجَنَابَةِ، الْغُسْلُ مِنْ غُسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ تَرْكَهُ بِحَالٍ»\n\n٢١١٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا مَنَعَنِي مِنْ إِيجَابِ الْغُسْلِ مِنْ غَسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ أَنَّ فِيَ إِسْنَادِهِ رَجُلًا لَمْ أَقَعْ مِنْ مَعْرِفَةِ ثَبْتِ حَدِيثِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا عَلَى مَا يُقْنِعُنِي،\n\n٢١١١ - فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُ مَنْ يُقْنِعُنِي مِنْ مَعْرِفَةِ ثَبْتِ حَدِيثِهِ أَوْجَبْتُهُ، وَأَوْجَبْتُ الْوُضُوءَ مِنْ مَسِّ الْمَيِّتِ مُفْضِيًا إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّهُمَا فِي حَدِيثٍ وَاحِدٍ،\n\n٢١١٢ - وَقَالَ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يَقْوَ عِنْدِي أَنْ يُرْوَى عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَيُدْخِلَ بَعْضُ الْحُفَّاظِ بَيْنَ أَبِي صَالِحٍ. وَبَيْنَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: إِسْحَاقَ مَوْلَى زَائِدَةَ، فَدُلَّ أَنَّ أَبَا صَالِحٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٢١١٣ - وَلَيْسَ مَعْرِفَتِي بِإِسْحَاقَ مَوْلَى زَائِدَةَ مِثْلَ مَعْرِفَتِي بِأَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ثِقَةً","vol":"2","page":133},{"text":"٢١١٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ صَالِحٌ مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَذَكَرَ الْخَبَرَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، مَوْلَى زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗١٣٤⦘: «مَنْ غَسَّلَ مَيِّتًا اغْتَسَلَ، وَمَنْ حَمَلَهُ تَوَضَّأَ»\n\n٢١١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٢١١٦ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، وَسُئِلَ عَنِ الْغُسْلِ، مِنْ غَسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ، فَقَالَ: يُجْزِئُهُ الْوُضُوءُ،\n\n٢١١٧ - أَدْخَلَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ بَيْنَهُ، وَبَيْنَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فِي هَذَا، يَعْنِي: إِسْحَاقَ مَوْلَى زَائِدَةَ.\n\n٢١١٨ - قَالَ: وَحَدِيثُ مُصْعَبٍ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٢١١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَهُوَ مَعَ جَهَالَتِهِ، مُخْتَلَفٌ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، هَكَذَا، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ. وَقِيلَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَقِيلَ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ. وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٢١٢٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n٢١٢١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ مَوْقُوفًا وَالْمِوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ ⦗١٣٥⦘.\n\n٢١٢٢ - وَرَوَاهُ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n٢١٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، غَيْرُ مَشْهُوَرٍ.\n\n٢١٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ صَالِحٌ مَوْلَى التَّوْءَمَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَصَالِحٌ مَوْلَى التَّوْءَمَةِ اخْتَلَطَ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ، وَسَقَطَ عَنْ حَدِّ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِرِوَايَتِهِ.\n\n٢١٢٥ - وَإِنَّمَا يَصِحُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَوْقُوفًا","vol":"2","page":133},{"text":"٢١٢٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُصْعَبٍ، الَّذِي ضَعَّفَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، فَهُوَ مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي «كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ» قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ الْغَنَوِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا حَدَّثَتْهُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ: مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، ويَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمِنَ الْحِجَامَةِ، وَغَسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ \" ⦗١٣٦⦘\n\n٢١٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ مِسْعَرٌ، عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ،\n\n٢١٢٨ - وَقَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: يُغْتَسَلُ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ،\n\n٢١٢٩ - وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي السَّفَرِ، عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ قَالَ: الْغُسْلُ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ.\n\n٢١٣٠ - قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ","vol":"2","page":135},{"text":"٢١٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ الثِّقَةِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ نَاجِيَةَ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي، إِنَّ أَبِي قَدْ مَاتَ قَالَ: «اذْهَبْ فَوَارِهِ»، قُلْتُ: إِنَّهُ مَاتَ مُشْرِكًا، قَالَ: «اذْهَبْ فَوَارِهِ». فَوَارَيْتُهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ، قَالَ: «اذْهَبْ فَاغْتَسِلْ» ⦗١٣٧⦘\n\n٢١٣٢ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n٢١٣٣ - وَنَاجِيَةُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ هَذَا، لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا رَوَى عَنْهُ غَيْرَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ،\n\n٢١٣٤ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ أَضْعَفَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٢١٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَعَلِيٌّ: لَا يَصِحُّ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ شَيْءٌ.\n\n٢١٣٦ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَرُوِّينَا تَرْكَ إِيجَابِ الْغُسْلِ مِنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي أَصَحِّ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ\n\n٢١٣٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":136},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-98>٢ - كِتَابُ الْحَيْضِ</span>","vol":"2","page":138},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-99>اعْتِزَالُ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ حَائِضًا</span>","vol":"2","page":138},{"text":"٢١٣٨ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ، وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ، فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٢] فَأَبَانَ أَنَّهَا حَائِضٌ غَيْرُ طَاهِرٍ، وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ لَا نَقْرَبَ حَائِضًا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ، وَلَا إِذَا طَهُرَتْ حَتَّى تَطَّهَرَ بِالْمَاءِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ \"\n\n٢١٣٩ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى، هَذَا التَّفْسِيرِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ثُمَّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا،\n\n٢١٤٠ - وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ مُحَيْصِنٍ، وَعَاصِمٌ، وَالْأَعْمَشُ، وَحَمْزَةُ، وَالْكِسَائِيُّ ⦗١٣٩⦘: «حَتَّى يَطْهَرْنَ» مَفْتُوحَةَ الْهَاءِ «فَإِذَا تَطَّهَّرْنَ» كِلْتَاهُمَا بِالتَّشْدِيدِ،\n\n٢١٤١ - فَيَكُونُ الْمُرَادُ بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا الْغُسْلَ، وَتَصْدِيقُهُمَا فِي قِرَاءَةِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: «حَتَّى يَتَطَهَّرْنَ» فَهِيَ فِي الِاعْتِبَارِ\n\n٢١٤٢ - وَ«حَتَّى يَطَّهَّرْنَ» بِالتَّشْدِيدِ، قَالَهُ: أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، وَاخْتَارَهُ","vol":"2","page":138},{"text":"٢١٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٢]: أَنْ تَعْتَزِلُوهُنَّ، يَعْنِي فِي مَوَاضِعِ الْحَيْضِ\n\n٢١٤٤ - وَكَانَتِ الْآيَةُ مُحْتَمِلَةً لِمَا قَالَ، ومُحْتَمِلَةً أَنَّ اعْتِزَالَهُنَّ اعْتِزَالُ جَمِيعِ أَبْدَانِهِنَّ\n\n٢١٤٥ - فَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَلَى اعْتِزَالِ مَا تَحْتَ الْإِزَارِ مِنْهَا، وَإِبَاحَةِ مَا فَوْقَهَا","vol":"2","page":140},{"text":"٢١٤٦ - قُلْتُ: وَهَذِهِ السُّنَّةُ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ، إِمْلَاءً، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗١٤١⦘ قَبِيصَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «كُنْتُ أَغْتَسِلُ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ، كِلَانَا جُنُبٌ، وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُنِي فَأَتَّزِرُ فَيُبَاشِرُنِي، وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ، وَكَانَ يُخْرِجُ إِلَيَّ رَأْسَهُ وَهُوَ مُعْتَكِفٌ، فَأَغْسِلُهُ، وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ","vol":"2","page":140},{"text":"٢١٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «كَانَتْ إِحْدَانَا إِذَا حَاضَتْ أَمَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تَتَّزِرَ بِإِزَارٍ، ثُمَّ يُبَاشِرَهَا»،\n\n٢١٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٢١٤٩ - وَالْكَلَامُ فِي كَفَّارَةِ مَنْ أَتَى حَائِضًا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ، فَأَخَّرْنَاهُ إِلَيْهِ","vol":"2","page":141},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-101>تَرْكُ الْحَائِضِ الصَّلَاةَ</span>","vol":"2","page":142},{"text":"٢١٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَدِمْتُ مَكَّةَ وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ، فَلَمْ أَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَلَا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَشَكَوْتُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ:  «افْعَلِي مَا يَفْعَلُ الْحَاجُّ غَيْرَ أَنْ لَا تَطُوفِي بِالْبَيْتِ حَتَّى تَطْهُرِي». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗١٤٣⦘ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ\n\n٢١٥١ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ: «حَتَّى تَطْهُرِي»، وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ.\n\n٢١٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَمْرُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنْ لَا تَطُوفِي بِالْبَيْتِ حَتَّى تَطْهُرِي»، يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُصَلِّي حَائِضًا، لِأَنَّهَا غَيْرُ طَاهِرَةٍ، مَا كَانَ الْحَيْضُ قَائِمًا، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٢]","vol":"2","page":142},{"text":"٢١٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ مِينَاءَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ الْقَارِيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَضْحًى أَوْ فِي فِطْرٍ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ، فَمَرَّ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ فَقَالَ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ النِّسَاءِ تَصَدَّقْنَ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُكُنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ النَّارِ». قُلْنَ: وَلِمَ ذَاكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: «تُكْثِرْنَ اللَّعْنَ، وَتَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ مِنَ نَاقِصَاتِ عَقْلٍ، وَدِينٍ أَذْهَبَ لِلُبِّ الرَّجُلِ الْحَازِمِ مِنْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ يَا مَعْشَرَ النِّسَاءِ». فَقُلْنَ: وَلِمَ، وَمَا نُقْصَانُ عَقَلْنَا وَدِينِنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ شَهَادَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ مِثْلَ نِصْفِ شَهَادَةِ الرَّجُلِ» ⦗١٤٤⦘. قُلْنَ: بَلَى. قَالَ: «فَذَلِكَ مِنْ نُقْصَانِ عَقْلِكُنَّ، أَوَلَيْسَ إِذَا حَاضَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَمْ تُصَلِّ، وَلَمْ تَصُمْ؟» قُلْنَ: بَلَى. قَالَ: «فَذَلِكَ مِنْ نُقْصَانِ دِينِهَا». ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ، فَلَمَّا صَارَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، جَاءَتْ زَيْنَبُ، امْرَأَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، تَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيْهِ. فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذِهِ زَيْنَبٌ تَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيْكَ. قَالَ: «أَيُّ الزَّيَانِبِ؟». فَقِيلَ: امْرَأَةُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. قَالَ: «نَعَمِ، ائْذَنُوا لَهَا». فَأُذِنَ لَهَا فَقَالَتْ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ أَمَرْتَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِالصَّدَقَةِ، وَكَانَ عِنْدِي حُلِيٌّ لِي، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ، وَزَعَمَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ وَوَلَدَهُ أَحْسَنُ مَنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «صَدَقَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، زَوْجُكِ وَوَلَدُكِ أَحَقُّ مَنْ تَصَدَّقْتِ عَلَيْهِمْ»\n٢١٥٤ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَقَالَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ: ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَوَعَظَ النَّاسَ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالصَّدَقَةِ، فَقَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ تَصَدَّقُوا» ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ ⦗١٤٥⦘.\n\n٢١٥٥ - وَكَأَنَّهُ سَقَطَ مِنْ كِتَابِي، أَوْ مِنْ كِتَابِ شَيْخِي.\n\n٢١٥٦ - وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ الصَّغَانِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ.\n\n٢١٥٧ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي يَذْكُرُهُ بَعْضُ فُقَهَائِنَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ مِنْ قُعُودِهَا شَطْرَ عُمْرِهَا، وَشَطْرَ دَهْرِهَا لَا تُصَلِّي، فَقَدْ طَلَبْتُهُ كَثِيرًا فَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ كُتُبِ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ لَهُ إِسْنَادًا بِحَالٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":143},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-102>لَا تَقْضِي حَائِضٌ الصَّلَاةَ</span>","vol":"2","page":146},{"text":"٢١٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ إِمْلَاءً، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاذَةَ، ح، وَحَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ الرِّشْكِ، عَنْ مُعَاذَةَ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً سَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَتْ: أَتَقْضِي إِحْدَانَا الصَّلَاةَ أَيَّامَ مَحِيضِهَا، فَقَالَتْ: «أَحَرُورِيَّةٌ أَنْتِ قَدْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَانَا تَحِيضُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ لَا تُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ صَلَاةٍ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، وَحَمَّادٍ، يَقُولُهُ: عَنْ يَزِيدَ الرِّشْكِ ⦗١٤٧⦘.\n\n٢١٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا أَظُنُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ","vol":"2","page":146},{"text":"٢١٦٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَاصِمٌ، عَنْ مُعَاذَةَ قَالَتْ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا بَالُ إِحْدَانَا تَقْضِي الصَّوْمَ، وَلَا تَقْضِي الصَّلَاةَ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَحَرُورِيَّةٌ أَنْتِ، فَقُلْتُ: لَسْتُ بِحَرُورِيَّةٍ، وَلَكَنِّي أَسْأَلُ، قَالَتْ: كَانَ يُصِيبُنَا ذَلِكَ، فَنُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّوْمِ، وَلَا نُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّلَاةِ \" وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ.\n\n٢١٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":147},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-103>الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ الْمُمَيِّزَةُ</span>","vol":"2","page":148},{"text":"٢١٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَا أَطْهُرُ، أَفَأَدَعُ الصَّلَاةَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عِرْقٌ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْحَيْضَةِ. فَإِذَا أَقْبَلَتِ الْحَيْضَةُ فَاتْرُكِي الصَّلَاةَ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ قَدْرُهَا، فَاغْسِلِي عَنْكِ الدَّمَ، وَصَلِّي» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٢١٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَوَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ الضَّرِيرُ، وَجَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ: قَالُوا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «فَإِذَا أَقْبَلَتِ الْحَيْضَةُ فَدَعِي الصَّلَاةَ، وَإِذَا أَدْبَرَتِ الْحَيْضَةُ فَاغْسِلِي عَنْكِ الدَّمَ وَصَلِّي» ⦗١٤٩⦘\n\n٢١٦٤ - إِلَّا أَنَّ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، زَادَ فِيهِ الْوُضُوءَ، وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ إِنَّمَا الْوُضُوءُ مِنْ قِبَلِ عُرْوَةَ،\n\n٢١٦٥ - وَزَادَ فِيهِ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ الِاغْتِسَالَ بِالشَّكِّ.\n\n٢١٦٦ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ كَمَا قَالَتِ الْجَمَاعَةُ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ: «لَا، إِنَّ ذَلِكَ عِرْقٌ، وَلَكَنْ دَعِي الصَّلَاةَ قَدْرَ الْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي كُنْتِ تَحِيضِينَ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ اغْتَسِلِي وَصَلِّي».\n\n٢١٦٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَشُكُّ فِيهِ، وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ","vol":"2","page":148},{"text":"٢١٦٨ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ، كَانَتْ تُسْتَحَاضُ، فَقَالَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا كَانَ دَمُ الْحَيْضِ، فَإِنَّهُ دَمٌ أَسْوَدُ يُعْرَفُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَأَمْسِكِي عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ الْآخَرُ، فَتَوَضَّئِي وَصَلِّي، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ عِرْقٌ» ⦗١٥٠⦘\n\n٢١٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُبَشِّرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُوسَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُسْتَحَاضُ، فَذَكَرَهُ، قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى، ثُمَّ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَيِّصَةُ، فَقَالَ: عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ، كَانَتْ تُسْتَحَاضُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"2","page":149},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-104>الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ الْمُعْتَادَةُ</span>","vol":"2","page":151},{"text":"٢١٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ ⦗١٥٢⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً كَانَتْ تُهَرَاقُ الدَّمَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَفْتَتْ لَهَا أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهَا:  «لِتَنْظُرَ عَدَدَ اللَّيَالِي وَالْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَحِيضُهُنَّ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا الَّذِي أَصَابَهَا، فَلْتَتْرُكِ الصَّلَاةَ قَدْرَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ، فَإِذَا خَلَّفَتْ ذَلِكَ، فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ، وَلْتَسْتَثْفِرْ بِثَوْبٍ، ثُمَّ لِتُصَلِّ» هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗١٥٣⦘،\n\n٢١٧١ - إِلَّا أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ\n\n٢١٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً، كَانَتْ تُهَرَاقُ الدَّمَ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «فَإِذَا خَلَّفَتْ ذَلِكَ، وَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ» بِمَعْنَاهُ،\n\n٢١٧٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَقَالَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٢١٧٤ - قَالَهُ: صَخْرُ بْنُ جُوَيْرِيَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَجُوَيْرِيَةَ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَقُولَا: مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ. وَقَالُوا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «وَلْتَسْتَذْفِرْ بِثَوْبٍ»\n\n٢١٧٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ طَهْمَانِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مَرْجَانَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ","vol":"2","page":151},{"text":"٢١٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ ⦗١٥٤⦘: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ، وَابْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَمْرَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زَرَارَةَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: اسْتُحِيضَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ، وَهِيَ تَحْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، سَبْعَ سِنِينَ، فَاشْتَكَتْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ لَيْسَتْ بِالْحَيْضَةِ، وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا عِرْقٌ، فَإِذَا أَقْبَلَتِ الْحَيْضَةُ فَدَعِي الصَّلَاةَ، وَإِذَا أَدْبَرَتْ فَاغْتَسِلِي وَصَلِّي». قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَكَانَتْ تَغْتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، وَكَانَتْ تَجْلِسُ فِي مِرْكَنٍ فَتَعْلُو حُمْرَةُ الدَّمِ، ثُمَّ تَخْرُجُ فَتُصَلِّي.\n\n٢١٧٧ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ: «فَإِذَا أَقْبَلَتِ الْحَيْضَةُ فَدَعِي الصَّلَاةَ، وَإِذَا أَدْبَرَتْ فَاغْتَسِلِي» تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ مِنْ بَيْنِ ثِقَاتِ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n٢١٧٨ - وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي قِصَّةِ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ بِشْرُ بنُ مَكِّيٍّ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ،\n\n٢١٧٩ - كَمَا رَوَاهُ الثِّقَاتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الْأَمْرِ بِالْغُسْلِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ فَقَطْ","vol":"2","page":153},{"text":"٢١٨٠ - وَرَوَاهُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: إِنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ سَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنِ الدَّمِ؟ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: رَأَيْتُ مِرْكَنَهَا مَلْآنَ دَمًا، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٥٥⦘: «امْكُثِي قَدْرَ مَا كُنْتِ تَحْبِسُكِ حَيْضَتُكِ، ثُمَّ اغْتَسِلِي، وَصَلِّي»\n\n٢١٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ.\n\n٢١٨٢ - وَهَذَا يُصَرِّحُ بِكَوْنِ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ مُعْتَادَةً\n\n٢١٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَالصُّفْرَةُ، وَالْكُدْرَةُ فِي أَيَّامِ الْحَيْضِ حَيْضٌ","vol":"2","page":154},{"text":"٢١٨٤ - وَهَذَا لِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، مَوْلَاةِ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ النِّسَاءُ يَبْعَثْنَ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ بِالدُّرْجَةِ فِيهَا الْكُرْسُفُ، فِيهِ الصُّفْرَةُ مِنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ، فَتَقُولُ:  «لَا تَعْجَلْنَ حَتَّى تَرَيْنَ الْقَصَّةَ الْبَيْضَاءَ - تُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ الطُّهْرَ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ -»\n\n٢١٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «أَنَّهَا قَدْ تَكُونُ الصُّفْرَةُ وَالْكُدْرَةُ»\n\n٢١٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ ⦗١٥٦⦘: «اعْتَزِلْنَ الصَّلَاةَ مَا رَأَيْتُنَّ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى تَرَيْنَ الْبَيَاضَ خَالِصًا»\n\n٢١٨٧ - وَهَذَا أَوْلَى مِمَّا رُوِيَ عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كُنَّا لَا نَعُدُّ الْكُدْرَةَ وَالصُّفْرَةَ بَعْدَ الطُّهْرِ شَيْئًا» وَلِأَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ،\n\n٢١٨٨ - وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُرَادُهَا بِذَلِكَ: إِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى أَكْثَرِ الْحَيْضِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":155},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-105>بَابُ الْمُبْتَدَأَةِ، وَالْمُعْتَادَةِ، الشَّاكَّةِ فِي قَدْرِ عَادَتِهَا عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ التَّأْوِيلِ فِي حَدِيثِ حَمْنَةَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ، وَهُوَ فِي الْمُعْتَادَةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":157},{"text":"٢١٨٩ - أَظْهَرُ وَبِهَا أَشْبَهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، حَمْنَةَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ، قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ أُسْتَحَاضُ حَيْضَةً كَثِيرَةً شَدِيدَةً، فَجِئْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَسْتَفْتِيهِ، فَوَجَدْتُهُ فِي بَيْتِ أُخْتِي زَيْنَبَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِنَّ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةً، وَإِنَّهُ لَحَدِيثٌ مَا مِنْهُ بُدٌّ، وَإِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي مِنْهُ، قَالَ: «فَمَا هُوَ يَا هَنْتَاهُ». قَالَتْ: إِنِّي امْرَأَةٌ أُسْتَحَاضُ حَيْضَةً كَثِيرَةً شَدِيدَةً، فَمَا تَرَى فِيهَا، فَقَدْ مَنَعَتْنِي الصَّلَاةَ وَالصَّوْمَ ⦗١٥٨⦘. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنِّي أَنْعَتُ لَكِ الْكُرْسُفَ، فَإِنَّهُ يُذْهِبُ الدَّمَ». قَالَتْ: هُوَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَتَلَجَّمِي» قَالَتْ: هُوَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: «فَاتَّخِذِي ثَوْبًا»، قَالَتْ: هُوَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، إِنَّمَا أَثُجُّ ثَجًّا. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" سَآمُرُكِ بِأَمْرَيْنِ: أَيُّهُمَا فَعَلْتِ أَجْزَأَكِ مِنَ الْآخَرِ، فَإِنْ قَوِيتِ عَلَيْهِمَا، فَأَنْتِ أَعْلَمُ \" قَالَ لَهَا: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ رَكْضَةٌ مِنْ رَكَضَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَتَحَيَّضِي سِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ، أَوْ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ اغْتَسِلِي، حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَيْتِ أَنَّكِ قَدْ طَهُرْتِ وَاسْتَنْقَيْتِ فَصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَيَّامَهَا، أَوْ ثَلَاثًا وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَأَيَّامَهَا، وَصُومِي، فَإِنَّهُ يُجْزِئُكِ، وَكَذَلِكَ افْعَلِي فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ، كَمَا تَحِيضُ النِّسَاءُ، وَكَمَا يَطْهُرْنَ، لِمِيقَاتِ حَيْضِهِنَّ، وَطُهْرِهِنَّ»","vol":"2","page":157},{"text":"٢١٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عُقَيْبَ هَذَا فِي غَيْرِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا: هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَعْرِفُ أَيَّامَ حَيْضِهَا سِتًّا أَوْ سَبْعًا، فَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعْنِي مَا قَالَ.\n\n٢١٩١ - قَالَ: \" وَإِنْ قَوِيتِ أَنْ تُؤَخِّرِي الظُّهْرَ، وَتُعَجِّلِي الْعَصْرَ، وَتَغْتَسِلِينَ حَتَّى تَطْهُرِي، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّينَ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ تُؤَخِّرِينَ الْمَغْرِبَ، وَتُعَجِّلِينَ الْعِشَاءَ، ثُمَّ تَغْتَسِلِينَ، وَتَجْمَعِينَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ فَافْعَلِي، وَتَغْتَسِلِينَ عِنْدَ الْفَجْرِ، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّينَ الصُّبْحَ وَكَذَلِكَ فَافْعَلِي، وَصُومِي، إِنْ قَوِيتِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَذَا أَحَبُّ الْأَمْرَيْنِ إِلَيَّ»\n\n٢١٩٢ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِي كِتَابِ الْحَيْضِ، وَهُوَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: «وَإِنْ قَوِيتِ» إِلَى آخِرِهِ، فِي الْحَدِيثِ\n\n٢١٩٣ - إِلَّا أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمَّ لَمْ يَنْقُلْهُ إِلَى الْمُسْنَدِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ حَسِبَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَإِنَّمَا كَلَامُ الشَّافِعِيِّ الْكَلِمَةُ الْأُولَى فَقَطْ.\n\n٢١٩٤ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ مُحَمَّدٌ الدُّورِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْعَقَدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَعْنَى. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ\n\n٢١٩٥ - وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: هُوَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ، وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: هُوَ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ\n\n٢١٩٦ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، ⦗١٦٠⦘ وَهُوَ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٢١٩٧ - وَأَمَّا حَمْنَةُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ، فَقَدْ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الدَّارِمِي عَنْهُ: هِيَ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ، وَخَالَفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، فِي رِوَايَةِ الْغَلَابِيِّ عَنْهُ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةَ هِيَ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ، تَحْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَلَيْسَتْ بِحَمْنَةَ. وَحَدِيثُ ابْنُ عَقِيلٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا غَيْرُهَا، كَمَا قَالَ يَحْيَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":159},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-106>غُسْلُ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":161},{"text":"٢١٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ، اسْتُحِيضَتْ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ فَسَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا هُوَ عِرْقٌ وَلَيْسَتْ بِالْحَيْضَةِ». فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَغْتَسِلَ، وَتُصَلِّي، فَكَانَتْ تَغْتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، وَتَجْلِسُ فِي الْمِرْكَنِ، فَيَعْلُو الدَّمُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُثَنَّى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"2","page":161},{"text":"٢١٩٩ - وَفِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رِوَايَةً عَنْهُ: أَنَّ أَبَا العَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n٢٢٠٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ⦗١٦٢⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ، اسْتُحِيضَتْ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ، فَسَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاسْتَفْتَتْهُ فِيهِ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَيْسَتْ تِلْكَ بِالْحَيْضَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عِرْقٌ، فَاغْتَسِلِي، وَصَلِّي»\n\n٢٢٠١ - قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَكَانَتْ تَغْتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، وَكَانَتْ تَجْلِسُ فِي مِرْكَنٍ، فَيَعْلُو الْمَاءَ حُمْرَةُ الدَّمِ، ثُمَّ تَخْرُجُ، وَتُصَلِّي رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَعَمْرَةَ، وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا\n\n٢٢٠٢ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ: لَمْ يَذْكُرِ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَمَرَ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ أَنْ تَغْتَسِلَ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، وَلَكَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ فَعَلَتْهُ هِيَ\n\n٢٢٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ مِلْحَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٢٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى غَيْرُ الزُّهْرِيِّ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَغْتَسِلَ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، وَلَكَنْ رَوَاهُ عُرْوَةُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَالسِّيَاقِ،\n\n٢٢٠٥ - وَالزُّهْرِيُّ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ\n\n٢٢٠٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى فِيهِ، شَيْئًا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ غَلَطٌ. قَالَ: تَتْرُكَ الصَّلَاةَ قَدْرَ إقْرَائِهَا\n\n٢٢٠٧ - وَعَائِشَةُ تَقُولُ: الْأَقْرَاءُ: الْأَطْهَارُ","vol":"2","page":161},{"text":"٢٢٠٨ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ ⦗١٦٣⦘ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَأَنَّهَا اسْتُحِيضَتْ لَا تَطْهُرُ، فَذَكَرَتْ شَأْنَهَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَتْ بِالْحَيْضَةِ، وَلَكِنَّهَا رَكْضَةٌ مِنَ الرَّحِمِ، لِتَنْظُرْ قَدْرَ قُرْئِهَا الَّذِي تَحِيضُ لَهُ فَلْتَتْرُكِ الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ لِتَنْظُرْ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، وَلْتُصَلِّ»\n\n٢٢٠٩ - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ فِيمَا قَرَأْنَا عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظِ، عَنْهُ قَالَ لِبَعْضِ مَشَايِخِنَا خَبَرُ ابْنُ الْهَادِ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ.\n\n٢٢١٠ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ فِيهِ: «فَأَمَرَهَا بِالْغُسْلِ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ»\n\n٢٢١١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ.\n\n٢٢١٢ - وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ الْجُمْهُورِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهَا الْأَمْرُ بِالْغُسْلِ إِلَّا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ تَغْتَسِلُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ صَحِيحًا، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَصَحَّحَ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى عَلَيْهِمَا الْوُضُوءَ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ.\n\n٢٢١٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الْأَمْرَ بِالْغُسْلِ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ، ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ حَمْنَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا: «إِنْ قَوِيتِ فَاجْمَعِي بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ بِغُسْلٍ، وَبَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ بِغُسْلٍ وَصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ بِغُسْلٍ».\n\n٢٢١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَعْلَمَهَا أَنَّهُ أَحَبُّ الْأَمْرَيْنِ إِلَيْهِ وَأَنَّهُ يُجْزِيهَا الْأَمْرُ الْأَوَّلُ أَنْ تَغْتَسِلَ عِنْدَ الطُّهْرِ مِنَ الْحَيْضِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْمُرْهَا بِغُسْلٍ بَعْدَهُ\n\n٢٢١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ رُوِيَ فِي الْمُسْتَحَاضَةَ، حَدِيثٌ مُطْلَقٌ، فَحَدِيثُ حَمْنَةَ يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّهُ اخْتِيَارٌ، وَأَنَّ غَيْرَهُ يُجْزِئُ مِنْهُ","vol":"2","page":162},{"text":"٢٢١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ الْقَعْقَاعَ بْنَ حَكِيمٍ، وَزَيْدَ بْنَ أَسْلَمَ، أَرْسَلَاهُ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَسْأَلُهُ: كَيْفَ تَغْتَسِلُ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: \" تَغْتَسِلُ مِنْ طُهْرٍ إِلَى طُهْرٍ، وَتَتَوَضَّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، فَإِنْ غَلَبَهَا الدَّمُ اسْتَثْفَرَتْ\n\n٢٢١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اسْتَذْفَرَتْ بِثَوْبٍ.\n\n٢٢١٨ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: إِنِّي لَأَظُنُّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِنْ ظُهْرٍ إِلَى ظُهْرٍ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ طُهْرٍ إِلَى طُهْرٍ، وَلَكَنَّ الْوَهْمَ دَخَلَ فِيهِ،\n\n٢٢١٩ - قَالَ: وَرَوَاهُ الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَرْبُوعٍ قَالَ فِيهِ: مِنْ ظُهْرٍ إِلَى ظُهْرٍ فَقَلَبَهَا النَّاسُ مِنْ طُهْرٍ إِلَى طُهْرٍ\n\n٢٢٢٠ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَعَ بِهَذَا الِاخْتِلَافُ فِي حَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ مَرْفُوعًا، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"2","page":164},{"text":"٢٢٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْتَحَاضَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَغْتَسِلَ غُسْلًا وَاحِدًا، ثُمَّ تَتَوَضَّأَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ»\n\n٢٢٢٢ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ\n\n٢٢٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «كِتَابِ الْحَيْضِ» قَالَ: يَعْنِي بَعْضَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ ⦗١٦٥⦘ أَمَا إِنَّا رُوِّينَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَمَرَ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةَ تَتَوَضَّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَدْ رُوِّيتُمْ ذَلِكَ، وَبِهِ نَقُولُ قِيَاسًا عَلَى سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْوُضُوءِ مِمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ دُبُرٍ أَوْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ فَرْجٍ، وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا مَحْفُوظًا عِنْدَنَا كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْنَا مِنَ الْقِيَاسِ\n\n٢٢٢٤ - فَأَشَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلَى أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِيهِ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ، وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ","vol":"2","page":164},{"text":"٢٢٢٥ - وَأَشْهُرُ حَدِيثٍ رَوَى فِيهِ الْعِرَاقِيُّونَ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي جَحْشٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ خَبَرَهَا قَالَ: «ثُمَّ اغْتَسِلِي، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّئِي لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ وَصَلِّي»\n\n٢٢٢٦ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَزَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ: وَإِنْ قَطَرَ الدَّمُ عَلَى الْحَصِيرِ،\n\n٢٢٢٧ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ،\n\n٢٢٢٨ - وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ شَيْئًا.\n\n٢٢٢٩ - وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: حَدِيثُ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ، ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٢٢٣٠ - وَرَوَاهُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، فَوَقَفَهُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، وَأَنْكَرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٢٢٣١ - وَوَقَفَهُ أَيْضًا أَسْبَاطٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ،\n\n٢٢٣٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ أَبُو الْعَلَاءِ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ، عَنِ امْرَأَةِ، مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٢٣٣ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ حَدِيثُ أَيُّوبَ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَصِحُّ ⦗١٦٦⦘\n\n٢٢٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَمَّارُ بْنُ مَطَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ قَمِيرٍ، امْرَأَةِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا\n\n٢٢٣٥ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَمَّارُ بْنُ مَطَرٍ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، وَالَّذِي عِنْدَ النَّاسِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مَوْقُوفٌ. وَهَذَا فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ\n\n٢٢٣٦ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ شَرِيكٍ الْقَاضِي، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَقْظَانِ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْوُضُوءُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ»\n\n٢٢٣٧ - قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: جَدُّهُ اسْمُهُ دِينَارٌ.\n\n٢٢٣٨ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَحَدِيثُ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَصِحُّ\n\n٢٢٣٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الْيَقْظَانِ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"2","page":165},{"text":"٢٢٤٠ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى أَبُو يُوسُفَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَفْرِيقِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «أَمَرَ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةَ بِالْوُضُوءِ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ»\n\n٢٢٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ الْبُخَارِيُّ، قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا حَاجًّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزْدَادَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى النَّهْشَلِيُّ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى بِشْرِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الْكِنْدِيِّ، وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ، قِيلَ لَهُ: حَدَّثَكُمْ أَبُو يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ يَعْنِي الْأَفْرِيقِيَّ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٢٤٢ - وَأَبُو يُوسُفَ ثِقَةٌ، إِذَا كَانَ يَرْوِي عَنْ ثِقَةٍ ⦗١٦٧⦘،\n\n٢٢٤٣ - إِلَّا أَنَّ الْأَفْرِيقِيَّ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n٢٢٤٤ - وَابْنُ عَقِيلٍ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي جَوَازِ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":166},{"text":"٢٢٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ:  «الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ تَغْتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ» أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ\n\n٢٢٤٦ - وَرَوَى مَعْقِلٌ الْخَثْعَمِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ إِذَا انْقَضَتْ حَيْضَتُهَا اغْتَسَلَتْ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ»\n\n٢٢٤٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِأَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ التَّلْفِيقِ بِمَا رَوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: إِذَا رَأَيْتِ الدَّمَ الْبَحْرَانِيَّ فَلَا تُصَلِّي، وَإِذَا رَأَيْتِ الطُّهْرَ وَلَوْ سَاعَةً فَلْتَغْتَسِلِي ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي","vol":"2","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-107>أَقَلُّ الْحَيْضِ وَأَكْثَرُهُ</span>","vol":"2","page":168},{"text":"٢٢٤٨ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: رَجَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي أَقَلِّ الْحَيْضِ وَأَكْثَرِهِ إِلَى الْوُجُودِ،\n\n٢٢٤٩ - قَالَ: قَدْ رَأَيْتُ امْرَأَةً أُثْبِتَ لِي عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَزَلْ تَحِيضُ يَوْمًا، وَلَا تَزِيدُ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n٢٢٥٠ - وَأُثْبِتَ لِي عَنْ نِسَاءٍ أَنَّهُنَّ لَمْ يَزَلْنَ يَحِضْنَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ،\n\n٢٢٥١ - وَعَنْ نِسَاءٍ أَنَّهُنَّ لَمْ يَزَلْنَ يَحِضْنَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا،\n\n٢٢٥٢ - وَعَنِ امْرَأَةٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَزَلْ تَحِيضُ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ،\n\n٢٢٥٣ - فَقَالَ بَعْضٌ مِنْ كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُهُ لِشَيْءٍ رَوَيْتُهُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٢٢٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَلَيْسَ هَذَا حَدِيثَ الْجَلْدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: بَلَى. قُلْتُ: فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِيهِ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ الْجَلْدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ ⦗١٦٩⦘: قَرْءُ الْمَرْأَةِ أَوْ قُرُوءُ حَيْضِ الْمَرْأَةِ ثَلَاثَةٌ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةٌ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى عَشَرَةٍ\n\n٢٢٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ لِي ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ: الْجَلْدُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ، لَا يَعْرِفُ الْحَدِيثَ\n\n٢٢٥٦ - وَقَالَ لِي: قَدِ اسْتُحِيضَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ آلِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، فَسُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْهَا، فَأَفْتَى فِيهَا، وَأَنَسٌ حَيٌّ، فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ. مَا قُلْتَ مِنْ عِلْمِ الْحَيْضِ، وَيَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَى مَسْأَلَةِ غَيْرِهِ فِيمَا عِنْدَهُ عِلْمٌ،\n\n٢٢٥٧ - وَنَحْنُ، وَأَنْتَ لَا نُثْبِتُ حَدِيثَ مِثْلِ الْجَلْدِ، وَنَسْتَدِلُّ عَلَى غَلَطِ مَنْ هُوَ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ بِأَقَلِّ مِنْ هَذَا،\n\n٢٢٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِحَدِيثِ الْجَلْدِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبرنا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَذَكَرَ قَوْلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ: الْجَلْدُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ، لَا يَعْرِفُ الْحَدِيثَ. وَذَكَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَا بَعْدَهُ إِلَى آخِرِهِ دُونَهُمَا.\n\n٢٢٥٩ - وَالَّذِي قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَحَكَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ فِي تَضْعِيفِ الْجَلْدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، مُوَافِقٌ لِكَلَامِ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ حُفَّاظِ الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n٢٢٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُضَعِّفُهُ، وَيَقُولُ: لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْقِلُ الْحَدِيثَ ⦗١٧٠⦘\n\n٢٢٦١ - وَقَالَ حَمَّادٌ: ذَهَبَتُ أَنَا وَجَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، إِلَى الْجَلْدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، فَحَدَّثَنَا بِحَدِيثِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي الْحَائِضِ، فَذَهَبْنَا نُوقِفُهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ لَا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الْحَائِضِ، وَالْمُسْتَحَاضَةِ،\n\n٢٢٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَ ذَهَابَهُ إِلَيْهِ مَعَ جَرِيرٍ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٢٦٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَابْنِ عَاصِمٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُضَعِّفُونَ الْجَلْدَ بْنَ أَيُّوبَ، وَلَا يَرَوْنَهُ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْحُجَّةِ.\n\n٢٢٦٤ - وَرَوَى مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ ضَعِيفَةٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَمَوْقُوفًا، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَصْلٌ، إِلَّا مِنْ جِهَةِ الْجَلْدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، وَمِنْهُ سَرَقَهُ هَؤُلَاءِ الضُّعَفَاءُ، وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ","vol":"2","page":168},{"text":"٢٢٦٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ حَسَّانَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرْمَانِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَكْحُولًا، يَقُولُ: عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَكُونُ الْحَيْضُ لِلْجَارِيَةِ، وَالثَّيِّبِ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَلَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ، فَإِذَا رَأَتِ الدَّمَ فَوْقَ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَهِيَ مُسْتَحَاضَةٌ»\n\n٢٢٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ ⦗١٧١⦘ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْبَاغِنْدِيُّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْفٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٢٦٧ - وَفِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ: عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ هَذَا رَجُلٌ مَجْهُوَلٌ، وَالْعَلَاءُ هُوَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفُ الْحَدِيثِ، وَمَكْحُولٌ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ شَيْئًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٢٢٦٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ\n\n٢٢٦٩ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٢٢٧٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَشُرَيْحٍ فِي أَقَلِّ الْعِدَّةِ، مَا يُؤَكِّدُ قَوْلَ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي أَقَلِّ الْحَيْضِ\n٢٢٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، لِأَنَّهُ مُوَافِقٌ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِلْحَيْضِ وَقْتًا.\n\n٢٢٧٢ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ،\n\n٢٢٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَدْنَى وَقْتِ الْحَيْضِ يَوْمٌ،\n\n٢٢٧٤ - وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَكْثَرُ الْحَيْضِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ،\n\n٢٢٧٥ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ قَالَ: تَجْلِسُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ ⦗١٧٢⦘،\n\n٢٢٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ فِي النُّفَسَاءِ: أَنَّهَا تَتَرَبَّصُ مَا بَيْنَهَا، وَبَيْنَ شَهْرَيْنِ،\n\n٢٢٧٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهَا تَنْتَظِرُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا،\n\n٢٢٧٨ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٢٢٧٩ - وَحَدِيثُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ يُؤَكِّدُهُ،\n\n٢٢٨٠ - وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ فِي أَكْثَرٍ النِّفَاسِ","vol":"2","page":170},{"text":"٢٢٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُجَاعُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِي سَهْلٍ، عَنْ مُسَّهٍ الْأَزْدِيَّةِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ:  «كَانَتِ النُّفَسَاءُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، تَجْلِسُ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَكُنَّا نَطْلِي عَلَى وجُوهِنَا بِالْوَرْسِ مِنَ الْكَلَفِ»\n\n٢٢٨٢ - وَأَبُو سَهْلٍ هَذَا، هُوَ كَثِيرُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ،\n\n٢٢٨٣ - وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى هَذَا، هُوَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْأَحْوَلُ الْكُوفِيُّ، وَثَّقَهُمَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ، عَنْهُ","vol":"2","page":172},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-108>الَّذِي يُبْتَلَى بِالْبَوْلِ أَوِ الرُّعَافِ</span>","vol":"2","page":173},{"text":"٢٢٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ ذَكَرَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ سَلَسَ عَلَيْهِ الْبَوْلُ، فَكَانَ يَتَوَضَّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ\n\n٢٢٨٥ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":173},{"text":"٢٢٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ ⦗١٧٤⦘: «كَبِرَ زَيْدٌ حَتَّى سَلَسَ مِنْهُ الْبَوْلُ، فَكَانَ يُدَارِيهِ مَا اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِذَا غَلَبَهُ تَوَضَّأَ وَصَلَّى»","vol":"2","page":173},{"text":"٢٢٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ الْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ: دَخَلَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بَعْدَ أَنْ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ، مِنَ اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي طُعِنَ فِيهَا عُمَرُ، فَأَوْقَظَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: الصَّلَاةَ، لِصَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «نَعَمْ، وَلَا حَظَّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ»، فَصَلَّى عُمَرُ، وَجُرْحُهُ يَثْعُبُ دَمًا","vol":"2","page":174},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-109>٣ - كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":175},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-110>بَابُ الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":177},{"text":"٢٢٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي أَصْلِ فَرْضِ الصَّلَاةِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ⦗١٧٩⦘: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا﴾ [النساء: ١٠٣]،\n\n٢٢٨٩ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دِينُ الْقَيِّمَةِ﴾ [البينة: ٥]،\n\n٢٢٩٠ - مَعَ عَدَدِ آيٍ فِيهَا ذُكِرَ فَرْضُ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٢٢٩١ - قَالَ وَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ: «خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ». فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهَا؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ»","vol":"2","page":177},{"text":"٢٢٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ»، فَقَالَ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهَا؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-111>أَوَّلُ فَرْضِ الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":180},{"text":"٢٢٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَثِقُ بِخَبَرِهِ وَعِلْمِهِ، يَذْكُرُ: «أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ فَرْضًا فِي الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمْ نَسَخَهُ بِفَرْضٍ غَيْرِهِ، ثُمَّ نَسَخَ الثَّانِي بِالْفَرْضِ فِي الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ»\n\n٢٢٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَأَنَّهُ يَعْنِي قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ، قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا، نِصْفَهُ أَوِ انْقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا، أَوْ زِدْ عَلَيْهِ وَرَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلًا﴾ [المزمل: ٢].\n\n٢٢٩٥ - ثُمَّ نَسَخَهُ فِي السُّورَةِ مَعَهُ، بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ رَبِّكَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ أَدْنَى مِنْ ثُلُثَيِ اللَّيْلِ وَنِصْفَهُ وَثُلُثَهُ وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ مَعَكَ وَاللَّهُ يُقَدِّرُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ عَلِمَ أَنْ لَنْ تُحْصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ﴾.\n\n٢٢٩٦ - فَنَسَخَ قِيَامَ اللَّيْلِ أَوْ نِصْفَهُ، أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، بِمَا تَيَسَّرَ.\n\n٢٢٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قَالَ بِمَا قَالَ، وَإِنْ كُنْتُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ لَا يَدَعَ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ بِمَا تَيَسَّرَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ.\n\n٢٢٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُقَالُ: نُسِخَتْ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الْمُزَّمِّلِ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿ ⦗١٨١⦘: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨]، وَدُلُوكُ الشَّمْسِ: زَوَالُهَا، ﴿إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨]: الْعَتَمَةُ ﴿وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨]، وَقُرْآنُ الْفَجْرِ: الصُّبْحُ. ﴿إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُوَدًا، وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَكَ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨].\n\n٢٢٩٩ - فَأَعْلَمَهُ أَنَّ صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ نَافِلَةٌ لَا فَرِيضَةٌ، وَأَنَّ الْفَرَائِضَ فِيمَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ لَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَارٍ.\n\n٢٣٠٠ - وَيُقَالُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ﴾ [الروم: ١٧]: الْمَغْرِبُ، وَالْعِشَاءُ: ﴿وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ﴾ [الروم: ١٧]: الصُّبْحُ، ﴿وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَعَشِيًّا﴾ الْعَصْرُ، ﴿وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ﴾ [الروم: ١٨] الظُّهْرُ\n\n٢٣٠١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَمَّنْ يَثِقُ بِهِ فِي نَسْخِ قِيَامِ اللَّيْلِ.\n\n٢٣٠٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الدُّلُوكِ، مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٢٣٠٣ - وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ فِي تَفْسِيرِ قُرْآنِ الْفَجْرِ مَعْنَاهُ، وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْآيَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٢٣٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي ذَلِكَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ فَسَّرَ قَوْلَهُ: ﴿حِينَ تُمْسُونَ﴾ [الروم: ١٧] بِصَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ فَقَطْ ⦗١٨٢⦘،\n\n٢٣٠٥ - وَجَعَلَ ذِكْرَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ثَلَاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ﴾ [النور: ٥٨].\n\n٢٣٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قِيلَ مِنْ هَذَا بِمَا قِيلَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٢٣٠٧ - قَالَ: وَبَيَانُ مَا وَصَفْتُ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":180},{"text":"٢٣٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ، ثَائِرَ الرَّأْسِ، يُسْمَعُ دَوِيُّ صَوْتِهِ، وَلَا نَفْقَهُ مَا يَقُولُ. حَتَّى دَنَا، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ» قَالَ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهُنَّ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ»، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَصِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهُ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ» قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الزَّكَاةَ. فَقَالَ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهَا؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ» قَالَ: فَأَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَزِيدُ عَلَى هَذَا، وَلَا أَنْقُصُ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَفْلَحَ الرَّجُلُ إِنْ صَدَقَ» رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":182},{"text":"٢٣٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَرَوَى عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ مَتْنَ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ يُدْعَى الْمُخْدَجِيَّ، سَمِعَ رَجُلًا بِالشَّامِ يُكْنَى أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْوِتْرَ وَاجِبٌ، فَقَالَ الْمُخْدَجِيُّ: فَرُحْتُ إِلَى عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، فَاعْتَرَضْتُ لَهُ، وَهُوَ رَائِحٌ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ. فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالَّذِي قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَالَ عُبَادَةُ: كَذَبَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ كَتَبَهُنَّ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ، فَمَنْ جَاءَ بِهِنَّ، لَمْ يُضَيِّعْ مِنْهُنَّ شَيْئًا، اسْتِخْفَافًا بِحَقِّهِنَّ، كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدٌ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِنَّ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدٌ. إِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَدْخَلَهُ الْجَنَّةَ»","vol":"2","page":183},{"text":"٢٣١٠ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَتْنَ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ وَهُوَ عَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، ح\n\n٢٣١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗١٨٤⦘ قُتَيْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَنَّ نَهْرًا بِبَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ، يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ، هَلْ يَبْقَى مِنْ دَرَنِهِ شَيْءٌ؟»، قَالُوا: لَا قَالَ: «فَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ، يَمْحُو اللَّهُ بِهِنَّ الْخَطَايَا» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ.\n\n٢٣١٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَنَّ بِبَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ نَهْرًا، يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ، كَذَلِكَ الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ، يُذْهِبْنَ الْخَطَايَا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ","vol":"2","page":183},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-112>جِمَاعُ مَوَاقِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":185},{"text":"٢٣١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَحْكَمَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ بِكِتَابِهِ، أَنَّ مَا فَرَضَ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ مَوْقُوتٌ، وَالْمَوْقُوتُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي يُصَلَّى وَعَدَدُهَا، فَقَالَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ ⦗١٨٦⦘: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا﴾ [النساء: ١٠٣]\n\n٢٣١٤ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا نَقْلَ الْعَامَّةِ عَدَدَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي مَوَاضِعِهَا، وَنَحْنُ ذَاكِرُونَ الْوَقْتَ.\n\n٢٣١٥ - فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخَّرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الصَّلَاةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُرْوَةُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ فَأَمَّنِي، فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَأَمَّنِي فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَأَمَّنِي فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَأَمَّنِي فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَأَمَّنِي فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ». حَتَّى عَدَّ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَا عُرْوَةُ وَانْظُرْ مَا تَقُولُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عُرْوَةُ: أَخْبَرَنِيهِ بَشِيرُ بْنُ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":185},{"text":"٢٣١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِي قَالَ ⦗١٨٧⦘: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ ح،\n\n٢٣١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ قَعْنَبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ يَوْمًا، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ أَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ يَوْمًا، وَهُوَ بِالْكُوفَةِ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، فَقَالَ: مَا هَذَا يَا مُغِيرَةُ؟ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ: \" أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. ثُمَّ صَلَّى، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «بِهَذَا أُمِرْتُ؟» فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: اعْلَمْ مَا تُحَدِّثُ بِهِ يَا عُرْوَةُ، أَوَ إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ هُوَ الَّذِي أَقَامَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقْتَ الصَّلَاةِ؟ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: كَذَلِكَ كَانَ بَشِيرُ بْنُ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n٢٣١٨ - قَالَ عُرْوَةُ وَلَقَدْ حَدَّثَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ، زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَانَ يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، وَالشَّمْسُ فِي حُجْرَتِهَا، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ» ⦗١٨٨⦘\n\n٢٣١٩ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":186},{"text":"٢٣٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ، أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَانَ قَاعِدًا عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَأَخَّرَ الْعَصْرَ شَيْئًا؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: أَمَا إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ أَخْبَرَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِوَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: أَعْلَمُ مَا تَقُولُ، فَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ: سَمِعْتُ بَشِيرَ بْنَ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇، فَأَخْبَرَنِي بِوَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ». يَحْسُبُ بِأَصَابِعِهِ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ، فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ حِينَ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ، وَرُبَّمَا أَخَّرَهَا حِينَ يَشْتَدُّ الْحَرُّ، وَرَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا الصُّفْرَةُ، فَيَنْصَرِفُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَيَأْتِي ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، وَيُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ تَسْقُطُ الشَّمْسُ، وَيُصَلِّي الْعِشَاءَ حِينَ يَسْوَدُّ الْأُفُقُ، وَرُبَّمَا أَخَّرَهَا حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ، وَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ بِغَلَسٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى مَرَّةً أُخْرَى، فَأَسْفَرَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِغَلَسٍ، حَتَّى مَاتَ، لَمْ يَعُدْ إِلَى أَنْ يُسْفِرَ\n\n٢٣٢١ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أُسَامَةُ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْأَوْقَاتِ خَبَرٌ مِنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ عَمَّا رَآهُ، وَبَيَانُ كَيْفِيَّةِ صَلَاةِ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ ⦗١٨٩⦘ السَّلَامُ فِي خَبَرِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ.\n\n٢٣٢٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ حَزْمٍ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، مَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"2","page":188},{"text":"٢٣٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا: عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أَمَّنِي جِبْرِيلُ ﵇، عِنْدَ بَابِ الْبَيْتِ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ حِينَ كَانَ الْفَيْءُ مِثْلَ الشِّرَاكِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ حِينَ كَانَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدْرِ ظِلِّهِ، وَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ حِينَ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ حِينَ حَرُمَ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَرَّةَ الْأَخِيرَةَ الظُّهْرَ حِينَ كَانَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ قَدْرَ ظِلِّهِ، قَدْرَ الْعَصْرِ بِالْأَمْسِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ حِينَ كَانَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى كَالْقَدْرِ الْأَوَّلِ، لَمْ يُؤَخِّرْهَا، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ حِينَ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ حِينَ أَسْفَرَ، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، هَذَا وَقْتُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ، وَالْوَقْتُ مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْوَقْتَيْنِ \" ⦗١٩٠⦘\n\n٢٣٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهَذِهِ الْمَوَاقِيتُ فِي الْحَضَرِ.\n\n٢٣٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ. . أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ\n\n٢٣٢٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا حَدِيثَ إِمَامَةِ جِبْرِيلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، ﵃","vol":"2","page":189},{"text":"٢٣٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ فِي الصَّيْفِ إِذَا جَاوَزَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَهُ بِشَيْءٍ مَا كَانَ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ يَنْفَصِلُ مِنْ آخِرِ وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ»\n\n٢٣٢٨ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَعْنَى مَا وَصَفْتُ، وَأَحْسَبُهُ ذَكَرَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَرَادَ بِهِ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ فِي آخِرِ وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ، عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، لِأَنَّهُ صَلَّاهَا حِينَ كَانَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَهُ ⦗١٩١⦘، يَعْنِي: حِينَ تَمَّ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَهُ، جَاوَزَ ذَلِكَ بِأَقَلَّ مَا يُجَاوِزُهُ\n\n٢٣٢٩ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَقْتُ الظُّهْرِ إِلَى الْعَصْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ»\n\n٢٣٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَقْتُ الظُّهْرِ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَكَانَ ظِلُّ الرَّجُلِ كَطُولِهِ، مَا لَمْ يَحْضُرِ الْعَصْرُ»\n\n٢٣٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ أَخَّرَ الْعَصْرَ حَتَّى يُجَاوِزَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَيْهِ فِي الصَّيْفِ، أَوْ قَدْرَ ذَلِكَ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، فَقَدْ فَاتَهُ وَقْتُ الِاخْتِيَارِ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقَالَ: قَدْ فَاتَهُ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ مُطْلَقًا","vol":"2","page":190},{"text":"٢٣٣٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَّ مَالِكًا، أَخْبَرَهُمْ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَعَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، يُحَدِّثُونَهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الصُّبْحِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الصُّبْحَ، وَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الْعَصْرِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْعَصْرَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ ⦗١٩٢⦘ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":191},{"text":"٢٣٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَا وَقْتَ لِلْمَغْرِبِ، إِلَّا وَقْتًا وَاحِدًا، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ تَجِبُ الشَّمْسُ» وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي حَدِيثِ إِمَامَةِ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَفِي غَيْرِهِ\n\n٢٣٣٤ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ إِمَامَةِ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ فَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرَيْنَ مُرْسَلًا","vol":"2","page":192},{"text":"٢٣٣٥ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَجَعَلَ لَهَا وَقْتَيْنِ وَقْتَيْنِ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ، فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ»\n\n٢٣٣٦ - وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، مُنْقَطِعًا مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"2","page":192},{"text":"٢٣٣٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ ⦗١٩٣⦘: أَتَى جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: \" قُمْ فَصَلِّ، وَذَلِكَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ حِينَ مَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ أَرْبَعًا. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ سَائِرَ الصَّلَوَاتِ بِأَعْدَادِهِنَّ هَكَذَا فِي أَوَّلِ الْوَقْتِ وَفِي آخِرِهِ، إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ، فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الْأَوَّلِ: ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ الْمَغْرِبَ ثَلَاثًَا \"\n\n٢٣٣٨ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَتَاهُ الْوَقْتُ بِالْأَمْسِ حِينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ الْمَغْرِبَ ثَلَاثًا\n\n٢٣٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٣٤٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: قَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ حَزْمٍ، بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَأَمَرَهُ، فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ. وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ وَجَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ.\n\n٢٣٤١ - وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: قَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ: وَكَانَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ، نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ يُحَدِّثُ.\n\n٢٣٤٢ - قَالَ صَالِحٌ: وَكَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَكِّيُّ، يُحَدِّثَانِ، بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n٢٣٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ ⦗١٩٤⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٢٣٤٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: \" أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ، ﵇ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حِينَ دَلَكَتِ الشَّمْسُ يَعْنِي حِينَ زَالَتْ. قَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ، فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى هَذَا النَّسَقِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ: ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ، فَصَلَّى \"\n\n٢٣٤٥ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ، (حِينَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ) وَقْتٌ وَاحِدٌ، فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ، فَصَلَّى،\n\n٢٣٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَزَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ سَعْدَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٣٤٧ - وَلَمْ أَرَ ذِكْرَ الْعَدَدِ إِلَّا فِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ\n\n٢٣٤٨ - فَحَدِيثُ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا فُرِضَتْ بِمَكَّةَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فُرِضَتْ أَرْبَعًا ⦗١٩٥⦘.\n\n٢٣٤٩ - ذَهَبَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ إِلَى أَنَّهُنَّ فُرِضْنَ حِينَ فُرِضْنَ بِأَعْدَادِهِنَّ، وَعَلَيْهِ يَدُلُّ حَدِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ. إِلَّا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ أَصَحُّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":192},{"text":"٢٣٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ بُرْدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ فِي وَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ»\n\n٢٣٥١ - وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ مُرْسَلًا، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْعَبْدَوِيُّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَاعِدٍ الْهَاشِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الصَّوَّافُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ بِشْرٍ الْحَارِثِيُّ أَبُو الرَّدَّادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بُرْدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، \" أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُعَلِّمُهُ الصَّلَاةَ، فَجَاءَهُ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، تَقَدَّمَ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلْفَهُ، وَالنَّاسُ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى هَذَا النَّسَقِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الْأَوَّلِ: حِينَ وَجَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَقَالَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي: ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ حِينَ وَجَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِوَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ \"","vol":"2","page":195},{"text":"٢٣٥٢ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُ نَتَنَاضَلُ، حَتَّى نَدْخُلَ بُيُوتَ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ نَنْظُرُ إِلَى مَوَاقِعِ النَّبْلِ مِنَ الْإِسْفَارِ»","vol":"2","page":195},{"text":"٢٣٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْنَا عَلَى جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ جَابِرٌ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ نَنْصَرِفُ فَنَأْتِي بَنِي سَلَمَةَ، فَنُبْصِرُ مَوَاقِعَ النَّبْلِ»","vol":"2","page":196},{"text":"٢٣٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، مَوْلَى التَّوْءَمَةِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ نَنْصَرِفُ فَنَأْتِي السُّوقَ، وَلَوْ رُمِيَ بِنُبْلٍ لَرُئِيَ مَوَاقِعُهَا»\n\n٢٣٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، مَعْنَى هَذَيْنِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، رَوَيْنَا مَعْنَاهُمَا فِي حَدِيثِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، وَهُوَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ","vol":"2","page":196},{"text":"٢٣٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ يُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ إِذَا غَابَ حَاجِبُ الشَّمْسِ، وَيَحْلِفُ: وَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ إِنَّهُ الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ⦗١٩٧⦘: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨] \"\n\n٢٣٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ النَّصْرَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَيَحْلِفُ إِنَّهُ الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨].\n\n٢٣٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ حَفِظَ غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَضْلِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا لَهَا وَقْتٌ غَيْرُهُ ٢٣٥٩ - وَضُعِّفَ بِهَذَا، وَبِحَدِيثِ بُرْدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُمَا بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٣٦٠ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: لَهَا وَقْتَانِ. وَرَوَوْا فِي ذَلِكَ رِوَايَةً لَا نَعْرِفُهَا،\n\n٢٣٦١ - رَوَوْا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَطَاءٍ حَدِيثًا رَفَعَاهُ، وَقَدْ عَرَفْنَا مِنْ رِوَايَتِهِمَا غَيْرَ هَذَا.\n\n٢٣٦٢ - فَذَكَرَ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَطَاءٍ.\n\n٢٣٦٣ - وَالَّذِي عِنْدَنَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، مَا رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ: «صَلِّ مَعَنَا». فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَفِيهِ: ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ وَجَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ. وَقَالَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي: ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ قَبْلَ غَيْبُوبَةِ الشَّفَقِ،\n\n٢٣٦٤ - وَظَاهِرُ الْخَبَرَيْنِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ سُؤَالَ السَّائِلِ عَنْ أَوْقَاتِ الصَّلَوَاتِ غَيْرُ قِصَّةِ إِمَامَةِ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ ⦗١٩٨⦘،\n\n٢٣٦٥ - وَقَدْ عَلَّقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْقَوْلَ فِيهِ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ","vol":"2","page":196},{"text":"٢٣٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَفُوتُ حَتَّى يَغِيبَ الشَّفَقُ، وَكَانَتْ حُجَّتُهُ أَنْ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:  «لَا تَفُوتُ صَلَاةٌ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ وَقْتُ الْأُخْرَى»\n\n٢٣٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ نَاصِرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الدَّيْبُلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ صُبْحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٣٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ: وَهَذَا مَذْهَبٌ، وَقَدْ يَفُوتُ الصُّبْحُ قَبْلَ دُخُولِ وَقْتِ غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْمَكْتُوبَاتِ، وَهَذَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ:\n\n٢٣٦٩ - وَذَهَبَ غَيْرُنَا إِلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّاهَا فِي وَقْتَيْنِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَبَتَ لَقُلْنَا بِهِ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى\n\n٢٣٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ صَلَّاهَا فِي وَقْتَيْنِ\n\n٢٣٧١ - وَفِيهِ حَدِيثَانِ آخَرَانِ أَصَحُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ: أَحَدُهُمَا: حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ بْنِ حُصَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَالْآخَرُ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"2","page":198},{"text":"٢٣٧٢ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ قَالَ ⦗١٩٩⦘: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرَمِيُّ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَهُ عَنْ وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ: «صَلِّ مَعَنَا هَذَيْنِ» - يَعْنِي الْيَوْمَيْنِ -، فَلَمَّا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَأَذَّنَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الظُّهْرَ. ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْعَصْرَ. وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ نَقِيَّةٌ. ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ. ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْعِشَاءَ حِينَ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ. ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْفَجْرَ حِينَ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ. فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّانِي أَمَرَهُ فَأَبْرَدَ بِالظُّهْرِ فَأَبْرَدَ بِهَا. فَأَنْعَمَ أَنْ يُبْرِدَ بِهَا وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ. أَخَّرَهَا فَوْقَ الَّذِي كَانَ. وَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغِيبَ الشَّفَقُ. وَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ بَعْدَمَا ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ. وَصَلَّى الْفَجْرَ فَأَسْفَرَ بِهَا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ عَنْ وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ». فَقَالَ: الرَّجُلُ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «وَقْتُ صَلَاتِكُمْ بَيْنَ مَا رَأَيْتُمْ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ،\n\n٢٣٧٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"2","page":198},{"text":"٢٣٧٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَدْرُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ح،\n\n٢٣٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِحَدِيثِهِ هَذَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ ⦗٢٠٠⦘ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ بَدْرِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى، سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ سَائِلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ مَوَاقِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا، قَالَ: فَأَقَامَ الْفَجْرَ حِينَ انْشَقَّ الْفَجْرُ. وَالنَّاسُ لَا يَكَادُ يَعْرِفُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ بِالظُّهْرِ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَالْقَائِلُ يَقُولُ: قَدِ انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ، وَهُوَ كَانَ أَعْلَمُ مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ بِالْعَصْرِ وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ بِالْمَغْرِبِ حِينَ وَقَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْعِشَاءَ حِينَ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ، ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ الْفَجْرَ مِنَ الْغَدِ حَتَّى انْصَرَفَ مِنْهَا، الْقَائِلُ يَقُولُ: قَدْ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَوْ كَادَتْ ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى كَانَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ بِالْأَمْسِ، ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ الْعَصْرَ حَتَّى انْصَرَفَ مِنْهَا، وَالْقَائِلُ يَقُولُ: قَدِ احْمَرَّتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ الْمَغْرِبَ حَتَّى كَانَ عِنْدَ سُقُوطِ الشَّفَقِ، ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ الْعِشَاءَ حَتَّى كَانَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ الْأَوَّلُ. ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ فَدَعَا السَّائِلَ فَقَالَ: «الْوَقْتُ بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ\n\n٢٣٧٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ بَدْرِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ الْمَغْرِبَ، حَتَّى كَانَ عِنْدَ سُقُوطِ الشَّفَقِ»\n\n٢٣٧٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ بَدْرِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، وَقَالَا فِي الظُّهْرِ: حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَالْقَائِلُ يَقُولُ: «قَدِ انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ، وَهُوَ كَانَ أَعْلَمُ مِنْهُمْ»،\n\n٢٣٧٨ - وَالَّذِي يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قِصَّةُ الْمَسْأَلَةِ عَنِ الْمَوَاقِيتِ بِالْمَدِينَةَ، وَقِصَّةُ إِمَامَةِ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ بِمَكَّةَ، وَالْوَقْتُ الْآخَرُ لِصَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ زِيَادَةٌ عَنْهُ وَرُخْصَةٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":199},{"text":"٢٣٧٩ - وَفِيهِ حَدِيثٌ ثَالِثٌ مَأْخُوذٌ مِنْ لَفْظِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَحْمَشٍ الْفَقِيهُ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْلِ سَمَاعِهِ قَالَ ⦗٢٠١⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ وَقْتِ الصَّلَوَاتِ، فَقَالَ: «وَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ مَا لَمْ يَطْلُعْ قَرْنُ الشَّمْسِ الْأَوَّلُ، وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَنْ بَطْنِ السَّمَاءِ مَا لَمْ يَحْضُرِ الْعَصْرُ، وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مَا لَمْ تَصْفَرَّ الشَّمْسُ، وَيَسْقُطْ قَرْنُهَا الْأَوَّلُ، وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ إِذَا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ مَا لَمْ يَسْقُطِ الشَّفَقُ، وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ إِلَى نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ،\n\n٢٣٨٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، وَشُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَهَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِيَ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ: فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُمُ الْمَغْرِبَ فَإِنَّهُ وَقْتٌ إِلَى أَنْ يَسْقُطَ الشَّفَقُ\n\n٢٣٨١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ: وَوَقْتُ الْمَغْرِبِ مَا لَمْ يَسْقُطْ نُورُ الشَّفَقِ،\n\n٢٣٨٢ - وَقَالَ شُعْبَةُ: رَفَعَهُ مَرَّةً، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ.\n\n٢٣٨٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ: وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ، مَا لَمْ يَغِبِ الشَّفَقُ، وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ مِنْ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ مَا لَمْ تَطْلُعِ الشَّمْسُ، وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ إِلَى نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ","vol":"2","page":200},{"text":"٢٣٨٤ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ، فَقَدْ رَوَتْ عَائِشَةُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْتَمَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ - يَعْنِي بِالْعِشَاءِ - حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عَامَّةُ اللَّيْلِ، وَحَتَّى نَامَ أَهْلُ الْمَسْجِدِ، ثُمَّ رَاحَ فَصَلَّى، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ لَوَقْتُهَا لَوْلَا أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي» ⦗٢٠٢⦘\n\n٢٣٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُغِيرَةُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ، أَخْبَرَتْهُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: أَعْتَمَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٣٨٦ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَأَبَا سَعِيدٍ، وَجَابِرَ رَوَوْا هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ، وَلَمْ يُجَاوِزُوا بِهِ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ\n\n٢٣٨٧ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ لِلصَّلَاةِ أَوَّلًا وَآخِرًا». فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ وَقْتِ الْمَغْرِبِ حِينَ تَغْرُبُ الشَّمْسُ، وَإِنَّ آخِرَ وَقْتِهَا حِينَ يَغِيبُ الْأُفُقُ، وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ وَقْتِ الْعِشَاءِ حِينَ يَغِيبُ الْأُفُقُ، وَإِنَّ آخِرَ وَقْتِهَا حِينَ يَنْتَصِفُ اللَّيْلُ» ⦗٢٠٣⦘\n\n٢٣٨٨ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ، وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، وَقَالُوا: الصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ غَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ مُرْسَلًا قَالَ: كَانَ يُقَالُ إِنَّ لِلصَّلَاةِ أَوَّلًا، وَآخِرًا","vol":"2","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-113>تَسْمِيَةُ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ بِالْعِشَاءِ دُونَ الْعَتَمَةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":204},{"text":"٢٣٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَغْلِبَنَّكُمُ الْأَعْرَابُ عَلَى اسْمِ صَلَاتِكُمْ هِيَ الْعِشَاءُ، أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ يَعْتِمُونَ بِالْإِبِلِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"2","page":204},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-114>الشَّفَقُ</span>","vol":"2","page":205},{"text":"٢٣٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، \" الشَّفَقُ: الْحُمْرَةُ الَّتِي فِي الْمَغْرِبِ، لَيْسَ الْبَيَاضُ، رَأَيْتُ الْعَرَبَ يُسَمِّي الشَّفَقَ: الْحُمْرَةَ، وَالدِّينُ عَرَبِيٌّ، فَكَانَ هَذَا مِنْ أَوَّلِ مَعَانِيهِ \"\n\n٢٣٩١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الشَّفَقُ: الْحُمْرَةُ","vol":"2","page":205},{"text":"٢٣٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُؤْمِنِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: \" أَنَّ الشَّفَقَ: الْحُمْرَةُ \"\n\n٢٣٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَشَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ﵃، وَلَا يَصِحُّ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ","vol":"2","page":205},{"text":"مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ\n\n٢٣٩٤ - وَقَدْ مَضَى فِيهِ حَدِيثُ الرَّبِيعِ عَالِيًا","vol":"2","page":206},{"text":"٢٣٩٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، يُحَدِّثُونَهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الصُّبْحِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الصُّبْحَ، وَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الْعَصْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْعَصْرَ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٠٧⦘.\n\n٢٣٩٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنَ الصُّبْحِ رَكْعَةً قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، وَرَكْعَةً بَعْدَمَا تَطْلُعُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَهَا. وَهَكَذَا قَالَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَبَعْدَهَا،\n\n٢٣٩٧ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الزَّاهِدُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، فَذَكَرَهُ عَنْهُمْ.\n\n٢٣٩٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقَالَ: فَلْيُتِمَّ صَلَاتَهُ،\n\n٢٣٩٩ - وَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَلْيُصَلِّ إِلَيْهَا أُخْرَى،\n\n٢٤٠٠ - وَقَالَهُ أَيْضًا عَزْرَةُ بْنُ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُفْتِي بِذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":206},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-116>الْأَذَانُ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ</span>","vol":"2","page":208},{"text":"٢٤٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ بِلَالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بِلَيْلٍ، فَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى تَسْمَعُوا أَذَانَ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ»","vol":"2","page":208},{"text":"٢٤٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ بِلَالًا يُنَادِي بِلَيْلٍ، فَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يُنَادِيَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ». قَالَ:\n\n٢٤٠٣ - وَكَانَ رَجُلًا أَعْمَى لَا يُنَادِي حَتَّى يُقَالَ لَهُ: أَصْبَحْتَ أَصْبَحْتَ\n\n٢٤٠٤ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْجَدِيدِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، مُرْسَلًا.\n\n٢٤٠٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":208},{"text":"٢٤٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٢٠٩⦘ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ بِلَالًا يُنَادِي بِلَيْلٍ فَكُلُوا، وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يُنَادِيَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ»\n\n٢٤٠٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: كَانَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ رَجُلًا أَعْمَى لَا يُنَادِي حَتَّى يُقَالَ لَهُ: أَصْبَحْتَ أَصْبَحْتَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، وَرَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ مَالِكٍ مَوْصُولًا. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ مَوْصُولًا وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"2","page":208},{"text":"٢٤٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ بِلَالًا يُنَادِي بِلَيْلٍ فَكُلُوا، وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يُنَادِيَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ» ⦗٢١٠⦘\n\n٢٤٠٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ أَيْضًا عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ\n\n٢٤١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٢٤١١ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٤١٢ - وَأَخْرَجَا فِي أَذَانِ بِلَالٍ بِاللَّيْلِ حَدِيثَ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ\n\n٢٤١٣ - وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ،\n\n٢٤١٤ - وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ حَدِيثَ زِيَادِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِيِّ\n\n٢٤١٥ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْقَرَظِ قَالَ ⦗٢١١⦘: «أَذَّنَّا فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِقُبَاءَ، وَفِي زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَكَانَ أَذَانُنَا لِلصُّبْحِ لِوَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ فِي الشِّتَاءِ لِسَبْعٍ وَنِصْفٍ تَبْقَى، وَفِي الصَّيْفِ لِسَبْعٍ يَبْقَى مِنْهُ»\n\n٢٤١٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الْكِنَانِيِّ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، وَكَانَ قَدْ زَادَ عَلَى الثَّمَانِينَ أَوْ زَاهَقَهَا قَالَ: فَأَدْرَكْتُ مُنْذُ كُنْتُ آلَ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ يُؤَذِّنُونَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ بِلَيْلٍ، وَسَمِعْتُ مَنْ سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُمْ يَحْكِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ آبَائِهِ.\n\n٢٤١٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «عَجِّلُوا الْأَذَانَ بِالصُّبْحِ، يُدْلِجِ الْمُدْلِجُ، وَتَخْرُجِ الْعَاهِرَةُ»\n\n٢٤١٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «إِنَّ بَعْدَ النِّدَاءِ بِالصُّبْحِ لَحِزْبًا حَسَنًا، إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ»\n\n٢٤١٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ بْنِ غَرْقَدَةَ، عَنْ حِبَّانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ عَلِيًّا بِدَيْرِ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَهُوَ يَتَسَحَّرُ، فَقَالَ: «ادْنُ فَاطْعَمْ»، قُلْتُ: إِنِّي أُرِيدُ الصَّوْمَ قَالَ: «وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الصَّوْمَ» فَطَعِمَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَمَرَ ابْنَ التَّيَّاحِ، فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ\n\n٢٤٢٠ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ لَا يَأْمُرُ بِالْإِقَامَةِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ النِّدَاءِ، وَحِينَ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ أَمَرَ بِالْإِقَامَةِ ⦗٢١٢⦘.\n\n٢٤٢١ - فَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَذَانَ كَانَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ،\n\n٢٤٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ الْخَطِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عَلِيٍّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٢٤٢٣ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَخَالَفَنَا فِي هَذَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: لَا يُؤَذَّنُ الصُّبْحُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ، وَهِيَ كَغَيْرِهَا،\n\n٢٤٢٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا أَنَّ بِلَالًا أَذَّنَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ، فَأَمَرَ فَنَادَى أَلَا إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ نَامَ\n\n٢٤٢٥ - قُلْنَا: قَدْ سَمِعْنَا تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَةَ، فَرَأَيْنَا أَهْلَ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَاحِيَتِكَ لَا يُثْبِتُونَهَا، وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَلَا يَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهَا حُجَّةٌ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِالْإِسْنَادِ الصَّحِيحِ قَوْلَنَا\n\n٢٤٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَالْأَذَانُ بِاللَّيْلِ صَحِيحٌ ثَابِتٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"2","page":209},{"text":"٢٤٢٧ - وَأَمَّا الْمُعَارَضَةُ فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَدَاوُدُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ، الْمَعْنَى قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٢١٣⦘: أَنَّ بِلَالًا، أَذَّنَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فَيُنَادِيَ: «أَلَا إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ نَامَ، أَلَا إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ نَامَ»\n\n٢٤٢٨ - زَادَ أَبُو مُوسَى: «فَرَجَعَ فَنَادَى أَلَا إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ نَامَ»\n\n٢٤٢٩ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَمْ يَرْوِهِ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، إِلَّا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ.\n\n٢٤٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ: هُوَ عِنْدِي خَطَأٌ، لَمْ يُتَابَعْ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَلَى هَذَا\n\n٢٤٣١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ سَاءَ حِفْظُهُ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ. فَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ مَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ الْحُفَّاظُ\n\n٢٤٣٢ - وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ مَعْمَرٌ: فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ مَرَّةً بِلَيْلٍ. فَذَكَرَهُ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٢٤٣٣ - وَخَالَفَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَرَوَى عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَذَانَ بِلَالٍ بِاللَّيْلِ،\n\n٢٤٣٤ - كَمَا رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٢١٤⦘.\n\n٢٤٣٥ - وَكَمَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٢٤٣٦ - وَإِنَّمَا الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نَافِعٌ، عَنْ مُؤَذِّنٍ، لِعُمَرَ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُرَوِّحٌ، أَذَّنَ قَبْلَ الصُّبْحِ، فَأَمَرَهُ عُمَرُ، ذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ.\n\n٢٤٣٧ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، أَنَّ مُؤَذِّنًا، لِعُمَرَ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُرَوِّحٌ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ.\n\n٢٤٣٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كَانَ لِعُمَرَ مُؤَذِّنٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ مِسْعَرٌ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ\n\n٢٤٣٩ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ مِنْ ذَاكَ، يَعْنِي حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ أَصَحُّ\n\n٢٤٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ،\n\n٢٤٤١ - الصَّوَابُ حَدِيثُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَمَا مَضَى قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْهُ\n\n٢٤٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ مُرْسَلًا، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، مُرْسَلًا.\n\n٢٤٤٣ - وَرَوَى شَدَّادٌ، مَوْلَى عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: «لَا تُؤَذِّنْ حَتَّى يَسْتَبِينَ لَكَ الْفَجْرُ» هَكَذَا.\n\n٢٤٤٤ - وَشَدَّادٌ مَوْلَى عِيَاضٍ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ بِلَالًا،\n\n٢٤٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: قَالَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ⦗٢١٥⦘\n\n٢٤٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ ضَعِيفَةٍ، وَبِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ لَا يُتْرَكُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الصَّحِيحَةِ مَعَ فِعْلِ أَهْلِ الْحَرَمَيْنِ","vol":"2","page":212},{"text":"٢٤٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْمُعَدِّلِ، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِلَالًا أَنْ يُعِيدَ الْأَذَانَ، فَقَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ بِلَالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بِلَيْلٍ، فَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا»\n\n٢٤٤٨ - قُلْتُ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعِيدَ الْأَذَانَ قَالَ: لَا لَمْ يَزَلِ الْأَذَانُ عِنْدَنَا بِلَيْلٍ\n\n٢٤٤٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِفِعْلِ أَهْلِ الْحَرَمَيْنِ، وَسَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: هَذَا مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، وَلَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَسْجِدَيْنِ، وَالْمُؤَذِّنِينَ، وَالْأَئِمَّةَ الَّذِينَ أَقَرُّوهُمْ وَالْفُقَهَاءَ، لَمْ يُقِيمُوا مِنْ هَذَا عَلَى غَلَطٍ، وَلَا أَقَرُّوهُ وَلَا احْتَاجُوا فِيهِ إِلَى عِلْمِ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَلَا لِغَيْرِهِمُ الدُّخُولُ بِهَذَا عَلَيْهِمْ.\n\n٢٤٥٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَعَلَّمُوا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَلَا تَعَدُّوهَا، وَقَدِّمُوهَا، وَلَا تُؤَخِّرُوهَا»\n\n٢٤٥١ - وَقَالَ: «قُوَّةُ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مِثْلُ قُوَّةِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ» يَعْنِي: نُبْلَ الرَّأْيِ.\n\n٢٤٥٢ - وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗٢١٦⦘: «الْإِيمَانُ يَمَانٍ، وَالْحِكْمَةُ يَمَانِيَةٌ»\n\n٢٤٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَكَّةُ، وَالْمَدِينَةُ يَمَانِيَّتَانِ، مَعَ مَا دَلَّ بِهِ عَلَى فَضْلِهِمْ فِي عِلْمِهِمْ","vol":"2","page":215},{"text":"٢٤٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، لَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يُوشِكُ النَّاسُ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوا آبَاطَ الْإِبِلِ فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ، فَلَا يَجِدُونَ عَالِمًا أَعْلَمَ مِنْ عَالِمِ الْمَدِينَةِ»\n\n٢٤٥٥ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، لَمْ يَشُكَّ، وَقَالَ: «أَكْبَادَ» بَدَلَ: آبَاطَ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ «فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ»","vol":"2","page":216},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-117>إِذَا طَهُرَتِ الْحَائِضُ فِي وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ أَوْ فِي وَقْتِ الْعِشَاءِ</span>","vol":"2","page":217},{"text":"٢٤٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُرَيْحُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَرْبُوعٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مَوْلًى لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا طَهُرَتِ الْحَائِضُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ صَلَّتِ الظُّهْرَ، وَالْعَصْرَ جَمِيعًا، وَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ صَلَّتِ الْمَغْرِبَ، وَالْعِشَاءَ جَمِيعًا»","vol":"2","page":217},{"text":"٢٤٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا طَهُرَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فِي وَقْتِ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، فَلْتَبْدَأْ بِالظُّهْرِ فَلْتُصَلِّهَا، ثُمَّ لِتُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، وَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ فِي وَقْتِ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ فَلْتَبْدَأْ فَلْتُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ»\n\n٢٤٥٨ - تَابَعَهُ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٢١٨⦘،\n\n٢٤٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ.\n\n٢٤٦٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ الِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِالسُّنَّةِ فِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ بِعَرَفَةَ، وَبِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ بِمَا رُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"2","page":217},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-118>مَنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يُفِقْ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ فِي حَالِ الْعُذْرِ، وَالضَّرُورَةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":219},{"text":"٢٤٦١ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَنْ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ الْآيَةِ فِي مُخَاطَبَةِ أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ بِالْأَمْرِ، وَالنَّهْيِ، بِابْنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n٢٤٦٢ - وَهُوَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ: «أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَذَهَبَ عَقْلُهُ، فَلَمْ يَقْضِ الصَّلَاةَ» ⦗٢٢٠⦘\n\n٢٤٦٣ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا نَرَى أَنَّ الْوَقْتَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَفَاقَ، وَهُوَ فِي الْوَقْتِ، فَإِنَّهُ يَقْضِي هَكَذَا رِوَايَةُ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٢٤٦٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً فَلَمْ يَقْضِ».\n\n٢٤٦٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّهُ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ، فَلَمْ يَقْضِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ».\n\n٢٤٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَرَى فِيمَا يَرَى - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ -، أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ مَرْفُوعَةٌ عَنِ الْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً، فَلَمْ يَقْضِ شَيْئًا، وَلَمْ يُرْوَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ لَا يَقْضِ.\n\n٢٤٦٧ - وَقَدْ يَكُونُ أَفَاقَ فِي وَقْتِ الْخَامِسَةِ فَلَمْ يَقْضِ","vol":"2","page":219},{"text":"٢٤٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُبَشِّرٍ،، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، مَوْلَى عَمَّارٍ: أَنَّ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ، «أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ، وَالْمَغْرِبِ، وَالْعِشَاءِ، فَأَفَاقَ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ، فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، وَالْعَصْرَ، وَالْمَغْرِبَ، وَالْعِشَاءَ» ⦗٢٢١⦘\n\n٢٤٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ مَذْهَبُ عَمَّارٍ فِيمَا نَرَى - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ لَيْسَتْ بِمَوْضُوعَةٍ عَنِ الْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ، كَمَا لَا يَكُونُ الصَّوْمُ مَوْضُوعًا عَنْهُ، وَلَمْ يُرْوَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَوْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيَّ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ لَا أُفِيقُ حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ وَقْتُ الْخَامِسَةِ لَمْ أَقْضِ\n\n٢٤٧٠ - وَلَيْسَ هَذَا أَيْضًا بِثَابِتٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ حَمَلَ فِعْلَ عَمَّارٍ عَلَى الِاسْتِحْبَابِ إِنْ لَوَ ثَبَتَ عَنْهُ\n\n٢٤٧١ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمَّارٍ: أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ، لِأَنَّ رَاوِيَهُ يَزِيدُ مَوْلَى عَمَّارٍ وَهُوَ مَجْهُوَلٌ\n\n٢٤٧٢ - وَالرَّاوِي عَنْهُ: إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّدِّيُّ، كَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يُضَعِّفُهُ، وَلَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ لَا يَرَيَانِ بِهِ بَأْسًا","vol":"2","page":220},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-119>بَابُ الْأَذَانِ</span>","vol":"2","page":223},{"text":"٢٤٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا نَادَيْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ اتَّخَذُوهَا هُزُوًا وَلَعِبًا﴾ [المائدة: ٥٨]،\n\n٢٤٧٤ - وَقَالَ: ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩]،\n\n٢٤٧٥ - فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الْأَذَانَ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَذَكَرَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَكَانَ بَيِّنًا - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ بِالْآيَتَيْنِ مَعًا ⦗٢٢٤⦘\n\n٢٤٧٦ - قَالَ: وَسَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَذَانَ لِلْمَكْتُوبَاتِ، وَلَمْ يَحْفَظْ عَنْهُ أَحَدٌ عَلِمْتُهُ أَنَّهُ: «أَمَرَ بِالْأَذَانِ لِغَيْرِ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ»، بَلْ حَفِظَ الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ: يَأْمُرُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ الْمُؤَذِّنَ فَيَقُولُ: «الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ»","vol":"2","page":223},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-120>حِكَايَةُ الْأَذَانِ</span>","vol":"2","page":224},{"text":"٢٤٧٧ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: الْأَذَانُ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، فَذَكَرَ الْأَذَانَ بِالتَّرْجِيعِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: وَهَذَا أَذَانُ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ.\n\n٢٤٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَرِيرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ ⦗٢٢٥⦘: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَلْقَى هَذَا الْأَذَانَ عَلَيْهِ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ اللَّهَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»\n\n٢٤٧٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، عَلِّمْنِي سُنَّةَ الْأَذَانِ قَالَ: فَمَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رَأْسِهِ قَالَ: تَقُولُ: فَذَكَرَ الْأَذَانَ بِالتَّرْجِيعِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الْمَرَّةِ الْأُولَى تَخْفِضُ بِهَا صَوْتَكَ، ثُمَّ تَرْفَعُ صَوْتَكَ بِالشَّهَادَةِ»، فَذَكَرَهَا، وَقَالَ: \" فَإِنْ كَانَ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ، قُلْتَ: الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ \"\n\n٢٤٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ أَبُو قُدَامَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":224},{"text":"٢٤٨١ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَحَدَّثَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ بِلَالِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، مُؤَذِّنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا أَذَّنَ قَالَ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ⦗٢٢٦⦘ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»\n\n٢٤٨٢ - قَالَ: وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْإِقَامَةُ قَالَهَا مَرَّةً، إِقَامَتُهُ كُلُّهَا، وَلَمْ يُرَجِّعْ كَمَا رَجَّعَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ.\n\n٢٤٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَائِذٍ الْقَرَظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، وَعَمَّارٌ، وَعُمَرُ، ابْنَا حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ الْقَرَظِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَذَانَ أَذَانُ بِلَالٍ، الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَإِقَامَتُهُ، فَذَكَرَ الْأَذَانَ، وَالْإِقَامَةَ» مِثْلَ مَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ فِي آخِرِهِ: وَلَمْ يُرَجِّعْ كَمَا وَقَعَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ.\n\n٢٤٨٤ - وَالرَّجُلُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ، أَظُنُّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، وَقَالَ: عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ نَسَبُهُ إِلَى جَدِّهِ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ عَمَّارَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ وَالتَّقْصِيرُ رَجَعَ مِنْ جِهَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ -\n\n٢٤٨٥ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: يَزِيدُ آلُ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ فِي الْأَذَانِ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ فِي الْأَذَانِ حِينَ يَبْتَدِئُونَهُ، وَفِي الْإِقَامَةِ قَدْ ⦗٢٢٧⦘ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ ثَانِيَةً، وَكَذَلِكَ أَدْرَكْتُهُمْ يُؤَذِّنُونَ أَرْبَعًا تَتَابُعًا","vol":"2","page":225},{"text":"٢٤٨٦ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعْدَ الْقَرَظِ فِي إِمَارَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، يُؤَذِّنُ بِالْأَذَانِ الْأَوَّلِ فَيَقُولُ فِي أَذَانِهِ: \" أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يُرَجِّعُ فَيَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ \"","vol":"2","page":227},{"text":"٢٤٨٧ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ الَّذِي اعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْجَدِيدِ.\n\n٢٤٨٨ - وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُحَيْرِيزِ، أَخْبَرَهُ وَكَانَ يَتِيمًا فِي حِجْرِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ حِينَ جَهَّزَهُ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ: أَيْ عَمِّ، إِنِّي خَارِجٌ إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ أُسْأَلَ عَنْ تَأْذِينِكَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي أَبَا مَحْذُورَةَ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. خَرَجْنَا فِي نَفَرٍ فَكُنَّا فِي بَعْضِ طَرِيقِ حُنَيْنٍ، فَقَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنْ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَقِيَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ، فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَمِعْنَا صَوْتَ الْمُؤَذِّنِ، وَنَحْنُ مُتَنَكِّبُونَ، فَصَرَخْنَا نَحْكِيهِ، وَنَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِ فَسَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْنَا، إِلَى أَنْ وَقَفْنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَيُّكُمُ الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتَهُ قَدِ ارْتَفَعَ؟». فَأَشَارَ الْقَوْمُ كُلُّهُمْ إِلَيَّ وَصَدَقُوا، فَأَرْسَلَ كُلَّهُمْ وَحَبَسَنِي، فَقَالَ: «قُمْ فَأَذِّنْ بِالصَّلَاةِ». فَقُمْتُ، وَلَا شَيْءَ أَكْرَهُ إِلَيَّ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَا مِمَّا ⦗٢٢٨⦘ يَأْمُرُنِي بِهِ، فَقُمْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَلْقَى عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، التَّأْذِينَ هُوَ نَفْسُهُ، فَقَالَ: \" قُلْ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ \"، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: «ارْجِعْ وَاصْدُدْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" قُلْ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ \". ثُمَّ دَعَانِي حِينَ قَضَيْتُ التَّأْذِينَ فَأَعْطَانِي صُرَّةً فِيهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ، ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى نَاصِيَةِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَّهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيْهِ، ثُمَّ عَلَى كَبِدِهِ، ثُمَّ بَلَغَتْ يَدُهُ سُرَّةَ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِيكَ وَبَارَكَ عَلَيْكَ». فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مُرْنِي بِالتَّأْذِينِ بِمَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ: «قَدْ أَمَرْتُكَ بِهِ». وَذَهَبَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ كَرَاهِيَةٍ، وَعَادَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ مَحَبَّةً لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَدِمْتُ عَلَى عَتَّابِ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ، عَامَلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَذَّنْتُ بِالصَّلَاةِ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٢٤٨٩ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي بِذَلِكَ، مَنْ أَدْرَكْتُ مِنْ آلِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ مُحَيْرِيزٍ،\n\n٢٤٩٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ، رَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَبُو عَاصِمٍ، وَرَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ⦗٢٢٩⦘. وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ.\n\n٢٤٩١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَأَدْرَكْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ يُؤَذِّنُ كَمَا حَكَى ابْنُ مُحَيْرِيزٍ،\n\n٢٤٩٢ - وَسَمِعْتُهُ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَعْنَى مَا حَكَى ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n٢٤٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَمِعْتُهُ يُقِيمُ، فَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»\n\n٢٤٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَسِبْتُنِي سَمِعْتُهُ يَحْكِي الْإِقَامَةَ خَبَرًا كَمَا يَحْكِي الْأَذَانَ\n\n٢٤٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ تَابَعَ مَكْحُولٌ الشَّامِيُّ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ سُنَّةَ الْأَذَانِ عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزِ\n\n٢٤٩٦ - وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"2","page":227},{"text":"٢٤٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَيْرِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ قَالَ: عَلَّمَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَذَانَ ⦗٢٣٠⦘: \" اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ تَعُودُ فَتَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ\n\n٢٤٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ فِي التَّرْجِيعِ دُونَ الْإِقَامَةِ.\n\n٢٤٩٩ - وَرَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ فِيهِمَا، وَاخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي لَفْظِهِ فِي الْإِقَامَةِ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ: وَالْإِقَامَةُ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى،\n\n٢٥٠٠ - وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ والْإِقَامَةُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٢٥٠١ - وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ مُفَسَّرًا تَثْنِيَةُ الْإِقَامَةِ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلَّمَهُ الْأَذَانَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ كَلِمَةً، وَالْإِقَامَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ كَلِمَةً،\n\n٢٥٠٢ - وَدَوَامُ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ وَأَوْلَادِهِ عَلَى التَّرْجِيعِ فِي الْآذَانِ، وَإِفْرَادُ الْإِقَامَةِ يُضَعِّفُ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ، أَوْ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ صَارَ إِلَى إِفْرَادِ الْإِقَامَةِ،\n\n٢٥٠٣ - وَلِذَلِكَ أَوْ لِغَيْرِهِ تَرَكَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ رِوَايَةَ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، وَاعْتَمَدَ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، الَّتِي لَيْسَ فِيهَا ذِكْرُ الْإِقَامَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":229},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-121>رَفْعُ الصَّوْتِ بِالْأَذَانِ</span>","vol":"2","page":231},{"text":"٢٥٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ قَالَ لَهُ: «إِنِّي أَرَاكَ تُحِبُّ الْغَنَمَ وَالْبَادِيَةَ، فَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِي غَنَمِكَ، أَوْ بَادِيَتِكَ، فَأَذَّنْتَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَارْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَسْمَعُ مَدَى صَوْتِكَ جِنٌّ، وَلَا إِنْسٌ وَلَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا شَهِدَ لَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٢٥٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَرْمَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الطَّحَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"2","page":231},{"text":"٢٥٠٦ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ، وَكَانَ يَتِيمًا فِي حِجْرِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، إِذَا كُنْتَ فِي هَذِهِ الْبَوَادِي، فَارْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ بِالْأَذَانِ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا يَسْمَعُهُ إِنْسٌ، وَلَا جِنٌّ، وَلَا حَجَرٌ، وَلَا شَجَرٌ إِلَّا شَهِدَ لَهُ»\n\n٢٥٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَالِكٌ أَصَابَ اسْمَ الرَّجُلِ\n\n٢٥٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَهُوَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ الْمَازِنِيُّ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْمَدِينِيُّ، سَمِعَ أَبَاهُ، وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ رَوَى عَنْهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ خُصَيْفَةَ، وَمَالِكٌ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ، سَمِعَ مِنْهُ ابْنَاهُ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ.\n\n٢٥٠٩ - قَالَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٢٥١٠ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":232},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-122>الْكَلَامُ فِي الْأَذَانِ</span>","vol":"2","page":233},{"text":"٢٥١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَأْمُرُ الْمُؤَذِّنَ إِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةً بَارِدَةً ذَاتَ رِيحٍ يَقُولُ:  «أَلَا صَلُّوا فِي الرِّحَالِ»\n\n٢٥١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأُحِبُّ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَأْمُرَ بِهَذَا إِذَا فَرَغَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ مِنْ أَذَانِهِ، فَإِنْ قَالَهُ فِي أَذَانِهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْهِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":233},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-123>الرَّجُلُ يُؤَذِّنُ وَيُقِيمُ غَيْرُهُ</span>","vol":"2","page":234},{"text":"٢٥١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَإِذَا أَذَّنَ الرَّجُلُ أَحْبَبْتُ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى الْإِقَامَةَ لِشَيْءٍ يُرْوَى فِيهِ أَنَّ «مَنْ أَذَّنَ أَقَامَ»","vol":"2","page":234},{"text":"٢٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُقْرِئُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَنْعُمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي زِيَادُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زِيَادَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِيَّ، صَاحِبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فِيهِ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ أَذَانُ الصُّبْحِ أَمَرَنِي فَأَذَّنْتُ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَقُولُ: أُقِيمُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْمَشْرِقِ إِلَى الْفَجْرِ ⦗٢٣٥⦘، فَيَقُولُ: «لَا»، حَتَّى إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ، نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَبَرَّزَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَيَّ، وَقَدْ تَلَاحَقَ أَصْحَابُهُ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْوُضُوءِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَامَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَأَرَادَ بِلَالُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ أَخَا صُدَاءٍ هُوَ أَذَّنَ، وَمَنْ أَذَّنَ فَهُوَ يُقِيمُ» قَالَ الصُّدَائِيُّ: فَأَقَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ غَانِمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ.\n\n٢٥١٥ - وَهَذَا إِنْ ثَبَتَ كَانَ أَوْلَى مِمَّا رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: \" أَنَّ بِلَالًا أَذَّنَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَرَى الرُّؤْيَا، وَيُؤَذِّنُ بِلَالٌ قَالَ: «فَأَقِمْ أَنْتَ» فَأَقَامَ\n\n٢٥١٦ - لِمَا فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَوَّلِ مَا شُرِعَ الْأَذَانُ، وَحَدِيثُ الصُّدَائِيِّ كَانَ بَعْدَهُ","vol":"2","page":234},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-124>الْأَذَانُ، وَالْإِقَامَةُ لِلْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ، وَالصَّلَوَاتِ</span>","vol":"2","page":236},{"text":"٢٥١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: فِي حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ قَالَ: «فَرَاحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، إِلَى الْمَوْقِفِ بِعَرَفَةَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ الْخُطْبَةَ الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، فَفَرَغَ مِنَ الْخُطْبَةِ، وَبِلَالٌ مِنَ الْأَذَانِ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ بِلَالٌ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ»\n\n٢٥١٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي حَجَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِلَّا أَنَّهُ حَكَى خُطْبَتَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، لَمْ يُصَلِّ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا قَالَ: فَلَمَّا أَتَى الْمُزْدَلِفَةَ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ بِأَذَانٍ وَإِقَامَتَيْنِ \" وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ ⦗٢٣٧⦘\n\n٢٥١٩ - وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٢٥٢٠ - وَحَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَجَّةٌ، وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ أَحْسَنَ سِيَاقَةٍ،\n\n٢٥٢١ - وَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ","vol":"2","page":236},{"text":"٢٥٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَوْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٢٣٨⦘.\n\n٢٥٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ الْجَمْعِ بِمُزْدَلِفَةَ بِإِقَامَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ.\n\n٢٥٢٤ - وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ، وَالْعِشَاءَ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ جَمِيعًا، لَمْ يُنَادِ فِي وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا بِإِقَامَةٍ، وَلَمْ يُسَبِّحْ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَلَا عَلَى أَثَرِ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا»\n\n٢٥٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ\n٢٥٢٦ - وَرَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَقَالَ: صَلَّى كُلَّ صَلَاةٍ بِإِقَامَةٍ.\n\n٢٥٢٧ - وَرَوَاهُ شَبَابَةُ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، بِإِقَامَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ\n\n٢٥٢٨ - قَالَ عُثْمَانُ: وَلَمْ يُنَادِ فِي وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا","vol":"2","page":237},{"text":"٢٥٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: \" حُبِسْنَا يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، حَتَّى كَانَ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ يَهْوِي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، حَتَّى كُفِينَا، وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَكَفَى اللَّهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٥]، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِلَالًا فَأَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الظُّهْرَ فَصَلَّاهَا فَأَحْسَنَ صَلَاتَهَا، كَمَا كَانَ يُصَلِّيهَا فِي وَقْتِهَا، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ الْعَصْرَ فَصَلَّاهَا كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ الْمَغْرِبَ فَصَلَّاهَا كَذِلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ الْعِشَاءَ فَصَلَّاهَا كَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا \" قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ ﴿فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٩]\n\n٢٥٣٠ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، لَمْ يُسَمِّ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا: فَأَذَّنَ وَأَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْعَصْرَ فَصَلَّى، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ\n\n٢٥٣١ - وَالْمَحْفُوظُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، مَا رَوَاهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ،\n\n٢٥٣٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَرِوَايَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ أَبْيَنُ فِي الْإِقَامَةِ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ ⦗٢٤٠⦘،\n\n٢٥٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَقَالَ عَنْهُ هُشَيْمٌ: فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَأَذَّنَ، وَأَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ.\n\n٢٥٣٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عَنْهُ هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ،\n\n٢٥٣٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: يُتَابِعُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا بِإِقَامَةِ إِقَامَةٍ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمُ الْأَذَانَ لِغَيْرِ الظُّهْرِ","vol":"2","page":239},{"text":"٢٥٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَسِيرٍ لَهُ، فَنِمْنَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَأَمَرَ الْمُؤَذِّنَ فَأَذَّنَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّيْنَا رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَمْكَنَنَا الصَّلَاةَ صَلَّيْنَا»\n\n٢٥٣٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ فِيهِ: فَنَزَلَ فَدَعَا بِوَضُوءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ، وَنَادَى بِالصَّلَاةِ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n٢٥٣٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ فِيهِ: «يَا بِلَالُ قُمْ فَأَذِّنِ النَّاسَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَتَوَضَّأَ فَلَمَّا ارْتَفَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَابْيَضَّتْ قَامَ فَصَلَّى».\n\n٢٥٣٩ - وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ ⦗٢٤١⦘\n\n٢٥٤٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ فِيهِ: فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَأَذَّنَ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ،\n\n٢٥٤١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَوْصُولًا وَمُرْسَلًا،\n\n٢٥٤٢ - وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا،\n\n٢٥٤٣ - فَالْأَذَانُ فِي الْفَائِتَةِ صَحِيحٌ مَحْفُوظٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٢٥٤٤ - وَاعْتَمَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي الْأُمِّ عَلَى حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي تَرْكِ الْأَذَانِ عِنْدَ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي وَقْتِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِنْهُمَا، وَفِي الْفَائِتَةِ،\n\n٢٥٤٥ - وَقَالَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: إِذَا جَمَعَ الْمُسَافِرُ فِي مَنْزِلٍ يَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ يُثَوِّبَ إِلَيْهِ فِيهِ النَّاسُ أَذَّنَ لِلْأُولَى مِنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ، وَأَقَامَ لَهَا، وَأَقَامَ لِلْأُخْرَى وَلَمْ يُؤَذِّنْ،\n\n٢٥٤٦ - وَإِذَا جَمَعَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ لَا يَنْتَظِرُ فِيهِ أَنْ يُثَوِّبَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ، أَقَامَ لَهُمَا جَمِيعًا، وَلَمْ يُؤَذِّنْ،\n\n٢٥٤٧ - وَخَرَّجَ الْأَخْبَارَ فِي عَرَفَةَ، وَالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ، وَالْخَنْدَقِ، عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ هَاتَيْنِ الْحَالَتَيْنِ،\n\n٢٥٤٨ - وَاسْتَحَبَّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ الْأَذَانَ لِلْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ، وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ،\n٢٥٤٩ - فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْخَنْدَقِ الْأَذَانَ لِلْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا،\n\n٢٥٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْأَذَانَ لِلْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا، وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْأَذَانِ وَالْإِقَامَةِ جَمِيعًا ⦗٢٤٢⦘،\n\n٢٥٥١ - فَرَوَاهُ سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، كَمَا مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ، وَرَوَاهُ أَشْعَثُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِأَذَانٍ وَإِقَامَةٍ،\n\n٢٥٥٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n٢٥٥٣ - وَخَالَفَهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَشَرِيكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرَا فِيهِ الْأَذَانَ،\n\n٢٥٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ الْأَذَانَ،\n\n٢٥٥٥ - وَحَدِيثُ جَابِرٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِأَذَانٍ وَإِقَامَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ زَائِدٌ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":240},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-125>أَخْذُ الْمَرْءِ بِأَذَانِ غَيْرِهِ، وَإِقَامَتِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقُمْ بِهِ</span>","vol":"2","page":243},{"text":"٢٥٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَارَةُ بْنُ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ خُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلًا يُؤَذِّنُ لِلْمَغْرِبِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ: فَانْتَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى رَجُلٍ، وَقَدْ قَالَ: قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «انْزِلُوا فَصَلُّوا الْمَغْرِبَ بِإِقَامَةِ ذَلِكَ الْعَبْدِ الْأَسْوَدِ» وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"2","page":243},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-126>أَذَانُ النِّسَاءِ، وَإِقَامَتُهُنَّ</span>","vol":"2","page":244},{"text":"٢٥٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَيْسَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ أَذَانٌ، وَإِنْ أَذَّنَّ، وَأَقَمْنَ فَلَا بَأْسَ، وَلَا تَجْهَرُ الْمَرْأَةُ بِصَوْتِهَا، وَلَوْ أَذَّنَتْ لِرِجَالٍ لَمْ يُجْزِ عَنْهُمْ أَذَانُهَا»\n\n٢٥٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَيْسَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ أَذَانٌ، وَلَا إِقَامَةٌ،\n\n٢٥٥٩ - وَرُوِيَ هَذَا، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ مَرْفُوعًا وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.\n\n٢٥٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ لَيْثٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُؤَذِّنُ وتُقِيمُ وَتَؤُمُّ النِّسَاءَ، وَتَقُومُ وَسَطَهُنَّ»","vol":"2","page":244},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-127>الْقَوْلُ مِثْلُ مَا يَقُولُ الْمُؤَذِّنُ</span>","vol":"2","page":245},{"text":"٢٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا سَمِعْتُمُ النِّدَاءَ فَقُولُوا مِثْلَ مَا يَقُولُ الْمُؤَذِّنُ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":245},{"text":"٢٥٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُجَمِّعِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أُمَامَةَ بْنُ سَهْلٍ أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا قَالَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ: قَالَ: «أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ». وَإِذَا قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «وَأَنَا» ثُمَّ يَسْكُتُ\n\n٢٥٦٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ بِمِثْلِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٥٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ ذِكْرَ التَّكْبِيرِ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ أَيْضًا ذِكْرَ التَّكْبِيرِ.\n٢٥٦٥ - وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مُخْتَصَرًا.\n\n٢٥٦٦ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ: قَالَ يَحْيَى، فَحَدَّثَنَا صَاحِبٌ لَنَا: أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَالَ: حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ: «لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَكَذَا سَمِعْنَا نَبِيَّكُمْ ﷺ.\n\n٢٥٦٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ","vol":"2","page":246},{"text":"٢٥٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٢٤٧⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيُّ، أَنَّ عِيسَى بْنَ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَقَّاصٍ، قَالَ: إِنِّي لَعِنْدَ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِذْ أَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُهُ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ كَمَا قَالَ مُؤَذِّنُهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا قَالَ: حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، قَالَ: «لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ»، وَلَمَّا قَالَ: حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، قَالَ: «لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَمَا قَالَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ\n\n٢٥٦٩ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ مُعَاوِيَةَ يُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَفِيهِ تَفْسِيرٌ لَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ.\n\n٢٥٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا التَّفْسِيرُ ثَابِتٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي التَّرْغِيبِ فِيهِ بِأَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا قَالَهُ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ","vol":"2","page":246},{"text":"٢٥٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْعَتَكِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْمُطَّلِبِي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «ذَاقَ طَعْمَ الْإِيمَانِ مَنْ رَضِيَ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَبِشْرِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ.\n\n٢٥٧٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" مَنْ قَالَ: حِينَ يَسْمَعُ الْمُؤَذِّنَ: وَأَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ ⦗٢٤٨⦘ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولًا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا غُفِرَ لَهُ \"","vol":"2","page":247},{"text":"٢٥٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ﴾ [الشرح: ٤] قَالَ: «لَا أُذْكَرُ إِلَّا ذُكِرْتَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ»\n\n٢٥٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مَعْنَى هَذَا - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ -: ذِكْرَهُ عِنْدَ الْإِيمَانِ بِاللَّهِ، وَالْأَذَانُ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ ذِكْرَهُ عِنْدَ تِلَاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَعِنْدَ الْعَمَلِ بِالطَّاعَةِ، وَالْوُقُوفِ عَنِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ","vol":"2","page":248},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-128>حِكَايَةُ الْإِقَامَةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":249},{"text":"٢٥٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَلِوَالِدَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، يُقِيمُ، فَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ» ⦗٢٥٠⦘\n\n٢٥٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَسِبْتُنِي سَمِعْتُهُ يَحْكِي الْإِقَامَةَ، خَبَرًا كَمَا يَحْكِي الْأَذَانَ\n\n٢٥٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُ جَدِّي وَأَبِي وَأَهْلِي يُقِيمُونَ فَيَقُولُونَ، فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْإِقَامَةَ.\n\n٢٥٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":249},{"text":"٢٥٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي مَيْسَرَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، ح\n\n٢٥٨٠ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الطَّيِّبِ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، بِخُسْرَوْجِرْدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَدِّي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ أَبَا مَحْذُورَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَشْفَعَ الْأَذَانَ، وَيُوتِرَ الْإِقَامَةَ» ⦗٢٥١⦘\n\n٢٥٨١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي بَقَاءِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، وَأَوْلَادِهِ عَلَى إِفْرَادِ الْإِقَامَةِ دَلَالَةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ عَلَى وَهْمٍ وَقَعَ فِيمَا رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ مِنْ تَثْنِيةِ الْإِقَامَةِ، وَأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ فِي تَثْنِيَةِ كَلِمَةِ التَّكْبِيرِ، وَكَلِمَةِ الْإِقَامَةِ فَقَطْ، فَحَمَلَهَا بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ عَلَى جَمِيعِ كَلِمَاتِهَا\n\n٢٥٨٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ،\n\n٢٥٨٣ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَفِي الْخِلَافِيَّاتِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَحْفُوظَةً فِي جَمِيعِ كَلِمَاتِهَا،\n\n٢٥٨٤ - فَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ صَارَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى إِفْرَادِ الْإِقَامَةِ لَوْلَا ذَلِكَ لَمْ يُقِرُّوا عَلَيْهِ فِي حَرَمِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ثُمَّ أَوْلَادُ سَعْدٍ الْقَرَظِ فِي حَرَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٢٥٨٥ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْهُ فِي تَرْجِيعِ الْأَذَانِ، وَإِفْرَادِ الْإِقَامَةِ: الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهَا تَكَلُّفُ الْأَذَانِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ، وَاللَّيْلَةِ فِي الْمَسْجِدَيْنِ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَمُؤَذِّنُو مَكَّةَ آلُ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، وَقَدْ أَذَّنَ أَبُو مَحْذُورَةَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَعَلَّمَهُ الْأَذَانَ ثُمَّ وَلَدُهُ بِمَكَّةَ، وَأَذَّنَ آلُ سَعْدٍ الْقَرَظِ مُنْذُ زَمَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَزَمَنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَكُلُّهُمْ يَحْكُونَ الْأَذَانَ وَالْإِقَامَةَ، وَالتَّثْوِيبَ، وَقْتَ الْفَجْرِ، كَمَا قُلْنَا\n\n٢٥٨٦ - فَإِنْ جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا غَلَطًا مِنْ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ، وَالنَّاسُ بِحَضْرَتِهِمْ، وَيَأْتِينَا مِنْ طَرَفِ الْأَرْضِ مَنْ يُعَلِّمُنَا، جَازَ لَهُ أَنْ يَسْأَلَنَا عَنْ غُرْمِهِ وَغُرْمِنَا ثُمَّ يُخَالِفَنَا، وَلَوْ خَالَفَنَا فِي الْمَوَاقِيتِ كَانَ أَجْوَزَ لَهُ فِي خِلَافِنَا مِنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ الظَّاهِرِ الْمَعْمُولِ بِهِ، يُرِيدُ: التَّرْجِيعَ فِي الْأَذَانِ، وَإِفْرَادَ الْإِقَامَةِ","vol":"2","page":250},{"text":"٢٥٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٢٥٢⦘: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «أُمِرَ بِلَالٌ أَنْ يَشْفَعَ الْأَذَانَ، وَيُوتِرَ الْإِقَامَةَ»\n\n٢٥٨٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ فَنَجْعَلُ الْإِقَامَةَ وِتْرًا إِلَّا فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِقَامَةِ، وَقَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَإِنَّهُمَا شَفْعٌ.\n\n٢٥٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ مِنْ ثُبُوتِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عَامَّةُ حُفَّاظِ الْحَدِيثِ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ\n\n٢٥٩٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَخَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ\n\n٢٥٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ⦗٢٥٣⦘،\n\n٢٥٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٥٩٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَضِرِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ الْبَلْخِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":251},{"text":"٢٥٩٤ - وَأَمَّا تَثْنِيَةُ كَلِمَةِ الْإِقَامَةِ، فَلِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ بِمَرْوٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الطَّرْطُوسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: \" أُمِرَ بِلَالٌ أَنْ يَشْفَعَ، الْأَذَانَ، وَيُوتِرَ الْإِقَامَةَ، إِلَّا الْإِقَامَةَ: قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ\n\n٢٥٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَبَيِّنٌ فِي طُرُقِ حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِلَالًا بِذَلِكَ، بَعْدَ اخْتِلَافِهِمْ فِيمَا يَجْعَلُونَهُ عَلَامَةً لِمِيقَاتِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَرُؤْيَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي مَنَامِهِ مَا حَكَاهُ فِي الْأَذَانِ وَالْإِقَامَةِ","vol":"2","page":253},{"text":"٢٥٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ الزَّاهِدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ⦗٢٥٤⦘ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّهُمْ ذَكَرُوا الصَّلَاةَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا: «نَوِّرُوا نَارًا، أَوِ اضْرِبُوا نَاقُوسًا، فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا أَنْ يَشْفَعَ الْأَذَانَ، وَيُوتِرَ الْإِقَامَةَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وُهَيْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ\n\n٢٥٩٧ - رَوَيْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَوْحِ بْنِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":253},{"text":"٢٥٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ الْبَيْرُوتِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ شَابُورَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، كَذَا قَالَ: عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حِينَ أَتَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِرُؤْيَاهُ فِي التَّأْذِينِ: «أَمَرَ بِلَالًا أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، وَيُقِيمَ فُرَادَى»\n\n٢٥٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي طَرِيقِ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي أَمْرِ الْأَذَانِ وَالْإِقَامَةِ تَفْسِيرُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي أَحَادِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":254},{"text":"٢٦٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ الضَّبِّيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يَجْتَمِعُونَ فَيَتَحَيَّنُونَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَلَيْسَ ⦗٢٥٥⦘ يُنَادِي بِهَا أَحَدٌ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا يَوْمًا فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ: اتَّخِذُوا نَاقُوسًا مِثْلَ نَاقُوسِ النَّصَارَى، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: قَرْنًا مِثْلَ قَرْنِ الْيَهُوَدِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَوَلَا تَبْعَثُونَ رَجُلًا يُنَادِي بِالصَّلَاةِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «يَا بِلَالُ قُمْ فَنَادِ بِالصَّلَاةِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n٢٦٠١ - وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَعْدَ رُؤْيَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ.\n\n٢٦٠٢ - فَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتِهِ فَخَرَجَ يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ يَقُولُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ مَا أَرَى.\n\n٢٦٠٣ - وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: أَوَلَا تَبْعَثُونَ رَجُلًا يُنَادِي بِالصَّلَاةِ.\n\n٢٦٠٤ - فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِنَّمَا حَضَرَ ذَلِكَ الْمَجْلِسَ بَعْدَ حُضُورِ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ سَمِعَ أَقْوَالَهُمْ فِيمَا يَجْعَلُونَهُ عَلَامَةً لِلْمِيقَاتِ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ سَمِعَ بِلَالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بِمَا حَكَى عُمَرُ، فَأَضَافَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ صِفَةَ أَذَانِ بِلَالٍ وَإِقَامَتِهِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهَا فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ","vol":"2","page":254},{"text":"٢٦٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ ⦗٢٥٦⦘: \" كَانَ الْأَذَانُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، وَالْإِقَامَةُ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، غَيْرَ أَنَّ الْمُؤَذِّنَ إِذَا قَالَ: قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَالَ: مَرَّتَيْنِ «أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي» كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ \" مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ أَبِي الْمُثَنَّى،\n\n٢٦٠٦ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، مُؤَذِّنِ مَسْجِدِ الْعُرْيَانِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْمُثَنَّى، مُؤَذِّنَ مَسْجِدِ الْأَكْبَرِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ\n\n٢٦٠٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُثَنَّى، مُضَافًا إِلَى بِلَالٍ.\n\n٢٦٠٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «كَانَ الْأَذَانُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، وَالْإِقَامَةُ فُرَادَى»\n\n٢٦٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي أَذَانِ بِلَالٍ وَإِقَامَتِهِ، وَحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي حِكَايَةِ الْأَذَانِ وَالْإِقَامَةِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَإِضَافَتِهِ إِلَى بِلَالٍ فِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى ضَعْفِ حَدِيثِ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ، وَالْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ فِي أَذَانِ بِلَالٍ وَإِقَامَتِهِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى ⦗٢٥٧⦘. وَذَلِكَ لِاتِّصَالِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَثِقَةِ رِجَالِهِ، وَانْقِطَاعِ حَدِيثِ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَسُوَيْدٍ إِنْ صَحَّ الطَّرِيقُ إِلَيْهِمَا فَإِنَّهُمَا لَمْ يُدْرِكَا أَذَانَ بِلَالٍ وَإِقَامَتَهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُؤَذِّنْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقِيلَ: بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ﵁، وَفِي رِجَالِ حَدِيثِهِمَا مَنْ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَقَدْ مَضَى بَيَانُ ذَلِكَ فِي الْخِلَافِيَّاتِ،\n\n٢٦١٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فِي رُؤْيَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَأَذَانِ بِلَالٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: أَمْلَى عَلَيْنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: لَا نَعْلَمُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى رَأَى بِلَالًا قَطُّ، عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَبِلَالٌ بِالشَّامِ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يُدْخِلُ بَيْنَهُ، وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ رَجُلًا لَا نَعْرِفُهُ وَلَيْسَ يَقْبَلَهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n٢٦١١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فِي رُؤْيَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْأَذَانَ وَالْإِقَامَةَ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «عَلِّمْهَا بِلَالًا»، وَحِكَايَةُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَذَانَ بِلَالٍ، وَإِقَامَتَهُ فِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ فِي قِصَّةِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ.\n\n٢٦١٢ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، وَلَا مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ، صَاحِبِ الْأَذَانِ، فَغَيْرُ جَائِزٍ أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِخَبَرٍ غَيْرِ ثَابِتٍ عَلَى أَخْبَارٍ ثَابِتَةٍ ⦗٢٥٨⦘. وَهَذَا فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظِ، أَنَّ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بِذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٦١٣ - وَكَمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ بِلَالٍ، وَلَا أَدْرَكَ أَذَانَهُ.\n\n٢٦١٤ - رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ لِسِتٍّ بَقِينَ مِنْ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ.\n\n٢٦١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ، مَاتَ بِعَمْوَاسَ عَامَ الطَّاعُونِ بِالشَّامِ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ.\n\n٢٦١٦ - وَعَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: مَاتَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، سَنَةَ ثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ فِي طَاعُونِ عَمْوَاسَ،\n\n٢٦١٧ - وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: تُوفِّيَ بِلَالٌ بِدِمَشْقَ سَنَةَ عِشْرِينَ، وَيُقَالُ سَنَةَ ثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ.\n\n٢٦١٨ - وَعَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: تُوفِّيَ بِلَالٌ سَنَةَ عِشْرِينَ.\n\n٢٦١٩ - وَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ\n\n٢٦٢٠ - فَصَحَّ بِهَذَا كُلِّهِ انْقِطَاعُ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n٢٦٢١ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَهُ عَنْ بِلَالٍ فِي الْمَسْحِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا بَيَانَهُ فِي \" كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ، وَانْقِطَاعُ حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ بِلَالٍ فِي الْإِقَامَةِ أَبْيَنُ.\n\n٢٦٢٢ - وَعِنْدَ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ حَدِيثٌ مَوْصُولٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَحَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ فِي قِصَّةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّهُ رَأَى الْإِقَامَةَ فِي مَنَامِهِ فُرَادَى","vol":"2","page":255},{"text":"٢٦٢٣ - أَمَّا الْمَوْصُولُ، فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالنَّاقُوسِ يُعْمَلُ، لِيَضْرِبَ بِهِ النَّاسُ فِي الْجَمْعِ لِلصَّلَوَاتِ طَافَ بِي وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ رَجُلٌ يَحْمِلُ نَاقُوسًا فِي يَدِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ أَتَبِيعُ النَّاقُوسَ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ؟ فَقُلْتُ، نَدْعُو بِهِ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ: أَفَلَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى مَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: بَلَى قَالَ: فَقَالَ: تَقُولُ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، فَذَكَرَ الْأَذَانَ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى قَالَ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ عَنِّي غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ثُمَّ تَقُولُ: إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَا رَأَيْتُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهَا لَرُؤْيَا حَقٍّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَقُمْ مَعَ بِلَالٍ فَأَلْقِ عَلَيْهِ مَا رَأَيْتَ فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ بِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ أَنْدَى صَوْتًا مِنْكَ»، فَقُمْتُ مَعَ بِلَالٍ، فَجَعَلْتُ أُلْقِيهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَيُؤَذِّنُ بِهِ. قَالَ: فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتِهِ، فَخَرَجَ يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ، يَقُولُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ مَا رَأَى. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ» ⦗٢٦٠⦘\n\n٢٦٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى الْمُطَرِّزَ، يَقُولُ، سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيَّ، يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ فِي أَخْبَارِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْأَذَانِ خَبَرٌ أَصَحُّ مِنْ هَذَا، لِأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا، سَمِعَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ، وَابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ،\n\n٢٦٢٥ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ، سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدًا يَعْنِي الْبُخَارِيَّ، عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ عِنْدِي صَحِيحٌ.\n\n٢٦٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الْمُرْسَلُ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي قِصَّةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ،\n\n٢٦٢٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُ فِي «كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ»،\n\n٢٦٢٨ - وَالتَّرْجِيحُ بِالزِّيَادَةِ إِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ بَعْدَ ثُبُوتِ الزِّيَادَةِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا ضَعْفَ رِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَى فِي قِصَّةِ تَثْنِيَةِ الْإِقَامَةِ، ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الَّذِي قَدِ اتَّفَقَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى صِحَّتِهِ.\n\n٢٦٢٩ - وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ صَارَ إِلَى إِفْرَادِ الْإِقَامَةِ، إِنْ كَانَتْ مَثْنَى قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ ⦗٢٦١⦘.\n\n٢٦٣٠ - وَإِلَى إِفْرَادِ الْإِقَامَةِ، ذَهَبَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَأَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ،\n\n٢٦٣١ - وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَمَكْحُولٌ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَأَهْلُ الشَّامِ،\n\n٢٦٣٢ - وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَأَبُو ثَوْرٍ، وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُمْ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ،\n\n٢٦٣٣ - وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَإِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُمَا مِنَ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّينَ","vol":"2","page":259},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-129>التَّثْوِيبُ</span>","vol":"2","page":262},{"text":"٢٦٣٤ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْقَرَظِ: «أَنَّ جَدَّهُ سَعْدًا كَانَ يُؤَذِّنُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لِأَهْلِ قُبَاءَ حَتَّى انْتَقَلَهُ عُمَرُ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ، فَأَذَّنَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n٢٦٣٥ - فَزَعَمَ حَفْصٌ أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ: أَنَّ بِلَالًا، أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، لِيُؤْذِنَهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ بَعْدَمَا أَذَّنَ، فَقِيلَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَائِمٌ، فَنَادَى بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: «الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ»، فَأُقِرَّتْ فِي تَأْذِينِ الْفَجْرِ مُنْذُ سَنَّهَا بِلَالٌ","vol":"2","page":262},{"text":"٢٦٣٦ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ أَصْحَابِ، عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، أَنَّهُ: \" كَانَ لَا يُثَوِّبُ إِلَّا فِي أَذَانِ الصُّبْحِ، وَيَقُولُ إِذَا قَالَ: حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ: الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ \"","vol":"2","page":262},{"text":"٢٦٣٧ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا: \" كَانَ يَقُولُ: فِي أَذَانِ الصُّبْحِ ⦗٢٦٣⦘: «الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ»\n\n٢٦٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِهَذَا كَانَ يَقُولُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، ثُمَّ كَرِهَهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ، أَظُنُّهُ لِانْقِطَاعِ حَدِيثِ بِلَالٍ، وَأَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، وَانْقِطَاعِ الْأَثَرِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁،\n\n٢٦٣٩ - وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُرْوَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمَوْصُولِ عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، وَقَوْلُهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَصَحُّ","vol":"2","page":262},{"text":"٢٦٤٠ - فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلِّمْنِي سُنَّةَ الْأَذَانِ، فَعَلَّمَهُ إِيَّاهَا، وَقَالَ: «فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ»، قُلْتَ: «الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»\n\n٢٦٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٦٤٢ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَأُمِّ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيمَا عَلَّمَهُ مِنَ الْأَذَانِ.\n\n٢٦٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُثْمَانُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، وَأُمُّ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَفِيهِ: «الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ فِي الْأُولَى مِنَ الصُّبْحِ»","vol":"2","page":263},{"text":"٢٦٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وُمُرْسَلُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ حَسَنٌ، وَالطَّرِيقُ إِلَيْهِ صَحِيحٌ\n\n٢٦٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْمُؤَذِّنِ، أَنَّ سَعْدًا، كَانَ يُؤَذِّنُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ حَفْصٌ: فَحَدَّثَنِي أَهْلِي: أَنَّ بِلَالًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُؤْذِنَهُ بِصَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُ نَائِمٌ، فَنَادَى بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: «الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، فَأُقِرَّتْ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ»\n\n٢٦٤٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ النَّحَّامِ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ مُنَادِيَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":264},{"text":"٢٦٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَبَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَاسِمٌ الْمُطَرِّزُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: \" مِنَ السُّنَّةِ إِذَا أَذَّنَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ فِي أَذَانِ الْفَجْرِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ قَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ، الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ \"\n\n٢٦٤٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ عَلَّمَهُ مُؤَذِّنَهُ،\n\n٢٦٤٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُهُ. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":264},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-130>صِفَةُ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ</span>","vol":"2","page":265},{"text":"٢٦٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْمُؤَذِّنُونَ أُمَنَاءُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى صَلَوَاتِهِمْ» وَذَكَرَ مَعَهَا غَيْرَهَا","vol":"2","page":265},{"text":"٢٦٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: لَعَلَّهُ يُرِيدُ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْمُؤَذِّنُونَ أُمَنَاءُ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ، وَحَاجَتِهِمْ أَوْ حَاجَاتِهِمْ»","vol":"2","page":265},{"text":"٢٦٥٢ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، ذَكَرَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْإِمَامُ ضَامِنٌ، وَالْمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ، فَأَرْشَدَ اللَّهُ الْأَئِمَّةَ، وَغَفَرَ لِلْمُؤَذِّنِينَ»،\n\n٢٦٥٣ - أَوْ قَالَ: «غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لِلْأَئِمَّةِ، وَأَرْشَدَ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ» شَكَّ ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ","vol":"2","page":265},{"text":"٢٦٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٢٦٦⦘ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْأَئِمَّةُ ضُمَنَاءُ، وَالْمُؤَذِّنُونَ أُمَنَاءُ، فَأَرْشَدَ اللَّهُ الْأَئِمَّةَ، وَغَفَرَ لِلْمُؤَذِّنِينَ»\n\n٢٦٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ سُهَيْلٌ، مِنْ أَبِيهِ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَالْأَعْمَشُ، لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ يَقِينًا، إِنَّمَا يَقُولُ فِيهِ: نُبِّئْتُ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَلَا أَرَى إِلَّا قَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ، هَكَذَا قَالَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ.\n\n٢٦٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ نَافِعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":265},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-131>التَّرْغِيبُ فِي الْأَذَانِ</span>","vol":"2","page":267},{"text":"٢٦٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، وَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ ح.\n\n٢٦٥٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ السَّمَّانِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَوْ يَعْلَمُ النَّاسُ مَا فِي النِّدَاءِ وَالصَّفِّ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَجِدُوا إِلَّا أَنْ يَسْتَهِمُوا عَلَيْهِ، لَاسْتَهَمُوا، وَلَوْ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا فِي التَّهْجِيرِ لَاسْتَبَقُوا إِلَيْهِ، وَلَوْ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا فِي الْعَتَمَةِ، وَالصُّبْحِ لَأَتَوْهُمَا وَلَوْ حَبْوًا» ⦗٢٦٨⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى\n\n٢٦٥٩ - وَذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَأُحِبُّ الرَّغْبَةَ فِي الْأَذَانِ، وَالصَّفِّ الْأَوَّلِ، وَشُهُودِ الْعِشَاءِ وَالصُّبْحِ، لِحَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٢٦٥٨ - وَقَالَ فِي الْأَذَانِ: هُوَ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ أَعْمَالِ الْبِرِّ، لِلْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي رُوِيَتْ فِي فَضْلِ ذَلِكَ، فَذَكَرَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"2","page":267},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-132>عَدَدُ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ</span>","vol":"2","page":269},{"text":"٢٦٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْتَصِرَ فِي الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ، لِأَنَّا إِنَّمَا حَفِظْنَا أَنَّهُ أَذَّنَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ اثْنَانِ، وَلَا يَضِيقُ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ أَكْثَرُ مِنِ اثْنَيْنِ»","vol":"2","page":269},{"text":"٢٦٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُؤَذِّنَانِ، بِلَالٌ، وَابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ الْأَعْمَى» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ\n\n٢٦٦٣ - قَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ فِي جَوَازِ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ اثْنَيْنِ بِقِصَّةِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: وَمَعْرُوفٌ أَنَّهُ زَادَ فِي عَدَدِ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ، فَجَعَلَهُ ثَلَاثًا\n\n٢٦٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ ⦗٢٧٠⦘ التَّأْذِينَ الثَّالِثَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ عُثْمَانُ، حِينَ كَثُرَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ،\n\n٢٦٦٥ - إِلَّا أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ: الْمُرَادُ بِهِ التَّأْذِينُ الثَّالِثُ مَعَ الْإِقَامَةِ،\n\n٢٦٦٦ - وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ السَّائِبِ: وَكَانَ التَّأْذِينُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ حِينَ يَجْلِسُ الْإِمَامُ،\n\n٢٦٦٧ - فَالَّذِي زَادَ عُثْمَانُ هُوَ الْأَذَانُ قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ الْإِمَامِ،\n\n٢٦٦٨ - وَعَلَى هَذَا يَدُلُّ كَلَامُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ زَادَ أَيْضًا فِي عَدَدِ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":269},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-133>رِزْقُ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ</span>\n٢٦٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَدْ رَزَقَهُمْ إِمَامُ هُدًى عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ﵁، وَلَا بَأْسَ بِالِاحْتِفَالِ عَلَى تَعْلِيمِ الْخَيْرِ، قَدْ زَوَّجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ امْرَأَةً عَلَى سُورَةٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّدَاقِ ⦗٢٧٢⦘،\n\n٢٦٧٠ - قَالَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَلَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَرْزُقَهُمْ وَهُوَ يَجِدُ مَنْ يُؤَذِّنُ لَهُ مُتَطَوِّعًا مِمَّنْ لَهُ أَمَانَةٌ\n\n٢٦٧١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: «وَاتَّخِذْ مُؤَذِّنًا لَا يَأْخُذُ عَلَى أَذَانِهِ أَجْرًا»","vol":"2","page":271},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-134>تَعْجِيلُ الصَّلَوَاتِ</span>","vol":"2","page":273},{"text":"٢٦٧٢ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ غَنَّامٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أُمَّهَاتِهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ فَرْوَةَ، وَكَانَتْ، مِمَّنْ بَايَعْتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ: أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَفْضَلُ؟ فَقَالَ:  «الصَّلَاةُ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا»\n\n٢٦٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، وَلَمْ يَقُلِ ابْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ، وَكَانَتْ مِمَّنْ بَايَعَتْ","vol":"2","page":273},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-135>تَعْجِيلُ الظُّهْرِ، وَتَأْخِيرُهَا</span>","vol":"2","page":274},{"text":"٢٦٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا اشْتَدَّ الْحَرُّ فَأَبْرِدُوا بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الْحَرِّ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ»","vol":"2","page":274},{"text":"٢٦٧٥ - وَقَالَ: \" اشْتَكَتِ النَّارُ إِلَى رَبِّهَا، فَقَالَتْ: رَبِّ أَكَلَ بَعْضِي بَعْضًا، فَأَذِنَ لَهَا بِنَفَسَيْنِ: نَفْسٌ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، وَنَفَسٌ فِي الصَّيْفِ، فَأَشَدُّ مَا تَجِدُونَ مِنَ الْحَرِّ فَمِنْ حَرِّهَا، وَأَشَدُّ مَا تَجِدُونَ مِنَ الْبَرْدِ فَمِنْ زَمْهَرِيرِهَا \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"2","page":274},{"text":"٢٦٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ الْقَاضِي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا اشْتَدَّ الْحَرُّ فَأَبْرِدُوا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الْحَرِّ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ» هُوَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ هَكَذَا.\n\n٢٦٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ","vol":"2","page":275},{"text":"٢٦٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّصْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْفَقِيهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، ح.\n\n٢٦٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، مَوْلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ الْحَرُّ فَأَبْرِدُوا بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الْحَرِّ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ» ⦗٢٧٦⦘\n\n٢٦٨٠ - وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ النَّارَ اشْتَكَتْ إِلَى رَبِّهَا، فَأَذِنَ لَهَا فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ بِنَفَسَيْنِ: نَفْسٍ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، وَنَفَسٍ فِي الصَّيْفِ «\n\n٢٦٨١ - كَذَا فِي كِتَابِي، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ» فَأَبْرِدُوا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ \"\n\n٢٦٨٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَعْنٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٢٦٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَبْلُغُ تَأْخِيرُهَا آخِرَ وَقْتِهَا","vol":"2","page":275},{"text":"٢٦٨٤ - قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَّرَ صَلَاةً إِلَى الْوَقْتِ الْآخَرِ. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ.\n\n٢٦٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي الثَّلْجِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَحَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ وَثَّابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَخَّرَ صَلَاةً إِلَى الْوَقْتِ الْآخَرِ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿»","vol":"2","page":276},{"text":"٢٦٨٦ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، سَمِعَهُ مِنَ الْوَاقِدِيِّ، وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَاهُ عَالِيًا، بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، بِمَعْنَاهُ\n\n٢٦٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبَجَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «مَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، الصَّلَاةَ لِوَقْتِهَا الْآخَرِ، حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ»،\n\n٢٦٨٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُعَلَّى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ،\n\n٢٦٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ قُتَيْبَةُ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"2","page":277},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-136>الْعَصْرُ</span>","vol":"2","page":278},{"text":"٢٦٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا أَحْبَبْتُ تَقْدِيمَ الْعَصْرِ.\n\n٢٦٩١ - لِأَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، وَالشَّمْسُ بَيْضَاءُ حَيَّةٌ، ثُمَّ يَذْهَبُ الذَّاهِبُ إِلَى الْعَوَالِي فَيَأْتِيهَا، وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ»\n\n٢٦٩٢ - أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n٢٦٩٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ اللَّيْثِ: «فَيَأْتِيهَا، وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ حَيَّةٌ»","vol":"2","page":278},{"text":"٢٦٩٤ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَفْوَانَ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ⦗٢٧٩⦘ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ:\n\n٢٦٩٥ - «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، ثُمَّ يَذْهَبُ الذَّاهِبُ إِلَى قُبَاءَ، فَيَأْتِيهَا، وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ»\n\n٢٦٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِلَى الْعَوَالِي","vol":"2","page":278},{"text":"٢٦٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، ثُمَّ يَذْهَبُ الذَّاهِبُ إِلَى قُبَاءَ، فَيَأْتِيهَا، وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ»\n\n٢٦٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَيَأْتِيهِمْ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":279},{"text":"٢٦٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: وَلَقَدْ حَدَّثَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَانَ يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، وَالشَّمْسُ فِي حُجْرَتِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ» ⦗٢٨٠⦘،\n\n٢٧٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مِلْحَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":279},{"text":"٢٧٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «صَلُّوا الْعَصْرَ قَدْرَ مَا يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ إِلَى ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ» وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ\n\n٢٧٠٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي بَابِ الْمَوَاقِيتِ بِإِسْنَادٍ مَوْصُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُهُ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْخُلَهَا الصُّفْرَةُ، فَيَنْصَرِفُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَيَأْتِي ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ»\n\n٢٧٠٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «سِتَّةُ أَمْيَالٍ»","vol":"2","page":280},{"text":"٢٧٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الدِّيلِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ فَكَأَنَّمَا وُتِرَ أَهْلَهُ، وَمَالَهُ» كَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ.\n\n٢٧٠٥ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ ⦗٢٨١⦘ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٢٧٠٦ - وَالْحَدِيثُ مَحْفُوظٌ عَنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا،\n\n٢٧٠٧ - رَوَاهُ عِرَاكُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْهُمَا مَعًا، ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَنَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ","vol":"2","page":280},{"text":"٢٧٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عِرَاكٍ، أَنَّهُ: بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ نَوْفَلَ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «هِيَ الْعَصْرُ»\n\n٢٧٠٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ ابْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ","vol":"2","page":281},{"text":"٢٧١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ نَوْفَلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ، فَكَأَنَّمَا وُتِرَ أَهْلَهُ، وَمَالَهُ»\n\n٢٧١١ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِسَالِمٍ، فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ»\n\n٢٧١٢ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عِرَاكٌ أَخَذَهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، هَكَذَا فَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْإِسْنَادَ.\n\n٢٧١٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗٢٨٢⦘، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُطِيعِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْفِتَنِ.\n\n٢٧١٤ - إِلَّا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَزِيدُ فِيهِ: «مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ صَلَاةً، وَمَنْ فَاتَتْهُ، فَكَأَنَّمَا وُتِرَ أَهْلَهُ، وَمَالَهُ»","vol":"2","page":281},{"text":"٢٧١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّجَاشِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ تُنْحَرُ الْجَزُورُ، فَتُقْسَمُ عَشْرَ قِسَمٍ، ثُمَّ تُطْبَخُ فَنَأْكُلُ لَحْمًا نَضِجًا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ»\n\n٢٧١٦ - قَالَ: «وَكُنَّا نُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَيَنْصَرِفُ أَحَدُنَا، وَإِنَّهُ لَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى مَوَاقِعَ نَبْلِهِ» ⦗٢٨٣⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ\n\n٢٧١٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ فِي الْعَصْرِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَحَفْصُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٢٧١٨ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ أَخْبَارٌ عَنْ دَوَامِ، فِعْلِهِمْ وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى خَطَأِ مَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ أَبُو عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ أَوْ نُفَيْعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «كَانَ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِتَأْخِيرِ الْعَصْرِ»\n\n٢٧١٩ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: لَا يُتَابَعُ عَلَيْهِ، وَاحْتَجَّ عَلَى خَطَأٍ بِهِ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي النَّجَاشِيِّ، عَنْ رَافِعٍ.\n\n٢٧٢٠ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ الضَّعِيفَةُ لَمْ تَقَعْ إِلَى الطَّحَاوِيِّ، فَحَمَلَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي النَّجَاشِيِّ، عَنْ رَافِعٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ لِسُرْعَةِ عَمَلٍ،\n\n٢٧٢١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِهِ إِخْبَارٌ عَنْ دَوَامِ فِعْلِهِمْ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَحَادِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُؤَخِّرُهَا،\n\n٢٧٢٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ إِذَا فُعِلَتْ بَعْدَ ذَهَابِ أَوَّلِ الْوَقْتِ، لَمْ يُمْكِنِ السَّيْرُ بَعْدَهَا إِلَى ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَهِيَ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَمْيَالٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، كَمَا فِي حَدِيثَ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، وَلَا السَّيْرُ إِلَى الْعَوَالِي، وَهِيَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَمْيَالٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهَا، وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ حَيَّةٌ، يَجِدُ حَرَّهَا، كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٢٧٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: وَحُجَرُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي مَوْضِعٍ مُنْخَفِضٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَلَيْسَتْ بِالْوَاسِعَةِ، وَذَلِكَ أَقْرَبُ لَهَا مِنْ أَنْ يَرْتَفِعَ الشَّمْسُ مِنْهَا فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ\n\n٢٧٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَعَائِشَةُ تَقُولُ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، وَالشَّمْسُ فِي قَعْرِ حُجْرَتِي»","vol":"2","page":282},{"text":"٢٧٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَلَاغًا، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْأَزْرَقِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «صَلِّ الْعَصْرَ قَدْرَ مَا يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فَرْسَخَيْنِ»","vol":"2","page":284},{"text":"٢٧٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى: «أَنْ صَلِّ الْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ بَيْضَاءُ نَقِيَّةٌ قَدْرَ مَا يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ ثَلَاثَةَ فَرَاسِخَ»","vol":"2","page":284},{"text":"٢٧٢٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ: «أَنْ صَلُّوا الْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ بَيْضَاءُ نَقِيَّةٌ، قَدْرَ مَا يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فَرْسَخَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً»\n\n٢٧٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ بِالْإِسْنَادَيْنِ جَمِيعًا.\n\n٢٧٢٩ - وَزَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ: وَصَلِّ الْعَتَمَةَ مَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ، فَإِنْ أَخَّرْتَ فَإِلَى شَطْرِ اللَّيْلِ، وَلَا تَكُنْ مِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ.\n\n٢٧٣٠ - وَزَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ: وَالْمَغْرِبَ إِذَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَالْعِشَاءَ إِذَا غَابَ الشَّفَقُ إِلَى ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ، فَمَنْ نَامَ فَلَا نَامَتْ عَيْنُهُ، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ","vol":"2","page":284},{"text":"٢٧٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا صَفْوَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ التَّمَّارِ، عَنِ ابْنِ حُدَيْرَةَ الْجُهَنِيِّ، صَاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٢٨٥⦘: لَقِيَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، بِالزَّوْرَاءِ، فَسَأَلَنِي: «أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: الصَّلَاةُ، فَقَالَ: طَفِقْتَ فَأَسْرِعْ، فَذَهَبْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَصَلَّيْتُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ فَوَجَدْتُ جَارِيَتِي قَدِ احْتُبِسَتْ مِنَ الِاسْتِقَاءِ، فَذَهَبْتُ إِلَيْهَا بِرُومَةَ فَجِئْتُ بِهَا وَالشَّمْسُ صَالِحَةٌ \"","vol":"2","page":284},{"text":"٢٧٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ الْمُحْتَجُّ: فَإِنَّ مَالِكًا، أَخْبَرَنَا عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى: «أَنْ صَلِّ الْعَصْرَ، وَالشَّمْسُ بَيْضَاءُ نَقِيَّةٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْخُلَهَا صُفْرَةٌ»\n\n٢٧٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٢٧٣٤ - . قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: قَدْ تَكُونُ بَيْضَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْخُلَهَا صُفْرَةٌ فِي أَوَّلِ الْوَقْتِ وَوَسَطِهِ وَآخِرِهِ،\n\n٢٧٣٥ - وَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ مَالِكًا رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مُفَسَّرًا عَلَى قَوْلِنَا، فَاحْتَجَجْتَ بِحَدِيثٍ إِمَّا شَكَّ صَاحِبُهُ فِيهِ، وَإِمَّا لَمْ يَحْفَظْهُ فَأَدَّى مَا أَحَاطَ بِهِ، وَسَكَتَ عَمَّا لَمْ يُحِطْ بِهِ، وَالَّذِي حَفِظَ أَوْلَى مِنَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَحْفَظْ، لِأَنَّهُ شَاهِدٌ","vol":"2","page":285},{"text":"٢٧٣٦ - وَفِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَنَّ مَالِكًا، حَدَّثَهُ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ ذَكَرْنَا تَعْجِيلَ الصَّلَاةِ، أَوْ ذَكَرَهَا. فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «تِلْكَ صَلَاةُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ ثَلَاثًا، يَجْلِسُ أَحَدُهُمْ حَتَّى إِذَا اصْفَرَّتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَكَانَتْ\n\nبَيْنَ قَرْنَيِ الشَّيْطَانِ، أَوْ عَلَى قَرْنَيِ شَيْطَانٍ، قَامَ فَنَقَرَ أَرْبَعًا لَا يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ فِيهَا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ","vol":"2","page":285},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-137>الْمَغْرِبُ، وَالْعِشَاءُ</span>","vol":"2","page":287},{"text":"٢٧٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «فِي إِمَامَةِ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇، النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ فِي الْيَوْمَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، حِينَ أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ»، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ: فَلَا وَقْتَ لِلْمَغْرِبِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ فَتَعْتَامُ بِغَيْبِهَا ⦗٢٨٨⦘.\n\n٢٧٣٨ - قَالَ: وَأَوَّلُ وَقْتِ الْعِشَاءِ إِذَا غَابَ الشَّفَقُ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَتِ الْحُمْرَةُ، فَقَدْ حَلَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَيُؤَذِّنُ حِينَئِذٍ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ الصَّلَاةُ بَعْدَ الْأَذَانِ مُعَجَّلَةً أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَأَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ\n\n٢٧٣٩ -» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ تَأْخِيرَهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ، وَرَوَى فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٧٤٠ - وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَكَانَ يَتَأَوَّلُ فِيهِ: ﴿وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ [هود: ١١٤]،\n\n٢٧٤١ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُؤَخِّرَهَا \"\n\n٢٧٤٢ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ","vol":"2","page":287},{"text":"٢٧٤٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ «أَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ»، فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَوَّلُ وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ، وَآخِرُ وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ عَفْوُ اللَّهِ» ⦗٢٨٩⦘\n\n٢٧٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ التَّاجِرُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، نَحْوَهُ.\n\n٢٧٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُعْرَفُ بِيَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الْمَدَنِيِّ، وَهُوَ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ، ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَكَذَّبَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَسَائِرُ الْحُفَّاظِ\n\n٢٧٤٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ، بِأَسَانِيدَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٢٧٤٧ - وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ،\n\n٢٧٤٨ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ.\n\n٢٧٤٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَمُرْسَلًا","vol":"2","page":288},{"text":"٢٧٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ الدَّبَّاسُ، بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْكَاتِبُ الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ الْحِزَامِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٩٠⦘: «أَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ، وَآخِرُهُ عَفْوُ اللَّهِ»","vol":"2","page":289},{"text":"٢٧٥١ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ فِي تَأْخِيرِ الْعِشَاءِ، فَهُوَ مِمَّا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ: لَمْ يَسُقْ مَتْنَهُ بِتَمَامِهِ،\n\n٢٧٥٢ - وَفِي تَمَامِ الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ يُصَلِّي الْهَجِيرَ الَّتِي تَدْعُونَهَا الْأُولَى، حِينَ تَدْحَضُ الشَّمْسُ، وَيُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ، وَيَرْجِعُ أَحَدُنَا إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فِي أَقْصَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَالشَّمْسُ حَيَّةٌ» قَالَ عَوْفٌ: وَنَسِيتُ مَا قَالَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ: وَكَانَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُؤَخِّرَ صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ الَّتِي تَدْعُونَهَا الْعَتَمَةَ، وَكَانَ يَكْرَهُ النَّوْمَ قَبْلَهَا، وَالْحَدِيثَ بَعْدَهَا، وَكَانَ يَنْفَتِلُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ، حِينَ يَعْرِفُ أَحَدُنَا جَلِيسَهُ، وَيَقْرَأُ فِيهَا مِنَ السِّتِّينَ إِلَى الْمِائَةِ\n\n٢٧٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَدْلُ، وَأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَوْفُ بْنُ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ سَيَّارِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَرْزَةَ: حَدِّثْنَا كَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي الْمَكْتُوبَةَ؟ فَذَكَرَهُ، وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ\n\n٢٧٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يُؤَخِّرُ صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ»\n\n٢٧٥٥ - وَمَضَتْ رِوَايَةُ الشَّافِعِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي لَأَمَرْتُهُمْ بِتَأْخِيرِ الْعِشَاءِ، وَالسِّوَاكِ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ»","vol":"2","page":290},{"text":"٢٧٥٦ - وَأَمَّا الْأَثَرُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّصْرَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ: \" يَسْتَحِبُّ تَأْخِيرَ الْعِشَاءِ، وَيَقْرَأْ: ﴿زُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ [هود: ١١٤] \"","vol":"2","page":291},{"text":"٢٧٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ: «أَنْ صَلِّ الظُّهْرَ إِذَا زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَالْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ بَيْضَاءُ نَقِيَّةٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا صُفْرَةٌ. وَالْمَغْرِبَ إِذَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَأَخِّرِ الْعِشَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَنَمْ، وَصَلِّ الصُّبْحَ وَالنُّجُومُ بَادِيَةٌ، وَاقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِسُورَتَيْنِ طَوِيلَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ» أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-138>الصُّبْحُ</span>","vol":"2","page":292},{"text":"٢٧٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «كُنَّ نِسَاءٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يُصَلِّينَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفْنَ، وَهُنَّ مُتَلَفِّعَاتٍ بِمُرُوطِهِنَّ، مَا يَعْرِفُهُنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْغَلَسِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"2","page":292},{"text":"٢٧٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٢٩٣⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ، فَيَنْصَرِفُ النِّسَاءُ مُتَلَفِّعَاتٍ بِمُرُوطِهِنَّ، مَا يُعْرَفْنَ مِنَ الْغَلَسِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٢٧٦٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ، فَذَكَرَتْهُ،\n\n٢٧٦١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٢٧٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَرَوَى زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَا يُوَافِقُ هَذَا.\n\n٢٧٦٣ - وَرُوِيَ مِثْلُهُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَسَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":292},{"text":"٢٧٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَوْحٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: تَسَحَّرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قُمْنَا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: كَمْ ⦗٢٩٤⦘ كَانَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «قَدْرَ مَا يَقْرَأُ الرَّجُلُ خَمْسِينَ آيَةً» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"2","page":293},{"text":"٢٧٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَعْنِي دُحَيْمًا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ أَتَسَحَّرُ فِي أَهْلِي، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ سُرْعَةٌ أَنْ أُدْرِكَ صَلَاةَ الْغَدَاةِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ","vol":"2","page":294},{"text":"٢٧٦٦ - وَقَالَ أَيْضًا فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَفْوَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ غَنَّامٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أُمَّهَاتِهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ فَرْوَةَ، - وَكَانَتْ مِمَّنْ بَايَعْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ -: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ: أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَفْضَلُ؟ فَقَالَ:  «الصَّلَاةُ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا» ⦗٢٩٥⦘\n\n٢٧٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٢٧٦٨ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ سَهْلٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ: وَكَذَلِكَ صَلَّى أَئِمَّةُ الْهُدَى مِنْ بَعْدِهِ","vol":"2","page":294},{"text":"٢٧٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الْكِنَانِ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، يَقُولُ: «وَقْتُ صَلَاتِي هَذِهِ، وَقْتُ صَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ»","vol":"2","page":295},{"text":"٢٧٧٠ - قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ مَعَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، ثُمَّ أَدْخُلُ جِيَادًا فَأَقْضِي حَاجَتِي، وَمَا أَعْرِفُ وَجْهَ صَاحِبِي»","vol":"2","page":295},{"text":"٢٧٧١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَعَنُ لَقِيطٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ أَنْصَرِفُ، وَمَا أَعْرِفُ وَجْهَ صَاحِبِي»","vol":"2","page":295},{"text":"٢٧٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٢٩٦⦘ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نَهِيكُ بْنُ يَرِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُغِيثُ بْنُ سُمَيٍّ، أَنَّ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ غَلَّسَ بِصَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، فَأَنْكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ الْتَفَتَّ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةُ؟ وَهُوَ إِلَى جَانِبِي فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ صَلَاتُنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ عُمَرُ أَسْفَرَ بِهَا عُثْمَانُ \"\n\n٢٧٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَبِذَلِكَ خَرَجَ كِتَابُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى الْأَمْصَارِ، وَكِتَابُ عُمَرَ الدَّلِيلُ الثَّابِتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَوْضِعٌ لِلْفَصْلِ فِيمَا صَنَعُوا","vol":"2","page":295},{"text":"٢٧٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ: «أَنْ صَلِّ الصُّبْحَ وَالنُّجُومُ بَادِيَةٌ، وَاقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِسُورَتَيْنِ طَوِيلَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ»\n\n٢٧٧٥ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَفِيهِ: وَصَلُّوا الصُّبْحَ وَالنُّجُومُ بَادِيَةٌ مُشْتَبِكَةٌ ⦗٢٩٧⦘.\n\n٢٧٧٦ - رَوَاهُمَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى","vol":"2","page":296},{"text":"٢٧٧٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَرَبِيعَةَ، أَنَّ الْفُرَافِصَةَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ:  «مَا أَخَذْتُ سُورَةَ يُوسُفَ إِلَّا مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ عُثْمَانَ إِيَّاهَا فِي الصُّبْحِ، مِنْ كَثْرَةِ مَا كَانَ يُرَدِّدُهَا»\n\n٢٧٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ. فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عُثْمَانَ","vol":"2","page":297},{"text":"٢٧٧٩ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ: أَسْفَرَ بِالْفَجْرِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّا قَوْمٌ مُحَارِبُونَ خَائِفُونَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «لَيْسَ بِكَ خَوْفٌ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ الصَّلَاةَ لِوَقْتِهَا»، وَصَلَّى مَعَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَوْمَئِذٍ \"","vol":"2","page":297},{"text":"٢٧٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ سَيَّارِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَصِفُ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «كَانَ يُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ وَمَا يَعْرِفُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا جَلِيسَهُ، وَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ بِالسِّتِّينَ إِلَى الْمِائَةِ»\n\n٢٧٨١ - وَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ ⦗٢٩٨⦘ لَمْ يُقْرَأْ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ: وَمَا يَعْرِفُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا جَلِيسَهُ مِنَ الْكَاتِبِ،\n\n٢٧٨٢ - فَفِي سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا جَلِيسَهُ.\n\n٢٧٨٣ - وَزَادَ بَعْضُهُمُ: الَّذِي كَانَ يَعْرِفُهُ","vol":"2","page":297},{"text":"٢٧٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ بْنِ غَرْقَدَةَ، عَنْ حَبَّانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ عَلِيًّا، وَهُوَ يُعَسْكِرُ بِدَيْرِ أَبِي مُوسَى، فَوَجَدْتُهُ يَطْعَمُ، فَقَالَ: «ادْنُ فَكُلْ»، قُلْتُ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ الصَّوْمَ قَالَ: «وَأَنَا أُرِيدُهُ»، فَدَنَوْتُ فَأَكَلْتُ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ: «يَا ابْنَ التَّيَّاحِ، أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ»","vol":"2","page":298},{"text":"٢٧٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ظَبْيَانَ قَالَ: \" كَانَ عَلِيٌّ يَخْرُجُ إِلَيْنَا، وَنَحْنُ نَنْظُرُ إِلَى تَبَاشِيرِ الصُّبْحِ، فَيَقُولُ: «الصَّلَاةَ الصَّلَاةَ»، فَإِذَا قَامَ النَّاسُ قَالَ: «نِعْمَ سَاعَةُ الْوِتْرِ هَذِهِ»، فَإِنْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ","vol":"2","page":298},{"text":"٢٧٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: «كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، يُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ نَحْوًا مِنَ صَلَاةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ -، وَكَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يُغَلِّسُ»","vol":"2","page":298},{"text":"٢٧٨٧ - وَعَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ قَالَ: \" كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُصَلِّي بِنَا الصُّبْحَ بِسَوَادٍ أَوْ قَالَ: بِغَلَسٍ، فَيَقْرَأُ بِسُورَتَيْنِ \"","vol":"2","page":299},{"text":"٢٧٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَتَقْدِيمُ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مُثْبَتٌ»\n\n٢٧٨٩ - فَقِيلَ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ، فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، دَخَلُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ مُغَلِّسِينَ، وَخَرَجُوا مِنْهَا مُسْفِرِينَ بِإِطَالَةِ الْقِرَاءَةِ.\n\n٢٧٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ أَطَالُوا الْقِرَاءَةَ، وَأَوْجَزُوهَا، وَالْوَقْتُ فِي الدُّخُولِ لَا فِي الْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَكُلُّهُمْ دَخَلَ مُغَلِّسًا، وَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْهَا مُغَلِّسًا.\n\n٢٧٩١ - وَفِي الْأَحَادِيثِ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ، أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا مُغَلِّسًا.\n\n٢٧٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ الْإِسْفَارُ بِالْفَجْرِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ رَافِعٍ","vol":"2","page":299},{"text":"٢٧٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أَسْفِرُوا بِصَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَعْظَمُ لِلْأَجْرِ، أَوْ قَالَ: أَعْظَمُ لِأُجُورِكُمْ \" ⦗٣٠٠⦘\n\n٢٧٩٤ - فَرَجَّحَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ، بِأَنَّهُ: أَشْبَهُ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]،\n\n٢٧٩٥ - فَإِذَا دَخَلَ الْوَقْتُ فَأَوْلَى الْمُصَلِّينَ بِالْمُحَافَظَةِ: الْمُقَدِّمُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا أَشْهُرُ رِجَالًا بِالثِّقَةِ، وَأَحْفَظُ.\n\n٢٧٩٦ - وَمَعَ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ ثَلَاثَةٌ، كُلُّهُمْ يَرْوُونَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ: زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَسَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ،\n\n٢٧٩٧ - وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَا يَأْمُرُ بِأَنْ تُصَلَّى صَلَاةٌ فِي وَقْتٍ يُصَلِّيهَا فِي غَيْرِهِ،\n\n٢٧٩٨ - وَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ بِسُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ: «أَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ وَآخِرُهُ عَفْوُ اللَّهِ».\n\n٢٧٩٩ - وَهُوَ لَا يُؤْثِرُ عَلَى رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا، وَالْعَفْوُ لَا يَحْتَمِلُ إِلَّا مَعْنَيَيْنِ: عَفْوٌ عَنِ تَقْصِيرٍ، أَوْ تَوْسِعَةٌ، وَالتَّوْسِعَةُ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْفَضْلُ فِي غَيْرِهَا إِذَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِتَرْكِ ذَلِكَ الْغَيْرِ الَّذِي وُسِّعَ فِي خِلَافِهِ يُرِيدُ الْوَقْتَ الْأَوَّلَ\n\n٢٨٠٠ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ أَبَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَا قُلْنَا، وَسُئِلَ: أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ ⦗٣٠١⦘ أَفْضَلُ؟ فَقَالَ: «الصَّلَاةُ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا».\n\n٢٨٠١ - وَهُوَ لَا يَدَعُ مَوْضِعَ الْفَضْلِ، وَلَا يَأْمُرُ النَّاسَ إِلَّا بِهِ.\n\n٢٨٠٢ - قَالَ: وَالَّذِي لَا يَجْهَلُهُ عَالِمٌ، أَنَّ تَقْدِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا أَوْلَى بِالْفَضْلِ لِمَا يَعْرِضُ لِلْآدَمِيِّينَ مِنَ الْأَشْغَالِ وَالنِّسْيَانِ وَالْعِلَلِ،\n\n٢٨٠٣ - وَذَكَرَ تَقْدِيمَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ الَّذِينَ سَمَّاهُمْ قَبْلَ هَذَا.\n\n٢٨٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ رَافِعٍ: لَهُ وَجْهٌ يُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ وَلَا يُخَالِفُهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَمَّا حَضَّ النَّاسَ عَلَى تَقْدِيمِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَأَخْبَرَ بِالْفَضْلِ فِيهَا، احْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنَ الرَّاغِبِينَ مَنْ يُقَدِّمُهَا قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ الْآخِرِ، فَقَالَ: «أَسْفِرُوا بِالْفَجْرِ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ الْفَجْرُ الْآخَرُ مُعْتَرِضًا»\n\n٢٨٠٥ - وَحَكَى فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ صَلَّى بِمَكَّةَ مِرَارًا، فَكُلَّمَا بَانَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ صَلَّاهَا قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ أَعَادَ.\n\n٢٨٠٦ - وَأَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا.\n\n٢٨٠٧ - فَلَا نَدْرِي لَعَلَّ النَّاسَ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَدْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ شَبِيهًا بِفِعْلِهِمَا حِينَ أُخْبِرُوا بِالْفَضْلِ فِي الْوَقْتِ، فَأَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فِيمَا نَرَى الْخُرُوجَ مِنَ الشَّكِّ، حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ الْمُصَلِّي بَعْدَ الْيَقِينِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْإِسْفَارِ، أَيْ بِالتَّبَيُّنِ\n\n٢٨٠٨ - قَالَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَإِذَا احْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِلْأَحَادِيثِ، كَانَ أَوْلَى بِنَا أَنْ لَا نَنْسِبَهُ إِلَى الِاخْتِلَافِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُخَالِفًا، فَالْحُجَّةُ فِي تَرْكِنَا، بِحَدِيثِنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الدَّلَائِلِ مَعَهُ ⦗٣٠٢⦘.\n\n٢٨٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ الْأَحَادِيثَ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي تَغْلِيسِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ بِالْفَجْرِ، ثُمَّ زَعَمَ أَنْ لَيْسَ فِيهَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى الْأَفْضَلِ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ رَافِعٍ، وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَا يُدَاوِمُ إِلَّا عَلَى مَا هُوَ الْأَفْضَلُ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَصْحَابُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ،\n\n٢٨١٠ - فَخَرَجَ مِنْ فِعْلِ الصَّحَابَةِ، بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَدْخُلُونَ فِيهَا مُغَلِّسِينَ لِيُطَوِّلُوا الْقِرَاءَةَ، وَيَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهَا مُسْفِرِينَ.\n\n٢٨١١ - وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، إِنَّمَا خَرَجَ مِنْهَا مُغَلِّسًا، قَبْلَ أَنْ شُرِعَ فِيهَا طُولُ الْقِرَاءَةِ.\n\n٢٨١٢ - فَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى النَّسْخِ بِفِعْلِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ كَانُوا يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهَا مُغَلِّسِينَ كَمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْهُمْ،\n\n٢٨١٣ - وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ الْأَوْدِيُّ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ ابْنِيَ مِنِّي ثَلَاثَةُ أَذْرُعٍ لَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ.\n\n٢٨١٤ - ثُمَّ احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَصَلَ إِلَى كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مِثْلَهَا، غَيْرَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَإِنَّهَا وِتْرٌ، وَصَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ لِطُولِ قِرَاءَتِهَا.\n\n٢٨١٥ - وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ الزِّيَادَةَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِطَالَةَ الْقِرَاءَةِ كَانَتَا مَعًا.\n\n٢٨١٦ - وَظَاهَرُ الْحَدِيثِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الزِّيَادَةَ فِي الصُّبْحِ، إِنَّمَا لَمْ يُشْرَعْ لِطُولِ قِرَاءَتِهَا الْمَشْرُوعِ فِيهَا قَبْلَهَا.\n\n٢٨١٧ - ثُمَّ حَمَلَ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ فِي التَّغْلِيسِ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُشْرَعَ فِيهَا طُولُ الْقِرَاءَةِ.\n\n٢٨١٨ - وَعَائِشَةُ قَدْ أَخْبَرَتْ أَنَّ الزِّيَادَةَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كَانَتْ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ.\n\n٢٨١٩ - وَغَيْرُهَا يَقُولُ: حِينَ فُرِضَتْ قَبْلَ قُدُومِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ ⦗٣٠٣⦘.\n\n٢٨٢٠ - وَعَلَى زَعْمِهِ شُرِعَ طُولُ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِيهَا حِينَ زِيدَ فِي عَدَدِ غَيْرِهَا.\n\n٢٨٢١ - وَعَائِشَةُ إِنَّمَا حَمَلَتْ حَدِيثَ التَّغْلِيسِ، وَهِيَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ،\n\n٢٨٢٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ،\n\n٢٨٢٣ - وَإِنَّمَا تَزَوَّجَ بِهَا بَعْدَ مَا هَاجَرَ بِسَنَتَيْنِ، فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ مَنْسُوخًا بِحُكْمٍ تَقَدَّمَ عَلَيْهِ؟\n\n٢٨٢٤ - كَيْفَ وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَتْنَا عَنْ دَوَامِ فَعَلِهِ وَفِعْلِ النِّسَاءِ مَعَهُ.\n\n٢٨٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فِي حَدِيثٍ مُخَرَّجٍ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «كَانَ يُصَلِّيهَا بِغَلَسٍ»\n\n٢٨٢٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ بِغَلَسٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّاهَا يَوْمًا فَأَسْفَرَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَعُدْ إِلَى الْإِسْفَارِ، حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ.\n\n٢٨٢٧ - وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى بُطْلَانِ النَّسْخِ الَّذِي ادَّعَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَغَيْرِهَا فِي التَّغْلِيسِ،\n\n٢٨٢٨ - وَالطَّرِيقُ الصَّحِيحُ فِي ذَلِكَ، أَنْ تُحْمَلَ الْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي الْإِخْبَارِ عَنْ تَغْلِيسِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ بِالصُّبْحِ، عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُوا مَا هُوَ الْأَفْضَلُ، لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ فِعْلِهِمْ.\n\n٢٨٢٩ - وَيُحْمَلُ حَدِيثُ رَافِعٍ عَلَى تَبْيِينِ الْفَجْرِ بِالْيَقِينِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَجُوزُ الدُّخُولُ فِيهَا فِي الْغَيْمِ بِالِاجْتِهَادِ قَبْلَ التَّبْيِينِ، وَحَدِيثُ مَنْ أَسْفَرَ بِهَا عَلَى الْجَوَازِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":299},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-139>صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى</span>","vol":"2","page":304},{"text":"٢٨٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يُونُسَ، مَوْلَى عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَمَرَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ أَنْ أَكْتُبَ لَهَا مُصْحَفًا، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: \" إِذَا بَلَغْتَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَآذِنِّي ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨] فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُهَا آذَنْتُهَا، فَأَمْلَتْ عَلَيَّ «حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «سَمِعْتُهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗٣٠٥⦘.\n\n٢٨٣١ - وَرَوَيْنَاهُ فِي، كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ أَيْضًا، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ عُمَرَ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَرَأَهَا كَذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٨٣٢ - وَرُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ حَفْصَةَ: وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى، وَهِيَ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ،\n\n٢٨٣٣ - وَتِلْكَ الرِّوَايَةُ لَا تَصِحُّ.\n\n٢٨٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: فَحَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْوُسْطَى، لَيْسَتِ الْعَصْرَ\n\n٢٨٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَاخْتَلَفَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْوُسْطَى، فَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهَا الصُّبْحُ\n\n٢٨٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِلَى هَذَا نَذْهَبُ\n\n٢٨٣٧ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ: فَذَهَبْنَا إِلَى أَنَّهَا الصُّبْحُ، ثُمَّ عَلَّقَ الْقَوْلَ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":304},{"text":"٢٨٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَانَا يَقُولَانِ: «الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ» ⦗٣٠٦⦘\n\n٢٨٣٩ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ رَأْيِي","vol":"2","page":305},{"text":"٢٨٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّى بِنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ، فَقَنَتَ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: هَذِهِ صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِيهَا: ﴿وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨] \"","vol":"2","page":306},{"text":"٢٨٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ: «هِيَ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ»\n\n٢٨٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ⦗٣٠٧⦘،\n\n٢٨٤٣ - وَرَجَّحَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ بِمَعَانٍ نَقَلْنَاهَا إِلَى الْمَبْسُوطِ،\n\n٢٨٤٤ - ثُمَّ بِمَا وَرَدَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي فَضْلِ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، مِنْهَا","vol":"2","page":306},{"text":"٢٨٤٥ - مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الدَّيرْعَاقُولِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «تَفْضُلُ صَلَاةُ الْجَمِيعِ عَلَى صَلَاةِ أَحَدِكُمْ وَحْدَهُ بِخَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ جُزْءًا، وَتَجْتَمِعُ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ»، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: وَاقْرَءُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ ﴿وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُوَدًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨] رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.\n\n٢٨٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالصَّلَوَاتُ مَشْهُودَاتٌ، فَأَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿مَشْهُوَدًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨] بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يُشْهَدُ لَهُ الصَّلَوَاتُ، أَوْ أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا يُشْهَدُ لَهُ الصَّلَوَاتُ، أَوْ مَشْهُوَدًا بِنُزُولِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ لَهُ\n\n٢٨٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُقَالُ: مَنْ شَهِدَ الصُّبْحَ، فَكَأَنَّمَا قَامَ لَيْلَهُ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ هَذَا فِي صَلَاةٍ غَيْرِهَا، إِنَّمَا قِيلَ فِي الْعِشَاءِ: نِصْفُ لَيْلَةٍ،\n\n٢٨٤٨ - وَكُلُّ الصَّلَوَاتِ عَظِيمُ الْمَوْقِعِ مِنَ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ، مُثَابٌ أَهْلُهُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"2","page":307},{"text":"٢٨٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ «مَنْ شَهِدَ الصُّبْحَ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَامَ لَيْلَهُ، وَمَنْ شَهِدَ الْعِشَاءَ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَامَ نِصْفَ لَيْلِهِ» ⦗٣٠٨⦘\n\n٢٨٥٠ - أَخْرَجَهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٢٨٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":307},{"text":"٢٨٥٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n٢٨٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْوَاسِطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنُ عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَإِذَا عُثْمَانُ جَالِسٌ وَحْدَهُ قَالَ: فَأَعْتَمَتْ قَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ قَالَ: ابْنُ أَخِي، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَامَ شَطْرَ اللَّيْلِ، وَمَنْ صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَامَ اللَّيْلَ كُلَّهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"2","page":308},{"text":"٢٨٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الظُّهْرُ،\n\n٢٨٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْجُدِّيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى: صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ \"\n\n٢٨٥٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ يَرْبُوعٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ.\n\n٢٨٥٧ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ: احْتَجَّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" كَانَ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ بِالْهَجِيرِ فَلَا يَكُونُ وَرَاءَهُ إِلَّا الصَّفَّ، وَالصَّفَّانِ، وَالنَّاسُ فِي قَائِلَتِهِمْ وَتِجَارَتِهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨] \"\n\n٢٨٥٨ - وَإِسْنَادُهُ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ،\n\n٢٨٥٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ.\n\n٢٨٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ، الْعَصْرُ وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":309},{"text":"٢٨٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ حَامِدٍ الْبَزَّارُ، بِهَمَذَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ خِدَاشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَبِيدَةَ السَّلْمَانِيِّ: سَلْ عَلِيًّا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْأَحْزَابِ، أَخَّرْنَا الصَّلَاةَ - يَعْنِي صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ - حَتَّى أَرَهَقْنَاهَا قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣١٠⦘: «اللَّهُمَّ امْلَأْ أَجْوَافَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ نَارًا، وَامْلَأْ بُيُوتَهُمْ وَقُلُوبَهُمْ نَارًا، كَمَا شَغَلُونَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى»\n\n٢٨٦٢ - قَالَ: وَكُنَّا نَرَاهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ الْغَدَاةَ، حَتَّى سَمِعْنَا هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَهِيَ الْعَصْرُ.\n\n٢٨٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَأَبُو حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، دُونَ قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ، وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"2","page":309},{"text":"٢٨٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: شَغَلَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى اصْفَرَّتِ الشَّمْسُ أَوِ احْمَرَّتْ، فَقَالَ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى، مَلَأَ اللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ، وَأَجْوَافَهُمْ نَارًا».\n\n٢٨٦٥ - أَوْ قَالَ: «حَشَا اللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ، وَأَجْوَافَهُمْ نَارًا»\n\n٢٨٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ جُنَاحُ بْنُ نَذِيرٍ الْكُوفِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ، وَعَوْنُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ عَنِ صَلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ: «مَلَأَ اللَّهُ أَجْوَافَهُمْ، وَقُبُورَهُمْ نَارًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ ⦗٣١١⦘.\n\n٢٨٦٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ»\n\n٢٨٦٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَأَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ.\n\n٢٨٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَائِشَةَ ﵃.\n\n٢٨٧٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" قَرَأْنَاهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَمَانًا، حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأْنَاهَا بَعْدُ: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨] فَلَا أَدْرِي أَهِيَ هِيَ أَمْ لَا؟ \"\n\n٢٨٧١ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَإِنَّمَا نَرْوِي هَاهُنَا مَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَوْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ مَا لَا بُدَّ مِنْهُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":310},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-140>بَابُ اسْتِقْبَالِ الْقِبْلَةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":312},{"text":"٢٨٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ⦗٣١٣⦘، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا النَّاسُ بِقُبَاءَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ آتٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلَةَ قُرْآنٌ، وَقَدْ أُمِرَ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَ الْكَعْبَةَ فَاسْتَقْبلُوهَا، وَكَانَتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَاسْتَدَارُوا إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":312},{"text":"٢٨٧٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ: قَالَ: «صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، سِتَّةَ عَشْرَ شَهْرًا نَحْوَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، ثُمَّ حُوِّلَتِ الْقِبْلَةُ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ بِشَهْرَيْنِ»","vol":"2","page":313},{"text":"٢٨٧٤ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ فِي تَرْتِيبِ نُزُولِ الْآيَاتِ فِي الْقِبْلَةِ: تَفْصِيلٌ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ⦗٣١٤⦘ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ بِالرِّيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْأَزْرَقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَا نُسِخَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، فِيمَا ذُكِرَ لَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ شَأْنُ الْقِبْلَةِ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١١٥]، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَصَلَّى نَحْوَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَتَرَكَ الْبَيْتَ الْعَتِيقَ، فَقَالَ: ﴿سَيَقُولُ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهُمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٢] يَعْنُونَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَنَسَخَهَا، وَصَرَفَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ \"، فَقَالَ: \" ﴿وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٠] \"\n\n٢٨٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١١٥] يَعْنِي - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ -: فَثَمَّ الْوَجْهُ الَّذِي وَجَّهَكُمُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ","vol":"2","page":313},{"text":"٢٨٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ نَزَلَ عَلَى أَجْدَادِهِ - أَوْ قَالَ: أَخْوَالِهِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ - وَأَنَّهُ صَلَّى قِبَلَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ سِتَّةَ عَشْرَ شَهْرًا، أَوْ سَبْعَةَ عَشْرَ شَهْرًا، وَكَانَ يُعْجِبُهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ قِبْلَتُهُ قِبَلَ الْبَيْتِ، وَأَنَّ أَوَّلَ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ، فَصَلَّى مَعَهُ قَوْمٌ، فَخَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ صَلَّى مَعَهُ، فَمَرَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَسْجِدِ ⦗٣١٥⦘ وَهُمْ رَاكِعُونَ، فَقَالَ: أَشْهَدُ لَقَدْ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قِبَلَ مَكَّةَ فَدَارُوا كَمَا هُمْ قِبَلَ الْبَيْتِ، وَكَانَتِ الْيَهُوَدُ قَدْ أَعْجَبَهُمْ إِذْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي قِبَلَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَأَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى وَجْهَهُ قِبَلَ الْبَيْتِ أَنْكَرُوا ذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّهُ مَاتَ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُحَوَّلَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ رِجَالٌ وَصَلُّوا، فَلَمْ نَدْرِ مَا نَقُولُ فِيهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَانَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٣] \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ.\n\n٢٨٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ صَلَاتَهُمْ إِيمَانٌ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَانَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٣]\n\n٢٨٧٨ - قَالَ: وَقَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٤]، فَشَطْرُهُ وَتِلْقَاؤُهُ وَجِهَتُهُ وَاحِدٌ فِي كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ\n\n٢٨٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: شَطْرُهُ: قِبَلَهُ\n\n٢٨٨٠ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، شَطْرُهُ يَعْنِي: نَحْوَهُ\n\n٢٨٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: \" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، لَمَّا دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ دَعَا فِي نَوَاحِيهِ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ فِيهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ رَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي قِبَلِ الْكَعْبَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَذِهِ الْقِبْلَةُ»\n\n٢٨٨٢ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ مَرْفُوعًا: «الْبَيْتُ قِبْلَةٌ لِأَهْلِ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَالْمَسْجِدُ قِبْلَةٌ لِأَهْلِ الْحَرَمِ، وَالْحَرَمُ قِبْلَةٌ لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ» حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ ⦗٣١٦⦘.\n\n٢٨٨٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ: فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُظْلِمَةٍ، كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى حِيَالِهِ، وَخَطِّهِمْ خُطُوطًا، وَأَنَّهُمْ أَصْبَحُوا وَأَصْبَحَتْ تِلْكَ الْخُطُوطُ لِغَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ، فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «مَضَتْ صَلَاتُكُمْ»، وَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١١٥] \" حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ فِيهِ إِسْنَادٌ،\n\n٢٨٨٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي فَرْضِ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَتْ حِينَ حُوِّلَتِ الْقِبْلَةُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ","vol":"2","page":314},{"text":"٢٨٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي، وَهُوَ مُقْبِلٌ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ حَيْثُ كَانَ وَجْهُهُ قَالَ: وَفِيهِ نَزَلَتْ: ﴿فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١١٥] \"\n\n٢٨٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.\n\n٢٨٨٧ - وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِي، نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":316},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-141>النَّافِلَةُ فِي السَّفَرِ حَيْثُ مَا تَوَجَّهَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ</span>","vol":"2","page":317},{"text":"٢٨٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فِي السَّفَرِ حَيْثُ مَا تَوَجَّهَتْ بِهِ» ⦗٣١٨⦘\n\n٢٨٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَزَادَ فِيهِ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِزِيَادَتِهِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":317},{"text":"٢٨٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحُبَابِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي عَلَى حِمَارٍ، وَهُوَ مُوَجَّهٌ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ»\n\n٢٨٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي النَّوَافِلَ ⦗٣١٩⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":318},{"text":"٢٨٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سُرَاقَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ بَنِي أَنْمَارَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ مُوَجِّهًا قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ»\n\n٢٨٩٣ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ.\n\n٢٨٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٢٨٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا أَدْرِي سَمَّى بَنِي أَنْمَارَ، أَوْ لَا، أَوْ قَالَ: فِي سَفَرٍ","vol":"2","page":319},{"text":"٢٨٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٣٢٠⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي وَهُوَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ النَّوَافِلَ فِي كُلِّ جِهَةٍ»\n\n٢٨٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: وَلَكِنَّهُ يَخْفِضُ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ، يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً،\n\n٢٨٩٨ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: وَالسُّجُودُ أَخْفَضُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ","vol":"2","page":319},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-142>الْوِتْرُ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ دُونَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":321},{"text":"٢٨٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «أَوْتَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ مَكْتُوبَةً عَلِمْنَاهُ عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ»","vol":"2","page":321},{"text":"٢٩٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَسِيرُ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بِطَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: فَلَمَّا خَشِيتُ الصُّبْحَ، نَزَلْتُ فَأَوْتَرْتُ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكْتُهُ، فَقَالَ لِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: أَيْنَ كُنْتَ؟ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: خَشِيتُ الْفَجْرَ، فَنَزَلْتُ فَأَوْتَرْتُ، فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ لَكَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُسْوَةٌ؟ فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى، وَاللَّهِ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَانَ يُوتِرُ عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ» ⦗٣٢٢⦘ رَوَاهُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِمَعْنَاهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٢٩٠١ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَانَ يُسَبِّحُ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ قِبَلَ أَيِّ وَجْهٍ تَوَجَّهَ، وَيُوتِرُ عَلَيْهَا، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ»","vol":"2","page":321},{"text":"٢٩٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ، بِهَا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ بِشْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَاتِبُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَائِشَةَ: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَلْ رُخِّصَ لِلنِّسَاءِ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى الدَّوَابِّ، فَقَالَتْ: «مَا رُخِّصَ لَهُنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي هَزْلٍ، وَلَا جِدٍّ»\n\n٢٩٠٣ - وَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: فِي شِدَّةٍ، وَلَا رَخَاءَ ⦗٣٢٣⦘،\n\n٢٩٠٤ - وَهَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ","vol":"2","page":322},{"text":"٢٩٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ يُوتِرُ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ»\n\n٢٩٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: «كَانَ يُوتِرُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ»","vol":"2","page":323},{"text":"٢٩٠٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ ثُوَيْرٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي فَاخِتَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ يُوتِرُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً»","vol":"2","page":323},{"text":"٢٩٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ: «خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ» فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهَا؟ قَالَ: «إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ\n\n٢٩٠٨ -» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَفَرَائِضُ الصَّلَوَاتِ خَمْسٌ، وَمَا سِوَاهَا تَطَوُّعٌ، وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"2","page":323},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-143>الصَّلَاةُ فِي شِدَّةِ الْخَوْفِ</span>\n٢٩٠٩ - قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٩].","vol":"2","page":324},{"text":"٢٩١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ: \" كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ قَالَ: يَتَقَدَّمُ الْإِمَامُ وَطَائِفَةٌ، ثُمَّ قَصَّ الْحَدِيثَ \" وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَإِنْ كَانَ خَوْفًا أَشَدَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ صَلُّوا رِجَالًا، أَوْ رُكْبَانًا مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْقِبْلَةَ، وَغَيْرَ مُسْتَقْبِلِيهَا\n\n٢٩١١ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ قَالَ نَافِعٌ: لَا أَرَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٢٩١٢ - قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَةٍ: عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n٢٩١٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ⦗٣٢٥⦘ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، أَظُنُّهُ يَعْنِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ، لَا فِي صَلَاةِ شِدَّةِ الْخَوْفِ،\n\n٢٩١٤ - وَهُوَ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي صَلَاةِ شِدَّةِ الْخَوْفِ","vol":"2","page":324},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-144>بَابُ صِفَةِ الصَّلَاةِ وَغَيْرِهَا، النِّيَّةُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَمَا يَدْخُلُ بِهِ فِيهَا مِنَ التَّكْبِيرِ</span>\n٢٩١٥ - قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا ⦗٣٢٧⦘ الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ»","vol":"2","page":326},{"text":"٢٩١٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" فَرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷿ الصَّلَاةَ، وَأَبَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَدَدَ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةِ مِنْهُنَّ، وَمَا يُعْمَلُ فِيهِنَّ، وَفِي كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ،\n\n٢٩١٧ - وَأَبَانَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ مِنْهُنَّ نَافِلَةً وَفَرْضًا، فَقَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٩]\n\n٢٩١٨ - ثُمَّ أَبَانَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ بَيِّنًا - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ نَافِلَةٌ، وَفَرْضٌ، وَكَانَ الْفَرْضُ مِنْهَا مُؤَقَّتًا أَلَا يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ صَلَاةً إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَنْوِيَهَا، فَيُصَلِّيَهَا\n\n٢٩١٩ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ عَلَى الْمُصَلِّي فِي كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ وَاجِبَةٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا مُتَطَهِّرًا ⦗٣٢٨⦘، وَبَعْدَ الْوَقْتِ وَمُسْتَقْبِلًا لِلْقِبْلَةِ، وَيَنْوِيَهَا بِعَيْنِهَا، وَيُكَبِّرَ لَهَا، فَإِنْ تَرَكَ وَاحِدَةً مِنَ هَذِهِ الْخِصَالِ لَمْ تُجْزِئْهُ صَلَاتُهُ","vol":"2","page":327},{"text":"٢٩٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مِفْتَاحُ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُضُوءُ، وَتَحْرِيمُهَا التَّكْبِيرُ، وَتَحْلِيلُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ»\n\n٢٩٢١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n٢٩٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"2","page":328},{"text":"٢٩٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: «تَحْرِيمُ الصَّلَاةِ التَّكْبِيرُ، وَانْقِضَاؤُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ»","vol":"2","page":328},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-145>مَتَى يُكَبِّرُ الْإِمَامُ</span>؟","vol":"2","page":329},{"text":"٢٩٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ بِوَجْهِهِ بَعْدَمَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ، فَقَالَ: «أَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ وَتَرَاصُّوا، فَإِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِي»\n\n٢٩٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ هَذَا ثَابِتٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ ⦗٣٣٠⦘\n\n٢٩٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَائِدَةَ، وَزُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ","vol":"2","page":329},{"text":"٢٩٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، صَاحِبِ الْمَقْصُورَةِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَانَ إِذَا قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ أَخَذَ هَذَا الْعُودَ بِيَمِينِهِ، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ، فَقَالَ: «اعْتَدِلُوا، سَوُّوا صُفُوفَكُمْ»، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِيَسَارِهِ، فَقَالَ: «اعْتَدِلُوا، سَوُّوا صُفُوفَكُمْ»","vol":"2","page":330},{"text":"٢٩٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ: «كَانَ يَأْمُرُ رِجَالًا بِتَسْوِيَةِ الصُّفُوفِ، فَإِذَا جَاءُوا فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ الصُّفُوفَ قَدِ اسْتَوَتْ، كَبَّرَ»","vol":"2","page":330},{"text":"٢٩٢٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: جِئْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، وَقَدْ أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَأَنَا غُلَامٌ، أَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَفْرِضَ لِي، فَكَلَّمْتُهُ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ بِتَسْوِيَةِ الصُّفُوفِ، أَنْ قَدِ اسْتَوَتْ فَقَالَ:  «ادْخُلْ فِي الصَّفِّ، وَكَبَّرَ» ⦗٣٣١⦘\n\n٢٩٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَتَمَّ مِنْهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"2","page":330},{"text":"٢٩٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا تَقُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْنِي» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n٢٩٣٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَزَادَ: «حَتَّى تَرَوْنِي قَدْ خَرَجْتُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَنْظَلِيِّ، عَنْهُمَا\n\n٢٩٣٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ بِلَالٌ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَسْبِقْنِي بِآمِينَ» ⦗٣٣٢⦘. فَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ مُرْسَلًا.\n\n٢٩٣٤ - وَقِيلَ عَنْ أَبِيَ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُرْسَلٌ،\n\n٢٩٣٥ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ بِلَالٌ. وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.\n\n٢٩٣٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ بِلَالٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَسْبِقْنِي بِآمِينَ»\n\n٢٩٣٧ - هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَوْحٍ، وَآدَمَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ،\n\n٢٩٣٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الضُّبَعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ.\n\n٢٩٣٩ - وَرَوَاهُ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ بِلَالٌ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَسْبِقْنِي بِآمِينَ».\n\n٢٩٤٠ - فَإِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مَحْفُوظًا، فَيَرْجِعُ الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى مَعْنًى مِمَّا رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَمَّنَ الْإِمَامُ فَأَمِّنُوا» - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ سُبْحَانَهُ ⦗٣٣٣⦘.\n\n٢٩٤١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْعَوَّامِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، كَانَ إِذَا قَالَ بِلَالٌ: \" قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ: نَهَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَكَبَّرَ \"\n\n٢٩٤٢ - فَهَذَا لَا يَرْوِيهِ إِلَّا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ فَرُّوخٍ، وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يُضَعِّفُهُ.\n\n٢٩٤٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ بِلَالًا أَخَذَ فِي الْإِقَامَةِ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ: قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَقَامَهَا اللَّهُ وَأَدَامَهَا». وَقَالَ فِي سَائِرِ الْإِقَامَةِ كَنَحْوِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الْأَذَانِ.\n\n٢٩٤٤ - وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ رِوَايَةَ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ فَرُّوخٍ، وَيُخَالِفُهُ، أَيْضًا مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"2","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-146>رَفْعُ الْيَدَيْنِ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":334},{"text":"٢٩٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ، وَبَعْدَ مَا يَرْفَعُ وَلَا يَرْفَعُ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ» ⦗٣٣٥⦘\n\n٢٩٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا، سِوَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ: اثْنَا عَشْرَ رَجُلًا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.\n\n٢٩٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: اتَّفَقَتْ رِوَايَةُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَشُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعُقَيْلِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الرَّفْعِ حَذْوَ الْمَنْكِبَيْنِ.\n\n٢٩٤٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٢٩٤٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،\n\n٢٩٥٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣٣٦⦘.\n\n٢٩٥١ - وَفِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: حَتَّى حَاذَتَا أُذُنَيْهِ،\n\n٢٩٥٢ - وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى كَانَتَا بِحِيَالِ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَحَاذَى بِإِبْهَامَيْهِ أُذُنَيْهِ،\n\n٢٩٥٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ وَائِلٍ: رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حِيَالَ أُذُنَيْهِ،\n\n٢٩٥٤ - وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: حِذَاءُ أُذُنَيْهِ،\n\n٢٩٥٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ: حَتَّى يُحَاذِي بِهِمَا فُرُوعَ أُذُنَيْهِ،\n٢٩٥٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ: حَتَّى يَجْعَلَهُمَا قَرِيبًا مِنْ أُذُنَيْهِ،\n\n٢٩٥٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ: حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ،\n\n٢٩٥٨ - فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْأَمْرُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَاسِعًا، أَوْ يُتْرَكَ الِاخْتِلَافُ ⦗٣٣٧⦘ وَيُؤْخَذُ بِمَا اتَّفَقُوا عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٢٩٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لِأَنَّهَا أَثْبَتُ إِسْنَادًا، وَأَنَّهَا حَدِيثُ عَدَدٍ، وَالْعَدَدُ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ،\n\n٢٩٦٠ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَحَدِيثُنَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَثْبَتُ إِسْنَادًا، وَمَعَهُ عَدَدٌ يُوَافِقُونَهُ وَيَحُدُّونَهُ تَحْدِيدًا، لَا يُشْبِهُ الْغَلَطَ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ -\n\n٢٩٦١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ: «كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمَنْكِبَيْنِ»،\n\n٢٩٦٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٢٩٦٣ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ بِحَيْثُ يَكُونُ ظُهُوَرُ رَاحَتَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَرُءُوسُ أَصَابِعِهِ حَذْوَ فُرُوعِ أُذُنَيْهِ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْهَا، جَمْعًا بَيْنَ الرِّوَايَاتِ، وَحَكَاهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، ﵀ بِمَعْنَاهُ،\n\n٢٩٦٤ - وَاعْتَمَدَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ، عَلَى حَدِيثِ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ فِي الرَّفْعِ حَذْوَ الْأُذُنَيْنِ، وَحَمَلَ سَائِرَ الْأَحَادِيثِ عَلَى أَنَّهَا وَرَدَتْ فِي الرَّفْعِ فِي الثِّيَابِ لِعِلَّةِ الْبَرْدِ، إِلَى مُنْتَهَى مَا يُسْتَطَاعُ الرَّفْعُ إِلَيْهِ، وَهُمَا الْمَنْكِبَانِ","vol":"2","page":334},{"text":"٢٩٦٥ - وَغَفَلَ عَنْ رِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ: \" رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ، وَبَعْدَ مَا يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ قَالَ وَائِلٌ: ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُمْ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، فَرَأَيْتُهُمْ يَرْفَعُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي الْبَرَانِسِ \"\n\n٢٩٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٩٦٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٢٩٦٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ،\n\n٢٩٦٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n٢٩٧٠ - فَهَلَّا جَعَلَ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ أَوْلَى مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَى عَنْهُ حِذَاءَ أُذُنَيْهِ، لِمُوَافَقَتِهَا رِوَايَةَ غَيْرِ وَائِلٍ مِمَّنْ سَمَّيْنَاهُمْ، وَلَا يَحْمِلُ رِوَايَةَ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَلَى النَّادِرِ مِنَ الْأَحْوَالِ، مَعَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يُسْتَطَاعُ الرَّفْعُ فِي الثِّيَابِ إِلَى الْأُذُنَيْنِ، وَفِي زَعْمِهِ إِلَى الْمَنْكِبَيْنِ وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُمَا فِي رِوَايَتِهِ إِلَّا إِلَى صَدْرِهِ، فَكَيْفَ حَمَلَ سَائِرَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى خَبَرِهِ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ مَا حَمْلَهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ آخَرَيْنَ: فِي الرَّفْعِ عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَرَفْعَ الرَّأْسِ مِنْهُ، وَقَالَ مِنَ الطَّعْنِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ قَوْلُهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":338},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-147>وَضَعُ الْيَمِينِ عَلَى الشِّمَالِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"2","page":339},{"text":"٢٩٧١ - ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْهُ، وَحَكَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ، وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ: «رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى يَدِهِ الْيُسْرَى فِي الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٢٩٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَاكِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جُحَادَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَمَوْلًى لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمَا: حَدَّثَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ: أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَفَّانَ","vol":"2","page":339},{"text":"٢٩٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَ النَّاسُ يُؤْمَرُونَ أَنْ يَضَعَ الرَّجُلُ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى ذِرَاعِهِ الْيُسْرَى فِي الصَّلَاةِ»،\n\n٢٩٧٤ - وَقَالَ أَبُو حَازِمٍ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَنْمِي ذَلِكَ، يَعْنِي يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٢٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ.\n\n٢٩٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٩٧٧ - وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، عَنْ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ، عَنْ ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَضَعُ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى يَدِهِ الْيُسْرَى، ثُمَّ يَشُدُّهُمَا عَلَى صَدْرِهِ. وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٢٩٧٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي بَعْضِ طُرُقِ حَدِيثِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ وَضَعَهُمَا عَلَى صَدْرِهِ.\n\n٢٩٧٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ٢]، وَضَعَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى يَدِهِ الْيُسْرَى عَلَى صَدْرِهِ ⦗٣٤١⦘\n\n٢٩٨٠ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، تَحْتَ السُّرَّةِ، لَمْ يَثْبُتْ إِسْنَادُهُ، تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ،\n\n٢٩٨١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ثُمَّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَأَبِي مِجْلَزٍ مِثْلَ قَوْلِنَا","vol":"2","page":340},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-148>افْتِتَاحُ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ التَّكْبِيرِ</span>","vol":"2","page":342},{"text":"٢٩٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ - قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ -: كَانَ إِذَا ابْتَدَأَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُمْ: كَانَ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ: «وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَالْأَرْضَ حَنِيفًا، وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ ⦗٣٤٣⦘ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي، وَمَحْيَايَ، وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ» قَالَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ: «وَأَنَا مِنْ أَوَّلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ».\n\n٢٩٨٣ - وَشَكَكْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمْ: وَأَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ «اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الْمَلِكُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، أَنْتَ رَبِّي، وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ، ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي، وَاعْتَرَفْتُ بِذَنْبِي، فَاغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي جَمِيعًا، لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَاهْدِنِي لِأَحْسَنِ الْأَخْلَاقِ لَا يَهْدِي لِأَحْسَنِهَا إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَاصْرِفْ عَنِّي سَيِّئَهَا لَا يَصْرِفُ عَنِّي سَيِّئَهَا إِلَّا أَنْتَ، لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ، وَالْخَيْرُ بِيَدَيْكَ، وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ، وَالْمَهْدِيُّ مَنْ هَدَيْتَ، أَنَا بِكَ وَإِلَيْكَ، لَا مَنْجَى مِنْكَ إِلَّا إِلَيْكَ، تَبَارَكْتَ وَتَعَالَيْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ»\n\n٢٩٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ مُخْتَصَرًا،\n\n٢٩٨٥ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا: يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ الْمَاجُشُونُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ هُرْمُزٍ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ ⦗٣٤٤⦘.\n\n٢٩٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ وَآمُرُ، وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِهِ، كَمَا يُرْوَى عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَا يُغَادِرُ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، وَيَجْعَلُ مَكَانَ «وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»: «وَأَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»\n\n٢٩٨٧ - زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، لِأَنَّهُ: أَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، لَا تَصْلُحُ لِغَيْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ\n\n٢٩٨٨ - ﷺ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِذَلِكَ أَمَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ.\n\n٢٩٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُمَيْلِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ ⦗٣٤٥⦘ إِلَيْكَ: تَفْسِيرُهُ: الشَّرُّ لَا يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ \"\n\n٢٩٩٠ - وَقَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: مَخْرَجُ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةِ صَحِيحٌ، وَهُوَ مَوْضِعُ تَعْظِيمٍ، كَمَا لَا يُقَالُ: يَا خَالِقَ الْعُذْرَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَا يُقَالُ: يَا خَالِقَ الْخِنْزِيرِ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُضَافَ إِلَيْهِ التَّقْصِيرُ","vol":"2","page":342},{"text":"٢٩٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أَصْحَابِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: \" كَانَ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، سُبْحَانَكَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَالْأَرْضَ حَنِيفًا، وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، إِنَّ صَلَاتِي، وَنُسُكِي، وَمَحْيَايَ، وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ، وَأَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ \"\n\n٢٩٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِنَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ: كَانَ يَقُولُ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ، يَبْدَأُ بِهَذَا: «وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَالْأَرْضَ»\n\n٢٩٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي الِافْتِتَاحِ، فَقَالَ: افْتَتَحَ بِسُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ وَتَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٩٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي اسْتِفْتَاحِهِ بِذَلِكَ ⦗٣٤٦⦘.\n\n٢٩٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَصْلُ مَا نَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ، أَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا يَبْدَأُ بِقَوْلِهِ وَفِعْلِهِ مَا كَانَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَوْ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ.\n\n٢٩٩٦ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا الْقَوْلَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ مَدِينَتِكُمْ،\n\n٢٩٩٧ - قُلْنَا لَهُ وَلِبَعْضِ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ: أَحَافِظٌ مَنْ رَوَيْتَ عَنْهُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، وَيُحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِهِ؟ فَقَالَ عَامَّةُ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ: لَا، لَيْسَ بِحَافِظٍ.\n\n٢٩٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعَارَضَ بِرِوَايَةِ مَنْ لَا يَحْفَظُ، وَلَا يُقْبَلُ حَدِيثُ مِثْلِهِ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ رِوَايَةَ مَنْ يَحْفَظُ وَيُثْبِتُ حَدِيثَهُ","vol":"2","page":345},{"text":"٢٩٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، وَتَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ، وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ، وَلَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ» حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٣٠٠٠ - وَحَارِثَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ هُوَ حَارِثَةُ بْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ لَا ⦗٣٤٧⦘ يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ،\n\n٣٠٠١ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ","vol":"2","page":346},{"text":"٣٠٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا طَلْقُ بْنُ غَنَّامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ حَرْبٍ الْمُلَائِيُّ، عَنْ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ ⦗٣٤٨⦘: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا اسْتَفْتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ: «سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، وَتَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ، وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ، وَلَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ»\n\n٣٠٠٣ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَيْسَ بِالْمَشْهُوَرِ عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَلَمْ يَرْوِهِ إِلَّا طَلْقُ بْنُ غَنَّامٍ.\n\n٣٠٠٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَى قِصَّةَ الصَّلَاةِ جَماعَةٌ عَنْ بُدَيْلٍ، لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا فِيهِ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"2","page":347},{"text":"٣٠٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ مُطَهَّرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الرِّفَاعِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُتَوَكِّلِ النَّاجِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِذَا قَامَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ كَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، تَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ، وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا غَيْرُكَ»، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ» ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا، ثَلَاثًا، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ، مِنْ هَمْزِهِ، وَنَفْخِهِ، وَنَفْثِهِ» ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ \" ⦗٣٤٩⦘\n\n٣٠٠٦ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يَقُولُونَ هُوَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْوَهْمُ مِنْ جَعْفَرٍ\n\n٣٠٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، مَرَّةً عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَمَرَّةً عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"2","page":348},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-149>التَّعَوُّذُ بَعْدَ الِافْتِتَاحِ</span>\n٣٠٠٨ - قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ﴾ [النحل: ٩٨]","vol":"2","page":350},{"text":"٣٠٠٩ - وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْعَنَزِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، حِينَ افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا» قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا، «وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَثِيرًا» قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا، «وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا» قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا، «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ، مِنْ هَمْزِهِ، وَنَفْخِهِ، وَنَفْثِهِ»\n\n٣٠١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، وَشُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ عَنَزَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَاصِمٌ ⦗٣٥١⦘ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ: قِيلَ لَهُ: أَظُنُّهُ لِعَمْرٍو، وَمَا هَمْزُهُ؟. قَالَ: الْمَوْتَةُ الَّتِي تَأْخُذُ ابْنَ آدَمَ، قِيلَ: وَمَا نَفْخُهُ؟ قَالَ: الْكِبْرُ. قِيلَ: وَمَا نَفْثُهُ؟ قَالَ: الشِّعْرُ","vol":"2","page":350},{"text":"٣٠١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، وَهُوَ يَؤُمُّ النَّاسَ رَافِعًا صَوْتَهُ:  «رَبَّنَا إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ»\n\n٣٠١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، يَتَعَوَّذُ فِي نَفْسِهِ.\n\n٣٠١٣ - وَأَيُّهُمَا فَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ أَجْزَأَهُ، وَكَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَتَعَوَّذُ حِينَ يَفْتَتِحُ قَبْلَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَبِذَلِكَ أَقُولُ، وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَقُولَ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ،\n\n٣٠١٤ - وَأَيُّ كَلَامٍ اسْتَعَاذَ بِهِ أَجْزَأَهُ\n\n٣٠١٥ - قَالَ: وَيَقُولُهُ فِي أَوَّلِ رَكْعَةٍ،\n\n٣٠١٦ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنْ قَالَهُ حِينَ يَفْتَتِحُ كُلَّ رَكْعَةٍ قَبْلَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَحَسَنٌ، وَلَا آمُرُ بِهِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ أَمْرِي بِهِ فِي أَوَّلِ رَكْعَةٍ ⦗٣٥٢⦘\n\n٣٠١٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَعَطَاءِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، يَقُولُهُ فِي أَوَّلِ رَكْعَةٍ،\n\n٣٠١٨ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ أَنَّهُ: كَانَ يَسْتَعِيذُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ","vol":"2","page":351},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-150>الْقِرَاءَةُ بَعْدَ التَّعَوُّذِ</span>","vol":"2","page":353},{"text":"٣٠١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ ⦗٣٥٤⦘ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"2","page":353},{"text":"٣٠٢٠ - وَرَوَاهُ زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ ⦗٣٥٥⦘:  «لَا تُجْزِئُ صَلَاةٌ لَا يَقْرَأُ الرَّجُلُ فِيهَا فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n٣٠٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَاعِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":354},{"text":"٣٠٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ صَلَاةٍ لَمْ يُقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ، فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":355},{"text":"٣٠٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَقَدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ أَبَا السَّائِبِ، مَوْلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ زُهْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ، هِيَ خِدَاجٌ هِيَ خِدَاجٌ غَيْرُ تَمَامٍ» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ إِنِّي أَحْيَانًا أَكُونُ وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ. قَالَ: فَغَمَزَ ذِرَاعِي ⦗٣٥٦⦘، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اقْرَأْ بِهَا فِي نَفْسِكَ يَا فَارِسِيُّ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: قَسَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي نِصْفَيْنِ، فَنِصْفُهَا لِي وَنِصْفُهَا لِعَبْدِي. وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ \". قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" اقْرَءُوا. يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢]، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﵎: حَمِدَنِي عَبْدِي. وَيَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١]، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: أَثْنَى عَلَيَّ عَبْدِي، وَيَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: مَجَّدَنِي عَبْدِي، يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٥]، فَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي، وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ. يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: ﴿اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧] فَهَؤُلَاءِ لِعَبْدِي، وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٣٠٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: \" يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: مَجَّدَنِي عَبْدِي، وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي \". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْبَاقِيَ بِنَحْوِهِ.\n\n٣٠٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ.\n\n٣٠٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الضُّبَعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٥٧⦘.\n\n٣٠٢٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ فِي كِتَابِي وَقَعَ مُخْتَصَرًا قَالَ حَرْمَلَةُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْحُفَّاظُ يَرْوُونَهُ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، يُخَالِفُونَ مَالِكًا، وَمَالِكٌ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّائِبِ\n\n٣٠٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يَرْوِيهِ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَرَوْحُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، وَأَبُو غَسَّانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَجَهْضَمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n٣٠٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٣٠٣٠ - فَكَأَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُمْ جَمِيعًا، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مِنْ أَبِي، وَمِنْ أَبِي السَّائِبِ جَمِيعًا وَكَانَا جَلِيسَيْنِ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَا: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٣٠٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣٠٣٢ - وَقَدْ حَكَمَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ بِصِحَّةِ الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَأَخْرَجَ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ الْمَدَنِيِّ، عَلَى طَرِيقِ الِاسْتِشْهَادِ.\n\n٣٠٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: \" فَإِذَا قَالَ الْعَبْدُ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] قَالَ اللَّهُ: ذَكَرَنِي عَبْدِي \" ⦗٣٥٨⦘،\n\n٣٠٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْخَضِرِ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِزِيَادَتِهِ،\n\n٣٠٣٥ - وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِمَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ","vol":"2","page":355},{"text":"٣٠٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ وَهْبٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أَنْ أُنَادِيَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ: أَنْ لَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا بِقِرَاءَةٍ \"، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِلَّا بِقُرْآنِ، وَلَوْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، فَقَدْ خَالَفَهُمْ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ فَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أَنْ أُنَادِيَ: أَنْ لَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا بِقُرْآنٍ: فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ فَمَا زَادَ \"\n\n٣٠٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ بَيَّاعِ الْأَنْمَاطِ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣٠٣٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يُخَالِفُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ يَعْنِي فِي الْحَدِيثِ إِلَّا كَانَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"2","page":359},{"text":"٣٠٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: كَيْفَ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ وَهُوَ بِالْحِفْظِ وَالْإِتْقَانِ بِالْمَكَانِ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِهَذَا الشَّأْنِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ ⦗٣٦٠⦘: أَمَرَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَنْ أُنَادِيَ أَنَّهُ لَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا بِقِرَاءَةِ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ فَمَا زَادَ»\n\n٣٠٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ، وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٣٠٤١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى،\n\n٣٠٤٢ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":359},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-151>بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، آيَةٌ مِنَ الْفَاتِحَةِ</span>\n٣٠٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنَ الْعَظِيمَ﴾ [الحجر: ٨٧]، وَهِيَ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَأَوَّلُهَا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ \"","vol":"2","page":361},{"text":"٣٠٤٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ⦗٣٦٢⦘، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ: \" ﴿وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي﴾ [الحجر: ٨٧] هِيَ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ \"\n\n٣٠٤٥ - قَالَ أَبِي: وَقَرَأَهَا عَلَيَّ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، الْآيَةُ السَّابِعَةُ»\n\n٣٠٤٦ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: وَقَرَأَهَا عَلَيَّ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كَمَا قَرَأْتُهَا عَلَيْكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ الْآيَةُ السَّابِعَةُ» قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «فَذَخَرَهَا اللَّهُ لَكُمْ، فَمَا أَخْرَجَهَا لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلَكُمْ»\n\n٣٠٤٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَذَخَرَهَا لَكُمْ، لَمْ يَقُلْ: فَذَخَرَهَا اللَّهُ.\n\n٣٠٤٨ - وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا وَمَوْقُوفًا، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ","vol":"2","page":361},{"text":"٣٠٤٩ - قَالَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" كَانَ إِذَا قَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ بَدَأَ بِ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١]. يَعُدُّهَا آيَةً، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢] يَعُدُّهَا سِتَّ آيَاتٍ \"\n\n٣٠٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَلَاءِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ⦗٣٦٣⦘ الْكُوفِيُّ، بِمِصْرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي قِرَاءَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢]، وَيُقَطِّعُهَا حَرْفًا حَرْفًا، يَعْنِي آيَةً آيَةً \"\n\n٣٠٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"2","page":362},{"text":"٣٠٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، ح\n\n٣٠٥٣ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيٌّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ هَارُونَ الْبَلْخِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" كَانَ يَقْرَأُ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢] ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾ ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٥] ﴿اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٦] ﴿صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧]. فَقَطَّعَهَا آيَةً آيَةً، وَعَدَّهَا عَدَّ الْأَعْرَابِ، وَعَدَّ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] آيَةً، وَلَمْ يَعُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ \" ⦗٣٦٤⦘\n\n٣٠٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا التَّفْسِيرُ يُوَافِقُ جُمْلَةَ مَا رَوَاهُ أَصْحَابُ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَالِاحْتِجَاجُ وَقَعَ بِرِوَايَتِهِمْ","vol":"2","page":363},{"text":"٣٠٥٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الصَّغَانِيِّ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ خِدَاشٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ هَارُونَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" قَرَأَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] فَعَدَّهَا آيَةً، ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢] آيَتَيْنِ، ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ، ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾، أَرْبَعَ آيَاتٍ وَقَالَ هَكَذَا ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٥] وَجَمَعَ خَمْسَ أَصَابِعِهِ \"\n\n٣٠٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٣٠٥٧ - وَأَحْسَنُ مَا يَحْتَجُّ بِهِ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي أَنَّ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَأَنَّهَا فِي فَوَاتِحِ السُّوَرِ مِنْهَا، سِوَى سُورَةِ بَرَاءَةَ، مَا رُوِّينَا مِنْ جَمْعِ الصَّحَابَةِ ﵃ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ ﷿ فِي مَصَاحِفَ، وَأَنَّهُمْ كَتَبُوا فِيهَا: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، عَلَى رَأْسِ كُلِّ سُورَةٍ سِوَى سُورَةِ بَرَاءَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ، وَلَا تَقْيِيدٍ، وَلَا إِدْخَالِ شَيْءٍ آخَرَ فِيهَا، وَهُمْ يَقْصِدُونَ بِذَلِكَ نَفْيَ الْخِلَافِ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ، فَكَيْفَ يُتَوَهَّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَتَبُوا فِيهَا: مِائَةً وَثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ آيَةً لَيْسَتْ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ؟\n\n٣٠٥٨ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ﵁ يُؤَكِّدُ مَا قُلْنَا","vol":"2","page":364},{"text":"٣٠٥٩ - وَهُوَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبَجَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَوْذَةُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفُ بْنُ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، قُلْتُ: لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، مَا حَمَلَكُمْ عَلَى أَنْ عَمَدْتُمْ إِلَى ⦗٣٦٥⦘ الْأَنْفَالِ، وَهِيَ مِنَ الْمَثَانِي، وَإِلَى بَرَاءَةَ، وَهِيَ مِنَ الْمِئِينَ، فَقَرَنْتُمْ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَلَمْ تَكْتُبُوا بَيْنَهُمَا سَطْرَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ. وَوَضَعْتُمُوهَا فِي السَّبْعِ الطُّوَّلِ، مَا حَمَلَكُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَانَ يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ الزَّمَانُ وَهُوَ تَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ السُّوَرُ ذَوَاتُ الْعَدَدِ، فَكَانَ إِذَا نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّيْءُ، يَدْعُو بَعْضَ مَنْ كَانَ يَكْتُبُهُ فَيَقُولُ: \" ضَعُوا هَذِهِ فِي السُّورَةِ الَّتِي يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَتَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ الْآيَةُ، فَيَقُولُ: ضَعُوا هَذِهِ فِي السُّورَةِ الَّتِي يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَكَانَتِ الْأَنْفَالُ مِنْ أَوَائِلِ مَا أُنْزِلَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَبَرَاءَةُ مِنْ آخِرِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَكَانَتْ قِصَّتُهَا شَبِيهَةً بِقِصَّتِهَا، فَقُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنْ لَنَا أَنَّهَا مِنْهَا، فَظَنَنَّا أَنَّهَا مِنْهَا، فَمِنْ ثَمَّ قَرَنْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَلَمْ أَكْتُبْ بَيْنَهُمَا سَطْرَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ \"\n\n٣٠٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ عَلِمْنَا بِالرِّوَايَةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعُدُّ ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] آيَةً مِنَ الْفَاتِحَةِ، بَعْدَ سَمَاعِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ","vol":"2","page":364},{"text":"٣٠٦١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَلَّى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو قُتَيْبَةَ سَلْمُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَدَمِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ ⦗٣٦٦⦘: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ الْبَزَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَعْلَمُ خَتْمَ السُّورَةِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ \"\n\n٣٠٦٢ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي أَبُو عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْجُنَيْدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: انْقِضَاءَ السُّورَةِ،\n\n٣٠٦٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، مَوْصُولًا، وَأَرْسَلَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ.\n\n٣٠٦٤ - وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِهَذَا فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ صَدَرَ مِنَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بَعْدَ سُؤَالِهِ عُثْمَانَ، وَكَذَلِكَ سَائِرُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ فِي قِرَاءَةِ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَالْجَهْرِ بِهَا، فَكَيْفَ يُسْتَدَلُّ بِسُؤَالِهِ عُثْمَانَ عَلَى رُجُوعِهِ عَنْ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبِ الَّذِي انْتَشَرَ عَنْهُ بَعْدَهُ؟ بَلْ يُسْتَدَلُّ بِمَذْهَبِهِ عَلَى أَنَّ مُرَادَ عُثْمَانَ بِمَا قَالَ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُبَيِّنُ خَتْمَ السُّورَةِ وَابْتِدَاءَ غَيْرِهَا بِقِرَاءَةِ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ فِي أَوَّلِهَا مُخْبِرًا بِنُزُولِهَا مَعَهَا، كَمَا قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، نَزَلَتْ عَلَيَّ سُورَةٌ، فَقَرَأَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ إِلَى آخِرِهَا ⦗٣٦٧⦘.\n\n٣٠٦٥ - وَإِذَا نَزَلَتْ آيَةٌ وَآيَتَانِ قَرَأَهَا دُونَهَا، كَمَا قَالَ: فِي حَدِيثِ الْإِفْكِ، حِينَ كَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ﴾، وَلَمْ يَقْرَأْ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ فِي أَوَّلِهَا، ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِإِلْحَاقِهَا بِسُورَتِهَا، عَلَى مَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ، حِينَ نَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ بَرَاءَةَ لَمْ يَنْزِلْ مَعَهَا: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُخْبِرُهُمْ بِنُزُولِهَا بَعْدَهَا أَوْ إِلْحَاقِهَا بِهَا، وَلَا سَمِعُوهُ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِإِلْحَاقِهَا بِسُورَةِ الْأَنْفَالِ، فَقَرَنُوا بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَمْ يَكْتُبُوا بَيْنَهُمَا: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":365},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-152>الْجَهْرُ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ</span>","vol":"2","page":368},{"text":"٣٠٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَبْدَأُ فَيَقْرَأُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ يَرْفَعُ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ، كَمَا يَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ بِمَا يَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَيَقْرَأُ أُمَّ الْقُرْآنِ\n\n٣٠٦٧ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَفْتَتِحُ الْقِرَاءَةَ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ»","vol":"2","page":368},{"text":"٣٠٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُبَشِّرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَشْعَثَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ ⦗٣٦٩⦘: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفْتَتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ \"\n\n٣٠٦٩ - وَأَبُو خَالِدٍ هَذَا يُقَالُ: هُوَ أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْوَالِبِيُّ، وَاسْمُهُ: هُرْمُزٌ، وَهُوَ كُوفِيٌّ، قَالَهُ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ","vol":"2","page":368},{"text":"٣٠٧٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ الْمُفَسِّرُ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ الْوَرَّاقُ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ الْأَفْطَسِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَجْهَرُ: بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ يَمُدُّ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ \" وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَهْزَءُونَ مُكَاءً، وَتَصْدِيَةً، وَيَقُولُونَ: يَذْكُرُ إِلَهَ الْيَمَامَةِ، يَعْنُونَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ، وَيُسَمُّونَهُ: الرَّحْمَنَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ﴾ [الإسراء: ١١٠] فَيَسْمَعُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَيَهْزَءُونَ، ﴿وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾ [الإسراء: ١١٠] عَنْ أَصْحَابِكَ، فَلَا تُسْمِعُهُمْ، ﴿وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا﴾ [الإسراء: ١١٠] قَالَ: حَفِظَهُ اللَّهُ، هَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ ⦗٣٧٠⦘،\n\n٣٠٧١ - وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ آدَمَ، مُرْسَلًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُ يَحْيَى، فَزَادَ فِيهِ: وَذَكَرَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n٣٠٧٢ - قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ مَوْصُولًا، مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"2","page":369},{"text":"٣٠٧٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ، بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، وَشُعَيْبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ الْمُجْمِرِ قَالَ: \" صَلَّيْتُ وَرَاءَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَقَرَأَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧] قَالَ: آمِينَ، وَقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمِينَ، وَيَقُولُ كُلَّمَا سَجَدَ ⦗٣٧١⦘، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَإِذَا قَامَ الْجُلُوسُ قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَيَقُولُ إِذَا سَلَّمَ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنِّي لَأَشْبَهُكُمْ صَلَاةً بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"\n\n٣٠٧٤ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ.\n\n٣٠٧٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ","vol":"2","page":370},{"text":"٣٠٧٦ - أَنْبَأَنَا الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرِّيوَنْجِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَيْوَةُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ نُعَيْمٍ الْمُجْمِرِ قَالَ: \" صَلَّيْتُ وَرَاءَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: فَقَالَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧] قَالَ: آمِينَ، وَقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمِينَ، فَلَمَّا رَكَعَ، قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَذَكَرَ التَّكْبِيرَ فِي كُلِّ خَفْضٍ وَرَفْعٍ وَقِيَامٍ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنِّي لَأَشْبَهُكُمْ صَلَاةً بِنَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"\n\n٣٠٧٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":371},{"text":"٣٠٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُقْرِئُ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ ذَرٍّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَجَهَرَ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ»\n\n٣٠٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ بَكَّارِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ ذَرٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ،\n\n٣٠٨٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ ذَرٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ،\n\n٣٠٨١ - وَكَأَنَّ ذِكْرَ أَبِيهِ سَقَطَ مِنْ كِتَابِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":372},{"text":"٣٠٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحٌ، مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ: أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ: «كَانَ يَفْتَتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ»\n\n٣٠٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ نُعَيْمٍ الْمُجْمِرِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَهُ فِي آخِرِ الْخَبَرِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٣٠٨٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مَشْهُورٌ.\n\n٣٠٨٥ - وَالَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ⦗٣٧٣⦘: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا نَهَضَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ اسْتَفْتَحَ الْقِرَاءَةَ بِالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَلَمْ يَسْكُتْ، لَيْسَ يُرِيدُ بِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَقْرَأُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَسْكُتُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى عَقِيبَ التَّكْبِيرِ لِدُعَاءِ الِافْتِتَاحِ، بَلْ يَبْتَدِئُ بِقِرَاءَةِ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، يَعْنِي بِقِرَاءَةِ سُورَةِ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: قَرَأَ الم ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ، وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ بِذَلِكَ السُّورَةُ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ أَبَا زُرْعَةَ هُوَ الرَّاوِي عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي سُكُوتِهِ بَيْنَ التَّكْبِيرِ وَالْقِرَاءَةِ، فَأَرَادَ بِهَذَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَسْكُتُ ذَلِكَ السُّكُوتَ إِذَا نَهَضَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، وَالَّذِي يُؤَكِّدُ هَذَا أَنَّ بَعْضَ رُوَاتِهِ قَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: اسْتَفْتَحَ الْقِرَاءَةَ وَلَمْ يَسْكُتْ. فَدُلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْحَدِيثِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":372},{"text":"٣٠٨٦ - وَاعْتَمَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى إِجْمَاعِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّى مُعَاوِيَةُ، بِالْمَدِينَةِ صَلَاةً، فَجَهَرَ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، فَقَرَأَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، لِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَلَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِهَا لِلسُّورَةِ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا، حَتَّى قَضَى تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَلَمْ يُكَبِّرْ حِينَ يَهْوِي، حَتَّى قَضَى تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةَ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ نَادَاهُ مَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكَانٍ: يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ أَسَرَقْتَ الصَّلَاةَ أُمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَرَأَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، لِلسُّورَةِ الَّتِي بَعْدَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَكَبَّرَ حِينَ يَهْوِي سَاجِدًا \"","vol":"2","page":373},{"text":"٣٠٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ، قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ: \" فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ وَلَمْ يَقْرَأْ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَلَمْ يُكَبِّرْ إِذَا خَفَضَ وَإِذَا رَفَعَ، فَنَادَاهُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ حِينَ سَلَّمَ، وَالْأَنْصَارُ: أَيْ مُعَاوِيَةُ سَرَقْتَ صَلَاتَكَ، أَيْنَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَأَيْنَ التَّكْبِيرُ إِذَا خَفَضْتَ، وَإِذَا رَفَعْتَ؟ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ صَلَاةً أُخْرَى \" فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ فِيهَا: الَّذِي عَابُوا عَلَيْهِ\n\n٣٠٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَالْمُهَاجِرُونَ، وَالْأَنْصَارُ مِثْلُهُ، أَوْ مِثْلُ مَعْنَاهُ لَا يُخَالِفُهُ.\n\n٣٠٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحْسَبُ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادَ أَحْفَظَ مِنَ الْإِسْنَادِ الْأَوَّلِ\n\n٣٠٩٠ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ: وَفِي الْأَوَّلِ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ فِي أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَلَمْ يَقْرَأْهَا فِي السُّورَةِ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا. فَالزِّيَادَةُ حَفِظَهَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ،\n\n٣٠٩١ - وَقَوْلُهُ: فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ صَلَاةً أُخْرَى، يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَعَادَهَا، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الصَّلَاةَ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٣٠٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: وَأَحْسَبُ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادَ أَحْفَظَ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ، لِأَنَّ اثْنَيْنِ رَوَيَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،\n\n٣٠٩٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ⦗٣٧٥⦘،\n\n٣٠٩٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ،\n\n٣٠٩٥ - وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ حَافِظٌ ثِقَةٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُ عَنِ ابْنِ خَثيَمٍ - وَإِنْ كَانُوا غَيْرَ أَقْوِيَاءَ - عَدَدٌ،\n\n٣٠٩٦ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ خُثَيْمٍ، سَمِعَهُ مِنَ الْوَجْهَيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":374},{"text":"٣٠٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: \" كَانَ لَا يَدَعُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ لِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَالسُّورَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا \"\n\n٣٠٩٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنَا عُمَرُ، وَجُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ، وَأُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٣٠٩٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: بَيَانُ جَهْرِهِ بِهَا فِي الْفَاتِحَةِ، وَالسُّورَةِ جَمِيعًا","vol":"2","page":375},{"text":"٣١٠٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْفَقِيرِ ⦗٣٧٦⦘، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، \" قَرَأَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ،\n\n٣١٠١ - وَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، يَفْعَلُهُ، وَكَانَ يُشَبَّهُ فِي حُسْنِ الصَّلَاةِ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَكَانَ عَنْهُ أَخَذَهَا","vol":"2","page":375},{"text":"٣١٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" كَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يَسْتَفْتِحُ الْقِرَاءَةَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَيَقُولُ: مَا يَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْهَا إِلَّا الْكِبْرُ \"\n\n٣١٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَزْرَقِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَرَأَ فَجَهَرَ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ»\n\n٣١٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَفْعَلُهُ وَيَقُولُ: انْتَزَعَ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنْهُمْ خَيْرَ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: \" كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَا يَعْرِفُ خَتْمَ السُّورَةِ حَتَّى يَنْزِلَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ \"","vol":"2","page":376},{"text":"٣١٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ ⦗٣٧٧⦘ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ ابْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ يَفْتَتِحُ الْقِرَاءَةَ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ»","vol":"2","page":376},{"text":"٣١٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ ذَرٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ: \" كَانَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ اسْتَرَقَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرْآنِ أَعْظَمَ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ،\n\n٣١٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، فَقَالَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَكَأَنَّهُ سَقَطَ ذِكْرُ سَعِيدٍ مِنْ كِتَابِي، أَوْ مِنْ كِتَابِ شَيْخِي،\n\n٣١٠٨ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّابِتُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَهُوَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَصْحَابِهِ، مِثْلِ: عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، مَشْهُورٌ.\n\n٣١٠٩ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى خَطَأٍ وَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «قِرَاءَةُ الْجَهْرِ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ قِرَاءَةُ الْأَعْرَابِ» أَوْ أَرَادَ بِهِ الْجَهْرُ الشَّدِيدُ الَّذِي يُجَاوِزُ الْحَدَّ \"","vol":"2","page":377},{"text":"٣١١٠ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَعِينٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ ⦗٣٧٨⦘ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ، أَنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ: «كَانَ لَا يُصَلِّي خَلْفَ مَنْ لَا يَجْهَرُ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ»\n\n٣١١١ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَرَادَ بِهِ أَنَّ الْأَعْرَابَ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَأَنَّهُ يَجْهَرُ بِهَا، فَكَيْفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ وَأَهْلُ الْحَضَرِ؟ قَالَهُ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ،\n\n٣١١٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْجَهْرِ بِهَا، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَهُوَ مُذْهَبُ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ،\n\n٣١١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ فِي السُّنَنِ وَفِي الْخِلَافِيَّاتِ","vol":"2","page":377},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-153>الِابْتِدَاءُ بِقِرَاءَةِ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ قَبْلَ مَا يَقْرَأُ بَعْدَهَا</span>","vol":"2","page":379},{"text":"٣١١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ: «كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، يَفْتَتِحَانِ الْقِرَاءَةَ بِالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ»","vol":"2","page":379},{"text":"٣١١٥ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ كَانُوا يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ الصَّلَاةَ بِالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ \"\n\n٣١١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: قَدْ رَوَى مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: \" صَلَّيْتُ وَرَاءَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ، فَكُلُّهُمْ كَانَ لَا يَقْرَأُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ⦗٣٨٠⦘،\n\n٣١١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قِيلَ لَهُ: خَالَفَهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَالْفَزَارِيُّ، وَالثَّقَفِيُّ، وَعَدَدٌ لَقِيتُهُمْ سَبْعَةٌ أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةٌ مُتَّفِقَيْنَ مُخَالِفِينَ لَهُ، وَالْعَدَدُ الْكَثِيرُ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ\n\n٣١١٨ - ثُمَّ رَجَّحَ رِوَايَتَهَمْ بِمَا رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ","vol":"2","page":379},{"text":"٣١١٩ - وَهُوَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، يَفْتَتِحُونَ الْقِرَاءَةَ بِالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» ⦗٣٨١⦘\n\n٣١٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي يَبْدَءُونَ بِقِرَاءَةِ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، قَبْلَ مَا يُقْرَأُ بَعْدَهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَلَا يَعْنِي أَنَّهُمْ يَتْرُكُونَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n٣١٢١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٣١٢٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٣١٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّهُ: كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ يُخْبِرُهُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ: حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ: \" صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، فَكَانُوا يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ بِالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا يَذْكُرُونَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ فِي أَوَّلِ الْقِرَاءَةِ، وَلَا آخِرِهَا \"\n\n٣١٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ غُنْدَرٌ فِي آخَرِينَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، فَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ يَقْرَأُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ⦗٣٨٢⦘،\n\n٣١٢٥ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: فَلَمْ يَجْهَرُوا،\n\n٣١٢٦ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: فَلَمْ يَكُونُوا يَجْهَرُونَ","vol":"2","page":380},{"text":"٣١٢٧ - وَخَالَفَهُمْ آخَرُونَ، فَرَوَوْهُ كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، نَحْنُ سَأَلْنَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: «صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَخَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَخَلْفَ عُمَرَ، وَخَلْفَ عُثْمَانَ، فَكَانُوا يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ بِالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ»\n\n٣١٢٨ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، عَقِيبَ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ، وَلَمْ يَسُقْ مَتْنَهُ، وَذَلِكَ مِنْهُ تَجَوُّزٌ، فَمَتْنُهُ يُخَالِفُ مَتْنَ غُنْدَرٍ.\n\n٣١٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْحَوْضِيِّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ دُونَ ذِكْرِ عُثْمَانَ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ غُنْدَرٌ، وَلَا عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ\n\n٣١٣٠ - وَكَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ\n\n٣١٣١ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْهُ: هَذَا هُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ","vol":"2","page":382},{"text":"٣١٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبَزَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا غَسَّانُ بْنُ مُضَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ: \" أَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَسْتَفْتِحُ بِالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، أَوْ: بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ؟ فَقَالَ ⦗٣٨٣⦘: إِنَّكَ لَتَسْأَلُنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ مَا أَحْفَظُهُ، وَمَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْهُ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَكَ، قُلْتُ: أَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي فِي النَّعْلَيْنِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ \"\n\n٣١٣٣ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ.\n\n٣١٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ مَقْصُودَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، بِمَا رَوَى عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، مَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":382},{"text":"٣١٣٥ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ الْجَلَّابُ بِهَمَذَانَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ خُرَّزَاذَ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ قَالَ: «صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ الْمُعْتَمِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ مَا لَا أُحْصِي صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ، فَكَانَ يَجْهَرُ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، قَبْلَ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَبَعْدَهَا»\n\n٣١٣٦ - وَسَمِعْتُ الْمُعْتَمِرَ، يَقُولُ: مَا آلُو أَنْ أَقْتَدِيَ بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي،\n\n٣١٣٧ - وَقَالَ أَبِي: مَا آلُو أَنْ أَقْتَدِيَ بِصَلَاةِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٣١٣٨ - وَقَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ: مَا آلُو أَنْ أَقْتَدِيَ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٣١٣٩ - رُوَاةُ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ كُلُّهُمْ ثِقَاتٌ ⦗٣٨٤⦘،\n\n٣١٤٠ - وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَى أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَدْ يَجْهَرُونَ بِهَا، وَقَدْ لَا يَجْهَرُونَ، فَالرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِمَا صَحِيحَةٌ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْإِسْنَادِ، وَالْأَمْرُ فِيهِ وَاسِعٌ، فَإِنْ شَاءَ جَهَرَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَسَرَّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَابُدَّ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِهَا، وَإِنَّمَا اخْتِلَافُهُمْ فِي الْجَهْرِ دُونَ الْقِرَاءَةِ، وَمَنْ قَالَ: لَمْ يَقْرَأْ، أَرَادَ: لَمْ يَجْهَرْ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٣١٤١ - وَهَكَذَا الْجَوَّابُ عَنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ الْحَنَفِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n٣١٤٢ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: عَنْ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ","vol":"2","page":383},{"text":"٣١٤٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبَايَةَ وَهُوَ أَبُو نَعَامَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، قَالَ: \" سَمِعَنِي أَبِي، وَأَنَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ أَقْرَأُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، فَقَالَ لِي: مَهْ، إِيَّاكَ وَالْحَدَثَ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، فَكَانُوا يَفْتَحُونَ بِالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَلَمْ أَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَ أَشَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَثُ مِنْهُ \" ⦗٣٨٥⦘\n\n٣١٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣١٤٥ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو نَعَامَةَ وَاخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي لَفْظِهِ كَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِي حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُغَفَّلٍ، وَأَبُو نَعَامَةَ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِمَا صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n٣١٤٦ - وَقَدْ عَارَضَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِحَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ فِي قِصَّةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":384},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-154>كَيْفَ قِرَاءَةُ الْمُصَلِّي</span>؟","vol":"2","page":386},{"text":"٣١٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: \" ﴿وَرَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلًا﴾ [المزمل: ٤] وَأَقَلُّ التَّرْتِيلِ: تَرْكُ الْعَجَلَةِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ عَنِ الْإِبَانَةِ \"\n\n٣١٤٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَا يُجْزِئُهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ فِي صَدْرِهِ الْقُرْآنَ، وَلَا يَنْطِقُ بِهِ لِسَانُهُ،\n\n٣١٤٩ - زَادَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: حَتَّى يُحَرِّكَ بِهِ لِسَانَهُ، يَعْنِي بِالتَّكْبِيرِ وَالْقِرَاءَةِ، لِحَدِيثِ خَبَّابٍ: كُنَّا نَعْرِفُ قِرَاءَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِاضْطِرَابِ لِحْيَتِهِ \"","vol":"2","page":386},{"text":"٣١٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْمَرٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَخْبَرَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْنَا خَبَّابًا: \" أَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَى وَالْعَصْرِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قُلْنَا: بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ كُنْتُمْ تَعْرِفُونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: بِاضْطِرَابِ لِحْيَتِهِ \" ⦗٣٨٧⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"2","page":386},{"text":"٣١٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَاصِمٍ الْكِلَابِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، وَجَرِيرٌ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ: كَيْفَ كَانَتْ قِرَاءَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: \" كَانَتْ مَدًّا، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، يَمُدُّ الرَّحْمَنَ، وَيَمُدُّ الرَّحِيمَ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ","vol":"2","page":387},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-155>التَّأْمِينُ</span>","vol":"2","page":388},{"text":"٣١٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهُمَا أَخْبَرَاهُ: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَمَّنَ الْإِمَامُ فَأَمِّنُوا، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ وَافَقَ تَأْمِينُهُ تَأْمِينَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ»\n\n٣١٥٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «آمِينَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ ⦗٣٨٩⦘ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٣١٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، بِمِثْلِهِ، وَقَالَ: «فَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تُؤَمِّنُ»، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَ الزُّهْرِيِّ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"2","page":388},{"text":"٣١٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُمَيٌّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ السَّمَّانِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِذَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧] فَقُولُوا: آمِينَ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ وَافَقَ قَوْلُهُ قَوْلَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبَى صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"2","page":389},{"text":"٣١٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: \" إِذَا قَالَ أَحَدُكُمْ: آمِينَ، فَقَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فِي السَّمَاءِ: آمِينَ، فَوَافَقَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ \" ⦗٣٩٠⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ","vol":"2","page":389},{"text":"٣١٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: أَفَيُكْرَهُ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ صَوْتَهُ بِآمِينَ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا خِلَافُ مَا رَوَى صَاحِبُكُمْ وَصَاحِبُنَا، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُرِيدُ حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ\n\n٣١٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَنَا وَعِنْدَكُمْ عِلْمٌ إِلَّا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَبْتَغِيَ أَنْ يُسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «كَانَ يَجْهَرُ بِآمِينَ، وَأَنَّهُ أَمَرَ الْإِمَامَ أَنْ يَجْهَرَ بِهَا، فَكَيْفَ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَلَيْهِ؟»\n\n٣١٥٩ - وَرَوَى وَائِلُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «آمِينَ، يَجْهَرُ بِهَا صَوْتُهُ، وَيَحْكِي مَطَّهُ إِيَّاهَا»، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ لِلْإِمَامِ: لَا تَسْبِقْنِي بِآمِينَ، وَكَانَ يُؤَذَّنُ لَهُ","vol":"2","page":390},{"text":"٣١٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ حُجْرِ بْنِ عَنْبَسٍ، عَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ قَالَ: \" كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا قَالَ: آمِينَ رَفَعَ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ \"\n\n٣١٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ ⦗٣٩١⦘ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمَّا قَالَ: \" ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧]، قَالَ: آمِينَ يَمُدُّ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ \"\n\n٣١٦٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ: يَمُدُّ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ.\n\n٣١٦٣ - وَقَالَ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، رَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ بِآمِينَ وَطَوَّلَ بِهَا\n\n٣١٦٤ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، فَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ، خَفَضَ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ،\n\n٣١٦٥ - وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ الْحُفَّاظُ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَخْطَأَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ: الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ، بِمَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n٣١٦٦ - وَرَوَاهُ شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «يَجْهَرُ بِآمِينَ»\n\n٣١٦٧ - وَرَوَاهُ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n٣١٦٨ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ رِوَايَةِ الثَّوْرِيِّ،\n\n٣١٦٩ - وَكَانَ شُعْبَةُ يَقُولُ: سُفْيَانُ أَحْفَظُ مِنِّي،\n\n٣١٧٠ - وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ: لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَإِذَا خَالَفَهُ سُفْيَانُ، أَخَذْتُ بِقَوْلِ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٣١٧١ - وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، لَيْسَ بِأَحَدٍ يُخَالِفُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ إِلَّا كَانَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَ سُفْيَانَ، قِيلَ: وَشُعْبَةُ أَيْضًا إِنْ خَالَفَهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ⦗٣٩٢⦘\n\n٣١٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ،\n\n٣١٧٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":390},{"text":"٣١٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ بِمَرْوٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْقَاضِي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ الزُّبَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَسَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ رَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ، قَالَ: آمِينَ \"\n\n٣١٧٥ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ.\n\n٣١٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِمَعْنَاهُ\n\n٣١٧٧ - وَعَنْ حُجَيَّةَ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، وَعَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٣١٧٨ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ أُمِّ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ: أَنَّهَا صَلَّتْ خَلْفَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَسَمِعَتْهُ يَقُولُ: «آمِينَ» وَهِيَ فِي صَفِّ النِّسَاءِ ⦗٣٩٣⦘.\n\n٣١٧٩ - وَأَمَّا الْمَأْمُومُ، فَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: \" أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا كَانَ وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ، وَقَرَأَ الْإِمَامُ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، قَالَ النَّاسُ: آمِينَ، أَمَّنَ مَعَهُمْ، وَرَأَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ \"","vol":"2","page":392},{"text":"٣١٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: \" كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ الْأَئِمَّةَ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ، يَقُولُونَ: آمِينَ، وَمَنْ خَلْفَهُمْ، حَتَّى إِنَّ لِلْمَسْجِدِ لَلَجَّةً \"\n\n٣١٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَدْرَكْتُ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدَ، وَلَهُمْ ضَجَّةٌ بِآمِينَ»","vol":"2","page":393},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-156>الْقِرَاءَةُ بَعْدَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ</span>","vol":"2","page":394},{"text":"٣١٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: «وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ الْمُصَلِّي بَعْدَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، سُورَةً مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَإِنْ قَرَأَ بَعْضَ سُورَةٍ أَجْزَأَهُ»\n\n٣١٨٣ - قَالَ: «وَيَبْتَدِئُ الْقِرَاءَةَ فِي السُّورَةِ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ»","vol":"2","page":394},{"text":"٣١٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: \" كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَقْرَأُ فِي السَّفَرِ أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ فِي الْعَتَمَةِ إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الْأَرْضُ، فَقَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، فَلَمَّا أَتَى عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: إِذَا زُلْزِلَتْ، فَقَالَ: إِذَا زُلْزِلَتْ \"\n\n٣١٨٥ - فَقَدْ مَضَتْ رِوَايَةُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"2","page":394},{"text":"٣١٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ: أَيَقْرَأُ أَحَدٌ خَلْفَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ ⦗٣٩٥⦘ فَقَالَ: أُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ، وَلَيْسَ بِوَاجِبٍ عَلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ: وَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ؟ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ مَوْلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ أَنَّ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ نُسَيٍّ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ قَيْسَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنَابِحِيّ،\n\n٣١٨٧ - أَنَّهُ: \" قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، ﵁ فَصَلَّى وَرَاءَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ الْمَغْرِبَ، فَقَرَأَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَسُورَةً سُورَةً مِنْ قِصَارِ الْمُفَصَّلِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى إِنَّ ثِيَابِيَ لَتَكَادُ أَنْ تَمَسَّ ثِيَابَهُ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقْرَأُ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا، وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ﴾ [آل عمران: ٨] \"\n\n٣١٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، لَمَّا سَمِعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، بِهَذَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ قَالَ: إِنْ كُنْتُ لَعَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا، حَتَّى سَمِعْتُ بِهَذَا فَأَخَذْتُ بِهِ","vol":"2","page":394},{"text":"٣١٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: \" كَانَ إِذَا صَلَّى وَحْدَهُ، يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأَرْبَعِ جَمِيعًا، فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَسُورَةٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ أَحْيَانًا بِالسُّورَتَيْنِ، وَالثَّلَاثِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَرِيضَةِ \"","vol":"2","page":395},{"text":"٣١٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى قِرَاءَةِ السُّورَةِ فِي جَمِيعِ الرَّكَعَاتِ،\n\n٣١٩١ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الصِّدِّيقِ النَّاجِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ، فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ قَدْرَ ثَلَاثِينَ آيَةً، وَفِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ، قَدْرَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ آيَةً، أَوْ قَالَ: نِصْفَ ذَلِكَ، وَفِي الْعَصْرِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ قَدْرَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ آيَةً، وَفِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ قَدْرَ نِصْفِ ذَلِكَ \"\n\n٣١٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ الْحَوْضِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ شَيْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ\n\n٣١٩٣ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، وَالْبُوَيْطِيُّ: يَقْرَأُ الْإِمَامُ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَسُورَةٍ، وَفِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ","vol":"2","page":396},{"text":"٣١٩٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ إِمْلَاءً، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَسُورَةٍ، وَكَانَ يُسْمِعُنَا الْآيَةَ أَحْيَانًا، قَالَ: وَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ ⦗٣٩٧⦘ الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، وَكَانَ يُطِيلُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى مَا لَا يُطِيلُ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ \" قَالَ: وَهَكَذَا فِي صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، قَالَ: وَهَكَذَا فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُوسَى، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى\n\n٣١٩٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي جَوَازِ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ السُّوَرِ، بِمَا رَوَاهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَبِمَا رَوَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: «قَرَأَ بِالنَّجْمِ فَسَجَدَ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَرَأَ سُورَةً أُخْرَى»\n\n٣١٩٦ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ، أَتَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْتَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَأَفْعَلُهُ، يَعْنِي الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ السُّوَرِ.\n\n٣١٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِجَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٣١٩٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، فِي وُجُوبِ قِرَاءَةِ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ، بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «كُلُّ صَلَاةٍ لَا يُقْرَأُ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ» وَلَا يَعْدُو قَوْلُهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ اسْمُ صَلَاةٍ، أَوْ يَكُونَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الصَّلَاةِ فَمَنْ ⦗٣٩٨⦘ قَالَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الصَّلَاةِ، قَالَ: إِذَا قَرَأَ أُمَّ الْقُرْآنِ فِي أَيِّ رَكْعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ أَجْزَأَهُ، وَمَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا قَالَ هَذَا، دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كُلُّ رَكْعَةٍ","vol":"2","page":396},{"text":"٣١٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ: «كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n٣٢٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَلَا يُجْزِئُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَقْرَأَ، وَهُمْ يَعْنِي الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ يَقُولُونَ: إِنْ شَاءَ قَرَأَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ سَبَّحَ.\n\n٣٢٠١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا: «كَانَتْ تَأْمُرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ فِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ»\n\n٣٢٠٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":398},{"text":"٣٢٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: «مَنْ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ»\n\n٣٢٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٩٩⦘،\n\n٣٢٠٥ - وَقَوْلُهُ: إِلَّا وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ، يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ إِذَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِمَامَ فِي الرُّكُوعِ، تَسْقُطُ عَنْهُ الْقِرَاءَةُ، كَمَا يَسْقُطُ عَنْهُ الْقِيَامُ","vol":"2","page":398},{"text":"٣٢٠٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ قِرَاءَةٌ، فَمَا أَسْمَعَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسْمَعْنَاكُمْ، وَمَا أَخْفَاهُ مِنَّا أَخْفَيْنَاهُ مِنْكُمْ، مَنْ قَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْكِتَابِ فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ، وَمَنْ زَادَ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ»\n\n٣٢٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى.\n\n٣٢٠٨ - وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁ أَنَّهُ: \" كَانَ لَا يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ، وَيَقُولُ: هُمَا التَّسْبِيحَتَانِ \" فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْحَارِثُ، غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ ⦗٤٠٠⦘\n\n٣٢٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ أَحَدُ الْكَذَّابَيْنَ","vol":"2","page":399},{"text":"٣٢١٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ خِلَافَ ذَلِكَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْأَسَدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ يَأْمُرُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ مِنَ الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n٣٢١١ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي أَسَاءَ الصَّلَاةَ ⦗٤٠١⦘: «إِذَا قُمْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَكَبِّرْ، ثُمَّ اقْرَأْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ» فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَفِي آخِرِهِ: «ثُمَّ افْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ كُلِّهَا»","vol":"2","page":400},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-157>التَّكْبِيرُ لِلرُّكُوعِ وَغَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"2","page":402},{"text":"٣٢١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ: \" كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ فَيُكَبِّرُ كُلَّمَا خَفَضَ وَرَفَعَ، فَإِذَا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَشْبَهُكُمْ صَلَاةً بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":402},{"text":"٣٢١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ ⦗٤٠٣⦘: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّمَا خَفَضَ وَرَفَعَ، فَمَا زَالَتْ تِلْكَ صَلَاتُهُ حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللَّهَ ﷿»\n\n٣٢١٤ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ.\n\n٣٢١٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَتْ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ الْأَخِيرَةُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمَوْصُولِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"2","page":402},{"text":"٣٢١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى ح،\n\n٣٢١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ الْهَرَوِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، \" كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ فِي كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مِنَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ، وَغَيْرِهَا فِي رَمَضَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ، فَيُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَقُومُ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَرْكَعُ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ حِينَ يَهْوِي سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السُّجُودِ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَسْجُدُ، وَيُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السُّجُودِ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَقُومُ مِنَ الْجُلُوسِ فِي الِاثْنَتَيْنِ، فَيَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ حَتَّى يَفْرَغَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ حِينَ يَنْصَرِفُ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنِّي لَأَقْرَبُكُمْ شَبَهًا بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. إِنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ لَصَلَاتُهُ حَتَّى فَارَقَ الدُّنْيَا \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ","vol":"2","page":403},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-158>رَفْعُ الْيَدَيْنِ عِنْدَ الِافْتِتَاحِ وَالرُّكُوعِ وَرَفْعِ الرَّأْسِ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ</span>","vol":"2","page":404},{"text":"٣٢١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ وَبَعْدَمَا يَرْفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَلَا يَرْفَعُ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"2","page":404},{"text":"٣٢١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَانَ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، فَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ رَفَعَهُمَا كَذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ لَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي السُّجُودِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، هَكَذَا دُونَ ذِكْرِ الرَّفْعِ إِذَا رَكَعَ\n\n٣٢٢٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَزَادَ بِهِ: وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ لِلرُّكُوعِ","vol":"2","page":405},{"text":"٣٢٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ التَّكْبِيرَ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ لِلرُّكُوعِ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ رَفَعَهُمَا كَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، وَقَالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، وَكَانَ لَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي السُّجُودِ \"\n\n٣٢٢٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَجُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، وَمَعْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، وَبِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗٤٠٦⦘،\n\n٣٢٢٣ - ذَكَرُوا فِيهِ رَفْعَ الْيَدَيْنِ عِنْدَ الِافْتِتَاحِ، وَعِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَعِنْدَ رَفْعِ الرَّأْسِ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ،\n\n٣٢٢٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ: يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَشُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، وَعُقَيْلُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ،\n\n٣٢٢٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، وَالْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n٣٢٢٦ - وَوَصَفَ أَكْثَرُ هَؤُلَاءِ الرُّوَاةِ رَفْعَهُ عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ وَرَفْعِ الرَّأْسِ مِنْهُ، بِمَا وَصَفَهُ عِنْدَ الِافْتِتَاحِ","vol":"2","page":405},{"text":"٣٢٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ إِذَا ابْتَدَأَ الصَّلَاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ رَفَعَهُمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ»\n\n٣٢٢٨ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ","vol":"2","page":406},{"text":"٣٢٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ، رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ رَفَعَهُمَا كَذَلِكَ. وَيُحَدِّثُ بِذَلِكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n٣٢٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، إِمْلَاءً، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرِ سَهْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ ⦗٤٠٧⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣٢٣١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ مَرْفُوعًا وَالْحَدِيثُ مَرْفُوعٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَةِ مَالِكٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ وَقَعَ فِي الْأَصْلِ هَكَذَا يَرْوِيهِ نَافِعٌ، مِنْ فِعْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ يُسْنِدُهُ فِي آخِرِهِ، فَبَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ غَفَلَ عَنِ الْإِسْنَادِ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ أَثْبَتَهُ","vol":"2","page":406},{"text":"٣٢٣٢ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحِيرِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ بِشْرِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: \" كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كَبَّرَ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، وَإِذَا قَالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، وَإِذَا قَامَ مِنَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، وَرَفَعَ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى\n\n٣٢٣٣ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":407},{"text":"٣٢٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٤٠٨⦘: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٣٢٣٥ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَرَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ","vol":"2","page":407},{"text":"٣٢٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: \" كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حِينَ يَفْتَتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ، وَإِذَا اسْتَوَى قَائِمًا مِنْ رُكُوعِهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَيَقُولُ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ \"\n\n٣٢٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: ثَبَتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ جِهَةِ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَنَافِعٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٣٢٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا سِوَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ: اثْنَا عَشْرَ رَجُلًا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ","vol":"2","page":408},{"text":"٣٢٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي، يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي وَائِلُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ قَالَ ⦗٤٠٩⦘: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ، وَبَعْدَمَا يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ» قَالَ وَائِلٌ: «ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُمْ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، فَرَأَيْتُهُمْ يَرْفَعُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي الْبَرَانِسِ»","vol":"2","page":408},{"text":"٣٢٤٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ وَائِلٍ، وَمَوْلًى لَهُمْ، عَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، أَنَّهُ: رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" حِينَ دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كَبَّرَ، وَصَفَ هَمَّامٌ حِيَالَ أُذُنَيْهِ يَعْنِي رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ الْتَحَفَ بِثَوْبِهِ، ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى الْيُسْرَى، فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ أَخْرَجَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الثَّوْبِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَهُمَا ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَرَكَعَ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا سَجَدَ سَجَدَ بَيْنَ كَفَّيْهِ \"\n\n٣٢٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جُحَادَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَمَوْلًى لَهُمْ، أَنَّهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ: وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَفَّانَ","vol":"2","page":409},{"text":"٣٢٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، أَنَّهُ: «رَأَى مَالِكَ بْنَ الْحُوَيْرِثِ إِذَا صَلَّى كَبَّرَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، وَحَدَّثَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ شَاهِينَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"2","page":410},{"text":"٣٢٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ نَصْرُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" كَانَ إِذَا كَبَّرَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ بِهِمَا أُذُنَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ بِهِمَا أُذُنَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ وَقَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ»\n\n٣٢٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ مُجَاشِعٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَامِلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي كَامِلٍ","vol":"2","page":410},{"text":"٣٢٤٥ - وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَقَالَ: «حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ بِهِمَا فُرُوعَ أُذُنَيْهِ» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، وَأَبُو أُسَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، وَأَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، فَقَالَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ: «أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ كَبَّرَ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَخِرٌّ سَاجِدًا»\n\n٣٢٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي فُلَيْحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبَّاسُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ، وَأَبُو أُسَيْدٍ، وَسَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرُوا صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ ⦗٤١٢⦘: أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى هَذَا فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي الرَّفْعِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ","vol":"2","page":411},{"text":"٣٢٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فِيهِمْ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالُوا: فَلِمَ؟ وَاللَّهِ مَا كُنْتَ بِأَكْثَرِنَا لَهُ تَبَعًا، وَلَا أَقْدَمَنَا لَهُ صُحْبَةً، قَالَ: بَلَى، قَالُوا: فَاعْرِضْ. قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِذَا قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ بِهِمَا مَنْكِبَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حَتَّى يَقَرَّ كُلُّ عَظْمٍ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ مُعْتَدِلًا، ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ وَيَرْفَعُ حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ بِهِمَا مَنْكِبَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَرْكَعُ وَيَضَعُ رَاحَتَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَعْتَدِلُ فَلَا يَنْصِبُ رَأْسَهُ وَلَا يُقْنِعْ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ فَيَقُولُ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ»، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ مُعْتَدِلًا، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ»، ثُمَّ يَهْوِي إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَيُجَافِي يَدَيْهِ عَنْ جَنْبِهِ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ، وَيَثْنِي رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى فَيَقْعُدُ عَلَيْهَا، وَيَفْتَحُ أَصَابِعَ رِجْلَيْهِ إِذَا سَجَدَ، وَيَسْجُدُ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ» وَيَرْفَعُ وَيَثْنِي رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى فَيَقْعُدُ عَلَيْهَا، حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ كُلُّ عَظْمٍ إِلَى مَوْضِعِهِ، ثُمَّ يَصْنَعُ فِي الْأُخْرَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ إِذَا قَامَ مِنَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ كَبَّرَ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ بِهِمَا مَنْكِبَيْهِ كَمَا كَبَّرَ عِنْدَ افْتِتَاحِ الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ يَصْنَعُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فِي بَقِيَّةِ صَلَاتِهِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتِ السَّجْدَةُ الَّتِي فِيهَا التَّسْلِيمُ أَخَّرَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى وَقَعَدَ مُتَوَرِّكًا عَلَى شِقِّهِ الْأَيْسَرِ \" قَالُوا: صَدَقْتَ، هَكَذَا كَانَ يُصَلِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٤١٣⦘\n\n٣٢٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ لِأَبِي دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ مَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، وَهَذَا حَدِيثُ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ. فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣٢٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَالِيًا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهِمْ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ. فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٣٢٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَصَدَّقُوهُ مَعًا، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ.\n\n٣٢٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: رَفْعَ الْيَدِ عِنْدَ الْقِيَامِ مِنَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ مُتَابَعَةُ السُّنَّةِ ⦗٤١٤⦘ إِذَا ثَبَتَتْ، وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَهُوَ فِيهِ. وَمَعْنَاهُ أَيْضًا فِي رِوَايَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁","vol":"2","page":412},{"text":"٣٢٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ الْحَسَنِ النَّسَوِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ إِذَا قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ، كَبَّرَ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَيَصْنَعُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا قَضَى قِرَاءَتَهُ وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ، وَيَصْنَعُهُ إِذَا رَفَعَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَلَا يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ، وَإِذَا قَامَ مِنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ كَذَلِكَ وَكَبَّرَ»\n\n٣٢٥٣ - تَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ،\n\n٣٢٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا رَفْعَ الْيَدَيْنِ، عِنْدَ الِافْتِتَاحِ، وَعِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَعِنْدَ رَفْعِ الرَّأْسِ ⦗٤١٥⦘ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗٤١٦⦘، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"2","page":414},{"text":"٣٢٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مِنْ، أَثِقُ بِهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ثَلَاثًا، حِينَ يُكَبِّرُ لِلِافْتِتَاحِ، وَحِينَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ، وَحِينَ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ»","vol":"2","page":416},{"text":"٣٢٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ فِي صَلَاتِهِ إِذَا كَبَّرَ وَإِذَا رَكَعَ وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٣٢٥٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا رَفَعَ الْيَدَيْنِ، عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ وَرَفْعَ الرَّأْسِ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَكْثَرَ ⦗٤١٧⦘ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ نَفْسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْهُمْ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَأَبُو أُسَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ الْبَدْرِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْبَدْرِيُّ، وَأَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، وَأَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَوَائِلُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَجَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ،\n\n٣٢٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ مِنْهُمْ: عَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُسٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَالْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَسَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَمَكْحُولٌ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَعِدَّةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ","vol":"2","page":416},{"text":"٣٢٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ:  «كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَأَنَّمَا أَيْدِيهِمْ مَرَاوِحُ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ إِذَا رَكَعُوا وَإِذَا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ»","vol":"2","page":417},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-159>مَنْ قَالَ: لَا يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا عِنْدَ الِافْتِتَاحِ</span>\n٣٢٦٠ - احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، وَبِمَا رُوِيَ فِي، ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَإِنْكَارِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ حَدِيثَ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ،\n\n٣٢٦١ - وَقَدْ أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ عَنْ جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ","vol":"2","page":418},{"text":"٣٢٦٢ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ»\n\n٣٢٦٣ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: ثُمَّ قَدِمْتُ الْكُوفَةَ، فَلَقِيتُ يَزِيدَ بِهَا، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يُحَدِّثُ بِهَذَا، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُ، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُمْ لَقَّنُوهُ\n\n٣٢٦٤ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: هَكَذَا سَمِعْتُ يَزِيدَ، يُحَدِّثُهُ، ثُمَّ سَمِعْتُهُ بَعْدُ يُحَدِّثُهُ هَكَذَا أَوْ يَزِيدُ فِيهِ: ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُ ⦗٤١٩⦘.\n\n٣٢٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَهَبَ سُفْيَانُ إِلَى تَغْلِيطِ يَزِيدَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَيَقُولُ: كَأَنَّهُ لُقِّنَ هَذَا الْحَرْفَ فَتَلَقَّنَهُ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ سُفْيَانُ يَرَى يَزِيدَ بِالْحِفْظِ كَذَلِكَ.\n\n٣٢٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، يَقُولُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ وَاهٍ، قَدْ كَانَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ بُرْهَةً مِنْ دَهْرِهِ لَا يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ: ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُ، فَلَمَّا لُقِّنَ أَخَذَهُ، وَكَانَ يَذْكُرُهُ\n\n٣٢٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لُقِّنَ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ فَتَلَقَّنَهَا، أَنَّ أَصْحَابَهُ الْقُدَمَاءَ لَمْ يَأْثُرُوهَا عَنْهُ مِثْلَ: سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَشُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَهُشَيْمِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، وَزُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَخَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، إِنَّمَا أَتَى بِهَا عَنْهُ مَنْ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ بِأَخَرَةٍ، وَكَانَ قَدْ تَغَيَّرَ وَسَاءَ حِفْظُهُ،\n\n٣٢٦٨ - وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يُضَعِّفُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي زِيَادٍ.\n\n٣٢٦٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ أَخِيهِ عِيسَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ،\n\n٣٢٧٠ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَضْعَفُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ ⦗٤٢٠⦘.\n\n٣٢٧١ - وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ: فَقِيلَ هَكَذَا، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ: عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، فَعَادَ الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى يَزِيدَ\n\n٣٢٧٢ - وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ: كَانَ أَبِي يُنْكِرِ حَدِيثَ الْحَكَمِ، وَعِيسَى، وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ حَدِيثُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ\n\n٣٢٧٣ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ: نَظَرْتُ فِي كِتَابِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ\n\n٣٢٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: وَابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، سَيِّئُ الْحِفْظِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنِ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ بِالْحَافِظِ.\n\n٣٢٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ: أَحَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَثْبَتُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ أُمْ حَدِيثُ يَزِيدَ؟ ⦗٤٢١⦘ قَالَ: بَلْ حَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَحْدَهُ. فَقُلْتُ: فَمَعَ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَحَدَ عَشْرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهُمْ: أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، وَحَدِيثُ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ كُلُّهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَا وَصَفْتُ. وَثَلَاثَةُ عَشْرَ حَدِيثًا أَوْلَى أَنْ تَثْبُتَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَاحِدٍ، وَمِنْ أَصْلِ قَوْلِنَا وَقَوْلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَنَا إِلَّا حَدِيثٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَمَعَكَ حَدِيثٌ يُكَافِئُهُ فِي الصِّحَّةِ، وَكَانَ فِي حَدِيثِكَ: أَنْ لَا يَعُودَ لِرَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ، وَفِي حَدِيثَنَا: يَعُودُ لِرَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ. كَانَ حَدِيثُنَا أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ، لِأَنَّ فِيهِ زِيَادَةً حَفِظَهَا بِمَا لَمْ يَحْفَظْ صَاحِبُ حَدِيثِكَ. فَكَيْفَ صِرْتَ إِلَى حَدِيثِكَ وَتَرَكَتْ حَدِيثَنَا؟ وَالْحُجَّةُ لَنَا فِيهِ عَلَيْكَ بِهَذَا، وَبِأَنَّ إِسْنَادَ حَدِيثِكَ لَيْسَ كَإِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِنَا، وَبِأَنَّ أَهْلَ الْحِفْظِ يَرْوُونَ أَنَّ يَزِيدَ لُقِّنَ: ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُ","vol":"2","page":418},{"text":"٣٢٧٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّهْشَلِيُّ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ فِي التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا» ⦗٤٢٢⦘\n\n٣٢٧٧ - قَالَ الدَّارِمِيُّ: فَهَذَا قَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ هَذَا الطَّرِيقِ الْوَاهِي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n٣٢٧٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ هُرْمُزٍ الْأَعْرَجُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ: «رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَرْفَعُهُمَا عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَبَعْدَمَا يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٣٢٧٩ - فَلَيْسَ الظَّنُّ بِعَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ يَخْتَارُ فِعْلَهُ عَلَى فِعْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّهْشَلِيُّ مِمَّنْ يُحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ أَوْ تَثْبُتُ بِهِ سُنَّةٌ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهَا غَيْرُهُ","vol":"2","page":421},{"text":"٣٢٨٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: أَلَا أُصَلِّي لَكُمْ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ:  «فَصَلَّى وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ يَدَيْهِ إِلَّا مَرَّةً» ⦗٤٢٣⦘\n\n٣٢٨١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُشْكَانَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ زَمْعَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: لَمْ يَثْبُتْ عِنْدِي حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَرْفَعْ»، وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عِنْدِي حَدِيثُ مَنْ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ عَنْهُ، إِذَا رَكَعَ وَإِذَا رَفَعَ.\n\n٣٢٨٢ - ذَكَرَهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، وَمَالِكٌ، وَمَعْمَرٌ، وَسُفْيَانُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٤٢٤⦘.\n\n٣٢٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: زَادَ فِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْجَرَّاحِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَاسَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ، قَالَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَأَرَاهُ وَاسِعًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ لِكَثْرَةِ الْأَحَادِيثِ وَجَوْدَةِ الْأَسَانِيدِ»\n\n٣٢٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، فَذَكَرَ فِيهِ رَفْعَ يَدَيْهِ حِينَ كَبَّرَ فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ، وَلَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لِلرَّفْعِ وَلَا لِتَرْكِهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَذَكَرَ تَطْبِيقَ يَدَيْهِ بَيْنَ فَخِذَيْهِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ رَفَعَهُمَا فَلَمْ يَنْقُلْهُ كَمَا لَمْ يَنْقُلْ سَائِرَ سُنَنِ الصَّلَاةِ،\n\n٣٢٨٥ - وَقَدْ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُشْرَعَ رَفْعُ الْيَدَيْنِ فِي الرُّكُوعِ، ثُمَّ صَارَ التَّطْبِيقُ مَنْسُوخًا، وَصَارَ الْأَمْرُ فِي السُّنَّةِ إِلَى رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَرَفْعِ الرَّأْسِ مِنْهُ، وَخَفِيَا جَمِيعًا عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"2","page":422},{"text":"٣٢٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، فَلَمْ يَرْفَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ إِلَّا عِنْدَ افْتِتَاحِ الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٣٢٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمُزَكِّي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٤٢٥⦘.\n\n٣٢٨٨ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ، وَضَعَّفَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ جَابِرٍ، وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنَ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ\n\n٣٢٨٩ - وَإِنَّمَا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مِنْ فِعْلِهِ مُرْسَلًا، هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ.\n\n٣٢٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ وَبِمَعْنَاهُ ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ.\n\n٣٢٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، قَالَ قَائِلٌ: رَوَيْتُمْ قَوْلَكُمْ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَالثَّابِتُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُمَا: كَانَا لَا يَرْفَعَانِ أَيْدِيَهُمَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا فِي تَكْبِيرَةِ الِافْتِتَاحِ، وَهُمَا أَعْلَمُ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لِيَلِنِي مِنْكُمْ أُولُو الْأَحْلَامِ، وَالنُّهَى»، فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ خَلْفَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٣٢٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ صَاحِبُ هَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِقَوْلِهِ: رَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، لِيُوهِمَ الْعَامَّةَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، لَمْ يَرْوِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: عَلِيٌّ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَعْلَمُ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٤٢٦⦘.\n\n٣٢٩٣ - وَقَوْلُهُ: لَا يَثْبُتُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فَأَخَذُوا بِرِوَايَةِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، فِيمَا رَوَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَتَرَكَ مَا رَوَى عَاصِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، كَمَا رَوَى ابْنُ عُمَرَ،\n\n٣٢٩٤ - وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا عَنْهُمَا، كَانَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَآهُمَا مَرَّةً أَغْفَلَا فِيهِ رَفْعَ الْيَدَيْنِ، وَلَوْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: ذَهَبَ عَنْهُمَا حِفْظُ ذَلِكَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَحَفِظَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، لَكَانَتْ لَهُ حُجَّةٌ، لِأَنَّ الضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ قَدْ حَفِظَ عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَغَيْرُهُ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنْهُ، فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ الَّذِي قَالَ: رَأَيْتُهُ فَعَلَ، لِأَنَّهُ شَاهَدَ، وَلَا حُجَّةَ فِي قَوْلِ الَّذِي قَالَ: لَمْ يَرَهُ\n\n٣٢٩٥ - قَالَ: وَالَّذِي يَحْتَجُّ عَلَيْنَا بِهَذَا يَقُولُ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ وَالشَّهَادَاتِ، مَنْ قَالَ: لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فُلَانُ فَلَيْسَ بِحُجَّةٍ، وَمَنْ قَالَ: فَعَلَ فَهُوَ حُجَّةٌ لِأَنَّهُ شَاهَدَ، وَالْآخَرُ قَدْ يَغِيبُ عَنْهُ ذَلِكَ، أَوْ يَحْضُرُهُ فَيَنْسَاهُ،\n\n٣٢٩٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا عَدَدٌ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سِوَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَقَوْلُهُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لِيَلِنِي مِنْكُمْ أُولُوا الْأَحْلَامِ وَالنُّهَى». فَيَرَى أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ خَلْفَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٣٢٩٧ - لَقَدْ كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ عِنْدَنَا مِنْ ذَوِي الْأَحْلَامِ، وَالنُّهَى، وَلَوْ كَانَ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ مَنْزِلَةٌ كَانَ أَهْلَهَا،\n\n٣٢٩٨ - وَإِنْ تَقَدَّمَ أَحَدٌ ابْنَ عُمَرَ بِسَابِقَةٍ، مَا قَصُرَ ذَلِكَ بِابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ بُلُوغِ مَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ فِي صُحْبَتِهِ وَسَابِقَتِهِ وَصِهْرِهِ وَرِضَا الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً عَنْهُ،\n\n٣٢٩٩ - وَقَدْ وَقَفَ الصُّنَابِحِيُّ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَثَمَّ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ، وَلَا شَكَّ أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ يَقِفُ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَعَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ غَيْرُهُمْ ⦗٤٢٧⦘، وَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ فِيهِ، وَلَيْسَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ مِمَّنْ يَقْصُرُ بِهِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْقِفِ، وَلَا مِمَّنْ تُغْمَزُ رِوَايَتُهُ، وَلَا مِمَّنْ يُخَافُ غَلَطُهُ، وَلَا رِوَايَتُهُ إِلَّا مَا أَحَاطَ بِهِ\n\n٣٣٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِيمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ جَوَابٌ عَنْ كُلِّ خَبَرٍ يُورِدُونَهُ فِي تَرْكِ الرَّفْعِ،\n\n٣٣٠١ - وَأَمَّا إِنْكَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ حَدِيثَ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، وَقَوْلُهُ: أَتَرَى وَائِلَ بْنَ حُجْرٍ أَعْلَمَ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ؟ وَقَوْلُهُ: لَعَلَّهُ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ،\n\n٣٣٠٢ - فَقَدْ أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْهُ بِجَوَابٍ مَبْسُوطٍ، وَمِمَّا جَرَى فِي خِلَالِ كَلَامِهِ، أَنْ قَالَ: وَمِنْ قَوْلِنَا وَقَوْلِكَ أَنَّ وَائِلَ بْنَ حُجْرٍ إِذَا كَانَ ثِقَةً لَوْ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْئًا، وَقَالَ عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَا رَوَى كَانَ الَّذِي قَالَ: كَانَ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ\n\n٣٣٠٣ - قَالَ: وَأَصْلُ قَوْلِنَا أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَوْ رَوَى عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَلْقَ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا، فَقَالَ: وَائِلٌ أَعْرَابِيٌّ.\n\n٣٣٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَفَرَأَيْتَ مِرْبَعًا الضَّبِّيَّ، وَقَزَعَةَ، وَسَهْمَ بْنَ مِنْجَابٍ، حِينَ رَوَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنْهُمْ، أَهُمْ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُرْوَى عَنْهُمْ أَمْ وَائِلُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، وَهُوَ مَعْرُوفٌ عِنْدَكُمْ بِالصَّحَابَةِ، وَلَيْسَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ فِيمَا زَعَمْتُ مَعْرُوفًا عِنْدَكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ. قَالَ: لَا، بَلْ وَائِلُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ.\n\n٣٣٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَيْفَ يُرَدُّ حَدِيثُ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَيُرْوَى عَمَّنْ دُونَهُ  وَنَحْنُ إِنَّمَا قُلْنَا بِرَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ عَنْ عَدَدٍ لَعَلَّهُ لَمْ يَرْوِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْئًا قَطُّ عَدَدٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهُمْ غَيْرُ وَائِلٍ، وَوَائِلٌ أَهْلٌ أَنْ يُقْبَلَ عَنْهُ ⦗٤٢٨⦘\n\n٣٣٠٦ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٣٣٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِيمَا رُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ. ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُمُ الشِّتَاءَ فَرَأَيْتُهُمْ يَرْفَعُونَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فِي الْبَرَانِسِ، جَوَابٌ عَنْ قَوْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَعَلَّهُ فَعَلَهُ مَرَّةً ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ،\n\n٣٣٠٨ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّحَاوِيِّ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ فَصْلًا فِي حَمْلِهِ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ صَارَ مَنْسُوخًا، وَاحْتِجَاجُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ يَدَيْهِ إِلَّا فِي التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ","vol":"2","page":424},{"text":"٣٣٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُكْرَمُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: «مَا رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ إِلَّا فِي أَوَّلِ مَا يَفْتَتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ»\n\n٣٣١٠ - وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، مِمَّا لَوْ عَلِمَهُ الْمُحْتَجُّ بِهِ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ عَلَى الثَّابِتِ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ\n\n٣٣١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُوسَى الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: وَالَّذِي قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ قَدْ خُولِفَ فِيهِ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ.\n\n٣٣١٢ - قَالَ وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ: «رَأَيْتُ مُجَاهِدًا يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ» ⦗٤٢٩⦘.\n\n٣٣١٣ - وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ: «رَأَيْتُ مُجَاهِدًا يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ إِذَا رَكَعَ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٣٣١٤ - وَقَالَ جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ» هَذَا أَحْفَظُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ.\n\n٣٣١٥ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ صَدُقَةُ: إِنَّ الَّذِي رَوَى حَدِيثَ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْفَعْ يَدَيْهِ إِلَّا فِي أَوَّلِ التَّكْبِيرَةِ، كَانَ صَاحِبُهُ قَدْ تَغَيَّرَ بِأَخَرَةٍ يُرِيدُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَيَّاشٍ\n\n٣٣١٦ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَالَّذِي رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، وَلَيْثٌ أَوْلَى مَعَ رِوَايَةِ طَاوُسٍ، وَسَالِمٍ، وَنَافِعٍ، وَأَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، وَمُحَارِبِ بْنِ دِثَارٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، قَالُوا: «رَأَيْنَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ إِذَا كَبَّرَ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ»\n\n٣٣١٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ كَانَ يَرْوِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مُرْسَلًا. مَوْقُوفًا، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَطَ عَلَيْهِ حِينَ سَاءَ حِفْظُهُ، فَرَوَى مَا قَدْ خُولِفَ فِيهِ،\n\n٣٣١٨ - فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ دَعْوَى النَّسْخِ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الضَّعِيفِ؟\n\n٣٣١٩ - وَقَدْ كَانَ يُمَكِنُ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُمَا، أَنْ لَوَ كَانَ مَا رَوَاهُ ثَابِتًا بِأَنَّهُ غَفَلَ فَلَمْ يَرَهُ وَغَيْرُهُ رَآهُ، أَوْ غَفَلَ عَنْهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْهُ مَرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّاتٍ، إِذْ كَانَ يَجُوزُ تَرْكُهُ، وَأَصْحَابُهُ الْمُلَازِمُونَ لَهُ رَأَوْهُ فَعَلَهُ مَرَّاتٍ، فَفِعْلُهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ سُنَّةٌ، وَتَرْكُهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِوَاجِبٍ،\n\n٣٣٢٠ - وَصَاحِبُ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَى حَكَى عَنْ مُخَالِفِيهِ أَنَّهُمْ أَوْجَبُوا الرَّفْعَ عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَعِنْدَ الرَّفْعِ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَعِنْدَ النُّهُوَضِ إِلَى الْقِيَامِ مِنَ الْقُعُودِ. ثُمَّ رَوَى هَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ عَلِمَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ نَسْخًا حَتَّى تَرَكَهُ ⦗٤٣٠⦘،\n\n٣٣٢١ - وَهَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ضَعِيفٌ، لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا يُوجِبُ الرَّفْعَ حَتَّى يَدُلَّ تَرْكُهُ عَلَى مَا ادَّعَاهُ،\n\n٣٣٢٢ - ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ فَضَعَّفَهُ بِمَا لَا يُوجِبُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ضَعْفًا، وَحَدِيثُهُ يَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى سُنَنٍ رَوَاهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٣٣٢٣ - فَبَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ رَوَاهَا عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، بِتَمَامِهَا، وَبَعْضُهُمُ اخْتَصَرَهَا فَرَوَى بَعْضَهَا، كَمَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِسَائِرِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، عَلَى أَنَّ اعْتِمَادَنَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا لَا طَعْنَ فِيهِ لِأَحَدٍ،\n\n٣٣٢٤ - ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، فَضَعَّفَهُ بِأَنَّ عَبْدَ الْحَمِيدِ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ ضَعِيفٌ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ لَمْ يَلْقَ أَبَا حُمَيْدٍ، فَإِنَّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ أَنَّهُ حَضَرَ أَبَا حُمَيْدٍ، وَأَبَا قَتَادَةَ، وَوَفَاةُ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِدَهْرٍ طَوِيلٍ لِأَنَّهُ قُتِلَ مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ، وَأَيْنَ سِنُّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ مِنْ هَذَا؟ بَيْنَهُمَا رَجُلٌ، فَرَدَّ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةَ، وَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ مِنْ سُنَّةِ الْقُعُودِ بِهَذَا وَأَمْثَالِهِ،\n\n٣٣٢٥ - وَمَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ ضَعْفِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ فَمَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ قَدْ وَثَّقَهُ فِي جَمِيعِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n٣٣٢٦ - وَمَا ذَكَرَ مِنَ انْقِطَاعِ الْحَدِيثِ فَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ.\n\n٣٣٢٧ - قَدْ حَكَمَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ بِأَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا حُمَيْدٍ، وَأَبَا قَتَادَةَ، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَاسْتِشْهَادُهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِوَفَاةِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ قَبْلَهُ خَطَأٌ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ ⦗٤٣١⦘ مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا صَلَّى عَلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ سَبْعًا، وَكَانَ بَدْرِيًّا،\n\n٣٣٢٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الشَّعْبِيُّ مُنْقَطِعًا، وَقَالَ: فَكَبَّرَ سِتًّا،\n\n٣٣٢٩ - وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ لِإِجْمَاعِ أَهْلِ التَّوَارِيخِ عَلَى أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ الْحَارِثَ بِنَ رِبْعِيٍّ بَقِيَ إِلَى سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ وَقِيلَ بَعْدَهَا.\n\n٣٣٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، قَالَ اللَّيْثُ: «مَاتَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ»\n\n٣٣٣١ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي حَامِدٍ الْمُقْرِئِ، عَنْهُ،\n\n٣٣٣٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَنْدَةَ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ مَعْرِفَةِ الصَّحَابَةِ،\n\n٣٣٣٣ - وَذَكَرَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ، مَاتَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَخَمْسِينَ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةٍ،\n\n٣٣٣٤ - وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا أَنَّ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَعَمْرَو بْنَ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيَّ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، رَوَوْا عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا حَمَلُوا الْعِلْمَ بَعْدَ أَيَّامِ عَلِيٍّ، فَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ لَهُمْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِمَّنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي أَيَّامِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ سَمَاعٌ.\n\n٣٣٣٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ: أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ تَلَقَّتْهُ الْأَنْصَارُ، وَتَخَلَّفَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدُ، وَجَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا مَا جَرَى، وَمَشْهُورٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ التَّارِيخِ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَدِمَهَا حَاجًّا قَدْمَتُهُ الْأُولَى فِي إِمَارَتِهِ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ، وَأَرْبَعِينَ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ خِلَافَةِ عَلِيٍّ ⦗٤٣٢⦘،\n\n٣٣٣٦ - وَفِي تَارِيخِ الْبُخَارِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ، أَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ: أَنِ اغْدُ، مَعِي حَتَّى تُرِيَنِي مَوَاقِفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَانْطَلَقَ مَعَ مَرْوَانَ حَتَّى قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ،\n\n٣٣٣٧ - وَمَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ إِنَّمَا كَانَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فِي أَيَّامِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، ثُمَّ نُزِعَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ، وَاسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْهَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ، ثُمَّ نُزِعَ سَعِيدٌ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ، وَأُمِّرَ عَلَيْهَا مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ.\n\n٣٣٣٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْجَنَائِزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي اجْتِمَاعِ الْجَنَائِزِ: \" أَنَّ جَنَازَةَ، أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ عَلِيٍّ امْرَأَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَابْنِهَا زَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وُضِعَا جَمِيعًا، وَالْإِمَامُ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ، وَفِي النَّاسِ يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبُو قَتَادَةَ، فَوُضِعَ الْغُلَامُ مِمَّا يَلِي الْإِمَامَ، ثُمَّ سُئِلُوا، فَقَالُوا: هِيَ السُّنَّةُ \"\n\n٣٣٣٩ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّ إِمَارَةَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ مِنْ سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ،\n\n٣٣٤٠ - وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ شَهَادَةُ نَافِعٍ بِشُهُودِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ هَذِهِ الْجَنَازَةِ الَّتِي صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ فِي إِمَارَتِهِ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى خَطَأِ رِوَايَةِ مُوسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُ فِي مَوْتِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n٣٣٤١ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَاوِيهِ غَلَطٌ مِنْ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، مِمَّنْ تَقَدَّمَ مَوْتُهُ إِلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ،\n\n٣٣٤٢ - فَقَتَادَةُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ قَدِيمُ الْمَوْتِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنْهُمَا،\n\n٣٣٤٣ - إِلَّا أَنَّ الْوَاقِدِيَّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ،\n\n٣٣٤٤ - وَذَكَرَ هَذَا الرَّاوِي أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ، وَالْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُمَا مُتَعَذِّرٌ ⦗٤٣٣⦘،\n\n٣٣٤٥ - وَهَذَا الرَّاوِي ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ بَدْرِيًّا، وَأَبُو قَتَادَةُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيٍّ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ بَدْرًا،\n\n٣٣٤٦ - وَأَسَامِي مَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ عِنْدَنَا مُدَوَّنَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي، وَقَدْ نَظَرْتُ فِي جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ كُتُبِهِمْ أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا،\n\n٣٣٤٧ - فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مُخْطِئًا فِي قَوْلِهِ: صَلَّى عَلِيٌّ عَلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَوْ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَكَانَ بَدْرِيًّا وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ رَدُّ رِوَايَةِ أَهْلِ الثِّقَةِ بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ الشَّاذَّةِ؟.\n\n٣٣٤٨ - ثُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ ذِكْرُ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ وَقَعَ وَهْمًا فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، لِتَقَدُّمِ مَوْتِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ فِي زَعْمِ هَذَا الرَّاوِي،\n\n٣٣٤٩ - فَالْحُجَّةُ قَائِمَةٌ بِرِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، وَلَا شَكَّ فِي سَمَاعِهِ مِنْهُ،\n\n٣٣٥٠ - فَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَلْجَلَةَ وَافَقَ عَبْدَ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، وَإِثْبَاتُ سَمَاعِهِ مِنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ فِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، وَهِيَ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ كَيْفِيَّةِ الْجُلُوسِ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ مَذْكُورَةٌ،\n\n٣٣٥١ - وَأَمَّا إِدْخَالُ مَنْ أُدْخِلَ بَيْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، وَبَيْنَ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ رَجُلًا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُوهِنُهُ، لِأَنَّ الَّذِي فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا عَطَاءُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَكَانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ لَا يَحْمَدُهُ، وَالْآخَرُ عِيسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ دُونَ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ فِي الشُّهْرَةِ وَالْمَعْرِفَةِ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي اسْمِهِ، فَقِيلَ: عِيسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَقِيلَ: عِيسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَقِيلَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عِيسَى،\n\n٣٣٥٢ - ثُمَّ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُرِّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَبَّاسٍ، أَوْ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ ⦗٤٣٤⦘،\n\n٣٣٥٣ - وَرُوِي عَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ: لَيْسَ فِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، وَرُوِّينَا حَدِيثَ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ فُلَيْحِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، وَبَيِّنٌ فِيهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: عَنْ فُلَيْحٍ، سَمَاعُ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، مَعَ سَمَاعِ فُلَيْحٍ، مِنْ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذِكْرُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، بَيْنَهُمَا وَهْمٌ.\n\n٣٣٥٤ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ اسْتِدْلَالَ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ إِنَّمَا وَقَعَ بِرِوَايَةِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، وَمَنْ سَمَّاهُ مَعَهُ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ،\n\n٣٣٥٥ - وَأَكَّدْنَاهُ بِرِوَايَةِ فُلَيْحِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْهُمْ،\n\n٣٣٥٦ - فَالْإِعْرَاضُ عَنْهُ، وَتَرْكُ الْقَوْلِ بِهِ، وَالِاشْتِغَالُ بِتَضْعِيفِ رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، بِأَمْثَالِ مَا أَشَرْنَا إِلَيْهِ وَأَجَبْنَا عَنْهُ، لَيْسَ مِنْ شَأْنِ مَنْ يُرِيدُ مُتَابَعَةَ السُّنَّةِ، وَتَرْكَ مَا اسْتَحْلَاهُ مِنَ الْعَادَةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.\n\n٣٣٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، يَقُولُ: عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثِقَةٌ، قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ يَرْوِي عَنْهُ عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ.\n\n٣٣٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ الْعَامِرِيُّ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْمَدَنِيُّ، سَمِعَ أَبَا حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ، وَأَبَا قَتَادَةَ، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ\n\n٣٣٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا حَمَلَنِي عَلَى بَعْضِ الِاسْتِقْصَاءِ فِي هَذَا لِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ يَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى سُنَنٍ كَثِيرَةٍ، وَقَدْ تَرَكَ أَكْثَرَهَا هَذَا الشَّيْخُ الَّذِي يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، لِيُعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مَعْذُورٍ فِيمَا تَرَكَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السُّنَنِ الثَّابِتَةِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَّ الَّذِي اعْتَذَرَ بِهِ لَيْسَ بِعُذْرٍ، وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ","vol":"2","page":428},{"text":"٣٣٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَمَا مَعْنَى رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ؟ فَقَالَ: «مِثْلُ مَعْنَى رَفْعِهِمَا عِنْدَ الِافْتِتَاحِ تَعْظِيمًا لِلَّهِ ﷿، وَسُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ يُرْجَى فِيهَا ثَوَابُ اللَّهِ ﷿، وَمِثْلُ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ عَلَى الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا»","vol":"2","page":435},{"text":"٣٣٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ: «كَانَ إِذَا رَأَى رَجُلًا لَا يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ وَرَفْعِ رَأْسِهِ، حَصَبَهُ»\n\n٣٣٦٢ - قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: وَقَالَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيُّ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ عِنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَعِنْدَ رَفْعِ رَأْسِهِ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ إِشَارَةٍ عَشْرُ حَسَنَاتٍ»،\n\n٣٣٦٣ - وَفِي هَذَا حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى بُطْلَانِ مَا ادَّعَاهُ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ، مِنْ نَسْخِ حَدِيثِ الرَّفْعِ بِمَا رُوِيَ مِنْ تَرْكِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ الرَّفْعَ فِي بَعْضِ أَيَّامِهِ، مَعَ مَا مَضَى مِنْ طَعْنِ الْحُفَّاظِ فِي تِلْكِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَمَذْهَبُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الرَّفْعِ أَشْهُرُ مِنْ أَنْ يُمْكِنَ التَّلْبِيسُ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n٣٣٦٤ - وَالَّذِي حَكَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، يُؤَكِّدُ مَا حَكَيْنَا عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي مَعْنَى الرَّفْعِ، وَمَا يُرْجَى فِيهِ مِنْ ثَوَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":435},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-160>وَضَعُ الْيَدَيْنِ عَلَى الرُّكْبَتَيْنِ فِي الرُّكُوعِ، وَنَسْخُ التَّطْبِيقِ</span>","vol":"2","page":436},{"text":"٣٣٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، وَالْأَسْوَدِ، قَالَا: \" دَخَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي دَارِهِ فَصَلَّى بِنَا، فَلَمَّا رَكَعَ طَبَّقَ بَيْنَ كَفَّيْهِ، فَجَعَلَهُمَا بَيْنَ فَخِذَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ، قَالَ: كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى اخْتِلَافِ أَصَابِعِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ فَخِذَيْهِ، وَأَقَامَ أَحَدَنَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَالْآخَرَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ \"\n\n٣٣٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٣٣٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَعْنِي الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا، وَلَا نَحْنُ","vol":"2","page":436},{"text":"٣٣٦٨ - وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَأْخُذُ بِحَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَهُ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَدُهُمْ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَقُولُ ⦗٤٣٧⦘:  «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا رَكَعَ وَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ»\n\n٣٣٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ،\n\n٣٣٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"2","page":436},{"text":"٣٣٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادٍ الزُّرَقِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ:  «إِذَا رَكَعْتَ فَضَعْ يَدَيْكَ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْكَ»\n\n٣٣٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْقُطْبِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ هُوَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ.\n\n٣٣٧٣ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، كَانَ مُحْكَمًا فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ صَارَ مَنْسُوخًا، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ نَسْخُهُ، حَتَّى أُخْبِرَ بِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ⦗٤٣٨⦘،\n\n٣٣٧٤ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَعْلَمُ بِالنَّاسِخِ وَالْمَنْسُوخِ مِمَّنْ فَارَقَهَا، وَسَكَنَ الْعِرَاقَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":437},{"text":"٣٣٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي يَعْفُورَ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّيْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي، فَلَمَّا رَكَعْتُ جَعَلْتُ يَدِي بَيْنَ رُكْبَتَيَّ فَنَحَّاهُمَا فَعُدْتُ، فَنَحَّاهُمَا، وَقَالَ: إِنَّا كُنَّا نَفْعَلُ هَذَا فَنُهِينَا عَنْهُ، وَأُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَضَعَ الْأَيْدِيَ عَلَى الرُّكَبِ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي يَعْفُورَ","vol":"2","page":438},{"text":"٣٣٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «عَلَّمَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصَّلَاةَ فَكَبَّرَ، وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَلَمَّا رَكَعَ طَبَّقَ يَدَيْهِ بَيْنَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ» فَبَلَغَ سَعْدًا، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ أَخِي، وَقَدْ كُنَّا نَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أُمِرْنَا بِهَذَا يَعْنِي بِالْإِمْسَاكِ عَلَى الرُّكْبَتَيْنِ \"","vol":"2","page":438},{"text":"٣٣٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «قَدْ سُنَّتْ لَكُمُ الرُّكَبُ، فَخُذُوا بِالرُّكَبِ».\n\n٣٣٧٨ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى الْحِيرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ شَيْخًا عَلَيْهِ بُرْنُسٌ إِذَا رَكَعَ قَالَ هَكَذَا، وَطَبَّقَ يَدَيْهِ فَجَعَلَهُمَا بَيْنَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ، فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ فَقَالُوا: هَذَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيَّ، فَقَالَ: أَوَيَشُكُّ أَصْحَابُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ:  «قَدْ سُنَّتْ لَكُمُ الرُّكَبُ فَخُذُوا بِالرُّكَبِ»","vol":"2","page":439},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-161>الذِّكْرُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ</span>","vol":"2","page":440},{"text":"٣٣٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْبُوَيْطِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا رَكَعَ، قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ رَكَعْتُ، وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَأَنْتَ رَبِّي، لَكَ خَشَعَ سَمْعِي، وَبَصَرِي، وَعِظَامِي، وَشَعْرِي، وَبَشَرِي، وَمَا اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ قَدَمِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ»","vol":"2","page":440},{"text":"٣٣٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْبُوَيْطِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا رَكَعَ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ رَكَعْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَأَنْتَ رَبِّي، خَشَعَ لَكَ سَمْعِي، وَبَصَرِي، وَمُخِّي، وَعَظْمِي، وَمَا اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ قَدَمِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ»\n\n٣٣٨١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ وَرَوَاهُ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ الْمَاجِشُونُ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ زَادَ: «وَعَصَبِي». وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: «وَمَا اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ قَدَمِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» ⦗٤٤١⦘ وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"2","page":440},{"text":"٣٣٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْبُوَيْطِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سُحَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَلَا وَإِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ، رَاكِعًا وَسَاجِدًا، فَأَمَّا الرُّكُوعُ فَعَظِّمُوا فِيهِ الرَّبَّ، وَأَمَّا السُّجُودُ فَاجْتَهِدُوا فِيهِ» قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: «فِيهِ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ». وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: «فَاجْتَهِدُوا الدُّعَاءَ فِيهِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَمِنٌ أَنْ يُسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ.\n\n٣٣٨٣ - وَقَدْ سَمِعَهُ الرَّبِيعُ، مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ","vol":"2","page":441},{"text":"٣٣٨٤ - وَأَشَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلَى حَدِيثِ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ.\n\n٣٣٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو عُمَرَ الْحَوْضِيُّ، قَالَا ⦗٤٤٢⦘: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ: أَدْعُو فِي الصَّلَاةِ إِذَا مَرَرْتُ بِآيَةِ تَخْوِيفٍ؟ فَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ، عَنْ صِلَةَ بْنِ زُفَرَ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، أَنَّهُ: صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فَكَانَ يَقُولُ فِي رُكُوعِهِ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ»، وَفِي سُجُودِهِ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى»، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَمَا مَرَّ بِآيَةِ رَحْمَةٍ إِلَّا وَقَفَ عِنْدَهَا فَسَأَلَ، وَلَا بِآيَةِ عَذَابٍ إِلَّا وَقَفَ عِنْدَهَا فَتَعَوَّذَ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَعْمَشِ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْعَدَدِ.\n\n٣٣٨٦ - وَرِوَايَةُ الْعَدَدِ فِيهِ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظَةٍ","vol":"2","page":441},{"text":"٣٣٨٧ - وَأَشَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلَى مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٤] قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اجْعَلُوهَا فِي رُكُوعِكُمْ» ⦗٤٤٣⦘. فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: اجْعَلُوهَا فِي سُجُودِكُمْ \"\n\n٣٣٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ عَمِّهِ إِيَاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْغَافِقِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿فَسَبِّحِ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٤] قَالَ لَنَا. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ.\n\n٣٣٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدِيثُ حُذَيْفَةَ غَيْرُ مُخَالِفٍ حَدِيثَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثُمَّ أَشَارَ إِلَى أَنَّ حَدِيثَ حُذَيْفَةَ فِي أَدْنَى الْكَمَالِ. .\n\n٣٣٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَيُسَبِّحُ، كَمَا أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، يَعْنِي فِي حَدِيثِ عُقْبَةَ، وَيُقَالُ كَمَا قَالَ: يَعْنِي فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n٣٣٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سُحَيْمٍ جَامِعٌ لَهَا مَعًا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِتَعْظِيمِ الرَّبِّ فِيهِ، وَالتَّسْبِيحِ الَّذِي رَوَى حُذَيْفَةُ، وَالْقَوْلِ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ تَعْظِيمِ الرَّبِّ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ\n\n٣٣٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى الطَّحَاوِيُّ، رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ، مَا ⦗٤٤٤⦘ رَوَيْنَا هَاهُنَا، وَفِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ، فِيمَا يُقَالُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ، ثُمَّ ادَّعَى نَسْخَهَا بِحَدِيثِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، فَكَأَنَّهُ عَرَضَ بِقَلْبِهِ حَدِيثَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سُحَيْمٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْأَمْرِ بِالدُّعَاءِ فِي السُّجُودِ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي مَرَضِ مَوْتِهِ حِينَ كَشَفَ السِّتَارَةَ، وَالنَّاسُ صُفُوفٌ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْ مُبَشِّرَاتِ النُّبُوَّةِ إِلَّا الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ يَرَاهَا الْمُسْلِمُ، أَوْ تُرَى لَهُ،\n\n٣٣٩٣ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي إِسْنَادِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فَيَتَحَيَّرُ فِي الْجَوَّابِ عَنْهُ، فَأَتَى بِكَلَامٍ بَارِدٍ، فَقَالَ: يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، قَبْلَ وَفَاتِهِ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ صَدْرَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ غَدَاةَ يَوْمِ الإِثْنَيْنِ، وَالنَّاسُ صُفُوفٌ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، كَمَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ حَدِيثُ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ.\n\n٣٣٩٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ، وَيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ بِـ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَهَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ وَرُبَّمَا اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فَقَرَأَ بِهِمَا \"\n\n٣٣٩٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" يَقْرَأُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ بِـ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَهَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ \" ⦗٤٤٥⦘\n\n٣٣٩٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى فِي صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ،\n\n٣٣٩٧ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، كَانَ قَدْ نَزَلَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِزَمَانٍ كَثِيرٍ،\n\n٣٣٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الطَّوِيلِ، فِي هِجْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَمَا قَدِمَ يَعْنِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ حَتَّى قَرَأْتُ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى فِي سُورَةٍ مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ.\n\n٣٣٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ فِي قِصَّةِ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ حِينَ افْتَتَحَ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: \" أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَوَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا، وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ \" وَكَانَ هَذَا أَيْضًا قَبْلَ مَرَضِهِ بِكَثِيرٍ.\n\n٣٤٠٠ - وَقَدْ تَحَيَّرَ صَاحِبُ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةِ فِي خَبَرِ مُعَاذٍ، وَصَارَ أَمْرُهُ إِلَى أَنْ حَمَلَهُ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْفَرِيضَةِ خَلْفَ التَّطَوُّعِ، عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي وَقْتٍ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ الْفَرِيضَةَ الْوَاحِدَةَ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي زَعْمِهِ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ،\n\n٣٤٠١ - فَنُزُولُ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى عِنْدَهُ إِذًا فِي تِلْكَ الْمَسْأَلَةِ: فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ،\n\n٣٤٠٢ - وَفِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ: فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ، لِيَسْتَقِيمَ قَوْلُهُ فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ،\n\n٣٤٠٣ - وَهَذَا شَأْنُ مَنْ يُسَوِّي الْأَخْبَارَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، وَيَجْعَلُ مَذْهَبَهُ أَصْلًا، وَأَحَادِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَبَعًا، وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ ⦗٤٤٦⦘،\n\n٣٤٠٤ - وَمَشْهُورٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ، أَنَّ سُورَةَ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَسُورَةَ الْوَاقِعَةِ، وَالْحَاقَّةِ، اللَّتَيْنِ فِيهِمَا ﴿فَسَبِّحِ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٤]، نَزَلْنَ بِمَكَّةَ.\n\n٣٤٠٥ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا.\n\n٣٤٠٦ - فَكَيْفَ اسْتَجَازَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ ادِّعَاءَ نَسْخِ مَا وَرَدَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ؟ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَمْرِهِ بِالدُّعَاءِ فِي السُّجُودِ فِي مَرَضِ مَوْتِهِ، بِمَا نَزَلَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ بِدَهْرٍ طَوِيلٍ بِالتَّوَهُّمِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"2","page":442},{"text":"٣٤٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْبُوَيْطِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْهُذَلِيِّ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِذَا رَكَعَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَقَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَقَدْ تَمَّ رُكُوعُهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَدْنَاهُ، وَإِذَا سَجَدَ فَقَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَقَدْ تَمَّ سُجُودُهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَدْنَاهُ\n\n٣٤٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، فِيمَا نَقَلَ عَنِ الْإِمْلَاءِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٤٤٧⦘.\n\n٣٤٠٩ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قَالَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا، فَإِنَّمَا يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَدْنَى مَا يُنْسَبُ إِلَى كَمَالِ الْفَرْضِ وَالِاخْتِيَارِ مَعًا، لَا كَمَالِ الْفَرْضِ وَحْدَهُ،\n\n٣٤١٠ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا لِأَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n٣٤١١ - وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، فَذَكَرَ فِيهِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ: عَوْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ.\n\n٣٤١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْهُذَلِيِّ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ قَالَ فِي رُكُوعِهِ» فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ: «مَنْ قَالَ فِي سُجُودِهِ» فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"2","page":446},{"text":"٣٤١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: جَاءَتِ الْحَطَّابَةُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا لَا نَزَالُ سُفْرًا، فَكَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ بِالصَّلَاةِ؟. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٤٤٨⦘: «ثَلَاثُ تَسْبِيحَاتٍ رُكُوعًا، وَثَلَاثُ تَسْبِيحَاتٍ سُجُودًا»","vol":"2","page":447},{"text":"٣٤١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: إِذَا رَكَعْتَ فَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ رَكَعْتُ، وَلَكَ خَشَعْتُ، وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَعَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ، فَقَدْ تَمَّ رُكُوعُكَ»\n\n٣٤١٥ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَكْرَهُوَنَ هَذَا، وَهَذَا عِنْدَنَا كَلَامٌ حَسَنٌ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَبِيهٌ بِهِ، وَنَحْنُ نَأْمُرُ بِالْقَوْلِ بِهِ","vol":"2","page":448},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-162>النَّهْيُ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ</span>","vol":"2","page":449},{"text":"٣٤١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ح.\n\n٣٤١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نَافِعٌ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ لُبْسِ الْقِسِيِّ، وَالْمُعَصْفَرِ، وَعَنْ تَخَتُّمِ الذَّهَبِ، وَعَنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ فِي الرُّكُوعِ» ⦗٤٥٠⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"2","page":449},{"text":"٣٤١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: «نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا أَقُولُ نَهَاكُمْ، أَنْ أَقْرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ رَاكِعًا وَسَاجِدًا، أَوْ أَتَخَتَّمَ بِالذَّهَبِ»\n\n٣٤١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ: نَهَانِي، وَلَا أَقُولُ نَهَاكُمْ، كَأَنَّهُ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّهُ خُصَّ بِالنَّهْيِ دُونَ النَّاسِ.\n\n٣٤٢٠ - فَإِذَا كَانَ إِلَى هَذَا ذَهَبَ، فَإِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ نَهْيٌ عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ لِلنَّهْيِ لَهُ، لَا عَلَى التَّحْرِيمِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٣٤٢١ - ثُمَّ حَمَلَهُ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ عَلَى الْعُمُومِ بِمَا مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ رَاكِعًا أَوْ سَاجِدًا» وَكَذَلِكَ فِي التَّخَتُّمِ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَلُبْسِ الْقِسِيِّ لِلرِّجَالِ، بِحَدِيثٍ آخَرَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى نَهْيِ الرِّجَالِ عَنْ تَخَتُّمِ الذَّهَبِ، وَلُبْسِ الْحَرِيرِ","vol":"2","page":450},{"text":"٣٤٢٢ - وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الْفَرَّاءُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ،، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: \" أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِسَبْعٍ وَنَهَانَا عَنْ سَبْعٍ: أَمَرَنَا بِعِيَادَةِ الْمَرِيضِ، وَاتِّبَاعِ الْجَنَائِزِ، وَنَصْرِ الْمَظْلُومِ، وَإِفْشَاءِ السَّلَامِ، وَتَشْمِيتِ الْعَاطِسِ، وَإِجَابَةِ الدَّاعِي، وَإِبْرَارِ الْقَسَمِ، وَنَهَانَا عَنِ الشُّرَبِ فِي الْفِضَّةِ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَشْرَبُ فِيهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا لَا يَشْرَبُ فِيهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَعَنِ التَّخَتُّمِ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَرُكُوبِ الْمَيَاثِرِ، وَلِبَاسِ الْقِسِيِّ، وَالْحَرِيرِ وَالدِّيبَاجِ، وَالْإِسْتَبْرَقِ \" أَخْرِجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ\n\n٣٤٢٣ - وَأَمَّا الْمُعَصْفَرُ فَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّمَا أَرْخَصْتُ فِيهِ، لِأَنِّي لَمْ أَجِدْ أَحَدًا يَحْكِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، النَّهْيَ عَنْ لُبْسِ الْمُعَصْفَرِ، إِلَّا مَا قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: نَهَانِي، وَلَا أَقُولُ نَهَاكُمْ، وَهُوَ فِي حَدِيثِ غَيْرِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ حُنَيْنٍ","vol":"2","page":451},{"text":"٣٤٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ ح،\n\n٣٤٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ ⦗٤٥٢⦘ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، ح.\n\n٣٤٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، حَدَّثَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: «نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ تَخَتُّمِ الذَّهَبِ، وَعَنْ لُبْسِ الْمُعَصْفَرِ، وَالْقِسِيِّ، وَالْمَيَاثِرِ، وَعَنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَأَنَا رَاكِعٌ» قَالَ أُسَامَةُ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، وَعَلَيْهِ مِلْحَفَةٌ مُعَصْفَرَةٌ كَثِيرَةُ الْعُصْفُرِ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَقُولُ: نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا أَقُولُ نَهَاكُمْ عَنْ تَخَتُّمِ الذَّهَبِ وَلِبَاسِ الْمُعَصْفَرِ، وَلَمْ يَزِدْنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يُنْكِرِ الْحَدِيثَ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ.\n\n٣٤٢٧ - وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حُنَيْنٍ رَاوِي الْحَدِيثِ حَمَلَهُ أَيْضًا عَلَى الْخُصُوصِ.\n\n٣٤٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ، أَنْكَرَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ لُبْسَ الْمُعَصْفَرِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمْ يَنْهَكَ وَلَا إِيَّاهُ، إِنَّمَا نَهَانِي أَنَا» ⦗٤٥٣⦘\n\n٣٤٢٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي رِوَايَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّهْيَ عَنْهُ عَلَى الْعُمُومِ","vol":"2","page":451},{"text":"٣٤٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُضَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: رَآنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَلَيَّ ثَوْبَانِ مُعَصْفَرَانِ، فَقَالَ:  «هَذِهِ ثِيَابُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَلَا تَلْبَسْهَا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٣٤٣١ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو: فِي إِحْرَامِهِ فِي مِثْلِ الثِّيَابِ الْمُعَصْفَرَةِ، وَفِي نَهْيِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ لُبْسِهِ، ثُمَّ طَرْحِهِ إِيَّاهُ فِي تَنُّورٍ،\n\n٣٤٣٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ: لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْإِحْرَامَ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَذَفَهَا فِي التَّنُّورِ، قَالَ: أَفَلَا كَسَوْتَهَا بَعْضَ أَهْلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ لِلنِّسَاءِ ⦗٤٥٤⦘،\n\n٣٤٣٣ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ، مِنْ كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ.\n\n٣٤٣٤ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ نَهْيَ الرِّجَالِ عَنْ لُبْسِهِ عَلَى الْعُمُومِ، وَلَوْ بَلَغَ الشَّافِعِيَّ لَقَالَ بِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"2","page":453},{"text":"٣٤٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، وَهُوَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀:  «كُلَّمَا قُلْتُ وَكَانَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خِلَافُ قُولِي مِمَّا يَصِحُّ، فَحَدِيثُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَوْلَى، وَلَا تُقَلِّدُونِي»","vol":"2","page":454},{"text":"٣٤٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَبِي، قَالَ لَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: «إِذَا صَحَّ عِنْدَكُمُ الْحَدِيثُ، فَقُولُوا لَنَا حَتَّى نَذْهَبَ إِلَيْهِ»\n\n٣٤٣٧ - وَقَدِ اسْتَحَبَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الْجُمُعَةِ لُبْسَ الْبَيَاضِ.\n\n٣٤٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ جَاوَزَهُ فَعَصَبَ الْمَنِيِّ وَالْقِطْرِيَّ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ مِمَّا يُصْبَغُ غَزْلُهُ وَلَا يَصْبِغُ بَعْدَ مَا يُنْسَجُ، فَحَسَنٌ. أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ،\n\n٣٤٣٩ - فَقَدْ صَرَّحَ هَاهُنَا بِاسْتِحْبَابِ تَرْكِ لُبْسِ مَا يُصْبَغُ بَعْدَمَا يُنْسَجُ، وَالْمُعَصْفَرُ دَاخِلٌ فِيهِ.\n\n٣٤٤٠ - وَهَذَا قَوْلٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ عَلَى السُّنَّةِ، فَقَدْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُحِبُّ لُبْسَ الْحِبَرَةِ، وَلَبِسَ حُلَّةً حَمْرَاءَ وَهِيَ مِنْ بُرُودِ الْيَمَنِ الَّذِي يُصْبَغُ غَزْلُهُ ثُمَّ يُنْسَجُ ⦗٤٥٥⦘.\n\n٣٤٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا أَلْبَسُ الْمُعَصْفَرَ»\n\n٣٤٤٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ أَحْمَرَانِ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٣٤٤٣ - وَرُوِّينَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ أَحَادِيثَ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ الْحُمْرَةِ، فَيُشَبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الَّذِي كُرِهَ مَا يُصْبَغُ زِينَةً بَعْدَمَا يُنْسَجُ، فَيَكُونُ كَالْمُزَعْفَرِ الَّذِي نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلرِّجَالِ.\n\n٣٤٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَنْهَى الرَّجُلَ حَلَالًا بِكُلِّ حَالٍ أَنْ يَتَزَعْفَرَ، وَنَأْمُرُهُ إِذَا تَزَعْفرَ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ الزَّعْفَرَانَ عَنْهُ\n\n٣٤٤٥ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا أَمَرَ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي أَحْرَمَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ، وَهُوَ مُضَمَّخٌ بِالْخَلُوقِ بِالْغُسْلِ، فِيمَا يُرَى الصُّفْرَةُ عَلَيْهِ، فَتَتَبَّعَ السُّنَّةَ فِي الْمُزَعْفَرِ، فَمُتَابَعَتُهَا أَيْضًا فِي الْمُعَصْفَرِ أَوْلَى بِهِ،\n\n٣٤٤٦ - وَقَدْ كَرِهَهُ بَعْضُ السَّلَفِ، وَأَجَازَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَلِيمِيُّ ﵀، وَرَخَّصَ فِيهِ جَمَاعَةٌ، وَالسُّنَّةُ أَلْزَمُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"2","page":454},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-163>إِنَّمَا الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِه</span>\nِ ٣٤٤٧ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَمَنْ سَبَقَ الْإِمَامَ بِالرُّكُوعِ وَالرَّفْعِ وَالسُّجُودِ وَالرَّفْعِ مِنَ السُّجُودِ، كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ»","vol":"3","page":5},{"text":"٣٤٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثٍ ذَكَرْتُهُ عَنْهُ: «إِنَّمَا الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ، فَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَارْفَعُوا» ⦗٦⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"3","page":5},{"text":"٣٤٤٩ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنَ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَهَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ الْمَعْنَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ، وَقَالَ: زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْكُوفِيُّونَ أَبَانُ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَا يَحْنِ أَحَدٌ مِنَّا ظَهْرَهُ، حَتَّى يَرَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ»،\n\n٣٤٥٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: «حَتَّى يَرَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَدْ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبِ، وَقَالَ: «حَتَّى نَرَاهُ يَسْجُدُ» وَعَنِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ «حَتَّى نَرَاهُ قَدْ سَجَدَ» وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَاهُ جَمِيعًا فِي الصَّحِيحِ ⦗٧⦘\n\n٣٤٥١ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَلَا يَتَبَيَّنُ لِي أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ الْإِعَادَةَ، لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَمَا يَخْشَى الَّذِي يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ، قَبْلَ إِمَامَهِ، أَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ رَأْسَهُ رَأْسَ حِمَارٍ» فَكَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْجِهَةِ، وَلَمْ آمُرْهُ بِإِعَادَةٍ،\n\n٣٤٥٢ - قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِالْإِعَادَةِ","vol":"3","page":6},{"text":"٣٤٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَمَا يَخْشَى الَّذِي يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ قَبْلَ الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُحَوِّلَ اللَّهُ رَأْسَهُ رَأْسَ حِمَارٍ، أَوْ صُورَتَهُ صُورَةَ حِمَارٍ»\n\n٣٤٥٤ - قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ شَكَّ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"3","page":7},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-164>إِذَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِمَامَ رَاكِعًا</span>","vol":"3","page":8},{"text":"٣٤٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ «دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَالْإِمَامُ رَاكِعٌ فَرَكَعَ، ثُمَّ دَبَّ رَاكِعًا»\n\n٣٤٥٦ - وَعَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ: قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٣٤٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ، وَقَدْ فَعَلَ هَذَا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ","vol":"3","page":8},{"text":"٣٤٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ «أَنَّهُ رَكَعَ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ مَشَيَا رَاكِعَيْنِ، حَتَّى انْتَهَيَا إِلَى الصَّفِّ» قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَضَى الْإِمَامُ الصَّلَاةَ، قُمْتُ، وَأَنَا أَرَى أَنِّي لَمْ أَدْرِكْ، فَأَخَذَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بِيَدِي، فَأَجْلَسَنِي، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَدْرَكْتَ»","vol":"3","page":8},{"text":"٣٤٥٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ يُونُسُ بنُ يَزِيدَ، وَابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أُمَامَةَ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ ⦗٩⦘، أَنَّهُ رَأَى زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ «دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ، وَالْإِمَامُ رَاكِعٌ، فَمَشَى حَتَّى إِذَا أَمْكَنَهُ أَنْ يَصِلَ الصَّفَّ، وَهُوَ رَاكِعٌ كَبَّرَ فَرَكَعَ، ثُمَّ دَبَّ وَهُوَ رَاكِعٌ حَتَّى وَصَلَ الصَّفَّ»\n\n٣٤٦٠ - وَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ\n\n٣٤٦١ - وَفِي مَعْنَاهُ حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ «أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَاكِعٌ، فَرَكَعَ دُونَ الصَّفِّ، ثُمَّ مَشَى إِلَى الصَّفِّ»\n\n٣٤٦٢ - وَذَلِكَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي بَابِ: مَوْقِفِ الْإِمَامِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى إِدْرَاكِ الرَّكْعَةِ، بِإِدْرَاكِ الرُّكُوعِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ صَرِيحًا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَفِي خَبَرٍ مُرْسَلٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَفِي خَبَرٍ مَوْصُولٍ عَنْهُ غَيْرِ قَوِيٍّ،\n\n٣٤٦٣ - أَمَّا الْمُرْسَلُ: فَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":8},{"text":"٣٤٦٤ - وَأَمَّا الْمَوْصُولُ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي مَسَرَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا نَافِعُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا جِئْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَنَحْنُ سُجُودٌ فَاسْجُدُوا، وَلَا تَعُدُّوهَا شَيْئًا، وَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ الرَّكْعَةَ، فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ»،\n\n٣٤٦٥ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ هَذَا، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"3","page":9},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-165>الْقَوْلُ عِنْدَ رَفْعِ الرَّأْسِ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ</span>","vol":"3","page":10},{"text":"٣٤٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ، وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ","vol":"3","page":10},{"text":"٣٤٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ قَالَ:  «اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمِلْءَ الْأَرْضِ وَمِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ»","vol":"3","page":10},{"text":"٣٤٦٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمَاجِشُونُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: وَإِذَا رَفَعَ قَالَ:  «اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَمِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ»،\n\n٣٤٦٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ: وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ» ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣٤٧٠ - وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمَاجِشُونِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ قَصَّرَ بِهِ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَهُ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ» وَبَعْضُهُمْ زَادَ عَلَى هَذَا الدُّعَاءِ","vol":"3","page":11},{"text":"٣٤٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ السَّمَّانِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِذَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، فَقُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ وَافَقَ قَوْلُهُ قَوْلَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ \"، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ دُونَ حَرْفِ الْوَاوِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: «لَكَ الْحَمْدُ» فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَفِي الْأَحَادِيثِ قَبْلَهُ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَجْمَعُ مِنَ الذِّكْرَيْنِ.\n\n٣٤٧٢ - وَكَانَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، يَقُولُ: يَجْمَعُهُمَا الْمَأْمُومُ، مَعَ الْإِمَامِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ،\n\n٣٤٧٣ - وَبِهِ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَأَبُو بُرْدَةَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ\n\n٣٤٧٤ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ: وَنُتَابِعُهُ مَعًا،\n\n٣٤٧٥ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ كَالدِّلَالَةِ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِمَا رُوِيَ هَاهُنَا أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: مَعَ الْإِمَامِ بَعْدَ فَرَاغِهِ مِنْ قَوْلِ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ» مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، حَتَّى لَا يَتَأَخَّرَ عَنِ الْإِمَامِ فِي السُّجُودِ لِاشْتِغَالِهِ بِالْحَمْدِ ⦗١٣⦘،\n\n٣٤٧٦ - وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَى ظَاهَرِ الْخَبَرِ، وَأَنَّ الْمَأْمُومَ يَقْتَصِرُ عَلَى الْحَمْدِ،\n\n٣٤٧٧ - وَرُوِيَ فِي، مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ\n\n٣٤٧٨ - وَبِهِ قَالَ: الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَمَالِكٌ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ\n\n٣٤٧٩ - وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: فَأَمَّا الْإِمَامُ، فَإِنَّهُ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَكَذَلِكَ الْمُنْفَرِدُ، لِمَا مَضَى مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":12},{"text":"٣٤٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ قَالَ:  «اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمِلْءَ الْأَرْضِ وَمِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ»\n\n٣٤٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَسْتَحِبُّ هَذَا وَنَقُولُ بِهِ، لِأَنَّهُ مُوَافِقٌ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":13},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-166>الطُّمَأْنِينَةُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ، وَكَيْفَ الْقِيَامُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ</span>","vol":"3","page":14},{"text":"٣٤٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ: «إِذَا رَكَعْتَ، فَاجْعَلْ رَاحَتَيْكَ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْكَ، وَمَكِّنْ لِرُكُوعِكَ، فَإِذَا رَفَعْتَ، فَأَقِمْ صُلْبَكَ، وَارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ، حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ الْعِظَامُ إِلَى مَفَاصِلِهَا»\n\n٣٤٨٣ - قَصَّرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ رِفَاعَةَ","vol":"3","page":14},{"text":"٣٤٨٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي أَسَاءَ الصَّلَاةَ ⦗١٥⦘: «ثُمَّ ارْكَعْ، حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ رَاكِعًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ، حَتَّى تَعْتَدِلَ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ جَالِسًا»","vol":"3","page":14},{"text":"٣٤٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الْفَرَّاءُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُجْزِئُ صَلَاةٌ، لَا يُقِيمُ الرَّجُلُ فِيهَا صُلْبَهُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ، وَالسُّجُودِ»، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ","vol":"3","page":15},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-167>السُّجُودُ</span>","vol":"3","page":16},{"text":"٣٤٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَبْتَدِئَ التَّكْبِيرَ قَائِمًا، وَيَنْحَطُّ مَكَانَهُ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ أَوَّلُ مَا يَضَعُ الْأَرْضَ مِنْهُ: رُكْبَتَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ وَجْهَهُ، وَإِنْ وَضَعَ وَجْهَهُ قَبْلَ يَدَيْهِ، أَوْ يَدَيْهِ قَبْلَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ، كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَلَا إِعَادَةَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا سَهْوَ \"","vol":"3","page":16},{"text":"٣٤٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى شَرِيكٌ الْقَاضِي، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «يَضَعُ رُكْبَتَيْهِ قَبْلَ يَدَيْهِ، وَيَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ قَبْلَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ، يَعْنِي فِي السُّجُودِ» ⦗١٧⦘\n\n٣٤٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَرِيكً، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":16},{"text":"٣٤٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُحَادَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثٍ ذَكَرَهُ: «فَلَمَّا سَجَدَ وَضَعَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ، وَوَضَعَ جَبْهَتَهُ بَيْنَ كَفَّيْهِ»\n\n٣٤٩٠ - قَالَ هَمَّامٌ: وَحَدَّثَنَا شَقِيقٌ يَعْنِي أَبَا اللَّيْثِ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَذَا مُرْسَلًا، وَهُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ،\n\n٣٤٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٣٤٩٢ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَطَّارِ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٣٤٩٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مِنْ فِعْلِهِمَا","vol":"3","page":17},{"text":"٣٤٩٤ - وَرُوِي عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٨⦘:  «إِذَا سَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلَا يَبْرُكْ كَمَا يَبْرُكُ الْبَعِيرُ، وَلْيَضَعْ يَدَيْهِ قَبْلَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ»،\n\n٣٤٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٣٤٩٦ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، هَذَا\n\n٣٤٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"3","page":17},{"text":"٣٤٩٨ - وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّ الْيَدَيْنِ تَسْجُدَانِ كَمَا يَسْجُدُ الْوَجْهُ، فَإِذَا وَضَعَ أَحَدُكُمْ وَجْهَهُ فَلْيَضَعْ يَدَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَهُ فَلْيَرْفَعْهُمَا» ⦗١٩⦘\n\n٣٤٩٩ - وَقَالَ فِيهِ: ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ رَفَعَهُ،\n\n٣٥٠٠ - وَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنْهُ وَضْعُ الْيَدَيْنِ فِي السُّجُودِ، دُونَ التَّقْدِيمِ وَالتَّأْخِيرِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":18},{"text":"٣٥٠١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نَضَعُ الْيَدَيْنِ قَبْلَ الرُّكْبَتَيْنِ، فَأُمِرْنَا بِالرُّكْبَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْيَدَيْنِ»\n\n٣٥٠٢ - هَذَا إِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا دَلَّ عَلَى النَّسْخِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ الْمَحْفُوظَ عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: حَدِيثُ نَسْخِ التَّطْبِيقِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":19},{"text":"٣٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَبَّانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا سَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِرُكْبَتَيْهِ قَبْلَ يَدَيْهِ، وَلَا يَبْرُكْ بُرُوكَ الْفَحْلِ»،\n\n٣٥٠٤ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُصَرَّحُ بِمَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":19},{"text":"٣٥٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" أُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يُسْجَدَ مِنْهُ عَلَى سَبْعَةٍ: يَدَيْهِ وَرُكْبَتَيْهِ وَأَطْرَافِ أَصَابِعِهِ وَجَبْهَتِهِ، وَنُهِيَ أَنْ يُكْفَتَ مِنْهُ الشَّعْرُ وَالثِّيَابُ \" ⦗٢٠⦘\n\nقَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَأَرَانِي ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَّهَا عَلَى أَنْفِهِ، حَتَّى بَلَغَ بِهَا طَرْفَ أَنْفِهِ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَبِي يَعُدُّ هَذَا وَاحِدًا. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وُهَيْبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"3","page":19},{"text":"٣٥٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ طَاوُسًا، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ،  «أُمِرَ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ عَلَى سَبْعٍ، وَنُهِيَ أَنْ يَكْفِتَ شَعْرَهُ، أَوْ ثِيَابَهُ»، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو","vol":"3","page":20},{"text":"٣٥٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَقُولُ ⦗٢١⦘: \" إِذَا سَجَدَ الْعَبْدُ، سَجَدَ مَعَهُ سَبْعَةُ آرَابٍ: وَجْهُهُ، وَكَفَّاهُ، وَرُكْبَتَاهُ، وَقَدَمَاهُ \"\n\n٣٥٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُضَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"3","page":20},{"text":"٣٥٠٩ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، هَاهُنَا، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذَ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٢⦘: «ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ، فَيُمَكِّنُ جَبْهَتَهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ مَفَاصِلُهُ وَيَسْتَوِي، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ، فَيَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ، وَيَسْتَوِي قَاعِدًا عَلَى مَقْعَدَتِهِ، وَيُقِيمُ صُلْبَهُ»\n\n٣٥١٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: «ثُمَّ يَسْتَوِي قَاعِدًا عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ، حَتَّى يُقِيمَ صُلْبَهُ\n\n٣٥١١ -»، وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِأَنْ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ: «إِذَا سَجَدْتَ فَأَمْكِنْ جَبْهَتَكَ حَتَّى تَجِدَ حَجْمَ الْأَرْضِ»،\n\n٣٥١٢ - وَذَكَرَ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، قَوْلَهُ ﷿: ﴿يَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا﴾ [الإسراء: ١٠٧]، فَأَكْمَلُ السُّجُودِ أَنْ يَخِرَّ وَذَقْنُهُ إِذَا خَرَّ تَلِي الْأَرْضَ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ سُجُودُهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ الذَّقْنِ، فَأَبَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ السُّجُودَ عَلَى الْجَبْهَةِ، وَالْأَنْفِ","vol":"3","page":21},{"text":"٣٥١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: «أَبْصَرَتْ عَيْنَايَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْصَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا صَبِيحَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَعَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ وَأَنْفِهِ أَثَرُ الْمَاءِ وَالطِّينِ»\n\n٣٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٣⦘\n\n٣٥١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ سَجَدَ عَلَى الْجَبْهَةِ دُونَ الْأَنْفِ أَجْزَأَهُ وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا مَضَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ رِفَاعَةَ\n\n٣٥١٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِكْرِمَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ لَا يَضَعُ أَنْفَهُ إِذَا سَجَدَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تُقْبَلُ صَلَاةٌ لَا يُصِيبُ الْأَنْفَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ مَا يُصِيبُ الْجَبِينَ»\n\n٣٥١٧ - فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَإِنَّمَا أَسْنَدَهُ بِذِكْرِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ، أَبُو قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَشُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ وَغَلَطَ فِيهِ،\n\n٣٥١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَوْقُوفًا\n\n٣٥١٩ - قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ: حَدِيثُ عِكْرِمَةَ مُرْسَلًا أَصَحُّ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ: غَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ،\n\n٣٥٢٠ - وَأَوْجَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ كَشْفَ الْيَدَيْنِ، كَمَا أَوْجَبَ كَشْفَ الْجَبْهَةِ","vol":"3","page":22},{"text":"٣٥٢١ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ \" إِذَا سَجَدَ يَضَعُ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى الَّذِي يَضَعُ عَلَيْهِ جَبْهَتَهُ قَالَ: «وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي يَوْمٍ شَدِيدِ الْبَرْدِ، يُخْرِجُ كَفَّيْهِ مِنْ تَحْتِ بُرْنُسٍ لَهُ» ⦗٢٤⦘\n\n٣٥٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ سُنَّةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ طَاوُسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ.\n\n٣٥٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ خَبَّابِ بْنِ الْأَرَتِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «شَكَوْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شِدَّةَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الرَّمْضَاءِ فِي جِبَاهِنَا، وَأَكُفِّنَا، فَلَمْ يُشْكِنَا\n\n٣٥٢٤ -» وَعَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ حَيَوَانَ السَّبَائِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأَى رَجُلًا يَسْجُدُ عَلَى عِمَامَتِهِ، فَحَسَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ جَبْهَتِهِ»،\n\n٣٥٢٥ - وَهَذَا الْمُرْسَلُ شَاهِدٌ لِلْمَوْصُولِ قَبْلَهُ فِي الْجَبْهَةِ، وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي السُّجُودِ عَلَى كُورِ الْعِمَامَةِ شَيْءٌ\n\n٣٥٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَرِيبًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَالِحٍ،\n\n٣٥٢٧ - وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِي السُّجُودِ عَلَى الثِّيَابِ، حَدِيثُ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ ⦗٢٥⦘: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ، فَإِذَا لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَحَدُنَا، أَنْ يُمَكِّنَ جَبْهَتَهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، بَسَطَ ثَوْبَهُ، فَسَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٣٥٢٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ، فَيَأْخُذُ أَحَدُنَا الْحَصَى فِي يَدِهِ، فَإِذَا بَرَدَ وَضَعَهُ، وَسَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ»،\n\n٣٥٢٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n٣٥٣٠ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الرِّوَايَةُ الْأُولَى عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي ثَوْبٍ مُنْفَصِلٍ عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٣٥٣١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْجُدُونَ وَأَيْدِيهِمْ فِي ثِيَابِهِمْ، وَيَسْجُدُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى عِمَامَتِهِ،\n\n٣٥٣٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ، مِنْهُمْ بِخِلَافِ هَذَا فِي الْجَبْهَةِ،\n\n٣٥٣٣ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الْيَدَيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٣٥٣٤ - وَالِاحْتِيَاطُ لِأَمْرِ الصَّلَاةِ أَوْلَى، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ،\n\n٣٥٣٥ - وَأَوْجَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ: السُّجُودَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَعْضَائِهِ، الَّتِي أُمِرَ بِالسُّجُودِ عَلَيْهَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَلَمْ يُوجِبْهُ فِي الْقَوْلِ الْآخَرِ، إِلَّا عَلَى الْجَبْهَةِ ⦗٢٦⦘،\n\n٣٥٣٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ الْمَذْكُورَ فِي السُّجُودِ: الْوَجْهُ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا﴾ [الإسراء: ١٠٧]\n\n٣٥٣٧ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «سَجَدَ وَجْهِي لِلَّذِي خَلَقَهُ، وَشَقَّ سَمْعَهُ وَبَصَرَهُ، فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ»","vol":"3","page":23},{"text":"٣٥٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِذَا سَجَدَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ سَجَدْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، أَنْتَ رَبِّي، سَجَدَ وَجْهِي لِلَّذِي خَلَقَهُ، وَشَقَّ سَمْعَهُ وَبَصَرَهُ، تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ»\n\n٣٥٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ ⦗٢٧⦘ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسُقْهُ بِتَمَامِهِ،\n\n٣٥٤٠ - وَهُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمَاجِشُونِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"3","page":26},{"text":"٣٥٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى أَبَا رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَرَّ بِحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ يُصَلِّي، قَدْ غَرَزَ ضَفِيرَتَهُ فِي قَفَاهُ، فَحَلَّهَا أَبُو رَافِعٍ، فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَسَنُ مُغْضَبًا، فَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ: أَقْبِلْ عَلَى صَلَاتِكَ، وَلَا تَغْضَبْ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «ذَلِكَ كَفِعْلِ الشَّيْطَانِ» يَعْنِي مَقْعَدَ الشَّيْطَانِ، يَعْنِي مَغْرَزَ ضَفْرِهِ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى أَبَا رَافِعٍ ⦗٢٨⦘\n\n٣٥٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٣٥٤٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n٣٥٤٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ يُصَلِّي، وَرَأْسُهُ مَعْقُوصٌ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، فَقَامَ وَرَاءَهُ، فَجَعَلَ يَحُلُّهُ، وَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ هَذَا، مَثَلُ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي، وَهُوَ مَكْتُوفٌ»","vol":"3","page":27},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-168>الذِّكْرُ فِي السُّجُودِ</span>","vol":"3","page":29},{"text":"٣٥٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا سَجَدَ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ سَجَدْتُ، وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَأَنْتَ رَبِّي، سَجَدَ وَجْهِي لِلَّذِي خَلْقَهُ، وَشَقَّ سَمْعَهُ وَبَصَرَهُ، تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ»\n\n٣٥٤٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁، وَهُوَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"3","page":29},{"text":"٣٥٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سُحَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَلَا إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ رَاكِعًا أَوْ سَاجِدًا، فَأَمَّا الرُّكُوعُ فَعَظِّمُوا فِيهِ الرَّبَّ، وَأَمَّا السُّجُودُ فَاجْتَهِدُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ، فَقَمِنٌ أَنْ يُسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ» ⦗٣٠⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، وَزُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"3","page":29},{"text":"٣٥٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: \" أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنَ اللَّهِ، إِذَا كَانَ سَاجِدًا، أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: افْعَلْ وَاقْرَبْ، يَعْنِي: ﴿اسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِبْ﴾ [العلق: ١٩] \"\n\n٣٥٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، صَحِيحٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، دُونَ الِاسْتِشْهَادِ بِالْآيَةِ، وَفِيهِ: الْأَمْرُ بِإِكْثَارِ الدُّعَاءِ","vol":"3","page":30},{"text":"٣٥٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا صَالِحٍ ذَكْوَانَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ، فَأَكْثِرُوا الدُّعَاءَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ،\n\n٣٥٥١ - وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ وَالدَّعَوَاتِ سَائِرَ الْأَذْكَارِ، الَّتِي رُوِيَتْ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":30},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-169>التَّجَافِي فِي السُّجُودِ</span>","vol":"3","page":31},{"text":"٣٥٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَانَ  «إِذَا سَجَدَ جَافَى بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ»","vol":"3","page":31},{"text":"٣٥٥٣ - قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ صَالِحٍ، مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَانَ  «إِذَا سَجَدَ يُرَى بَيَاضُ إِبْطَيْهِ، مِمَّا يُجَافِي يَدَيْهِ»","vol":"3","page":31},{"text":"٣٥٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي فُلَيْحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبَّاسُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ، وَأَبُو أُسَيْدٍ، وَسَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرُوا صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ كَمَا مَضَى فِي مَسْأَلَةِ رَفَعِ الْيَدَيْنِ قَالَ ⦗٣٢⦘: «ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، فَوَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، كَأَنَّهُ قَابِضٌ عَلَيْهِمَا، وَوَتَّرَ يَدَيْهِ، فَتَجَافَى عَنْ جَنْبَيْهِ» وَقَالَ فِي السُّجُودِ: «ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، فَأَمْكَنَ أَنْفَهُ وَجَبْهَتَهُ، وَنَحَّى يَدَيْهِ عَنْ جَنْبَيْهِ، وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ حِذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ، حَتَّى رَجَعَ كُلُّ عَظْمٍ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ، حَتَّى فَرَغَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، فَافْتَرَشَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَأَقْبَلَ بِصَدْرِ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى قِبْلَتِهِ، وَوَضَعَ كَفَّهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ الْيُمْنَى، وَكَفَّهُ الْيُسْرَى عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ الْيُسْرَى، وَأَشَارَ بِإِصْبَعِهِ»","vol":"3","page":31},{"text":"٣٥٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرُّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْفَرَّاءِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَقْرَمَ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْقَاعِ، مِنْ نَمِرَةَ، أَوِ الثَّمَرَةِ شَكَّ الرَّبِيعُ، سَاجِدًا، فَرَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ إِبْطَيْهِ \"\n\n٣٥٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: كَانَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ الصَّحِيحَ ثَمَرَةٌ، بِالثَّاءِ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ\n\n٣٥٥٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي التَّجَافِي فِي السُّجُودِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَحْمَرَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٣٥٥٨ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ⦗٣٣⦘\n\n٣٥٥٩ - وَحَدِيثُ مَيْمُونَةَ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ،\n\n٣٥٦٠ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَحْمَرَ بْنِ جَزْءٍ، أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ","vol":"3","page":32},{"text":"٣٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «هُيِّئَتْ عِظَامُ ابْنِ آدَمَ لِلسُّجُودِ، فَاسْجُدُوا حَتَّى بِالْمَرَافِقِ»\n\n٣٥٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا، يَعْنِي الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، يَقُولُونَ: بِهَذَا، وَيَقُولُونَ: لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا يَقُولُ: بِهَذَا\n\n٣٥٦٣ - فَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ أَقْرَمَ","vol":"3","page":33},{"text":"٣٥٦٤ - وَعَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنُ أَخِي يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ ⦗٣٤⦘: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا سَجَدَ، لَوْ أَرَادَتْ بَهِيمَةٌ، أَنْ تَمُرَّ مِنْ تَحْتِهِ لَمَرَّتْ، مِمَّا يُجَافِي»\n\n٣٥٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ أَقْرَمَ، وَمَيْمُونَةَ\n\n٣٥٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n٣٥٦٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ: عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنَ أَخِي يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ،\n\n٣٥٦٨ - وَقَالَ: يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n٣٥٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «بُهَيْمَةٌ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى،\n\n٣٥٧٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ قُتَيْبَةُ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٣٥٧١ - وَرَوَاهُ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي التَّجَافِي، حَتَّى رُئِيَ وَضَحَ إِبْطَيْهِ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْبَهِيمَةِ ⦗٣٥⦘،\n\n٣٥٧٢ - وَهُمَا أَخَوَانِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُهُمَا.\n\n٣٥٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا سَجَدْتَ فَضَعْ كَفَّيْكَ، وَارْفَعْ مِرْفَقَيْكَ»\n\n٣٥٧٤ - وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «اعْتَدِلُوا فِي السُّجُودِ، وَلَا يَبْسُطَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ ذِرَاعَيْهِ انْبِسَاطَ الْكَلْبِ»،\n\n٣٥٧٥ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ فِيمَنْ يُصَلِّي وَحْدَهُ نَافِلَةً، فَطَالَ سُجُودُهُ، يَعْتَمِدُ بِمِرْفَقَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ لِطُولِ السُّجُودِ","vol":"3","page":33},{"text":"٣٥٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: شَكَا أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَشَقَّةَ السُّجُودِ، إِذَا تَفَرَّجُوا، فَقَالَ:  «اسْتَعِينُوا بِالرُّكَبِ» ⦗٣٦⦘\n\n٣٥٧٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ عَجْلَانَ فِي غَيْرِ رِوَايَتِنَا هَذِهِ: وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَضَعَ مِرْفَقَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، إِذَا طَالَ السُّجُودُ، وَأَعْيَاهُ،\n\n٣٥٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَذَكَرَ قَوْلَ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ،\n\n٣٥٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مُرْسَلًا بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"3","page":35},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-170>الْجُلُوسُ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ</span>\n٣٥٨٠ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي وُجُوبِهِ، وَوجُوبِ الِاسْتِوَاءِ فِيهِ، بِحَدِيثِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ\n\n٣٥٨١ - قَالَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَالْقُعُودُ مِنَ السَّجْدَةِ، الَّتِي يُرْجَعُ مِنْهَا إِلَى السَّجْدَةِ عَلَى الْعَقِبَيْنِ،\n\n٣٥٨٢ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ: وَيَجْلِسُ الْمُصَلِّي فِي جُلُوسِهِ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ، عَلَى صُدُورِ قَدَمَيْهِ، وَيَسْتَقْبِلُ بِصُدُورِ قَدَمَيْهِ الْقِبْلَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ،\n٣٥٨٣ - وَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ بِمَا رُوِيَ فِي، ذَلِكَ","vol":"3","page":37},{"text":"مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ طَاوُسًا، يَقُولُ: قُلْنَا لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْإِقْعَاءِ عَلَى الْقَدَمَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «هِيَ السُّنَّةُ» فَقُلْنَا لَهُ: إِنَّا لَنَرَاهُ جَفَاءً بِالرَّجُلِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «بَلْ هِيَ سُنَّةُ نَبِيِّكَ ﷺ» ⦗٣٨⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْحُلْوَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ","vol":"3","page":37},{"text":"٣٥٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ قَالَ: \" كَانَتِ الْعَبَادِلَةُ الثَّلَاثَةُ، يَقْعُونَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ \"\n\n٣٥٨٥ - قَالَ: «وَأَظُنُّ مِنْهُمْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ صَفْوَانَ»\n\n٣٥٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ «يَنْهَى عَنْ عَقِبِ الشَّيْطَانِ»،\n\n٣٥٨٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَمُرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنِ الْإِقْعَاءِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»،\n\n٣٥٨٨ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْقُعُودِ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ، وَحَدِيثُ سَمُرَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ فِي الْإِقْعَاءِ، الَّذِي فَسَّرَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، حِكَايَةً عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَهُوَ جُلُوسُ الْإِنْسَانِ عَلَى أَلْيَتَيْهِ، نَاصِبًا فَخِذَيْهِ، مِثْلَ إِقْعَاءِ الْكَلْبِ، وَالسَّبْعِ ⦗٣٩⦘،\n\n٣٥٨٩ - وَالْمُرَادُ بِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنْ يَضَعَ، أَطْرَافَ أَصَابِعِ رِجْلَيْهِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَيَضَعَ أَلْيَتَيْهِ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ، وَيَضَعَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ بِالْأَرْضِ،\n\n٣٥٩٠ - وَفِي هَذَا جَمْعٌ بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ","vol":"3","page":38},{"text":"٣٥٩١ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اسْتِقْبَالِ الْقِبْلَةِ: «إِذَا رَفَعَ مِنَ السُّجُودِ، لَمْ يَرْجِعْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ، وَيُثْنِي رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهَا كَمَا يَجْلِسُ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ الْأَوَّلِ»\n\n٣٥٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣٥٩٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ، يَعْنِي مِنَ السَّجْدَةِ الْأُولَى، وَيُثْنِي رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، فَيَقْعُدُ عَلَيْهَا","vol":"3","page":39},{"text":"٣٥٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ الْهَمَدَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: كَانَ يَقُولُ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَارْحَمْنِي، وَاهْدِنِي وَاجْبُرْنِي» ⦗٤٠⦘\n\n٣٥٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَهُمْ، يَعْنِي بَعْضَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ يَكْرَهُونَ هَذَا، وَلَا يَقُولُونَ بِهِ.\n\n٣٥٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ حُذَيْفَةَ، أَنَّهُ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَكَانَ يَقُولُ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ: «رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي»، وَجَلَسَ بِقَدْرِ سُجُودِهِ.\n\n٣٥٩٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ كَامِلِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَوْلِهِ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ، الْأَلْفَاظِ الَّتِي حَكَاهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَزَادَ: «وَارْفَعْنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي»،\n\n٣٥٩٨ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «وَعَافِنِي»","vol":"3","page":39},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-171>الْقِيَامُ مِنَ الْجُلُوسِ</span>","vol":"3","page":41},{"text":"٣٥٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ، فَصَلَّى فِي مَسْجِدِنَا، وَقَالَ: \" وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأُصَلِّي، وَمَا أُرِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَلَكِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُرِيَكُمْ كَيْفَ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ يَقُومُ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى، إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْهَضَ، قُلْتُ: كَيْفَ؟ قَالَ: «مِثْلَ صَلَاتِي هَذِهِ»\n\n٣٦٠٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، مِثْلَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَكَانَ مَالِكٌ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السَّجْدَةِ الْآخِرَةِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى، فَاسْتَوَى قَاعِدًا قَامَ وَاعْتَمَدَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ»\n\n٣٦٠١ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَخَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ","vol":"3","page":41},{"text":"٣٦٠٢ - وَرَوَاهُ هُشَيْمُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ اللَّيْثِيِّ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ،  «إِذْ كَانَ فِي وِتْرٍ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ لَمْ يَنْهَضْ حَتَّى يَسْتَوِيَ قَاعِدًا» ⦗٤٢⦘\n\n٣٦٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ","vol":"3","page":41},{"text":"٣٦٠٤ - وَرَوَاهُ وهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ يَأْتِينَا فِي مَسْجِدِنَا، فَيُصَلِّي بِنَا، وَيَقُولُ: «إِنِّي أُصَلِّي بِكُمْ، وَمَا أُرِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَلَكِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُرِيَكُمْ كَيْفَ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُصَلِّي»\n\n٣٦٠٥ - قَالَ أَيُّوبُ: فَقُلْتُ: لِأَبِي قِلَابَةَ: كَيْفَ كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ؟ قَالَ: \" مِثْلُ صَلَاةِ شَيْخِنَا هَذَا، يَعْنِي عَمْرَو بْنَ سَلَمَةَ\n\n٣٦٠٦ - قَالَ أَيُّوبُ: «وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْخُ يُتِمُّ التَّكْبِيرَ، وَكَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السَّجْدَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ جَلَسَ، ثُمَّ اعْتَمَدَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَقَامَ»\n\n٣٦٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ النَّرْسِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: «شَيْخِنَا هَذَا عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَمُعَلَّى بْنِ أَسَدٍ، عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ،\n\n٣٦٠٨ - وَرُوِّينَا جِلْسَةَ الِاسْتِرَاحَةِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ\n\n٣٦٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا قَامَ مِنَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، اعْتَمَدَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ بِيَدَيْهِ» ⦗٤٣⦘،\n\n٣٦١٠ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى أَنْ يَعْتَمِدَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى يَدِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»، فَذَاكَ تَقْصِيرٌ وُقِعَ فِيهِ مِنْ بَعْضِ الرُّوَاةِ","vol":"3","page":42},{"text":"٣٦١١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنْ يَجْلِسَ الرَّجُلُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَهُوَ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى يَدِهِ»\n\n٣٦١٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «إِذَا جَلَسَ الرَّجُلُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، أَنْ يَعْتَمِدَ عَلَى يَدِهِ الْيُسْرَى»\n\n٣٦١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، فَذَكَرَ الرِّوَايَةَ الْأُولَى،\n\n٣٦١٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَطِيعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، فَذَكَرَ الرِّوَايَةَ الْأُخْرَى وَهُمَا قَرِيبَتَانِ، وَإِحْدَاهُمَا أَبْيَنُ.\n\n٣٦١٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ بَيَانُ مَا أَطْلَقَهُ سَائِرُ الرُّوَاةِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، مَعَ مَا يَشْهَدُ لَهُ،\n\n٣٦١٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، فَقَالَ: إِذَا نَهَضَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَذَلِكَ خَطَأٌ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ سَائِرَ الرُّوَاةِ، وَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ صَحِيحًا، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ إِذَا نَهَضَ ⦗٤٤⦘،\n\n٣٦١٧ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ لَا تَعْتَمِدَ عَلَى يَدَيْكَ، حِينَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَقُومَ»، لَمْ يَثْبُتْ إِسْنَادُهُ، تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو شَيْبَةَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ،\n\n٣٦١٨ - وَلَكِنْ صَحَّ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَامَ عَلَى صُدُورِ قَدَمَيْهِ","vol":"3","page":43},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-172>كَيْفِيَّةُ الْجُلُوسِ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ الْأَوَّلِ وَالْآخَرِ</span>","vol":"3","page":45},{"text":"٣٦١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أُرَاهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، الشَّكُّ مِنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبَّاسَ بْنَ سَهْلٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ، يُخْبِرُ عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِذَا جَلَسَ فِي السَّجْدَتَيْنِ، ثَنَى رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى فَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهَا، وَنَصَبَ قَدَمَهُ الْيُمْنَى، وَإِذَا جَلَسَ فِي الْأَرْبَعِ أَمَاطَ رِجْلَهُ عَنْ وَرِكِهِ، وَأَفْضَى بِمَقْعَدَتِهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، وَنَصَبَ وَرِكَهُ الْيُمْنَى»\n\n٣٦٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا وَقَعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي كِتَابِ الرَّبِيعِ","vol":"3","page":45},{"text":"٣٦٢١ - وَرَوَاهُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، وَهُوَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِلَا شَكٍّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «جَلَسَ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ، فَأَخْرَجَ رِجْلَيْهِ، مِنْ قِبَلِ شِقِّهِ الْأَيْمَنِ، وَأَفْضَى بِمَقْعَدَتِهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ» ⦗٤٦⦘\n\n٣٦٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ صَحِيحٌ. وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، فِيهِ نَظَرٌ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، إِنَّمَا يَرْوِي حَدِيثَ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، وَالْخَطَأُ وَقَعَ مِمَّنْ دُونَ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَكَانَ الْأَصَمُّ يَشُكُ فِيهِ، وَتَابَعَهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، فَالْوَهْمُ وَقَعَ مِنَ الرَّبِيعِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":45},{"text":"٣٦٢٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ ⦗٤٧⦘، أَنَّهُ كَانَ جَالِسًا، مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَذَكَرْنَا صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ: «أَنَا كُنْتُ أَحْفَظَكُمْ لِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، رَأَيْتُهُ إِذَا كَبَّرَ، جَعَلَ يَدَيْهِ حِذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ أَمْكَنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنْ رُكْبَتَيْهِ، ثُمَّ هَصَرَ ظَهْرَهُ، فَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ، اسْتَوَى، حَتَّى يَعُودَ كُلُّ فَقَارٍ مَكَانَهُ، فَإِذَا سَجَدَ وَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ، غَيْرَ مُفْتَرِشٍ، وَلَا قَابِضِهِمَا، وَاسْتَقْبَلَ بِأَطْرَافِ أَصَابِعِ رِجْلَيْهِ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَإِذَا جَلَسَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، جَلَسَ عَلَى رِجْلِهِ الْيُسْرَى، وَإِذَا جَلَسَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ، قَدَّمَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَجَلَسَ عَلَى مَقْعَدَتِهِ»\n\n٣٦٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ هُوَ ابْنُ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ","vol":"3","page":46},{"text":"٣٦٢٥ - قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ جَالِسًا مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ فِي الْجُلُوسِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ: «جَلَسَ عَلَى رِجْلِهِ الْيُسْرَى، وَنَصَبَ الْيُمْنَى» وَقَالَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ: «قَدَّمَ رِجْلِهِ الْيُسْرَى، وَنَصَبَ الْأُخْرَى، وَقَعَدَ عَلَى مَقْعَدَتِهِ»\n\n٣٦٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ النَّسَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ شَاكِرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: سَمِعَ اللَّيْثُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، وَابْنَ حَلْحَلَةَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ\n\n٣٦٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ ابْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ جَالِسًا مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرْنَا صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَحَّ بِذَلِكَ وَصْلُ الْحَدِيثِ وَصِحَّتُهُ","vol":"3","page":47},{"text":"٣٦٢٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِيمَا مَضَى، مِنْ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فِيهِمْ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: \" ثُمَّ يَهْوِي إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَيُجَافِي يَدَيْهِ عَنْ جَنْبَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ، فَيَثْنِي رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، فَيَقْعُدُ عَلَيْهَا، وَيَفْتَحُ أَصَابِعَ رِجْلَيْهِ إِذَا سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ يَعُودُ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ، فَيَقُولُ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، ثُمَّ يَثْنِي رِجْلَهُ، فَيَقْعُدُ عَلَيْهَا مُعْتَدِلًا، ثُمَّ يَصْنَعُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُخْرَى، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ \" وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ: «حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ فِي السَّجْدَةِ، الَّتِي فِيهَا التَّسْلِيمُ، أَخَّرَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَقَعَدَ مُتَوَرِّكًا عَلَى شِقِّهِ الْأَيْسَرِ» فَقَالُوا جَمِيعًا صَدَقَ: هَكَذَا كَانَ يُصَلِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٤٨⦘\n\n٣٦٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْقَزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣٦٣٠ - وَفِي هَذَا كَيْفِيَّةُ الْقُعُودِ فِيمَا بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ، وَبَعْدَ السَّجْدَةِ الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ أَحَالَ الرَّكْعَةَ الْأُخْرَى، عَلَى الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ كَيْفِيَّةَ الْقُعُودِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ","vol":"3","page":47},{"text":"٣٦٣١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ فُلَيْحٍ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ «ثُمَّ جَلَسَ فَافْتَرَشَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَأَقْبَلَ بِصَدْرِ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى قِبْلَتِهِ،\n\n٣٦٣٢ - وَهَذَا فِي التَّشَهُّدِ الْأَوَّلِ» وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ بَيَانُ الْقُعُودِ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ الْآخَرِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُمَا جَمِيعًا فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ،\n\n٣٦٣٣ - وَقَدْ أَبْطَلْنَا فِي مَسْأَلَةِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ، دَعْوَى مَنْ زَعَمَ فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو أَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n٣٦٣٤ - وَكَفَاكَ بِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيِّ، مُنْتَقِدًا لِلرُّوَاةِ، وَعَارِفًا بِصِحَّةِ الْأَسَانِيدِ وَسَقِيمِهَا، وَقَدْ صَحَّحَ حَدِيثَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، وَأَوْدَعَهُ كِتَابَهُ، الْجَامِعَ لِصَحِيحِ الْأَخْبَارِ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا، فَلَا حَجَّةَ لِأَحَدٍ فِي تَرْكِ الْقَوْلِ بِهِ","vol":"3","page":48},{"text":"٣٦٣٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَى مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيِّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ، عَنْ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، \" يَسْتَفْتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ، وَالْقِرَاءَةِ بِـ ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢]، وَكَانَ إِذَا رَكَعَ، لَمْ يُشْخِصْ رَأْسَهُ، وَلَمْ يُصَوِّبْهُ، وَلَكِنْ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ ⦗٤٩⦘ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، لَمْ يَسْجُدْ حَتَّى يَسْتَوِي قَائِمًا، وَكَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السَّجْدَةِ، لَمْ يَسْجُدْ حَتَّى يَسْتَوِي جَالِسًا، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ التَّحِيَّةَ، وَكَانَ يَفْرِشُ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَيَنْصِبُ رِجْلَهُ الْيُمْنَى، وَكَانَ يَنْهَى عَنْ عُقْبَةِ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَيَنْهَى أَنْ يَفتْرِشَ الرَّجُلُ ذِرَاعَيْهِ افْتِراشَ السَّبْعِ، وَكَانَ يَخْتِمُ الصَّلَاةَ بِالتَّسْلِيمِ \"\n\n٣٦٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا: أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السَّعْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْمُعَلِّمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٣٦٣٧ - وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الرِّجْلُ الْيُسْرَى، فَرْشًا لِلرِّجْلِ الْيُمْنَى، كَانَتْ مَقْعَدَتُهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ الْآخَرِ","vol":"3","page":48},{"text":"٣٦٣٨ - وَرُوِيَ مِثْلُ مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ «كَانَ إِذَا جَلَسَ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ، نَصَبَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُمْنَى، وَثَنَى رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَجَلَسَ عَلَى وَرِكِهِ الْيُسْرَى، وَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَرَانِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَحَدَّثَنِي أَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ»\n\n٣٦٣٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مُخْتَصَرًا، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ، ابْنِهِ عَنْهُ بَيَانُ مَا اخْتَصَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":49},{"text":"٣٦٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ، كَانَ يَرَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ «يَتَرَبَّعُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ» قَالَ: فَفَعَلْتُهُ، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ، حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ، فَنَهَانِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا سُنَّةُ الصَّلَاةِ، أَنْ تَنْصِبَ رِجْلَكَ الْيُمْنَى، وَتَثْنِيَ رِجْلَكَ الْيُسْرَى» فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ تَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ رِجْلَيَّ لَا تَحْمِلَانِي»\n\n٣٦٤١ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِيهِ: «وَجَلَسَ عَلَى وَرِكِهِ الْيُسْرَى، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُخَالِفًا، فَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عِنْدَنَا، عَلَى الْقُعُودِ الْأَوَّلِ»،\n\n٣٦٤٢ - وَحَدِيثُ الْقَاسِمِ عَلَى الْقُعُودِ الْآخَرِ، وَبَيَانُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ،\n\n٣٦٤٣ - فَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِجَمِيعِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ، بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ، وَنِعْمَتِهِ.\n\n٣٦٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُعَلِّمُ فِي مَثْنَى، فَإِنَّهُ رَآهُ لَا يُحْسِنُ يَجْلِسُهَا، وَلَمْ يُعَلِّمْهُ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَهُ يُخْطِئُ فِي جِلْسَتِهَا، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا فِي هَذَا بِالسُّنَّةِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، الَّتِي لَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ عَرَفَهَا خِلَافَهَا، يَعْنِي حَدِيثَ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":50},{"text":"٣٦٤٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ وَارِدٌ فِي الْقُعُودِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَهُوَ بَيِّنٌ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ:  «لَأَنْظُرَنَّ إِلَى صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَيْفَ يُصَلِّي؟» قَالَ: «فَقَامَ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَكَبَّرَ، فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، حَتَّى حَاذَى بِهِمَا أُذُنَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَبَضَ بِالْيُمْنَى عَلَى الْيُسْرَى» قَالَ: «ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، حَتَّى حَاذَى بِهِمَا أُذُنَيْهِ، ثُمَّ وَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، وَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ حَتَّى حَاذَى بِهِمَا أُذُنَيْهِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، فَوَضَعَ رَأْسَهُ بَيْنَ كَفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى مِثْلَهَا، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، فَافْتَرَشَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى، ثُمَّ دَعَا» ⦗٥١⦘ قَالَ حَجَّاجٌ: فَوَصَفَ لَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ قَالَ: وَضَعَ كَفَّهُ الْيُسْرَى، عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ الْيُسْرَى، وَكَفَّهُ الْيُمْنَى، عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ الْيُمْنَى، وَدَعَا بِالسَّبَّابَةِ،\n\n٣٦٤٦ - فَهَذَا يُصَرِّحُ لَكَ بِأَنَّهُ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَأَمَّا دُعَاؤُهُ بِالسَّبَّابَةِ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الْإِشَارَةُ عِنْدَ الشَّهَادَةِ.\n\n٣٦٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَحَدَّ مِرْفَقَهُ الْأَيْمَنَ، عَلَى فَخِذِهِ الْيُمْنَى، وَقَبَضَ ثِنْتَيْنِ، وَحَلَّقَ حَلْقَةً»، وَرَأَيْتُهُ يَقُولُ هَكَذَا: «وَحَلَّقَ بِشْرٌ بِالْإِبْهَامِ وَالْوُسْطَى، وَأَشَارَ بِالسَّبَّابَةِ»","vol":"3","page":50},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-173>كَيْفِيَّةُ وَضْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ فِي التَّشَهُّدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"3","page":52},{"text":"٣٦٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُعَاوِيِّ قَالَ: رَآنِي ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَا أَعْبَثُ، بِالْحَصْبَاءِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ نَهَانِي، قَالَ: «اصْنَعْ كَمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصْنَعُ» فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: وَكَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصْنَعُ؟ قَالَ: «كَانَ إِذَا جَلَسَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَضَعَ كَفَّهُ الْيُمْنَى، عَلَى فَخِذِهِ الْيُمْنَى، وَقَبَضَ أَصَابِعَهُ كُلَّهَا، وَأَشَارَ بِإِصْبُعِهِ، الَّتِي تَلِي الْإِبْهَامَ، وَوَضَعَ كَفَّهُ الْيُسْرَى، عَلَى فَخِذِهِ الْيُسْرَى» وَقَالَ: هَكَذَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى ⦗٥٣⦘،\n\n٣٦٤٩ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: «وَعَقَدَ ثَلَاثًا وَخَمْسِينَ، وَأَشَارَ بِالسَّبَّابَةِ»\n\n٣٦٥٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «وَضَعَ إِبْهَامَهُ، عَلَى إِصْبُعِهِ الْوُسْطَى، وَأَشَارَ بِإِصْبُعِهِ السَّبَّابَةِ»،\n\n٣٦٥١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يُجَاوِزُ بَصَرُهُ إِشَارَتَهُ»،\n\n٣٦٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُشِيرُ بِإِصْبُعِهِ، إِذَا دَعَا لَا يُحَرِّكُهَا»\n\n٣٦٥٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «رَافِعًا إِصْبُعَهُ السَّبَّابَةَ، قَدْ حَنَاهَا شَيْئًا، وَهُوَ يَدْعُو»،\n\n٣٦٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ خُفَافِ بْنِ إِيمَاءٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ بِهَا التَّوْحِيدَ،\n\n٣٦٥٥ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «هُوَ الْإِخْلَاصُ»","vol":"3","page":52},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-174>التَّشَهُّدُ</span>","vol":"3","page":54},{"text":"٣٦٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، يُعَلِّمُنَا التَّشَهُّدَ، كَمَا يُعَلِّمُنَا السُّورَةَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَكَانَ يَقُولُ: «التَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلَّهِ، سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، سَلَامٌ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ»\n\n٣٦٥٧ - كَذَا وَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ، الرَّبِيعِ، «وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ»\n\n٣٦٥٨ - وَهُوَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: «وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ» مِنْ غَيْرِ رِوَايَةٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ\n\n٣٦٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَالَ: «وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ» ⦗٥٥⦘\n\n٣٦٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «السَّلَامُ» بِالْأَلْفِ وَاللَّامِ فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ جَمِيعًا.\n\n٣٦٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَابْنِ رُمْحٍ، نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ «كَمَا يُعَلِّمُنَا السُّورَةَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ»\n\n٣٦٦٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ رُمْحٍ «كَمَا يُعَلِّمُنَا الْقُرْآنَ»","vol":"3","page":54},{"text":"٣٦٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَطَاءً، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ،  «لَا يَخْتَلِفَانِ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ»\n\n٣٦٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ أَحَادِيثٌ كُلُّهَا يُخَالِفُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا، وَيُخَالِفُ هَذَا، وَاخْتِلَافُهَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ اخْتِلَافٌ فِي زِيَادَةِ حَرْفٍ أَوْ نَقْصِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذْنَا بِهَذَا، لِأَنَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ أَجْمَعَهَا،\n\n٣٦٦٥ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: فَكَانَ هَذَا أَحَبَّهَا إِلَيْنَا لِأَنَّهُ أَكْمَلُهَا","vol":"3","page":55},{"text":"٣٦٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْفَوَارِسِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي الْفَوَارِسِ أَخُو أَبِي الْفَتْحِ الْحَافِظِ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّوَّافُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ شَقِيقِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: كُنَّا إِذَا صَلَّيْنَا خَلْفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قُلْنَا: السَّلَامُ عَلَى اللَّهِ دُونَ عِبَادِهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَى جِبْرِيلَ، وَمِيكَائِيلَ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ، وَفُلَانٍ، فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: \" السَّلَامُ هُوَ اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَقُلِ: التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، وَالصَّلَوَاتُ ⦗٥٦⦘ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، فَإِنَّكُمْ إِذَا قُلْتُمُوهَا أَصَابَتْ كُلَّ عَبْدٍ صَالِحٍ لِلَّهِ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"3","page":55},{"text":"٣٦٦٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ ح\n\n٣٦٦٨ - قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيْمَنُ بْنُ نَابِلٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُعَلِّمُنَا التَّشَهُّدَ كَمَا يُعَلِّمُنَا السُّورَةَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَبِاللَّهِ، التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، نَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَنَعُوذُ بِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ»\n\n٣٦٦٩ - هَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ شَيْخُنَا فِي كِتَابِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ رَوَاهُ عَلَى لَفْظِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ الْكَشِّيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، قَوْلَهُ: «وَبِاللَّهِ» ⦗٥٧⦘،\n\n٣٦٧٠ - وَقَدْ كَتَبْنَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُعْتَمِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَأَبِي خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرِ، وَأَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ، وَبَكْرِ بْنِ بَكَّارٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ عَنْ أَيْمَنَ بْنِ نَابِلٍ، وَفِيهِ قَوْلُهُ: «وَبِاللَّهِ»","vol":"3","page":56},{"text":"٣٦٧١ - وأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ حِطَّانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرَّقَاشِيِّ، أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ، صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَا فِيهِ: فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: أَمَا تَدْرُونَ كَيْفَ تُصَلُّونَ؟ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، خَطَبَنَا، فَعَلَّمَنَا صَلَاتَنَا، وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقُعُودِ، فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ مَا يَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ: «التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الزَّاكِيَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ»","vol":"3","page":57},{"text":"٣٦٧٢ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَهِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، وَمَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وأَحَالَ رِوَايَةَ جَمِيعِهِمْ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ، عَلَى رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: عَنْ أَبِي كَامِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ: وَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ، فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ: «التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ»\n\n٣٦٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، وَحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَامِلٍ ⦗٥٨⦘، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، فَذَكَرَ فِيهِ: «وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ: «أَشْهَدُ»،\n\n٣٦٧٤ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِمَا عَلَى ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَهِشَامٍ، فَبَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُمَا أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا، وَبَعْضُهُمْ ذَكَرَهُمَا أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا.\n\n٣٦٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَعَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ تَشَهُّدٌ بِخِلَافِ تَشَهُّدِ صَاحِبِهِ","vol":"3","page":57},{"text":"٣٦٧٦ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: وَهُوَ يُعَلِّمُ النَّاسَ التَّشَهُّدَ، يَقُولُ: \" قُولُوا: التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، الزَّاكِيَاتُ لِلَّهِ، الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا، وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ \"\n\n٣٦٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَكَانَ هَذَا الَّذِي عَلَّمَنَا مَنْ سَبَقَنَا بِالْعِلْمِ مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا صِغَارًا، ثُمَّ سَمِعْنَاهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ، وَسَمِعْنَا مَا خَالَفَهُ، فَلَمْ نَسْمَعْ إِسْنَادًا فِي التَّشَهُّدِ يُخَالِفُهُ، وَلَا يُوَافِقُهُ أَثْبَتَ عِنْدَنَا مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُهُ ثَابِتًا.\n\n٣٦٧٨ - فَكَانَ الَّذِي نَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ لَا يُعَلِّمُ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيِّ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَّا عَلَى مَا عَلَّمَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ،\n\n٣٦٧٩ - فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَصْحَابِنَا، حَدِيثٌ يُثْبِتُهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، صِرْنَا إِلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ أَوْلَى بِنَا، يُرِيدُ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"3","page":58},{"text":"٣٦٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ غَيْرُ هَذَا، وَفِيمَا رَوَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَهِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ: فَلْيَقُلْ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ خَيْرِ الْأَسْمَاءِ، وَالتَّحِيَّاتُ» وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"3","page":59},{"text":"٣٦٨١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ ﵁، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ إِذَا تَشَهَّدَ قَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَبِاللَّهِ\n\n٣٦٨٢ -» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا،\n\n٣٦٨٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فِيهِ كَلَامٌ كَثِيرٌ هُمْ يَكْرَهُونَهُ","vol":"3","page":59},{"text":"٣٦٨٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ ﵂، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ ح\n\n٣٦٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ إِذَا تَشَهَّدَتْ: «التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الزَّاكِيَاتُ لِلَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا، وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ» ⦗٦٠⦘،\n\n٣٦٨٦ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ ذَكَرَ إِسْنَادَهُ، وَلَمْ يَسُقْ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا هَذِهِ مَتْنَهُ","vol":"3","page":59},{"text":"٣٦٨٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ﵁، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، التَّشَهُّدَ ح\n\n٣٦٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ بُجَيْدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَتَشَهَّدُ، فَيَقُولُ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ، الزَّاكِيَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا، وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، شَهِدْتُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، شَهِدْتُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ» يَقُولُ هَذَا: فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ، وَيَدْعُو، إِذَا قَضَى تَشْهُدَهُ بِمَا بَدَا لَهُ، فَإِذَا جَلَسَ فِي آخِرِ صَلَاتِهِ، تَشَهَّدَ كَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يُقَدِّمُ التَّشَهُّدَ، ثُمَّ يَدْعُو بِمَا بَدَا لَهُ، فَإِذَا قَضَى تَشْهُدَهُ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ قَالَ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ، عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ، فَإِنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٣٦٨٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ الزَّاكِيَاتُ لِلَّهِ» وَقَالَ: «عَنْ يَمِينِهِ»\n\n٣٦٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، يُخَالِفُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْهُمَا.\n\n٣٦٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ عُقَيْبَ مَا حَكَيْنَا عَنْهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ اخْتِلَافٌ فِي زِيَادَةِ حَرْفٍ، أَوْ نَقْصِهِ، أَوْ لَفْظِ حَرْفٍ بِغَيْرِ مَا تَلَفَّظَ بِهِ فِي الْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ ⦗٦١⦘، فَهِيَ تَحْمِلُ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا اسْمُ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي الْأَلْفَاظِ، وَلَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْمَعْنَى، لِأَنَّهَا كَلِمَةٌ جَامِعَةٌ، إِنَّمَا أُرِيدَ بِهَا تَعْظِيمُ اللَّهِ، وَالصَّلَاةُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ\n\n٣٦٩٢ - قَالَ: وَلَا أَحْسَبُ اخْتِلَافَهُمْ فِي رِوَايَتِهَا، إِلَّا أَنَّ اللَّفْظَ قَدْ يَخْتَلِفُ، إِذَا تُعُلِّمَ بِالْحِفْظِ، فَيَحْفَظُ الرَّجُلُ الْكَلِمَةَ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى دُونَ لَفْظِ الْمُعَلِّمِ، وَيَحْفَظُ الْآخَرُ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى، وَاللَّفْظِ، وَيُسْقِطُ الْآخَرُ الْكَلِمَةَ، فَلَعَلَّ هَذَا أَنْ يَكُونَ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَجَازَهُ لَهُمْ، لِأَنَّهُ ذِكْرٌ كُلُّهُ، لَا يَخْتَلِفُ فِي الْمَعْنَى، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِثَالَ ذَلِكَ أَجَازَتَهُ لَهُمْ، قِرَاءَةَ الْقُرْآنِ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ","vol":"3","page":60},{"text":"٣٦٩٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ هِشَامَ بْنَ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا أَقْرَؤُهَا، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَقْرَأَنِيهَا، فَكِدْتُ أَنْ أَعْجَلَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَمْهَلْتُهُ، حَتَّى انْصَرَفَ، ثُمَّ لَبَّبْتُهُ بِرِدَائِهِ، فَجِئْتُ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ هَذَا يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا أَقْرَأْتَنِيهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اقْرَأْ» فَقَرَأَ الْقِرَاءَةَ، الَّتِي سَمِعْتُهُ يَقْرَأُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ» ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: «اقْرَأْ» فَقَرَأْتُ، فَقَالَ: «هَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ، إِنَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ أُنْزِلَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ، فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ» ⦗٦٢⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٣٦٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَإِذَا جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ، مَا لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ فِيهِ الْمَعْنَى، كَانَ فِي الذِّكْرِ أَجْوَزَ، وَلَعَلَّ هَذَا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا أَثْبَتُوا مِنْ حِفْظِهِمْ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَفْظًا، أَوْ مَعْنًى، فَرَأَوْهُ وَاسِعًا، فَأَدَّوْهُ: اللَّفْظُ لَفْظٌ، وَالْمَعْنَى مَعْنًى\n\n٣٦٩٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُ التَّابِعِينَ، أَنَّهُ لَقِيَ نَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَاخْتَلَفُوا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فِي اللَّفْظِ، وَاجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْمَعْنَى، فَسَأَلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقِيلَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ، مَا لَمْ يُحَوَّلِ الْمَعْنَى مِنْ حَلَالٍ، إِلَى حَرَامٍ، أَوْ حَرَامٍ إِلَى حَلَالٍ ⦗٦٣⦘،\n\n٣٦٩٦ - وَلَعَلَّ مَنْ رَوَى تَشَهُّدَهُ، لَا يَعْزِيهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِنَّمَا تَوَسَّعُوا فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، وَكَذَا حَفِظُوا، فَرَوَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا حَفِظَ، وَنَحْنُ نَزْعُمُ أَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذَا التَّشَهُّدِ يُجْزِئُ، وَنَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ تَرْكُ التَّشَهُّدِ،\n\n٣٦٩٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ حِينَ عَلَّمَهُ التَّشَهُّدَ: «فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُكَ»","vol":"3","page":61},{"text":"٣٦٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْحَرِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُخَيْمِرَةَ قَالَ: أَخَذَ عَلْقَمَةُ بِيَدِي، وَحَدَّثَنِي أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ أَخَذَهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَخَذَ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَعَلَّمَهُ التَّشَهُّدَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ: \" قُلْ: التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا، وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ \"\n\n٣٦٩٩ - قَالَ أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَهُ قَالَ: «أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» إِذَا فَعَلْتَ هَذَا، أَوْ قَضَيْتَ هَذَا، فَقَدْ قَضَيْتَ صَلَاتَكَ، إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَقُومَ، فَقُمْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَقْعُدَ، فَاقْعُدْ\n\n٣٧٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ذَهَبَ الْحُفَّاظُ إِلَى أَنَّ هَذَا وَهْمٌ، وَأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: «إِذَا فَعَلْتَ هَذَا، أَوْ قَضَيْتَ هَذَا، فَقَدْ قَضَيْتَ صَلَاتَكَ» مِنْ قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَأُدْرِجَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n٣٧٠١ - وَرَوَاهُ شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ، فَمَيَّزَهُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ⦗٦٤⦘،\n\n٣٧٠٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُرِّ، فَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n٣٧٠٣ - وَذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، إِلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ، كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ التَّسْلِيمُ،\n\n٣٧٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كُنَّا نَقُولُ: قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ التَّشَهُّدُ \"،\n\n٣٧٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا صَلَاةَ، إِلَّا بِتَشَهُّدٍ»،\n\n٣٧٠٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَجُوزُ صَّلَاةٌ، إِلَّا بِتَشَهُّدٍ»","vol":"3","page":63},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-175>الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ</span>","vol":"3","page":65},{"text":"٣٧٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" قُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَزْوَاجِهِ، وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَزْوَاجِهِ، وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ، عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":65},{"text":"٣٧٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُجْمَرِ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ هُوَ الَّذِي أُرِيَ النِّدَاءَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، عَنِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَتَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَجْلِسِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ بَشِيرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: أَمَرَنَا اللَّهُ أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْكَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، فَكَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ؟ فَسَكَتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، حَتَّى تَمَنَّيْنَا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" قُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعَالَمِينَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ \"\n\n٣٧٠٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، وَزَادَ: «وَالسَّلَامُ كَمَا قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":66},{"text":"٣٧١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ ⦗٦٧⦘: أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ، حَتَّى جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَمَّا السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ، فَقَدْ عَرَفْنَاهُ، فَكَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ، إِذْ نَحْنُ صَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْكَ فِي صَلَاتِنَا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ؟ قَالَ: فَصَمَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى أَحْبَبْنَا أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" إِذْ أَنْتُمْ صَلَّيْتُمْ عَلَيَّ، فَقُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ \"\n\n٣٧١١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: وَلَمْ أَظْفَرْ بِأَصْلِ سَمَاعِي لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَحْدَهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي فِي الصَّلَاةِ، عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِذَا الْمَرْءُ الْمُسْلِمُ، صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ فِي صَلَاتِهِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٣٧١٢ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَفِيهِ بَيَانُ مَوْضِعِ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ مِنَ الشَّرِيعَةِ","vol":"3","page":66},{"text":"٣٧١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" فَرَضَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ، الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ، يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ فَرْضُ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ أَوْلَى مِنْهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ \"،\n\n٣٧١٤ - وَوَجَدْنَا الدَّلَالَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ، عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرْضٌ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":67},{"text":"٣٧١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ، يَعْنِي فِي الصَّلَاةِ؟ قَالَ: \" تَقُولُونَ: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ \"،\n\n٣٧١٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثُمَّ تُسْلِمُونَ عَلَيَّ»","vol":"3","page":68},{"text":"٣٧١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعْدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ: «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ»","vol":"3","page":68},{"text":"٣٧١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَكَمُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: لَقِيَنِي كَعْبُ بْنُ عُجْرَةَ، فَقَالَ: أَلَا أُهْدِي لَكَ هَدِيَّةَ؟ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْنَا: قَدْ عَرَفْنَا كَيْفَ نُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْكَ، فَكَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ قَالَ: \" قُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ \" ⦗٦٩⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ،\n\n٣٧١٩ - وَفِيهِ كَالدِّلَالَةِ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، لِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُمْ: قَدْ عَرَفْنَا كَيْفَ نُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْكَ، إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى السَّلَامِ، الَّذِي عَرَفُوهُ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ، فَقَوْلُهُمْ: كَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ؟ يَعْنُونَ فِي الْقُعُودِ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":68},{"text":"٣٧٢٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمُهَيْمِنِ بْنِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا صَلَاةَ، لِمَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ»،\n\n٣٧٢١ - وَعَبْدُ الْمُهَيْمِنِ هَذَا غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"3","page":69},{"text":"٣٧٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَوْ صَلَّيْتُ صَلَاةً، لَا أُصَلِّي فِيهَا عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، مَا رَأَيْتُ أَنَّهَا تَتِمُّ»،\n\n٣٧٢٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ»\n\n٣٧٢٤ - وَجَابِرٌ هَذَا هُوَ الْجُعْفِيُّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"3","page":69},{"text":"٣٧٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ، عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ، فَلْيُعِدْ صَلَاتَهُ» أَوْ قَالَ: «لَا تُجْزِئُ صَلَاتُهُ»\n\n٣٧٢٦ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، اخْتِلَافَ النَّاسِ فِي آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ: أَنَّهُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ، الَّذِينَ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ، وَجُعِلَ لَهُمْ سَهْمُ ذِي الْقُرْبَى، مِنْ خُمُسِ الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَا لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْنَا الصَّدَقَةَ، وَعَوَّضَنَا مِنْهَا الْخُمُسَ»،\n\n٣٧٢٧ - وَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١]، فَأَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى: بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ،\n\n٣٧٢٨ - دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِينَ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ، وَعَوَّضَهُمْ مِنْهَا الْخُمُسَ، وَالَّذِينَ أَعْطَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ الْخُمُسَ، هُمْ: آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ الَّذِينَ أُمِرْنَا بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِمْ، مَعَهُ","vol":"3","page":70},{"text":"٣٧٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْغَافِقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ ⦗٧١⦘ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ الْهَاشِمِيَّ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ، وَالْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، قَالَا لِعَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَالْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ: أَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي إِتْيَانِهِمَا لِيَسْتَعْمِلَهُمَا عَلَى الصَّدَقَاتِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَنَا: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَاتِ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَوْسَاخُ النَّاسِ، وَلَا تَحِلُّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَا لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ","vol":"3","page":70},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-176>قَدْرُ الْجُلُوسِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ، وَالْأُخْرَيَيْنِ</span>","vol":"3","page":72},{"text":"٣٧٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ كَأَنَّهُ عَلَى الرَّضْفِ» قُلْتُ: حَتَّى يَقُومَ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ يُرِيدُ\n\n٣٧٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَفِي هَذَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَزِيدَ فِي الْجُلُوسِ الْأَوَّلِ عَلَى التَّشَهُّدِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبِذَلِكَ آمُرُهُ ⦗٧٣⦘،\n\n٣٧٣٢ - وَإِذَا وَصَفَ إِخْفَافَهُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ، فَفِيهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَزِيدُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ، عَلَى قَدْرِ جُلُوسِهِ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ،\n\n٣٧٣٣ - وَلِذَلِكَ أُحِبُّ لِكُلِّ مُصَلٍّ أَنْ يَزِيدَ عَلَى التَّشَهُّدِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ، وَتَحْمِيدَهُ، وَدُعَاءَهُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ\n\n٣٧٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي اسْتَحَبَّهُ مَوْجُودٌ","vol":"3","page":72},{"text":"فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ هَانِئٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْجَنْبِيِّ هُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، رَأَى رَجُلًا صَلَّى لَمْ يَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ وَلَمْ يُمَجِّدْهُ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَانْصَرَفَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَجَّلَ هَذَا» فَدَعَاهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ، وَلِغَيْرِهِ: «إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ، فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِتَمْجِيدِ رَبِّهِ، وَالثَّنَاءِ عَلَيْهِ، وَلْيُصَلِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ يَدْعُو بِمَا شَاءَ» ٣٧٣٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ شَقِيقِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: «ثُمَّ لِيَتَخَيَّرْ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ، أَعْجَبَهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَيَدَعُوَ بِهِ»،\n٣٧٣٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى، «ثُمَّ يَتَخَيَّرُ بَعْدُ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ مَا شَاءَ»","vol":"3","page":73},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-177>الْقِرَاءَةُ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ</span>\n٣٧٣٧ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَنْصِتُوا﴾ [الأعراف: ٢٠٤]\n٣٧٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَهَذَا عِنْدَنَا عَلَى الْقِرَاءَةِ الَّتِي تُسْمَعُ خَاصَّةً\n٣٧٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «يَقْرَأُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَسَمِعَ قِرَاءَةَ، فَتًى مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ»\n٣٧٤٠ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي خُطْبَةِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ» ⦗٧٥⦘\n٣٧٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانُوا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ»\n٣٧٤٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ قُرَّةَ ٣٧٤٣ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي رَفْعِ الْأَصْوَاتِ، وَهُمْ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ» ٣٧٤٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَبَّرَ الْإِمَامُ، فَكَبِّرُوا، وَإِذَا قَرَأَ فَأَنْصِتُوا»\n٣٧٤٥ - وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ الْحُفَّاظُ عَلَى خَطَأِ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَأَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِمَحْفُوظَةٍ: يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، وَأَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ","vol":"3","page":74},{"text":"٣٧٤٦ - وَمَنْ قَالَ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ: إِنَّمَا اعْتَمَدَ عَلَى مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ ح\n\n٣٧٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أُكَيْمَةَ اللَّيْثِيُّ، عَنِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، انْصَرَفَ مِنْ صَلَاةٍ جَهَرَ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ قَالَ: «هَلْ قَرَأَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مَعِي آنِفًا» قَالَ رَجُلٌ: نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" إِنِّي أَقُولُ: مَا لِي أُنَازَعُ الْقُرْآنَ \" قَالَ: فَانْتَهَى النَّاسُ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فِيمَا جَهَرَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهُ ﷺ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، حِينَ سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ، مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٧٦⦘\n\n٣٧٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ ابْنُ أُكَيْمَةَ، وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَ الزُّهْرِيِّ مِنْ مَعْرِفَتِهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَنْ رَآهُ يُحَدِّثُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي اسْمِهِ، فَقِيلَ: عُمَارَةُ، وَقِيلَ: عَمَّارٌ قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ\n\n٣٧٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَوْلُهُ فَانْتَهَى النَّاسُ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ، مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فِيمَا جَهَرَ فِيهِ، مِنْ قَوْلِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n٣٧٥٠ - قَالَهُ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، صَاحِبُ الزُّهْرِيَّاتِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ،\n\n٣٧٥١ - وَاسْتَدَلُّوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِرِوَايَةِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، حِينَ مَيَّزَهُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ ⦗٧٧⦘ قَوْلِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَكَيْفَ يَصِحُّ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ، فِيمَا جَهَرَ بِهِ وَفِيمَا خَافَتَ،\n\n٣٧٥٢ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي يُرْوَى فِيهِ، مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، دُونَ مَا بَعْدَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي مَعْنَى مَا رَوَاهُ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ فِي مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ","vol":"3","page":75},{"text":"٣٧٥٣ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، سَمِعَ زُرَارَةَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَوْفَى، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، صَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ الظُّهْرَ، فَقَالَ: «أَيُّكُمْ قَرَأَ بِ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى؟» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قَدْ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا خَالَجَنِيهَا»\n\n٣٧٥٤ - قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: فَقُلْتُ لِقَتَادَةَ: كَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَوْ كَرِهَهُ، لَنَهَى عَنْهُ.\n\n٣٧٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَإِنَّ ابْنَ أُكَيْمَةَ حَفِظَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي صَلَاةٍ جَهَرَ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، فَكَانَ بَعْضُ مَنْ كَانَ يُصَلِّي خَلْفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، جَهَرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ خَلْفَهُ، فِيمَا جَهَرَ بِهِ، وَفِيمَا خَافَتَ، فَقَالَ مَا رُوِيَ فِي الْقِصَّتَيْنِ: وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ","vol":"3","page":77},{"text":"٣٧٥٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «يَنْهَى عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ» ⦗٧٨⦘\n\n٣٧٥٧ - وَفِي سُؤَالِ شُعْبَةَ، وَجَوَابِ قَتَادَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ، تَكْذِيبُ مَنْ قَلَبَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، وَأَتَى فِيهِ بِمَا لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ الثِّقَاتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ قَتَادَةَ،\n\n٣٧٥٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَتْ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ، بِعَيْنِهَا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، وَفِيهَا زِيَادَةٌ، لَيْسَتْ فِي رِوَايَةِ عِمْرَانَ","vol":"3","page":77},{"text":"٣٧٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُرَيْشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُقْبَةُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الظُّهْرَ، أَوِ الْعَصْرَ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَرَأَ خَلْفِي بِ سَبَّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ أَحَدٌ» فَرَدَّدَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثًا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: «لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُكَ تُخَالِجُنِي» أَوْ قَالَ: «تُنَازِعُنِي الْقُرْآنَ، مَنْ صَلَّى مِنْكُمْ خَلْفَ إِمَامِهِ، فَقِرَاءَتُهُ لَهُ قِرَاءَةٌ»\n\n٣٧٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، بِمَرْوَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبَلْخِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ وَهُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: انْصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، مِنْ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، أَوِ الْعَصْرِ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ، «لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُكَ تُنَازِعُنِي، أَوْ تُخَالِجُنِي الْقُرْآنَ»، لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"3","page":78},{"text":"٣٧٦١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ بِعَيْنِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ صَلَّى، فَكَانَ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ يَقْرَأُ، فَجَعَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَنْهَاهُ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ، أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ: أَتَنْهَانِي عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَتَنازَعَا، حَتَّى ذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَنْ صَلَّى خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ، فَإِنَّ قِرَاءَةَ الْإِمَامِ لَهُ قِرَاءَةٌ»\n\n٣٧٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْكَلَامُ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ، قَدْ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَشُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ وَأَبُو عَوَانَةَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٣٧٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، مُرْسَلًا مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"3","page":79},{"text":"٣٧٦٤ - وَرَوَى جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَلَيْثُ ابْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِمَامٌ، فَقِرَاءَةُ الْإِمَامِ لَهُ قِرَاءَةٌ»،\n\n٣٧٦٥ - وَكُلُّ مَنْ تَابَعَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ مِنْهُمَا، أَوْ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا","vol":"3","page":79},{"text":"٣٧٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَلَمَةَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهَ، يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى الرَّازِيَّ الْحَافِظَ، عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ الْمَرْوِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِمَامٌ، فَقِرَاءَةُ الْإِمَامِ لَهُ قِرَاءَةٌ»، فَقَالَ: لَمْ يَصِحَّ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ، إِنَّمَا اعْتَمَدَ مَشَايِخُنَا فِيهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَالصَّحَابَةِ ⦗٨٠⦘\n\n٣٧٦٧ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَعْجَبَنِي هَذَا لَمَّا سَمِعْتُهُ، فَإِنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى، أَحْفَظُ مَنْ رَأَيْنَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ، عَلَى أَدِيمِ الْأَرْضِ\n٣٧٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَإِنْ صَحَّ شَيْءٌ مَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَفِيمَا رُوِّينَا فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الْأَوَّلِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى السَّبَبِ الَّذِي وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا الْكَلَامُ،\n\n٣٧٦٩ - وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ النُّقَبَاءِ لَيْلَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ،\n\n٣٧٧٠ - وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قِصَّةُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أُكَيْمَةَ بِعَيْنِهَا، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ قِرَاءَةَ الْإِمَامِ لَهُ قِرَاءَةً فِي قِرَاءَةِ السُّورَةِ، وَفِي الْجَهْرِ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، دُونَ قِرَاءَةِ الْفَاتِحَةِ،\n٣٧٧١ - وَخَبَرُ عُبَادَةَ مُفَسَّرٌ، ذَكَرَ فِيهِ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ، وَمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى مِنْ غَيْرِهِ،\n\n٣٧٧٢ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ رِوَايَةُ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَحْفَظَ، لِمَوَافَقَتِهَا فِي الْقِصَّةِ الْأُولَى رِوَايَةَ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَمُوَافَقَتِهَا سَائِرَ الرُّوَاةِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْقِصَّةِ الْأُخْرَى، دُونَ ذِكْرِ جَابِرٍ فِيهَا، فَإِنَّ غَيْرَهُ رَوَاهَا مُرْسَلَةً،\n\n٣٧٧٣ - ثُمَّ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ الْأُخْرَى بَعْدَ الْأُولَى، لِمَعْرِفَةِ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ، كَرَاهِيَةَ الْقِرَاءَةِ خَلْفَهُ، بِمَا شَهِدَ مِنْهُ فِي الْقِصَّةِ الْأُولَى،\n\n٣٧٧٤ - ثُمَّ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ الْأُخْرَى، هِيَ الْقِصَّةُ الَّتِي رَوَاهَا عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ، وَابْنُ أُكَيْمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ ابْنَ شَدَّادٍ، حَفِظَ فِيهَا إِنْكَارَ الصَّحَابِيِّ، وَالنَّهْيَ مُطْلَقًا، وَلَمْ يَحْفَظِ اسْتِثْنَاءَ الْفَاتِحَةِ،\n\n٣٧٧٥ - وَعُبَادَةُ حَفِظَ إِنْكَارَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قِرَاءَةَ مَنْ قَرَأَ خَلْفَهُ، ثُمَّ نَهْيُهُ عَنْهَا، وَأَمْرَهُ بِقِرَاءَةِ الْفَاتِحَةِ، وَإِخْبَارِهِ، بِأَنَّ لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ قِصَّةٌ أُخْرَى، فَحَدِيثُ عُبَادَةَ زَائِدٌ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":79},{"text":"٣٧٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْوَهْبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ح ⦗٨١⦘\n\n٣٧٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، لِأَبِي دَاوُدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ: كُنَّا خَلْفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، فَقَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَثَقُلَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْقِرَاءَةُ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ: «لَعَلَّكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ خَلْفَ إِمَامِكُمْ» قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ، هَذَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «لَا تَفْعَلُوا إِلَّا بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِهَا»\n\n٣٧٧٨ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَ فِيهِ سَمَاعَ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ مِنْ مَكْحُولٍ، فَصَارَ الْحَدِيثُ بِذَلِكَ مَوْصُولًا صَحِيحًا","vol":"3","page":80},{"text":"٣٧٧٩ - وَرِوَايَةُ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا صَلَاةَ، لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ»، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُخْتَصَرَةً، فَهِيَ لِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ شَاهِدَةٌ","vol":"3","page":81},{"text":"٣٧٨٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَى زَيْدُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، وَمَكْحُولٍ عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ مَحْمُودٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ، يَقْرَأُ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ يَجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، فَقُلْتُ: رَأَيْتُكَ صَنَعْتَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ شَيْئًا قَالَ: وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ قُلْتُ: سَمِعْتُكَ تَقْرَأُ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ يَجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ قَالَ: نَعَمْ صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَعْضَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، الَّتِي يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَقْرَأُ شَيْئًا، مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، إِذَا جَهَرْتُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ» قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" وَأَنَا أَقُولُ: مَا لِي أُنَازَعُ الْقُرْآنَ، لَا يَقْرَأَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ شَيْئًا، مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، إِذَا جَهَرْتُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، إِلَّا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ \"\n\n٣٧٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَاعِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَنْجُوَيْهِ، وَأَبُو زُرْعَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ الصُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَدَقَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٣٧٨٢ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ، وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ\n\n٣٧٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ،\n\n٣٧٨٤ - وَمَكْحُولٌ سَمِعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، مِنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَمِنِ ابْنِهِ نَافِعِ بْنِ مَحْمُودٍ، وَنَافِعُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ، وَأَبُوهُ مَحْمُودُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، سَمِعَا مَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ⦗٨٣⦘\n\n٣٧٨٥ - قَالَهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ عَنْهُ","vol":"3","page":82},{"text":"٣٧٨٦ - وَفِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَالرَّبِيعِ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ: أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، عَمَّنْ شَهِدَ ذَلِكَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُمْ: «أَتَقْرَءُونَ، وَأَنَا أَقْرَأُ» فَأَجَابُوهُ بِشَيْءٍ قَالَ: «فَلْيَقْرَأْ أَحَدُكُمْ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فِي نَفْسِهِ»\n\n٣٧٨٧ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا، عَنْ وهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، نَحْوَهُ","vol":"3","page":83},{"text":"٣٧٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْفَرَّاءُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، عَمَّنْ شَهِدَ ذَاكَ قَالَ: صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ: «تَقْرَءُونَ، وَالْإِمَامُ يَقْرَأُ» قَالُوا: إِنَّا لَنَفْعَلُ قَالَ: «فَلَا تَفْعَلُوا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَقْرَأَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ فِي نَفْسِهِ أُمَّ الْكِتَابِ»،\n\n٣٧٨٩ - تَابَعَهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ","vol":"3","page":83},{"text":"٣٧٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٨٤⦘: «لَعَلَّكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ، وَالْإِمَامُ يُقِرَّأُ» قَالُوا: إِنَّا لَنَفْعَلُ قَالَ: «فَلَا تَفْعَلُوا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَقْرَأَ أَحَدُكُمْ، بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n٣٧٩١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٣٧٩٢ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَأَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كُلُّهُمْ ثِقَةٌ، فَتَرْكُ ذِكْرِ أَسْمَائِهِمْ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ، لَا يَضُرُّ إِذَا لَمْ يُعَارِضْهُ مَا هُوَ أَصَحُّ مِنْهُ،\n\n٣٧٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، فَأَرْسَلَهُ، وَالَّذِي وَصَلَهُ حُجَّةٌ،\n\n٣٧٩٤ - وَرِوَايَةُ أَيُّوبَ لَهُ شَاهِدَةٌ، وَهِيَ فِي تَارِيخِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، عَنْ مُؤَمَّلٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":83},{"text":"٣٧٩٥ - قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، قُلْتُ لِأَبِي قِلَابَةَ: مَنْ حَدَّثَكَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: «مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ مَوْلَى لِبَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، كَانَ خَرَجَ مَعَ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ، حَيْثُ خَرَجُوا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ»\n\n٣٧٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":84},{"text":"٣٧٩٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَصَاحِبَيْهِ، بِمَا رَوَى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ صَلَاةٍ، لَمْ يُقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ» فَقَالَ لَهُ حَامِلُ حَدِيثِهِ هَذَا: إِنِّي أَكُونُ أَحْيَانًا خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ قَالَ: «اقْرَأْ بِهَا يَا فَارِسِيُّ فِي نَفْسِكَ» ⦗٨٥⦘\n\n٣٧٩٨ - وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ حَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِتَفْسِيرِهِ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ شَهِدَ مِنْ تَفْسِيرِهِ، مَا لَمْ يُشْهِدْهُ غَيْرُهُ، مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ، وَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فِيمَا سَبَقَ\n\n٣٧٩٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ: إِنِّي أَسْمَعُ قِرَاءَةَ الْإِمَامِ، فَقَالَ: يَا فَارِسِيُّ، أَوْ يَا ابْنَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، اقْرَأْ بِهَا فِي نَفْسِكَ","vol":"3","page":84},{"text":"٣٨٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ جَوَّابٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ التَّيْمِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: أَقْرَأُ وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: وَإِنْ قَرَأْتَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ قَرَأْتُ»","vol":"3","page":85},{"text":"٣٨٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ جَوَّابٍ التَّيْمِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْتَشِرِ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ، خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ، فَقَالَ: «اقْرَأْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ» قُلْتُ: وَإِنْ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ كُنْتُ أَنَا» قُلْتُ: وَإِنْ جَهَرْتَ؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ جَهَرْتُ»","vol":"3","page":85},{"text":"٣٨٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَنْ يُقْرَأَ، خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَسُورَةٍ، وَفِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ»","vol":"3","page":86},{"text":"٣٨٠٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمْدُونٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «اقْرَأْ فِي صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ، بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَسُورَةٍ»\n\n٣٨٠٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ أَبِيهِ فِيهِ، وَسَمَاعُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، مِنْ عَلِيٍّ صَحِيحٌ.\n\n٣٨٠٥ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى خَطَأِ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ بِخِلَافِهِ، أَوْ أُرِيدَ بِهِ تَرَكُ الْجَهْرِ دُونَ أَصْلِ الْقِرَاءَةِ","vol":"3","page":86},{"text":"٣٨٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ ⦗٨٧⦘ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ:  «اقْرَأْ فِيمَا أَدْرَكْتَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ»\n\n٣٨٠٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقْرَأُ فِي الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ\n\n٣٨٠٨ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ، عَلَى أَنَّ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ، فَقَالَ: «أَنْصِتْ لِلْقُرْآنِ، فَإِنَّ فِي الصَّلَاةِ شُغُلًا، وَسَيَكْفِيكَ ذَلِكَ الْإِمَامُ» إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ صَلَاةً يَجْهَرُ الْإِمَامُ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، أَوْ قِرَاءَةَ السُّورَةِ، أَوْ تَرْكَ الْجَهْرِ بِقِرَاءَةِ نَفْسِهِ ⦗٨٨⦘.\n\n٣٨٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْفَقِيرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" كُنَّا نَقْرَأُ فِي الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ: بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، وَسُورَةٍ، وَفِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ: بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ \"\n\n٣٨١٠ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ، عَلَى أَنَّ مَا رَوَى عَنْهُ وَهْبُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: «مَنْ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً، لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ، إِلَّا وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ» إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ صَلَاةً يَجْهَرُ الْإِمَامُ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، أَوْ إِذَا أَدْرَكَهُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ.\n\n٣٨١١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَتْرُكْ قِرَاءَةَ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ جَهَرَ، أَوْ لَمْ يَجْهَرْ»،\n\n٣٨١٢ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ مَا رَوَى كَثِيرُ بْنُ مُرَّةَ، مَنْ قَوْلِهِ: «لَا أَرَى الْإِمَامَ، إِذَا أُمَّ الْقَوْمَ، إِلَّا قَدْ كَفَاهُمْ، إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ صَلَاةً يَجْهَرُ الْإِمَامُ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ» أَوْ أَرَادَ بِهِ أَنَّهُ يَكْفِيهِمْ قِرَاءَةَ السُّورَةِ، وَالْجَهْرَ بِالْفَاتِحَةِ\n\n٣٨١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَنَسٍ، وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ\n\n٣٨١٤ - وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَهِشَامِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَقْرَآنِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ\n\n٣٨١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا لَا يَرَيَانِ الْقِرَاءَةَ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ ⦗٨٩⦘\n\n٣٨١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي مِنْ رَبِّ، هَذِهِ الْبُنَيَّةِ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ صَلَاةً، لَا أَقْرَأُ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ»\n\n٣٨١٧ - وَكَأَنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ شَاهَدَ كَرَاهِيَتَهُ لَهَا حِينَ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، أَوْ نَهْيَهُ عَنْهَا، حِينَ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ اسْتِثْنَاءَهُ قِرَاءَةَ الْفَاتِحَةِ، حِينَ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ، فَلِذَلِكَ اخْتَلَفُوا،\n\n٣٨١٨ - فَالَّذِينَ سَمِعُوا الْكَرَاهِيَةَ، أَوِ النَّهْيَ دُونَ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ، حَمْلَهَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى صَلَاةٍ يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ،\n\n٣٨١٩ - وَمَنْ سَمِعَ النَّهْيَ، وَالِاسْتِثْنَاءَ، حَمَلَ النَّهْيَ، وَالْكَرَاهِيَةَ عَلَى الْجَهْرِ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِي جَمِيعِ الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَعَلَى قِرَاءَةِ السُّورَةِ فِيمَا يَجْهَرُ فِيهِ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، دُونَ قِرَاءَةِ الْفَاتِحَةِ سِرًّا فِي الصَّلَوَاتِ كُلِّهِنَّ،\n\n٣٨٢٠ - فَفِيمَا رُوِّينَا أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ فِيَ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، حِينَ سَمِعَ الْقِرَاءَةَ، خَلْفَهُ قَالَ: مَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ،\n\n٣٨٢١ - وَفِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، حِينَ سَمِعَ الْقِرَاءَةَ خَلْفَهُ قَالَ: مَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عُبَادَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ،\n\n٣٨٢٢ - فَهُمَا قِصَّتَانِ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَغِيبَ عَنْ إِحْدَيْهِمَا، بَعْضُ مَنْ شَهِدَ الْأُخْرَى،\n\n٣٨٢٣ - وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَغِيبَ بَعْضُ كَلَامِهِ فِيهَا، عَنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ شَهِدَهَا، فَكُلُّ مَنْ شَهِدَهَا فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، وَسَمِعَ كَلَامَهُ بِأَجْمَعِهِ، حَفِظَ فِيهَا مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ، وَمَا اسْتَثْنَاهُ، وَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ لَا تُجْزِئُ دُونَ الْقِرَاءَةِ، فَالْحُكْمُ لَهُ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":86},{"text":"٣٨٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «لَا تُجْزِئُ صَلَاةُ الْمَرْءِ، حَتَّى يَقْرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ إِمَامًا، كَانَ أَوْ مَأْمُومًا، كَانَ الْإِمَامُ يَجْهَرُ، أَوْ يُخَافِتُ، فَعَلَى الْمَأْمُومِ، أنْ يَقْرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، فِيمَا خَافَتَ الْإِمَامُ، أَوْ جَهَرَ»\n\n٣٨٢٥ - قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الرَّبِيعُ: وَهَذَا آخِرُ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵁ سَمَاعًا مِنْهُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ: «لَا يَقْرَأُ الْمَأْمُومُ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ، فِيمَا يَجْهَرُ الْإِمَامُ فِيهِ، وَيَقْرَأُ فِيمَا يُخَافِتُ فِيهِ»،\n\n٣٨٢٦ - زَادَ عَلَى هَذَا فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، فَقَالَ: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَكْتَةِ الْإِمَامِ.\n\n٣٨٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِذَلِكَ أَمَرَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمَكْحُولٌ،\n\n٣٨٢٨ - وَقَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: لِلْإِمَامِ سَكْتَتَانِ، فَاغْتَنِمُوا فِيهِمَا الْقِرَاءَةَ","vol":"3","page":90},{"text":"٣٨٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَنَّانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «يَسْكُتُ سَكْتَتَيْنِ، إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ» ⦗٩١⦘،\n\n٣٨٣٠ - فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ عَلَى سَمُرَةَ، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ: أَنْ صَدَقَ سَمُرَةُ\n\n٣٨٣١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، دُونَ بَيَانِ السَّكْتَتَيْنِ، قُلْنَا لِقَتَادَةَ: مَا السَّكْتَتَانِ؟ قَالَ: سَكْتَةٌ حِينَ يُكَبِّرُ، وَالْأُخْرَى حِينَ يَفْرُغُ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ عنْدَ الرُّكُوعِ،\n\n٣٨٣٢ - ثُمَّ قَالَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى: سَكْتَةٌ حِينَ يُكَبِّرُ، وَالْأُخْرَى إِذَا قَالَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧]\n\n٣٨٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَلَا يَسْكُتُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، قَبْلَ الْقِرَاءَةِ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنَ الْفَاتِحَةِ\n\n٣٨٣٤ - فَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِذَا نَهَضَ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ اسْتَفْتَحَ الْقِرَاءَةَ، وَلَمْ يَسْكُتْ»،\n\n٣٨٣٥ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ، لَمْ يَسْكُتْ سُكُوتَهُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى.\n\n٣٨٣٦ - وَأَمَّا فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى بَيْنَ التَّكْبِيرِ، وَالْقِرَاءَةِ، فَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِذَا كَبَّرَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، سَكَتَ هُنَيَّةً، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ، وَأُمِّي، أَرَأَيْتَ سُكُوتَكَ بَيْنَ التَّكْبِيرِ وَالْقِرَاءَةِ، مَا تَقُولُ؟ قَالَ: \" أَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ بَاعِدْ بَيْنِي، وَبَيْنَ خَطَايَايَ كَمَا بَاعَدْتَ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ، وَالْمَغْرِبِ ⦗٩٢⦘، اللَّهُمَّ نَقِّنِيَ مَنْ خَطَايَايَ، كَمَا يُنَقَّى الثَّوْبُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْسِلْنِي مِنْ خَطَايَايَ بِالثَّلْجِ وَالْمَاءِ وَالْبَرَدِ \"،\n\n٣٨٣٧ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْجَهْرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ يُسَمَّى: سَاكِتًا مُنْصِتًا لِقِرَاءَةِ الْإِمَامِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي نَفْسِهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":90},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-178>السَّلَامُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":93},{"text":"٣٨٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْهَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، - وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ»\n\n٣٨٣٩ - قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"3","page":93},{"text":"٣٨٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ ثَابِتِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ ⦗٩٤⦘ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُسَلِّمُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ تَسْلِيمَتَيْنِ: تَسْلِيمَةً عَنْ يَمِينِهِ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ»، وَتَسْلِيمَةً عَنْ يَسَارِهِ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ»، حَتَّى يُرَى بَيَاضُ خَدَّيْهِ مَنْ هَاهُنَا، وَهَاهُنَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٣٨٤١ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ مُخْتَصَرًا، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ","vol":"3","page":93},{"text":"٣٨٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ بُخْتٍ، عَنْ وَاثِلَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْقَعِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ حَتَّى يُرَى خَدَّاهُ»","vol":"3","page":94},{"text":"٣٨٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبَّاسَ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، يُخْبِرُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ إِذَا فَرَغَ مَنْ صَلَاتِهِ، عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ»","vol":"3","page":94},{"text":"٣٨٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ ⦗٩٥⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ «يُسَلِّمُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ»\n\n٣٨٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: وَقَالَ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ»","vol":"3","page":94},{"text":"٣٨٤٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ وَاسِعٍ قَالَ مَرَّةً: عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمَرَّةً عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ» يُسَلِّمُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ \"","vol":"3","page":95},{"text":"٣٨٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مِسْعَرِ بْنِ كِدَامٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْقِبْطِيَّةِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ قَالَ أَحَدُنَا بِيَدِهِ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" مَا بَالُكُمْ تَرْمُونَ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ، كَأَنَّهَا أَذْنَابُ خَيْلٍ شُمْسٍ؟ أَوَ لَا يَكْفِي أَحَدَكُمْ، أَوْ إِنَّمَا يَكْفِي أَحَدَكُمْ أَنْ يَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ \" ⦗٩٦⦘\n\n٣٨٤٨ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مَنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، وَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: «إِنَّمَا يَكْفِي أَحَدَكُمْ، أَنْ يَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ مِنْ عَلَى يَمِينِهِ وَشِمَالِهِ»","vol":"3","page":95},{"text":"٣٨٤٩ - وَذَكَرَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَعَلْقَمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" يُكَبِّرُ فِي كُلِّ وَضْعٍ، وَرَفْعٍ، وَقِيَامٍ، وَقُعُودٍ، وَيُسَلِّمُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، حَتَّى يُرَى بَيَاضُ خَدَّيْهِ فِي كِلْتَيْهِمَا \"، وَرَأَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ يَفْعَلَانِ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٣٨٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، وَزُهَيْرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"3","page":96},{"text":"٣٨٥١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: مَا نَسِيتُ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَنْسَ تَسْلِيمَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ»","vol":"3","page":96},{"text":"٣٨٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ ⦗٩٧⦘، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ، «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ»\n\n٣٨٥٣ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً.\n\n٣٨٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، سَلَّمَ وَاحِدَةً، وَأَنَّهُ سَلَّمَ اثْنَتَيْنِ، وَإِنَّمَا السَّلَامُ إِيذَانٌ بِخُرُوجٍ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ","vol":"3","page":96},{"text":"٣٨٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الْجُمَحِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ تَسْلِيمَةً وَاحِدَةً»\n\n٣٨٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ⦗٩٨⦘،\n\n٣٨٥٧ - وَسَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٣٨٥٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ: «كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، تَسْلِيمَةً وَاحِدَةً تِلْقَاءَ وَجْهِهِ، يَمِيلُ إِلَى الشِّقِّ الْأَيْمَنِ شَيْئًا»\n\n٣٨٥٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَمُرَةَ: قُبَالَةَ وَجْهِهِ، «فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، سَلَّمَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ»\n\n٣٨٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ «صَلَّى، فَسَلَّمَ مَرَّةً»\n\n٣٨٦١ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ،\n\n٣٨٦٢ - وَهُوَ مِنَ اخْتِلَافِ الْمُبَاحِ، وَالِاقْتِصَارِ عَلَى الْجَائِزِ،\n\n٣٨٦٣ - وَقَدْ حَمْلَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَلَى اتِّسَاعِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَكَثْرَةِ النَّاسِ، وَاللَّغَطِ، وَعَلَى قِلَّتِهِمْ وَسُكُونِهِمْ، فَإِذَا كَثُرُوا أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ اثْنَتَيْنِ، وَإِذَا قَلُّوا وَسَكَنُوا، فَوَاحِدَةً، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-179>تَحْلِيلُ الصَّلَاةِ بِالتَّسْلِيمِ</span>","vol":"3","page":99},{"text":"٣٨٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مِفْتَاحُ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُضُوءُ، وَتَحْلِيلُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ»","vol":"3","page":99},{"text":"٣٨٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَلَاغًا، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «التَّكْبِيرُ تَحْرِيمُ الصَّلَاةِ، وَانْقِضَاؤُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ» ⦗١٠٠⦘\n\n٣٨٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، يَعْنِي الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ مَنْ جَلَسَ مِقْدَارَ التَّشَهُّدِ، فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُهُ وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ، فَنَقُولُ: تَحْرِيمُ الصَّلَاةِ: التَّكْبِيرُ، وَانْقِضَاؤُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ، لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، حَتَّى يُسَلِّمَ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، جَعَلَ حَدَّ الْخُرُوجِ مِنْهَا: التَّسْلِيمَ","vol":"3","page":99},{"text":"٣٨٦٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَحْدَثَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ بَعْدَ السَّجْدَةِ، فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُهُ»\n\n٣٨٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ نَقُولُ بِهَذَا، أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ: انْقِضَاءُ الصَّلَاةِ التَّسْلِيمُ، لِلْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٣٨٦٩ - وَأَمَّا هُمْ فَيَقُولُونَ: كُلُّ حَدَثٍ يُفْسِدُ الصَّلَاةَ، إِلَّا حَدَثًا كَانَ بَعْدَ التَّشَهُّدِ، أَوْ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ، مِقْدَارَ التَّشَهُّدِ، فَلَا يُفْسِدُ الصَّلَاةَ","vol":"3","page":100},{"text":"٣٨٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، رِوَايَتَيْنِ: إِحَدَاهُمَا مِثْلُ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَالْأُخْرَى قَالَ: «إِذَا جَلَسَ مِقْدَارَ التَّشَهُّدِ، ثُمَّ أَحْدَثَ، فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُهُ»\n\n٣٨٧١ - وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ ضَمْرَةَ إِنَّمَا يُذْكَرُ فِي الشَّوَاهِدِ، فَإِذَا تَفَرَّدَ بِحَدِيثٍ، لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ، كَيْفَ وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي حُكْمِ الْخَبَرِ، وَخَالَفَهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ⦗١٠١⦘،\n\n٣٨٧٢ - وَعَلِيٌّ لَا يُخَالِفُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فِيمَا رَوَى عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":100},{"text":"٣٨٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ: «مَنْ قَعَدَ مِقْدَارَ التَّشَهُّدِ؟» فَقَالَ: «لَا يَصِحُّ»\n\n٣٨٧٤ - قُلْتُ: وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ هَذَا، فَقَدْ قَضَيْتَ صَلَاتَكَ، فَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَقُومَ فَقُمْ»، فَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّ الْحُفَّاظَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ حَكَمُوا، بِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ كَلَامِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، لِتَمْيِيزِ بَعْضِ الرُّوَاةِ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الْمَرْفُوعِ، وَإِضَافَتِهِ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n٣٨٧٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ انْقِضَاءَ الصَّلَاةِ، بِالتَّسْلِيمِ، وَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ عَلِمَ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ صَارَ إِلَيْهِ","vol":"3","page":101},{"text":"٣٨٧٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «إِذَا ⦗١٠٢⦘ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مَنْ آخِرِ السُّجُودِ، ثُمَّ أَحْدَثَ، فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُهُ» فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْإِفْرِيقِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n٣٨٧٧ - وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ الْإِفْرِيقِيُّ، قَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ: يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ،\n\n٣٨٧٨ - وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي لَفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ\n\n٣٨٧٩ - قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: وَإِنْ صَحَّ شَيْءٌ مَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا كَانَ قَبْلَ فَرْضِ التَّشَهُّدِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ، وَالتَّسْلِيمِ.\n\n٣٨٨٠ - فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كُنَّا نَقُولُ: قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ التَّشَهُّدُ \" ⦗١٠٣⦘\n\n٣٨٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَمَرَنَا اللَّهُ أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَكَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ؟»","vol":"3","page":101},{"text":"٣٨٨٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِذَا قَعَدَ فِي آخِرِ صَلَاتِهِ قَدْرَ التَّشَهُّدِ، أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِوَجْهِهِ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ التَّسْلِيمُ»\n\n٣٨٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٣٨٨٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ خَلَّادُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ ذَرٍّ","vol":"3","page":103},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-180>كَلَامُ الْإِمَامِ، وَجُلُوسُهُ بَعْدَ التَّسْلِيمِ</span>","vol":"3","page":104},{"text":"٣٨٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَتْنِي هِنْدُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِذَا سَلَّمَ مَنْ صَلَاتِهِ، قَامَ النِّسَاءُ حِينَ يَقْضِي تَسْلِيمَهُ، وَمَكَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي مَكَانِهِ يَسِيرًا»\n\n٣٨٨٦ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: ثَبَتَ مُكْثُهُ ذَلِكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، لِكَيْ يَنْفُذَ النِّسَاءُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَهُنَّ مَنِ انْصَرَفَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ\n\n٣٨٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ ⦗١٠٥⦘\n\n٣٨٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ","vol":"3","page":104},{"text":"٣٨٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ أَعْرِفُ انْقِضَاءَ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ»\n\n٣٨٩٠ - قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُهُ لِأَبِي مَعْبَدٍ بَعْدُ فَقَالَ: لَمْ أُحَدِّثْكَهُ قَالَ عَمْرٌو: وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِيهِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْدَقِ مَوَالِي ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٣٨٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَأَنَّهُ نَسِيَهُ بَعْدَ مَا حَدَّثَهُ إِيَّاهُ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"3","page":105},{"text":"٣٨٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: ذَكَرْتُ لِلْقَاسِمِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ لِيَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ، كَانُوا إِذَا سَلَّمَ الْإِمَامُ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ، كَبَّرُوا ثَلَاثَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ، أَوْ تَهْلِيلَاتٍ، فَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: «وَاللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ لَيَصْنَعُهُ»","vol":"3","page":105},{"text":"٣٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، يَقُولُ ⦗١٠٦⦘: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِذَا سَلَّمَ مَنْ صَلَاتِهِ، يَقُولُ بِصَوْتِهِ الْأَعْلَى: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمَلِكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدْيرٌ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، وَلَا نَعْبُدُ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ، لَهُ النِّعْمَةُ، وَلَهُ الْفَضْلُ، وَلَهُ الثَّنَاءُ الْحَسَنِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ، وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ»\n\n٣٨٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَسَنِ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الْمُرَادِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَكِّيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: فِي دُبُرِ الصَّلَاةِ، إِذَا سَلَّمَ هَذَا الدُّعَاءَ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: وَكَانَ يَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْمُرَادِيِّ","vol":"3","page":105},{"text":"٣٨٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ إِذَا سَلَّمَ مَنْ صَلَاتِهِ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ السَّلَامُ، وَمِنْكَ السَّلَامُ، تَبَارَكْتَ يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ» ⦗١٠٧⦘\n\n٣٨٩٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مَنْ حَدِيثِ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، وَعَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ،\n\n٣٨٩٧ - وَحَدِيثُ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فِي قَوْلِ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ»، مَذْكُورٌ فِي آخِرِ الْكِتَابِ","vol":"3","page":106},{"text":"٣٨٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" أَخْتَارُ لِلْإِمَامِ، وَالْمَأْمُومِ أَنْ يَذْكُرَا اللَّهَ، بَعْدَ الِانْصِرَافِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَيُخْفِيَانِ الذِّكْرَ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ إِمَامًا، يَجِبُ أَنْ يُتَعَلَّمَ مِنْهُ، فَيَجْهَرُ حَتَّى يَرَى أَنْ قَدْ تُعُلِّمَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ يُسِرُّ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ، يَقُولُ: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ، وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾ [الإسراء: ١١٠] يَعْنِي الدُّعَاءَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَلَا تَجْهَرْ: تَرْفَعْ، وَلَا تُخَافِتْ: حَتَّى تُسْمِعَ نَفْسَكَ \"\n\n٣٨٩٩ - قَالَ: وَأَحْسَبُهُ إِنَّمَا جَهَرَ قَلِيلًا، يَعْنِي فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، لِيَتَعَلَّمَ النَّاسُ مِنْهُ،\n\n٣٩٠٠ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ مُكْثَهُ، وَلَمْ تَذْكُرْ جَهْرًا، وَأَحْسَبُهُ لَمْ يَمْكُثْ، إِلَّا لِيَذْكُرَ ذِكْرًا غَيْرَ جَهْرٍ","vol":"3","page":107},{"text":"٣٩٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، وَوَكِيعٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾ [الإسراء: ١١٠] قَالَتْ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الدُّعَاءِ \"، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ","vol":"3","page":108},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-181>الْقُنُوتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ</span>","vol":"3","page":109},{"text":"٣٩٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ مَالِكٍ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ، فِيمَا أَلْزَمَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي التَّوَسُّعِ فِي خِلَافِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ⦗١١٠⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ «كَانَ لَا يَقْنُتُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٣٩٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَنْتُمْ تَرَوْنَ الْقُنُوتَ فِي الصُّبْحِ، يُرِيدُ أَصْحَابَ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":109},{"text":"٣٩٠٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ: «كَانَ لَا يَقْنُتُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَا فِي الْوِتْرِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْنُتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ الرَّكْعَةَ الْآخِرَةَ، إِذَا قَضَى قِرَاءَتَهُ»\n\n٣٩٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَنْتُمْ تُخَالِفُونَ عُرْوَةَ، وَتَقُولُونَ: يَقْنُتُ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ ⦗١١١⦘\n\n٣٩٠٦ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ، فَأَنْتَ تَقْنُتُ فِي الصُّبْحِ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَنَتَ، ثُمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ عُمَرُ، ثُمَّ عُثْمَانُ\n\n٣٩٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ: اخْتِلَافِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَنْهَى عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ فِي الْفَجْرِ، وَبِهِ يَأْخُذُ، يَعْنِي أَبَا يُوسُفَ، وَيُحَدِّثُ بِهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْنُتْ إِلَّا شَهْرًا وَاحِدًا، حَارَبَ حَيًّا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَقَنَتَ يَدْعُو عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَمْ يَقْنُتْ، حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَأَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، لَمْ يَقْنُتْ فِي سَفَرٍ، وَلَا حَضَرٍ وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ لَمْ يَقْنُتْ وَأَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ لَمْ يَقْنُتْ وَأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ لَمْ يَقْنُتْ، وَقَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ أُنْبِئْتُ أَنَّ إِمَامَكُمْ يَقُومُ لَا قَارِئَ قُرْآنٍ، وَلَا رَاكِعَ، يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ الْقُنُوتَ وَأَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَنَتَ فِي حَرْبٍ يَدْعُو عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَأَخَذَ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ وَقَنَتَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بِالشَّامِ يَدْعُو عَلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَأَخَذَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ عَنْهُ ذَلِكَ\n\n٣٩٠٨ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى يَرَى الْقُنُوتَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ بَعْدَ الْقِرَاءَةِ، وَقَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ فِي الْفَجْرِ، وَيَرْوِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: أَنَّهُ قَنَتَ بِهَاتَيْنِ السُّورَتَيْنِ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْتَعِينُكَ، وَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ، وَنُثْنِي عَلَيْكَ الْخَيْرَ، وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ، وَنَخْلَعَ ⦗١١٢⦘ وَنَتْرُكُ مَنْ يَفْجُرُكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَلَكَ نُصَلِّي، وَنَسْجُدُ، وَإِلَيْكَ نَسْعَى وَنَحْفِدُ، نَرْجُو رَحْمَتَكَ، وَنَخْشَى عَذَابَكَ، إِنَّ عَذَابَكَ بِالْكُفَّارِ مُلْحَقٌ»\n\n٣٩٠٩ - وَكَانَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَيُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَنَتَ","vol":"3","page":110},{"text":"٣٩١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَتْلُ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، أَقَامَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً، كُلَّمَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ مَنَ الصُّبْحِ قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ، اللَّهُمَّ أَفْعَلُ»، فَذَكَرَ دُعَاءً طَوِيلًا، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ، فَسَجَدَ\n\n٣٩١١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا دُعَاءَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، مَنْ حَدِيثِ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، وَعَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":112},{"text":"٣٩١٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ قَالَ: «فَقَنَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، شَهْرًا يَدْعُو فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، عَلَى أَحْيَاءٍ مَنْ أَحْيَاءِ الْعَرَبِ، عَلَى رِعْلٍ، وَذَكْوَانَ، وَعُصَيَّةَ، وَبَنِي لِحْيَانَ»،\n\n٣٩١٣ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحًا»،\n\n٣٩١٤ - وَقَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ: شَهْرًا أَصَحُّ، وَرُوَاتُهُ أَكْثَرُ","vol":"3","page":113},{"text":"٣٩١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَحُفِظَ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «الْقُنُوتُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كُلِّهَا عِنْدَ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ»،\n\n٣٩١٦ - وَحُفِظَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَنَتَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ","vol":"3","page":113},{"text":"٣٩١٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ ⦗١١٤⦘: قَنَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، شَهْرًا مُتَتَابِعًا فِي: الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ، وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ، وَالصُّبْحِ، وَإِذَا قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ» مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ، يَدْعُو عَلَى أَحْيَاءَ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَلَى رِعْلٍ، وَذَكْوَانَ، وَعُصَيَّةَ، وَيُؤَمِّنُ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ، وَكَانَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَتَلُوهُمْ","vol":"3","page":113},{"text":"٣٩١٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «قَنَتَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ، وَالصُّبْحِ»\n\n٣٩١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكُلُّ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ فِي الْقُنُوتِ فِي غَيْرِ الصُّبْحِ عِنْدَ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":114},{"text":"٣٩٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «قُنُوتَهُ فِي الْعِشَاءِ، حِينَ دَعَا لِلْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ بِالنَّجَاةِ، وَدَعَا عَلَى مُضَرَ» ⦗١١٥⦘،\n\n٣٩٢١ - وَخَالَفَهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، فَرَوَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «قُنُوتَهَ فِي الْفَجْرِ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ»","vol":"3","page":114},{"text":"٣٩٢٢ - وَالَّذِي رَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «وَاللَّهِ لَأُقَرِّبَنَّ بِكُمْ، صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقْنُتُ فِي الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعِشَاءِ، وَالصُّبْحِ، وَيَدْعُو لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَيَلْعَنُ الْكُفَّارَ»\n\n٣٩٢٣ - لَيْسَ فِيهِ بَيَانُ الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي حَمَلَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَمَلَهُ عَنْهُ فِي قِصَّةِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ غَلَطَ إِلَى ذِكْرِ الْعِشَاءِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ، وَمَعَ رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ رِوَايَتُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي ذِكْرِ الْفَجْرِ دُونَ الْعِشَاءِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٣٩٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى أَنَسٌ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ «قَنَتَ، وَتَرَكَ الْقُنُوتَ جُمْلَةً»، وَمَنْ رَوَى مِثْلَ حَدِيثِهِ، رَوَى أَنَّهُ قَنَتَ عِنْدَ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَ الْقُنُوتَ","vol":"3","page":115},{"text":"٣٩٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ قَدْ رَوَى هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «قَنَتَ شَهْرًا، يَدْعُو عَلَى أَحْيَاءٍ مَنْ أَحْيَاءِ الْعَرَبِ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ» ⦗١١٦⦘،\n\n٣٩٢٦ - هَكَذَا مُطْلَقًا كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَأَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَعَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ عِنْدَ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ","vol":"3","page":115},{"text":"٣٩٢٧ - وَرُوِيَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ غَيْرِ قَوِيَّةٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «قَنَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَهْرًا، يَدْعُو عَلَى عُصَيَّةَ، وَذَكْوَانَ، فَلَمَّا ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ، تَرَكَ الْقُنُوتَ»\n\n٣٩٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا الْقُنُوتُ فِي الصُّبْحِ، فَمَحْفُوظٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، وَبَعْدَهُ، وَلَمْ يَحْفَظْ أَحَدٌ عَنْهُ تَرْكَهُ","vol":"3","page":116},{"text":"٣٩٢٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، لَمَّا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِنَ الصُّبْحِ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، وَسَلَمَةَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، وَعَيَّاشَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِمَكَّةَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشْدُدْ وَطْأَتَكَ عَلَى مُضَرَ، وَاجْعَلْهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سِنِينَ، كَسِنِيِّ يُوسُفَ»\n\n٣٩٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَأَمَّا مَا رَوَى أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، مِنْ تَرْكِ الْقُنُوتِ فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، فَإِنَّهُ تَرَكَ الْقُنُوتَ فِي أَرْبَعِ صَلَوَاتٍ دُونَ الصُّبْحِ، كَمَا قَالَتْ ⦗١١٧⦘ عَائِشَةُ: «فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَأُقِرَّتْ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ، وَزِيدَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْحَضَرِ»، يَعْنِي ثَلَاثَ صَلَوَاتٍ، دُونَ الْمَغْرِبِ، وَالصُّبْحِ","vol":"3","page":116},{"text":"٣٩٣١ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، وَحَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، حِينَ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ مِنَ الظُّهْرِ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ فُلَانًا، وَفُلَانًا وَسَمَّى قَبَائِلَ»\n\n٣٩٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَهَذَا الَّذِي تَرَكَ، فَأَمَّا الْقُنُوتُ فِي الصُّبْحِ، فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، تَرَكَهُ\n\n٣٩٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، كَانَ يَذْهَبُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَمَحَلُّهُ مِنْ عِلْمِ الْحَدِيثِ، لَا يَخْفَى\n\n٣٩٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، الَّذِي احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِهِ فِي قُنُوتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بَعْدَ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، فَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مَنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"3","page":117},{"text":"٣٩٣٥ - وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قُنُوتِهِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، بَعْدَ مَا يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ، وَيَقُولُ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ»، بِنَحْوٍ مَنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ ⦗١١٨⦘: «اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ لِحْيَانَ، وَرِعْلًا، وَذَكْوَانَ، وَعُصَيَّةَ، عَصَتِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ»، ثُمَّ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ تَرَكَ ذَلِكَ، لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ، أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ، أَوْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨]،\n\n٣٩٣٦ - وَلَعَلَّ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ فِي آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ مَنْ قَوْلِ مَنْ دُونَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"3","page":117},{"text":"٣٩٣٧ - فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ، يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ فُلَانًا، وَفُلَانًا»، بَعْدَمَا يَقُولُ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ»، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨] الْآيَةَ","vol":"3","page":118},{"text":"٣٩٣٨ - وَعَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَدْعُو عَلَى صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَسُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَالْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨] \" وَهَذَا مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُخَارِيِّ،\n\n٣٩٣٩ - وَكَانَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ أُحُدٍ","vol":"3","page":118},{"text":"٣٩٤٠ - فَفِي رِوَايَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ ⦗١١٩⦘: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، فَقَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ» قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ»، فَذَكَرَهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بَدَلَ سُهَيْلٍ، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ، أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨]، فَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَسْلَمُوا، فَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُمْ\n\n٣٩٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قُتَيْبَةَ سَلْمُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَدَمِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَبِيبٍ الْمَعْمَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَلْمُ بْنُ جُنَادَةَ الْقُرَشِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":118},{"text":"٣٩٤٢ - وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، رِوَايَةُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كُسِرَتْ رَبَاعِيَتُهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَشُجَّ، فَجَعَلَ يَسْلُتُ الدَّمَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ، وَيَقُولُ: «كَيْفَ يُفْلِحُ قَوْمٌ شَجُّوا نَبِيَّهُمْ، وَكَسَرُوا رَبَاعِيَتَهُ، وَهُوَ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ» قَالَ: فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨]\n\n٣٩٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ\n\n٣٩٤٤ - فَكَانَ هَذَا بِأُحُدٍ، وَقَتْلُ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، كَانَ بَعْدَ أُحُدٍ، وَقَدْ قَنَتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَهُ، وَدَعَا عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ، دَلَّ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، لَمْ تُحْمَلْ عَلَى نَسْخِ الْقُنُوتِ جُمْلَةً، فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقْنُتُ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَلْعَنُ مَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ شَهْرًا، ثُمَّ تَرَكَ اللَّعْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَيَدْعُو لِلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِمَكَّةَ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا قَدِمُوا تَرَكَ الدُّعَاءَ لَهُمْ","vol":"3","page":119},{"text":"٣٩٤٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قُنُوتِهِ، وَدُعَائِهِ لِلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: «ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، تَرَكَ الدُّعَاءَ بَعْدُ»، فَقُلْتُ: «أَرَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَدْ تَرَكَ الدُّعَاءَ لَهُمْ» قَالَ: فَقِيلَ: «وَمَا نَرَاهُمْ قَدْ قَدِمُوا»،\n\n٣٩٤٦ - وَهَذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ بِيَسِيرٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَسْلَمَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ فِي غَزْوَةِ خَيْبَرَ، وَهُوَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ بِكَثِيرٍ، دَلَّ أَنَّ الْآيَةَ لَمْ تُحْمَلْ عَلَى نَسْخِ الْقُنُوتِ","vol":"3","page":120},{"text":"٣٩٤٧ - وَمِمَّا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، لَمْ تُحْمَلْ عَلَى النَّسْخِ وَإِنْ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ سَبَبَ نُزُولِهَا، كَانَ عَلَى مَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ  «كَانَ يَقْنُتُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَائِرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ» وَلَوْ كَانَتِ الْآيَةُ مَحْمُولَةً عِنْدَهُمْ عَلَى نَسْخِ الْقُنُوتِ، لَمْ يَقْنُتْ بَعْدُ","vol":"3","page":120},{"text":"٣٩٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ ح\n\n٣٩٤٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ:  «لَأُقَرِّبَنَّ بِكُمْ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» فَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقْنُتُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الظُّهْرِ، وَفِي الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ، وَفِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ»، يَدْعُو لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَيَلْعَنُ الْكَافِرِينَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ⦗١٢١⦘، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُثَنَّى، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ","vol":"3","page":120},{"text":"٣٩٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَتَرْكُ الْقُنُوتِ فِي الصَّلَوَاتِ سِوَى الْقُنُوتِ فِي الصُّبْحِ، لَا يُقَالُ لَهُ نَاسِخٌ، إِنَّمَا يُقَالُ لِلنَّاسِخِ، وَالْمَنْسُوخِ مَا اخْتُلِفَ، فَأَمَّا الْقُنُوتُ فِي غَيْرِ الصُّبْحِ، فَمُبَاحٌ أَنْ يَقْنُتَ، وَأَنْ يَدَعَ، لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمْ يَقْنُتْ فِي غَيْرِ الصُّبْحِ، قَبْلَ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، وَلَمْ يَقْنُتْ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ فِي غَيْرِ الصُّبْحِ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ دُعَاءٌ مُبَاحٌ، كَالدُّعَاءِ الْمُبَاحِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، لَا نَاسِخٌ، وَلَا مَنْسُوخٌ»\n\n٣٩٥١ - هَذَا نَصُّ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ،\n\n٣٩٥٢ - وَهَذَا قَوْلٌ يُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَمَا قُلْنَا مِنْ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوا الْآيَةَ، عَلَى نَسْخِ الْقُنُوتِ بِهَا","vol":"3","page":121},{"text":"٣٩٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَا قُنُوتَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، إِلَّا فِي الصُّبْحِ، إِلَّا أَنْ تَنْزِلَ نَازِلَةٌ فَيَقْنُتَ فِي الصَّلَوَاتِ كُلِّهَا إِنْ شَاءَ الْإِمَامُ»\n\n٣٩٥٤ - وَبِمِثْلِ هَذَا أَجَابَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، وَفِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ\n\n٣٩٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا فِي الصُّبْحِ، فَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ تَرَكَ الْقُنُوتَ فِي الصُّبْحِ قَطُّ، فَيَقْنُتُ كُلُّ مُصَلٍّ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ مِنْهَا بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ","vol":"3","page":121},{"text":"٣٩٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ أَنَسٍ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّمَا قَنَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَهْرًا؟ فَقَالَ ⦗١٢٢⦘:  «مَا زَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْنُتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ، حَتَّى فَارَقَ الدُّنْيَا»\n\n٣٩٥٧ - وَرَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَنَتَ شَهْرًا، يَدْعُو عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ، فَأَمَّا فِي الصُّبْحِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقْنُتُ حَتَّى فَارَقَ الدُّنْيَا»\n\n٣٩٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، تَابِعِيٌّ مَعْرُوفٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَرَدَ خُرَاسَانَ، سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، وَأَبَا الْعَالِيَةِ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْكِبَارِ.\n\n٣٩٥٩ - بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبِي، وَأَبَا زُرْعَةَ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ قَالَا: صَدُوقٌ، وَثِقَةٌ ⦗١٢٣⦘\n\n٣٩٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَلِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ شَوَاهِدُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"3","page":121},{"text":"٣٩٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ \" وَقَدْ قَنَتَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصُّبْحِ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، كُلُّهُمْ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ \"، وَقَالَ: «لَيُدْرِكْ مَنْ يُسْبَقُ بِالصَّلَاةِ الرَّكْعَةَ»\n\n٣٩٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ خُلَيْدِ بْنِ دَعْلَجٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، مَعْنَى هَذَا فِي قُنُوتِهِمْ، وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي إِسْنَادٍ مُرْسَلٍ","vol":"3","page":123},{"text":"٣٩٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، يَقْنُتُونَ فِي الصُّبْحِ بَعْدَ الرَّكْعَةِ، حَتَّى كَانَ عُثْمَانُ، فَقَدَّمَ الْقُنُوتَ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ»","vol":"3","page":123},{"text":"٣٩٦٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ  «قَنَتَا»","vol":"3","page":123},{"text":"٣٩٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الذُّهْلِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَبِيبٍ الْمَعْمَرِيُّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ السَّبَّاكُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ ⦗١٢٤⦘: «صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقْنُتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ، وَصَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقْنُتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ، وَصَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقْنُتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ»\n\n٣٩٦٦ - وَرَوَاهُ قُرَيْشُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمَكِّيِّ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي قُنُوتِهِمْ، وَقُنُوتُ عُثْمَانَ دُونَ ذِكْرِ مَوْضِعِ الْقُنُوتِ\n\n٣٩٦٧ - وَالْمُرْسَلُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَمَا اشْتُهِرَ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قُنُوتِ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ: يُعْطِيَانِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ قُوَّةً، وَاعْتِمَادُنَا فِي قُنُوتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَلَى مَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ، وَفِي قُنُوتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"3","page":123},{"text":"٣٩٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّاجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَوَّامُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ فِي الصُّبْحِ، فَقَالَ: «بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ»، فَقُلْتُ: عَمَّنْ؟ قَالَ: «عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ»\n\n٣٩٦٩ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ وَيَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ، لَا يُحَدِّثُ إِلَّا عَمَّنْ يَكُونُ ثِقَةً عِنْدَهُ","vol":"3","page":124},{"text":"٣٩٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ ⦗١٢٥⦘: «أَنَّهُ قَنَتَ فِي الصُّبْحِ، فَذَكَرَ دُعَاءً قَنَتَ بِهِ»","vol":"3","page":124},{"text":"٣٩٧١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «يَقْنُتُ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، يَدْعُو عَلَى الْكَفَرَةِ»","vol":"3","page":125},{"text":"٣٩٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، «قَنَتَ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، فَذَكَرَ دُعَاءَهُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَدُعَاءَهُ عَلَى الْكَفَرَةِ، وَقُنُوتَهُ بِالسُّورَتَيْنِ»،\n\n٣٩٧٣ - كَمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى","vol":"3","page":125},{"text":"٣٩٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ «كَانَ يَقْنُتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ»\n\n٣٩٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، صَحِيحٌ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا شَوَاهِدَهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"3","page":125},{"text":"٣٩٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ  «يَقْنُتُ فِي الصُّبْحِ بَعْدَ الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ»","vol":"3","page":125},{"text":"٣٩٧٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، «قَنَتَ فِي الْفَجْرِ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٣٩٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَنَا فِي هَذَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"3","page":126},{"text":"٣٩٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي مَعْقِلٍ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا «قَنَتَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ»\n\n٣٩٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n٣٩٨١ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ⦗١٢٧⦘،\n\n٣٩٨٢ - وَلَا مَعْنَى لِإِنْكَارِ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ الْقُنُوتَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، لِأَنَّ الْحُكْمَ لِقَوْلِ مَنْ شَاهَدَ وَسَمِعَ، لَا لِقَوْلِ مَنْ لَمْ يُشَاهِدْ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ.\n\n٣٩٨٣ - وَقَدْ بَيَّنَّا خَطَأَ مَنِ ادَّعَى النَّسْخَ بِنُزُولِ قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ﴾ [سورة: آل عمران، آية رقم: ١٢٨]،\n\n٣٩٨٤ - وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بِكْرٍ فِي دُعَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لِلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِالنَّجَاةِ، وَالدُّعَاءِ عَلَى مُضَرَ، وَنُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فِيهِ، وَقَوْلِهِ: فَمَا عَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدْعُو عَلَى أَحَدٍ،\n\n٣٩٨٥ - إِسْنَادُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ،\n\n٣٩٨٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِيمَا، هُوَ أَصَحُّ مِنْهُ: أَنَّ نُزُولَ، هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، تَقَدَّمَ هَذَا الدُّعَاءَ،\n\n٣٩٨٧ - وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُرَادُهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: فَمَا عَادَ يَدْعُو عَلَى أَحَدٍ، أَيْ عَلَى أَحَدٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْتَجْ إِلَيْهِ، وَلوِ احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ لَعَلَّهُ كَانَ يَعُودُ إِلَيْهِ، كَمَا كَانَ يَدْعُو عَلَى صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، زَمَانَ أُحُدٍ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، لِمَا فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنْ هَدَاهُمْ، فَتَرَكَهُ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَيْهِ، حِينَ احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى آخَرِينَ، حِينَ قُتِلَ أَهْلُ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، وَحِينَ احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ لِلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِالنَّجَاةِ، وَعَلَى مُضَرَ بِالْهَلَاكِ، حِينَ اشْتَدُّوا عَلَى جَيْشِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِمَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ حِينَ قَدِمُوا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا لَكَ لَمْ تَدْعُ لِلنَّفَرِ؟ قَالَ: «أَوَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ قَدِمُوا»، وَكَانَ هَذَا بَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ بِسَنَتَيْنِ","vol":"3","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-182>مَوْضِعُ الْقُنُوتِ</span>","vol":"3","page":128},{"text":"٣٩٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ، فَقَالَ: «قَنَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ»","vol":"3","page":128},{"text":"٣٩٨٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَمُسَدَّدٌ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ: هَلْ قَنَتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ؟ قَالَ: «بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ» قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ: «بِيَسِيرٍ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مَنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ⦗١٢٩⦘\n\n٣٩٩٠ - وَهَذَا أَوْلَى مِمَّا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي الْقُنُوتِ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَأَنَّ الْقُنُوتَ بَعْدَهُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ شَهْرًا،\n\n٣٩٩١ - وَمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ فِي بَعْضِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، لِأَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سِيرِينَ، أَحْفَظُ مَنْ رَوَى حَدِيثَ الْقُنُوتِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَفْقَهُهُمْ.\n\n٣٩٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «قُنُوتُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَبْلَ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٣٩٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، «قُنُوتُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بَعْدَهُ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٣٩٩٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَنَّهُمْ قَنَتُوا فِيهَا بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ","vol":"3","page":128},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-183>دُعَاءُ الْقُنُوتِ</span>","vol":"3","page":130},{"text":"٣٩٩٥ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، دُعَاءَ الْقُنُوتِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ ﵀، وَقَدْ جَاءَ بِهِ الْحَدِيثُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٣٩٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ بِمَرْوَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْحَوْرَاءِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: عَلَّمَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَلِمَاتٍ أَقُولُهُنَّ فِي الْقُنُوتِ: «اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِنِي فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ، وَعَافِنِي فِيمَنْ عَافَيْتَ، وَتَوَلَّنِي فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ، وَبَارِكْ لِيَ فِيمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَقِنِي شَرَّ مَا قَضَيْتَ، إِنَّكَ تَقْضِي وَلَا يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ، إِنَّهُ لَا يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَالَيْتَ، تَبَارَكْتَ رَبَّنَا وَتَعَالَيْتَ» ⦗١٣١⦘\n\n٣٩٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ قَالَ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِمُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ الدُّعَاءُ الَّذِي كَانَ أَبِي يَدْعُو بِهِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ فِي قُنُوتِهِ","vol":"3","page":130},{"text":"٣٩٩٨ - وَأَمَّا رَفْعُ الْيَدَيْنِ فِي الْقُنُوتِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْقُرَّاءِ، الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا بِبِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ قَالَ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كُلَّمَا صَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ، رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ يَدْعُو عَلَيْهِمْ، يَعْنِي عَلَى الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُمْ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":131},{"text":"٣٩٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ «فَقَرَأَ ثَمَانِينَ آيَةً مِنَ الْبَقَرَةِ، وَقَنَتَ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ إِبْطَيْهِ، وَرَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ بِالدُّعَاءِ، حَتَّى سُمِعَ مِنَ وَرَاءِ الْحَائِطِ»\n\n٤٠٠٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁.\n\n٤٠٠١ - وَرَوَى فِي رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ فِي قُنُوتِ الْوِتْرِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"3","page":132},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-184>قَضَاءُ الْفَائِتَةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":133},{"text":"٤٠٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْمُزَنِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ ح، ⦗١٣٤⦘\n\n٤٠٠٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَسِيرٍ لَهُ، فَنِمْنَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَأَمَرَ الْمُؤَذِّنَ، فَأَذَّنَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّيْنَا رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَمْكَنَتْنَا الصَّلَاةُ صَلَّيْنَا»\n\n٤٠٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَقَوْلُ عِمْرَانَ: حَتَّى إِذَا أَمْكَنَتْنَا الصَّلَاةُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ يَعْنِي: إِذَا اتَّسَعَ لَنَا الْمَوْضِعُ، فَأَمْكَنَنَا جَمَعُ الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَا ضِيقَ عَلَيْنَا، أَوْ إِذَا تَتَامَّ أَصْحَابُهُ الَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُوا فِي حَوَائِجِهِمْ\n\n٤٠٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح،\n\n٤٠٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ ح","vol":"3","page":133},{"text":"٤٠٠٧ - قَالَ وحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗١٣٥⦘: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حِينَ قَفَلَ مَنْ خَيْبَرَ أَسْرَى، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ عَرَّسَ، وَقَالَ لِبِلَالٍ: «اكْلَأْ لَنَا الصُّبْحَ»، وَنَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَكَلَأَ بِلَالٌ مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَنَدَ إِلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، وَهُوَ مُقَابِلٌ الْفَجْرَ، فَغَلَبْتُهُ عَيْنَاهُ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَيْقِظْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الرَّكْبِ، حَتَّى ضَرَبَتْهُمُ الشَّمْسُ، فَفَزِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «يَا بِلَالُ»، فَقَالَ بِلَالٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخَذَ بِنَفْسِي الَّذِي أَخَذَ بِنَفْسِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اقْتَادُوا»، فَبَعَثُوا رَوَاحِلَهُمْ، فَاقْتَادُوا شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِلَالًا، فَأَذَّنَ وَأَقَامَ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ حِينَ قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ: \" مَنْ نَسِيَ الصَّلَاةَ، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤] \"\n\n٤٠٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَهَذَانِ حَدِيثَانِ ثَابِتَانِ، عَلَى أَنَّ حَدِيثَ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ مُسْنَدٌ ⦗١٣٦⦘\n\n٤٠٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قَدْ أَسْنَدَهُ أَيْضًا يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَيْلِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَأَبَانُ الْعَطَّارُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ يُونُسَ، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ الْأَذَانَ، وَذَكَرَهُ أَبَانُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ\n\n٤٠١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ مَا يُوَافِقُهُمَا،\n\n٤٠١١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ","vol":"3","page":134},{"text":"٤٠١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَبَّانَ التَّمَّارُ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا، لَا كَفَّارَةَ لَهُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ» قَالَ هَمَّامٌ: سَمِعْتُ قَتَادَةَ يُحَدِّثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: \" ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤] \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،\n\n٤٠١٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مَنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَالْمُثَنَّى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «أَوْ نَامَ عَنْهَا»، وَذَكَرَ الْمُثَنَّى الْآيَةَ مَوْصُولًا بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ","vol":"3","page":136},{"text":"٤٠١٤ - وَرَوَى حَفْصُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَطَّافِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً، فَوَقْتُهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا»\n\n٤٠١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٤٠١٦ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْهُ: عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، أَوْ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَحَفْصُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَطَّافِ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ\n\n٤٠١٧ - قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، مَا ذَكَرْنَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ: «فَوَقْتُهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا»،\n\n٤٠١٨ - وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِحَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَلَى أَنَّ وَقْتَهَا لَا يَتَضَيَّقُ لِتَأْخِيرِهِ الصَّلَاةَ، بَعْدَ الِاسْتِيقَاظِ، وَلَا يَجِبُ التَّتَابُعُ فِي قَضَائِهِنَّ.\n\n٤٠١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ قَبْلُ: إِنَّ تَأْخِيرَ الظُّهْرِ، لِغَيْرِ صَلَاةٍ لَيْسَ بِأَكْثَرَ مَنْ تَأْخِيرِهَا لِصَلَاةٍ\n\n٤٠٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِنْ أَوْضَحِهَا مَعْنًى، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ فِيهِ: أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْتَيْقِظُوا، حَتَّى ضَرَبَتْهُمُ الشَّمْسُ، وَضَرْبُ الشَّمْسِ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهَا حَرٌّ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَتَعَالَى النَّهَارُ، وَفِي هَذَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ اقْتِيَادَهَمْ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذَا وَادٍ بِهِ شَيْطَانٌ»، لَيْسَ لِأَنْ تَحِلَّ صَلَاةُ النَّافِلَةِ، لِأَنَّ اسْتَيْقَاظَهُمْ كَانَ، وَقَدْ حَلَّتْ صَلَاةُ النَّافِلَةِ","vol":"3","page":137},{"text":"٤٠٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ بُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَرَّسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَيْلَةً بِطَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ، وَوَكَّلَ بِلَالًا، أَنْ يُوقِظَهُمْ لِلصَّلَاةِ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَفِيهِ قَالَ: فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنْ يَرْكَبُوا، حَتَّى يَخْرُجُوا مَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَادِي، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذَا وَادٍ بِهِ شَيْطَانٌ»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي خُرُوجِهِمْ، وَنُزُولِهِمْ، وَوُضُوئِهِمْ، وَصَلَاتِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَبَضَ أَرْوَاحَنَا، وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَدَّهَا إِلَيْنَا فِي حِينٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا، فَإِذَا رَقَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، أَوْ نَسِيَهَا، ثُمَّ فَزِعَ إِلَيْهَا، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا كَمَا كَانَ يُصَلِّيهَا فِي وَقْتِهَا»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ،\n\n٤٠٢٢ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"3","page":138},{"text":"٤٠٢٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ:  «لِيَأْخُذْ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ بِرَأْسِ رَاحِلَتِهِ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا مَنْزِلٌ حَضَرَنَا فِيهِ الشَّيْطَانُ»\n\n٤٠٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ يَخْنُقُ الشَّيْطَانَ، فَخَنْقُهُ الشَّيْطَانَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ صَلَاةٍ فِي وَادٍ فِيهِ شَيْطَانٌ","vol":"3","page":138},{"text":"٤٠٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَرَقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أُصَلِّي، إِذِ اعْتَرَضَ لِي شَيْطَانٌ، فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَخَنَقْتُهُ، فَلَوْلَا دَعْوَةُ أَخِي سُلَيْمَانَ لَأَوْثَقْتُهُ فِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ السَّوَارِي، حَتَّى يَرَاهُ النَّاسُ، أَوْ يَرَوْنَهُ»\n\n٤٠٢٦ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ مَعْنَاهُ، مَنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ،\n\n٤٠٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا مَنْ، حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ","vol":"3","page":139},{"text":"٤٠٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَنْ فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةٌ، فَذَكَرَهَا، وَقَدْ دَخَلَ فِي صَلَاةٍ غَيْرِهَا قَالَ: «مَضَى عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ الَّتِي هُوَ فِيهَا، وَلَمْ تَفْسَدْ عَلَيْهِ، إِمَامًا كَانَ أَوْ مَأْمُومًا، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مَنْ صَلَاتِهِ، صَلَّى الصَّلَاةَ الْفَائِتَةَ»،\n\n٤٠٢٩ - وَقَالَ: الَّتِي نَسِيَ فَقَطْ","vol":"3","page":139},{"text":"٤٠٣٠ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ ⦗١٤٠⦘: «مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا، إِلَّا وَهُوَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ الْإِمَامُ، فَلْيُصَلِّ الصَّلَاةَ الَّتِي نَسِيَ، ثُمَّ لْيُصَلِّ بَعْدَهَا الصَّلَاةَ الْأُخْرَى»\n\n٤٠٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٤٠٣٢ - فَبَيَّنَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَّهُ لَا يَجِبُ قَضَاءُ الصَّلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى،\n\n٤٠٣٣ - وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى سَعَةِ وَقْتِ الْقَضَاءِ، وَإِذَا جَازَ تَأْخِيرُهَا لِغَيْرِ صَلَاةٍ، جَازَ لِاشْتِغَالِهِ بِصَلَاةٍ","vol":"3","page":139},{"text":"٤٠٣٤ - وَقَدْ أَسْنَدَ أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّرْجُمَانِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا، إِلَّا وَهُوَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، فَلْيُصَلِّ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مَنْ صَلَاتِهِ، فَلْيُعِدِ الصَّلَاةَ الَّتِي نَسِيَ، ثُمَّ يُعِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ الَّتِي صَلَّاهَا مَعَ الْإِمَامِ» ⦗١٤١⦘\n\n٤٠٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّرْجُمَانِيُّ، وَهَذَا خَطَأٌ مِنْ جِهَتِهِ.\n\n٤٠٣٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مَوْقُوفًا، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ","vol":"3","page":140},{"text":"٤٠٣٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ فِي قِصَّةِ نَوْمِهِمْ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَقَضَائِهِمْ لَهَا قَالَ: فَقُلْنَا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ: أَلَا نَقْضِيهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ لِوَقْتِهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الرِّبَا، وَيَقْبَلُهُ مِنْكُمْ»\n\n٤٠٣٨ - وَفِيهِ وَفِيمَا مَضَى مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَجِبَ مَعَ الْقَضَاءِ غَيْرُ الْقَضَاءِ","vol":"3","page":141},{"text":"٤٠٣٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ سُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ نَوْمِهِمْ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَقَضَائِهِمْ، لَهَا قَالَ: فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَتْهُ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةُ، مِنْ غَدٍ صَالِحًا، فَلْيُصَلِّ مَعَهَا مِثْلَهَا» ⦗١٤٢⦘،\n\n٤٠٤٠ - وَلَمْ يُتَابِعْهُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ ثِقَةٌ","vol":"3","page":141},{"text":"٤٠٤١ - وَإِنَّمَا الْحَدِيثُ عِنْدَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِي النَّوْمِ تَفْرِيطٌ، إِنَّمَا التَّفْرِيطُ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ الصَّلَاةَ، حَتَّى يَجِيءَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى، فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا حِينَ يَسْتَيْقِظُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا عِنْدَ وَقْتِهَا»\n\n٤٠٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ شَيْبَانَ بْنِ فَرُّوخَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ\n\n٤٠٤٣ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ وَقْتَهَا لَمْ يُحَوَّلْ إِلَى مَا بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ بِنَوْمِهِمْ عَنْهَا، وَقَضَائِهِمْ لَهَا بَعْدَ الطُّلُوعِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْغَدُ، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا عِنْدَ وَقْتِهَا، يَعْنِي: صَلَاةَ الْغَدِ،\n\n٤٠٤٤ - هَذَا هُوَ اللَّفْظُ الصَّحِيحُ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ،\n\n٤٠٤٥ - فَحَمَلَهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ سُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَلَى الْوَهْمِ، وَقَدْ صَرَّحَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ بِذَلِكَ،\n\n٤٠٤٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ رَبَاحٍ، وَسِيَاقِهِ لَهُ عِنْدَ عِمْرَانَ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى كَوْنِ الْقِصَّتَيْنِ وَاحِدَةً، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":142},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-185>صَلَاةُ الْمَرْأَةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":143},{"text":"٤٠٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" وَالرَّجُلُ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ فِي الذِّكْرِ سَوَاءٌ، وَفِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَالذِّكْرِ سَوَاءٌ،\n\n٤٠٤٨ - وَلَكِنِّي آمُرُهَا بِالِاسْتِتَارِ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ، بِأَنْ تَضُمَّ بَعْضَهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ،\n\n٤٠٤٩ - وَقَدْ أَدَّبَ اللَّهُ النِّسَاءَ بِالِاسْتِتَارِ، وَأَدَّبَهُنَّ بِذَلِكَ، رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"،\n\n٤٠٥٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ كَلَامَهُ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «وَأُحِبُّ أَنَّ تَلُفَّ جِلْبَابَهَا، وَتُجَافِيهِ رَاكِعَةً، وَسَاجِدَةً عَنْهَا، لِئَلَّا تَصِفَهَا ثِيَابُهَا»\n\n٤٠٥١ - قَالَ: «وَعَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ يَعْنِي الْحُرَّةَ، أَنْ تُغَطِّيَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كُلَّ مَا عَدَا كَفَّيْهَا، وَوَجْهِهَا»،\n\n٤٠٥٢ - وَقَالَ فِي الْأَمَةِ إِنْ صَلَّتْ مَكْشُوفَةَ الرَّأْسِ: «أَجْزَأَهَا»\n\n٤٠٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَفِي قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَدَّبَهُنَّ بِالِاسْتِتَارِ، إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى الْأَحَادِيثِ، الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"3","page":143},{"text":"٤٠٥٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، مُرْسَلًا: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، مَرَّ عَلَى امْرَأَتَيْنِ تُصَلِّيَانِ، فَقَالَ ⦗١٤٤⦘: «إِذَا سَجَدْتُمَا، فَضُمَّا بَعْضَ اللَّحْمِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَإِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ كَالرَّجُلِ»\n\n٤٠٥٥ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثَيْنِ مَوْصُولَيْنِ غَيْرِ قَوِيَّيْنِ،\n\n٤٠٥٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ مَنْ قَوْلِهِ.\n\n٤٠٥٧ - وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا﴾ [النور: ٣١]\n\n٤٠٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا: «الْوَجْهُ، وَالْكَفَّانِ»","vol":"3","page":143},{"text":"٤٠٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ دَخَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَعَلَيْهَا ثِيَابٌ رِقَاقٌ، فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: «يَا أَسْمَاءُ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْمَحِيضَ، لَمْ يَصْلُحْ أَنْ يُرَى مِنْهَا، إِلَّا هَذَا وَهَذَا»، وَأَشَارَ إِلَى وَجْهِهِ، وَكَفَّيْهِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ، وَمُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْحَرَّانِيُّ قَالَا ⦗١٤٥⦘: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، قَالَ يَعْقُوبُ ابْنِ دُرَيْكٍ: عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِذَلَكَ.\n\n٤٠٦٠ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ خَالِدُ بْنُ دُرَيْكٍ، لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"3","page":144},{"text":"٤٠٦١ - قَالَتْ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا صَلَاةَ لِحَائِضٍ، إِلَّا بِخِمَارٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُقْرِئُ بْنُ الْحَمَّامِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِذَلِكَ","vol":"3","page":145},{"text":"٤٠٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ قُنْفُذٍ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: مَاذَا تُصَلِّي فِيهِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ؟ فَقَالَتْ:  «تُصَلِّي فِي الْخِمَارِ، وَالدِّرْعِ السَّابِغِ الَّذِي يُغَيِّبُ ظُهُورَ قَدَمَيْهَا»","vol":"3","page":145},{"text":"٤٠٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ⦗١٤٦⦘: أَنَّهَا سَأَلْتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: أَتُصَلِّي الْمَرْأَةُ فِي دِرْعٍ، وَخِمَارٍ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا إِزَارٌ؟ \"، فَقَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ الدِّرْعُ سَابِغًا يُغَطِّي ظُهُورَ قَدَمَيْهَا»\n\n٤٠٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":145},{"text":"٤٠٦٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ كَسَا امْرَأَتَهُ قُبْطِيَّةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مُرْهَا، فَلْتَجْعَلْ تَحْتَهَا غِلَالَةً، فَإِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ تَصِفَ حَجْمَ عِظَامِهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يُوسُفَ الزِّمِّيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":146},{"text":"٤٠٦٦ - وَأَمَّا الْأَمَةُ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا زَوَّجَ أَحَدُكُمْ خَادِمَهُ عَبْدَهُ، أَوْ أَجِيرَهُ، فَلَا يَنْظُرَنَّ إِلَى مَا دُونَ السُّرَّةِ، وَفَوْقَ الرُّكْبَةِ» ⦗١٤٧⦘\n\n٤٠٦٧ - وَأَصْحَابُنَا يَحْمِلُونَ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ عَلَى عَوْرَةِ الْأَمَةِ،\n\n٤٠٦٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «إِذَا زَوَّجَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَبْدَهُ أَمَتَهُ، فَلَا تَنْظُرِ الْأَمَةُ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ عَوْرَتِهِ، فَإِنَّ مَا تَحْتَ السُّرَّةِ، إِلَى رُكْبَتِهِ مِنَ الْعَوْرَةِ»\n\n٤٠٦٩ - فَالْخَبَرُ فِي تَحْرِيمِ نَظَرِ الْأَمَةِ، إِلَى عَوْرَةِ سَيِّدِهَا بَعْدَمَا زَوَّجَهَا،\n\n٤٠٧٠ - وَلَكِنْ صَحَّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁، أَنَّهُ رَأَى أَمَةً مُخْتَمِرَةً، مُتَجَلِّيَةً فَقَالَ: «لَا تُشَبِّهُوا الْإِمَاءَ بِالْمُحْصَنَاتِ»\n\n٤٠٧١ - وَقَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ: «كُنَّ إِمَاءُ عُمَرَ يَخْدِمْنَنَا كَاشِفَاتٍ عَنْ شُعُورِهِنَّ، تَضْطَرِبُ ثُدِيُّهُنَّ»","vol":"3","page":146},{"text":"٤٠٧٢ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الْجَارِيَةَ: «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهَا، إِلَّا عَوْرَتَهَا، وَعَوْرَتُهَا مَا بَيْنَ مَعْقَدِ إِزَارِهَا إِلَى رُكْبَتِهَا»\n\n٤٠٧٣ - فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ عِيسَى بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، وَصَالِحُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، وَكِلَاهُمَا ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"3","page":147},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-186>جِمَاعُ لُبْسِ الْمُصَلِّي</span>","vol":"3","page":148},{"text":"٤٠٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ﴾ [الأعراف: ٣١]، فَقِيلَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: الثِّيَابُ، وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ مَا قِيلَ،\n\n٤٠٧٥ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يُصَلِّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الثَّوْبِ الْوَاحِدِ، لَيْسَ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ» ⦗١٤٩⦘،\n\n٤٠٧٦ - فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنْ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ إِلَّا لَابِسًا، إِذَا قَدَرَ عَلَى مَا يَلْبَسُ،\n\n٤٠٧٧ - وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِغَسْلِ دَمِ الْحَيْضَةِ مِنَ الثَّوْبِ، وَالطَّهَارَةُ إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ، أَنْ لَا يُصَلِّيَ إِلَّا فِي ثَوْبٍ طَاهِرٍ\n\n٤٠٧٨ - قَالَ: وَإِذْ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِتَطْهِيرِ الْمَسْجِدِ مَنْ نَجَسٍ، لِأَنَّهُ يُصَلَّى فِيهِ، فَمَا يُصَلَّى فِيهِ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُطَهَّرَ\n\n٤٠٧٩ - وَقَدْ تَأَوَّلَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ﴾ [المدثر: ٤]، طَهِّرْ ثِيَابَكَ لِلصَّلَاةِ،\n\n٤٠٨٠ - وَتَأَوَّلَهَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":148},{"text":"٤٠٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّصْرَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ﴾ [الأعراف: ٣١] قَالَ: «الثِّيَابُ»","vol":"3","page":149},{"text":"٤٠٨٢ - وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ ⦗١٥٠⦘، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ﴾ [الأعراف: ٣١] قَالَ: «مَا وَارَى عَوْرَتَكَ، وَلَوْ عَبَاءَةً»\n\n٤٠٨٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ، كَانَتْ تَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ عَارِيَةٌ»، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ،\n\n٤٠٨٤ - وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ: ﴿قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ زِينَةَ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأعراف: ٣٢]","vol":"3","page":149},{"text":"٤٠٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَرَّاءُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ﴾ [المدثر: ٤]\n⦗١٥١⦘ قَالَ: يُقَالُ: «لَا تَكُنْ غَادِرًا فَتُدَنِّسَ ثِيَابَكَ، فَإِنَّ الْغَادِرَ دَنِسُ الثِّيَابِ»\n\n٤٠٨٦ - وَيُقَالُ: ﴿وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ﴾ [المدثر: ٤]، يَقُولُ: «وَعَمَلَكَ، فَأَصْلِحْ»\n\n٤٠٨٧ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: ﴿وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ﴾ [المدثر: ٤]، أَيْ قَصِّرْ، فَإِنَّ تَقْصِيرَ الثِّيَابِ طُهْرَةٌ\n\n٤٠٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَهَذَا التَّفْسِيرُ الْأَخِيرُ، يَرْجِعُ إِلَى تَطْهِيرِ الثِّيَابِ، مَعَ تَرْكِ الْخُيَلَاءِ\n\n٤٠٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «طَهِّرْهَا مِنَ الْإِثْمِ»،\n\n٤٠٩٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى، «قَلْبَكَ فَنَقِّهِ»\n\n٤٠٩١ - وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ «عَمَلَكَ فَأَصْلِحْهُ»\n\n٤٠٩٢ - وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ. وَقِيلَ: «ثِيَابَكَ، فَاغْسِلْ»\n\n٤٠٩٣ - وَأَمَّا الْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا، فَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُ بَعْضِهَا، وَسَيَأْتِي إِسْنَادُ الْبَاقِي، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.\n\n٤٠٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَعَوْرَةُ الرَّجُلِ، مَا دُونَ سُرَّتِهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتِهِ»","vol":"3","page":150},{"text":"٤٠٩٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جَرْهَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗١٥٢⦘: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، مَرَّ بِهِ وَهُوَ كَاشِفٌ فَخِذَهُ، فَقَالَ: «غَطِّهَا فَإِنَّ الْفَخِذَ مِنَ الْعَوْرَةِ»","vol":"3","page":151},{"text":"٤٠٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ زُرْعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جَرْهَدٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَكَانَ مَنْ أَصْحَابِ الصُّفَّةِ قَالَ: جَلَسَ عِنْدَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَفَخِذِي مُنْكَشِفَةٌ، فَقَالَ: «خَمِّرْ عَلَيْكَ، أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ الْفَخِذَ عَوْرَةٌ»، هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٤٠٩٧ - وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ جَرْهَدٍ، عَنْ جَرْهَدٍ\n\n٤٠٩٨ - فَقَالُ ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ: إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ جَرْهَدًا، كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ قَالَ: «جَلَسَ عِنْدَنَا»،\n\n٤٠٩٩ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَهُ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ","vol":"3","page":152},{"text":"٤١٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي آلُ جَرْهَدٍ، عَنْ جَرْهَدٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، مَرَّ بِهِ، وَهُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ⦗١٥٣⦘ وَعَلَيْهِ بُرْدَةٌ، وَقَدِ انْكَشَفَ فَخِذُهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «يَا جَرْهَدُ غَطِّ فَخِذَكَ، فَإِنَّ الْفَخِذَ عَوْرَةٌ»\n\n٤١٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ بِهَذَا","vol":"3","page":152},{"text":"٤١٠٢ - قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ أَيْضًا، عَنْ سَالِمِ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، سَمِعَهُ مِنْ زُرْعَةَ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ جَرْهَدٍ ⦗١٥٤⦘: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِجَرْهَدٍ هَذَا، وَقَدِ انْكَشَفَ فَخِذُهُ، فَقَالَ: «غَطِّهَا، فَإِنَّ الْفَخِذَ عَوْرَةٌ»\n\n٤١٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِمَعْمَرٍ\n\n٤١٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْفَخِذُ عَوْرَةٌ»،\n\n٤١٠٥ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي قِصَّةِ عُثْمَانَ، وَكَشْفِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ فَخِذَيْهِ، أَوْ سَاقَيْهِ، حَتَّى أُدْخِلَ مَشْكُوكٌ فِيهِ ⦗١٥٥⦘،\n\n٤١٠٦ - وَرُوِيَ فِي تِلْكَ الْقِصَّةِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ وَضَعَ ثَوْبَهُ بَيْنَ فَخِذَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عُثْمَانُ أَخَذَ ثَوْبَهُ فَتَجَلَّلَهُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَخَذَ بِطَرَفِ ثَوْبِهِ، فَوَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ فَخِذَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَنْكَشِفُ بِذَلِكَ فِي الْغَالِبِ رُكْبَتَاهُ دُونَ فَخِذَيْهِ.\n\n٤١٠٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ فِي مَكَانٍ فِيهِ مَاءٌ، قَدْ كَشَفَ عَنْ رُكْبَتَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا أَقْبَلَ عُثْمَانُ غَطَّاهُمَا،\n\n٤١٠٨ - فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْفَخِذَ لَيْسَتْ بِعَوْرَةٍ","vol":"3","page":153},{"text":"٤١٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الثَّوْبِ الْوَاحِدِ، لَيْسَ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ","vol":"3","page":155},{"text":"٤١١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أُحُدُكُمْ فِي الثَّوْبِ الْوَاحِدِ، لَيْسَ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ» ⦗١٥٦⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"3","page":155},{"text":"٤١١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَرَوَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «أَمَرَ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي فِي الثَّوْبِ الْوَاحِدِ، أَنْ يَشْتَمِلَ بِالثَّوْبِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَإِنْ ضَاقَ اتَّزَرَهُ»","vol":"3","page":156},{"text":"٤١١٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ، رَوَاهُ فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي اشْتِمَالِهِ بِثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَصَلَاتِهِ إِلَى جَنْبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «يَا جَابِرُ مَا هَذَا الِاشْتِمَالُ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ؟» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَانَ ثَوْبًا وَاحِدًا ضَيِّقًا قَالَ: «إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ، وَعَلَيْكَ ثَوْبٌ وَاحِدٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَ وَاسِعًا، فَالْتَحِفْ بِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ضَيِّقًا فَاتَّزِرْ بِهِ»\n\n٤١١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ فُلَيْحٍ\n\n٤١١٤ - وَرُوِيَ مَعْنَاهُ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ⦗١٥٧⦘،\n\n٤١١٥ - وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ","vol":"3","page":156},{"text":"٤١١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُصَلِّي فِي مِرْطٍ، بَعْضُهُ عَلَيَّ، وَبَعْضُهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ»","vol":"3","page":157},{"text":"٤١١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَاحْتَمَلَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا يُصَلِّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الثَّوْبِ الْوَاحِدِ لَيْسَ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ»، أَنْ يَكُونَ اخْتِيَارًا، وَاحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَا يُجْزِئُهُ غَيْرُهُ، فَلَمَّا حَكَى جَابِرٌ مَا وَصَفَتْ، وَحَكَتْ مَيْمُونَةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ بَعْضُهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَبَعْضُهُ عَلَيْهَا، دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ صَلَّى فِيمَا صَلَّى فِيهِ مُؤْتَزِرًا بِهِ، لَا يَسْتُرُهُ أَبَدًا إِلَّا مُؤْتَزِرًا، إِذَا كَانَ بَعْضُهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ،\n\n٤١١٨ - فَعَلِمْنَا أَنَّ نَهْيَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِي الثَّوْبِ الْوَاحِدِ، لَيْسَ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ، اخْتِيَارٌ، وَأَنَّهُ يُجْزِئُ الرَّجُلَ، وَالْمَرْأَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ كَذَا مُتَوَارِيَ الْعَوْرَةِ","vol":"3","page":157},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-187>الصَّلَاةُ فِي الْقَمِيصِ الْوَاحِدِ</span>","vol":"3","page":158},{"text":"٤١١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَطَّافُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا نَكُونُ فِي الصَّيْدِ، فَيُصَلِّي أَحَدُنَا فِي الْقَمِيصِ الْوَاحِدِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَلْيَزُرَّهُ، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَجِدْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَخُلَّهُ بِشَوْكَةٍ»\n\n٤١٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَيَاهُ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ","vol":"3","page":158},{"text":"٤١٢١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدٍ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي قَمِيصٍ» ⦗١٥٩⦘\n\n٤١٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَلَا يَجُوزُ السَّدْلُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَا فِي غَيْرِهَا لِلْخُيَلَاءِ، فَأَمَّا السَّدْلُ لِغَيْرِ الْخُيَلَاءِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَهُوَ خَفِيفٌ، لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ إِزَارِي سَقَطَ مِنْ أَحَدِ شِقَيَّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «لَسْتَ مِنْهُمْ»","vol":"3","page":158},{"text":"٤١٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمَّا ذَكَرَ فِي الْإِزَارِ مَا ذَكَرَ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِزَارِي يَسْقُطُ مَنْ أَحَدِ شِقَيَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِنْهُمْ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ\n\n٤١٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ جَرَّ ثَوْبَهُ خُيَلَاءَ، لَمْ يَنْظُرِ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»\n\n٤١٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنِ السَّدْلِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ» ⦗١٦٠⦘\n\n٤١٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ صَلَاةَ رَجُلٍ مُسْبِلٍ إِزَارَهُ»\n\n٤١٢٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى خِفَّةِ الْأَمْرِ فِيهِ، إِذَا كَانَ لِغَيْرِ الْخُيَلَاءِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":159},{"text":"٤١٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَنَّاقَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي مَجْلِسِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ، فَمَرَّ شَابٌّ قَدْ أَسْبَلَ إِزَارَهُ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: ارْفَعْ إِزَارَكَ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ جَرِّ إِزَارَهُ خُيَلَاءً، لَمْ يَنْظُرِ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ» وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مَنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَنَّاقَ","vol":"3","page":160},{"text":"٤١٢٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا الْأُسْتَاذُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُسْلِمُ بْنُ يَنَّاقَ الْمَكِّيُّ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ، وَرَأَى رَجُلًا بِمَكَّةَ، يَجُرُّ إِزَارَهُ، فَقَالَ: مِمَّنْ أَنْتَ، فَانْتَسِبْ لَهُ، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ، فَعَرَفَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: ارْفَعْ إِزَارَكَ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأُذُنِي هَاتَيْنِ، يَقُولُ: «مَنْ جَرَّ إِزَارَهُ، لَا يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ إِلَّا الْمَخْيلَةَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»","vol":"3","page":160},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-188>الْكَلَامُ الَّذِي لَا يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ</span>","vol":"3","page":161},{"text":"٤١٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ، خَاطَبْتَ بِهِ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، وَدَعَوْتَهُ بِهِ، فَلَا بَأْسَ ⦗١٦٢⦘،\n\n٤١٣١ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمَّا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ، مِنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، وَسَلَمَةَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، وَعَيَّاشَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِمَكَّةَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشْدُدْ وَطْأَتَكَ عَلَى مُضَرَ، وَاجْعَلْهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سِنِينَ، كَسِنِيِّ يُوسُفَ»","vol":"3","page":161},{"text":"٤١٣٢ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، «قَنَتَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ، يَدْعُو عَلَى قَوْمٍ يُسَمِّيهِمْ، وَأَشْيَاعِهِمْ»، فَقُلْنَا: «آمِينَ»","vol":"3","page":162},{"text":"٤١٣٣ - وَقَالَ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْقِلٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَنَتَ بِهِمْ، يَدْعُو عَلَى قَوْمٍ، يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ فُلَانًا بَادِئًا، وفُلَانًا، حَتَّى عَدَّ نَفَرًا»","vol":"3","page":162},{"text":"٤١٣٤ - وَقَالَ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ ظَبْيَانَ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنَ الْخَوَارِجِ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: ﴿وَلَقَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ، وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ﴾ [الزمر: ٦٥] الْآيَةَ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: \" ﴿فَاصْبِرْ، إِنَّ وَعَدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ، وَلَا يَسْتَخِفَّنَّكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُوقِنُونَ﴾ [الروم: ٦٠]، وَهُوَ رَاكِعٌ \"","vol":"3","page":163},{"text":"٤١٣٥ - وَقَالَ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: خَبَطَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحَصَى بِيَدِهِ خَبْطَةً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقَالَ: «لَبَّيْكَ، وَسَعْدَيْكَ»\n\n٤١٣٦ - وَعَنْ عُبَادَةَ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَنَحْوَهُ","vol":"3","page":163},{"text":"٤١٣٧ - قَالَ: وَرَوَى هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ، كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ: أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، رَكَعَ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ ِرَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ، قِيلَ لَهُ: كَأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ رَاعَكَ، قَالَ: أَجَلْ، إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ، حَتَّى تُتَّخَذَ الْمَسَاجِدُ طُرُقًا، وَحَتَّى يُسَلِّمَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ لِلْمَعْرِفَةِ»\n\n٤١٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا عِنْدَهُمْ نَقْضٌ لِلصَّلَاةِ، إِذَا تَكَلَّمَ مِثْلَ هَذَا، يُرِيدُ بِهِ الْجَوَابَ، وَهُمْ لَا يَرْوُونَ خِلَافَ هَذَا عَنْ أَحَدٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٤١٣٩ - وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْكَلَامِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ الْمَنْهِيِّ عَنْهُ، لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ بِهِ\n\n٤١٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَمَا خَاطَبَ بِهِ الْمُصَلِّي رَبَّهُ، مِنْ أَيِّ كَلَامٍ كَانَ، لَمْ يَقْطَعْهُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗١٦٤⦘،\n\n٤١٤١ - أَلَا تَرَى، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَعَا عَلَى رِجَالٍ، وَلِرِجَالٍ يُسَمِّيهِمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ، وَأَنَّهُ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُقَالَ: «آمِينَ، وَرَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ»\n\n٤١٤٢ - وَأَنَّ رَجُلًا دَعَا عَلَى كَلْبٍ فَمَاتَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَقَدْ دَعَوْتَ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَاعَةٍ لَوْ دَعَوْتَ بِهَا عَلَى كَذَا، لَأُجِبْتَ»","vol":"3","page":163},{"text":"٤١٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الطَّيِّبِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ طَرِيفٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَصَلَّى بِنَا الْعَصْرَ فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ، إِذْ مَرَّ بِهِمْ كَلْبٌ، فَقَطَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ الصَّلَاةَ، فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ، فَمَا بَلَغَتْ رِجْلَهُ، حَتَّى مَاتَ، فَانْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «مَنِ الدَّاعِي عَلَى هَذَا الْكَلْبِ آنِفًا؟»، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: «وَالَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ، لَقَدْ دَعَوْتَ اللَّهَ بِاسْمِهِ، الَّذِي إِذَا دُعِيَ بِهِ أَجَابَ، وَإِذَا سُئِلَ بِهِ أَعْطَى، وَلَوْ دَعَوْتَ بِهَذَا الِاسْمِ لِجَمِيعِ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنْ يُغْفَرَ لَهُمْ لَغُفِرَ لَهُمْ»، قَالُوا: كَيْفَ دَعَوْتَ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِأَنَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدَ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، الْمَنَّانَ، بَدِيعَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ، اكْفِنَا هَذَا الْكَلْبَ بِمَا شِئْتَ، وَكَيْفَ شِئْتَ»، فَمَا بَرِحَ حَتَّى مَاتَ.\n\n٤١٤٤ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ فِيهِ انْقِطَاعٌ، وَضَعْفٌ،\n\n٤١٤٥ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مُرْسَلًا مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"3","page":164},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-189>التَّسْبِيحُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، يُرِيدُ بِهِ التَّنْبِيهَ</span>","vol":"3","page":165},{"text":"٤١٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" وَكُلُّ كَلَامٍ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ آدَمِيٌّ فِي صَلَاةٍ: مِنْ تَسْبِيحٍ، أَوْ ذِكْرٍ لِلَّهِ ﷿، أَوْ أَرَادَ بِهِ أَنْ يَفْهَمَ آدَمِيٌّ، فَلَا يُفْسِدُ عَلَيْهِ صَلَاتَهُ \"\n\n٤١٤٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ح","vol":"3","page":165},{"text":"٤١٤٨ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَحَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ: أَتُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ، فَأُقِيمَ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَتَخَلَّصَ، حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ، فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، لَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ التَّصْفِيقَ ⦗١٦٦⦘، الْتَفَتَ، فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنِ امْكُثْ مَكَانَكَ، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَتَّى اسْتَوَى فِي الصَّفِّ، وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ، إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ» قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَا لِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمُ التَّصْفِيحَ؟ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتُفِتَ إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيحُ لِلنِّسَاءِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":165},{"text":"٤١٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، يَقُولُ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَأَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ، فَاحْتَبَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٦٧⦘، يَتَخَلَّلُ الصُّفُوفَ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى الصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَخَذَ النَّاسُ فِي التَّصْفِيقِ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَجُلًا لَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْتَفَتَ، فَأَبْصَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنِ اثْبُتْ، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَشَكَرَ اللَّهَ وَرَجَعَ الْقَهْقَرَى، وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ: «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ حِينَ أَشَرْتُ إِلَيْكَ؟» قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ، أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ انْحَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَى النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: \" يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَا لَكُمْ حِينَ نَابَكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ شَيْءٌ، أَكْثَرْتُمُ التَّصْفِيقَ، إِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ، وَالتَّسْبِيحُ لِلرِّجَالِ، فَمَنْ نَابَهُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ شَيْءٌ، فَلْيَقُلْ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ \"\n\n٤١٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ح","vol":"3","page":166},{"text":"٤١٥١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «التَّسْبِيحُ لِلرِّجَالِ، وَالتَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ»\n\n٤١٥٢ - هَذَا حَدِيثُ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَسَقَطَ مِنْ إِسْنَادِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، ذِكْرُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"3","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-190>الْكَلَامُ الَّذِي يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ</span>","vol":"3","page":168},{"text":"٤١٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ لَحَنُوا لِلْإِمَامِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ غَيْرِ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ تِلَاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ لِيُفْهِمُوهُ، ذَاكِرِينَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ فِي صَلَاةٍ، قَطَعَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَاتَهُمْ،\n\n٤١٥٤ - وَقَالَ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَمَا خَاطَبَ بِهِ الْمَرْءُ رَجُلًا مِنْ كَلَامِ الْآدَمَيِّينَ مُجِيبًا، أَوْ مُبْتَدِئًا قَطَعَ صَلَاتَهُ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَصْلُحُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِ النَّاسِ»","vol":"3","page":168},{"text":"٤١٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُتْبَةَ ⦗١٦٩⦘ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْحِجَازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حِمْيَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، إِذْ عَطَسَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، فَحَدَقَنِي الْقَوْمُ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ، فَقُلْتُ: وَا ثُكْلَ أُمَّيَاهُ مَا لَكُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيَّ؟ قَالَ: فَضَرَبُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ عَلَى أَفْخَاذِهِمْ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُمْ يُسْكِتُونَنِي، لَكِنِّي سَكَتُّ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ دَعَانِي، فَبِأَبِي وَأُمِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَا رَأَيْتُ مُعَلِّمًا قَبْلَهُ، وَلَا بَعْدَهُ أَحْسَنَ تَعْلِيمًا مِنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ مَا كَهَرَنِي، وَلَا ضَرَبَنِي، وَلَا سَبَّنِي قَالَ: «إِنَّ صَلَاتَنَا هَذِهِ، لَا يَصْلُحُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِ النَّاسِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ التَّكْبِيرُ، وَالتَّسْبِيحُ، وَتِلَاوَةُ الْقُرْآنِ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ","vol":"3","page":168},{"text":"٤١٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا نُسَلِّمُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ أَتَيْتُهُ لِأُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَوَجَدْتُهُ يُصَلِّي، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ، فَأَخَذَنِي مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ، فَجَلَسْتُ حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ أَتَيْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ، وَإِنَّ مِمَّا أَحْدَثَ اللَّهُ، أَنْ قَضَى أَنْ لَا تَكَلَّمُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٤١٥٧ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَهُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: «وَإِنَّ مِمَّا أَحْدَثَ اللَّهُ، أَنْ لَا تَكَلَّمُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٤١٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْعَطَّارُ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: فَرَدَّ عَلَيَّ السَّلَامَ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ، وَاللَّفْظُ مُخْتَلِفٌ، وَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةَ","vol":"3","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-191>الْحَدَثُ الَّذِي يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ</span>","vol":"3","page":171},{"text":"٤١٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَّاجُ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مِفْتَاحُ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُضُوءُ، وَتَحْرِيمُهَا التَّكْبِيرُ، وَتَحْلِيلُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ»\n\n٤١٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، لَا تَحْرُمُ الصَّلَاةُ، إِلَّا بِالتَّكْبِيرِ، وَلَا تَنْقَضِي الصَّلَاةُ إِلَّا بِالتَّسْلِيمِ، فَمَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلًا مِمَّا يُفْسِدُ الصَّلَاةَ، فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ إِلَى أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ، فَقَدْ أَفْسَدَ، لِأَنَّهُ وَافَقَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":171},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-192>مَنْ سَبَقَهُ حَدَثٌ، أَوْ رُعَافٌ، أَوْ قَيْءٌ وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":172},{"text":"٤١٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا رَعَفَ، انْصَرَفَ، فَتَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فَبَنَى، وَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ»،\n\n٤١٦٢ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ: وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِثْلُهُ","vol":"3","page":172},{"text":"٤١٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ أَصَابَهُ رُعَافٌ، أَوْ مَنْ وَجَدَ رُعَافًا، أَوْ مَذْيًا، أَوْ قَيْئًا، انْصَرَفَ، فَتَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَبَنَى»","vol":"3","page":172},{"text":"٤١٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جَرِيحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ «كَانَ يُفْتِي الرَّجُلَ، إِذَا رَعَفَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، أَوْ ذَرَعَهُ قَيْءٌ، أَوْ وَجَدَ مَذْيًا، أَنْ يَنْصَرِفَ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعَ، فَيَبْنِيَ عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ»\n\n٤١٦٥ - قَالَ سَالِمٌ: وَكَانَ مِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ يَقُولُ: يَبْتَدِئُ صَلَاتَهُ،\n\n٤١٦٦ - كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ شَيْخِي قَالَ سَالِمٌ: وَالْمَحْفُوظُ أَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ، هُوَ الَّذِي حَكَاهُ عَنْ مِسْوَرٍ","vol":"3","page":173},{"text":"٤١٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «إِذَا وَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فِي بَطْنِهِ رُزْءًا، أَوْ قَيْئًا، أَوْ رُعَافًا، فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ، فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، فَإِنْ تَكَلَّمَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمِ احْتَسَبَ بِمَا صَلَّى»\n\n٤١٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٤١٦٩ - وَبِهَذِهِ الْآثَارِ كَانَ يَقُولُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، وَفِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: فِي جَوَازِ الْبِنَاءِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ،\n\n٤١٧٠ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْجُمُعَةِ: فِي الرَّجُلِ يَدْخُلُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَخَرَجَ يَسْتَرْعِفُ، فَأَحَبُّ الْأَقَاوِيلِ إِلَيَّ فِيهِ: أَنَّهُ قَاطَعٌ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ ⦗١٧٤⦘،\n\n٤١٧١ - وَهَكَذَا إِنْ كَانَ بِجَسَدِهِ، أَوْ ثَوْبِهِ نَجَاسَةٌ، فَخَرَجَ، فَغَسَلَهَا، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي حَالٍ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ فِيهَا الصَّلَاةُ مَا كَانَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ يَبْنِي عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٤١٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":173},{"text":"٤١٧٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا بِقَوْلِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَبَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نَمِرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «يُسْتَأْنَفُ» يَعْنِي فِي الرُّعَافِ\n\n٤١٧٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ بِأَنْ قَالَ: لَا نَعْرِفُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، انْفَتَلَ مِنْ صَلَاةٍ قَطُّ، إِلَّا سَاهِيًا، فَبَنَى وَلَمْ نَعْرِفْ أَنَّهُ بَنَى عَلَى حَدَثٍ مِنْ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّى بَعْضَهَا،\n\n٤١٧٥ - فَلَمَّا اخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، كَانَ قَوْلُ الْمِسْوَرِ أَشْبَهَهَا، لِأَنِّي لَا أَعْلَمُ خِلَافًا، أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ وَلَّى ظَهْرَهُ الْقِبْلَةَ عَامِدًا، أَعَادَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَالرَّاعِفُ يُوَلِّي ظَهْرَهُ الْقِبْلَةَ عَامِدًا\n\n٤١٧٦ - قَالَ أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ، وَالرَّبِيعُ، وَالْحُجَّةُ أَيْضًا فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا تُجْزِئُ صَلَاةٌ بِغَيْرِ طُهُورٍ»","vol":"3","page":174},{"text":"٤١٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗١٧٥⦘:  «لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ صَدَقَةً مِنْ غُلُولٍ، وَلَا صَلَاةً بِغَيْرِ طُهُورٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَائِدَةَ","vol":"3","page":174},{"text":"٤١٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الطُّوسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ حِطَّانَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ طَلْقٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا فَسَا أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ، فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، وَلْيُعِدْ صَلَاتَهُ»\n\n٤١٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَوْلُهُ: «فَلَا يَنْصَرِفَنَّ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ صَوْتًا، أَوْ يَجِدَ رِيحًا»، قَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ، وَذَكَرْنَا فِيهِ عِلَّةَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ فِي الرُّعَافِ","vol":"3","page":175},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-193>مَا يَجُوزُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":176},{"text":"٤١٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «مَا كَانَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ خَفِيفٍ، لَمْ يَقْطَعِ الصَّلَاةَ، وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ الْإِشَارَةِ بِرَدِّ السَّلَامِ، وَغَيْرِهِ»","vol":"3","page":176},{"text":"٤١٨١ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَسْجِدَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي، وَدَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَيْهِ»، فَسَأَلْتُ صُهَيْبًا: كَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ: «كَانَ يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهِمْ» ⦗١٧٧⦘\n\n٤١٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَالَ: «كَانَ يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهِمْ بِيَدِهِ» وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ بِلَالٍ\n\n٤١٨٣ - وَكَانَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، يَقُولُ: كِلَا الْحَدِيثَيْنِ عِنْدِي صَحِيحٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا","vol":"3","page":176},{"text":"٤١٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ نَابِلٍ، صَاحِبِ الْعَبَاءِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ صُهَيْبٍ قَالَ: «مَرَرْتُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَدَّ إِلَيَّ إِشَارَةً بِإِصْبَعِهِ»","vol":"3","page":177},{"text":"٤١٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِحَاجَتِهِ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكْتُهُ، وَهُوَ يَسِيرُ، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيَّ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ دَعَانِي، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّكَ سَلَّمْتَ عَلَيَّ آنِفًا، وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي»، وَهُوَ مُوَجِّهٌ، حِينَئِذٍ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ ⦗١٧٨⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ","vol":"3","page":177},{"text":"٤١٨٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَتْ: «دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُصَلِّي»، فَقُلْتُ: «يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مَا شَأْنُ النَّاسِ؟»، فَأَشَارَتْ بِيَدِهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالَتْ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، فَقُلْتُ: «آيَةٌ؟»، فَأَشَارَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا أَنْ نَعَمْ\n\n٤١٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ: بِرَأْسِهَا. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٤١٨٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ إِشَارَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهَا بِيَدِهِ ⦗١٧٩⦘\n\n٤١٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ إِشَارَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اجْلِسُوا\n\n٤١٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُشِيرُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ بِيَدِهِ\n\n٤١٩١ - وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُشِيرُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٤١٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا سُلِّمَ عَلَى أَحَدِكُمْ، وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فَلَا يَتَكَلَّمْ، وَلَكِنْ يُشِيرُ بِيَدِهِ»\n\n٤١٩٣ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي غَطَفَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا: «وَمَنْ أَشَارَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ إِشَارَةً تُفْهَمُ عَنْهُ، فَلْيُعِدْهَا»، لَا يَصِحُّ","vol":"3","page":178},{"text":"٤١٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ: «أَبُو غَطَفَانَ هَذَا رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ»\n\n٤١٩٥ - وَآخِرُ الْحَدِيثِ، يُرِيدُ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةَ فِي الْإِشَارَةِ، زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ،\n\n٤١٩٦ - وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُشِيرُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، رَوَاهُ أَنَسٌ، وَجَابِرٌ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا\n\n٤١٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَوْمَأَ بِرَأْسِهِ، حِينَ سُلِّمَ عَلَيْهِ»،\n\n٤١٩٨ - وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَأْخُذُ بِهِ،\n\n٤١٩٩ - وَرِوَايَةُ مَنْ رَوَى فِي حَدِيثِهِ أَنَّهُ رَدَّ ﵇، بَعْدَ فَرَاغِهِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي ثُبُوتِهَا نَظَرٌ،\n\n٤٢٠٠ - وَحَدِيثُ صُهَيْبٍ، وَبِلَالٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْأَنْصَارِ، بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٤٢٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمِثْلُ حَمَلِ الصَّبِيِّ، وَوَضْعِهِ","vol":"3","page":180},{"text":"٤٢٠٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الطَّهْمَانِيُّ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشافعي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ ⦗١٨١⦘ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ، وَهُوَ حَامِلٌ أُمَامَةَ بِنْتَ زَيْنَبَ، فَإِذَا سَجَدَ وَضَعَهَا، وَإِذَا قَامَ رَفَعَهَا»","vol":"3","page":180},{"text":"٤٢٠٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، وَابْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «يَؤُمُّ النَّاسَ، وَأُمَامَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ وَهِيَ بِنْتُ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ، فَإِذَا رَكَعَ وَضَعَهَا، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ السُّجُودِ أَعَادَهَا»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْهُمَا","vol":"3","page":181},{"text":"٤٢٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي، وَهُوَ حَامِلٌ أُمَامَةَ بِنْتَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهِيَ لِأَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، فَإِذَا سَجَدَ وَضَعَهَا، وَإِذَا قَامَ حَمْلَهَا» ⦗١٨٢⦘،\n\n٤٢٠٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، وَهُوَ مَنْقُولٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٤٢٠٦ - وَهَكَذَا يَقُولُ مَالِكٌ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ أَبُو الْعَاصِ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ\n\n٤٢٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَمِثْلُ التَّقَدُّمِ مِنَ الْمَوْضِعِ، إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ","vol":"3","page":181},{"text":"٤٢٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فِيهِ: قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَأَيْنَاكَ تَنَاوَلْتَ فِي مَقَامِكَ هَذَا شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ رَأَيْنَاكَ كَأَنَّكَ تَكَعْكَعْتَ قَالَ: «إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْجَنَّةَ، أَوْ أُرِيتُ الْجَنَّةَ، فَتَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا عُنْقُودًا، وَلَوْ أَخَذْتُهُ، لَأَكَلْتُمْ مِنْهُ مَا بَقِيَتِ الدُّنْيَا»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ﷿،\n\n٤٢٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخُسُوفِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَتَأَخَّرَتِ الصُّفُوفُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فَتَقَدَّمَتِ الصُّفُوفُ مَعَهُ","vol":"3","page":182},{"text":"٤٢١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بكرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَمُسَدَّدٌ الْمَعْنَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بُرْدٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «يُصَلِّي، وَالْبَابُ عَلَيْهِ مُغْلَقٌ، فَجِئْتُ، فَاسْتَفْتَحْتُ، فَمَشَى، فَفَتَحَ لِي، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مُصَلَّاهُ»، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ الْبَابَ كَانَ فِي اتِّجَاهِ الْقِبْلَةِ","vol":"3","page":183},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-194>قَتْلُ الْحَيَّةِ وَالْعَقْرَبِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":184},{"text":"٤٢١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فِي الْقَدِيمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ ضَمْضَمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ الْأَسْوَدَيْنِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ: الْحَيَّةِ، وَالْعَقْرَبِ \"\n\n٤٢١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"3","page":184},{"text":"٤٢١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي، فَرَأَى رِيشَةً، فَظَنَّ أَنَّهَا عَقْرَبٌ، فَضَرَبَهَا بِرِجْلِهِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"3","page":184},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-195>دَفْعُ الْمَارِّ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْمُصَلِّي</span>","vol":"3","page":185},{"text":"٤٢١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُكُمْ يُصَلِّي، فَلَا يَدَعْ أَحَدًا يَمُرُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَلْيَدْرَأْهُ مَا اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنَّ أَبَى فَلْيُقَاتِلْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ»\n\n٤٢١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَلْيَدْرَأْهُ»، وَقَالَ: «فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الشَّيْطَانُ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ⦗١٨٦⦘\n\n٤٢١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ، قَوْلُهُ: «فَلْيُقَاتِلْهُ» يَعْنِي: فَلْيَدْفَعْهُ","vol":"3","page":185},{"text":"٤٢١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ «إِذَا مَرَّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ رَجُلٌ، وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، الْتَزَمَهُ حَتَّى يَرُدَّهُ»","vol":"3","page":186},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-196>الِاخْتِيَارُ فِي سُتْرَةِ الْمُصَلِّي وَالدُّنُوِّ مِنْهَا</span>","vol":"3","page":187},{"text":"٤٢١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى سُتْرَةٍ، فَلْيَدْنُ مِنْهَا، لَا يَقْطَعُ الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَيْهِ صَلَاتَهُ» ⦗١٨٨⦘، رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٤٢١٩ - قَالَ: وَرَوَاهُ وَاقِدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَوْ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ.\n\n٤٢٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ مُرْسَلًا، وَالَّذِي أَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ حَافِظٌ ثِقَةٌ\n\n٤٢٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَسْتَتِرَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ بِمِثْلِ مُؤَخِّرَةِ الرَّحْلِ، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، وَيَكُونَ بَيْنَهُ، وَبَيْنَ السُّتْرَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَذْرُعٍ، أَوْ أَقْرَبُ","vol":"3","page":187},{"text":"٤٢٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ أَحَدِكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ مِثْلُ مُؤَخِّرَةِ الرَّحْلِ، فَلْيُصَلِّ، وَلَا يُبَالِي مَنْ مَرَّ وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عَفَّانَ ⦗١٨٩⦘، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ","vol":"3","page":188},{"text":"٤٢٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ بَيْنَ مُصَلَّى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبَيْنَ الْجِدَارِ مَمَرُّ الشَّاةِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ","vol":"3","page":189},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-197>الصَّلَاةُ إِلَى الْعَنَزَةِ، أَوِ الْعَصَا، إِنْ كَانَ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ، وَمَا وَرَدَ فِي الْخَطِّ</span>","vol":"3","page":190},{"text":"٤٢٢٤ - رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْأَبْطَحِ، وَخَرَجَ بِلَالٌ بِالْعَنَزَةِ، فَرَكَزَهَا، فَصَلَّى إِلَيْهَا، وَالْكَلْبُ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ، وَالْحِمَارُ يَمُرُّونَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ» وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ فِي كِتَابِ الْإِمَامَةِ،\n\n٤٢٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَوْنٍ","vol":"3","page":190},{"text":"٤٢٢٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ حُرَيْثٍ الْعُذْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ: «إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ، فَلْيَجْعَلْ تِلْقَاءَ وَجْهِهِ شَيْئًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ، فَلْيَنْصِبْ عَصًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ عَصًا، فَلْيَخْطُطْ خَطًّا، ثُمَّ لَا يَضُرُّهُ مَا مَرَّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ»\n\n٤٢٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٤٢٢٨ - قَالَ بِشْرٌ: سَأَلْتُ الْحُمَيْدِيَّ عَنِ الْخَطِّ، فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيَّ مِثْلَ الْهِلَالِ الْعَظِيمِ\n\n٤٢٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ، قَدْ أَخَذَ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، وَفِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ،\n\n٤٢٣٠ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَلَا يَخُطَّ الْمُصَلِّي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ خَطًّا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ فَيُتَّبَعَ\n\n٤٢٣١ - وَإِنَّمَا تَوَقَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي صِحَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ، لِاخْتِلَافِ الرُّوَاةِ عَلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ فِي أَبِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ: فَقِيلَ: هَكَذَا، وَقِيلَ: عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ ⦗١٩٢⦘.\n\n٤٢٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فِي حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، ثُمَّ شَكَّ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَوْ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ\n\n٤٢٣٣ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: كَانَ جَاءَنَا إِنْسَانٌ بَصْرِيٌّ، بَعْدَمَا مَاتَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، فَطَلَبَ هَذَا الشَّيْخَ أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ، حَتَّى وَجَدَهُ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ، فَخَلَطَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n٤٢٣٤ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَلَمْ نَجِدْ شَيْئًا شَدَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، وَلَمْ يَجِئْ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ\n\n٤٢٣٥ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَكَانَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ إِذَا حَدَّثَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، يَقُولُ: عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ تَشُدُّونَهُ بِهِ؟","vol":"3","page":191},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-198>الصَّلَاةُ إِلَى غَيْرِ سُتْرَةٍ</span>","vol":"3","page":193},{"text":"٤٢٣٦ - قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِمِنًى إِلَى غَيْرِ جِدَارٍ، فَجِئْتُ رَاكِبًا عَلَى حِمَارٍ لِي، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ قَدْ رَاهَقْتُ الِاحْتِلَامَ، فَمَرَرْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ بَعْضِ الصَّفِّ، فَنَزَلْتُ، فَأَرْسَلَتُ الْحِمَارَ يَرْتَعُ، وَدَخَلْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ أَحَدٌ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":193},{"text":"٤٢٣٧ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَنَاسِكِ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «أَقْبَلْتُ رَاكِبًا عَلَى أَتَانٍ، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذُ قَدْ نَاهَزْتُ الِاحْتِلَامَ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ، فَمَرَرْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ بَعْضِ الصَّفِّ، فَنَزَلْتُ، فَأَرْسَلْتُ حِمَارِيَ تَرْتَعُ، وَدَخَلْتُ الصَّفَّ، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ أَحَدٌ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كُلُّهُمْ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٤٢٣٨ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ: «إِلَى غَيْرِ جِدَارٍ»، وَذَكَرَهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَنَاسِكِ\n\n٤٢٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «إِلَى غَيْرِ جِدَارٍ»، يَعْنِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: إِلَى غَيْرِ سُتْرَةٍ","vol":"3","page":194},{"text":"٤٢٤٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «يُصَلِّي مِمَّا يَلِي بَابَ بَنِي سَهْمٍ، وَالنَّاسُ يَمُرُّونَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ، وَبَيْنَ الطَّوَافِ سُتْرَةٌ»","vol":"3","page":194},{"text":"٤٢٤١ - اسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ، بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْمُطَّلِبِ عَلَى أَنَّ أَمْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، الْمُصَلِّيَ بِالدُّنُوِّ مِنَ السُّتْرَةِ اخْتِيَارٌ، وَأَمْرَهُ بِالْخَطِّ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ اخْتِيَارٌ،\n\n٤٢٤٢ - وَقَوْلُهُ: «لَا يُفْسِدِ الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَيْهِ صَلَاتَهُ»، أَنْ يَلْهُوَ بِبَعْضٍ مِمَّا يَمُرُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَيَصِيرُ إِلَى أَنْ يُحْدِثَ مَا يُفْسِدُهَا، لَا بِمُرُورِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ\n\n٤٢٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"3","page":195},{"text":"٤٢٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ: أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ «كَانَ يَمُرُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ النَّاسِ، وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ»\n\n٤٢٤٥ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَأَنَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ وَاسِعًا، إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ\n\n٤٢٤٦ - حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ اعْتَرَاضَ مَنِ اعْتَرَضَ فِي هَذَا عَلَى مَالِكٍ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ فِي الذَّبِّ عَنْهُ، فَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ، إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ فِي الْمُرُورِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْمُتَنَفِّلِينَ الَّذِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَطْعُ النَّافِلَةِ للمَكْتُوبَةِ، وَلَا يَجِدُ الدَّاخِلُ طَرِيقًا، غَيْرَ الْمَمَرِّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ","vol":"3","page":195},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-199>مُرُورُ الْحِمَارِ، وَالْكَلْبِ، وَالْمَرْأَةِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْمُصَلِّي، لَا يُفْسِدُ عَلَيْهِ صَلَاتَهُ</span>","vol":"3","page":196},{"text":"٤٢٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «جِئْتُ أَنَا وَالْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، عَلَى أَتَانٍ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي، فَمَرَرْنَا عَلَى بَعْضِ الصَّفِّ، فَنَزَلْنَا، فَتَرَكْنَاهَا تَرْتَعُ، وَدَخَلْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَنَا شَيْئًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"3","page":196},{"text":"٤٢٤٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «أَتَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَنَحْنُ فِي بَادِيَةٍ، وَمَعَهُ عَبَّاسٌ، فَصَلَّى فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ سُتْرَةٌ، وَحِمَارَةٌ لَنَا، وَكَلْبَةٌ تَعْبَثَانِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَمَا بَالَى ذَلِكَ» ⦗١٩٧⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n٤٢٤٩ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"3","page":196},{"text":"٤٢٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ أَنَامُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرِجْلَايَ فِي قِبْلَتِهِ، فَإِذَا سَجَدَ غَمَزَنِي، فَقَبَضْتُ رِجْلَيَّ، وَإِذَا قَامَ بَسَطْتُهُمَا» قَالَتْ: «وَالْبُيُوتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ، لَيْسَ فِيهَا مَصَابِيحُ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":197},{"text":"٤٢٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ أَنَامُ مُعْتَرِضَةً فِي الْقِبْلَةِ، فَيُصَلِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَا أَمَامَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوتِرَ قَالَ: «تَنَحَّيْ» ⦗١٩٨⦘\n\n٤٢٥٢ - وَرُوِيَ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، بِبَعْضِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مِنَ الدَّلَائِلِ الَّتِي فِيهَا أَنْ لَا بَأْسَ بِالصَّلَاةِ خَلْفَ النَّائِمِ الَّذِي لَا يَحْتَشِمُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّي خَلْفَهُ، وَلَا يَحْتَشِمُ مِنْهُ الْمُصَلِّي، وَأَنَّ النَّهْيَ خَلْفَ النِّيَامِ لِحِشْمَةِ النَّائِمِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثًا يُرْوَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُصَلُّوا خَلْفَ النَّائِمِ، وَلَا الْمُتَحَدِّثِ»،\n\n٤٢٥٣ - وَهَذَا أَمْثَلُ مَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَيُذْكَرُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"3","page":197},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-200>مَنْ قَالَ: يَقْطَعُهَا</span>","vol":"3","page":199},{"text":"٤٢٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ﵁: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ الْعَدَوِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" يَقْطَعُ صَلَاةَ الرَّجُلِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، مِثْلُ مُؤَخِّرَةِ الرَّحْلِ: الْمَرْأَةُ، وَالْحِمَارُ، وَالْكَلْبُ الْأَسْوَدُ \" قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ: مَا بَالُ الْأَسْوَدِ، مِنَ الْأَحْمَرِ، فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَمَا سَأَلْتَنِي، فَقَالَ: «الْكَلْبُ الْأَسْوَدُ شَيْطَانٌ» ⦗٢٠٠⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"3","page":199},{"text":"٤٢٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْ هَذَا: لَا يَجُوزُ إِذْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثٌ وَاحِدٌ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ، الْمَرْأَةُ، وَالْكَلْبُ، وَالْحِمَارُ»، وَكَانَ مُخَالِفًا هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ، وَكَانَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا أَثْبَتَ مِنْهُ، وَمَعَهَا ظَاهِرُ الْقُرْآنِ، أَنْ يُتْرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا، إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْسُوخًا، حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ، وَنَحْنُ لَا نَعْلَمُ الْمَنْسُوخَ الْآخَرَ، وَلَسْنَا نَعْلَمُ الْآخَرَ، أَوْ يُرَدُّ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ غَيْرَ مَحْفُوظٍ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى، وَعَائِشَةُ بَيْنَهُ، وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ وَصَلَّى، وَهُوَ حَامِلٌ أُمَامَةَ، يَضَعُهَا فِي السُّجُودِ، وَيَرْفَعُهَا فِي الْقِيَامِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَقْطَعُ صَلَاتَهُ، لَمْ يَفْعَلْ وَاحِدًا مِنَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ، وَصَلَّى إِلَى غَيْرِ سُتْرَةٍ، وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذَيْنِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ يَرُدُّ ذَلِكَ الْحَدِيثَ\n\n٤٢٥٦ - قَالَ: وَقَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَنْ لَا تَزِرَ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُبْطِلُ عَمَلُ رَجُلٍ عَمَلَ غَيْرِهِ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ سَعْيُ كُلٍّ لِنَفْسِهِ وَعَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ هَذَا هَكَذَا، لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُرُورُ رَجُلٍ يَقْطَعُ صَلَاةَ غَيْرِهِ\n\n٤٢٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ صَحِيحٌ إِسْنَادُهُ، وَنَحْنُ نَحْتَجُّ بِأَمْثَالِهِ فِي الْفِقْهِيَّاتِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْبُخَارِيُّ لَا يَحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَلَهُ شَوَاهِدُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَدِ اشْتَغَلَ بِتَأْوِيلِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَهُوَ بِهِ أَحْسَنُ","vol":"3","page":200},{"text":"٤٢٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الدَّارَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: فِي تَفْسِيرِ حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَرْأَةُ، وَالْكَلْبُ، وَالْحِمَارُ» قَالَ: يَقْطَعُ عَنِ الذِّكْرِ الشُّغْلُ بِهَا، وَالِالْتِفَاتُ إِلَيْهَا، لَا أَنَّهُ يُفْسِدُ الصَّلَاةَ ⦗٢٠١⦘\n\n٤٢٥٩ - وَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَقَوَّاهُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ هَذَا التَّأْوِيلِ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَحَدَ رُوَاةِ قَطْعِ الصَّلَاةِ بِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى الْكَرَاهِيَةِ","vol":"3","page":200},{"text":"٤٢٦٠ - وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَيَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ، الْمَرْأَةُ، وَالْكَلْبُ، وَالْحِمَارُ؟ فَقَالَ: \" ﴿إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطِّيِّبُ، وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُ﴾ [فاطر: ١٠]، فَمَا يَقْطَعُ هَذَا، وَلَكِنْ يُكْرَهُ \"\n\n٤٢٦١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ: «لَا يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا يَمُرُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْمُصَلِّي»","vol":"3","page":201},{"text":"٤٢٦٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَدَّاكِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ شَيْءٌ، وَادْرَءُوا مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الشَّيْطَانُ»","vol":"3","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-201>مَسْحُ الْوَجْهِ مِنَ التُّرَابِ</span>","vol":"3","page":202},{"text":"٤٢٦٣ - حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ ⦗٢٠٣⦘ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا يَمْسَحُ وَجْهَهُ مِنَ التُّرَابِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ حَتَّى يَتَشَهَّدَ وَيُسَلِّمَ»،\n\n٤٢٦٤ - وَبِهِ أَخَذَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى","vol":"3","page":202},{"text":"٤٢٦٥ - قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَمْسَحُ التُّرَابَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ»،\n\n٤٢٦٦ - وَكَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ لَا يَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا.\n\n٤٢٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَوْ تَرَكَ الْمُصَلِّي مَسَحَ وَجْهِهِ مِنَ التُّرَابِ، حَتَّى يُسَلِّمَ، كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ»\n\n٤٢٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَأَبْصَرَتْ عَيْنَايَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، انْصَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا، وَعَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ، وَأَنْفِهِ أَثَرُ الْمَاءِ وَالطِّينِ مِنْ صَبِيحَةِ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ» ⦗٢٠٤⦘\n\n٤٢٦٩ - وَكَانَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ يَحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا فِي أَنْ لَا يَمْسَحَ الْمُصَلِّي الْجَبْهَةَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٤٢٧٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، مَرَّةً عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَمَرَّةً عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مَرْفُوعًا: «أَرْبَعٌ مِنَ الْجَفَاءِ، فَذَكَرَ مِنْهُنَّ، مَسَحَ الرَّجُلِ التُّرَابَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فِي صَلَاتِهِ»،\n\n٤٢٧١ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَا يَصِحُّ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، شَيْءٌ إِلَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، الَّذِي احْتَجَّ بِهِ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ،\n\n٤٢٧٢ - وَحَمَلَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، قَوْلَهُ: سِيمَاهُمْ فِي وجُوهِهِمْ مِنْ أَثَرِ السُّجُودِ، عَلَى نَدَى الطَّهُورِ، وَثَرَى الْأَرْضِ\n\n٤٢٧٣ - وَأَنْكَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَالسَّائِبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، الْأَثَرَ الَّذِي يَكُونُ بِالْجَبْهَةِ مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَسْحِهَا بِالْأَرْضِ، وَكَرِهُوا ذَلِكَ\n\n٤٢٧٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُعَيْقِيبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسَوِّي التُّرَابَ حِينَ يَسْجُدُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ كُنْتَ فَاعِلًا، فَوَاحِدَةً»\n\n٤٢٧٥ - وَرَأَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ رَجُلًا يَعْبَثُ بِالْحَصَى، فَقَالَ: لَوْ خَشَعَ قَلْبُهُ، خَشَعَتْ جَوَارِحُهُ ⦗٢٠٥⦘\n\n٤٢٧٦ - وَاسْتَحَبَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، أَنْ يَنْظُرَ الْمُصَلِّي فِي صَلَاتِهِ، إِلَى مَوْضِعِ سُجُودِهِ، قَالَ: وَإِنْ رَمَى بَصَرَهُ أَمَامَهُ كَانَ خَفِيفًا، وَالْخُشُوعُ أَفْضَلُ، وَلَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ يَمِينًا، وَلَا شِمَالًا\n\n٤٢٧٧ - وَهَذَا لِما رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي «كَرَاهِيَةِ رَفْعِ الْبَصَرِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٤٢٧٨ - وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الِالْتِفَاتِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ: «هُوَ اخْتِلَاسٌ، يَخْتَلِسُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْعَبْدِ»\n\n٤٢٧٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ «نَهَى عَنِ التَّخَصُّرِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ» وَهُوَ أَنْ يَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى خَاصِرَتِهِ\n\n٤٢٨٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِذَا تَثَاءَبَ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلْيَكْظِمْ مَا اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَدْخُلُ»\n\n٤٢٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ، فَلَا يَبْزُقْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَلَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَلَكِنْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ» ⦗٢٠٦⦘،\n\n٤٢٨٢ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ طَارِقِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «إِنْ كَانَ فَارِغًا، أَوْ تَحْتَ قَدَمِهِ»\n\n٤٢٨٣ - قَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ: «وَإِلَّا بَزَقَ فِي ثَوْبِهِ، فَدَلَكَهُ»، وَأَمَرَ بِدَفْنِهَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَيَدْلُكُهَا بِنَعْلِهِ الْيُسْرَى فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ،\n\n٤٢٨٤ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ: «الْبُزَاقُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ خَطِيئَةٌ، وَكَفَّارَتُهَا دَفْنُهَا»\n\n٤٢٨٥ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ مَعَ غَيْرِهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، مَنْ أَرَادَ، رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا نَرْوِي هَاهُنَا مَا أَسْنَدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَوْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ، أَوْ بَعْضَ مَا يَكُونُ تَأْكِيدًا لِمَا أَوْرَدَهُ. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":203},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-202>انْصِرَافُ الْمُصَلِّي</span>","vol":"3","page":207},{"text":"٤٢٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَوْبَرِ الْحَارِثِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، يَنْحَرِفُ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ»","vol":"3","page":207},{"text":"٤٢٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «لَا يَجْعَلَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ لِلشَّيْطَانِ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ جُزْءًا، يَرَى أَنَّ حَتْمًا عَلَيْهِ، أَنْ لَا يَنْفَتِلَ إِلَّا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَكْثَرَ مَا يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ»، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ الْأَعْمَشِ ⦗٢٠٨⦘\n\n٤٢٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي الْمُصَلِّي يَنْصَرِفُ حَيْثُ أَرَادَ، لَا اخْتِيَارٌ فِي ذَلِكَ أَعْلَمُهُ، لِمَا رُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ،\n\n٤٢٨٩ - وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ، أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَوَجُّهُهُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، لِمَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، يُحِبُّ مِنَ التَّيَامُنِ غَيْرَ مُضَيَّقٍ عَلَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ\n\n٤٢٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ فِي التَّيَامُنِ،\n\n٤٢٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «أَمَّا أَنَا، فَأَكْثَرُ، مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ»","vol":"3","page":207},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-203>مَنْ فَاتَهُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَمَا أَدْرَكَ، فَهُوَ أَوَّلُ صَلَاتِهِ</span>\n٤٢٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مِفْتَاحُ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُضُوءُ، وَتَحْرِيمُهَا التَّكْبِيرُ، وَتَحْلِيلُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ» وَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُهُ فِيمَا مَضَى.\n\n٤٢٩٣ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَجْهَ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ، فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا تَسْعَوْنَ، وَأْتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ، وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ، فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا، وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا»، وَذَكَرَ وَجْهَ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ.","vol":"3","page":209},{"text":"٤٢٩٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا تَسْعَوْنَ، وَأْتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ، وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ، فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا، وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا» ⦗٢١٠⦘،\n\n٤٢٩٥ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ كَذَلِكَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْهُمَا كَذَلِكَ: «فَأَتِمُّوا»\n\n٤٢٩٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «فَاقْضُوا»\n\n٤٢٩٧ - قَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ: أَخْطَأَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ\n\n٤٢٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «فَاقْضُوا»،\n\n٤٢٩٩ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَأَبُو رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٤٣٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «فَأَتِمُّوا» ⦗٢١١⦘\n\n٤٣٠١ - وَفِي أَصَحِّ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَأَتِمُّوا»،\n\n٤٣٠٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَنَسٍ\n\n٤٣٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا أَدْرَكْتَ فَهُوَ أَوَّلُ صَلَاتِكَ»،\n\n٤٣٠٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِثْلَهُ،\n\n٤٣٠٥ - وَرَوَاهُ رَبِيعَةُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَقَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ\n\n٤٣٠٦ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ","vol":"3","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-204>الرَّجُلُ يُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِهِ، ثُمَّ يُدْرِكُ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"3","page":212},{"text":"٤٣٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي الدَّيْلِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: بُسْرُ بْنُ مِحْجَنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مِحْجَنٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأُذِّنَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَصَلَّى، وَمِحْجَنٌ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ مَعَ النَّاسِ؟ أَلَسْتَ بِرَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ؟» قَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَلَكِنِّي كُنْتُ قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ فِي أَهْلِي ⦗٢١٣⦘، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا جِئْتَ فَصَلِّ مَعَ النَّاسِ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ»\n\n٤٣٠٨ - هَكَذَا قَالَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ،\n\n٤٣٠٩ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قَالَ بِشْرٌ: قَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: بَلَغَنِيَ أَنَّهُ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ.\n\n٤٣١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ: لَمْ يَخُصَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِيهِ صَلَاةً دُونَ صَلَاةٍ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا بِهَذَا لِمَا وَصَفْنَا مِنْ أَنَّ حَدِيثَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جُمْلَةٌ، وَأَنَّهُ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الَّتِي أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الرَّجُلَيْنِ، أَنْ يَعُودَا لَهَا صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ","vol":"3","page":212},{"text":"٤٣١١ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا هُشَيْمٌ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ كَامِلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُسْتَمْلِي، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعَامِرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَجَّتَهُ، فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ انْحَرَفَ، فَإِذَا هُوَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ فِي آخِرِ الْمَسْجِدِ، مَا شَهِدَا مَعَهُ الصَّلَاةَ، فَقَالَ: «عَلَيَّ بِهِمَا»، فَأُتِيَ بِهِمَا تَرْعَدُ فَرَائِصُهُمَا، فَقَالَ: «مَا مَنَعَكُمَا أَنْ تُصَلِّيَا مَعَنَا؟» قَالَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: كُنَّا صَلَّيْنَا فِي رِحَالِنَا قَالَ: «فَلَا تَفْعَلَا، إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمَا فِي رِحَالِكُمَا، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُمَا مَسْجِدَ جَمَاعَةٍ، فَصَلِّيَا مَعَهُمْ، فَإِنَّهَا لَكُمَا نَافِلَةٌ» ⦗٢١٤⦘\n\n٤٣١٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ، وَشُعْبَةُ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ\n\n٤٣١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي احْتِجَاجِ مَنِ احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ فِي أَنَّ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ هِيَ الْأُولَى، هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مَجْهُولٌ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُبَيِّنُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَمْرَهُمَا أَنْ يُعِيدَا الصُّبْحَ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «لَا يُعَادُ الصُّبْحُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ فَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ»، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا، لِأَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ لَيْسَ لَهُ رَاوٍ غَيْرُ ابْنِهِ، وَلَا لِجَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ رَاوٍ غَيْرُ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، وَيَعْلَى بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ بَعْضُ الْحُفَّاظِ، وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ يُوثِّقُونَهُ،\n\n٤٣١٤ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَهُ شَوَاهِدُ مِنْهَا حَدِيثُ مِحْجَنٍ","vol":"3","page":213},{"text":"٤٣١٥ - وَمِنْهَا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَيْفَ أَنْتَ، إِذَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْكَ أُمَرَاءُ يُؤَخِّرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ عَنْ وَقْتِهَا»، أَوْ قَالَ: «يُمِيتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ عَنْ وَقْتِهَا» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: فَمَا تَأْمُرُنِي؟ قَالَ: «صَلِّ الصَّلَاةَ لِوَقْتِهَا، فَإِنْ أَدْرَكْتَهَا مَعَهُمْ فَصَلِّ مَعَهُمْ، فَإِنَّهَا لَكَ نَافِلَةٌ» ⦗٢١٥⦘، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ\n\n٤٣١٦ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَتْكَ مَعَهُمْ فَصَلِّ، وَلَا تَقُلْ إِنِّيَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ، فَلَا أُصَلِّي»،\n\n٤٣١٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ: «وَاجْعَلُوا صَلَاتَكُمْ مَعَهُمْ نَافِلَةً»\n\n٤٣١٨ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ فِيهِ: «ثُمَّ إِنْ أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَصَلِّ مَعَهُمْ، فَإِنَّهَا زِيَادَةُ خَيْرٍ»\n\n٤٣١٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ تَأْخِيرَهَا عَنْ أَوَّلِ الْوَقْتِ، ثُمَّ قَدْ تُدْرِكُهُ إِقَامَةُ الصَّلَاةِ فِي آخِرِ الْوَقْتِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ، وَلَمْ يُفَرَّقْ فِي الْإِعَادَةِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يُقِيمُوا لَهَا قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ الْوَقْتِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":214},{"text":"٤٣٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ نُوحِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ ⦗٢١٦⦘: جِئْتُ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَجَلَسْتُ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً، وَقَالَ فِيهَا: فَقَالَ: «إِذَا جِئْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَوَجَدْتَ النَّاسَ، فَصَلِّ مَعَهُمْ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ، تَكُنْ لَكَ نَافِلَةً، وَهَذِهِ مَكْتُوبَةً» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَعْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ نُوحِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٤٣٢١ - وَهَذَا يُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ فِي إِعَادَةِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَيُخَالِفُهُ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ مِنْهُمَا، وَحَدِيثُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ أَشْهُرُ، وَمَعَهُ حَدِيثُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ مِنَ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي بَيَّنَّا،\n\n٤٣٢٢ - وَقَدْ نَصَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَسُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَلَى أَنَّ صَلَاتَهُ مَعَ الْجَمَاعَةِ نَافِلَةٌ لَهُ،\n\n٤٣٢٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، بِحَدِيثِ هُشَيْمٍ، وَكَأَنَّهُ عَرَفَ صِحَّةَ إِسْنَادِهِ، فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ","vol":"3","page":215},{"text":"٤٣٢٤ - وَقَالَ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ مَالِكًا: قَدْ رَوَى مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُمَا «أَمَرَا مَنْ صَلَّى فِي بَيْتِهِ، أَنْ يَعُودَ لِصَلَاتِهِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ» وَقَالَ السَّائِلُ: أَيُّهُمَا أَجْعَلُ صَلَاتِي؟ فَقَالَ: «أَوَذَلِكَ إِلَيْكَ؟ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ» ⦗٢١٧⦘\n\n٤٣٢٥ - وَرَوَى عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: «مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَلَهُ سَهْمُ جَمْعٍ، أَوْ مِثْلُ سَهْمِ جَمْعٍ»","vol":"3","page":216},{"text":"٤٣٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، سَأَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِي، ثُمَّ أُدْرِكُ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، أَفَأُصَلِّيَ مَعَهُ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: «نَعَمْ صَلِّ مَعَهُ». فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: فَأَيَّتُهُمَا أَجْعَلُ صَلَاتِي؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: «أَوَذَلِكَ إِلَيْكَ؟ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ، يَجْعَلُ أَيَّتَهُمَا شَاءَ»","vol":"3","page":217},{"text":"٤٣٢٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِي، ثُمَّ آتِي الْمَسْجِدَ، فَأَجِدُ الْإِمَامَ يُصَلِّي، أَفَأُصَلِّي مَعَهُ؟ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ: «نَعَمْ»، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: فَأَيَّتُهُمَا أَجْعَلُ صَلَاتِي؟ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ: «أَوَأَنْتَ تَجْعَلُهُمَا؟ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ، يَجْعَلُ أَيَّتَهُمَا شَاءَ»","vol":"3","page":217},{"text":"٤٣٢٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَفِيفِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو السَّهْمِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِي، ثُمَّ آتِي الْمَسْجِدَ، فَأَجِدُ الْإِمَامَ يُصَلِّي، أَفَأُصَلِّي مَعَهُ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ: «نَعَمْ، مَنْ صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ، كَانَ لَهُ سَهْمُ جَمْعٍ، أَوْ مِثْلُ سَهْمِ جَمْعٍ»\n\n٤٣٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ عَفِيفٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢١٨⦘.\n\n٤٣٣٠ - وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ إِعَادَةِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ: الْمَكْتُوبَةُ الْأُولَى وَكَأَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، مَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ حِينَ تَوَقَّفَ فِيهِ","vol":"3","page":217},{"text":"٤٣٣١ - وَهَذَا مِنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِيَ رُوِيَ عَنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، مَوْلَى مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: إِنِّي قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ، إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «لَا صَلَاةَ مَكْتُوبَةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ»،\n\n٤٣٣٢ - إِنْ صَحَّ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ كِلْتَاهُمَا عَلَى وَجْهِ الْفَرْضِ، أَوْ إِذَا صَلَّى فِي جَمَاعَةٍ، فَلَا يُعِيدُهَا أُخْرَى، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ","vol":"3","page":218},{"text":"٤٣٣٣ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ الصُّوفِيُّ، بِشِيرَازَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ الْآمُلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْجُمَحِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ الْأَسْوَدُ النَّاجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْمُتَوَكِّلِ النَّاجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ، فَدَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَامَ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «يَا فُلَانُ، مَا حَبَسَكَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ؟»، فَاعْتَلَّ بِشَيْءٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَلَا رَجُلٌ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى هَذَا، فَيُصَلِّيَ مَعَهُ»، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ، مِمَّنْ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَصَلَّى مَعَهُ ⦗٢١٩⦘\n\n٤٣٣٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مُرْسَلًا فِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ: فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَصَلَّى مَعَهُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٤٣٣٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُمَا، فَعَلَا ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَا قَدْ صَلَّيَا بِالْجَمَاعَةِ","vol":"3","page":218},{"text":"٤٣٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ، أَوِ الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُمَا مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، فَلَا يَعُدْ لَهُمَا»\n\n٤٣٣٧ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نَقُولُ: يُعِيدُ كُلَّ صَلَاةٍ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا عَادَ لَهَا صَارَتْ شَفْعًا،\n\n٤٣٣٨ - فَبَيَّنَ الشَّافِعِيُّ خِلَافَهُمْ لِلْحَدِيثِ جُمْلَةً، وَخِلَافَهُمُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فِيمَا رُوِّينَا،\n\n٤٣٣٩ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَقَوْلُكُمْ: \" إِذَا أَعَادَ الْمَغْرِبَ صَارَتْ شَفْعًا، وَكَيْفَ يَصِيرُ شَفْعًا، وَقَدْ فُصِلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِسَلَامٍ؟ وَأَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا.\n\n٤٣٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَدَعْوَى مَنِ ادَّعَى النَّسْخَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ بِأَخْبَارِ النَّهْيِ عَنْ صَلَاةِ النَّفَلِ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ، وَالْعَصْرِ بَاطِلَةٌ، لَا يَشْهَدُ لَهُ بِهَا تَارِيخٌ، وَلَا سَبَبٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّاسِخِ مِنْهُمَا، وَالْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ إِذَا أَمْكَنَ الْجَمْعُ، أَوْلَى مِنْ إِبْطَالِ مَا لَا يُوَافِقُ مَذْهَبَهُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":219},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-205>صَلَاةُ الْمَرِيضِ</span>","vol":"3","page":220},{"text":"٤٣٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨] \"، فَقِيلَ: «وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ قَانِتِينَ، مُطِيعِينَ»","vol":"3","page":220},{"text":"٤٣٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنِ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨] قَالَ: «مُطِيعِينَ»","vol":"3","page":220},{"text":"٤٣٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْإِمَامُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنِ الْهُذَيْلِ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]، يَقُولُ: \" قُومُوا فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ لِلَّهِ مُطِيعِينَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْأَدْيَانِ يَقُومُونَ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ عَاصِينَ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ: قُومُوا أَنْتُمْ لِلَّهِ مُطِيعِينَ \"\n\n٤٣٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَائِمًا، وَإِنَّمَا خُوطِبَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ مَنْ أَطَاقَهَا، فَإِذَا لَمْ يُطِقِ الْقِيَامَ صَلَّى قَاعِدًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يُطِقْ صَلَّى مُضْطَجِعًا","vol":"3","page":221},{"text":"٤٣٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَنْمَاطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هَمَّامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْمُكْتِبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: كَانَ بِي بَوَاسِيرُ، فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «صَلِّ قَائِمًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَجَالِسًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَى جَنْبٍ» ⦗٢٢٢⦘، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ","vol":"3","page":221},{"text":"٤٣٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ، فَوَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خِفَّةً، فَجَاءَ، فَقَعَدَ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَأَمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ، وَأَمَّ أَبُو بِكْرٍ النَّاسَ، وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ»","vol":"3","page":222},{"text":"٤٣٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِيَ ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ الصُّبْحَ، وَأَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَبَّرَ، فَوَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، بَعْضَ الْخِفَّةِ، فَقَامَ يُفَرِّجُ الصُّفُوفَ قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِذَا صَلَّى، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحِسَّ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، عَرَفَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَتَقَدَّمُ ذَلِكَ الْمَقْعَدَ، إِلَّا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَخَنَسَ وَرَاءَهُ إِلَى الصَّفِّ، فَرَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَانَهُ، فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَى جَنْبِهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمٌ، حَتَّى إِذَا فَرَغَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: أَيْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَاكَ أَصْبَحْتَ صَالِحًا، وَهَذَا يَوْمُ ابْنَةِ خَارِجَةَ، فَرَجَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، فَمَكَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَانَهُ، وَجَلَسَ إِلَى جَنْبِ الْحَجَرِ يُحَذِّرُ الْفِتَنَ، وَقَالَ ⦗٢٢٣⦘: «إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا يُمْسِكُ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ، إِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَلَا أُحَرِّمُ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، يَا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، يَا صَفِيَّةُ عَمَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، اعْمَلَا لِمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ، فَإِنِّي لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمَا مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا»\n\n٤٣٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي أَمَّ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمٌ يُسْمِعُ النَّاسَ تَكْبِيرَةَ الْإِحْرَامِ، صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ، وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَالصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي صَلَّاهَا آخِرًا هِيَ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ سَبَقَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِرَكْعَةٍ، فَصَلَّى خَلْفَهُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ، وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي مَغَازِي مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَدَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٤٣٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَرْفَعُ إِلَى وَجْهِهِ شَيْئًا، يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"3","page":222},{"text":"٤٣٥٠ - وَرُوِيَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، عَادَ صَفْوَانَ، فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَرَآهُ يُصَلِّي عَلَى شَيْءٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَضَعَ وَجْهَكَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَافْعَلْ، وَإِلَّا فَأَوْمِ إِيمَاءً»","vol":"3","page":223},{"text":"٤٣٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ التَّاجِرُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ⦗٢٢٤⦘، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَوَجَدَهُ يَسْجُدُ عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ، فَنَهَاهُ، وَقَالَ: «أَوْمِهْ، وَاجْعَلِ السُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ»","vol":"3","page":223},{"text":"٤٣٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا لَمْ يَسْتَطِعِ الْمَرِيضُ السُّجُودَ، أَوْمَأَ بِرَأْسِهِ إِيمَاءً، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ إِلَى جَبْهَتِهِ شَيْئًا»\n\n٤٣٥٣ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَوْقُوفًا،\n\n٤٣٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.\n\n٤٣٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ وَضَعَ وِسَادَةً عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَسَجَدَ عَلَيْهَا، أَجْزَأَهُ ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى","vol":"3","page":224},{"text":"٤٣٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،  «تَسْجُدُ عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ مِنْ رَمَدٍ بِهَا»\n\n٤٣٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِي وِسَادَةٍ لَاصِقَةٍ بِالْأَرْضِ","vol":"3","page":224},{"text":"٤٣٥٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرَوَيْهِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ح ⦗٢٢٥⦘\n\n٤٣٥٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَزَّارُ، بِالطَّابَرَانِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَزِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَمِيلٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَحْيَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَادَ مَرِيضًا، فَرَآهُ يُصَلِّي عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ، فَأَخَذَهَا، فَرَمَى بِهَا، فَأَخَذَ عُودًا لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَخَذَهُ فَرَمَى بِهِ، وَقَالَ: «صَلِّ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ، وَإِلَّا فَأَوْمِ إِيمَاءً، وَاجْعَلْ سُجُودَكَ أَخْفَضَ مِنْ رُكُوعِكَ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَهْلٍ،\n\n٤٣٦٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ: «إِنْ أَطَقْتَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، وَإِلَّا»\n\n٤٣٦١ - هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُعَدُّ فِي أَفْرَادِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَنَفِيِّ، وَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ،\n\n٤٣٦٢ - وَهَذَا يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي وِسَادَةٍ مَرْفُوعَةٍ إِلَى جَبْهَتِهِ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي وِسَادَةٍ مَوْضُوعَةٍ، مُرْتَفِعَةٍ عَنِ الْأَرْضِ جِدًّا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":224},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-206>كَيْفِيَّةُ الْقُعُودِ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْقِيَامِ</span>","vol":"3","page":226},{"text":"٤٣٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْهَيْثَمُ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، يَقُولُ: «لَأَنْ أَجْلِسَ عَلَى الرَّضْفِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، مِنْ أَنْ أَترَبَّعَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٤٣٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: قِيَامُ صَلَاةِ الْجَالِسِ التَّرَبُّعُ،\n\n٤٣٦٥ - وَنَحْنُ نَكْرَهُ مَا يَكْرَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، مِنْ تَرَبُّعِ الرَّجُلِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كَذَا قَالَ: فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ،\n\n٤٣٦٦ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَمَنْ لَمْ يُطِقِ الصَّلَاةَ قَائِمًا مِنْ عِلَّةٍ، صَلَّى جَالِسًا مُتَرَبِّعًا فِي مَوْضِعِ الْقِيَامِ، وَكَيْفَ أَمْكَنَهُ","vol":"3","page":226},{"text":"٤٣٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَاحِبٌ لَنَا ثِقَةٌ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: عُقْبَةُ، أَخُو سَعِيدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّائِيَّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، «يُصَلِّي مُتَرَبِّعًا»\n\n٤٣٦٨ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ،\n\n٤٣٦٩ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٤٣٧٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٤٣٧١ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَارِدًا فِي الْجُلُوسِ، الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِبَدَلٍ عَنِ الْقِيَامِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":227},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-207>الُوقُوفُ عِنْدَ آيَةِ الرَّحْمَةِ، وَآيَةِ الْعَذَابِ</span>\n٤٣٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أُحِبُّ لِلْإِمَامِ، إِذَا قَرَأَ آيَةَ الرَّحْمَةِ أَنْ يَقِفَ، فَيَسْأَلَ اللَّهَ، وَيَسْأَلَ النَّاسُ، وَإِذَا قَرَأَ آيَةَ الْعَذَابِ أَنْ يَقِفَ فَيَسْتَعِيذَ، وَيَسْتَعِيذَ النَّاسُ،\n\n٤٣٧٣ - بَلَغَنَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ","vol":"3","page":228},{"text":"٤٣٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ بْنِ الْأَحْنَفِ، عَنْ صِلَةَ بْنِ زُفَرٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ، فَافْتَتَحَ الْبَقَرَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَرْكَعُ عِنْدَ الْمِائَةِ، فَمَضَى، فَقُلْتُ: يُصَلِّي بِهَا فِي رَكْعَةٍ، فَمَضَى، فَقُلْتُ: يَرْكَعُ بِهَا، ثُمَّ افْتَتَحَ ⦗٢٢٩⦘ آلَ عِمْرَانَ، فَقَرَأَهَا، يَقْرَأُ مُتَرَسِّلًا، إِذَا مَرَّ بِآيَةٍ فِيهَا تَسْبِيحٌ سَبَّحَ، وَإِذَا مَرَّ بِسُؤَالٍ سَأَلَ، وَإِذَا مَرَّ بِتَعَوُّذٍ، تَعَوَّذَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمُ»، فَكَانَ رُكُوعُهُ نَحْوًا مِنْ قِيَامِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ»، ثُمَّ قَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا قَرِيبًا مِمَّا رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، فَقَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى، فَكَانَ سُجُودُهُ قَرِيبًا مِنْ قِيَامِهِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ\n\n٤٣٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٤٣٧٦ - وَعَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَعْنَاهُ فِي آيَةِ الرَّحْمَةِ، وَآيَةِ الْعَذَابِ","vol":"3","page":228},{"text":"٤٣٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، \" قَرَأَ فِي الصُّبْحِ بِـ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، فَقَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى»\n\n٤٣٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَكْرَهُونَ هَذَا، وَنَحْنُ نَسْتَحِبُّ هَذَا ⦗٢٣٠⦘\n\n٤٣٧٩ - وَيُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ يُشْبِهُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ حُذَيْفَةَ، أَوْ أَرَادَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا قَرَأَ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى»،\n\n٤٣٨٠ - إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي رَفْعِهِ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٤٣٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" مَنْ قَرَأَ مِنْكُمْ بِـ التِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَى آخِرِهَا: ﴿أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ﴾ [التين: ٨]، فَلْيَقُلْ: وَأَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَ لَا أَقْسِمُ بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَى: ﴿أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَى﴾ [القيامة: ٤٠]، فَلْيَقُلْ: بَلَى، وَمَنْ قَرَأَ وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ، فَبَلَغَ: ﴿فَبِأَيِّ حَدِيثٍ بَعْدَهُ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ [المرسلات: ٥٠]، فَلْيَقُلْ آمَنَّا بِهِ \"","vol":"3","page":229},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-208>وُقُوفُ الْمَرْأَةِ بِجَنْبِ الْإِمَامِ، أَوْ بِجَنْبِ بَعْضِ الصَّفِّ فِي صَلَاةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، أَوْ فِي غَيْرِ صَلَاةٍ</span>\n٤٣٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يُفْسِدَنَّ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ، وَلَا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ،\n\n٤٣٨٣ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى وَهُوَ حَامِلٌ أُمَامَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ","vol":"3","page":231},{"text":"٤٣٨٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي، وَأَنَا مُعْتَرِضَةٌ بَيْنَهُ، وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ، كَاعْتِرَاضِ الْجَنَازَةِ»\n\n٤٣٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"3","page":231},{"text":"٤٣٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ⦗٢٣٢⦘، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَفِي الْبَيْتِ غُلَامٌ وَجَارِيَةٌ، فَأَرَادَ الْغُلَامُ أَنْ يَمُرَّ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ، فَارْتَدَّ، وَأَرَادَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ أَنْ تَمُرَّ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهَا، فَمَرَّتْ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ: «أَنْتُنَّ أَعْصَى»\n\n٤٣٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَا تَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَلَيْسَتْ فِيهَا، لَمْ تَقْطَعْهَا وَهِيَ فِيهَا، وَمَا تَكُونُ أَبَدًا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا حِينَ تُصَلِّي، وَلَا أَقْرَبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ\n\n٤٣٨٨ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ احْتَجَاجَهُمْ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اجْعَلْ بَيْنَكَ، وَبَيْنَهَا ثَوْبًا،\n\n٤٣٨٩ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَيْسَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ، فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ، إِنَّمَا قَالَ: أُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَهَذَا يَكُونُ عَلَى النَّافِلَةِ قَالَ: اجْعَلْ بَيْنَكَ، وَبَيْنَهَا ثَوْبًا، لِئَلَّا يُفْتَتَنَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٤٣٩٠ - وَلَوْ كَانَا فِي صَلَاةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، لَعَلَّمَهُ عُمَرُ، أَنْ تَكُونَ خَلْفَهُ، لَا إِلَى جَنْبِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُمَا كَانَا فِي صَلَاتَيْنِ مُتَفَرِّقَتَيْنِ،\n\n٤٣٩١ - وَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا، لِمَ تَكُونُ صَلَاتُهُ فَاسِدَةً؟ وَلَمْ يُخْبِرْهُ عُمَرُ فِي قَوْلِكُمْ أَنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَسَدَتْ صَلَاتُهُ ⦗٢٣٣⦘،\n\n٤٣٩٢ - وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، الْأَمْرُ بِالسُّتْرَةِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَالتَّشْدِيدُ فِيهَا، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقُلْ: تَفْسَدُ صَلَاةُ مَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَتِرْ، أَحْبَبْنَا لَهُ مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يُفْسِدْ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ ضَيَّعَ، وَأَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ هَذَا.\n\n٤٣٩٣ - وَالْحَدِيثُ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ غُضَيْفِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْكِنْدِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: إِنَّا نَبْدُو، فَنَكُونُ فِي الْأَبْنِيَةِ، فَإِنْ خَرَجْتُ قُرِرْتُ، وَإِنْ خَرَجَتِ امْرَأَتِي قُرَّتْ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: اقْطَعْ بَيْنَكَ، وَبَيْنَهَا ثَوْبًا، ثُمَّ لْيُصَلِّ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا\n\n٤٣٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَتَعْلِيمُ عُمَرَ لَهُ، لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَبْتًا أَنْ تَقِفَ وَرَاءَهُ أَلْزَمُ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْهُ لَهُ، فَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا لَيْسَا فِي صَلَاةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ","vol":"3","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-209>سُجُودُ الْقُرْآنِ</span>\n٤٣٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: فِي الْقُرْآنِ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ سَجْدَةً، لَيْسَ فِي الْمُفَصَّلِ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ","vol":"3","page":234},{"text":"٤٣٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: «قَرَأْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ النَّجْمَ، فَلَمْ يَسْجُدْ فِيهَا»","vol":"3","page":234},{"text":"٤٣٩٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: «سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي النَّجْمِ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَ»","vol":"3","page":234},{"text":"٤٣٩٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: «سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي النَّجْمِ، بِمَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ»","vol":"3","page":234},{"text":"٤٣٩٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ لَا يُتَّهَمُ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «فِي الْقُرْآنِ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ سَجْدَةً»","vol":"3","page":235},{"text":"٤٤٠٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، سَمِعَ دَاوُدَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ الْفَرَّاءَ، يَذْكُرُ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ، فَقَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِي الْمُفَصَّلِ سَجْدَةٌ»\n\n٤٤٠١ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ، كَمَا لَا يَجْهَلُ أَحَدٌ، زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، قَرَأَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَامَ مَاتَ، وَقَرَأَ أُبَيٌّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى أُبَيٍّ، وَهُمْ ⦗٢٣٦⦘ مِمَّنْ لَا يُشَكُّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُمْ مِمَّنْ لَا يَقُولُونَهُ إِلَّا بِالْإِحَاطَةِ، مَعَ قَوْلِ مَنْ لَقِينَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ\n\n٤٤٠٢ - وَكَيْفَ يَجْهَلُ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ سُجُودَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِأَبِيٍّ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِيَ أَنْ أُقْرِئَكَ الْقُرْآنَ»\n\n٤٤٠٣ - وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ","vol":"3","page":235},{"text":"٤٤٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو قُدَامَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ مَطَرٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «لَمْ يَسْجُدْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ، مُنْذُ تَحَوَّلَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ»\n\n٤٤٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قُدَامَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٣٧⦘.\n\n٤٤٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَأَبُو قُدَامَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي عَدَالَتِهِ، وَالْحُكْمُ فِي هَذَا لِمَنْ شَاهَدَ وَشَهِدَ،\n\n٤٤٠٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي سُجُودِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ، وَاسْتَحَبَّ السُّجُودَ فِيهَا، وَاسْتَحَبَّ السُّجُودَ فِي اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ عَلَى الِاحْتِيَاطِ فِيهِمَا، وَإِرَادَةِ الْأَخْذِ بِالْحَيْطَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ فِعْلُ خَيْرٍ لَمْ يَرِدْ بِهِ خِلَافٌ: سُنَّةٌ، وَلَا أَثَرٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٤٤٠٨ - ثُمَّ قَطَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ بِإِثْبَاتِ السُّجُودِ فِي الْمُفَصَّلِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَفِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَالرَّبِيعُ، وَابْنُ الْجَارُودِ","vol":"3","page":236},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-210>السُّجُودُ فِي إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ</span>","vol":"3","page":238},{"text":"٤٤٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، مَوْلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، قَرَأَ لَهُمْ: «إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ، فَسَجَدَ فِيهَا، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَجَدَ فِيهَا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ","vol":"3","page":238},{"text":"٤٤١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ ⦗٢٣٩⦘ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ رَآهُ يَسْجُدُ فِي إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ: فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ، قُلْتُ لَهُ: سَجَدْتَ فِي سُورَةٍ مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يَسْجُدُونَ فِيهَا قَالَ:  «لَوْ أَنِّي لَمْ أَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْجُدُ فِيهَا لَمْ أَسْجُدْ»","vol":"3","page":238},{"text":"٤٤١١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: \" سَجَدْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي: اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ، وَإِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ \"\n\n٤٤١٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَزَعَمَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَهِمَ فِيهِ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَى النَّاسُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدِيثَ الْإِفْلَاسِ.\n\n٤٤١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":239},{"text":"٤٤١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٤٠⦘، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَمَرَ مُحَمَّدًا «أَنْ يَأْمُرَ الْقُرَّاءَ أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا فِي إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ»\n\n٤٤١٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: مُحَمَّدٌ هَذَا هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ الْقَاصِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ وَقَعَ فِي الْكِتَابِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ","vol":"3","page":239},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-211>السُّجُودُ فِي اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ</span>","vol":"3","page":241},{"text":"٤٤١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ مِينَا، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ:  «سَجَدْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ، وَفِي اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"3","page":241},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-212>السُّجُودُ فِي النَّجْمِ</span>\n٤٤١٧ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ «سُجُودَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهَا»\n\n٤٤١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ","vol":"3","page":242},{"text":"٤٤١٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «قَرَأَ وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى فَسَجَدَ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ قَامَ، فَقَرَأَ بِسُورَةٍ أُخْرَى»","vol":"3","page":242},{"text":"٤٤٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: \" عَزَائِمُ السُّجُودِ: الم تَنْزِيلُ، وَحم تَنْزِيلُ، وَالنَّجْمِ، وَاقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ \"\n\n٤٤٢١ - وَكَذَلِكُ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ ابْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَجَمَاعَةٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"3","page":242},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-213>السُّجُودُ فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"3","page":243},{"text":"٤٤٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁، سَجَدَ فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَيْنِ \"","vol":"3","page":243},{"text":"٤٤٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ صُعَيْرٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «صَلَّى بِهِمْ بِالْجَابِيَةِ، فَقَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْحَجِّ، فَسَجَدَ فِيهَا سَجْدَتَيْنِ»، هَكَذَا وَقَعَ إِسْنَادُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي كِتَابِ الرَّبِيعِ","vol":"3","page":243},{"text":"٤٤٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ صُعَيْرٍ قَالَ: «صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِالْجَابِيَةِ، فَقَرَأَ فِي الْفَجْرِ بِسُورَةِ الْحَجِّ، فَسَجَدَ فِيهَا سَجْدَتَيْنِ» ⦗٢٤٤⦘،\n\n٤٤٢٥ - وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ،\n\n٤٤٢٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"3","page":243},{"text":"٤٤٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ سَجَدَ فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»\n\n٤٤٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا غَرِيبٌ لَيْسَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ الَّذِي عِنْدَنَا، وَالْحَدِيثُ مَحْفُوظٌ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَةِ مَالِكٍ، رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَبُكَيْرُ بْنُ الْأَشَجِّ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"3","page":244},{"text":"٤٤٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ «سَجَدَ فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»، وَهَذَا فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":244},{"text":"٤٤٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ  «سَجَدَ فِي الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»","vol":"3","page":244},{"text":"٤٤٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَانِ» ⦗٢٤٥⦘\n\n٤٤٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: تَابَعَهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «فُضِّلَتْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةُ بِسَجْدَتَيْنِ»\n\n٤٤٣٣ - وَهَذَا لَا يُتْرَكُ بِمَا رَوَى عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي سُجُودِ الْحَجِّ الْأُولَى عَزْمَةٌ، وَالْأُخْرَى تَعْلِيمٌ»\n\n٤٤٣٤ - فَإِنَّ عَبْدَ الْأَعْلَى هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٤٤٣٥ - وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَعْلِيمًا، وَيَسْجُدُ عِنْدَهَا كَآخِرِ النَّجْمِ، وَآخَرِ اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ، وَالْمُرَادُ إِنْ صَحَّ بَيَانُ مَا فِي الْأُخْرَى، مِنْ زِيَادَةِ الْفَائِدَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٤٤٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ فُضِّلَتْ بِسَجْدَتَيْنِ»","vol":"3","page":244},{"text":"٤٤٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ صَلَّى مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ ⦗٢٤٦⦘ الْخَطَّابِ الْفَجْرَ، بِالْجَابِيَةِ: «فَقَرَأَ السُّورَةَ الَّتِي يَذْكُرُ فِيهَا الْحَجَّ، فَسَجَدَ فِيهَا سَجْدَتَيْنِ» قَالَ نَافِعٌ: فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ فُضِّلَتْ بِأَنَّ فِيهَا سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَسْجُدُ فِيهَا سَجْدَتَيْنِ»\n\n٤٤٣٨ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ، فَقَدْ أَكَّدَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ صُعَيْرٍ، وَهِيَ مَوْصُولَةٌ، وَكُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا تَشْهَدُ لِصَاحِبَتِهَا بِالصِّحَّةِ","vol":"3","page":245},{"text":"٤٤٣٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُنْقِذٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُضَرَ، عَنْ صَخْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَهْرِيَّ: «أَنَّهُ سَجَدَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»،\n\n٤٤٤٠ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مَوْصُولٌ مِصْرِيٌّ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ نَافِعٌ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَهْرِيُّ هَذَا","vol":"3","page":246},{"text":"٤٤٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْجُعْفِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «كَانَ يُسْجَدُ فِي الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»\n\n٤٤٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَهُوَ فِي قَوْلِ الْعَامَّةِ قَبْلَنَا، وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَهُمْ يُنْكِرُونَ السَّجْدَةَ الْآخِرَةَ فِي الْحَجِّ، يَعْنِي الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ قَالَ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ ⦗٢٤٧⦘\n\n٤٤٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ: أَنَّهُمْ «سَجَدُوا فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»\n\n٤٤٤٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «فُضِّلَتْ سُورَةُ الْحَجِّ عَلَى الْقُرْآنِ بِسَجْدَتَيْنِ»،\n\n٤٤٤٥ - وَهَذَا الْمُرْسَلُ، إِذَا انْضَمَّ إِلَى رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ صَارَ قَوِيًّا","vol":"3","page":246},{"text":"٤٤٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا السَّيْلَحِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ مِشْرَحٍ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فُضِّلَتْ سُورَةُ الْحَجِّ بِسَجْدَتَيْنِ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْجُدْ فِيهِمَا، فَلَا يَقْرَأْهُمَا»","vol":"3","page":247},{"text":"٤٤٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «أَقْرَأَهُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَجْدَةً فِي الْقُرْآنِ، مِنْهَا ثَلَاثٌ فِي الْمُفَصَّلِ، وَفِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ سَجْدَتَانِ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا نَافِعُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْعُتَقِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":247},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-214>السُّجُودُ فِي ص</span>","vol":"3","page":248},{"text":"٤٤٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \" أَنَّهُ سَجَدَ فِيهَا، يَعْنِي فِي: ص \"","vol":"3","page":248},{"text":"٤٤٤٩ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَاحْتَجَّ فِي: «ص»، بِحَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «سَجَدَ فِي ص، وَلَيْسَتْ مِنْ عَزَائِمِ السُّجُودِ»\n\n٤٤٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، سَجَدَ فِيهَا، إِنْ كَانَ رَوَاهُ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ، وَهَذَا لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ، أَنَّهَا تُرِكَتْ، أَوْ سُجِدَتْ عَلَى نَحْوِ سُجُودِ الشُّكْرِ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا رَوَى مِنَ الَّذِي يَحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا عَلَيْنَا ⦗٢٤٩⦘\n\n٤٤٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا تَوَقَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي صِحَّةِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ هَذَا، لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَكَانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ لَا يَرْضَاهُ، وَاخْتَلَفَ الْحُفَّاظُ فِي شَأْنِهِ، فَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَلَمْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهِ مُسْلِمٌ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادٍ، وَوهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ","vol":"3","page":248},{"text":"٤٤٥٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَى مُجَاهِدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ \" يَسْجُدُ فِي: ص، وَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ﴾ [الأنعام: ٩٠]\n\n٤٤٥٣ - قَالَ: «فَكَانَ دَاوُدُ النَّبِيُّ ﵇، مِمَّنْ أُمِرَ نَبِيُّكُمْ ﷺ، أَنْ يَقْتَدِيَ بِهِ»،\n\n٤٤٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَوَّامُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ ح،\n\n٤٤٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حُصَيْنٌ، وَالْعَوَّامُ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ الْعَوَّامِ ⦗٢٥٠⦘\n\n٤٤٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُمْ سَجَدُوا فِي: «ص»\n\n٤٤٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: «أَنَّهُ سَجَدَ فِيهَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ»","vol":"3","page":249},{"text":"٤٤٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْمُخْتَارِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ الصُّبْحَ، فَقَرَأَ بِـ: ص، فَسَجَدَ فِيهَا \"","vol":"3","page":250},{"text":"٤٤٥٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ ابْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ رَجُلًا يَكْتُبُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ بِالسَّجْدَةِ الَّتِي فِي ص، سَجَدَتْ شَجَرَةٌ، فَقَالَتِ: اللَّهُمَّ أَعْظِمْ بِهَا أَجْرًا، وَاحْطُطْ بِهَا وِزْرًا، وَأَحْدِثْ بِهَا شُكْرًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٥١⦘: «نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالسُّجُودِ، مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ» فَسَجَدَهَا، وَأَمَرَ بِالسُّجُودِ،\n\n٤٤٦٠ - هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"3","page":250},{"text":"٤٤٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُخْبِرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ فِيَ الْمَنَامِ كَأَنِّي أَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ ص، فَلَمَّا أَتَيْتُ عَلَى السَّجْدَةِ سَجَدَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ، رَأَيْتُ الدَّوَاةَ، وَالْقَلَمَ، وَاللَّوْحَ، فَغَدَوْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَأَمَرَنِي بِالسُّجُودِ فِيهَا»،\n\n٤٤٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٤٤٦٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ عَاصِمٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِالسُّجُودِ فِيهَا، إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ سُجُودَهُ فِيهَا ⦗٢٥٢⦘.\n\n٤٤٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَبِيهٌ بِقَوْلِنَا","vol":"3","page":251},{"text":"٤٤٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ ذَرٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «سَجَدَهَا دَاوُدُ ﵇ لِتَوْبَةٍ، وَنَسْجُدُهَا نَحْنُ شُكْرًا» يَعْنِي ص،\n\n٤٤٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ الْعُمَرِيُّ الْإِمَامُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ فِرَاسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ الْمُقْرِئِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٤٤٦٧ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ ذَرٍّ، عَنِ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"3","page":252},{"text":"٤٤٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدَةَ، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَسْجُدُ فِي ص، وَيَقُولُ: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ تَوْبَةُ نَبِيٍّ»\n\n٤٤٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، وَيَقُولُونَ: هِيَ وَاجِبَةٌ","vol":"3","page":252},{"text":"٤٤٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، وَشُعَيْبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ ⦗٢٥٣⦘: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَوْمًا فَقَرَأَ: ص، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ بِالسَّجْدَةِ نَزَلَ، فَسَجَدَ، وَسَجَدْنَا مَعَهُ، وَقَرَأَ بِهَا مَرَّةً أُخْرَى، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ بِالسَّجْدَةِ، تَيَسَّرْنَا لِلسُّجُودِ، فَلَمَّا رَآنَا قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ تَوْبَةُ نَبِيٍّ، وَلَكِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ، قَدِ اسْتَعْدَدْتُمْ لِلسُّجُودِ، فَنَزَلَ، فَسَجَدَ، وَسَجَدْنَا»،\n\n٤٤٧١ - تَابَعَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ،\n\n٤٤٧٢ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: تَشَزَّنَّا","vol":"3","page":252},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-215>سُجُودُ الْقُرْآنِ لَيْسَ بِحَتْمٍ</span>","vol":"3","page":254},{"text":"٤٤٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، \" قَرَأَ بِالنَّجْمِ، فَسَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، إِلَّا رَجُلَيْنِ قَالَ: «أَرَادَا الشُّهْرَةَ»\n\n٤٤٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَالرَّجُلَانِ، لَا يَدَعَانِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ الْفَرْضَ، وَلَوْ تَرَكَاهُ، أَمْرَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِإِعَادَتِهِ","vol":"3","page":254},{"text":"٤٤٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ «قَرَأَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِالنَّجْمِ، فَلَمْ يَسْجُدْ فِيهَا»،\n\n٤٤٧٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَيْضًا، بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَبَانَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهَا؟ قَالَ: «لَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ»،\n\n٤٤٧٧ - فَلَمَّا كَانَ سُجُودُ الْقُرْآنِ خَارِجًا مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْمَكْتُوبَاتِ، كَانَتْ سُنَّةَ اخْتِيَارٍ","vol":"3","page":255},{"text":"٤٤٧٨ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَرَأَ سَجْدَةً، وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَنَزَلَ، فَسَجَدَ، وَسَجَدُوا مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ الْجُمُعَةَ الْأُخْرَى، فَتَهَيَّأَ النَّاسُ لِلسُّجُودِ، فَقَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عَلَى رِسْلِكُمْ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكْتُبْهَا عَلَيْنَا، إِلَّا أَنْ نَشَاءَ، فَقَرَأَهَا، فَلَمْ يَسْجُدْ، وَمَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا»\n\n٤٤٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَرَأَ: يُرِيدُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ⦗٢٥٦⦘.\n\n٤٤٨٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، مَوْصُولًا بِمَعْنَاهُ، مِنْ زِيَادَةِ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِيهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَفْرِضِ السُّجُودَ، إِلَّا أَنْ نَشَاءَ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"3","page":255},{"text":"٤٤٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «لَيْسَتِ السَّجْدَةُ بِوَاجِبَةٍ»\n\n٤٤٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ","vol":"3","page":256},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-216>سُجُودُ الْمُسْتَمِعِ بِسُجُودِ الْقَارِئِ</span>","vol":"3","page":257},{"text":"٤٤٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَرَأَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ السَّجْدَةَ، فَسَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثمَّ قَرَأَ آخَرُ عِنْدَهُ السَّجْدَةَ فَلَمْ يَسْجُدِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَرَأَ فُلَانٌ عِنْدَكَ السَّجْدَةَ، فَسَجَدَتْ، وَقَرَأْتُ عِنْدَكَ السَّجْدَةَ، فَلَمْ تَسْجُدْ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «كُنْتَ إِمَامًا، فَلَوْ سَجَدْتَ سَجَدْتُ»\n\n٤٤٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُهُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ حَكَى أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمْ يَسْجُدْ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَى الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مَعًا عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ\n\n٤٤٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَحَفْصُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ مُرْسَلًا.\n\n٤٤٨٦ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗٢٥٨⦘،\n\n٤٤٨٧ - وَإِسْحَاقُ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٤٤٨٨ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"3","page":257},{"text":"٤٤٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ السَّجْدَةَ عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ، فَإِذَا سَجَدْتَ سَجَدْنَا»\n\n٤٤٩٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِهَذَيْنِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، مَعَ مَا مَضَى عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا السُّجُودَ غَيْرُ وَاجِبٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٤٤٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْعُمَرِيِّ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْنَا الْقُرْآنَ، فَإِذَا مَرَّ بِالسَّجْدَةِ، كَبَّرَ، وَسَجَدَ، وَسَجَدْنَا» ⦗٢٥٩⦘\n\n٤٤٩٢ - وَعَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، إِذَا أَتَى عَلَى الْآيَةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ وَكَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ\n\n٤٤٩٣ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ: «إِذَا قَرَأْتَ سَجْدَةً، فَكَبِّرْ وَاسْجُدْ، وَإِذَا رَفَعْتَ فَكَبِّرْ»\n\n٤٤٩٤ - وَعَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، وَأَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، أَنَّهُمَا سَلَّمَا فِي السَّجْدَةِ، تَسْلِيمَةً عَنِ الْيَمِينِ","vol":"3","page":258},{"text":"٤٤٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرٌ هُوَ ابْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: أُمَيَّةُ عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «سَجَدَ فِي صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ، فَيَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ سُورَةً فِيهَا سَجْدَةٌ»","vol":"3","page":259},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-217>الصَّلَاةُ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":260},{"text":"٤٤٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، دَخَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ، وَمَعَهُ بِلَالٌ، وَأُسَامَةُ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: فَسَأَلْتُ بِلَالًا مَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: «جَعَلَ عَمُودًا عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، وَعَمُودًا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَثَلَاثَةَ أَعْمِدَةٍ وَرَاءَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى» قَالَ: «وَكَانَ الْبَيْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَعْمِدَةٍ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَقَالَ: «عَمُودَيْنِ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ» ⦗٢٦١⦘،\n\n٤٤٩٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ\n\n٤٤٩٨ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَقَالَ لَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، وَقَالَ: «عَمُودَيْنِ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ».\n\n٤٤٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٤٥٠٠ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَهُ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ","vol":"3","page":260},{"text":"٤٥٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَهَلْ خَالَفَكَ فِي هَذَا غَيْرُكَ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ دَخَلَ أُسَامَةُ، وَبِلَالٌ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ، فَقَالَ أُسَامَةُ: «نَظَرْتُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ إِذَا صَلَّى فِي الْبَيْتِ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ تَرَكَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْبَيْتِ بِظَهْرِهِ، فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَدَعَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ شَيْئًا بِظَهْرِهِ، فَكَبَّرَ فِي نَوَاحِيهِ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ»","vol":"3","page":261},{"text":"٤٥٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا أُمِرْتُمْ بِالطَّوَافِ، وَلَمْ تُؤْمَرُوا بِدُخُولِهِ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ يَنْهَى عَنْ دُخُولِهِ، وَلَكِنْ سَمِعْتُهُ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ دَعَا فِي نَوَاحِيهِ كُلِّهَا، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ فِيهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ رَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي قِبَلِ الْكَعْبَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَذِهِ الْقِبْلَةُ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، دُونَ سُؤَالِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ⦗٢٦٢⦘، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ بِطُولِهِ","vol":"3","page":261},{"text":"٤٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: لَا تَصْلُحُ الصَّلَاةُ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَلِهَذَهِ الْعِلَّةِ \"\n\n٤٥٠٤ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ، فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَمَا حُجَّتُكَ عَلَيْهِمْ؟ فَقَالُ: \" قَالَ بِلَالٌ: صَلَّى، فَكَانَ مَنْ قَالَ: صَلَّى شَاهِدٌ، وَمَنْ قَالَ: لَمْ يُصَلِّ لَيْسَ بِشَاهِدٍ، فَأَخَذْنَا بِقَوْلِ بِلَالٍ \" ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ\n\n٤٥٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، وَشَيْبَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، صَلَّى فِيهَا","vol":"3","page":262},{"text":"٤٥٠٦ - وَرَوَى زَيْدُ بْنُ جَبِيرَةَ وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنَّهُ نَهَى أَنْ يُصَلَّى فِي سَبْعَةِ مَوَاطِنَ فِي الْمَزْبَلَةِ، وَالْمَجْزَرَةِ، وَالْمَقْبَرَةِ، وَقَارِعَةِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَالْحَمَّامِ، وَمَعَاطِنِ الْإِبِلِ، وَفَوْقَ ظَهْرِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ» أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُنَادِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُقْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمِصْرِيُّ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ جَبِيرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":262},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-218>سُجُودُ السَّهْوِ، وَسُجُودُ الشُّكْرِ، مَنْ شَكَّ فِي صَلَاةٍ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ ثَلَاثًا صَلَّى أَمْ أَرْبَعًا</span>","vol":"3","page":263},{"text":"٤٥٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَحَفْصُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، وَدَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَسْلَمَ حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٢٦٤⦘: «إِذَا شَكَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ كَمْ صَلَّى؟ ثَلَاثًا أَمْ أَرْبَعًا؟ فَلْيَقُمْ، فَلْيُصَلِّ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الرَّكْعَةُ الَّتِي صَلَّى خَامِسَةً شَفَعَهَا بِهَاتَيْنِ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ رَابِعَةً، فَالسَّجْدَتَانِ تَرْغِيمٌ لِلشَّيْطَانِ»\n\n٤٥٠٨ - إِلَّا أَنَّ هِشَامًا بَلَّغَ بِهِ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ،\n\n٤٥٠٩ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَحْدَهُ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٤٥١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْوَصْلَ لِدَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ رِوَايَةَ الْبَاقِينَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، مَوْصُولًا ⦗٢٦٥⦘.\n\n٤٥١١ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، وَابْنِ الْمَاجِشُونِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"3","page":263},{"text":"٤٥١٢ - أَمَا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَتَكِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا شَكَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيُلْقِ الشَّكَّ، وَلْيَبْنِ عَلَى الْيَقِينِ، فَإِذَا اسْتَيْقَنَ التَّمَامَ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ تَامَّةً، كَانَتِ الرَّكْعَةُ نَافِلَةً، وَالسَّجْدَتَانِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ نَاقِصَةً، كَانَتِ الرَّكْعَةُ تَمَامًا لِصَلَاتِهِ، وَالسَّجْدَتَانِ تُرْغِمَانِ أَنْفَ الشَّيْطَانِ»، رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ","vol":"3","page":265},{"text":"٤٥١٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْمَاجِشُونِ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ ⦗٢٦٦⦘: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ خَيْرَانَ، وَعَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الْمَاجِشُونُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا لَمْ يَدْرِ أَحَدُكُمْ صَلَّى ثَلَاثًا، أَوْ أَرْبَعًا، فَلْيَقُمْ، فَلْيُصَلِّ رَّكْعَةً، وَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ»، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ خَيْرَانَ: «ثُمَّ يَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ صَلَّى خَمْسًا، شَفَعَتَا لَهُ صَلَاتَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ صَلَّى أَرْبَعًا، كَانَتَا تَرْغِيمًا لِلشَّيْطَانِ»\n\n٤٥١٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ مَوْصُولًا\n\n٤٥١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِهِ وَقَالَ: «حَتَّى يَكُونَ الشَّكُّ فِي الزِّيَادَةِ»","vol":"3","page":265},{"text":"٤٥١٦ - وَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ هَلْ سَمِعْتَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الرَّجُلِ إِذَا نَسِيَ صَلَاتَهُ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ، أَزَادَ، أَمْ نَقَصَ، مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ فِيهِ؟، قُلْتُ: وَمَا سَمِعْتَ أَنْتَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا فِي ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، إِذْ جَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فَقَالَ: لَكِنْ عِنْدِي، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: فَأَنْتَ عِنْدَنَا الْعَدْلُ الرَّضِيُّ، فَمَاذَا سَمِعْتَ؟ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا شَكَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَشَكَّ فِي الْوَاحِدَةِ، وَالثِّنْتَيْنِ فَلْيَجْعَلْهُمَا وَاحِدَةً، وَإِذَا شَكَّ فِي الِاثْنَتَيْنِ، وَالثَّلَاثِ، فَلْيَجْعَلْهُمَا اثْنَتَيْنِ، وَإِذَا شَكَّ فِي الثَّلَاثِ، وَالْأَرْبَعِ ⦗٢٦٨⦘، فَلْيَجْعَلْهَا ثَلَاثًا، حَتَّى يَكُونَ الْوَهْمُ فِي الزِّيَادَةِ، وَيَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ» هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٤٥١٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَلَقِيتُ حُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لِي: هَلْ أُسْنِدُهُ لَكَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَا قَالَ: لَكِنْ حَدَّثَنِي مَكْحُولٌ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n٤٥١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ سَيْفٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، بِمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٤٥١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَاحْتَجَّ مُحْتَجٌّ مِنْهُمْ، بِأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «فَلْيَتَحَرَّ الصَّوَابَ، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدْ»","vol":"3","page":267},{"text":"٤٥٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ أَنْسَى، كَمَا تَنْسَوْنَ، فَأَيُّكُمْ مَا شَكَّ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَلْيَنْظُرْ أَحْرَى ذَلِكَ لِلصَّوَابِ، فَلْيُتِمَّ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ» ⦗٢٦٩⦘\n\n٤٥٢١ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، وَوَكِيعٍ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ وَكِيعٍ: «فَلْيَتَحَرَّ الصَّوَابَ» وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ بِشْرٍ، كَمَا رُوِّينَا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ \" وَقَالَ: فَلْيَتَحَرَّ الصَّوَابَ \"\n\n٤٥٢٢ - وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ فِي جُمْلَةِ حَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ سَهَا، فَصَلَّى خَمْسًا.\n\n٤٥٢٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ، وَالْأَعْمَشُ، تِلْكَ الْقِصَّةَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ دُونَ لَفْظِ التَّحَرِّي.\n\n٤٥٢٤ - وَرَوَاهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ دُونَ لَفْظِ التَّحَرِّي ⦗٢٧٠⦘.\n\n٤٥٢٥ - وَرَوَاهَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ دُونَ لَفْظِ التَّحَرِّي.\n\n٤٥٢٦ - فَذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْمَعْرِفَةِ بِالْحَدِيثِ إِلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ بِالتَّحَرِّي فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَشْكُوكٌ فِيهِ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ جِهَةِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَوْ مَنْ دُونَهُ، فَأُدْرِجَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n٤٥٢٧ - وَذَهَبَ غَيْرُهُ إِلَى تَصْحِيحِ الْحَدِيثِ، بِأَنَّ مَنْصُورَ بْنَ الْمُعْتَمِرِ مِنْ حُفَّاظِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَثِقَاتِهِمْ، وَقَدْ رَوَى الْقِصَّةَ بِتَمَامِهَا، وَرَوَى فِيهَا لَفْظَ التَّحَرِّي غَيْرَ مُضَافٍ إِلَى غَيْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَرَوَاهَا عَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ مِنْهُمْ: مِسْعَرٌ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، وَشُعْبَةُ، وَوهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَفُضَيْلُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، وَجَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ،\n\n٤٥٢٨ - وَالزِّيَادَةُ مِنَ الثِّقَةِ مَقْبُولَةٌ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا خِلَافُ رِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ،\n\n٤٥٢٩ - وَالْجَوَابُ عَنْهُ مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْنَا قَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ قَوْلُهُ ﷺ: «فَلْيَتَحَرَّ» الَّذِي يَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ نَقَصَهُ، فَيُتِمُّهُ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ التَّحَرِّي أَنْ ⦗٢٧١⦘ يُعِيدَ مَا شَكَّ فِيهِ، وَيَبْنِي عَلَى حَالٍ يَسْتَيْقِنُ فِيهَا، وَهُوَ كَلَامٌ عَرَبِيٌّ، وَقَدْ فَسَّرَهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ عَلَى مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى\n\n٤٥٣٠ - قَالَ مِنْهُمْ قَائِلٌ: قَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ مَا قُلْنَا، فَمَا جَعَلَ مَعْنَاكَ أَوْلَى. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْنَا الدَّلَالَةُ، بِالرِّوَايَةِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّهُمَا رَوَيَا ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَهُوَ أَمْرُ الْعَامَّةِ قَبْلَنَا لَا أَعْلَمُ فِيهِ مِنْهُمْ مُخَالِفًا غَيْرَ أَنَّ الْأَلْفَاظِ قَدْ تَخْتَلِفُ لِسَعَةِ الْكَلَامِ فِي الْأَمْرِ الَّذِي مَعْنَاهُ وَاحِدٌ\n\n٤٥٣١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَمِنِ اخْتِلَافِ أَلْفَاظِهِمْ تَعَلَّقُ الطَّحَاوِيِّ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُمَا سُئِلَا عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَهَا، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ كَمْ صَلَّى ثَلَاثًا أَمْ أَرْبَعًا، فَقَالَا: يَتَحَرَّى أَصَوْبَ ذَلِكَ، فَيُتِمُّهُ، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ.\n\n٤٥٣٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَلْيَتَوَخَّ الَّذِي يَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ نَسِيَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ، فَلْيُصَلِّهِ، وَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ،\n\n٤٥٣٣ - فَتَرَكَ مَا رَوَى أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَرِيحًا فِي طَرْحِ الشَّكِّ وَالْبِنَاءِ عَلَى الْيَقِينِ، وَتَعَلَّقَ بِمَا يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِمَا رَوَى،\n\n٤٥٣٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ بَيَّنَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُخْرَى عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِالتَّوَخِّي، أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ، مَا يَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ نَسِيَ،\n\n٤٥٣٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَرِيحًا كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي الْبِنَاءِ عَلَى الْيَقِينِ","vol":"3","page":268},{"text":"٤٥٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْبَزَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ، فَلَا يَدْرِي كَمْ صَلَّى ثَلَاثًا، أَمْ أَرْبَعًا، فَلْيَرْكَعْ رَكْعَةً، يُحْسِنُ فِي رُكُوعِهَا، وَسُجُودِهَا، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»\n\n٤٥٣٧ - فَتَرَكَ هَذَا، وَتَعَلَّقَ بِمَا يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِهَذَا، وَحَمَلَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَلَى مَا لَوْ شَكَّ فِي الْعَدَدِ وَلَمْ يَغْلِبْ عَلَى ظَنِّهِ شَيْءٌ، فَحِينَئِذٍ يَبْنِي عَلَى الْيَقِينِ، وَجَعَلَ قِيَاسَ ذَلِكَ الصَّوْمَ، وَالصَّلَاةَ، وَهَلَّا أَمْضَى الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، وَجَعَلَ الْمُفَسَّرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيَانًا لِمُطْلَقِهِ، ثُمَّ جَرَى عَلَى الْقِيَاسِ فِيهِ، إِذَا غَلَبَ عَلَى ظَنِّهِ كَمَا جَرَى عَلَيْهِ، فِيهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَغْلِبْ عَلَى ظَنِّهِ، فَيُوجِبَ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَ مَا يَشُكُّ فِيهِ، كَمَا أَوْجَبَهُ فِي أَصْلِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَالصَّوْمِ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَعْمِلْ فِيهِمَا غَالِبًا الظَّنَّ لِيَكُونَ قَائِلًا بِالْأَحَادِيثِ كُلِّهَا، جَارِيًا عَلَى مُقْتَضَى الْقِيَاسِ فِي الْحَالَيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ يُوَفِّقُنَا لِمُتَابَعَةِ السُّنَّةِ، وَبِهِ الْعِيَاذُ، وَالْعِصْمَةُ.\n\n٤٥٣٨ - وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀: التَّحَرِّي قَدْ يَكُونُ بِمَعْنَى الْيَقِينِ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ فَأُولَئِكَ تَحَرَّوْا رَشَدًا﴾ [الجن: ١٤]","vol":"3","page":272},{"text":"٤٥٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَكَعْبَ الْأَحْبَارِ عَنِ الَّذِي يَشُكُّ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَلَا يَدْرِي أَثْلَاثًا صَلَّى، أَمْ أَرْبَعًا ⦗٢٧٣⦘، فَكِلَاهُمَا قَالَ: «فَلْيَقُمْ، فَلْيُصَلِّ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى، وَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، إِذَا صَلَّى»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ ح،\n\n٤٥٤٠ - وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَفِيفِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو السَّهْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":272},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-219>الْعَمَلُ فِي السَّهْوِ</span>","vol":"3","page":274},{"text":"٤٥٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ قَالَ: «صَلَّى لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ، فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ، فَقَامَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ، وَنَظَرْنَا تَسْلِيمَهُ، كَبَّرَ، فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ التَّسْلِيمِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ» ⦗٢٧٥⦘، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٤٥٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ابْنُ بُحَيْنَةَ مَعْرُوفً بِصُحْبَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٤٥٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعْرُوفًا، لَمَا اتَّفَقَ عُلَمَاءُ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ، عَلَى الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِرَوَايَاتِهِ،\n\n٤٥٤٤ - وَهُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْقِشْبِ مِنْ أَزْدِ شَنُوءَةَ، وَأُمُّهُ بُحَيْنَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ\n\n٤٥٤٥ - ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، كُنْيَتُهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، رَوَى عَنْهُ، ابْنُهُ عَلِيٌّ، وَحَفْصُ بْنُ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ هُرْمُزَ الْأَعْرَجُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ ⦗٢٧٦⦘\n\n٤٥٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا غَيْرُهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٤٥٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا قَوْلَنَا، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، كُلُّهُمْ يَرْوُونَ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، سَجَدَ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ»\n\n٤٥٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ، وَهَذَا نُقْصَانٌ،\n\n٤٥٤٩ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهَذِهِ زِيَادَةٌ،\n\n٤٥٥٠ - فَبَيَّنَ بِذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ يَسْجُدُ فِيهِمَا جَمِيعًا قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ\n\n٤٥٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَا حَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي الْبَابِ قَبْلَهُ،\n\n٤٥٥٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"3","page":274},{"text":"٤٥٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ الْجُهَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُضَرَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْعَجْلَانَ، مَوْلَى فَاطِمَةَ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يُوسُفَ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، صَلَّى بِهِمْ، فَنَسِيَ، فَقَامَ، وَعَلَيْهِ جُلُوسٌ، فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ، فَلَمَّا ⦗٢٧٧⦘ كَانَ فِي آخِرِ صَلَاتِهِ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَكَذَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَنَعَ»\n\n٤٥٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَا فِي كِتَابِي،\n\n٤٥٥٥ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ،\n\n٤٥٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ\n\n٤٥٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ فَعَلَهُ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيُّ، وَقَالَ: السُّنَّةُ الَّذِي صَنَعْتَ\n\n٤٥٥٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ: أَنَّهُ سَجَدَهُمَا بَعْدَ السَّلَامِ\n\n٤٥٥٩ - وَإِسْنَادُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ أَصَحُّ، وَمَعَ حَدِيثِهِ حَدِيثُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، وَالْعَدَدُ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ.\n\n٤٥٦٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ شَكَّ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ بَعْدَمَا يُسَلِّمُ» ⦗٢٧٨⦘\n\n٤٥٦١ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَصَحُّ إِسْنَادًا مِنْهُ، وَأَتَمُّ مَتْنًا، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى.\n\n٤٥٦٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لِكُلِّ سَهْوٍ سَجْدَتَانِ، بَعْدَمَا يُسَلِّمُ»\n\n٤٥٦٣ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ\n\n٤٥٦٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي قِصَّةِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى كِفَايَةِ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، لِجَمِيعِ مَا يَقَعُ فِي صَلَاةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنَ السَّهْوِ، وَإِنْ كَثُرَ،\n\n٤٥٦٥ - وَأَمَا حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، وَسُجُودُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهَا بَعْدَ التَّسْلِيمِ، وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِي التَّحَرِّي، وَقَوْلُهُ: «فَلْيُتِمَّ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لِيُسَلِّمْ، ثُمَّ لْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ ادَّعَى نَسْخَ السُّجُودِ بَعْدَ السَّلَامِ","vol":"3","page":276},{"text":"٤٥٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ⦗٢٧٩⦘ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: «سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ، وَبَعْدَهُ، وَآخِرُ الْأَمْرَيْنِ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ»\n\n٤٥٦٧ - وَأَكَّدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، سَجَدَهُمَا، قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ\n\n٤٥٦٨ - قَالَ: وَصُحْبَةُ مُعَاوِيَةَ مُتَأَخِّرَةٌ","vol":"3","page":278},{"text":"٤٥٦٩ - قَالَ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَأَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ: سَأَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ابْنَ شِهَابٍ: مَتَى يُسْجَدُ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ؟ فَقَالَ: «قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ، لِأَنَّهُمَا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَهُوَ مُقَدَّمٌ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ» فَأَخَذْتُهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ\n\n٤٥٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَقَوْلَهُ.\n\n٤٥٧١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ: «أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِهِمَا قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ»","vol":"3","page":279},{"text":"٤٥٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو شَيْبَةَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَزَادَ، أَمْ نَقَصَ، فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمْ» ⦗٢٨٠⦘\n\n٤٥٧٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الرُّومِيِّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يُونُسَ،\n\n٤٥٧٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا ابْنُ أَخِي الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٤٥٧٥ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ»،\n\n٤٥٧٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَصُحْبَةُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَيْضًا مُتَأَخِّرَةٌ،\n\n٤٥٧٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَتِهِ وَرِوَايَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَصُحْبَتُهُ مُتَأَخِّرَةٌ، مَعَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ تَأْكِيدُ هَذِهِ الطَّرِيقَةِ، الَّتِي رَوَاهَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n٤٥٧٨ - إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِنَا، زَعَمَ أَنَّ قَوْلَ الزُّهْرِيِّ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالْأَحَادِيثُ فِي السُّجُودِ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ وَبَعْدَهُ قَوْلًا وَفِعْلًا ثَابِتَةٌ، وَتَقْدِيمُ بَعْضِهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ غَيْرُ مَعْلُومٍ بِرِوَايَةٍ مَوْصُولَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ، فَالْأَشْبَهُ جَوَازُ الْأَمْرَيْنِ،\n\n٤٥٧٩ - ثُمَّ احْتَاطَ بَعْضُهُمْ، فَفَعَلَ مَا فَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، أَوْ قَالَهُ: فِي كُلِّ وَاقِعَةٍ رَوِيَتْ عَنْهُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ ⦗٢٨١⦘،\n\n٤٥٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مَعَ مَا حَكَيْنَا عَنْهُ: مَنْ سَجَدَ لِلسَّهْوِ بَعْدَ السَّلَامِ تَشَهَّدَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، وَمَنْ سَجَدَ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ، أَجْزَأَهُ التَّشَهُّدُ الْأَوَّلُ، وَفِي هَذَا تَجْوِيزُ هَذَا السُّجُودِ بَعْدَ السَّلَامِ وَقَبْلَهُ","vol":"3","page":279},{"text":"٤٥٨١ - وَأَمَا التَّشَهُّدُ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «صَلَّى بِهِمْ، فَسَهَا، فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ بَعْدُ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ»\n\n٤٥٨٢ - وَهَذَا يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ أَشْعَثُ،\n\n٤٥٨٣ - وَخَالَفَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، فَرَوَوْهُ عَنْ خَالِدٍ، دُونَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ،\n\n٤٥٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ خَالِدٍ، فَقَالَ فِيهِ: «فَقَامَ، فَصَلَّى، ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ، وَسَلَّمَ، وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، فَجَعَلَ التَّشَهُّدَ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ، وَالسَّجْدَتَيْنِ»\n\n٤٥٨٥ - وَقَالَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ: قُلْتُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ: فِيهِمَا تَشَهَّدَ، يَعْنِي فِي سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ قَالَ: لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَتَشَهَّدَ","vol":"3","page":281},{"text":"٤٥٨٦ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ ⦗٢٨٢⦘، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «تَشَهَّدَ بَعْدَ أَنْ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنْ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ»،\n\n٤٥٨٧ - وَهَذَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، هَذَا، وَلَا حُجَّةَ فِيمَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ لِسُوءِ حِفْظِهِ، وَكَثْرَةِ خَطَئِهِ فِي الرِّوَايَاتِ","vol":"3","page":281},{"text":"٤٥٨٨ - وَرَوَى خُصَيْفٌ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِذَا كُنْتَ فِي صَلَاةٍ، فَشَكَكْتَ فِي ثَلَاثٍ، أَوْ أَرْبَعٍ، وَأَكْبَرُ ظَنِّكَ عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ تَشَهَّدْتَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدْتَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَأَنْتَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسَلِّمَ، ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدْتَ أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ تُسَلِّمُ»،\n\n٤٥٨٩ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ فِي رَفْعِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ، وَخُصَيْفٌ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"3","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-220>مَنْ سَهَا فَصَلَّى خَمْسًا</span>","vol":"3","page":283},{"text":"٤٥٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ النَّخَعِيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ خَمْسًا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: زِيدَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، أَوْ قَالُوا لَهُ: صَلَّيْتَ خَمْسًا، «فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»\n\n٤٥٩١ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِهِ","vol":"3","page":283},{"text":"٤٥٩٢ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ: عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَحَفْصٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «تَكَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ بَعْدَ الْكَلَامِ»\n\n٤٥٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ السَّهْوَ بَعْدَ الْكَلَامِ، فَسَأَلَ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْقَنَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ سَهَا سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ، وَنَحْنُ نَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا، وَهُمْ لَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا","vol":"3","page":284},{"text":"٤٥٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ، أَنْسَى كَمَا تَنْسَوْنَ»\n\n٤٥٩٥ - قَالَ: وَزَادَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «فَإِذَا نَسِيَ أَحَدُكُمْ، فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ»، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"3","page":284},{"text":"٤٥٩٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي كُرَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ حَفْصٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِمَا «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ بَعْدَ السَّلَامِ وَالْكَلَامِ»\n\n٤٥٩٧ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ حَدِيثِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ\n\n٤٥٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَرْوونَهُ، ثُمَّ يُخَالِفُونَهُ، إِلَى غَيْرِ أَثَرٍ، وَلَا حُجَّةٍ","vol":"3","page":284},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-221>مَنْ سَهَا فَقَامَ مِنَ اثْنَتَيْنِ، وَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ</span>","vol":"3","page":285},{"text":"٤٥٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «قَامَ مِنَ اثْنَتَيْنِ مِنَ الظُّهْرِ، لَمْ يَجْلِسْ فِيهِمَا، فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٤٦٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَبِهَذَا قُلْتُ: إِذَا تَرَكَ الْمُصَلِّي التَّشَهُّدَ الْأَوَّلَ، لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةٌ.\n\n٤٦٠١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْخَبَرُ فِيمَنِ اسْتَتَمَّ قَائِمًا، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَذْكُرَ، فَإِنْ ذَكَرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَتِمَّ قَائِمًا. فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَالنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، أَنَّهُمَا جَلَسَا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَا","vol":"3","page":285},{"text":"٤٦٠٢ - وَروَى جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُبَيْلٍ الْأَحْمَسِيِّ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا قَامَ الْإِمَامُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ ذَكَرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَتِمَّ قَائِمًا، فَلْيَجْلِسْ، وَإِنِ اسْتَتَمَّ قَائِمًا، فَلَا يَجْلِسْ، وَيَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٤٦٠٣ - وَجَابِرٌ هَذَا لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يُرْوَى مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرَيْنِ، وَحَدِيثُهُ أَشْهَرُهُمَا بَيْنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ","vol":"3","page":286},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-222>مَنْ سَهَا فَتَرَكَ رُكْنًا عَادَ إِلَى مَا تَرَكَهُ، حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ بِالصَّلَاةِ مَرْتَبَةً كَمَا صَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرْتَبَةً، وَقَالَ: «صَلُّوا كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي أُصَلِّي»</span>","vol":"3","page":287},{"text":"٤٦٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٨٨⦘: «صَلُّوا كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي أُصَلِّي، فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ لَكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَكْبَرُكُمْ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ","vol":"3","page":287},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-223>مَنْ سَهَا عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":289},{"text":"٤٦٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ صَلَّى فَلَمْ يَقْرَأْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: «كَيْفَ كَانَ الرُّكُوعُ وَالسُّجُودُ؟» قَالُوا: حَسَنًا. قَالَ: «فَلَا بَأْسَ إِذًا»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٤٦٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَنَّهُ سَجَدَ لِلسَّهْوِ، وَلَمْ يُعِدِ الصَّلَاةَ، وَإِنَّمَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ\n\n٤٦٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا عَلَى قَوْلِهِ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى الْقِرَاءَةِ الْوَاجِبَةِ،\n\n٤٦٠٨ - وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى قِرَاءَةِ السُّورَةِ، أَوْ عَلَى الْإِسْرَارِ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِيمَا يَنْبَغِي الْجَهْرُ بِهَا، ثُمَّ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ أَعَادَهَا","vol":"3","page":289},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-224>الْجَهْرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، فِيمَا حَقَّهُ الْإِسْرَارُ بِهَا</span>","vol":"3","page":290},{"text":"٤٦٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «يُسْمِعُنَا الْآيَةَ أَحْيَانًا فِي الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ»،\n\n٤٦١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٤٦١١ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ، حِينَ صَلَّى خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ﵁ الْمَغْرِبَ، وَأَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ قَرَأَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَبِهَذِهِ ⦗٢٩١⦘ الْآيَةِ: ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا﴾ [آل عمران: ٨] إِلَى آخِرِهَا، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، فِيمَا مَضَى","vol":"3","page":290},{"text":"٤٦١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مِنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ «نَغَمَةً مِنْ قَافٍ فِي الظُّهْرِ»،\n\n٤٦١٣ - أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":291},{"text":"٤٦١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زِيَادٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ «يَقْرَأُ فِي الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ»\n\n٤٦١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا عِنْدَنَا لَا يُوجِبُ سَهْوًا، وَلَا نَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَعْمِدَ الرَّجُلُ الْجَهْرَ بِالشَّيْءِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، لِيُعْلِمَ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ، أَنَّهُ يَقْرَأُ وَهُمْ يَكْرَهُونَ هَذَا، وَيُوجِبُونَ السَّهْوَ عَلَى مَنْ فَعَلَهُ\n\n٤٦١٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ أَنَسًا «جَهَرَ فِي الظُّهْرِ، وَالْعَصْرِ، فَلَمْ يَسْجُدْ»","vol":"3","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-225>مَنِ الْتَفَتَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، أَوْ تَفَكَّرَ فِي شَيْءٍ، أَوْ نَظَرَ إِلَى مَا يُلْهِيهِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ سُجُودُ السَّهْوِ</span>","vol":"3","page":292},{"text":"٤٦١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ نَابَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَلْيُسَبِّحْ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ»،\n\n٤٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٩٣⦘.\n\n٤٦١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: الِالْتِفَاتُ تَغَيُّرٌ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَوْ كَانَ يَجِبُ بِهِ السَّهْوُ، لَمْ يَأْذَنْ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":292},{"text":"٤٦٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى فِي خَمِيصَةٍ قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ: «شَغَلَتْنِي هَذِهِ الْخَمِيصَةُ اذْهَبُوا بِهَا إِلَى أَبِي جَهْمٍ، وَائْتُونِي بِأَنْبِجَانِيَّةٍ»، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n٤٦٢١ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «فِي خَمِيصَةٍ لَهَا أَعْلَامٌ»، فَقَالَ: «شَغَلَتْنِي هَذِهِ الْأَعْلَامُ»","vol":"3","page":293},{"text":"٤٦٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: أَهْدَى أَبُو جَهْمِ بْنُ حُذَيْفَةَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، خَمِيصَةً، شَامِيَّةً لَهَا عَلَمٌ، فَشَهِدَ فِيهَا الصَّلَاةَ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «رُدِّي هَذِهِ الْخَمِيصَةَ إِلَى أَبِي جَهْمٍ، فَإِنِّي نَظَرْتُ إِلَى عَلَمِهَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَكَادَتْ تَفْتِنِّي» ⦗٢٩٤⦘\n\n٤٦٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: فَلَمْ نَعْلَمْهُ سَجَدَ لِلسَّهْوِ،\n\n٤٦٢٤ - قَالَ: وَنَظَرَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلَى حَائِطٍ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمْ نَعْلَمْهُ أَمَرَهُ، أَنْ يَسْجُدَ لِلسَّهْوِ،\n\n٤٦٢٥ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: إِلَى طَائِرٍ يَتَرَدَّدُ، فَرَجَعَ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ كَمْ صَلَّى","vol":"3","page":293},{"text":"٤٦٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ بُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي حَائِطٍ لَهُ فَطَارَ دُبْسِيٌّ، فَطَفِقَ يَتَرَدَّدُ يَلْتَمِسُ مَخْرَجًا، فَأَعْجَبَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَجَعَلَ يُتْبِعُهُ بَصَرَهُ سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى صَلَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ لَا يَدْرِي كَمْ صَلَّى، فَقَالَ: «لَقَدْ أَصَابَنِي فِي مَالِي هَذَا فِتْنَةٌ»، فَجَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ فِي حَائِطِهِ مِنَ الْفِتْنَةِ، فَقَالَ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هُوَ صَدَقَةٌ، فَضَعْهُ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ»،\n\n٤٦٢٧ - وَكَتَبْتُ حَدِيثًا لِلشَّافِعِيِّ، يَلِيقُ بِهَذَا الْمَوْضُوعِ","vol":"3","page":294},{"text":"٤٦٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْفَارِسِيُّ الْمُفَسِّرُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْقُهِسْتَانِيُّ، بِشِيرَازَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُرَادِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَرْجَانَةَ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: إِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ، فَبَكَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَخَذَنَا اللَّهُ ⦗٢٩٥⦘ بِهَا لَنَهْلِكَنَّ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: \" يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَدْ وَجَدَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْهَا حِينَ نَزَلَتْ مَا وَجَدُوا، فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنَزَلَتْ: لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا الْآيَةَ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَالْعَمَلِ \"،\n\n٤٦٢٩ - وَكَانَ حَدِيثُ النَّفْسِ مِمَّا لَا يَمْلِكُهُ أَحَدٌ، وَلَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ","vol":"3","page":294},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-226>الْكَلَامُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى وَجْهِ السَّهْوِ</span>","vol":"3","page":296},{"text":"٤٦٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا نُسَلِّمُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ نَأْتِيَ أَرْضَ الْحَبَشَةِ، فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْنَا، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ أَتَيْتُهُ، لِأُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَوَجَدْتُهُ يُصَلِّي، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ، فَأَخَذَنِي مَا قَرُبَ، وَمَا بَعُدَ، فَجَلَسْتُ، حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ أَتَيْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ يُحْدِثُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ، وَإِنَّ مِمَّا أَحْدَثَ اللَّهُ، أَنْ لَا تَكَلَّمُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ» [٢٩٧]-\n\n٤٦٣١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ، وَتَدَاوَلَهُ الْفُقَهَاءُ بَيْنَهُمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّ صَاحِبَيِ الصَّحِيحِ يَتَوَقَّيَانِ رِوَايَةَ عَاصِمٍ لِسُوءِ حِفْظِهِ،\n\n٤٦٣٢ - وَوُجِدَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ، عَلَى شَرْطِهِمَا بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ، فَأَخْرَجَاهُ دُونَ حَدِيثِ عَاصِمٍ","vol":"3","page":296},{"text":"٤٦٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ الْمُقْرِئُ بِوَاسِطٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ رَشَدِ بْنِ خَيْثَمٍ الْكُوفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا نُسَلِّمُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْنَا، فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا مِنْ عِنْدِ النَّجَاشِيِّ سَلَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْنَا، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كُنَّا نُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْكَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَتَرُدُّ عَلَيْنَا قَالَ: «إِنَّ فِي الصَّلَاةِ شُغُلًا» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ","vol":"3","page":297},{"text":"٤٦٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، انْصَرَفَ مِنَ اثْنَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ: أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، أَمْ نَسِيتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَصَدَقَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ»؟ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ ⦗٢٩٨⦘: نَعَمْ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَصَلَّى اثْنَتَيْنِ أُخْرَيَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ، فَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ، أَوْ أَطْوَلَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٤٦٣٥ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: ثُمَّ أَتَى جِذْعًا فِي قِبْلَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَاسْتَنَدَ إِلَيْهَا مُغْضَبًا، وَفِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ: وَأُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَسَلَّمَ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ\n\n٤٦٣٦ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِحْدَى صَلَاتَيِ الْعَشِيِّ،\n\n٤٦٣٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: وَأَظُنُّهُ أَيْضًا فِي رِوَايَةِ أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"3","page":297},{"text":"٤٦٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِحْدَى صَلَاتَيِ الْعَشِيِّ الظُّهْرَ، أَوِ الْعَصْرَ قَالَ: فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى خَشَبَةٍ فِي مُقَدَّمِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَوَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَيْهَا، إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ، فَقَالَ: «أَصَدَقَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ» فَأَوْمَئُوا أَنْ نَعَمْ\n\n٤٦٣٩ - وَهَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ لَيْسَتْ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ: فَأَوْمَئُوا، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ،\n\n٤٦٤٠ - وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ، إِمَامٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"3","page":299},{"text":"٤٦٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ ح\n\n٤٦٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ ابْنُ ابْنَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ وَهُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَوْنِ بْنِ الْأَرْطَبَانِ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِحْدَى صَلَاتَيِ الْعَشِيِّ قَالَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ: سَمَّاهَا لَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَنَسِيتُ أَنَا، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى خَشَبَةٍ مَعْرُوضَةٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى الْيُسْرَى، وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ، وَاتَّكَأَ عَلَى الْخَشَبَةِ، كَأَنَّهُ غَضْبَانُ، وَوَضَعَ خَدَّهُ الْأَيْمَنَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ كَفِّهِ الْيُسْرَى ⦗٣٠٠⦘، قَالَ: وَخَرَجَ السَّرَعَانُ، فَقَالُوا: قُصِرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَفِي الْقَوْمِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، فَهَابَا أَنْ يُكَلِّمَاهُ، وَفِي الْقَوْمِ رَجُلٌ فِي يَدَيْهِ طُولٌ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَمْ تَقْصُرِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَلَمْ أَنْسَ» فَقَالَ لِلْقَوْمِ: «أَكَمَا يَقُولُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟» فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: فَصَلَّى مَا كَانَ تَرَكَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ، وَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ، أَوْ أَطْوَلَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ، فَكَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ، وَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ، أَوْ أَطْوَلَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ، وَكَبَّرَ قَالَ: فَرُبَّمَا سَأَلُوهُ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فَيَقُولُ: نُبِّئْتُ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ\n\n٤٦٤٣ - قَالَ النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ الَّذِي سُئِلَ قَالَ النَّضْرُ: سَرَعَانُ النَّاسُ، أَوَائِلُ النَّاسِ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ دُونَ تَفْسِيرِ النَّضْرِ،\n\n٤٦٤٤ - وَحُسْنُ سِيَاقِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي قِيَامِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الْخَشَبَةِ، وَوَضْعِ يَدِهِ، وَتَشْبِيكِهِ، وَاتِّكَائِهِ، وَوَضْعِ خَدِّهِ مَعَ قَوْلِهِ: صَلَّى بِنَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى شُهُودِهِ الْقِصَّةَ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا إِلَى آخِرِهَا","vol":"3","page":299},{"text":"٤٦٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ، فَسَلَّمَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، فَقَامَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، أَمْ نَسِيتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ ⦗٣٠١⦘ فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: «أَصَدَقَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟» فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ، فَأَتَمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ بَعْدَ التَّسْلِيمِ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: صَلَّى لَنَا","vol":"3","page":300},{"text":"٤٦٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ\n\n٤٦٤٧ - قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، رَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِحْدَى الصَّلَاتَيْنِ، الظُّهْرِ، أَوِ الْعَصْرِ، فَسَلَّمَ مِنَ اثْنَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ بْنِ كِلَابٍ: أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَمَا نَسِيتُ»، فَقَالَ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ: قَدْ كَانَ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: «أَصَدَقَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟»، فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ، فَأَتَمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ\n\n٤٦٤٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٤٦٤٩ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، بِالْإِسْنَادَيْنِ جَمِيعًا،\n\n٤٦٥٠ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗٣٠٢⦘،\n\n٤٦٥١ - فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ مَالِكٌ هَكَذَا مُرْسَلًا عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةِ،\n\n٤٦٥٢ - وَأَسْنَدَهُ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٤٦٥٣ - وَأَسْنَدَهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنْهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: صَلَّى لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٤٦٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، فَأَرْسَلَ حَدِيثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَأَسْنَدَ حَدِيثَهُ عَنِ الْبَاقِينَ. وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، يَمِيلُ إِلَى تَصْحِيحِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ،\n\n٤٦٥٥ - وَفِي مَتْنِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ تَقْصِيرٌ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا فِي ذَكَرِ ذِي الشِّمَالَيْنِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، وَذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ تَقَدَّمَ مَوْتُهُ، فِيمَنْ قُتِلَ بِبَدْرٍ وَذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، بَقِيَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فِيمَا يُقَالُ،\n\n٤٦٥٦ - وَالْآخَرُ فِي تَرْكِ ذِكْرِ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ فِيهِ، وَكَانَ الزُّهْرِيُّ، لَا يَحْفَظُهُمَا فِي حَدِيثِهِمْ، وَكَانَ قَدْ بَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ،\n\n٤٦٥٧ - رَوَى عَنْهُ، مَعْمَرٌ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ بَعْدَمَا فَرَغَ.\n\n٤٦٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْإِثْبَاتِ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: صَلَّى لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ، أَوِ الْعَصْرَ فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ ⦗٣٠٣⦘، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٤٦٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أُصَلِّي، مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ،\n\n٤٦٦٠ - ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْفَظْ يَحْيَى السُّجُودَ فِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، فَقَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي ضَمْضَمٌ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَجْدَتَيْنِ،\n\n٤٦٦١ - وَالْحَدِيثُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ، دُونَ سِيَاقِ تَمَامِ مَتْنِهِ،\n\n٤٦٦٢ - وَفِي هَذَا كُلِّهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى شُهُودِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ الْقِصَّةَ، وَأَنَّ قَوْلَ مَنْ قَالَ قَوْلَهُ: صَلَّى بِنَا يَعْنِي: صَلَّى بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِنْ جَازَ ذَلِكَ فِيهِ مَعَ تَرْكِ الظَّاهِرِ، لَمْ يَجُزْ فِي قَوْلِهِ: بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أُصَلِّيَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٤٦٦٣ - وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ فِي قِصَّةِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، وَلَا يُفْعَلَانِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ تَحْرِيمِ الْكَلَامِ، وَالسَّلَامُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْكَلَامِ، إِذَا وَقَعَ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهِ،\n\n٤٦٦٤ - وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِيَ أَخْبَرَهُ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ: ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، وَمَنْ قَالَ فِيهِ: ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ، فَقَدْ وَهِمَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":301},{"text":"٤٦٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٣٠٤⦘،\n\n٤٦٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ح\n\n٤٦٦٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، صَلَّى فَسَهَا، فَسَلَّمَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ، يُقَالُ لَهُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ قَالَ: «مَا قَصُرَتْ، وَمَا نَسِيتُ» قَالَ: فَإِنَّكَ صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَكَمَا قَالَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟» قَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَتَقَدَّمَ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ»، تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ","vol":"3","page":303},{"text":"٤٦٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: \" سَلَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ مِنَ الْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ، فَدَخَلَ الْحُجْرَةَ، فَقَالَ الْخِرْبَاقُ رَجُلٌ بَسِيطُ الْيَدَيْنِ: فَنَادَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَخَرَجَ مُغْضَبًا يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ، فَسَأَلَ، فَأُخْبِرَ، فَصَلَّى تِلْكَ الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي كَانَ تَرَكَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ \" ⦗٣٠٥⦘، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ\n\n٤٦٦٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَهُشَيْمٍ عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، فَسَلَّمَ فِي ثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ، الْحَدِيثُ.\n\n٤٦٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، فَحِينَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ هُشَيْمٍ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ هُشَيْمٍ، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ أَيْضًا سَمَاعَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ،\n\n٤٦٧١ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ","vol":"3","page":304},{"text":"٤٦٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُدَيْجٍ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَى الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، أَنَّ سُوَيْدَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُدَيْجٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" صَلَّى يَوْمًا، فَانْصَرَفَ، وَقَدْ بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَةٌ، فَأَدْرَكَهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: نَسِيتَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَةً، فَرَجَعَ، فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا، فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ، فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ رَكْعَةً \" فَأَخْبَرْتُ بِذَلِكَ النَّاسَ، فَقَالُوا: وَتَعْرِفُ الرَّجُلَ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ أَرَاهُ، فَمَرَّ بِي، فَقُلْتُ: هُوَ هَذَا، فَقَالُوا: هَذَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ⦗٣٠٦⦘\n\n٤٦٧٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَسَلَّمَ، وَقَدْ بَقِيَتْ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَةٌ،\n\n٤٦٧٤ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، فَقَالَ: «الْمَغْرِبُ»، وَقَالَ: «فَسَلَّمَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ»،\n\n٤٦٧٥ - وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الرِّوَايَاتِ الَّتِي عِنْدَنَا: أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِلَالًا، فَأَذَّنَ، وَأَقَامَ، وَإِنَّمَا فِيهَا، فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا، فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ،\n\n٤٦٧٦ - وَإِنَّمَا يَدُلُّ هَذَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالِاجْتِمَاعِ، لِيُصَلِّيَ بِهِمْ بَقِيَّةَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَمْ يُؤَثِّرْ ذَلِكَ حِنَئِذٍ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ لِلْعِلَّةِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَنَحْنُ نَحْكِيهَا،\n\n٤٦٧٧ - وَأَمْرُهُ بِلَالًا وَأَمْرُ بِلَالٍ إِيَّاهُمْ قَدْ يَكُونَانِ بِالْإِشَارَةِ، بَعْدَ مَا عَلِمُوا بِالسَّهْوِ، فَلَا يُؤَثِّرَانِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":305},{"text":"٤٦٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ، ٤٦٧٩ - وَلَيْسَ يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ حَدِيثَ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي الْكَلَامِ جُمْلَةً، وَدَلَّ حَدِيثُ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ كَلَامِ الْعَامِدِ، وَالنَّاسِي، لِأَنَّهُ فِي صَلَاةٍ، أَوِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ، وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ أَكْمَلَ الصَّلَاةَ،\n\n٤٦٨٠ - فَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، وَقَالَ: حَدِيثُ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ، وَلَكِنَّهُ مَنْسُوخٌ،\n\n٤٦٨١ - فَقُلْتُ: مَا نَسْخَهُ؟ قَالَ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،\n\n٤٦٨٢ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: وَالنَّاسِخُ، إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْحَدِيثَانِ، الْآخِرُ مِنْهُمَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ⦗٣٠٧⦘،\n\n٤٦٨٣ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَلَسْتَ تَحْفَظُ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ هَذَا أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ مَرَّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ: فَوَجَدْتُهُ يُصَلِّي فِي فِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَأَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ هَاجَرَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا؟ قَالَ: بَلَى،\n\n٤٦٨٤ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَإِذَا كَانَ مَقْدَمُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَكَّةَ قَبْلَ هِجْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ كَانَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ يَرْوِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَتَى جِذْعًا فِي مُؤَخِّرَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ، أَلَيْسَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، لَمْ يُصَلِّ فِي مَسْجِدِهِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ، مِنْ مَكَّةَ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى،\n\n٤٦٨٥ - قُلْتُ: فَحَدِيثُ عِمْرَانَ، يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى أَنَّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ لَيْسَ بِنَاسِخٍ لِحَدِيثِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ \"\n\n٤٦٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا مَا قَالَ: مِنْ ورُودِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ، وَوُجُودِهِ إِيَّاهُ يُصَلِّي فِي فِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَلَعَلَّهُ فِي بَعْضِ طُرُقِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ بَلَغَهُ، وَبَلَغَ خَصْمَهُ، حَيْثُ لَمْ يُنْكِرْهُ، وَكَانُوا يَوْمَئِذٍ أَعْرَفَ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِمَّنْ يَنْصُرُ خَصْمَهُ بَعْدَهُ، وَمَعْنَاهُ مَوْجُودٌ فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ بَعْدَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَمَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ هِجْرَةِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَرُجُوعِهِ مِنْهَا إِلَى مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ هِجْرَتِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَشُهُودِهِ بَدْرًا، فَهُوَ فِي مَغَازِي مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَهِيَ أَصَحُّ الْمَغَازِي، عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَالْحَدِيثِ،\n\n٤٦٨٧ - وَيَشْهَدُ لِقَوْلِهِ هَذَا بِالصِّحَّةِ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: \" بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ، وَنَحْنُ ثَمَانُونَ رَجُلًا، فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهَا: فَجَاءَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، فَبَادَرَ، فَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا \" ⦗٣٠٨⦘\n\n٤٦٨٨ - وَلَا أَعْلَمُ خِلَافًا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي فِي شُهُودِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، بَدْرًا،\n\n٤٦٨٩ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ كَانَ بَعْدَهُ،\n\n٤٦٩٠ - وَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجِذْعِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَلَعَلَّهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ: دُخُولُهُ فِي الْحُجْرَةِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ: دُخُولُهُ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، أَحْفَظُ مِنْ عِمْرَانَ،\n\n٤٦٩١ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ أَتَى جِذْعًا فِي قِبْلَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ»،\n\n٤٦٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ،\n\n٤٦٩٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ\n\n٤٦٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا: وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: «صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ» قَالَ: فَلَا أَدْرِي مَا صُحْبَةُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ\n\n٤٦٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّمَا صَحِبَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ،\n\n٤٦٩٦ - وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: صَحِبْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، أَوْ أَرْبَعًا\n\n٤٦٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي أَحَادِيثَ ثَابِتَةٍ، قَوْلَهُ: صَلَّى بِنَا، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: صَلَّى لَنَا.\n\n٤٦٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أُصَلِّيَ، مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ\nقَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ خَيْبَرَ بَعْدَمَا افْتَتَحُوهَا»","vol":"3","page":306},{"text":"٤٧٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ:  «صَحِبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ»،\n\n٤٧٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ قَيْسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَزَادَ قَالَ: «لَمْ أَكُنْ فِي سِنِّي أَحْرَصَ عَلَى أَنْ أَحْفَظَ الْحَدِيثَ مِنِّي فِيهِنَّ»\n\n٤٧٠٢ - قَالَ: وَأَمَّا عِمْرَانُ بِنُ الْحُصَيْنِ فَقَدْ قَالَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ أَرْكَانِ الْحَدِيثِ: كَانَ إِسْلَامُ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ، وَقَدْ حَضَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٤٧٠٣ - وَقَوْلُ الْخِرْبَاقِ قَالَ: وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُدَيْجٍ قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِشَهْرَيْنِ، وَقَدْ حَضَرَ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣١٠⦘\n\n٤٧٠٤ - وَقَوْلُ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشَهْرَيْنِ\n\n٤٧٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ إِسْلَامُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فِي آخِرِ الْأَمْرِ، فَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِإِعَادَةِ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٤٧٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ: فَقَدْ أَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ سِنِينَ، سِوَى مَا أَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ مَقْدِمِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَبْلَ صُحْبَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٤٧٠٧ - فَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ نَاسِخًا لِمَا بَعْدَهُ\n\n٤٧٠٨ - قَالَ: لَا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَوْ كَانَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مُخَالِفًا حَدِيثَ عِمْرَانَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، كَمَا قُلْتَهُ، وَكَانَ عَمْدَ الْكَلَامِ، وَأَنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ فِي صَلَاةٍ كَهُوَ، إِذَا تَكَلَّمْتَ، وَأَنْتَ تَرَى أَنَّكَ قَدْ أَكْمَلْتَ الصَّلَاةَ، أَوْ نَسِيتَ الصَّلَاةَ، كَانَ حَدِيثُ ابنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَنْسُوخًا، وَكَانَ الْكَلَامُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ مُبَاحًا، وَلَكِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِنَاسِخٍ، وَلَا مَنْسُوخٍ، وَوَجْهُهُ مَا ذَكَرْتُ،\n\n٤٧٠٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قِيلَ لَهُ: أَفَذُو الْيَدَيْنِ الَّذِي رَوَيْتُمْ عَنْهُ الْمَقْتُولُ بِبَدْرٍ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا عِمْرَانُ يُسَمِّيهِ، الْخِرْبَاقُ، وَيَقُولُ: قَصِيرُ الْيَدَيْنِ، أَوْ مَدِيدُ الْيَدَيْنِ، وَالْمَقْتُولُ بِبَدْرٍ: ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ كِلَاهُمَا ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، كَانَ اسْمًا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ وَافَقَ اسْمًا كَمَا تَتَّفِقُ الْأَسْمَاءُ\n\n٤٧١٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ هُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدٍ عَمْرُو بْنُ نَضْلَةَ، حَلِيفٌ لِبَنِي زُهْرَةَ، مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ اسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ⦗٣١١⦘،\n\n٤٧١١ - هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَسَائِرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي\n\n٤٧١٢ - قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ: لَا عَقِبَ لَهُ،\n\n٤٧١٣ - وَأَمَّا ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ فَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، يَقُولُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، وَشُعَيْثُ بْنُ مَطِيرٍ، يَرْوِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ،\n\n٤٧١٤ - وَوَهِمَ مَنْ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ، فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ هَذَا: ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ الْمَقْتُولِ بِبَدْرٍ،\n\n٤٧١٥ - وَاعْتَلَّ هَذَا السَّائِلُ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِمَا فِي حَدِيثِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ وَكَلَامِ مَنْ سَأَلَ عَنْهُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٤٧١٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: أَنَّهُمْ أَوْمَئُوا، وَأَمَّا ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، فَإِنَّمَا تَكَلَّمَ عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ قَصُرَتُ،\n\n٤٧١٧ - ثُمَّ قَدْ أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ هَذَا بِمَا فِيهِ كِفَايَةٌ","vol":"3","page":309},{"text":"٤٧١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «حَالِي إِمَامًا يُقَارِبُهُ حَالُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» قَالَ: فَأَيْنَ افْتِرَاقُ حَالِكُمَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَالْإِمَامَةِ؟\n\n٤٧١٩ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ، كَانَ يُنَزِّلُ فَرَائِضَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ، فَرْضَا بَعْدَ فَرْضٍ، فَيُفْرَضُ عَلَيْهِ، مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرَضَهُ، وَيُخَفِّفُ عَنْهُ بَعْضَ مَا فَرَضَهُ؟»\n\n٤٧٢٠ - قَالَ: أَجَلْ، قُلْتُ: «وَلَا نَشُكُّ نَحْنُ، وَلَا أَنْتَ، وَلَا مُسْلِمٌ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمْ يَنْصَرِفْ، إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَرَى، أَنْ قَدْ أَكْمَلَ الصَّلَاةَ» قَالَ: أَجَلْ،\n\n٤٧٢١ - قُلْتُ: «وَلَمَّا فَعَلَ لَمْ يَدْرِ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ، أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ بِحَادِثٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ، أَمْ نَسِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بَيِّنًا فِي مَسْأَلَتِهِ؟» قَالَ: أَجَلْ، قُلْتُ: «وَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، إِذْ سَأَلَ غَيْرَهُ» قَالَ: أَجَلْ ⦗٣١٢⦘،\n\n٤٧٢٢ - قُلْتُ: \" وَلَمَّا سَأَلَ غَيْرَهُ، احْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَأَلَ مَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ كَلَامَهُ، فَيَكُونُ مِثْلَهُ، وَاحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَأَلَ مَنْ سَمِعَ كَلَامَهُ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَسْمَعِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ، كَانَ فِي مَعْنَى ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، مِنْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُسْتَدَلَّ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِقَوْلٍ: «وَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، أَمْ نَسِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ»، فَأَجَابَهُ، وَمَعْنَاهُ مَعْنَى ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، مَعَ أَنَّ الْفَرْضَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَوَابُهُ؟ \"\n\n٤٧٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، لَمَّا أَخْبَرُوهُ، فَقَبِلَ قَوْلَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ، وَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمُوا، حَتَّى بَنَوْا عَلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا قَبَضَ اللَّهُ ﵎ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ تَنَاهَتْ فَرَائِضُهُ، فَلَا يُزَادُ فِيهَا، وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا» قَالَ: نَعَمْ،\n\n٤٧٢٤ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: «هَذَا فَرْقٌ بَيْنَنَا، وَبَيْنَهُ»، فَقَالَ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ: فَرْقٌ بَيِّنٌ لَا يَرُدَّهُ عَالِمٌ لِبَيَانِهِ، وَوُضُوحِهِ، فَعَارَضَهُ هَذَا السَّائِلُ، فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيِّ، فَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كَلَامِ الْجَاهِلِ، فَإِنَّهُ تَكَلَّمَ، وَهُوَ جَاهِلٌ بِأَنَّ الْكَلَامَ غَيْرُ مُحَرَّمٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَمْ يَحْكِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ بِإِعَادَةٍ، فَهُوَ فِي هَذَا مِثْلُ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، أَوْ أَكْثَرُ، لِأَنَّهُ تَكَلَّمَ عَامِدًا لِلْكَلَامِ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ حَكَى أَنَّهُ تَكَلَّمَ، وَهُوَ جَاهِلٌ أَنَّ الْكَلَامَ لَا يَكُونُ مُحَرَّمًا فِي الصَّلَاةِ.\n\n٤٧٢٥ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: «إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ لَا يَصْلُحُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِ بَنِي آدَمَ»، فَهُوَ مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ غَيْرُ مُخَالِفٍ حَدِيثَ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ\n\n٤٧٢٦ - قَالَ: «وَوَجْهُهُ مَا ذَكَرْتُ يَعْنِي مِنْ وُرُودِهِمَا فِي كَلَامِ الْعَمْدِ مَعَ الْعِلْمِ، وَحَدِيثِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ فِي كَلَامِ السَّهْوِ»","vol":"3","page":311},{"text":"٤٧٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُعَلَّى: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، دَعَاهُ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، فَلَمَّا قَضَى أَتَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنِي إِذْ دَعَوْتُكَ؟» قَالَ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي، فَقَالَ: \" أَلَمْ يَقُلِ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ، وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ﴾ [الأنفال: ٢٤]\n⦗٣١٣⦘ \"، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُعَلَّى الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَلَا أُعَلِّمُكَ أَعْظَمَ سُورَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ» قَالَ: فَكَأَنَّهُ نَسِيَهَا، أَوْ نَسِيَ، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الَّذِي قُلْتَ لِي؟ قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، هِيَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي، وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ الَّذِي أُوتِيتُهُ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ\n\n٤٧٢٨ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا فِي حَدِيثِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ،\n\n٤٧٢٩ - وَفِيهِ تَأْكِيدُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي فَرْضِ جَوَابِهِ، إِذْ سَأَلَهُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ،\n\n٤٧٣٠ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حِكَايَتِهِ مَذْهَبَ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ فِي الْكَلَامِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ مِنْ صَلَاحِ الصَّلَاةِ، مَا رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"3","page":312},{"text":"٤٧٣١ - وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ، صَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى الْحَجَرِ يَسْتَلِمُهُ، فَسَبَّحَ الْقَوْمُ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ: «مَا شَأْنُكُمْ؟»، ثُمَّ صَلَّى أُخْرَى، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ قَالَ: فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا أَمَاطَ عَنْ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ» ⦗٣١٤⦘،\n\n٤٧٣٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عِسْلٌ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ فِيهِ: فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ: «مَا أَتْمَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ؟» فَقُلْنَا بِرُءُوسِنَا: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَيْ لَا، فَرَجَعَ، فَصَلَّى الرَّكْعَةَ الْبَاقِيَةَ.\n\n٤٧٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، صَلَّى مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَسَلَّمَ، وَتَكَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى مَا بَقِيَ، وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وَقَالَ: «هَكَذَا فَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ»","vol":"3","page":313},{"text":"٤٧٣٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ مُحْتَجٌّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى ح\n\n٤٧٣٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الشِّيرَازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ: «كَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ يُكَلِّمُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ مَنْ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ، فَنَزَلَتْ» وَفِي حَدِيثِ الرُّوذَبَارِيِّ: \" كَانَ أَحَدُنَا يُكَلِّمُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى، وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]، فَأُمِرْنَا بِالسُّكُوتِ، وَنُهِينَا عَنِ الْكَلَامِ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ⦗٣١٥⦘،\n\n٤٧٣٦ - وَهَذَا مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ فِي أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِهِ كَلَامٌ نُهِيَ عَنْهُ، وَهُوَ كَلَامُ الْعَمْدِ الَّذِي يُمْكِنُ الِامْتِنَاعُ مِنْهُ، وَالِاحْتِرَازُ عَنْهُ.\n\n٤٧٣٧ - وَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ تَحْرِيمَ الْكَلَامِ، كَانَ بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ، وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ، مِنْ مُتَقَدِّمِي الصَّحَابَةِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ: قُلْتُ لِزَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ: كَمْ غَزَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: «تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ غَزْوَةً» قُلْتُ: كَمْ غَزَوْتَ أَنْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: «سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ غَزْوَةً»، قُلْتُ: مَا أَوَّلُ غَزْوَةٍ غَزَاهَا؟ قَالَ: «ذُو الْعُشَيْرَةِ»،\n\n٤٧٣٨ - وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَحْرِيمُ الْكَلَامِ ثَابِتًا قَبْلَهُ،\n\n٤٧٣٩ - وَقَوْلُهُ: كَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ يُكَلِّمُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، إِخْبَارٌ عَنْ أَمَرٍ قَدْ مَضَى،\n\n٤٧٤٠ - وَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَصْلُ قَوْلُهُ: «كَانَ أَحَدُنَا»، فَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَحْرِيمُهُ ثَابِتًا قَبْلَهُ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ تَأْكِيدًا لِلتَّحْرِيمِ الَّذِي سَبَقَ، وَمَا فِي الْقُنُوتِ مِنَ الْمَعَانِي سِوَى السُّكُوتِ، فَعَلِمَ بِهِ زَيْدٌ، وَفَهِمَهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، فَأَخْبَرَ بِهِ،\n\n٤٧٤١ - كَمَا ثَبَتَ تَحْرِيمُهُ، قَبْلَ رُجُوعِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْهُ، حَتَّى رَجَعَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٤٧٤٢ - وَكَانَ بَعْضُ الْأَحْكَامِ، يَثْبُتُ بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ تَنْزِلُ الْآيَةُ عَلَى وَفْقِ قَوْلِهِ: تَأْكِيدًا لَهُ كَمَا كَانَ فَرَضُ الْوُضُوءِ لِلصَّلَاةِ ثَابِتًا، زَمَانًا مِنْ دَهْرِهِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ، تَأْكِيدًا لَهُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":314},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-227>سُجُودُ الشُّكْرِ</span>\n٤٧٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: سُجُودُ الشُّكْرِ حَسَنٌ، قَدْ فَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":316},{"text":"٤٧٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبِسْطَامِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ أَبِي السَّفَرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ يُوسُفَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي بَعْثِهِ عَلِيًّا، وَإِقْفَالِهِ خَالِدًا، ثُمَّ فِي إِسْلَامِ هَمْدَانَ قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁، إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِسْلَامِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكِتَابَ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ، فَقَالَ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَى هَمْدَانَ السَّلَامُ عَلَى هَمْدَانَ» ⦗٣١٧⦘،\n\n٤٧٤٥ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، قَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ صَدْرَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَمْ يَسُقْهُ بِتَمَامِهِ، وَسُجُودُ الشُّكْرِ فِي تَمَامِ الْحَدِيثِ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرَطِهِ.\n\n٤٧٤٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، سُجُودَهُ حِينَ سَمِعَ الْبُشْرَى، بِتَوْبَةِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي زَمَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٤٧٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا سُجُودَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لِلشُّكْرِ حِينَ سَأَلَ رَبَّهُ لِأُمَّتِهِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ\n\n٤٧٤٨ - وَسُجُودِهِ حِينَ بَشَرَهُ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇، أَنَّ مَنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، سَلَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ","vol":"3","page":316},{"text":"٤٧٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَكَّارُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ⦗٣١٨⦘، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ إِذَا أَتَاهُ أَمْرٌ يَسُرُّهُ، خَرَّ سَاجِدًا شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ\n\n٤٧٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، رَأَى نُغَاشِيًّا، فَسَجَدَ شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ،\n\n٤٧٥١ - وَسَجَدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حِينَ بَلَغَهُ فَتْحُ الْيَمَامَةِ شُكْرًا","vol":"3","page":317},{"text":"٤٧٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَابِرٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى نُغَاشِيَّا، فَسَجَدَ، فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ قَالَ: «أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ»،\n\n٤٧٥٣ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ يُؤَكِّدُهُ","vol":"3","page":318},{"text":"٤٧٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ ⦗٣١٩⦘: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدَ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «أَبْصَرَ رَجُلًا بِهِ زَمَانَةٌ، فَسَجَدَ»\n\n٤٧٥٥ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَأَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَتَاهُ فَتْحٌ، فَسَجَدَ،\n\n٤٧٥٦ - وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ أَتَاهُ فَتْحٌ، أَوْ أَبْصَرَ رَجُلًا بِهِ زَمَانَةٌ، فَسَجَدَ\n\n٤٧٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ قَالَ فِيهِ: إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ الصِّدِّيقَ ﵁، لَمَّا أَتَاهُ فَتْحُ الْيَمَامَةِ، خَرَّ سَاجِدًا","vol":"3","page":318},{"text":"٤٧٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، «لَمَّا أُتِيَ بِالْمُخْدَجِ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا»\n\n٤٧٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ، لِسُجُودِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَسُجُودِ الشُّكْرِ، لِأَنَّهُمَا مَعًا تَكْبِيرَا افْتِتَاحٍ، وَلَا يَسْجُدُ، إِلَّا طَاهِرًا","vol":"3","page":319},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-228>بَابُ أَقَلِّ مَا يُجْزِئُ مِنْ عَمِلِ الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":320},{"text":"٤٧٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَاجِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ح\n\n٤٧٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَدَخَلَ رَجُلٌ، فَصَلَّى، ثُمَّ جَاءَ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «ارْجِعْ فَصَلِّ، فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ»، فَرَجَعَ الرَّجُلُ، فَصَلَّى كَمَا كَانَ صَلَّى، ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «ارْجِعْ فَصَلِّ، فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ»، حَتَّى فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ، مَا أُحْسِنُ غَيْرَ هَذَا عَلِّمْنِي قَالَ: «إِذَا قُمْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَكَبِّرْ، ثُمَّ اقْرَأْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، ثُمَّ ارْكَعْ، حَتَّى ⦗٣٢١⦘ تَطْمَئِنَّ رَاكِعًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ، حَتَّى تَعْتَدِلَ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ، حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ اجْلِسْ، حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ جَالِسًا، ثُمَّ افْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ كُلِّهَا»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى،\n\n٤٧٦٢ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"3","page":320},{"text":"٤٧٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: «ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ، حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ، حَتَّى تَسْتَوِي قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ افْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ كُلِّهَا» ⦗٣٢٢⦘، وَزَادَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ: «إِذَا قُمْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَأَسْبَغِ الْوُضُوءَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ فَكَبِّرْ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مِرْسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":321},{"text":"٤٧٦٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَلَى مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى عَنْ يَحْيَى، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: «فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ هَذَا، فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُكَ، وَمَا انْتَقَصْتَ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْئًا، فَإِنَّمَا انْتَقَصْتَهُ مِنْ صَلَاتِكَ»، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «إِذَا قُمْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَأَسْبَغِ الْوُضُوءَ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":322},{"text":"٤٧٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «إِذَا قَامَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ لْيُكَبِّرْ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ قَرَأَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَلْيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ، وَلْيُكَبِّرْ، ثُمَّ لْيَرْكَعْ، حَتَّى يَطْمَئِنَّ رَاكِعًا، ثُمَّ لْيَقُمْ، حَتَّى يَطْمَئِنَّ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدْ، حَتَّى يَطْمَئِنَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ لْيَرْفَعْ رَأْسَهُ، وَلْيَجْلِسْ حَتَّى يَطْمَئِنَّ جَالِسًا، فَمَا نَقَصَ مِنْ هَذَا، فَإِنَّمَا يُنْقِصُ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ» ⦗٣٢٣⦘\n\n٤٧٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَمْ يُقِمْ إِسْنَادَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَالصَّوَابُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ\n\n٤٧٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، بِمَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ","vol":"3","page":322},{"text":"٤٧٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادٍ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يُصَلِّي فِي الْمَسْجِدِ قَرِيبًا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَعِدْ صَلَاتَكَ، فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ»، فَعَادَ، فَصَلَّى كَنَحْوِ مَا صَلَّى، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَعِدْ صَلَاتَكَ، فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ»، فَقَالَ عَلِّمْنِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ أُصَلِّي ⦗٣٢٤⦘ قَالَ: «إِذَا تَوَجَّهْتَ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ، فَكَبِّرْ، ثُمَّ اقْرَأْ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ، فَإِذَا رَكَعْتَ، فَاجْعَلْ رَاحَتَيْكَ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْكَ، وَمَكِّنْ رُكُوعَكَ، وَامْدُدْ ظَهْرَكَ، فَإِذَا رَفَعْتَ قَائِمًا، فَأَقِمْ صُلْبَكَ، وَارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ، حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ الْعِظَامُ إِلَى مَفَاصِلِهَا، فَإِذَا سَجَدْتَ، فَمَكِّنِ السُّجُودَ، فَإِذَا رَفَعْتَ رَأْسَكَ، فَاجْلِسْ عَلَى فَخِذِكَ الْيُسْرَى، ثُمَّ اصْنَعْ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ، وَسَجْدَةٍ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ»\n\n٤٧٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: لَمْ يُقِمْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِسْنَادَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَيْضًا، فَإِنَّ ابْنَ عَجْلَانَ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ\n\n٤٧٧٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَدَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ،\n\n٤٧٧١ - وَقَدْ كَتَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْأَلْثَغِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٤٧٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، هَذَا عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْأَلْثَغِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ\n\n٤٧٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَأَكَّدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رِوَايَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ بِهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ الْمَوْصُولَةِ،\n\n٤٧٧٤ - وَهَؤُلَاءِ الرُّوَاةُ يَزِيدُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي حَدِيثِ رِفَاعَةَ، وَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ أَصَحُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٣٢٥⦘.\n\n٤٧٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ يَدُلَّانِ عَلَى فَرْضِ أَمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَلَا دَلَالَةَ فِيهِمَا، وَلَا فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، عَلَى فَرْضِ غَيْرِهِمَا مَعَهَا","vol":"3","page":323},{"text":"٤٧٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ قِرَاءَةٌ، فَمَا أَسْمَعَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَسْمَعْنَاكُمْ، وَمَا أَخْفَى مِنَّا، أَخْفَيْنَاهُ مِنْكُمْ، مَنْ قَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْكِتَابِ، فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ، وَمَنْ زَادَ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى.\n\n٤٧٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، الْجُلُوسَ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ، إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ الْجُلُوسَ بَيْنَ السُّجُودِ، فَأَوْجَبْنَا التَّشَهُّدَ، وَالصَّلَاةَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَلَى مَنْ أَحْسَنَهُ، بِغَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ\n\n٤٧٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ التَّسْلِيمُ، أَوْجَبْنَاهُ بِغَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ ⦗٣٢٦⦘،\n\n٤٧٧٩ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي لَا يُحْسِنُ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ رِفَاعَةَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى وجُوبِ الذِّكْرِ","vol":"3","page":325},{"text":"٤٧٨٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ آخُذَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَعَلِّمْنِي مَا يُجْزِينِي قَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا لِلَّهِ، فَمَا لِي قَالَ: \" قُلِ: اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَعَافِنِي، وَاهْدِنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي \"، فَعَقَدَهُنَّ الرَّجُلُ فِي يَدِهِ عَشْرًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَمَّا هَذَا، فَقَدْ مَلَأَ يَدَهُ خَيْرًا»،\n\n٤٧٨١ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ السَّكْسَكِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى: أَنَّ رَجُلًا، أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي لَا أَحْسَنُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَهَلْ شَيْءٌ يُجْزِئُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ؟ فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"3","page":326},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-229>نِسْيَانُ الْقِرَاءَةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":327},{"text":"٤٧٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ الْمَغْرِبَ، فَلَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ، قِيلَ لَهُ: مَا قَرَأْتَ قَالَ: «كَيْفَ كَانَ الرُّكُوعُ، وَالسُّجُودُ؟»، قَالُوا: حَسَنًا قَالَ: «فَلَا بَأْسَ»\n\n٤٧٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِهِ وَمَالِكٍ: وَقَدْ رَوَيْتُمْ هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ وَصَلَاتِهِ بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ، فَكَيْفَ خَالَفْتُمُوهُ، يُرِيدُ أَصْحَابَ مَالِكٍ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ، إِنَّمَا ذَهَبْتُمْ إِلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا بِقِرَاءَةٍ»، فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَذْهَبُوا فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ، فَإِذَا جَاءَ شَيْءٌ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمْ تَدَعُوهُ لِشَيْءٍ خَالَفَهُ غَيْرُهُ، كَمَا قُلْتُمْ هَاهُنَا، وَذَكَرَ كَلَامًا آخَرَ،\n\n٤٧٨٤ - وَكَانَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، يُقَلِّدُ عُمَرَ ﵁ فِي هَذَا، وَيَقُولُ: الْقِرَاءَةُ تَسْقُطُ عَمَّنْ نَسِيَ ⦗٣٢٨⦘،\n\n٤٧٨٥ - فَقِيلَ لَهُ: رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ أَعَادَ الصَّلَاةَ\n\n٤٧٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رُوِّيتُهُ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، مُرْسَلًا\n\n٤٧٨٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَعِنْدَ آلِ عُمَرَ، لَا يُنْكِرْهُ أَحَدٌ،\n\n٤٧٨٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ","vol":"3","page":327},{"text":"٤٧٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ، فَلَمْ يُقَرَأْ، فَقَالَ: «كَيْفَ كَانَ الرُّكُوعُ وَالسُّجُودُ؟»، قَالُوا: حَسَنًا قَالَ: «فَلَا بَأْسَ»\n\n٤٧٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَيْضًا مُرْسَلٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"3","page":328},{"text":"٤٧٩١ - وَقَدْ رَوَى يُونُسُ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ وَهُوَ الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنْ زِيَادٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ: «صَلَّى عُمَرُ، فَلَمْ يَقْرَأْ، فَأَعَادَ»،\n\n٤٧٩٢ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ مَوْصُولَةٌ","vol":"3","page":328},{"text":"٤٧٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ تَمَّامٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، «صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ، وَلَمْ يَقْرَأْ، فَأَعَادَ»،\n\n٤٧٩٤ - وَهِيَ مُوَافَقَةٌ لِلسُّنَّةِ فِي وجُوبِ الْقِرَاءَةِ، وَلِلْقِيَاسِ فِي أَنَّ الْأَرْكَانَ لَا تَسْقُطُ بِالنِّسْيَانِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":328},{"text":"٤٧٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْحُبَابِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ⦗٣٢٩⦘: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: إِنِّي صَلَّيْتُ، وَلَمْ أَقْرَأْ؟ قَالَ: «أَتْمَمْتَ الرُّكُوعَ، وَالسُّجُودَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ؟ قَالَ: «تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُكَ»\n\n٤٧٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ لَا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا يَزْعُمُونَ، أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةُ الصَّلَاةِ.\n\n٤٧٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n٤٧٩٨ - وَالْحَارِثُ الْأَعْوَرُ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ","vol":"3","page":328},{"text":"٤٧٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ مِينَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «الْقِرَاءَةُ سَنَةٌ»\n\n٤٨٠٠ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ قِرَاءَةَ الْقُرْآنِ عَلَى الْحُرُوفِ، الَّتِي أُثْبِتَتْ فِي الْمُصْحَفِ، الَّذِي هُوَ إِمَامٌ سَنَةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ، لَا يَجُوزُ مُخَالَفَتُهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُهَا سَائِغًا فِي اللُّغَةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":329},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-230>بَابُ طُولِ الْقِرَاءَةِ، وَقَصْرِهَا</span>","vol":"3","page":330},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-231>صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ</span>","vol":"3","page":330},{"text":"٤٨٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ⦗٣٣١⦘، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ سَرِيعٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، \" يَقْرَأُ فِي الصُّبْحِ: وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا عَسْعَسَ \"\n\n٤٨٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي قَرَأَ فِي الصُّبْحِ: إِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَتْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ","vol":"3","page":330},{"text":"٤٨٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، \" يَقْرَأُ فِي الصُّبْحِ: وَالنَّخْلَ بَاسِقَاتٍ \" قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي بِـ: ق رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعَمِّهِ قُطْبَةَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":331},{"text":"٤٨٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ الْعَابِدِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ السَّائِبِ قَالَ: «صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، الصُّبْحَ بِمَكَّةَ، فَاسْتَفْتَحَ سُورَةَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ ذِكْرُ مُوسَى، وَهَارُونَ، أَوْ ذِكْرُ عِيسَى، أَخَذْتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَعْلَةٌ، فَحَذَفَ، فَرَكَعَ» ⦗٣٣٢⦘ قَالَ: وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ السَّائِبِ حَاضِرٌ ذَلِكَ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَزَادَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، مَعَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَصَاحِبُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ\n\n٤٨٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ هَذَا اخْتِلَافًا، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ صَلَّى الصَّلَوَاتِ عُمْرَهُ، فَيَحْفَظُ الرَّجُلُ قِرَاءَتَهُ يَوْمًا، وَالرَّجُلَ قِرَاءَتَهُ يَوْمًا غَيْرُهُ","vol":"3","page":331},{"text":"٤٨٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، «صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ، فَقَرَأَ فِيهَا سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ كِلْتَاهُمَا»","vol":"3","page":332},{"text":"٤٨٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ الصُّبْحَ، فَقَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: قَرُبَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ، فَقَالَ: «لَوْ طَلَعَتْ، لَمْ تَجِدْنَا غَافِلِينَ»","vol":"3","page":332},{"text":"٤٨٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، يَقُولُ ⦗٣٣٣⦘: \" صَلَّيْنَا وَرَاءَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ الصُّبْحَ، فَقَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ يُوسُفَ وَسُورَةِ الْحَجِّ، فَقَرَأَ قِرَاءَةً بَطِيئَةً، فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ إِذًا يَقُومُ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ قَالَ: «أَجَلٌ»\n\n٤٨٠٩ - كَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، وَوَكِيعٌ، وَحَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ أَبِيهِ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ الصَّوَابُ","vol":"3","page":332},{"text":"٤٨١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَرَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ الْفُرَافِصَةَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ الْحَنَفِيَّ، قَالَ: «مَا أَخَذْتُ سُورَةَ يُوسُفَ، إِلَّا مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، إِيَّاهَا فِي الصُّبْحِ، مِنْ كَثْرَةِ مَا كَانَ يُرَدِّدُهَا»","vol":"3","page":333},{"text":"٤٨١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ «كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الصُّبْحِ فِي السَّفَرِ بِالْعَشْرِ الْأُوَلِ، مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ، بِسُورَةٍ»","vol":"3","page":333},{"text":"٤٨١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عِرَاكَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: \" قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ، وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ يَؤُمُّ النَّاسَ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقْرَأُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى بِسُورَةِ ⦗٣٣٤⦘ مَرْيَمَ، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ: وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ، وَكَانَ عِنْدَنَا رَجُلٌ لَهُ مِكْيَالَانِ، يَأْخُذُ بِأَحَدِهِمَا، وَيُعْطِي بِالْآخَرِ، فَقُلْتُ: وَيْلٌ لِفُلَانٍ \"","vol":"3","page":333},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-232>الظُّهْر</span>\n٤٨١٣ - ُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَالْقِرَاءَةُ فِي الصُّبْحِ بِطِوَالِ الْمُفَصَّلِ، وَفِي الظُّهْرِ بِنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٤٨١٤ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَيَقْرَأُ فِي الظُّهْرِ شَبِيهًا بِقَرَاءَتِهِ فِي الصُّبْحِ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «مَنْ فَاتَهُ حِزْبُهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَلْيُصَلِّهِ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَيَكُونُ خَلَفًا مِنْ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ»","vol":"3","page":334},{"text":"٤٨١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «مَنْ فَاتَهُ حِزْبُهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَقَرَأَ بِهِ حِينَ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، فَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَفُتْهُ، أَوْ كَأَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَهُ»،\n\n٤٨١٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"3","page":334},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-233>الْعَصْرُ، وَالْعِشَاءُ</span>","vol":"3","page":335},{"text":"٤٨١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَيَقْرَأُ فِيهَا يَعْنِي فِي الْعَصْرِ، بِـ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ، وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى، وَمَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا فِي الطُّولِ، وَيُخْفِي الْقِرَاءَةَ فِيهَا، وَهَكَذَا يَقْرَأُ فِي الْعِشَاءِ، وَيَجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِيهَا»","vol":"3","page":335},{"text":"٤٨١٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ مُعَاذًا أَمَّ قَوْمَهُ فِي الْعَتَمَةِ، فَافْتَتَحَ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ، فَتَنَحَّى رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ، فَصَلَّى، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِمُعَاذٍ: «أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ، أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ، اقْرَأْ بِسُورَةِ كَذَا وَسُورَةِ كَذَا»","vol":"3","page":335},{"text":"٤٨١٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَهُ وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «اقْرَأْ بِـ سَبَّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى، وَالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ، وَنَحْوِهَا»\n\n٤٨٢٠ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَمْرٍو، فَقَالَ: نَحْوَ هَذَا، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرٍو، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"3","page":335},{"text":"٤٨٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعَتَمَةَ، فَقَرَأَ، فِيهَا بِـ التِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ»","vol":"3","page":336},{"text":"٤٨٢٢ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَدِيُّ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ: «أَنَّهُ صَلَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعِشَاءَ، فَقَرَأَ فِيهَا بِـ وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَمِسْعَرٍ عَنْ عَدِيٍّ","vol":"3","page":336},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-234>الْمَغْرِبُ</span>","vol":"3","page":336},{"text":"٤٨٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَيَقْرَأُ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ، مَعَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ بِالضُّحَى، وَأَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ، وَأَشْبَاهِهِمَا، وَلَسْنَا نُضَيِّقُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ»","vol":"3","page":336},{"text":"٤٨٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنَابِحِيّ ⦗٣٣٧⦘: \" أَنَّهُ صَلَّى وَرَاءَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ الْمَغْرِبَ، فَقَرَأَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ وَسُورَةٍ مِنْ قِصَارِ الْمُفَصَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَمِعَهُ يَقْرَأُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا﴾ [آل عمران: ٨] \" الْآيَةَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ.\n\n٤٨٢٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى\n\n٤٨٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا أَشْبَهَ صَلَاةً بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ فُلَانٍ، لِأَمِيرٍ كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ» قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: «فَصَلَّيْتُ وَرَاءَهُ، فَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ، بِقِصَارِ الْمُفَصَّلِ»","vol":"3","page":336},{"text":"٤٨٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «قَرَأَ بِالطُّورِ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ» ⦗٣٣٨⦘، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":337},{"text":"٤٨٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ أَمِّ الْفَضْلِ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ: أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْهُ يَقْرَأُ: وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا، فَقَالَتْ: «يَا بُنَيَّ لَقَدْ ذَكَّرْتَنِي بِقَرَاءَتِكَ هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ، إِنَّهَا لَآخِرُ مَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقْرَأُ بِهَا فِي الْمَغْرِبِ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":338},{"text":"٤٨٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ ⦗٣٣٩⦘: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ،  «قَرَأَ بِالطُّورِ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ»","vol":"3","page":338},{"text":"٤٨٣٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَقْرَأُ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ بِالْمُرْسَلَاتِ»، أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ الْحَدِيثَ الثَّانِي مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ.\n\n٤٨٣١ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، \" يَقْرَأُ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ بِالطُّورِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿أَمْ خُلِقُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ الْخَالِقُونَ أَمْ خَلَقُوا السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بَلْ لَا يُوقِنُونَ﴾، كَادَ قَلْبِي أَنْ يَطِيرَ \"،\n\n٤٨٣٢ - وَهَذَا يَرُدُّ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَرَأَ بَعْضَهَا،\n\n٤٨٣٣ - قَوْلُهُ: ﴿إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ لَوَاقِعٌ﴾ [الطور: ٧]","vol":"3","page":339},{"text":"٤٨٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ الضَّبِّيُّ، بِأَصْبَهَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَاضِرُ بْنُ الْمُوَرِّعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَانَ «يَقْرَأُ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ، بِسُورَةِ الْأَعْرَافِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ كِلْتَيْهِمَا» ⦗٣٤٠⦘\n\n٤٨٣٥ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَقَالَ: «فَرَّقَهَا فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ»","vol":"3","page":339},{"text":"٤٨٣٦ - وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَقْرَأُ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ، بِطُولَى الطُّولَيَيْنِ»، فَقُلْتُ لِعُرْوَةَ: مَا طُولَى الطُّولَيَيْنِ؟ قَالَ: الْأَعْرَافُ،\n\n٤٨٣٧ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ: الْأَنْعَامُ، وَالْأَعْرَافُ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"3","page":340},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-235>الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ</span>","vol":"3","page":341},{"text":"٤٨٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ، وَعَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ عَنِ الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ، وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّ أَخَاكَ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ يَحُكُّهُمَا مِنَ الْمُصْحَفِ؟ قَالَ أُبَيٌّ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فَقَالَ: قِيلَ لِي: «قُلْ»، فَقُلْتُ: «فَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"3","page":341},{"text":"٤٨٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ أَوْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ يَحُكُّ الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُصْحَفِ، وَيَقُولُ: «لَا تَخْلِطُوا بِهِ مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ»\n\n٤٨٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَرْوُونَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ بِهِمَا فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، وَهُمَا مَكْتُوبَتَانِ فِي الْمُصْحَفِ الَّذِي جُمِعَ فِي عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ كَانَ عِنْدَ ⦗٣٤٢⦘ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ عِنْدَ حَفْصَةَ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ عُثْمَانُ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسَ، وَهُمَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ»، وَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ بِهِمَا فِي صَلَاتِي\n\n٤٨٤١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ قَالَ: «فَأَمَّنَا بِهِمَا فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ»\n\n٤٨٤٢ - وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أَلَا أُعَلِّمُكَ خَيْرَ سُورَتَيْنِ قُرِئَتَا؟ فَعَلَّمَهُ: قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ، وَقُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِهِمَا صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ لِلنَّاسِ \"\n\n٤٨٤٣ - وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَقَدْ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيَّ آيَاتٌ لَمْ يُرَ مِثْلَهُنَّ»، يَعْنِي الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ","vol":"3","page":341},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-236>الْمُعَاهَدَةُ عَلَى قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ</span>","vol":"3","page":343},{"text":"٤٨٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ صَاحِبُ الْقُرْآنِ، كَمَثَلِ صَاحِبِ الْإِبِلِ الْمُعَلَّقَةِ، إِنْ عَاهَدَ عَلَيْهَا أَمْسَكَهَا، وَإِنْ أَطْلَقَهَا ذَهَبَتْ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":343},{"text":"٤٨٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ حَفْصٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ  «يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ فِي أَقَلِّ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ»\n\n٤٨٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِكَيْ يَكُونَ قِرَاءَتُهُ بِالتَّرْتِيلِ، وَالتَّدَبُّرِ كَمَا نُدِبَ إِلَيْهِ\n\n٤٨٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: وَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اقْرَأْهُ فِي سَبْعٍ، وَلَا تَزِدْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ»","vol":"3","page":344},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-237>بَابُ الصَّلَاةِ بِالنَّجَاسَةِ، وَمَوْضِعِ الصَّلَاةِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ وَغَيْرِهِ، إِمَامَةُ الْجُنُبِ</span>","vol":"3","page":345},{"text":"٤٨٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ⦗٣٤٦⦘: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «كَبَّرَ فِي صَلَاةٍ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، ثُمَّ أَشَارَ إِلَى النَّاسِ، أَنِ امْكُثُوا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ وَعَلَى جِلْدِهِ أَثَرُ الْمَاءِ»\n\n٤٨٤٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، مَوْلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٤٨٥٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، أَوْ رَوَاهُ أَنَا أَشُكُّ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ","vol":"3","page":345},{"text":"٤٨٥١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَنَّاطُ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي مَذْعُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، جَاءَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا كَبَّرَ انْصَرَفَ، وَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِمْ، أَيْ كَمَا أَنْتُمْ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ، وَرَأْسُهُ يَقْطُرُ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «إِنِّي كُنْتُ جُنُبًا، فَنَسِيتُ أَنْ أَغْتَسِلَ»\n\n٤٨٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ ⦗٣٤٧⦘،\n\n٤٨٥٣ - يَعْنِي مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، وَقَبْلَهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٤٨٥٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ وَقَالَ: «إِنِّي كُنْتُ جُنُبًا فَنَسِيتُ»،\n\n٤٨٥٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ، وَهِشَامٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٤٨٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَارِثِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مُسْنِدًا وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ،\n\n٤٨٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادٍ الْأَعْلَمِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ","vol":"3","page":346},{"text":"٤٨٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ زِيَادٍ الْأَعْلَمِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَبَّرَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، ثُمَّ أَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ، فَاغْتَسَلَ، يَعْنِي ثُمَّ جَاءَ وَرَأْسُهُ يَقْطُرُ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ»،\n\n٤٨٥٩ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"3","page":347},{"text":"٤٨٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الشَّرِيدُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَتْبَعَنِي إِلَى الْجُرْفِ، فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ، فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ قُعُودٌ، وَالرَّبِيعُ يَجْرِي بَيْنَنَا، إِذْ نَظَرَ إِلَى الِاحْتِلَامِ فِي ثَوْبِهِ، فَقَالَ ⦗٣٤٨⦘: «لَا أَبًا لَكَ، لَقَدْ فُرِطَ عَلَيْنَا مُذْ وُلِّينَا أَمْرَ النَّاسِ» فَاغْتَسَلَ، فَصَلَّى أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: «وَلَمْ أُعِدْ وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْنِي بِالْإِعَادَةِ»","vol":"3","page":347},{"text":"٤٨٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ الْأَزْرَقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنِ الشَّرِيدِ الثَّقَفِيِّ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، «صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ، وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، فَأَعَادَ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُمْ أَنْ يُعِيدُوا»","vol":"3","page":348},{"text":"٤٨٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُصْطَلِقِ: أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ، «صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ، وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، فَأَعَادَ وَلَمْ يُعِيدُوا»","vol":"3","page":348},{"text":"٤٨٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَتَمَّ مِنْهُ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنُ أَبِي ضِرَارٍ، وَقَالَ: «ثُمَّ أَعَادَ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُمْ أَنْ يُعِيدُوا»","vol":"3","page":348},{"text":"٤٨٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٣٤٩⦘: أَنَّهُ صَلَّى بِهِمُ الْعَصْرَ، ثُمَّ سَارَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، أَنْ يَسِيرَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ، فَتَوَضَّأَ، وَصَلَّى قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ مَا رَأَيْتُكَ صَلَّيْتَهَا قَطُّ قَالَ: «إِنِّي بَعْدَ أَنْ تَوَضَّأْتُ مَسَسْتُ ذَكَرِي، فَنَسِيتُ أَنْ أَتَوَضَّأَ، فَتَوَضَّأْتُ، وَعُدْتُ لِصَلَاتِي»\n\n٤٨٦٥ - قَالَ سَالِمٌ: وَلَمْ يُعِدْ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْنَا أَنْ نُعِيدَ","vol":"3","page":348},{"text":"٤٨٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ صَلَّى بِهِمْ، وَهُوَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ، فَأَعَادَ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُمْ بِالْإِعَادَةِ»","vol":"3","page":349},{"text":"٤٨٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَيَزِيدَ عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي إِمَامٍ صَلَّى بِغَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ قَالَ: «يُعِيدُ، وَلَا يُعِيدُونَ»","vol":"3","page":349},{"text":"٤٨٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «أَنَّهُ صَلَّى بِالْقَوْمِ، وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، فَأَعَادَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُمْ فَأَعَادُوا»،\n\n٤٨٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَفْصٍ الْأَبَّارُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٥٠⦘.\n\n٤٨٧٠ - قَالَ عَلِيُّ: عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ هُوَ أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ، رَمَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ بِالْكَذِبِ\n\n٤٨٧١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ أَحَدُ مَا أَنْكَرَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَكِيعٌ وَغَيْرُهُ\n\n٤٨٧٢ - وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ يَقُولُ: لَمْ يَرْوِ حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ شَيْئًا قَطُّ\n\n٤٨٧٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي جَابِرٍ الْبَيَاضِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ، وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، فَأَعَادَ، وَأَعَادُوا»\n\n٤٨٧٤ - وَرُوِيَ فِي مُقَابَلَتِهِ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: «صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَيْسَ هُوَ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ، فَتَمَّتْ لِلْقَوْمِ، وَأَعَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ»،\n\n٤٨٧٥ - وَكِلَاهُمَا ضَعِيفٌ. أَبُو جَابِرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ، كَانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ لَا يَرْتَضِيهِ، وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يَرْمِيَهِ بِالْكَذِبِ\n\n٤٨٧٦ - وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ قُوَّةٌ، لِمَنْ يَقُولُ: إِذَا صَلَّى الْإِمَامُ بِغَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ، أَنَّ أَصْحَابَهُ يُعِيدُونَ،\n\n٤٨٧٧ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ أَثْبَتَ أَنْ لَا يُعِيدَ الْقَوْمُ،\n\n٤٨٧٨ - هَذَا لِمَنْ أَرَادَ الْإِنْصَافَ بِالْحَدِيثِ ⦗٣٥١⦘\n\n٤٨٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ بِالْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ الْآثَارَ، الَّتِي تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهَا وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":349},{"text":"٤٨٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ شِفَاهًا، أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْجَصَّاصَ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ:  «الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ حَرَامٌ،\n\n٤٨٨١ - وَمَنْ رَوَى عَنْ أَبِي جَابِرٍ الْبَيَاضِيِّ بَيَّضَ اللَّهُ عَيْنَيْهِ»","vol":"3","page":351},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-238>طَهَارَةُ الثِّيَابِ</span>","vol":"3","page":352},{"text":"٤٨٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" قَالَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ \"\n\n٤٨٨٣ - قِيلَ فِيهَا: صَلِّ فِي ثِيَابٍ طَاهِرَةٍ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَشْبَهُ، لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَمَرَ أَنْ يُغْسَلَ دَمُ الْحَيْضِ مِنَ الثَّوْبِ \"\n\n٤٨٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ مَضَى مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَسَيَرِدُ\n\n٤٨٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَمَنْ صَلَّى وَفِي ثَوْبَهِ نَجَسٌ أَعَادَ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَ عَالِمًا بِمَا فِي ثَوْبِهِ، أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَالِمًا كَهَيْئَتِهِ فِي الْوُضُوءِ\n\n٤٨٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ\n\n٤٨٨٧ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ يَقُولُ: إِنْ صَلَّى، وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ فِيَ ثَوْبَهِ دَمًا أَوْ بَوْلًا، فَصَلَاتُهُ تُجْزِئُهُ، وَيَغْسِلُهُ لِمَا يُسْتَأْنَفُ","vol":"3","page":352},{"text":"٤٨٨٨ - وَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ السَّعْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ ⦗٣٥٣⦘: دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الصَّلَاةَ فِي نَعْلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ خَلَعَهُمَا، فَخَلَعَ النَّاسُ نِعَالَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَا لَكُمْ خَلَعْتُمْ نِعَالَكُمْ؟»، قَالُوا: رَأَيْنَاكَ خَلَعْتَ، فَخَلَعْنَا قَالَ: «إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ أَتَانِي، فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ فِيهِمَا قَذَرًا»","vol":"3","page":352},{"text":"٤٨٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n٤٨٩٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ السَّعْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي بِأَصْحَابِهِ، إِذْ خَلَعَ نَعْلَيْهِ، فَوَضَعَهُمَا عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ الْقَوْمُ أَلْقَوْا نِعَالَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ: «مَا حَمَلَكُمْ عَلَى إِلْقَائِكُمْ نِعَالَكُمْ»، قَالُوا: رَأَيْنَاكَ أَلْقِيتَ نَعْلَيْكَ، فَأَلْقَيْنَا نِعَالَنَا، فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇، أَتَانِي، فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ فِيهِمَا قَذَرًا، أَوْ قَالَ: أَذًى، إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدُكُمُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَلْيَنْظُرْ، فَإِنْ رَأَى فِي نَعْلَيْهِ قَذَرًا، أَوْ أَذًى، فَلْيَمْسَحْهُ، وَلْيُصَلِّ فِيهِمَا \"","vol":"3","page":353},{"text":"٤٨٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِهَذَا: وَقَالَ: «فِيهِمَا خَبَثًا» ⦗٣٥٤⦘،\n\n٤٨٩٢ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَى حَمَّادٍ فِي لَفْظِهِ، فَقِيلَ: «خَبَثًا»، وَقِيلَ: «قَذَرًا»، وَقِيلَ: «أَذًى»،\n\n٤٨٩٣ - وَرُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ، مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ هَذَا أَمْثَلُهَا،\n\n٤٨٩٤ - وَكَأَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى مَا يُسْتَقْذَرُ مِنَ الظَّاهِرَاتِ، أَوْ عَلِمَ اخْتِلَافَ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ فِي بَعْضِ رِجَالِ إِسْنَادِهِ، فَلَمْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ أَيْضًا صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٤٨٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَأَى فِي ثَوْبِهِ دَمًا، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَأَخَذَهُ، فَأَعْطَاهُ نَافِعًا، وَأَعْطَاهُ نَافِعٌ ثَوْبَهُ، فَلَبِسَهُ، ثُمَّ مَضَى فِي صَلَاتِهِ،\n\n٤٨٩٦ - وَحَكَاهُ أَيْضًا عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ","vol":"3","page":353},{"text":"٤٨٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ مُوسَى بْنُ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٌ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جَابِرٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى دَمًا فِي ثَوْبِهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ ثِيَابٌ، فَرَمَى بِالثَّوْبِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الدَّمُ، وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ»","vol":"3","page":354},{"text":"٤٨٩٨ - قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، «أَنَّهُ رَأَى فِي ثَوْبِهِ دَمًا، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَخَلَعَهُ»\n\n٤٨٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: نَصَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ، عَلَى وجُوبِ غَسْلِ الثَّوْبِ، الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ نَجَسٌ، فَاسْتَيْقَنَهُ صَاحِبُهُ أَدْرَكَ طَرْفَهُ، أَوْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ ⦗٣٥٥⦘،\n\n٤٩٠٠ - وَشَرَطَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ، أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْرَ مَا لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ لَوْنٌ مَشْهُورٌ، أَدْرَكَهُ الطَّرْفُ قَالَ: \" وَإِنَّمَا ذَهَبْنَا، فِيمَا أَدْرَكَهُ الطَّرْفُ، إِلَى مَا أُخْبِرْنَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَوِ اتَّخَذْتَ ثَوْبًا لِلْمُغْتَسِلِ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الذُّبَابَ يَقَعُ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ الرَّقِيقِ، ثُمَّ يَقَعُ عَلَى الثَّوْبِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ نَظَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: مَا كَانَ لَهُمْ إِلَّا ثَوْبٌ وَاحِدٌ، فَرَفَضَهُ \"\n\n٤٩٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ»\n\n٤٩٠٢ - قَالَ: «وَمَذَاهِبُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ لِلْخَلَاءِ بَارِزَةٌ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، وَعَلَى سُطُوحٍ لَيْسَتْ فِي بَوَالِيعَ، فَلَا شَكَّ أَنَّ مَنْ جَلَسَ فِي تِلْكَ الْمَذَاهِبِ، أَنَّ الذُّبَابَ يَقَعُ عَلَى الْخَلَاءِ، ثُمَّ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٤٩٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَوْلَا مَذَاهِبُ الْفُقَهَاءِ، فِيمَا لَا يُدْرِكُهُ الطَّرْفُ، لَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّ مَنِ اسْتَيْقَنَ نَجَاسَةً أَصَابَتْ ثَوْبَهُ، فَعَلَيْهِ غَسْلُهُ»","vol":"3","page":354},{"text":"٤٩٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فِي الدَّمِ إِذَا كَانَ لُمْعَةً مُجْتَمِعَةً وَجَبَ غَسْلُهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ مَوْضِعِ دِينَارٍ، أَوْ فَلْسٍ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَمَرَ بِغَسْلِ دَمِ الْمَحِيضِ فِي الْمَعْقُولِ: اللَّمْعَةِ،\n\n٤٩٠٥ - وَإِذَا كَانَ يَسِيرًا، كَدَمِ الْبَرْغُوثِ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ لَمْ يُغْسَلْ، لِأَنَّ الْعَامَّةَ، أَجَازَتْ هَذَا \"\n\n٤٩٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، صَلَّى فِي كِسَاءٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ لُمْعَةٌ مِنْ دَمٍ، فَقَبَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَلَى مَا يَلِيهَا، فَبَعَثَهَا إِلَى عَائِشَةَ مَصْرُورَةً فِي يَدِ الْغُلَامِ، فَقَالَ: «اغْسِلِي هَذِهِ» ⦗٣٥٦⦘\n\n٤٩٠٧ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ عَصْرَ بَثْرَةً بِوَجْهِهِ، فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا الدَّمُ، فَدَلَكَهُ بَيْنَ أُصْبُعِهِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَمْ يَغْسِلْ يَدَهُ»\n\n٤٩٠٨ - وَرُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حِينَ رَعَفَا، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الرُّعَافِ،\n\n٤٩٠٩ - فَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ رَوْحِ بْنِ غُطَيْفٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا: «تُعَادُ الصَّلَاةُ مِنْ قَدْرِ الدِّرْهَمِ مِنَ الدَّمِ»،\n\n٤٩١٠ - فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ، وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَهُ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ.\n\n٤٩١١ - وَذَهَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَفِي الْإِمْلَاءِ إِلَى: إِيجَابِ غَسْلِ الثَّوْبِ، مِنْ قَلِيلِ الدَّمِ، وَكَثِيرِهِ ⦗٣٥٧⦘\n\n٤٩١٢ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ يُحْفَظْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ قَلِيلِ الدَّمِ، وَلَا كَثِيرِهِ","vol":"3","page":355},{"text":"٤٩١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَأَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، وَعَاصِمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْجَزَّارِ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّهُ صَلَّى، وَعَلَى بَطْنِهِ فَرْثٌ، ودَمٌ»،\n\n٤٩١٤ - وَهَذَا أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا، فِيمَا خَالَفُوا فِيهِ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"3","page":357},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-239>النَّجَاسَةُ الْيَابِسَةُ، يَطَؤُهَا بِرِجْلِهِ، أَوْ يَجُرُّ عَلَيْهَا ثَوْبَهُ</span>","vol":"3","page":358},{"text":"٤٩١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمَارَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّ وَلَدٍ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً سَأَلَتْ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي امْرَأَةٌ أُطِيلُ ذَيْلِي، وَأَمْشِي فِي الْمَكَانِ الْقَذِرِ، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «يُطَهِّرُهُ مَا بَعْدَهُ» ⦗٣٥٩⦘\n\n٤٩١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهَذَا فِي الْيَابِسِ، فَأَمَّا الرَّطْبُ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَنَّ فِيهِ: أَنَّ طَهَارَتَهُ الْمَاءُ","vol":"3","page":358},{"text":"٤٩١٧ - وَحَكَى بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يُطَهِّرُهُ الْمَكَانُ الطَّيِّبُ، إِذَا مَشَى فِيهِ بَعْدَهُ، إِذَا كَانَ يَابِسًا قَذَرًا»\n\n٤٩١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا نَدْرِي مَنِ الْقَائِلُ: إِذَا كَانَ يَابِسًا قَذَرًا، أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، أَوْ مَنْ دُونَهُ،\n\n٤٩١٩ - وَمَعْنَاهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: يَذْهَبُ مَا فِي الْقُلُوبِ مِنْهُ، لَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ نَجِسًا، فَطُهِّرَ بِدَلَالَةِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً طَهُورًا﴾ [الفرقان: ٤٨]،\n\n٤٩٢٠ - وَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، بِتَطْهِيرِ دَمِ الْحَيْضَةِ بِالْمَاءِ","vol":"3","page":359},{"text":"٤٩٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ ⦗٣٦٠⦘: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْيَشْكُرِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، مَوْلَى أَبِي أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّا نُرِيدُ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَنَطَأُ طَرِيقًا نَجِسَةً، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «الطُّرُقُ يُطَهِّرُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا»،\n\n٤٩٢٢ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"3","page":359},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-240>غَسْلُ مَوْضِعِ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ مِنَ الثَّوْبِ وُجُوبًا، وَنَضْحُ مَا حَوْلَهُ اخْتِيَارًا</span>","vol":"3","page":361},{"text":"٤٩٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ ابْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ جَدَّتِي أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ تَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضَةِ يُصِيبُ الثَّوْبَ، فَقَالَ: «حُتِّيهِ، ثُمَّ اقْرُصِيهِ بِالْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ رُشِّيهِ، وَصَلِّي فِيهِ» ⦗٣٦٢⦘،\n\n٤٩٢٤ - هَكَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَالصَّوَابُ سَأَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":361},{"text":"٤٩٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: سَأَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِحْدَانَا إِذَا أَصَابَ ثَوْبَهَا الدَّمُ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ، كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهَا: «إِذَا أَصَابَ ثَوْبَ إِحْدَاكُنَّ الدَّمُ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ، فَلْتَقْرُصْهُ، ثُمَّ لِتَنْضَحْهُ بِمَاءٍ، ثُمَّ لْتُصَلِّ فِيهِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٤٩٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِحَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، نَأْخُذُ وَهُوَ حَفِظَ فِيهِ الْمَاءَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحْفَظْهُ مَالِكٌ\n\n٤٩٢٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ هِشَامٍ\n\n٤٩٢٨ - قَالَ: وَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ دَمَ الْحَيْضِ نَجَسٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ دَمٍ غَيْرُهُ\n\n٤٩٢٩ - قَالَ: وَتَقْرِيصُهُ: فَرْكُهُ، وَقَوْلُهُ بِالْمَاءِ: غَسْلٌ بِالْمَاءِ،\n\n٤٩٣٠ - وَأَمْرُهُ بِالنَّضْحِ لِمَا حَوْلَهُ، فَأَمَّا النَّجَاسَةُ، فَلَا يُطَهِّرُهَا إِلَّا الْغَسْلُ\n\n٤٩٣١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُ الْمُوَطَّأِ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا كَمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ⦗٣٦٣⦘\n\n٤٩٣٢ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «لِتَحُتَّهُ، ثُمَّ لْتَقْرُصْهُ بِالْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ لْتَنْضَحْهُ بِالْمَاءِ» فَذَكَرَ الْمَاءَ فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ.\n\n٤٩٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَوَكِيعٌ، وَابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، وَقَالُوا: فِيهِ: «تَحُتُّهُ، ثُمَّ تَقْرُصُهُ بِالْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ تَنْضَحُهُ»\n\n٤٩٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنُ يَسَارٍ عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَ فِيهِ: «حُتِّيهِ، ثُمَّ اقْرُصِيهِ بِمَاءٍ، ثُمَّ تَنْضَحُ فِي سَائِرِ ثَوْبِهَا، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي فِيهِ»،\n\n٤٩٣٥ - وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تَغْسِلُ الدَّمَ مِنْ ثَوْبِهَا، وَتَنْضَحُ عَلَى سَائِرِهِ،\n\n٤٩٣٦ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ أَسْمَاءَ،\n\n٤٩٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالنَّضْحُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ اخْتِيَارٌ","vol":"3","page":362},{"text":"٤٩٣٨ - وَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، سُئِلَ عَنِ الثَّوْبِ يُصِيبُهُ دَمُ الْحَيْضِ، فَقَالَ: «تَحُتُّهُ، ثُمَّ تَقْرُصُهُ بِالْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي فِيهِ»\n\n٤٩٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَا قُلْنَا مِنْ أَنَّ النَّضْحَ بِالْمَاءِ اخْتِيَارٌ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِالنَّضْحِ فِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ","vol":"3","page":363},{"text":"٤٩٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ بَكَّارِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَتْ إِحْدَانَا تَنْظُرُ الثَّوْبَ الَّذِي تَبِيتُ فِيهِ، فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ دَمٌ غَسَلْنَاهُ، وَصَلَّيْنَا فِيهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَصَابَهُ شَيْءٌ تَرَكْنَاهُ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْنَا ذَلِكَ أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ»\n\n٤٩٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْحَائِضِ، بِغَسْلِ أَثَرِ الْحَيْضَةِ مِنَ الثَّوْبِ، وَتُصَلِّي فِيهِ، فَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ثَوْبَهَا، لَوْ كَانَ بِنَجَسٍ بِلِبْسِهَا، لَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَغْسِلَهُ\n\n٤٩٤٢ - قَالَ: وَالْجُنُبُ كَالْحَائِضِ فِي هَذَا كُلِّهِ، أَوْ أَخَفُّ","vol":"3","page":364},{"text":"٤٩٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أُخْتَهُ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي فِي الثَّوْبِ الَّذِي يُجَامِعُ فِيهِ؟ قَالَتْ: «نَعَمْ، إِذَا لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِ أَذًى»،\n\n٤٩٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُدَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٤٩٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْأَذَى قَدْ يَكُونُ مَذْيًا، وَالْمَذْيُ نَجَسٌ، وَقَدْ يُصِيبُهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ رُطُوبَةِ فَرْجِ الْمَرْأَةِ، وَغَسْلُ الثَّوْبِ مِنْهُ وَاجِبٌ،\n\n٤٩٤٦ - قَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثٍ: الْمَاءُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ «⦗٣٦٥⦘ يَغْسِلُ مَا أَصَابَهُ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ»، وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ، تَقُولُ: يَنْبَغِي لِلْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ عَاقِلَةً، أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ لَهَا خِرْقَةً، فَإِذَا جَامَعَهَا زَوْجُهَا نَاوَلَتْهُ، فَيَمْسَحُ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ تَمْسَحُ عَنْهَا، فَيُصَلِّيَانِ فِي ثَوْبِهِمَا ذَلِكَ، لَمْ تُصِبْهُ جَنَابَةٌ","vol":"3","page":364},{"text":"٤٩٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلِلرَّجُلِ الْمُسَافِرِ، لَا مَاءَ لَهُ، وَالْمُعْزِبُ فِي الْإِبِلِ، أَنْ يُجَامِعَ أَهْلَهُ، وَيُجْزِئُهُ التَّيَمُّمُ، إِذَا غَسَلَ مَا أَصَابَ ذَكَرَهُ، وَغَسَلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مَا أَصَابَ فَرْجَهَا أَبَدًا، حَتَّى يَجِدَا الْمَاءَ» هَذَا نَصُّ قَوْلِهِ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ،\n\n٤٩٤٨ - وَحَكَى الْمُزَنِيُّ عَنِ الْإِمْلَاءِ: أَنَّهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ، فَالتَّيَمُّمُ لَهُ طَهَارَةٌ، حَتَّى يَجِدَ الْمَاءَ\n\n٤٩٤٩ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ غَسْلَ فَرْجٍ، وَلَا إِعَادَةً وَمَنْ قَالَ: بِهَذَا احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ فِي تَيَمُّمِ الْجُنُبِ","vol":"3","page":365},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-241>أَصْلُ الثِّيَابِ عَلَى الطَّهَارَةِ، حَتَّى يُعْلَمَ فِيهَا نَجَاسَةٌ</span>","vol":"3","page":366},{"text":"٤٩٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي، وَهُوَ حَامِلٌ أُمَامَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا سَجَدَ وَضَعَهَا، وَإِذَا قَامَ رَفَعَهَا»، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٤٩٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَثَوْبُ أُمَامَةَ ثَوْبُ صَبِيٍّ","vol":"3","page":366},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-242>الْأَبْوَالُ كُلُّهَا نَجَسٌ، أَبْوَالُ مَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ، وَمَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ</span>","vol":"3","page":367},{"text":"٤٩٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «إِذَا كَانَ بَوْلُ ابْنُ آدَمَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَطْهُرُ ذِي رُوحٍ، وَالَّذِي ذَوَاتُ الْأَرْوَاحِ، مُسَخَّرَاتٌ لَهُ نَجِسًا، كَانَ بَوْلُ مَا سِوَاهُ أَنْجَسُ» ⦗٣٦٨⦘\n\n٤٩٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَكْثَرُ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ فِي الْبَوْلِ»","vol":"3","page":367},{"text":"٤٩٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَابِقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ عَامَّةَ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ فِي الْبَوْلِ، فَتَنَزَّهُوا مِنَ الْبَوْلِ»","vol":"3","page":368},{"text":"٤٩٥٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قَبْرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُمَا لَيُعَذَّبَانِ، وَمَا يُعَذَّبَانِ فِي كَبِيرٍ، أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَكَانَ يَمْشِي بِالنَّمِيمَةِ، وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُ، فَكَانَ لَا يَسْتَتِرُ مِنْ بَوْلِهِ» قَالَ: وَكِيعٌ: لَا يَتَوَقَّى قَالَ: فَدَعَا بِعَسِيبٍ رَطْبٍ، فَشَقَّهُ بِاثْنَيْنِ، ثُمَّ غَرَسَ عَلَى هَذَا وَاحِدًا، وَعَلَى هَذَا وَاحِدًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفَ عَنْهُمَا، مَا لَمْ يَيْبَسَا» ⦗٣٦٩⦘\n\n٤٩٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَنْسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُجَاهِدًا، يُحَدِّثُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٤٩٥٧ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَأَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ «مِنَ الْبَوْلِ»، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ غَيْرَ الْأَوَّلِ، لِمُوَافَقَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فِي بَعْضِ لَفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ.\n\n٤٩٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَسَاجِدَ لَا تَصْلُحُ لِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَوْلِ، وَالْقَذَرِ»،\n\n٤٩٥٩ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي الرَّوْثَةِ: «هَذِهِ رِكْسٌ»\n\n٤٩٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي بَوْلِ النَّاقَةِ: اغْسِلْ مَا أَصَابَكَ مِنْهُ\n\n٤٩٦١ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي قِصَّةِ، الْعُرَنِيِّينَ مِنَ الْإِذْنِ فِي شُرْبِ أَلْبَانِهَا، وَأَبْوَالِهَا، فَذَاكَ لِلتَّدَاوِي بِهَا عِنْدَ الضَّرُورَةِ ⦗٣٧٠⦘،\n\n٤٩٦٢ - وَقِيلَ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ فِي أَلْبَانِ الْإِبِلِ، وَأَبْوَالِهَا شِفَاءً لِلذَّرِبَةِ بُطُونُهُمْ»","vol":"3","page":368},{"text":"٤٩٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَبْوَالُ الْإِبِلِ، وَأَلْبَانُهَا شِفَاءٌ لِلذَّرِبَةِ بُطُونُهُمْ»\n\n٤٩٦٤ - فَهَذَا إِذَا كَانَ ثَابِتًا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ، إِنَّمَا أُبِيحَ لِلذَّرِبَةِ بُطُونُهُمْ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ بِهِمُ الْمَاءُ الْأَصْفَرُ، الَّذِي لَمْ تَزَلِ الْعَرَبُ، تَقُولُ: لَا شِفَاءَ لَهُمْ، إِلَّا أَلْبَانُ الْإِبِلِ، وَأَبْوَالُهَا، أَوْ شَقُّ الْبَطْنِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَجُوزُ شَقُّ الْبَطْنِ، وَقَطْعُ الْعُضْوِ رَجَاءَ ⦗٣٧١⦘ الْعَافِيَةِ، فَهَذَا مُحَرَّمٌ لِغَيْرِ مَعْنَى الضَّرُورَةِ، كَمَا أُجِيزَ عَلَى الضَّرُورَةِ، أَكْلُ الْمَيْتَةِ، وَمَا نُصِبَ مُحَرَّمًا مَعَهَا، وحُكْمُ الضَّرُورَاتِ مُخَالِفٌ لِغَيْرِهِ\n\n٤٩٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا تَوَقَّفَ فِي صِحَّةِ الْخَبَرِ، لِأَنَّ رَاوِيهِ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ","vol":"3","page":370},{"text":"٤٩٦٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، مَرْفُوعًا: «مَا أُكِلَ لَحْمُهُ، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِبَوْلِهِ»، فَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ سَوَّارُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ مَرَّةً، وَقَالَ: أُخْرَى، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِسُؤْرِهِ ⦗٣٧٢⦘،\n\n٤٩٦٧ - وَخَالَفَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ الرَّازِيِّ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ مُحَارِبٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مَرْفُوعًا «فِي الْبَوْلِ»،\n\n٤٩٦٨ - وَعَمْرٌو، وَيَحْيَى، وَسَوَّارٌ: ضُعَفَاءُ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَتِهِمْ","vol":"3","page":371},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-243>الرَّشُّ عَلَى بَوْلِ الصَّبِيِّ، الَّذِي لَمْ يَأْكُلِ الطَّعَامَ</span>","vol":"3","page":373},{"text":"٤٩٦٩ - رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حِكَايَةِ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ قَيْسٍ بِنْتِ مِحْصَنٍ قَالَتْ: «دَخَلْتُ بِابْنٍ لِي، عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لَمْ يَأْكُلِ الطَّعَامَ، فَبَالَ عَلَيْهِ، فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَرَشَّ عَلَيْهِ» ⦗٣٧٤⦘،\n\n٤٩٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٤٩٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ: «فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَنَضَحَهُ، وَلَمْ يَغْسِلْهُ»، وَمَعْنَاهُمَا وَاحِدٌ","vol":"3","page":373},{"text":"٤٩٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ قَيْسٍ بِنْتِ مِحْصَنٍ: «أَنَّهَا أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، بِابْنٍ لَهَا صَغِيرٍ، لَمْ يَأْكُلِ الطَّعَامَ، إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَجْلَسَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حِجْرِهِ، فَبَالَ عَلَى ثَوْبِهِ، فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ، فَنَضَحَهُ وَلَمْ يَغْسِلْهُ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ\n\n٤٩٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى الْفَرَقِ، بَيْنَ مَنْ أَكَلَ الطَّعَامَ، وَبَيْنَ مَنْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ","vol":"3","page":374},{"text":"٤٩٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصَبِيٍّ، فَبَالَ عَلَى ثَوْبِهِ، فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ، فَأَتْبَعَهُ إِيَّاهُ»،\n\n٤٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ ⦗٣٧٥⦘، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٤٩٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رَاوِيَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَإِتْبَاعُهُ إِيَّاهُ الْمَاءَ: يَكُونُ صَبًّا عَلَيْهِ، وَيَكُونُ غَسْلًا لَهُ، بِأَنْ يَصُبَّ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَغْسِلَ، وَقَدْ يَغْسِلُهُ مَرَّةً، وَيَرُشُّهُ أُخْرَى، وَفِي الرَّشِّ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْغَسْلَ اخْتِيَارٌ، وَشَرَحَ هَذَا، فَاخْتَصَرْتُهُ،\n\n٤٩٧٧ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَقَدْ يَكُونُ صَبِيًّا أَكَلَ الطَّعَامَ","vol":"3","page":374},{"text":"٤٩٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ، فَأَتْبَعَهُ بَوْلَهُ، وَلَمْ يَغْسِلْهُ»،\n\n٤٩٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَبِي كُرَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ\n\n٤٩٨٠ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَعْنَى الرَّشِّ: لِيَجِدَ صَاحِبُهُ الْبَلَلَ، فَتَطِيبَ نَفْسُهُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي لَعَلَّ الْبَلَلَ، مِنَ الْمَاءِ","vol":"3","page":375},{"text":"٤٩٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ قَابُوسَ بْنِ الْمُخَارِقِ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ: أَنَّهَا جَاءَتْ بِالْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَجْلَسَهُ فِي حِجْرِهِ، فَبَالَ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٣٧٦⦘ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ: اخْلَعْ إِزَارَكَ، وَالْبَسْ ثَوْبًا غَيْرَهُ، حَتَّى أَغْسِلَهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا يُغْسَلُ بَوْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ، وَيُنْضَحُ بَوْلُ الْغُلَامِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ","vol":"3","page":375},{"text":"٤٩٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحِلُّ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ الطَّائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو السَّمْحِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ خَادِمَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَجِيءَ بِالْحَسَنِ، أَوِ الْحُسَيْنِ، فَبَالَ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ، فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَغْسِلُوهُ، فَقَالَ: «رُشُّوهُ رَشًّا، فَإِنَّهُ يُغْسَلُ بَوْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ، وَيُرَشُّ بَوْلُ الْغُلَامِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ","vol":"3","page":376},{"text":"٤٩٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرْبِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: «يُغْسَلُ بَوْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ، وَيُنْضَحُ بَوْلُ الْغُلَامِ، مَا لَمْ يَطْعَمْ» ⦗٣٧٧⦘\n\n٤٩٨٤ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرْبِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ «مَا لَمْ يَطْعَمِ الطَّعَامَ»\n\n٤٩٨٥ - قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هَذَا مَا لَمْ يَطْعَمَا، فَإِذَا طَعِمَا غُسِلَا جَمِيعًا،\n\n٤٩٨٦ - هَذَا حَدِيثٌ وَقَفَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَرَفَعَهُ هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ وَهُوَ حَافِظٌ ثِقَةٌ","vol":"3","page":376},{"text":"٤٩٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ: أَنَّ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ «كَانَتْ تَغْسِلُ بَوْلَ الْجَارِيَةِ مَا كَانَ، وَلَا تَغْسِلُ بَوْلَ الْغُلَامِ، حَتَّى يُطْعَمَ تَصُبُّ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءَ صَبًّا»\n\n٤٩٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذِهِ الْآثَارُ لَمْ تُبْقِ، لِمُتَأَوِّلٍ تَأْوِيلًا فِي تَرْكِهَا، وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّضْحَ الْمَذْكُورَ فِيهِ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ الْغُسْلُ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِوُرُودِ النَّضْحِ فِي مَوَاضِعَ أُرِيدَ بِهِ فِيهَا الْغُسْلُ، لَمْ يُفَكِّرْ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ حِينَ قَالَ: «فَنَضَحَهُ، وَلَمْ يَغْسِلْهُ»، وَلَا فِي قَوْلِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، «فَأَتْبَعَهُ بَوْلَهُ، وَلَمْ يَغْسِلْهُ»، وَلَا فِي رِوَايَةِ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ حِينَ رَدَّ عَلَيْهَا قَوْلَهَا، حَتَّى أَغْسِلَهُ فِي الْغُلَامِ، وَأَثْبَتَهُ فِي الْجَارِيَةِ، وَلَا فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي السَّمْحِ: فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَغْسِلُوهُ، فَقَالَ: «رُشُّوهُ رَشًّا، إِنَّمَا يُغْسَلُ بَوْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ، وَيُرَشُّ بَوْلُ الْغُلَامِ»، وَلَا فِي أَثَرِ عَلِيٍّ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَفِي كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ، مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ رَدُّ مَا قَالَ: ثُمَّ فِي اشْتَرَاطِ كَوْنِهِ رَضِيعًا، لَمْ يَأْكُلِ الطَّعَامَ ⦗٣٧٨⦘، إِذْ لَا تَأْثِيرَ لِهَذَا الشَّرْطِ، فِيمَا حُمِلَ عَلَيْهِ الْخَبَرُ، وَلَا فِيمَا فُرِّقَ فِيهِ بَيْنَ الْغُلَامِ، وَالْجَارِيَةِ، بِأَنَّ بَوْلَهُ يَكُونُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ وَاحِدٍ، لِضِيقِ مَخْرَجِهِ، وَبَوْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ يَتَفَرَّقُ لِسَعَةِ مَخْرَجِهَا، فَأَمَرَ فِي الْغُلَامِ بِصَبِّ الْمَاءِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَفِي الْجَارِيَةِ، بِأَنْ يُتْبَعَ بِالْمَاءِ فِي مَوَاضِعِهِ، وَالْمُرَادُ بِهِمَا الْغَسْلُ، لِأَنَّ مَخْرَجَهُ، قَبْلَ أَكْلِ الطَّعَامِ، وَبَعْدَهُ وَاحِدٌ، وَقَدْ يَتَفَرَّقُ بَوْلُ الصَّبِيِّ فِي الْخُرُوجِ، فَيَتَفَرَّقُ فِي مَوَاضِعَ، وَتُرْسِلُهُ الْجَارِيَةُ إِرْسَالًا، فَيَجْتَمِعُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَهَذَا تَأْوِيلٌ بَعِيدٌ لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ مَعَ اسْتِقْصَاءِ هَؤُلَاءِ الرُّوَاةِ فِي أَدَاءِ مَا حَمَلُوهُ، وَفَرْقِهِمْ فِي الْغَسْلِ، وَتَرْكِ الْغَسْلِ بَيْنَ الْغُلَامِ، وَالْجَارِيَةِ، وَفَرْقِهِمْ بَيْنَ الصَّبِيِّ، الَّذِي أَكَلَ الطَّعَامَ، وَالَّذِي لَمْ يَأْكُلْ فِي وجُوبِ الْغَسْلِ، وَجَوَازِ الرَّشِّ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.\n\n٤٩٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَكَى الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ الصَّغِيرِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَلَا يَتَبَيَّنُ لِي فَرْقٌ بَيْنَهُ، وَبَيْنَ بَوْلِ الصِّبْيَةِ، وَلَوْ غُسِلَ كَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ\n\n٤٩٩٠ - فَذَهَبَ وَهُمْ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، إِلَى أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِهِ، جَوَازَ الرَّشِّ عَلَى بَوْلِ الصَّبِيِّ، وَلَيْسَ كَمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ تَعْلِيقَ الْقَوْلِ فِي وجُوبِ غَسْلِ بَوْلِ الصِّبْيَةِ، وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي حِكَايَتِهِ فِي الْكَبِيرِ.\n\n٤٩٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْكَبِيرِ: وَلَا يَتَبَيَّنُ لِي فِي بَوْلِ الصَّبِيِّ، وَالْجَارِيَةِ، فَرْقٌ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ الثَّابِتَةِ، وَلَوْ غُسِلَ بَوْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ، الَّتِي أَكَلْتِ الطَّعَامَ، أَوْ لَمْ تَأْكُلْ، كَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ احْتِيَاطًا، وَإِنْ رَشَّ مَا لَمْ تَأْكُلِ الطَّعَامَ أَجْزَأَهُ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ\n\n٤٩٩٢ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا، لِأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ الثَّابِتَ فِي ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ، وَأُمِّ قَيْسٍ بِنْتِ مِحْصَنٍ، وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِهِمَا ذِكْرُ الصِّبْيَةِ، فَأَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَوْلُهَا قِيَاسًا، عَلَى بَوْلِ الصَّبِيِّ ⦗٣٧٩⦘،\n\n٤٩٩٣ - وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ، حَدِيثُ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ، وَأَبِي السَّمْحِ، وَلَا حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ، حَتَّى يُفَرَّقَ بِحَدِيثِهِمْ بَيْنَ بَوْلِ الصَّبِيِّ، وَالصِّبْيَةِ، وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ الثَّابِتَةِ،\n\n٤٩٩٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ حَدِيثُهُمْ عِنْدَ الْبُخَارِيِّ، وَمُسْلِمٍ عَلَى مَا رُسِمَا فِي كِتَابَيْهِمَا، فَلِذَلِكَ اقْتَصَرَا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَأُمِّ قَيْسٍ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ دُونَ حَدِيثِهِمْ،\n\n٤٩٩٥ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَتْ أَحَادِيثُهُمْ عِنْدَ أَبِي دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، فَأَخْرَجُوهَا فِي كُتُبِهِمْ، وَشَرَائِطُ الصِّحَّةِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْفِقْهِ، مَوْجُودَةٌ فِي رُوَاتِهَا، وَمَعَ أَحَادِيثِهِمْ: قَوْلُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَمَعَ قَوْلِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، قَوْلُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁، وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَى، إِنْ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا يَقُولَانِهِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ، إِلَّا تَوْفِيقًا،\n\n٤٩٩٦ - فَالنَّظَرُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى أَنَّ رَفْعَ حَدِيثِهِ أَقْوَى، مِنْ وَقْفِهِ، لِزِيَادَةِ حِفْظِ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ عَلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، فَالْحُجَّةُ بِهِ قَائِمَةٌ، وَالْفُرْقَانُ بِذَلِكَ بَيْنَ بَوْلَيْهِمَا حَاصِلٌ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.\n\n٤٩٩٧ - وَقَدْ قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ الْعِلَلِ، لِأَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيَّ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ:\n\n٤٩٩٨ - سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ لَا يَرْفَعُهُ، وَهِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ رَفَعَهُ، وَهُوَ حَافِظٌ","vol":"3","page":377},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-244>الْمَنِيُّ</span>","vol":"3","page":380},{"text":"٤٩٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ﵀، «بَدَأَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ خَلْقَ آدَمَ ﵇، مِنْ مَاءٍ وَطِينٍ، وَجَعَلَهُمَا مَعًا طَهَارَةً، وَبَدَأَ خَلْقَ وَلَدِهِ مِنْ مَاءٍ دَافِقٍ، فَكَانَ فِي ابْتِدَائِهِ خَلَقَ آدَمَ، مِنَ الطَّهَارَتَيْنِ، اللَّتَيْنِ هُمَا الطَّهَارَةُ دَلَالَةٌ أَنْ لَا يَبْدَأَ خَلْقَ غَيْرِهِ، إِلَّا مِنْ طَاهِرٍ لَا مِنْ نَجَسٍ، وَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"3","page":380},{"text":"٥٠٠٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" الْمَنِيُّ لَيْسَ بِنَجَسٍ، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ، أَكْرَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَبْتَدِئَ خَلْقَ مَنْ كَرَّمَهُ، وَجَعَلَ مِنْهُمُ النَّبِيِّينَ، وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ، وَالشُّهَدَاءِ، وَالصَّالِحِينَ، وَأَهْلَ جَنَّتِهِ، مِنْ نَجَسٍ، فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: ﴿وَلَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِي آدَمَ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٠]، وَقَالَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ﴾ [النحل: ٤]، ﴿مِنْ مَاءٍ مَهِينٍ﴾ [السجدة: ٨]،\n\n٥٠٠١ - وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا فِي خَبَرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَكَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَكُونَ الْعُقُولُ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ، لَا يَبْتَدِئُ خَلْقَ مَنْ كَرَّمَهُ، وَأَسْكَنَهُ جَنَّتَهُ مِنْ نَجَسٍ، مَعَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \"","vol":"3","page":380},{"text":"٥٠٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ أَفْرُكُ الْمَنِيَّ مِنْ ثَوْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n٥٠٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: يُفْرَكَ كَمَا يُفْرَكَ الْمُخَاطُ، وَالْبُصَاقُ، وَالطِّينُ، وَالشَّيْءُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ يَلْصَقُ بِالثَّوْبِ، تَنْظِيفًا لَا تَنْجِيسًا","vol":"3","page":381},{"text":"٥٠٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، ح،\n\n٥٠٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورٌ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: ضَافَ عَائِشَةَ ضَيْفٌ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ تَدَعُوهُ، فَقَالُوا لَهَا: أَصَابَتْهُ جَنَابَةٌ، فَذَهَبَ يَغْسِلُ ثَوْبَهُ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «وَلِمَ غَسَلَهُ؟ إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَفْرُكُ الْمَنِيَّ مِنْ ثَوْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» ⦗٣٨٢⦘،\n\n٥٠٠٦ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، وَحَدِيثُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا مُخْتَصَرَةٌ دُونَ قِصَّةِ الضَّيْفِ،\n\n٥٠٠٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِتَمَامِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِنَا","vol":"3","page":381},{"text":"٥٠٠٨ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٥٠٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَحَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «قَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي أَمْسَحُهُ مِنْ ثَوْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا جَفَّ حَتَتُّهُ»","vol":"3","page":382},{"text":"٥٠١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، وَالْأَسْوَدُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ أَفْرُكُ الْمَنِيَّ، مِنْ ثَوْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ»\n\n٥٠١١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاودَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَيُصَلِّي فِيهِ،\n\n٥٠١٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"3","page":382},{"text":"٥٠١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْأَبْزَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُحَارِبِ بْنِ دِثَارٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَحُتُّ الْمَنِيَّ، مِنْ ثِيَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٥٠١٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ بَيْنَ مُحَارِبٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ إِرْسَالٌ، فَفِيمَا قَبْلَهُ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ","vol":"3","page":383},{"text":"٥٠١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، كِلَاهُمَا يُخْبِرُهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي الْمَنِيِّ يُصِيبُ الثَّوْبَ قَالَ: «أَمِطْهُ عَنْكَ» قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: «بِعُودٍ، أَوْ إِذْخَرَةٍ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْبُصَاقِ، أَوِ الْمُخَاطِ»،\n\n٥٠١٦ - هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ،\n\n٥٠١٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَا يَثْبُتُ رَفْعُهُ","vol":"3","page":383},{"text":"٥٠١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْمُصْعَبُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٣٨٤⦘: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا أَصَابَ ثَوْبَهُ الْمَنِيُّ، إِنْ كَانَ رَطْبًا مَسَحَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَابِسًا حَتَّهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى فِيهِ»","vol":"3","page":383},{"text":"٥٠١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَإِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ مَيْمُونٍ، رَوَى عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَغْسِلُ الْمَنِيَّ، مِنْ ثَوْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»،\n\n٥٠٢٠ - فَقُلْنَا: هَذَا بِخِلَافٍ لِقَوْلِهَا: «كُنْتُ أَفْرُكُهُ مِنْ ثَوْبِهِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ»، كَمَا لَا يَكُونُ غَسْلُهُ قَدَمَيْهِ عُمْرَهُ خِلَافًا لِمَسْحِهِ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا مَسَحَ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ يُجْزِئُ الصَّلَاةُ بِالْغَسْلِ، وَيُجْزِئُ الصَّلَاةُ بِالْمَسْحِ، وَكَذَلِكَ يُجْزِئُ الصَّلَاةُ بِحَتِّهِ، وَيُجْزِئُ الصَّلَاةُ بِغَسْلِهِ، لِأَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا خِلَافُ الْآخَرِ،\n\n٥٠٢١ - مَعَ أَنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، هُمْ يَخَافُونَ فِيهِ غَلَطَ عَمْرِو بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ رَأَي سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، وَكَذَا حَفِظَ عَنْهُ الْحُفَّاظُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: غَسْلُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ خِلَافُ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ،\n\n٥٠٢٢ - وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ سُلَيْمَانُ فِيمَا عَلِمْنَاهُ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَلَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهَا كَانَ مُرْسَلًا \" ⦗٣٨٥⦘\n\n٥٠٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ذَهَبَ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ إِلَى تَصْحِيحِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَتَثْبِيتِ سَمَاعِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ ذَكَرَ سَمَاعَهُ فِيهِ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ،\n\n٥٠٢٤ - إِلَّا أَنَّ رِوَايَةَ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْفَرْكِ، وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِي الْغَسْلِ، فَمِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ كَانُوا يَخَافُونَ غَلَطَ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ،\n\n٥٠٢٥ - ثُمَّ الْجَوَّابُ عَنْهُ، مَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَبِذَلِكَ أَجَابَ عَمَّا رُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي غَسْلِهِ الثَّوْبَ مِنْهُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"3","page":384},{"text":"٥٠٢٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي زَيْدٍ ثَابِتِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «يَا عَمَّارُ، مَا نُخَامَتُكَ، وَلَا دُمُوعُ عَيْنَيْكَ، إِلَّا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَاءِ الَّذِي فِي رَكْوَتِكَ، إِنَّمَا تَغْسِلُ ثَوْبَكَ مِنَ الْبَوْلِ، وَالْغَائِطِ، وَالْمَنِيِّ، وَالدَّمِ، وَالْقَيْئِ»،\n\n٥٠٢٧ - فَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ ⦗٣٨٦⦘\n\n٥٠٢٨ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: لَا أَعْلَمُ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، غَيْرَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ هَذَا، وَأَحَادِيثِهِ، مَنَاكِيرُ، وَمَقْلُوبَاتٌ\n\n٥٠٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَمْ يَرْوِهِ غَيْرُهُ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا","vol":"3","page":385},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-245>مَا يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَفِيهِ</span>","vol":"3","page":387},{"text":"٥٠٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَمِرَةٍ، وَالنَّمِرَةُ صُوفٌ، فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُصَلَّى فِي الصُّوفِ، وَالشَّعَرِ، وَالْوَبَرِ، وَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ،\n\n٥٠٣١ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٨٨⦘: «أَيُّمَا إِهَابٍ دُبِغَ، فَقَدْ طَهُرَ»،\n\n٥٠٣٢ - فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُصَلَّى فِي جُلُودِ الْمَيْتَةِ، وَالسِّبَاعِ، وَكُلِّ ذِي رَوْحٍ، إِذَا دُبِغَ، إِلَّا الْكَلْبَ، وَالْخِنْزِيرَ\n\n٥٠٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ: وَعَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ مِنْ صُوفٍ، يَعْنِي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ، وضُوءَهُ، وَمَسَحَهُ، وَصَلَاتَهُ","vol":"3","page":387},{"text":"٥٠٣٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْأَحْوَصِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ: «خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ جُبَّةُ صُوفٍ رُومِيَّةٌ ضَيِّقَةُ الْكُمَّيْنِ، فَصَلَّى بِنَا فِيهَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ غَيْرَهَا»","vol":"3","page":388},{"text":"٥٠٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ وَعْلَةَ، يَرْوِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَيُّمَا إِهَابٍ دُبِغَ، فَقَدْ طَهُرَ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِيهِ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ","vol":"3","page":389},{"text":"٥٠٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَدْخُلُ عَلَى أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ، فَتَبْسُطُ لَهُ نِطْعًا، فَيَقِيلُ عَلَيْهِ، فَتَأْخُذُ مِنْ عَرَقِهِ، فَتَجْعَلُ فِي طِيبِهَا، وَتَبْسُطُ لَهُ الْخُمْرَةَ، فَيُصَلِّي»،\n\n٥٠٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٥٠٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ، فَإِذَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَلَى الْخُمْرَةِ، وَالْخُمْرَةُ إِنْ كَانَتْ مِنْ نَبَاتِ الْأَرْضِ، فَإِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا، مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ فِيهَا نَجَاسَةً، فَكَذَلِكَ جَمِيعُ نَبَاتِ الْأَرْضِ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْبِسَاطُ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقِيلُ عَلَى نِطْعٍ، فَيَعْرَقُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ نَجِسًا لَمْ يُفْضِ إِلَيْهِ بِجَسَدِهِ، ثُمَّ يَعْرَقُ، وَيُصَلِّي، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ نَجِسًا، جَازَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"3","page":389},{"text":"٥٠٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي جُلُودِ الثَّعَالِبِ»\n\n٥٠٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَسْنَا، وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ نَقُولُ بِهَذَا، نَقُولُ نَحْنُ وَهُمْ: لَا بَأْسَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي جُلُودِ الثَّعَالِبِ إِذَا دُبِغَتْ","vol":"3","page":390},{"text":"٥٠٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي عَلَى الْحَصِيرِ، وَالْفَرْوَةِ الْمَدْبُوغَةِ»،\n\n٥٠٤٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِحَدِيثِ الْأَعْلَامِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِيهِ فِي بَابِ السَّهْوِ","vol":"3","page":390},{"text":"٥٠٤٣ - وَأَبَيْنُ مِنْهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أُهْدِيَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرُّوجُ حَرِيرٍ، فَلَبِسَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى فِيهِ، وَانْصَرَفَ، فَنَزَعَهُ نَزْعًا شَدِيدًا كَالْكَارِهِ لَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لَا يَنْبَغِي هَذَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ»\n\n٥٠٤٤ - قَالَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ: سَأَلْتُ اللَّيْثَ عَنِ الْفَرُّوجِ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ الْقَبَاءُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ","vol":"3","page":390},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-246>مَا يُوصَلُ بِالرَّجُلِ، وَالْمَرْأَةِ</span>","vol":"3","page":391},{"text":"٥٠٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" فَإِنِ اعْتَلَّتْ سِنَّةٌ، فَرَبَطَهَا بِذَهَبٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْدِرَ، فَلَا بَأْسَ، لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَصِيرُ مَيْتَةً، حَتَّى تَسْقُطَ، وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَرْبَطَهَا بِالذَّهَبِ، لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لُبْسَ الذَّهَبِ، وَإِنَّمَا مَوْضِعُ ضَرُورَةٍ،\n\n٥٠٤٦ - وَيُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الذَّهَبِ، مَا هُوَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهَا، يُرْوَى: أَنَّ أَنْفَ رَجُلٍ قُطِعَ بِالْكُلَابِ، فَاتَّخَذَ أَنْفًا مِنْ فِضَّةٍ، فَشَكَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَتْنَهُ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ أَنْفًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ \"","vol":"3","page":391},{"text":"٥٠٤٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهِلَالِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٣٩٢⦘: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَشْهَبِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ طَرَفَةَ: أَنَّ عَرْفَجَةَ «أُصِيبَ أَنْفُهُ يَوْمَ الْكُلَابِ، فَاتَّخَذَ أَنْفًا مِنْ وَرِقِ، فَأَنْتَنَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَاتَّخَذَ أَنْفًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ»\n\n٥٠٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَرْعَرَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَشْهَبِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ طَرَفَةَ، عَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ بْنِ أَسْعَدَ: أَنَّهُ أُصِيبَ أَنْفُهُ يَوْمَ الْكُلَابِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٠٤٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْهَبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَرْفَجَةَ بْنِ أَسْعَدَ،\n\n٥٠٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْهَبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ بْنِ عَرْفَجَةَ بْنِ أَسْعَدَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَرْفَجَةَ،\n\n٥٠٥١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْهَبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ،\n\n٥٠٥٢ - وَرَوَاهُ سَلْمُ بْنُ زُرَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَرْفَجَةَ بْنِ أَسْعَدَ،\n\n٥٠٥٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ أَسْنَانَهُ شُدَّتْ بِذَهَبٍ","vol":"3","page":391},{"text":"٥٠٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ السَّرَّاجِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَتْ: أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ بِنْتًا لِي أَصَابَتْهَا الْحَصْبَةُ، فَتَمَرَّقَ شَعَرُهَا، أَفَأَصِلُ فِيهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لُعِنَتِ الْوَاصِلَةُ، وَالْمَوْصُولَةُ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"3","page":393},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-247>مَا يُطَهِّرُ الْأَرْضَ</span>","vol":"3","page":394},{"text":"٥٠٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: دَخَلَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْنِي، وَمُحَمَّدًا، وَلَا تَرْحَمْ مَعَنَا أَحَدًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَقَدْ تَحَجَّرْتَ وَاسِعًا» قَالَ: فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ بَالَ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَكَأَنَّهُمْ عَجَّلُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَنَهَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِذَنُوبٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ، أَوْ سَجْلٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَأُهْرِيقَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «عَلِّمُوا، وَيَسِّرُوا، وَلَا تُعَسِّرُوا»،\n\n٥٠٥٦ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَالْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ⦗٣٩٥⦘،\n\n٥٠٥٧ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الْبَوْلِ،\n\n٥٠٥٨ - وَعَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الدُّعَاءِ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ","vol":"3","page":394},{"text":"٥٠٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ: بَالَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَعَجَّلَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ، فَنَهَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ: «صُبُّوا عَلَيْهِ، دَلْوًا مِنَ مَاءٍ»، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ،\n\n٥٠٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «خُذُوا مَا بَالَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ التُّرَابِ، فَأَلْقُوهُ، وَأَهْرِيقُوا عَلَى مَكَانِهِ مَاءً» ⦗٣٩٦⦘،\n\n٥٠٦١ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، ابْنُ مَعْقِلٍ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ،\n\n٥٠٦٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَمْعَانَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: «فَأَمَرَ، فَصُبَّ عَلَيْهِ دَلْوٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَحُفِرَ مَكَانُهُ»،\n\n٥٠٦٣ - وَسَمْعَانُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ مَجْهُولٌ، يَرْوِي عَنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقِيلَ: الْمُعَلَّى بْنُ سَمْعَانَ، وَقِيلَ: سَمْعَانُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٥٠٦٤ - وَقَالَ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الرَّازِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَيْسَ بِقَوِيٍّ","vol":"3","page":395},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-248>طَهَارَةُ الْخُفِّ، وَالنَّعْلِ</span>","vol":"3","page":397},{"text":"٥٠٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَطَهَارَةُ الْخُفِّ، وَالنَّعْلِ تُخَالِفُ طَهَارَةَ الثَّوْبِ، يَكْفِيهَا أَنْ يَحُتَّ مَا عَلَيْهَا، وَيَمْسَحَ بِالتُّرَابِ، لَا يَرَى ثَمَّ عَيْنٌ، وَلَا أَثَرٌ، وَلَا رِيحٌ، وَلَوْ غَسَلَهَا بِالْمَاءِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ»\n\n٥٠٦٦ - وَلَوْلَا الْأَخْبَارُ فِي أَنَّ هَكَذَا طَهَارَةَ النَّعْلِ مَا كَانَتْ إِلَّا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الثَّوْبِ، ولَكِنَّا فَرَّقْنَا بَيْنَهُمَا اتِّبَاعًا\n\n٥٠٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا مَضَى فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":397},{"text":"٥٠٦٨ - وَمَا رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٩٨⦘: \" إِذَا وَطِئَ أَحَدُكُمْ بِخُفَّيْهِ، أَوْ قَالَ: بِنَعْلَيْهِ الْأَذَى، فَطَهُورُهُمَا التُّرَابُ \"،\n\n٥٠٦٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقَالَ: «بِخُفَّيْهِ» لَمْ يَشُكَّ،\n\n٥٠٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مَزْيَدٍ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ: أُنْبِئْتُ أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيَّ، حَدَّثَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٥٠٧١ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَيْضًا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٥٠٧٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سَمْعَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ،\n\n٥٠٧٣ - وَكَأَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ رَغِبَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ فِي الْجَدِيدِ لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ،\n\n٥٠٧٤ - وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْأَذَى الْمَذْكُورِ فِيهِ مَا يُسْتَقْذَرُ مِنَ الطَّاهِرَاتِ، فَجَعَلَ حُكْمَهُمَا حُكْمَ الثَّوْبِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"3","page":397},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-249>مَا يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَلَا يُصَلَّى مِنَ الْأَرْضِ</span>","vol":"3","page":399},{"text":"٥٠٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي: جُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا وَطَهُورًا، وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ، وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَائِمُ، وَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى الْأَحْمَرِ، وَالْأَبْيَضِ، وَأُعْطِيتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ \"\n\n٥٠٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ إِلَى سُفْيَانَ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، فَقَالَ: الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَوْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُ ⦗٤٠٠⦘.\n\n٥٠٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْفَقِيرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي: نُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ، مَسِيرَةَ شَهْرٍ، وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَائِمُ، وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي، وَجُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا، وَطَهُورًا، فَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي أَدْرَكَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ، فَلْيُصَلِّ، وَأُعْطِيتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ، وَكُلُّ نَبِيٍّ بُعِثَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً، وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّةً \"\n\n٥٠٧٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" فُضِّلْتُ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بِسِتٍّ: أُعْطِيتُ جَوَامِعَ الْكَلِمِ، وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ، وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَائِمُ، وَجُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ طَهُورًا وَمَسْجِدًا، وَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى الْخَلْقِ كَافَّةً، وَخُتِمَ بِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ \"\n\n٥٠٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَيَّارٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ الْفَقِيرُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ مَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ ⦗٤٠١⦘،\n\n٥٠٨٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ مَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، حَدِيثَ جَابِرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"3","page":399},{"text":"٥٠٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْأَرْضُ كُلُّهَا مَسْجِدٌ، إِلَّا الْمَقْبَرَةَ، وَالْحَمَّامَ»\n\n٥٠٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي كِتَابِي فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالْآخَرُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٥٠٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَمَعْقُولٌ أَنَّهُ كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَوْ لَمْ يُبَيِّنْهُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَصِحُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَى أَرْضٍ نَجِسَةٍ، وَأَنَّ الْمَقْبَرَةَ مُخْتَلِطَةُ التُّرَابِ بِلُحُومِ الْمَوْتَى، وَصَدِيدِهِمْ، وَمَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمْ، وَذَلِكَ مَيْتَةٌ، وَأَنَّ الْحَمَّامَ مَا كَانَ مَدْخُولًا، يَجْرِي فِيهِ الْبَوْلُ، وَالْأَنْجَاسُ ⦗٤٠٢⦘،\n\n٥٠٨٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى جَوَازِ الصَّلَاةِ فِيهِمَا، إِنْ كَانَا طَاهِرَيْنِ مَعَ الْكَرَاهِيَةِ،\n\n٥٠٨٥ - وَكَرَّهَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ إِلَى الْحَمَّامِ، وَالْمَقْبَرَةِ، وَالْمَجْزَرَةِ، وَظَهْرِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَعَطَنِ الْإِبِلِ\n\n٥٠٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مَرْثَدٍ الْغَنَوِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَجْلِسُوا عَلَى الْقُبُورِ، وَلَا تُصَلُّوا إِلَيْهَا»\n\n٥٠٨٧ - وَذَكَرْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُصَلَّى إِلَى حُشٍّ، أَوْ حَمَّامٍ، أَوْ قَبْرٍ\n\n٥٠٨٨ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ فِي الْمَقْبَرَةِ، وَنَهَانِيَ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ فِي أَرْضِ بَابِلَ، فَإِنَّهَا مَلْعُونَةٌ»،\n\n٥٠٨٩ - فَإِسْنَادُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنْ صَحَّ كَرِهَ الْإِقَامَةَ بِأَرْضٍ كَانَ بِهَا خَسْفٌ وَعَذَابٌ لِصَلَاةٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا.\n\n٥٠٩٠ - وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْهُ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ لَمَّا مَرَّ بِالْحِجْرِ أَسْرَعَ السَّيْرَ، حَتَّى أَجَازَ الْوَادِيَ\n\n٥٠٩١ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ: مَخْرَجُ النَّهْيِ فِيهِ عَلَى الْخُصُوصِ،\n\n٥٠٩٢ - وَلَعَلَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ إِنْذَارٌ لَهُ بِمَا أَصَابَهُمْ مِنَ الْمِحْنَةِ، بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَهِيَ أَرْضُ بَابِلَ","vol":"3","page":401},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-250>مَمَرُّ الْجُنُبِ وَالْمُشْرِكِ فِي الْأَرْضِ</span>","vol":"3","page":403},{"text":"٥٠٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" ذَكَرَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]، لَا تَقْرَبُوا مَوَاضِعَ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٥٠٩٤ - قَالَ: وَمَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قَالَ بِمَا قَالَ: لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عُبُورُ سَبِيلٍ، إِنَّمَا عُبُورُ السَّبِيلِ فِي مَوْضِعِهَا، وَهُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَمُرَّ الْجُنُبُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَارًّا، وَلَا يُقِيمُ فِيهِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]\n⦗٤٠٤⦘ \"\n\n٥٠٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n٥٠٩٦ - وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٥٠٩٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَ أَحَدُنَا يَمُرُّ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ مُجْتَازًا»","vol":"3","page":403},{"text":"٥٠٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلَا جُنُبًا﴾ [النساء: ٤٣] إِلَا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلُوا قَالَ: «لَا تَدْخُلِ الْمَسْجِدَ، وَأَنْتَ جُنُبٌ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ طَرِيقُكَ فِيهِ وَلَا تَجْلِسْ»\n\n٥٠٩٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْأَفْلَتِ، عَنْ جَسْرَةَ بِنْتِ دَجَاجَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَجِّهُوا هَذِهِ الْبُيُوتَ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَإِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ الْمَسْجِدَ لِحَائِضٍ، وَلَا جُنُبٍ» فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ\n\n٥١٠٠ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: عِنْدَ جَسْرَةَ عَجَائِبُ ⦗٤٠٥⦘،\n\n٥١٠١ - وَقَدْ خَالَفَهَا غَيْرُهَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي سَدِّ الْأَبْوَابِ،\n\n٥١٠٢ - ثُمَّ هُوَ مَحْمُولٌ إِنْ صَحَّ عَلَى الْمُكْثِ فِيهِ","vol":"3","page":404},{"text":"٥١٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ: أَنَّ مُشْرِكِي قُرَيْشٍ، حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ فِي فِدَاءِ أَسْرَاهُمْ كَانُوا، يَبِيتُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، مِنْهُمْ جُبَيْرُ بْنُ مُطْعِمٍ قَالَ جُبَيْرٌ: «فَكُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ قِرَاءَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ»\n\n٥١٠٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ،\n\n٥١٠٥ - وَهُوَ عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ إِلَّا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ، لِقَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا﴾ [التوبة: ٢٨]\n\n٥١٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا بَاتَ الْمُشْرِكُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ غَيْرِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، فَكَذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُ\n\n٥١٠٧ - كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَرْوِي أَنَّهُ يَبِيتُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ زَمَانَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ أَعْزُبُ، وَمَسَاكِنِ أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ","vol":"3","page":405},{"text":"٥١٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَنَامُ وَهُوَ شَابٌّ عَزَبٌ لَا أَهْلَ لَهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ،\n\n٥١٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ النَّوْمِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقَالَ: «فَأَيْنَ كَانَ أَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ؟ يَعْنِي يَنَامُونَ فِيهِ»","vol":"3","page":405},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-251>الصَّلَاةُ فِي أَعْطَانِ الْإِبِلِ وَمُرَاحِ الْغَنَمِ</span>\n٥١١٠ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَفَأُصَلِّي فِي مَرَابِضِ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: أَفَأُصَلِّي فِي مَبَارَكِ الْإِبِلِ؟ قَالَ: «لَا»","vol":"3","page":406},{"text":"٥١١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَّاجُ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ كَرِيزٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ أَوْ مَعْقِلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٤٠٧⦘: «إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْكُمُ الصَّلَاةُ، وَأَنْتُمْ بِأَمْرَاحِ الْغَنَمِ فَصَلُّوا فِيهَا، فَإِنَّهَا سَكِينَةٌ، وَبَرَكَةٌ، وَإِذَا أَدْرَكَتْكُمُ الصَّلَاةُ وَأَنْتُمْ فِي أَعْطَانِ الْإِبِلِ فَاخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا، فَصَلُّوا، فَإِنَّهَا جِنٌّ، مِنْ جِنٍّ خُلِقَتْ، أَلَا تَرَوْنَهَا إِذَا نَفَرَتْ كَيْفَ تَشْمَخُ بِأَنْفِهَا»\n\n٥١١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الشَّكُّ أَظُنُّهُ مِنْ جِهَةِ الرَّبِيعِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ مُغَفَّلٍ، بِالْغَيْنِ وَالْفَاءِ، بِلَا شَكٍّ،\n\n٥١١٣ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ مُخْتَصَرًا،\n\n٥١١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ،\n\n٥١١٥ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذِكْرِ مَعْنَاهُ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَالْمُرَاحُ: مَا طَابَتْ تُرْبَتُهُ، وَاسْتَعْلَتْ أَرْضُهُ، وَاسْتَنْدَى مِنْ مَهَبِّ الشِّمَالِ مَوْضِعُهُ،\n\n٥١١٦ - وَالْعَطَنُ: قُرْبُ الْبِئْرِ الَّتِي تَسْتَقِي بِهَا، يَكُونُ الْبِئْرُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ، وَالْحَوْضُ قَرِيبًا مِنْهَا، فَيُصِيبُ فِيهِ، فَيَمْلَأُ، فَتُسْقَى الْإِبِلُ، ثُمَّ تُنَحَّى عَنِ الْبِئْرِ شَيْئًا، حَتَّى تَجِدَ الْوَارِدَةُ مَوْضِعًا، فَذَلِكَ الْعَطَنُ، لَيْسَ أَنَّ الْعَطَنَ مُرَاحُ الْإِبِلِ، الَّذِي تَبِيتُ فِيهِ بِعَيْنِهِ، وَلَا الْمُرَاحَ مُرَاحُ الْغَنَمِ الَّذِي تَبِيتُ فِيهِ دُونَ مَا قَارَبَهُ،\n\n٥١١٧ - وَفِي وَقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا تُصَلُّوا فِي أَعْطَانِ الْإِبِلِ، فَإِنَّهَا جِنٌّ، مِنْ جِنِّ خُلِقَتْ»، دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْهَا، كَمَا قَالَ حِينَ نَامَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ: «اخْرُجُوا بِنَا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَادِي، فَإِنَّهُ وَادٍ بِهِ شَيْطَانٌ»، فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قُرْبَ شَيْطَانٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ، قُرْبَ الْإِبِلِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا خُلِقَتْ مِنْ جِنٍّ، لَا لِنَجَاسَةِ مَوْضِعِهَا ⦗٤٠٨⦘،\n\n٥١١٨ - وَقَالَ فِي الْغَنَمِ: «هِيَ مِنْ دَوَابِّ الْجَنَّةِ»، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُصَلَّى فِي مُرَاحِهَا،\n\n٥١١٩ - يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ مُرَاحِهَا الَّذِي لَا بَعْرَ وَلَا بَوْلَ فِيهِ،\n\n٥١٢٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «وَأَكْرَهُ لَهُ الصَّلَاةَ فِي أَعْطَانِ الْإِبِلِ»، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا قَذَرٌ، لِنَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٥١٢١ - فَإِنْ صَلَّى أَجْزَأَهُ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى، فَمَرَّ بِهِ شَيْطَانٌ، فَخَنَقَهُ، حَتَّى وَجَدَ بَرْدَ لِسَانِهِ عَلَى يَدِهِ، وَلَمْ يُفْسِدْ ذَلِكَ صَلَاتَهُ،\n\n٥١٢٢ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنْ نَهْيَهُ أَنْ يُصَلَّى فِي أَعْطَانِ الْإِبِلِ، لِأَنَّهَا جِنٌّ كَقَوْلِهِ: «اخْرُجُوا بِنَا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَادِي، فَإِنَّهُ وَادٍ بِهِ شَيْطَانٌ» اخْتِيَارٌ،\n\n٥١٢٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: مَعَ أَنَّ الْإِبِلَ نَفْسَهَا، إِنَّمَا تَعْمِدُ فِي الْبُرُوكِ إِلَى أَدْقَعِ مَكَانٍ تَجِدُهُ، وَأَوْسَخِهِ، وَلَيْسَ مَا كَانَ هَذَا مِنْ مَوَاضِعِ الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي النَّظَافَةِ لِلْمُصَلَّيَاتِ،\n\n٥١٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ،\n\n٥١٢٥ - وَقَدْ يَذْهَبُ النَّاسُ إِلَى الْإِبِلِ يَسْتَتِرُونَ بِهَا قَضَاءً لِحَاجَتِهِمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ، وَيَسْتُرُ الْبَعِيرُ مَنْ دَنَا مِنْهُ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ فِي الشَّاةِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «جُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا، وَطَهُورًا»، فَعَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مِنْهَا مَا لَا نَجَاسَةَ فِيهِ ⦗٤٠٩⦘،\n\n٥١٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَا حَدِيثُ الْوَادِي، فَقَدْ مَضَى فِي مَسْأَلَةِ قَضَاءِ الْفَائِتَةِ،\n\n٥١٢٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ فِي خَنْقِ الشَّيْطَانِ.\n\n٥١٢٨ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ فِي الْغَنَمِ: «هِيَ مِنْ دَوَابِّ الْجَنَّةِ»، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، وَأَبِي زُرْعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٥١٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ مَوْقُوفًا، وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا، وَالْمَوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ","vol":"3","page":406},{"text":"٥١٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَضْرَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هَنَاءٍ الرِّفَاعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَمَانٍ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «امْسَحُوا رُعَامَ الْغَنَمِ، وَطَيِّبُوا مُرَاحَهَا، وَصَلُّوا فِي جَانِبِ مُرَاحِهَا، فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ دَوَابِّ الْجَنَّةِ»\n\n٥١٣١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى إِلَى بَعِيرٍ»،\n\n٥١٣٢ - وَهَذَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَلَاةً فِي مَوْضِعِ الْإِبِلِ، فَهِيَ صَلَاةٌ قُرْبَ الْإِبِلِ","vol":"3","page":409},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-252>بَابُ السَّاعَةِ الَّتِي يَكْرَهُ فِيهَا صَلَاةُ التَّطَوُّعِ، وَيَجُوزُ فِيهَا الْفَرِيضَةُ وَالْقَضَاءُ وَالْجَنَازَةُ، الْأَوْقَاتُ الَّتِي نُهِيَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِيهَا</span>","vol":"3","page":410},{"text":"٥١٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ، وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ، حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ» ⦗٤١١⦘، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٥١٣٤ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٥١٣٥ - وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ⦗٤١٢⦘،\n\n٥١٣٦ - وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":410},{"text":"٥١٣٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَتَحَرَّى أَحَدُكُمْ فَيُصَلِّيَ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، وَلَا عِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":412},{"text":"٥١٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ⦗٤١٣⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنَابِحِيّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ تَطْلُعُ وَمَعَهَا قَرْنُ الشَّيْطَانِ، فَإِذَا ارْتَفَعَتْ فَارَقَهَا، فَإِذَا اسْتَوَتْ قَارَبَهَا، فَإِذَا زَالَتْ فَارَقَهَا، فَإِذَا دَنَتْ لِلْغُرُوبِ قَارَبَهَا، فَإِذَا غَرَبَتْ فَارَقَهَا» ⦗٤١٥⦘،\n\n٥١٣٩ - وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَاتِ،\n\n٥١٤٠ - هَكَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ،\n\n٥١٤١ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ\n\n٥١٤٢ - قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: الصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ مَعْمَرٍ وَهُوَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُسَيْلَةَ الصُّنَابِحِيُّ\n\n٥١٤٣ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٥١٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى نَهْيَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيُّ ⦗٤١٦⦘،\n\n٥١٤٥ - وَرَوَى نَهْيَهُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَاتِ، وَبَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ، وَبَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبَسَةَ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٥١٤٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":412},{"text":"٥١٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ، أَنَّ طَاوُسًا أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، فَنَهَاهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ طَاوُسٌ: فَقُلْتُ مَا أَدَعُهُمَا، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: \" ﴿مَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٦] \"","vol":"3","page":416},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-253>مَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى اخْتِصَاصِ هَذَا النَّهْيِ بِبَعْضِ الصَّلَوَاتِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ</span>","vol":"3","page":417},{"text":"٥١٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" نَهْيُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، يَعْنِي فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَاتِ لَيْسَ عَلَى كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، ْ لَزِمَتِ الْمُصَلِّي بِوَجْهٍ مِنَ الْوجُوهِ، أَوْ تَكُونُ صَلَاةً مُؤَكَّدَةً فَأَمَرَ بِهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرْضًا، أَوْ صَلَاةً كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُصَلِّيهَا ⦗٤١٨⦘ فَأَغْفَلَهَا، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الصَّلَوَاتِ صُلِّيَتْ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَوْقَاتِ بِالدِّلَالَةِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ إِجْمَاعِ النَّاسِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ وَالصُّبْحِ،\n\n٥١٤٩ - قَالَ: وَهَذَا مِثْلُ الْحَدِيثِ، يَعْنِي فِي نَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَنْ صِيَامِ الْيَوْمِ قَبْلَ رَمَضَانَ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ صَوْمَ رَجُلٍ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ \"","vol":"3","page":417},{"text":"٥١٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَعَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، يُحَدِّثُونَهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الصُّبْحِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الصُّبْحَ، وَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الْعَصْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْعَصْرَ» ⦗٤١٩⦘، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٥١٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَرِضْوَانُهُ: فَالْعِلْمُ يُحِيطُ أَنَّ الْمُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الصُّبْحِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، وَالْمُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الْعَصْرِ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ قَدْ صَلَّيَاهَا مَعًا فِي وَقْتَيْنِ يَجْمَعَانِ تَحْرِيمَ وَقْتَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا جَعَلَهُ مُدْرِكًا لِلصُّبْحِ وَالْعَصْرِ اسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ نَهْيَهُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَوْقَاتِ عَلَى النَّوَافِلِ، الَّتِي لَا تَلْزَمُ\n\n٥١٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَدْرَكَ أَوَّلَ سَجْدَةٍ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ فَلْيُتِمَّ صَلَاتَهُ»،\n\n٥١٥٣ - وَبِذَلِكَ كَانَ يُفْتِي أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"3","page":418},{"text":"٥١٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ نَامَ، أَوْ غَفَلَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَةً مِنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، وَالْأُخْرَى بَعْدَ طُلُوعِهَا، فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَهَا، وَمَنْ نَامَ، أَوْ غَفَلَ، عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدُ، فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَهَا» ⦗٤٢٠⦘\n\n٥١٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: فَإِذَا كَانَتْ فَتْوَاهُ بِهَذَا وَرِوَايَتُهُ، مَا ذَكَرْنَا وَهُوَ أَحَدُ رُوَاةِ النَّهْيِ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَاتِ، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ دَعْوَى نَسْخِ مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ فِي الْإِدْرَاكِ بِمَا رَوَاهُ فِي النَّهْيِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَارِيخٍ وَلَا سَبَبٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّسْخِ؟","vol":"3","page":419},{"text":"٥١٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَعَرَّسَ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَا رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ يَكْلَأُنَا اللَّيْلَةَ، لَا نَرْقُدُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ؟»، فَقَالَ بِلَالٌ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: «فَاسْتَنَدَ بِلَالٌ إِلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ وَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْفَجْرُ، فَلَمْ يَفْزَعُوا إِلَّا بَحَرِّ الشَّمْسِ فِي وجُوهِهِمْ»، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا بِلَالُ»، فَقَالَ بِلَالٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَخَذَ بِنَفْسِي الَّذِي أَخَذَ بِنَفْسِكَ قَالَ: فَتَوَضَّأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ، ثُمَّ اقْتَادُوا شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ","vol":"3","page":420},{"text":"٥١٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، نَامَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَصَلَّاهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤] \"","vol":"3","page":420},{"text":"٥١٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ قَفَلَ مِنْ غَزْوَةِ خَيْبَرَ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ التَّعْرِيسِ، وَفِي آخِرِهِ: فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ: \" مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤] \" قَالَ يُونُسُ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ يَقْرَؤُهَا كَذَلِكَ،\n\n٥١٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ حَمُوكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ\n\n٥١٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مَرْوِيٌّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ، وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":421},{"text":"٥١٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ ح،\n\n٥١٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً، أَوْ نَامَ عَنْهَا، فَإِنَّ كَفَّارَتَهَا، أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا» ⦗٤٢٢⦘، لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ\n\n٥١٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ","vol":"3","page":421},{"text":"٥١٦٤ - وَرَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْقَرَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ، ح\n\n٥١٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، فَذَكَرَاهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ،\n\n٥١٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ الْأَحْوَلُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ الْبَاهِلِيُّ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ⦗٤٢٣⦘، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرْقُدُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، أَوْ يَغْفُلُ عَنْهَا، قَالَ: «فَكَفَّارَتُهَا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا»\n\n٥١٦٧ - قَالَ يَزِيدُ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَبْلَ أَنْ أَلْقَى الْحَجَّاجَ","vol":"3","page":422},{"text":"٥١٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْجَهْضَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِذَا رَقَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَنِ الصَّلَاةٍ، أَوْ غَفَلَ عَنْهَا، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤] \"،\n\n٥١٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْوَرَّاقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَكَّامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَصِيرُ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ كَمَا مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ.\n\n٥١٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ وَقْتًا لَهَا، وَأَخْبَرَ بِهِ، عَنِ اللَّهِ ﷿، لَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ مِنَ الْأَوْقَاتِ، يَدَعُهَا فِيهِ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِهَا","vol":"3","page":423},{"text":"٥١٧١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ التَّعْرِيسِ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِي النَّوْمِ تَفْرِيطٌ، وَلَكِنَّ التَّفْرِيطَ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ صَلَاةً، حَتَّى يَجِيءَ وَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى، فَمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا حِينَ يَنْتَبِهُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْغَدُ، فَلْيُصَلِّهَا عِنْدَ وَقْتِهَا»\n\n٥١٧٢ - قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ فِي آخِرِهِ: قَالَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ، شَهِدْتُ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ، فَمَا شَعَرْتُ أَحَدًا يَحْفَظُهُ، كَمَا حَفِظْتُهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"3","page":424},{"text":"٥١٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: رَآنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَاتَانِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ يَا قَيْسُ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ صَلَّيْتُ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ، فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٥١٧٤ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ قَيْسٍ جَدِّ سَعْدٍ ⦗٤٢٥⦘\n\n٥١٧٥ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَكَانَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ يَرْوِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ سَعْدٍ\n\n٥١٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،\n\n٥١٧٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n٥١٧٨ - ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ فِيهِ: قَيْسُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: قَيْسُ بْنُ قَهْدٍ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَصَحُّ،\n\n٥١٧٩ - قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: هُوَ قَيْسُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَهْلٍ، جَدُّ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ\n\n٥١٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يَحْيَى وَسَعْدٌ أَخَوَانِ","vol":"3","page":424},{"text":"٥١٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: قَدِمَ مُعَاوِيَةُ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَبَيْنَا هُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، إِذْ قَالَ: يَا كَثِيرُ بْنَ الصَّلْتِ، اذْهَبْ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَسَلْهَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ: فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ، وَبَعَثَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ مَعَنَا، قَالَ: اذْهَبْ، فَاسْمَعْ مَا تَقُولُ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ: فَجَاءَهَا فَسَأَلَهَا، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ عَائِشَةُ: لَا عِلْمَ لِي، وَلَكِنِ اذْهَبْ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَسَلْهَا، قَالَ: فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَسَأَلَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، فَصَلَّى عِنْدِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، لَمْ أَكُنْ أُرَاهُ يُصَلِّيهُمَا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدْ صَلَّيْتَ صَلَاةً، لَمْ أَكُنْ أَرَاكَ تُصَلِّيهَا، فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ، وَإِنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَيَّ وَفْدُ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٌ فَشَغَلُونِي عَنْهُمَا، فَهُمَا هَاتَانِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ»\n\n٥١٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ، قَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ مُخْتَصَرًا، وَرَوَاهُ ذَكْوَانُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ كُرَيْبٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ","vol":"3","page":426},{"text":"٥١٨٣ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ إِمْلَاءً، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قِرَاءَةً، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْمَرْوَرُّوذِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ ⦗٤٢٧⦘ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَزْهَرَ، وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ، أَرْسَلُوهُ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالُوا: اقْرَأْ ﵍ مِنَّا جَمِيعًا، وَسَلْهَا عَنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، وَقُلْ لَهَا: إِنَّا أُخْبِرْنَا أَنَّكِ تُصَلِّيهَا، وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْهَا \"، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَكُنْتُ أَضْرِبُ مَعَ عُمَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ كُرَيْبٌ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهَا، وَبَلَّغْتُهَا مَا أَرْسَلُونِي بِهِ، فَقَالَتْ: سَلْ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ، فَخَرَجْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمْ بِقَوْلِهَا، فَرَدُّونِي إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، بِمِثْلِ مَا أَرْسَلُونِي بِهِ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْهَى عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّيهَا، أَمَّا حِينَ صَلَّاهَا فَإِنَّهُ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ وَعِنْدِي نِسْوَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي حَرَامٍ، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَصَلَّاهُمَا، فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَيْهِ جَارِيَةً، وَقُلْتُ: قَوْمِي بِجَنْبِهِ وَقُولِي: تَقُولُ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُكَ تَنْهَى عَنْ هَاتَيْنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَأَرَاكَ تُصَلِّيهِمَا؟ فَإِنْ أَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ فَاسْتَأْخِرِي عَنْهُ، قَالَتْ: فَفَعَلَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ، فَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ فَاسْتَأْخَرَتْ عَنْهُ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «يَا ابْنَةَ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، سَأَلْتِ عَنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، أَنَّهُ أَتَانِي نَاسٌ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ بِإِسْلَامِ قَوْمِهِمْ، فَشَغَلُونِي عَنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ فَهُمَا هَاتَانِ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ\n\n٥١٨٤ - وَهَذَا صَرِيحٌ فِي أَنَّ قَضَاءَ هَاتَيْنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، كَانَ بَعْدَ النَّهْيِ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَنِ ادَّعَى تَصْحِيحَ الْآثَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ دَعْوَى النَّسْخِ فِيهِ، فَأَتَى بِرِوَايَةٍ ضَعِيفَةٍ، عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَفَنَقْضِيهِمَا إِذَا فَاتَتَا؟ قَالَ: «لَا»، وَاعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهَا فِي رَدِّ مَا رُوِّينَا ⦗٤٢٨⦘،\n\n٥١٨٥ - وَمَعْلُومٌ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، يَرْوِيهِ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْأَزْرَقِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ دُونَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةِ،\n\n٥١٨٦ - فَذَكْوَانُ إِنَّمَا حَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَعَائِشَةُ، حَمَلَتْهُ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ تَرْوِيهِ مَرَّةً عَنْهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَتُرْسِلُهُ أُخْرَى،\n\n٥١٨٧ - وَكَانَتْ تَرَى مُدَاوَمَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَيْهِمَا، فَكَانَتْ تَحْكِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أَثْبَتَهَا، قَالَتْ: «وَكَانَ إِذَا صَلَّى صَلَاةً أَثْبَتَهَا»،\n\n٥١٨٨ - وَقَالَتْ: «مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، رَكْعَتَيْنِ عِنْدِي بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ قَطُّ»،\n\n٥١٨٩ - وَكَانَتْ تَرَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّيَهَا فِي بُيُوتِ نِسَائِهِ، وَلَا يُصَلِّيَهَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ تَثْقُلَ عَلَى أُمَّتِهِ، وَكَانَ يُحِبُّ مَا خُفِّفَ عَنْهُمْ ⦗٤٢٩⦘،\n\n٥١٩٠ - فَهَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارُ تُشِيرُ إِلَى اخْتِصَاصِهِ بِإِثْبَاتِهَا لَا إِلَى أَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ،\n\n٥١٩١ - هَذَا، وَطَاوُسٌ يَرْوِي عَنْهَا، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: وَهِمَ عُمَرُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنْ يَتَحَرَّى طُلُوعَ الشَّمْسِ، وَغُرُوبَهَا،\n\n٥١٩٢ - وَكَأَنَّهَا لَمَّا رَأَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَثْبَتَهُمَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ ذَهَبَتْ فِي النَّهْيِ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ،\n\n٥١٩٣ - وَلَوْ كَانَ عِنْدَهَا مَا يَرْوُونَ عَنْهَا فِي رِوَايَةِ ذَكْوَانَ، وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ فِي حَدِيثِ الْقَضَاءِ، لَمَا وَقَعَ هَذَا الِاشْتِبَاهُ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى خَطَأِ تِلْكَ اللَّفْظَةِ.\n\n٥١٩٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ وَيَنْهَى عَنْهَا، وَيُوَاصِلُ وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْوِصَالِ»، فَهَذَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَى اسْتِدَامَتِهِ لَهُمَا، لَا إِلَى أَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ،\n\n٥١٩٥ - وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ قَيْسٍ فِي قَضَاءِ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا سُؤَالَ عَلَيْهِ، لِأَنَّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ بَعْدَ النَّهْيِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: «مَا هَاتَانِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ؟»، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَا صَنَعَ حِينَ أَخْبَرَهُ بِقَضَاءِ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ مَعْنًى يَدُلُّ عَلَى التَّخْصِيصِ.\n\n٥١٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ صَلَاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ: وَثَابِتٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ، أَدْوَمُهَا وَإِنْ قَلَّ»","vol":"3","page":426},{"text":"٥١٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَدْوَمُهَا، وَإِنْ قَلَّ»\n\n٥١٩٨ - قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ، إِذَا عَمِلَتِ الْعَمَلَ لَزِمَتْهُ","vol":"3","page":430},{"text":"٥١٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أَنَّ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَهُ فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا عَمِلَتْ عَمَلًا دَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ\n\n٥٢٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ الْمُدَاوَمَةَ عَلَى عَمِلٍ كَانَ يَعْمَلُهُ، فَلَمَّا شُغِلَ عَمِلَهُ للدَّوَامِ عَلَيْهِ فِي أَقْرَبِ الْأَوْقَاتِ لَيْسَ أَنَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَاجِبَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْعَصْرِ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ، إِنَّمَا هُمَا نَافِلَةٌ،\n\n٥٢٠١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى مَعَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، حِينَ صَلُّوا الصُّبْحَ\n\n٥٢٠٢ - وَعَنْ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، «أَنَّهُ صَلَّى عَلَى جَنَازَةٍ، وَالشَّمْسُ عَلَى أَطْرَافِ الْحِيطَانِ» ⦗٤٣١⦘\n\n٥٢٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ سَجَدَ لِلشُّكْرِ حِينَ بُشِّرَ بِتَوْبَةِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَعَلَى صَاحِبَيْهِ، بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"3","page":430},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-254>مَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّهْيَ يَخْتَصُّ بِبَعْضِ الْأَمْكِنَةِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ</span>","vol":"3","page":432},{"text":"٥٢٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَابَاهِ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ مَنْ وَلِيَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِ شَيْئًا فَلَا يَمْنَعَنَّ أَحَدًا طَافَ بِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ، وَصَلَّى أَيَّ سَاعَةٍ شَاءَ مِنَ لَيْلٍ أَوِ نَهَارٍ»،\n\n٥٢٠٥ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مَوْصُولٌ، وَقَدْ أَكَّدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ عَطَاءٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُرْسَلَةً ⦗٤٣٣⦘.\n\n٥٢٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، أَوْ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ لَا يُخَالِفُهُ، وَزَادَ عَطَاءٌ: «يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَوْ يَا بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، أَوْ يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ»","vol":"3","page":432},{"text":"٥٢٠٧ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ هُوَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، مَوْلَى عَفْرَاءَ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: قَدِمَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ مَكَّةَ، فَأَخَذَ بِعِضَادَتَيِ الْبَابِ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ عَرَفَنِي فَقَدْ عَرَفَنِي، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْنِي فَأَنَا جُنْدُبٌ أَبُو ذَرٍّ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، وَلَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ، إِلَّا بِمَكَّةَ، إِلَّا بِمَكَّةَ» ⦗٤٣٤⦘\n\n٥٢٠٨ - تَابَعَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، مَوْلَى عَفْرَاءَ،\n\n٥٢٠٩ - وَحَدِيثُ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ مُرْسَلٌ، وَهُوَ مَعَ مُرْسَلِ عَطَاءٍ يَتَأَكَّدُ أَحَدُهُمَا بِالْآخَرِ، مَعَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الْمَوْصُولِ الَّذِي أَقَامَ إِسْنَادُهُ سُفْيَانُ، وَهُوَ حَافِظٌ حَجَّةٌ، وَالَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُ دُونَهُ فِي الْحِفْظِ وَالْمَعْرِفَةِ","vol":"3","page":433},{"text":"٥٢١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّافِقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ قَالَ: «صَلَّى عُمَرُ الصُّبْحَ بِمَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ طَافَ سَبْعًا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِذِي طُوًى، وَطَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٥٢١١ - قَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى: قَالَ لِي الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: اتَّبَعَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ الزُّهْرِيَّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمِجَرَّةِ، يُرِيدُ لَزِمَ الطَّرِيقَ\n\n٥٢١٢ - قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا رَوَوَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَأَرَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ وَهِمَ، وَأَنَّ الصَّحِيحَ، مَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ","vol":"3","page":434},{"text":"٥٢١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ⦗٤٣٥⦘، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ  «يَضْرِبُ الْمُنْكَدِرَ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ»","vol":"3","page":434},{"text":"٥٢١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" سَمِعَ عُمَرَ، ﵁ النَّهْيَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ جُمْلَةً، وَضَرَبَ الْمُنْكَدِرَ عَلَيْهَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ، بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، وَلَمْ يُسْمَعْ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْهَا لِلْمَعْنَى الَّذِي وَصَفْنَاهُ، فَكَانَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ مَا فَعَلَ،\n\n٥٢١٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ يَعْنِي حِينَ صَنَعَ كَمَا صَنَعَ عُمَرُ،\n\n٥٢١٦ - وَيَجِبُ عَلَى مَنْ عَلِمَ الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي نُهِيَ عَنْهُ، وَالْمَعْنَى الَّذِي أُبِيحَتْ فِيهِ إِبَاحَتُهَا بِالْمَعْنَى الَّذِي أَبَاحَهَا فِيهِ،\n\n٥٢١٧ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَهَلْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ صَنَعَ خِلَافَ مَا صَنَعَا؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَائِشَةُ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا \"","vol":"3","page":435},{"text":"٥٢١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَنَا، وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ابْنَ عُمَرَ «طَافَ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ، وَصَلَّى قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ»","vol":"3","page":435},{"text":"٥٢١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُعْبَةَ: أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ  «طَافَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ وَصَلَّيَا»","vol":"3","page":435},{"text":"٥٢٢٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، «طَافَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ وَصَلَّى»\n\n٥٢٢١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُبِيحُهَا بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ.\n\n٥٢٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ أَنَّهُ صَلَّاهُمَا قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَنْتُمْ تَقُولُونَ: لَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْبَلْدَةَ بَلْدَةٌ لَيْسَتْ كَغَيْرِهَا","vol":"3","page":436},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-255>مَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ، عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا النَّهْيَ يَخْتَصُّ بِبَعْضِ الْأَيَّامِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ</span>","vol":"3","page":437},{"text":"٥٢٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ، حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ، إِلَّا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»،\n\n٥٢٢٤ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْجُمُعَةِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ\n\n٥٢٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٢٢٦ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٤٣٨⦘،\n\n٥٢٢٧ - وَأَشَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، إِلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"3","page":437},{"text":"٥٢٢٨ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْبَيْرُونِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْجَوْنِ الْعَنْسِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ الْبَصْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ الْعَبْدِيِّ أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ الدَّوْسِيِّ، صَاحِبَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَا: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَنْهَى عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ، إِلَّا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»","vol":"3","page":438},{"text":"٥٢٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الصَّلَاةَ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ، إِلَّا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ تُسْجَرُ إِلَّا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»،\n\n٥٢٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٢٣١ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ: أَبُو الْخَلِيلِ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ\n\n٥٢٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرِوَايَةُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِمَا مَنْ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهَا إِذَا انْضَمَّتْ إِلَى رِوَايَةِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ أَخَذَتْ بَعْضَ الْقُوَّةِ ⦗٤٣٩⦘.\n\n٥٢٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مِنْ شَأْنِ النَّاسِ، التَّهْجِيرُ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ إِلَى خُرُوجِ الْإِمَامِ\n\n٥٢٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَوْجُودٌ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الصَّحِيحَةِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَغَّبَ فِي التَّبْكِيرِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِي الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى خُرُوجِ الْإِمَامِ مِنْ غَيْرِ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ،\n\n٥٢٣٥ - وَذَلِكَ يُوَافِقُ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ الَّتِي أُبِيحَتْ فِيهَا الصَّلَاةُ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَرُوِّينَا الرُّخْصَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَمَكْحُولٍ","vol":"3","page":438},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-256>فَصْلٌ فِيمَا رُوِيَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁، ثُمَّ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ</span>","vol":"3","page":440},{"text":"٥٢٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي مُخَالَفَةِ عَلِيٍّ حِكَايَةً، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ يَسَافٍ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ الْأَجْدَعِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُصَلُّوا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، إِلَّا أَنْ تُصَلُّوا وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ»","vol":"3","page":440},{"text":"٥٢٣٧ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ ⦗٤٤١⦘، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يُصَلِّي دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ، رَكْعَتَيْنِ، إِلَّا الْعَصْرَ وَالصُّبْحَ»\n\n٥٢٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ","vol":"3","page":440},{"text":"٥٢٣٩ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا مَعَ عَلِيٍّ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فُسْطَاطَهُ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٥٢٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذِهِ أَحَادِيثُ يُخَالِفُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا.\n\n٥٢٤١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ، يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَانَ يَفْعَلُهُمَا، فَتَرَكَهُمَا ثُمَّ قَضَاهُمَا كَمَا رُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٤٤٢⦘،\n\n٥٢٤٢ - وَأَمَا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي فَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ الْأَحَادِيثَ الثَّابِتَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ وَالْعَصْرِ،\n\n٥٢٤٣ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ فَهُوَ مُخَالِفٌ لَهُ وَلَهَا،\n\n٥٢٤٤ - وَوَهْبُ بْنُ الْأَجْدَعِ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ، فَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ مَا يُخَالِفُ فِيهِ الْحُفَّاظَ الْأَثْبَاتَ، كَيْفَ وَهُمْ عَدَدٌ، وَهُوَ وَاحِدٌ؟","vol":"3","page":441},{"text":"٥٢٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، وَبَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ إِذَا صُلِّيَتَا لِوَقْتِهِمَا»،\n\n٥٢٤٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرَيْنِ، لَمْ يَأْذَنْ فِيهَا عِنْدَ الْغُرُوبِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ، وَلَا عِنْدَ الطُّلُوعِ حَتَّى تَرْتَفِعَ،\n\n٥٢٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"3","page":442},{"text":"٥٢٤٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ تَبِعَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ:  «ثَلَاثُ سَاعَاتٍ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْهَى أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ فِيهِنَّ، أَوْ نَقْبُرَ فِيهِنَّ مَوْتَانَا، حِينَ تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ بَازِغَةً حَتَّى ⦗٤٤٣⦘ تَرْتَفِعَ، وَحِينَ يَقُومُ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ حَتَّى تَمِيلَ الشَّمْسُ، وَحِينَ تَضَيَّفُ الشَّمْسُ لِلْغُرُوبِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ»\n\n٥٢٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ، سَمِعْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى\n\n٥٢٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ رَوْحُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُلَيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ، قُلْتُ لِعُقْبَةَ: أَنَدْفِنُ بِاللَّيْلِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَدْ دُفِنَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِاللَّيْلِ\n\n٥٢٥١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: النَّهْيُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَوْقَاتِ عَامٌ، وَهُوَ مَخْصُوصٌ، عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ لَا سَبَبَ لَهَا، وَنَهْيُهُ عَنِ الْقَبْرِ فِيهِنَّ لَا يَتَنَاوَلُ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى كَرَاهِيَةِ الدَّفْنِ فِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَاتِ","vol":"3","page":442},{"text":"٥٢٥٢ - وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَدْ أَجَابَ عَنْهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «النَّهْيَ أَنْ يَتَحَرَّى أَحَدٌ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عِنْدِ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، وَعِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا، فَذَهَبَ أَنَّ النَّهْيَ مُطْلَقٌ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، فَنَهَى عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ وَالْعَصْرِ»، لِأَنَّا لَمْ نَعْلَمْهُ رَوَى النَّهْيَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَاتِ ⦗٤٤٤⦘،\n\n٥٢٥٣ - فَمَنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ وَالْعَصْرِ، كَمَا نَهَى عَنْهَا عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، وَعِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا لَزِمَهُ مَا قُلْتُ: أَنْ يَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْهَا فِيمَا لَا يَلْزَمُ،\n\n٥٢٥٤ - وَمَنْ رَوَى فَعَلِمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، كَانَ يُصَلِّيهِمَا بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ فَشُغِلَ عَنْهُمَا، وَأَقَرَّ قَيْسًا عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ لَزِمَهُ، أَنْ يَقُولَ: نَهَى عَنْهَا فِيمَا لَا يَلْزَمُ، وَلَمْ يَنْهَ الرَّجُلَ عَنْهُ فِيمَا اعْتَادَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ النَّافِلَةِ، وَفِيمَا يُؤَكَّدُ مِنْهَا،\n\n٥٢٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِيمَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.\n\n٥٢٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ لَا يُصَلِّي إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ خَفِيفَتَيْنِ» ⦗٤٤٥⦘\n\n٥٢٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ، إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ»\n\n٥٢٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٥٢٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٥٢٦٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقِيلَ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ، يُعَذِّبُنِي اللَّهُ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، وَلَكِنْ يُعَذِّبُكَ عَلَى خِلَافِ السُّنَّةِ»","vol":"3","page":443},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-257>بَابُ صَلَاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ، وَقِيَامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، الْوِتْرُ تَطَوَّعٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ</span>","vol":"3","page":446},{"text":"٥٢٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ»، فَقَالَ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهَا؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ» ⦗٤٤٧⦘\n\n٥٢٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَفَرَائِضُ الصَّلَوَاتِ خَمْسٌ، وَمَا سِوَاهَا تَطَوَّعٌ، وَأَوْتَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ مَكْتُوبَةً عَلِمْنَاهُ عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ","vol":"3","page":446},{"text":"٥٢٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يُسَبِّحُ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، قِبَلَ أَيِّ وَجْهٍ تَوَجَّهَ، وَيُوتِرُ عَلَيْهَا، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَا الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٥٢٦٤ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي الْجُزْءِ الْأَوَّلِ وِتْرَ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٤٤٨⦘،\n\n٥٢٦٥ - وَنُزُولُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ لِوِتْرِهِ لَا يَرْفَعُ جَوَازَهُ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ دَعْوَى النَّسْخِ فِيمَا رُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا رُوِيَ فِي تَأْكِيدِ الْوِتْرِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَارِيخٍ، وَلَا سَبَبٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّسْخِ،\n\n٥٢٦٦ - وَمَا رُوِيَ فِي تَأْكِيدِ الْوِتْرِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَا شَرَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْوِتْرَ، وَإِنَّمَا صَلَّاهَا عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، بَعْدَ مَا شَرَعَهَا، وَأَخْبَرَ أُمَّتَهُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ بِهَا إِنْ ثَبَتَ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْهُ، فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ نَاسِخًا لِمَا صَنَعَ فِيهَا بَعْدَهُ\n\n٥٢٦٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْوِتْرُ لَيْسَ بِحَتْمٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ سَنَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ اللَّهَ وِتْرٌ يُحِبُّ الْوِتْرَ»\n\n٥٢٦٨ - وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: «أَوْتِرُوا يَا أَهْلَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ وِتْرٌ يُحِبُّ الْوِتْرَ»\n\n٥٢٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ وِتْرٌ يُحِبُّ الْوِتْرَ، فَأَوْتِرُوا يَا أَهْلَ الْقُرْآنِ»، فَقَالَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ: مَا تَقُولُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ لَكَ، وَلَا لِأَصْحَابِكَ» ⦗٤٤٩⦘\n\n٥٢٧٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْوِتْرِ، فَقَالَ أَمْرٌ حَسَنٌ جَمِيلٌ، عَمِلَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَلَيْسَ بِوَاجِبٍ،\n\n٥٢٧١ - وَحَدِيثَهُ الْآخَرُ فِي تَكْذِيبِ مَنْ قَالَ الْوِتْرُ وَاجِبٌ، وَاسْتِدْلَالُهُ بِالْخَبَرِ قَدْ مَضَى فِي أَوَّلِ كِتَابِ الصَّلَاة\n\n٥٢٧٢ - ِ وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي الْمُنِيبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْوِتْرُ حَقٌّ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يُوتِرْ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا»\n\n٥٢٧٣ - يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ أَبُو الْمُنِيبِ الْعَتَكِيُّ، قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: عِنْدَهُ مَنَاكِيرُ\n\n٥٢٧٤ - وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُرَّةَ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ حُذَافَةَ الْعَدَوِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَمَدَّكُمْ بِصَلَاةٍ هِيَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ مِنْ حُمُرِ النَّعَمِ، وَهِيَ لَكُمْ مَا بَيْنَ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ، الْوِتْرَ الْوِتْرَ» مَرَّتَيْنِ ⦗٤٥٠⦘\n\n٥٢٧٥ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: لَا يُعْرَفُ لِإِسْنَادِهِ سَمَاعُ بَعْضِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ\n\n٥٢٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ بَعْضُ مَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَأَسَانِيدُهُ ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٥٢٧٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْجَامِعِ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْمَتْنِ فِي رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٥٢٧٨ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ يَقُولُ: فِي صَلَاةِ الْمُنْفَرِدُ تَطَوُّعًا بَعْضُهَا أَوْكَدُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، وَأَوْكَدُ ذَلِكَ الْوِتْرُ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ: لِمَا رُوِيَ فِي تَأْكِيدِهَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ ⦗٤٥١⦘،\n\n٥٢٧٩ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَوْكَدُ النَّافِلَةِ رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ\n\n٥٢٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنَ النَّوَافِلِ أَشَدَّ مُعَاهَدَةً مِنْهُ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الصُّبْحِ، وَقَالَ: «رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا»\n\n٥٢٨١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَدَعُوهُمَا وَإِنْ طَرَدَتْكُمُ الْخَيْلُ»","vol":"3","page":447},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-258>النَّوَافِلُ الْمُرَتَّبَةُ عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ</span>\n٥٢٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ وَالرَّبِيعِ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الصُّبْحَ، وَإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً بِاللَّيْلِ». لَا أُحِبُّ لِأَحَدٍ تَرْكَ شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"4","page":5},{"text":"٥٢٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ⦗٦⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَبَعْدَهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَبَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَبَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَبَعْدَ الْجُمُعَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَأَمَّا الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْعِشَاءُ وَالْجُمُعَةُ فَفِي بَيْتِهِ»\n\n٥٢٨٤ - قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَتْنِي حَفْصَةُ أَنَّهُ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ خَفِيفَتَيْنِ إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ، وَكَانَتْ سَاعَةً لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى\n\n٥٢٨٥ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ \" صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ التَّطَوُّعِ فَقَالَتْ: كَانَ يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ أَرْبَعًا فِي بَيْتِي، ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ فَيُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ \". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ سَائِرَ الرَّكَعَاتِ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْجُمُعَةَ ⦗٧⦘،\n\n٥٢٨٦ - وَثَبَتَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْتَشِرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَا يَدَعُ أَرْبَعًا قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ».\n\n٥٢٨٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ صَلَّى ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً بَنَى اللَّهُ لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ». فَذَكَرَ الْأَعْدَادَ الَّتِي فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٥٢٨٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ حَافَظَ عَلَى أَرْبَعِ رَكَعَاتٍ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ وَأَرْبَعٍ بَعْدَهَا حُرِّمَ عَلَى جَهَنَّمَ» ⦗٨⦘.\n\n٥٢٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ مِثْلَ الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى إِلَّا أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ فِي حَدِيثِهَا رَكْعَتَانِ قَبْلَ الْعَصْرِ بَدَلَ الْعِشَاءِ،\n\n٥٢٩٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «رَحِمَ اللَّهُ امْرَأً صَلَّى قَبْلَ الْعَصْرِ أَرْبَعًا»","vol":"4","page":5},{"text":"٥٢٩١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الطَّهَاوِيُّ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «بَيْنَ كُلِّ أَذَانَيْنِ صَلَاةٌ، بَيْنَ كُلِّ أَذَانَيْنِ صَلَاةٌ لِمَنْ شَاءَ» ⦗٩⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدٍ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ، وَكَهْمَسِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ.\n\n٥٢٩٢ - ورَوَاهُ حَيَّانُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «مَا خَلَا الْمَغْرِبَ».\n\n٥٢٩٣ - وَهَذَا مِنْهُ خَطَأٌ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَتْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ صَحِيحًا، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ كَهْمَسٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: فَكَانَ ابْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «صَلُّوا قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، صَلُّوا قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، صَلُّوا قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، لِمَنْ شَاءَ». خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَهَا النَّاسُ سُنَّةً،\n\n٥٢٩٤ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗١٠⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ\n\n٥٢٩٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ كِبَارُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَبْتَدِرُونَ السَّوَارِيَ يُصَلُّونَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ».\n\n٥٢٩٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُخْتَارِ بْنِ فُلْفُلٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ. قِيلَ: هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّاهُمَا؟ قَالَ: «قَدْ كَانَ يَرَانَا نُصَلِّيهِمَا، فَلَمْ يَأْمُرْنَا وَلَمْ يَنْهَنَا» ⦗١١⦘.\n\n٥٢٩٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ فِي فِعْلِهِمْ ذَلِكَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٥٢٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَرْكَعُونَهَا: عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَأَبِي أَيُّوبَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ\n\n٥٢٩٩ - وَإِسْنَادُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً بِاللَّيْلِ مَذْكُورٌ بَعْدَ هَذَا","vol":"4","page":8},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-259>وَقْتُ الْوِتْرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":12},{"text":"٥٣٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: مَنْ صَلَّى فِي اللَّيْلِ فَلْيَجْعَلْ آخِرَهُ وِتْرًا؛ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْفَجْرُ فَقَدْ ذَهَبَ صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ وَالْوِتْرُ؛ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَوْتِرُوا قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ»\n\n٥٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْأَزْرَقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٥٣٠٢ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَيُصَلِّي الْوِتْرَ مَا لَمْ يُصَلِّ الصُّبْحَ وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"4","page":12},{"text":"٥٣٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: \" الْوِتْرُ مَا بَيْنَ صَلَاتَيْنِ: صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ \"\n\n٥٣٠٤ - ورَوَاهُ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ.\n\n٥٣٠٥ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بِنْتِ مَنِيعٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي زُهَيْرٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"4","page":13},{"text":"٥٣٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا خَرَجَ حِينَ ثَوَّبَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ فَقَالَ: \" أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ عَنِ الْوِتْرِ؟ نِعْمَ سَاعَةُ الْوِتْرِ هَذِهِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: ﴿وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا عَسْعَسَ وَالصُّبْحِ إِذَا تَنَفَّسَ﴾ [التكوير: ١٨] \"\n\n٥٣٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ لَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا، أَوْ يَقُولُونَ: لَيْسَتْ هَذِهِ مِنْ سَاعَاتِ الْوِتْرِ\n\n٥٣٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: تَابَعَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَنْ نَامَ عَنْهَا، أَوْ نَسِيَهَا فَيُصَلِّيهَا قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ\n\n٥٣٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ فَلَا إِعَادَةَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n٥٣١٠ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: لَمْ يَقْضِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَمِلٌ فِي وَقْتٍ ⦗١٤⦘،\n\n٥٣١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَسِيَ صَلَوَاتٍ، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ قَضَاهُنَّ، فَذَكَرَ الْوِتْرَ فِيمَا قَضَى. فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «لَمْ تَكُنْ تَصْنَعُ بِالْوِتْرِ شَيْئًا»\n\n٥٣١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْوِتْرِ\n\n٥٣١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" الْوِتْرُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ: صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ وَصَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ \" فَأَخْبَرَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ وَقْتُ الْوِتْرِ.\n\n٥٣١٤ - فَمِنْ ثَمَّ زَعَمْنَا: أَنَّ الْوِتْرَ إِذَا زَالَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ، وَرَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ فِي النَّهَارِ، فَمِنْ ثَمَّ رَأَيْنَا لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهُمَا فِي النَّهَارِ،\n\n٥٣١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَصْبَحَ أَحَدُكُمْ وَلَمْ يُوتِرْ فَلْيُوتِرْ».\n\n٥٣١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ نَامَ عَنْ وِتْرِهِ أَوْ نَسِيَهُ فَلْيُصَلِّهِ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ أَوْ ذَكَرَهُ» ⦗١٥⦘\n\n٥٣١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَمَّنْ تَرَكَ الْوِتْرَ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ أَيُصَلِّيهَا؟ قَالَ: \" أَرَأَيْتَ لَوَ تَرَكْتَ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ كُنْتَ تُصَلِّيهَا؟ قَالَ: فَمَهْ. قَالَ: فَمَهْ \".\n\n٥٣١٨ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ: هَلْ بَعْدَ الْأَذَانِ وِتْرٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَبَعْدَ الْإِقَامَةِ، وَحَدَّثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ نَامَ عَنْ الصَّلَاةِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَصَلَّى \"\n\n٥٣١٩ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى قَضَاءِ الْوِتْرِ، وَهُوَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعِيدِ فِي كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ، وَفِي بَابِ النَّهْيِ عَنِ النَّافِلَةَ فِي الْأَوْقَاتِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ فِي قَضَاءِ مَا نَسِيَ مِنَ النَّوَافِلِ الَّتِي كَانَ يُصَلِّيهَا فَأَغْفَلَهَا","vol":"4","page":13},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-260>بَابُ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ</span>\n٥٣٢٠ - ثَبَتَ عَنْ حَفْصَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ «إِذَا سَكَتَ ⦗١٧⦘ الْمُؤَذِّنُ مِنَ الْأَذَانِ لِصَلَاةٍ الصُّبْحِ، وَبَدَا الصُّبْحُ رَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ خَفِيفَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقَامَ الصَّلَاةُ»\n\n٥٣٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَقَدْ أُقِيمَتْ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ فَلْيَدْخُلْ مَعَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَرْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ","vol":"4","page":16},{"text":"٥٣٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةُ»","vol":"4","page":17},{"text":"٥٣٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْمَيْمُونِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ يَقُولُ: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةُ»،\n\n٥٣٢٤ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «إِذَا قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ» ⦗١٩⦘.،\n\n٥٣٢٥ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ رَوْحٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَرْقَاءَ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٥٣٢٦ - وَرَفَعَهُ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ سِوَى هَؤُلَاءِ، فَلَئِنْ وَقَفَهُ مَرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يَخْرُجِ الْحَدِيثُ فِي الْأَصْلِ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"4","page":18},{"text":"٥٣٢٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَبْصَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا \" يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَقَدْ أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الصُّبْحُ أَرْبَعًا الصُّبْحُ أَرْبَعًا»\n\n٥٣٢٨ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ،\n\n٥٣٢٩ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ⦗٢٠⦘ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَفِيهِ: «مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ يُصَلِّي وَقَدْ أُقِيمَتْ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ»\n\n٥٣٣٠ - وَفِي هَذَا كَالْإِشَارَةِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ غَيْرَ مُتَّصِلٍ بِالصُّفُوفِ، وَهُوَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَرْجِسَ صَرِيحٌ","vol":"4","page":19},{"text":"٥٣٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ الْكِلَابِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْفَزَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمٌ الْأَحْوَلُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَرْجِسَ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ الْمَسْجِدَ فَصَلَّى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ فِي جَانِبِ الْمَسْجِدِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا فُلَانُ، بِأَيِّ صَلَاتَيْكَ اعْتَدَدْتَ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَحْدَكَ أَمْ بِصَلَاتِكَ مَعَنَا؟»\n\n٥٣٣٢ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ\n\n٥٣٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ وَقَالَ: فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ إِلَى الصَّفِّ.\n\n٥٣٣٤ - وَهَذَا يَرُدُّ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَنْكَرَهُ، لِاتِّصَالِهِ بِالصُّفُوفِ فِي حَالَةِ اشْتِغَالِهِ بِالرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، أَوْ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ بَيْنَ النَّفْلِ وَالْفَرْضِ فَصْلًا بِتَقَدُّمٍ أَوْ تَكَلُّمٍ؛ لِأَنَّ ⦗٢١⦘ هَذَا أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ صَلَّاهُمَا فِي جَانِبِ الْمَسْجِدِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَى الصَّفِّ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٥٣٣٥ - وَإِذَا ثَبَتَ الْحَدِيثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَا حُجَّةَ فِي فِعْلِ أَحَدٍ بَعْدَهُ.\n\n٥٣٣٦ - كَيْفَ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ «أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا رَأَى رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي وَهُوَ يَسْمَعُ الْإِقَامَةَ ضَرَبَهُ»؟\n\n٥٣٣٧ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ \" أَبْصَرَ رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَالْمُؤَذِّنُ يُقِيمُ فَحَصَبَهُ وَقَالَ: أَتُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ أَرْبَعًا؟ \"،\n\n٥٣٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلْيَرْكَعْهُمَا بَعْدَمَا يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ\n\n٥٣٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي هَذَا حَدِيثُ قَيْسٍ بِإِسْنَادِ الشَّافِعِيِّ\n\n٥٣٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِيمَنْ فَاتَتْهُ رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ: أَحْبَبْنَا لَهُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَهُمَا فِي يَوْمِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا مِنْ صَلَاةِ النَّهَارِ بَعْدَمَا تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ\n\n٥٣٤١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَى عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَضَاهُمَا بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"4","page":20},{"text":"٥٣٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ  «فَاتَتْهُ رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ فَصَلَّاهُمَا بَعْدَ أَنْ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ» ⦗٢٢⦘\n\n٥٣٤٣ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٥٣٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٥٣٤٥ - عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَرَوَيْنَا فِي قِصَّةِ التَّعْرِيسِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «حِينَ نَامَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ قَضَاهُمَا مَعَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ».\n\n٥٣٤٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «مَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ فَلْيُصَلِّهِمَا»\n\n٥٣٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَإِذَا لَمْ يُصَلِّهِمَا حَتَّى تُقَامَ الصَّلَاةُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: حَتَّى يُقَامَ الظُّهْرُ - لَمْ أُحِبَّ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهُمَا","vol":"4","page":21},{"text":"٥٣٤٨ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ:  «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةُ»\n\n٥٣٤٩ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الصَّائِغُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ مَوْقُوفًا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ: مَرْفُوعٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ⦗٢٣⦘.\n\n٥٣٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِيمَا مَضَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٥٣٥١ - وَالْمُزَنِّيُّ نَقَلَ مَتْنَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَقِبَ قَوْلِهِ: «حَتَّى يُقَامَ الظُّهْرُ». وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَقِبَ قَوْلِهِ: «حَتَّى تُقَامَ الصَّلَاةُ» وَأَرَادَ: صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ.\n\n٥٣٥٢ - فَقَدْ حَكَى عُقْبَةُ عَنْ بَعْضِ النَّاسِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يُصَلِّيهِمَا وَإِنْ فَاتَتْهُ الرَّكْعَتَانِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَذَا خِلَافُ الْأَثَرِ،\n\n٥٣٥٣ - ثُمَّ قَدْ حَكَيْنَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَحْبَبْنَا لَهُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَهُمَا فِي يَوْمِهِ مُطْلَقًا لَمْ يُقَيِّدْهُ\n\n٥٣٥٤ - وَلَكِنْ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ لَمْ تُعَادَا وَاسْتَحَبَّ الْقَضَاءَ عَلَى قُرْبِ الْوَقْتِ؛ لِلْأَثَرِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"4","page":22},{"text":"٥٣٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَنَّ السَّائِبَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ، وَعُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ أَخْبَرَاهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ نَامَ عَنْ حِزْبِهِ أَوْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فَقَرَأَهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَصَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، كُتِبَ لَهُ كَأَنَّمَا قَرَأَهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ» ⦗٢٤⦘\n\n٥٣٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ\n\n٥٣٥٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ «قَضَاءَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ شَغَلَهُ عَنْهُمَا الْوَفْدُ».\n\n٥٣٥٨ - فَقَضَاءُ النَّوَافِلِ بِهِ وَبِمَا ذَكَرْنَا حَتَّى صَارَ ذِكْرُهَا ثَابِتًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ الِاسْتِحْبَابُ لِقَضَائِهَا عَلَى الْقُرْبِ آكَدَ،\n\n٥٣٥٩ - وَقَدْ نَصَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى: اسْتِحْبَابِ الْقَضَاءِ فِي الْعِيدِ لِمَا ذُكِرَ فِيهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ثَابِتًا، وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى","vol":"4","page":23},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-261>صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى</span>\n٥٣٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا جَاءَ الْخَبَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الثَّابِتُ فِي صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ، وَقَدْ يُرْوَى عَنْهُ خَبَرٌ يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ مِثْلَهُ فِي صَلَاةِ النَّهَارِ،\n\n٥٣٦١ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ الْأَزْدِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: ٢ «صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى»","vol":"4","page":25},{"text":"٥٣٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَارِقِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، يَرَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ مَرْفُوعًا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ ⦗٢٧⦘،\n\n٥٣٦٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ.\n\n٥٣٦٤ - سُئِلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ حَدِيثِ يَعْلَى أَصَحِيحٌ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ\n\n٥٣٦٥ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: «كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ» لَا يُصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا لَا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُنَّ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ \"\n\n٥٣٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٥٣٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: «صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى» يُرِيدُ بِهِ: التَّطَوُّعَ\n\n٥٣٦٨ - وَلَا يَجُوزُ تَوْهِينُ رِوَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَارِقِيِّ بِرِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ: «صَلَّى بِالنَّهَارِ أَرْبَعًا لَا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُنَّ بِسَلَامٍ». لِجَوَازِ الْأَمْرَيْنِ عِنْدَ مَنْ يَحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَارِقِيِّ، وَيَكُونُ قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ مَحْمُولًا عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَذَلِكَ رَآهُ وَهُوَ الْأَفْضَلُ عِنْدَهُ، حَتَّى كَانَ أَكْثَرُ صَلَاتِهِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ، كَمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ إِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا،\n\n٥٣٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَيُسَلِّمُ مِنَ الرَّكْعَةِ وَالرَّكْعَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْوِتْرِ","vol":"4","page":26},{"text":"٥٣٧٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، ونَافِعٍ ⦗٢٨⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، فَإِذَا خَشِيَ أَحَدُكُمُ الصُّبْحَ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً تُوتِرُ لَهُ مَا قَدْ صَلَّى»،\n\n٥٣٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n٥٣٧٢ - ثُمَّ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n٥٣٧٣ - وَسُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، فَإِذَا خَشِيَ أَحَدُكُمُ الصُّبْحَ أَوْتَرَ بِوَاحِدَةٍ»\n\n٥٣٧٤ - وَسُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَحَدِيثَهُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو.\n\n٥٣٧٥ - وَالشَّافِعِيُّ إِنَّمَا قَالَ: فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دِلَالَتَانِ عُقَيْبَ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ دُونَ حَدِيثِ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ\n\n٥٣٧٦ - ثُمَّ احْتَجَّ أَيْضًا بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"4","page":27},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-262>صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ</span>","vol":"4","page":29},{"text":"٥٣٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي الْمُسْتَخْرَجِ عَلَى كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ وَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ح،\n\n٥٣٧٨ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: \" كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ بِاللَّيْلِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً: مِنْهَا رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ \" لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"4","page":29},{"text":"٥٣٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ⦗٣٠⦘، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ صَلَاةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ؟ فَقَالَتْ: \" مَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَزِيدُ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَلَا فِي غَيْرِهِ عَلَى إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً: يُصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا فَلَا تَسْأَلْ عَنْ حُسْنِهِنَّ وَطُولِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا فَلَا تَسْأَلْ عَنْ حُسْنِهِنَّ وَطُولِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي ثَلَاثًا، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتَنَامُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُوتِرَ؟ فَقَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ عَيْنَيَّ تَنَامَانِ وَلَا يَنَامُ قَلْبِي» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٥٣٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَاحْتَجَّ الَّذِي خَالَفَنَا: بِأَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «يُصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا وَأَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثًا».\n\n٥٣٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَتْ أَرْبَعًا مُشْتَبِهَاتٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي الطُّولِ، وَأَرْبَعًا مُشْتَبِهَاتٍ، وَثَلَاثًا مُشْتَبِهَاتٍ كَذَلِكَ ⦗٣١⦘،\n\n٥٣٨٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِهِمَا مَا يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ \" يُوتِرُ بِرَكْعَةٍ مُنْفَصِلَةٍ\n\n٥٣٨٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ فَسَّرَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ذَلِكَ: وَكَذَلِكَ أَرَادَتْ بِالْأَرْبَعِ، وَتَفْسِيرُهَا وَتَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ يَأْتِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ\n\n٥٣٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ فَسَيَرِدُ","vol":"4","page":29},{"text":"٥٣٨٥ - وَأَمَّا تَفْسِيرُ عَائِشَةَ فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ: أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «يُصَلِّي فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَنْ يَفْرَغَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ إِلَى الْفَجْرِ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً يُسَلِّمُ مِنْ كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَيُوتِرُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ، وَيَسْجُدُ سَجْدَةً قَدْرَ مَا يَقْرَأُ أَحَدُكُمْ خَمْسِينَ آيَةً قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ رَأْسَهُ، فَإِذَا سَكَتَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، وَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْفَجْرُ، قَامَ فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ خَفِيفَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ اضْطَجَعَ عَلَى شِقِّهِ الْأَيْمَنِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ الْمُؤَذِّنُ لِلْإِقَامَةِ، فَيَخْرُجُ مَعَهُمْ»، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ: أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو وَيُونُسَ دُونَ قَدْرِ السُّجُودِ.\n\n٥٣٨٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «يُسَلِّمُ مِنْ كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَيُوتِرُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ»","vol":"4","page":31},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-263>صَلَاةُ النَّافِلَةِ جَالِسًا وَمَنِ افْتَتَحَهَا جَالِسًا، ثُمَّ قَامَ</span>","vol":"4","page":32},{"text":"٥٣٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا  «لَمْ تَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ قَاعِدًا حَتَّى سَنَّ، فَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ قَاعِدًا حَتَّى إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ قَامَ فَقَرَأَ نَحْوًا مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ أَوْ أَرْبَعِينَ آيَةً، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ»","vol":"4","page":32},{"text":"٥٣٨٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ⦗٣٣⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي جَالِسًا، فَيَقْرَأُ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ، فَإِذَا بَقِيَ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِهِ قَدْرُ مَا يَكُونُ ثَلَاثِينَ آيَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعِينَ آيَةً قَامَ فَقَرَأَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ يَفْعَلُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"4","page":32},{"text":"٥٣٨٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «يَقْرَأُ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ قَامَ قَدْرَ مَا يَقْرَأُ إِنْسَانٌ أَرْبَعِينَ آيَةً»","vol":"4","page":33},{"text":"٥٣٩٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ السَّهْمِيِّ ⦗٣٤⦘، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى فِي سُبْحَتِهِ قَاعِدًا قَطُّ حَتَّى كَانَ قَبْلَ وَفَاتِهِ بِعَامٍ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي سُبْحَتِهِ قَاعِدًا وَيَقْرَأُ بِالسُّورَةِ فَيُرَتِّلُهَا حَتَّى تَكُونَ أَطْوَلَ مِنْ أَطْوَلَ مِنْهَا» أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ وَالثَّانِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ الْحَدِيثَ الثَّالِثَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَالْحَدِيثَ الرَّابِعَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٥٣٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: حُدِّثْتُ أَنَّكَ قُلْتَ: «صَلَاةُ الرَّجُلِ قَاعِدًا نِصْفُ الصَّلَاةِ» وَأَنْتَ تُصَلِّي قَاعِدًا. قَالَ: «أَجَلْ، وَلَكِنِّي لَسْتُ كَأَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ».\n\n٥٣٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ ⦗٣٥⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ «يُصَلِّي لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا قَائِمًا وَلَيْلًا طَوِيلًا قَاعِدًا، وَكَانَ إِذَا قَرَأَ قَائِمًا رَكَعَ قَائِمًا، وَإِذَا قَرَأَ قَاعِدًا رَكَعَ قَاعِدًا»\n\n٥٣٩٣ - وَفِيهِ إِخْبَارٌ عَنْ حَالَتَيْنِ وَفِيمَا، رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ إِخْبَارٌ عَنْ حَالَةٍ ثَالِثَةٍ، وَكُلٌّ كَانَ يَفْعَلُهُ ﷺ","vol":"4","page":33},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-264>قِيَامُ رَمَضَانَ</span>","vol":"4","page":36},{"text":"٥٣٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ⦗٣٧⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٥٣٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَإِنْ صَلَّى رَجُلٌ لِنَفْسِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ،\n\n٥٣٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِلَى مَعْنَى هَذَا ذَهَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَبِذَلِكَ أَمَرَ مَنْ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ ⦗٣٨⦘.\n\n٥٣٩٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فِي قِصَّةِ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَتَيْنٍ، أَوْ لَيَالٍ وَصَلَاةِ نَاسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ بِصَلَاتِهِ، فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ بِهِمْ قَالَ: «صَلُّوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الصَّلَاةِ صَلَاةُ الْمَرْءِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ»\n\n٥٣٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ صَلَّاهَا فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَحَسَنٌ\n\n٥٣٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، حِينَ قَامَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَقِيلَ أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، حَتَّى ذَهَبَ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ لَيْلَةَ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَقِيلَ: سِتٍّ وَعِشْرِينَ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ نَحْوٌ مِنْ نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ. فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَوْ نَفَّلْتَنَا بَقِيَّةَ اللَّيْلِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ إِذَا قَامَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفَ كُتِبَ لَهُ بَقِيَّةُ لَيْلَتِهِ»","vol":"4","page":36},{"text":"٥٤٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَرَأَى نَاسًا فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ يُصَلُّونَ فَقَالَ: «مَا يَصْنَعُ هَؤُلَاءِ؟» قَالَ قَائِلٌ: \" يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَؤُلَاءِ نَاسٌ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ قُرْآنٌ وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ يَقْرَأُ، وَهُمْ مَعَهُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاتِهِ. قَالَ: «قَدْ أَحْسَنُوا» أَوْ «قَدْ أَصَابُوا» وَلَمْ يَكْرَهْ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ ⦗٤٠⦘.\n\n٥٤٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَكْرُ بْنُ مُضَرٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ، أَنَّ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْقُرَظِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٤٠٢ - وَهَذَا خَاصٌّ فِيمَنْ لَا يَكُونُ حَافِظًا لِلْقُرْآنٍ، وَثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مَالِكٍ قَدْ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِيمَا زَعَمَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالتَّوَارِيخِ\n\n٥٤٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ إِذَا كَانُوا جَمَاعَةً أَنْ يُصَلُّوا عِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً، وَيُوتِرُونَ بِثَلَاثٍ.\n\n٥٤٠٤ - قَالَ: وَرَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يَقُومُونَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ تِسْعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ رَكْعَةً، وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ عِشْرُونَ\n\n٥٤٠٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁\n\n٥٤٠٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ يَقُومُونَ بِمَكَّةَ","vol":"4","page":39},{"text":"٥٤٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْأَصْلُ فِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ ﵁ فِي صَلَاةِ التَّرَاوِيحِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗٤١⦘ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" خَرَجَ لَيْلَةً فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ يُصَلِّي فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَصَلَّى رِجَالٌ بِصَلَاتِهِ فَأَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ، فَتَحَدَّثُوا بِذَلِكَ فَاجْتَمَعَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهُمْ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اللَّيْلَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَصَلَّى فَصَلُّوا مَعَهُ، فَأَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ فَتَحَدَّثُوا بِذَلِكَ، وَكَثُرَ أَهْلُ الْمَسْجِدِ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلُّوا بِصَلَاتِهِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ الرَّابِعَةُ عَجَزَ الْمَسْجِدُ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ، فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى خَرَجَ لِصَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَتَشَهَّدَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخْفَ عَلَيَّ شَأْنُكُمْ وَلَكِنِّي خَشِيتُ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَعْجِزُوا عَنْهَا»، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُرَغِّبُهُمْ فِي قِيَامِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُمْ بِعَزِيمَةِ أَمْرٍ فِيهِ فَيَقُولُ: «مَنْ قَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ» فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ خِلَافَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَصَدْرًا مِنْ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ\n\n٥٤٠٨ - قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيُّ وَكَانَ يَعْمَلُ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَرْقَمِ عَلَى بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ خَرَجَ لَيْلَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَطَافَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَأَهْلُ الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْزَاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ، يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ فَيُصَلِّي بِصَلَاتِهِ الرَّهْطُ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَظُنُّ لَوْ جَمَعْنَاهُمْ عَلَى قَارِئٍ وَاحِدٍ لَكَانَ أَفْضَلَ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: لَكَانَ أَمْثَلَ. ثُمَّ \" عَزَمَ عُمَرُ عَلَى أَنْ يَجْمَعَهُمْ عَلَى قَارِئٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَأَمَرَ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ أَنْ يَقُومَ بِهِمْ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَخَرَجَ عُمَرُ وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاةِ قَارِئٍ لَهُمْ، وَمَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِئُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: نِعْمَ الْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ، وَالَّتِي تَنَامُونَ عَنْهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الَّتِي تَقُومُونَ \" يُرِيدُ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَقُومُونَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ ⦗٤٢⦘. أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"4","page":40},{"text":"٥٤٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ خُصَيْفَةَ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ:  «كُنَّا نَقُومُ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِعِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً وَالْوِتْرِ»\n\n٥٤١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ\n\n٥٤١١ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَ النَّاسُ يَقُومُونَ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي رَمَضَانَ بِثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً»\n\n٥٤١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا ضِيقٌ، وَلَا حَدٌّ يُنْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ نَافِلَةٌ فَإِنْ أَطَالُوا الْقِيَامَ وَأَقَلُّوا السُّجُودَ فَحَسَنٌ، وَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، وَإِنْ أَكْثَرُوا الرُّكُوعَ وَالسُّجُودَ فَحَسَنٌ","vol":"4","page":42},{"text":"٥٤١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: \" أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ، وَتَمِيمًا الدَّارِيَّ، أَنْ يَقُومَا بِالنَّاسِ بِإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً قَالَ: وَكَانَ الْقَارِئُ يَقْرَأُ بِالْمِئِينَ حَتَّى كُنَّا نَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى الْعِصِيِّ مِنْ طُولِ الْقِيَامِ، وَمَا كُنَّا نَنْصَرِفُ إِلَّا فِي فُرُوعِ الْفَجْرِ \" ⦗٤٣⦘\n\n٥٤١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، وحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بُزُوغِ الْفَجْرِ.\n\n٥٤١٥ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n٥٤١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"4","page":42},{"text":"٥٤١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" أَيُّ الصَّلَاةِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ: «طُولُ الْقُنُوتِ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ\n\n٥٤١٨ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُخَفِّفُ الْقِيَامَ، وَيُكْثِرُ الرُّكُوعَ وَالسُّجُودَ وَيَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَسْجُدُ لِلَّهِ ⦗٤٤⦘ سَجْدَةً أَوْ يَرْكَعُ لِلَّهِ رَكْعَةً إِلَّا حَطَّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بِهَا خَطِيئَةً، وَرَفَعَهُ بِهَا دَرَجَةً»\n\n٥٤١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَقْنُتُونَ فِي الْوِتْرِ فِي النِّصْفِ الْآخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَمُعَاذٌ الْقَارِيُّ","vol":"4","page":43},{"text":"٥٤٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَوْبَةَ الصُّوفِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ الْأَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْجُمَحِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، «أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ لَا يَقْنُتُ فِي الْوِتْرِ إِلَّا فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ» ⦗٤٥⦘.\n\n٥٤٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: \" أَمَّنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي زَمَنِ عُثْمَانَ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ احْتَبَسَ. فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: قَدْ تَفَرَّغَ لِنَفْسِهِ، ثُمَّ أَمَّهُمْ أَبُو حَلِيمَةَ مُعَاذٌ الْقَارِيُّ فَكَانَ يَقْنُتُ\n\n٥٤٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ «جَمَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي لَهُمْ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً وَلَا يَقْنُتُ بِهِمْ إِلَّا فِي النِّصْفِ الْبَاقِي». فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْعَشْرُ الْأَوَاخِرُ تَخَلَّفَ فَصَلَّى فِي بَيْتِهِ، فَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: أَبِقَ أُبَيٌّ.\n\n٥٤٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَنْ أُبَيٍّ فِي الْقُنُوتِ","vol":"4","page":44},{"text":"٥٤٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، أَنَّ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ «أَمَّهُمْ يَعْنِي فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَكَانَ يَقْنُتُ فِي النِّصْفِ الْآخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ» ⦗٤٦⦘\n\n٥٤٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقِيَامُ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ قِيَامِ أَوَّلِهِ، فَإِنْ جَزَّأَ اللَّيْلَ أَثْلَاثًا، فَالثُّلُثُ الْأَوْسَطُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَقُومَهُ","vol":"4","page":45},{"text":"٥٤٢٦ - وَهَذَا لِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَحَبُّ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى اللَّهِ صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ كَانَ يَرْقُدُ شَطْرَ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ بَعْدَ شَطْرِهِ، ثُمَّ يَرْقُدُ آخِرَهُ. وَأَحَبُّ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللَّهِ صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ\n\n٥٤٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ: \" أَيُّ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ أَفْضَلُ؟ فَقَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «نِصْفُ اللَّيْلِ وَقَلِيلٌ فَاعِلُهُ»","vol":"4","page":46},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-265>الِاجْتِهَادُ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ لِمَنْ أَطَاقَهُ وَمَنِ اسْتَحَبَّ الْقَصْدَ فِيهِ</span>","vol":"4","page":48},{"text":"٥٤٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ عِلَاقَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ يَقُولُ: \" قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى تَوَرَّمَتْ قَدَمَاهُ، فَقِيلَ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ؟ قَالَ: «أَفَلَا أَكُونُ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا؟»","vol":"4","page":48},{"text":"٥٤٢٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا نَعَسَ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيَرْقُدْ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ عَنْهُ النَّوْمُ؛ فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا صَلَّى وَهُوَ نَاعِسٌ لَعَلَّهُ يَذْهَبُ يَسْتَغْفِرُ فَيَسُبَّ نَفْسَهُ»","vol":"4","page":49},{"text":"٥٤٣٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا نَعَسَ أَحَدُكُمْ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، فَلْيَنْفَتِلْ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ يَسْتَغْفِرُ فَيَسُبَّ نَفْسَهُ»","vol":"4","page":49},{"text":"٥٤٣١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأَى حَبْلًا مَمْدُودًا بَيْنَ سَارِيَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذَا الْحَبْلُ»؟ فَقَالُوا: لِفُلَانَةَ تُصَلِّي، فَإِذَا غُلِبَتْ تَعَلَّقَتْ بِهِ. فَقَالَ: «لَا تَفْعَلْ لِتُصَلِّ مَا عَقِلْتَ، فَإِذَا غُلِبَتْ فَلْتَنَمْ» أَخْرَجَا الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَالْحَدِيثَ الثَّانِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ أَنَسٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ،\n\n٥٤٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ، وَبِهَذَا نَأْمُرُ لِمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ مُوَافِقٌ لَهُ، وَلِمَا قَالَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ: «أَكْلِفُوا مِنَ الْعَمَلِ مَا لَكُمْ بِهِ طَاقَةٌ»\n\n٥٤٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ تَخَوُّفًا عَلَى مَنْ تَكَلَّفَ مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَهُ بِهِ السَّآمَةَ حَتَّى يَدَعَ قَلِيلَ الْعَمَلِ وَكَثِيرَهُ ⦗٥١⦘\n\n٥٤٣٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَتْ عَائِشَةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّ أَحَبَّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَدْوَمُهَا وَإِنْ قَلَّ \".\n\n٥٤٣٥ - وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَنْهُ فِي الِاقْتِصَادِ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ مَا يُوَافِقُ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى","vol":"4","page":50},{"text":"٥٤٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَحْتَجِرُ حَصِيرًا بِاللَّيْلِ وَيَبْسُطُهُ بِالنَّهَارِ، فَيَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَتْ: فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَثُوبُونَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاتِهِ حَتَّى كَثُرُوا فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ:  «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ خُذُوا مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ مَا تُطِيقُونَ؛ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَنْ يَمَلَّ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا، وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَا دَامَ مِنْهَا وَإِنْ قَلَّ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ","vol":"4","page":51},{"text":"٥٤٣٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ:  «وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَا دَاوَمَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ قَلَّ، وَكَانَ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِذَا عَمِلُوا عَمَلًا أَثْبَتُوهُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى\n\n٥٤٣٨ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «أَكْلِفُوا مِنَ الْعَمَلِ مَا تُطِيقُونَ، وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ الْعَمَلِ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَدْوَمُهُ وَإِنْ قَلَّ»","vol":"4","page":52},{"text":"٥٤٣٩ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْدَوَيْهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ آدَمَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، وَهُوَ السَّائِبُ بْنُ فَرُّوخَ الشَّاعِرُ، سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو يَقُولُ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَلَمْ أُخْبَرْ أَنَّكَ تَصُومُ النَّهَارَ وَتَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ؟» قُلْتُ: بَلَى. قَالَ: «فَلَا تَفْعَلْ؛ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ هَجَمَتْ عَيْنَاكَ وَتَفِهَتْ نَفْسُكَ. إِنَّ لِعَيْنِكَ حَقًّا، وَلِنَفْسِكَ حَقًّا، وَلِأَهْلِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقٌّ. صُمْ وَأَفْطِرْ. وَقُمْ وَنَمْ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"4","page":52},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-266>الْوِتْرُ</span>","vol":"4","page":53},{"text":"٥٤٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَنِ الْوِتْرِ أَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يُوتِرَ الرَّجُلُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ لَيْسَ قَبْلَهَا شَيْءٌ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَالَّذِي أَخْتَارُ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ عَشَرَ رَكَعَاتٍ، ثُمَّ أُوتِرُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ، فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي أَنَّ الْوِتْرَ يَجُوزُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ؟ فَقَالَ: الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ: السُّنَّةُ وَالْآثَارُ:\n\n٥٤٤١ - فَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ⦗٥٤⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، فَإِذَا خَشِيَ أَحَدُكُمُ الصُّبْحَ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً تُوتِرُ لَهُ مَا قَدْ صَلَّى» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":53},{"text":"٥٤٤٢ - وَقَدْ فَسَّرَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ مَا رَوَاهُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى، فَإِذَا أُرِيتَ أَنَّ الصُّبْحَ مُدْرَكٌ فَأَوْتِرْ بِرَكْعَةٍ»، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: مَا مَثْنَى؟ فَقَالَ: تُسَلِّمُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"4","page":54},{"text":"٥٤٤٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ⦗٥٥⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِاللَّيْلِ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً يُوتِرُ مِنْهَا بِوَاحِدَةٍ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٥٤٤٤ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَيُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً، يُسَلِّمُ مِنْ كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَيُوتِرُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ». وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُ فِيمَا مَضَى.\n\n٥٤٤٥ - وَهَذَا يَمْنَعُ تَأْوِيلَ مَنْ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى التَّشَهُّدِ بَيْنَ كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ دُونَ السَّلَامِ","vol":"4","page":54},{"text":"٥٤٤٦ - وَأَخْرَجَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ \" الْوِتْرِ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «رَكْعَةٌ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ». وَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «رَكْعَةٌ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ» ⦗٥٦⦘\n\n٥٤٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرٌ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْعَوَقِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٥٤٤٨ - وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا رَوَى بَيَانًا شَافِيًا:\n\n٥٤٤٩ - أَمَّا بَيَانُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: فَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ «يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَالرَّكْعَةِ مِنْ وِتْرِهِ بِسَلَامٍ»،\n\n٥٤٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ: أَلَا أُعَلِّمُكَ الْوِتْرَ؟ قُلْتُ: بَلَى. فَقَامَ فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَةً \"\n\n٥٤٥١ - وَأَمَّا بَيَانُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقَدْ مَضَى فِي رِوَايَةِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ عَنْهُ","vol":"4","page":55},{"text":"٥٤٥٢ - وَأَيْضًا فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ  «يُسَلِّمُ بَيْنَ الرَّكْعَةِ وَالرَّكْعَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْوِتْرِ حَتَّى يَأْمُرَ بِبَعْضِ حَاجَتِهِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمُعَاذٍ الْقَارِيِّ","vol":"4","page":57},{"text":"٥٤٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى التِّنِّيسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي الْمُطَّلِبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ قَالَ: أَتَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: \" كَيْفَ أُوتِرُ؟ قَالَ: أَوْتِرْ بِوَاحِدَةٍ. قَالَ: إِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ يَقُولَ النَّاسُ: إِنَّهَا الْبُتَيْرَاءُ قَالَ: أَسُنَّةَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ تُرِيدُ؟ هَذِهِ سُنَّةُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ \"","vol":"4","page":57},{"text":"٥٤٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ مَوْلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ عَنْ وِتْرِ اللَّيْلِ فَقَالَ: \" يَا بُنَيَّ هَلْ تَعْرِفُ وِتْرَ النَّهَارِ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. الْمَغْرِبَ. قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ. وِتْرُ اللَّيْلِ وَاحِدَةٌ بِذَلِكَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٥٨⦘. فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ تِلْكَ الْبُتَيْرَاءُ. قَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ لَيْسَتْ تِلْكَ الْبُتَيْرَاءَ، إِنَّمَا الْبُتَيْرَاءُ: أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّكْعَةَ التَّامَّةَ فِي رُكُوعِهَا وَسُجُودِهَا وَقِيَامِهَا، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فِي الْأُخْرَى وَلَا يُتِمُّ لَهَا رُكُوعًا وَلَا سُجُودًا وَلَا قِيَامًا، فَتِلْكَ الْبُتَيْرَاءُ \".\n\n٥٤٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٤٥٦ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَقْصِيرِ مَنْ قَصَّرَ بِهَذَا الْخَبَرِ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: وِتْرُ اللَّيْلِ كَوِتْرِ النَّهَارِ، فَقَدْ فَصَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِمَا ذَكَرْنَا،\n\n٥٤٥٧ - وَمَذْهَبُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي هَذَا أَشْهَرُ مِنْ أَنْ يُمْكِنَ التَّلْبِيسُ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"4","page":57},{"text":"٥٤٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ  «كَانَ يُوتِرُ بِرَكْعَةٍ»","vol":"4","page":58},{"text":"٥٤٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ صُعَيْرٍ - وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَدْ مَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ زَمَنَ ⦗٥٩⦘ الْفَتْحِ - أَنَّهُ رَأَى سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ - وَكَانَ سَعْدٌ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ - «يُوتِرُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى يَقُومَ مِنْ جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ»\n\n٥٤٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.\n\n٥٤٦١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِسَعْدٍ: إِنَّكَ تُوتِرُ بِرَكْعَةٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. سَبْعٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ خَمْسٍ. وَخَمْسٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ. وَثَلَاثٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ وَاحِدَةٍ؛ وَلَكِنْ أُخَفِّفُ عَنْ نَفْسِي.\n\n٥٤٦٢ - وَمِمَّنْ أَوْتَرَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ بِرَكْعَةٍ، وَعَزَاهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ،\n\n٥٤٦٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ فِي رَكْعَةٍ.\n\n٥٤٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَكَانَ عُثْمَانُ يُحْيِي اللَّيْلَ بِرَكْعَةٍ هِيَ وِتْرُهُ ⦗٦٠⦘\n\n٥٤٦٥ - وَأَوْتَرَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَصَابَ. وَذَكَرَ إِسْنَادَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ","vol":"4","page":58},{"text":"٥٤٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُصَيْفَةَ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ التَّيْمِيَّ عَنْ صَلَاةِ طَلْحَةَ؟ قَالَ: إِنْ شِئْتَ أَخْبَرْتُكَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ عُثْمَانَ. قُلْتُ: لَأُغْلَبَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ عَلَى الْمُقَامِ فَقُمْتُ، فَإِذَا بِرَجُلٍ يَرْجُمُنِي مُتَقَنِّعًا فَنَظَرْتُ، فَإِذَا عُثْمَانُ. قَالَ: فَتَأَخَّرْتُ عَنْهُ، فَصَلَّى، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَسْجُدُ بِسُجُودِ الْقُرْآنِ، حَتَّى إِذَا قُلْتُ هَذِهِ: هُوَ ذَا الْفَجْرِ،  «فَأَوْتَرَ بِرَكْعَةٍ لَمْ يُصَلِّ غَيْرَهَا»\n\n٥٤٦٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بِمَعْنَاهُ فِي صَلَاةِ عُثْمَانَ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَةً. قَالَ: «هِيَ وِتْرِي».\n\n٥٤٦٨ - وَهَذَا يَرُدُّ قَوْلَ مَنْ حَمَلَ فِعْلَ عُثْمَانَ هَذَا عَلَى الْوَهْمِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ سَهْوًا لَتَنَبَّهَ لَهُ بِقَوْلِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَلَأَعَادَ الْوِتْرَ ثَلَاثًا، وَلَكِنْ قَالَ: هِيَ وِتْرِي؛ لِعِلْمِهِمْ بِأَنَّ الْوِتْرَ بِرَكْعَةٍ غَيْرُ مُنْكَرٍ","vol":"4","page":60},{"text":"٥٤٦٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُتْبَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ كُرَيْبًا مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى مُعَاوِيَةَ «صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ، ثُمَّ أَوْتَرَ بِرَكْعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهَا» فَأَخْبَرَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٦١⦘ فَقَالَ: أَصَابَ أَيْ بُنَيَّ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنَّا أَعْلَمُ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ: وَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ أَوْ خَمْسٌ، أَوْ سَبْعٌ إِلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوِتْرُ مَا شَاءَ.\n\n٥٤٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي صَنِيعِ مُعَاوِيَةَ هَذَا قَالَ: أَصَابَ. إِنَّهُ فَقِيهٌ.\n\n٥٤٧١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «دَعْهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ صَحِبَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ». وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٥٤٧٢ - وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ قَوْلَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى التُّقْيَةِ مِنْهُ؛ فَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ أَبْعَدَ النَّاسِ مِنْ أَنْ يَخَافَ مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي سُكُوتِهِ عَنْ فِعْلٍ أَخْطَأَ فِيهِ، وَكَانَ أَعْلَمَ وَأَرْوَعَ مِنْ أَنْ يَقُولَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَا يَعْتَقِدُ خِلَافَهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانُوا يَرْتَحِلُونَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَيَمْلَئُونَ مَسَامِعَهُ بِالْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، فَكَيْفَ يُظَنُّ بِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ: أَصَابَ مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي شَيْءٍ يُنْكِرُهُ بِقَلْبِهِ","vol":"4","page":60},{"text":"٥٤٧٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ ⦗٦٢⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَنَا قَائِمٌ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ «يَنْهَى عَنْ مُتْعَةِ الْحَجِّ» قَالَ: فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: انْظُرُوا فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَإِلَّا فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ كَذَبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَعَلَى رَسُولِهِ.\n\n٥٤٧٤ - فَعَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ كَانَ إِنْكَارُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فِيمَا كَانَ يَعْتَقِدُ خِلَافَهُ، فَكَيْفَ يَصِحُّ مَا قَالَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ فِي تَصْوِيبِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وِتْرَ مُعَاوِيَةَ،\n\n٥٤٧٥ - وَلَكِنْ مَنْ يُرِيدُ تَصْحِيحَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مذْهَبِهِ لَا يَجِدُ بُدًّا مِنْ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ السَّلَامَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى التَّشَهُّدِ دُونَ السَّلَامِ، وَوِتْرُ عُثْمَانَ، وَسَعْدٍ بِرَكْعَةٍ عَلَى الْوَهْمِ. وَتَصْوِيبُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَلَى التُّقْيَةِ، وَرِوَايَةُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَلَى مُخَالَفَةِ الْإِجْمَاعِ، وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ","vol":"4","page":61},{"text":"٥٤٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ دَعْلَجٍ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُرَيْشُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْعِجْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ وَائِلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْوِتْرُ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُوتِرَ بِثَلَاثٍ فَلْيَفْعَلْ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُوتِرَ بِوَاحِدَةٍ فَلْيَفْعَلْ» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ\n\n٥٤٧٧ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَفَعَهُ بَكْرُ بْنُ وَائِلٍ، وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى رَفْعِهِ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ. وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ ⦗٦٣⦘\n\n٥٤٧٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ وَهْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَوَقَفُوهُ عَلَى أَبِي أَيُّوبَ. فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ يَرْوِيهِ مِنْ فُتْيَاهُ مَرَّةً، وَمِنْ رِوَايَتِهِ أُخْرَى،\n\n٥٤٧٩ - وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِهِ وَنُجِيزُ الْوِتْرَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأَوْجُهِ، وَعَلَى كُلِّ وَجْهٍ صَحَّ الْخَبَرُ بِهِ عَنْ سَيِّدِنَا الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ، لَا نَدَعُ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا بِحَالٍ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَنِّهِ وَحُسْنِ تَوْفِيقِهِ","vol":"4","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-267>الْوِتْرُ بِخَمْسِ رَكَعَاتٍ لَا يَجْلِسُ وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ إِلَّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْهُنَّ</span>","vol":"4","page":64},{"text":"٥٤٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٦٥⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ  «يُوتِرُ بِخَمْسِ رَكَعَاتٍ لَا يَجْلِسُ وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ إِلَّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْهُنَّ»\n\n٥٤٨١ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ، وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ عَنْ هِشَامٍ ⦗٦٦⦘، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n٥٤٨٢ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْهُ،\n\n٥٤٨٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٥٤٨٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ «يُوتِرُ بِثَلَاثٍ لَا يَجْلِسُ فِيهِنَّ، وَلَا يَتَشَهَّدُ إِلَّا فِي آخِرِهِنَّ».\n\n٥٤٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عُقَيْبَ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَمَا مَعْنَى هَذَا؟ قَالَ: هَذِهِ نَافِلَةٌ تَسَعُ أَنْ يُوتِرَ بِوَاحِدَةٍ وَأَكْثَرَ، وَنَخْتَارُ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ نُضِيفَ غَيْرَهُ\n\n٥٤٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ الطَّرِيقُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي أَحَادِيثِ الثِّقَاتِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِجَمِيعِهَا إِذَا أَمْكَنَ الْأَخْذُ بِهِ.\n\n٥٤٨٧ - وَوِتْرُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي عُمْرِهِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، حَتَّى إِذَا اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ فِي كَيْفِيَّتِهَا كَانَتْ مُتَضَادَّةً، وَالْأَشْبَهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَفْعَلُهَا عَلَى مَمَرِّ الْأَوْقَاتِ عَلَى الْوجُوهِ الَّتِي رَوَاهَا هَؤُلَاءِ الثِّقَاتُ ⦗٦٧⦘،\n\n٥٤٨٨ - فَنَأْخُذُ بِالْجَمِيعِ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ وَنَخْتَارُ مَا وَصَفْنَا فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ؛ لِفَضْلِ حِفْظِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَلَى حِفْظِ غَيْرِهِ، وَلِمُوَافَقَتِهِ رِوَايَةَ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَرِوَايَةُ الْجُمْهُورِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٥٤٨٩ - وَبِهَذَا النَّوْعِ مِنَ التَّرْجِيحِ تَرَكَ الْبُخَارِيُّ رِوَايَةَ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ فِي الْوِتْرِ، وَرِوَايَةَ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْوِتْرِ، فَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْ وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُمَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ مَعَ كَوْنِهِمَا مِنْ شَرْطِهِ فِي سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ\n\n٥٤٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ: الزُّهْرِيُّ أَثْبَتُ فِي عُرْوَةَ مِنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ فِي عُرْوَةَ،\n\n٥٤٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَعَلَى هَذَا سَائِرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ رِوَايَةَ عُرْوَةَ فِي هَذَا قَدِ اضْطَرَبَتْ فَأَدَعُهَا وَأَرْجِعُ إِلَى رِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَاهَا مُطْلَقَةً لَيْسَ فِيهَا مِنَ التَّفْسِيرِ مَا فِي رِوَايَةِ عُرْوَةَ لِيُمْكِنَنِي تَصْحِيحُهَا عَلَى مَذْهَبِي، أَوْ إِلَى رِوَايَةِ مَنْ لَعَلَّهُ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ إِلَّا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةَ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهَا وَرَاءَ الْحِجَابِ إِلَّا مَرَّةً، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْظُرُ فِي اسْتِعْمَالِ الْأَخْبَارِ لِدِينِهِ، وَلَا يَحْتَاطُ فِيهَا لِنَفْسِهِ، وَاللَّهُ يُوَفِّقُنَا لِمُتَابَعَةِ السُّنَّةِ، وَتَرْكِ الْهَوَى بِرَحْمَتِهِ","vol":"4","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-268>الْوِتْرُ بِتِسْعِ رَكَعَاتٍ أَوْ بِسَبْعٍ لَا يَجْلِسُ إِلَّا فِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ مِنْهُنَّ وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ إِلَّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْهُنَّ</span>","vol":"4","page":68},{"text":"٥٤٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، ح\n\n٥٤٩٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ فِي دُخُولِهِ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: \" يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْبِئِينِي عَنْ وِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ: كُنَّا نُعِدُّ لَهُ سِوَاكَهُ وَطَهُورَهُ فَيَبْعَثُهُ اللَّهُ مَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَيَتَسَوَّكُ وَيَتَوَضَّأُ وَيُصَلِّي تِسْعَ رَكَعَاتٍ لَا يَجْلِسُ فِيهَا إِلَّا فِي الثَّامِنَةِ. فَيَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ وَيَحْمَدُهُ وَيَدْعُوهُ، ثُمَّ يَنْهَضُ وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي التَّاسِعَةَ، فَيَقْعُدُ فَيَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ وَيَحَمُدُهُ وَيَدْعُوهُ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ تَسْلِيمًا يُسْمِعُنَا، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَمَا يُسَلِّمُ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ فَتِلْكَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً يَا بُنَيَّ. فَلَمَّا أَسَنَّ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَخَذَهُ اللَّحْمُ أَوْتَرَ بِسَبْعٍ، وَصَنَعَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ مِثْلَ صَنِيعِهِ الْأَوَّلِ، فَتِلْكَ تِسْعٌ يَا بُنَيَّ «⦗٦٩⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ.\n\n٥٤٩٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ لَا يُجَوِّزُ الْوِتْرَ بِرَكْعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ، فَلَمْ يُجَوِّزِ الزِّيَادَةَ فِي الْوِتْرِ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ، وَلَا الزِّيَادَةَ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ.\n\n٥٤٩٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ» كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ مِنْ كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ \"، وَفِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَيُوتِرُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ، فَتَرَكَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مَا لَا يُوَافِقُهُ، وَتَرَكَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ مَا لَا يُوَافِقُهُ وَيَدَّعِي مَعَ هَذَا مُتَابَعَةَ الْآثَارِ، وَاللَّهُ حَسِيبُ الْكَلِّ","vol":"4","page":68},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-269>الْوِتْرُ بِثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ مُوْصُولَاتٍ بِتَشَهُّدَيْنِ وَيُسَلِّمُ مِنَ الثَّالِثَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":70},{"text":"٥٤٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ  «لَا يُسَلِّمُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ مِنَ الْوِتْرِ»\n\n٥٤٩٧ - هَكَذَا رَوَيَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، وعِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَهُوَ مُخْتَصَرٌ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ.\n\n٥٤٩٨ - ورَوَاهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يُوتِرُ بِثَلَاثٍ لَا يَقْعُدُ إِلَّا فِي آخِرِهِنَّ».\n\n٥٤٩٩ - وَهُوَ بِخِلَافِ رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَهِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، وَمَعْمَرٍ، وَهَمَّامٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ⦗٧١⦘\n\n٥٥٠٠ - وَإِنَّمَا الرِّوَايَةُ فِي الثَّلَاثِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ غَيْرُ مَرْفُوعٍ: «وِتْرُ اللَّيْلِ ثَلَاثٌ كَوِتْرِ النَّهَارِ، وَصَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ»\n\n٥٥٠١ - وَقَدْ رَفَعَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي الْحَوَاجِبِ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n٥٥٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْحَوَاجِبِ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ، وَلَمْ يَرْوِهِ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ مَرْفُوعًا غَيْرُهُ.\n\n٥٥٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فِي الْجَامِعِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ مَوْقُوفًا\n\n٥٥٠٤ - وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: «الْوِتْرُ سَبْعٌ أَوْ خَمْسٌ، وَلَا أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ»\n\n٥٥٠٥ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَمَوْقُوفٌ","vol":"4","page":70},{"text":"٥٥٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ «يُوتِرُ بِخَمْسٍ أَوْ سَبْعٍ»\n\n٥٥٠٧ - قَالَ: وَسُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ ثَلَاثًا بُتْرًا، وَلَكِنْ خَمْسًا أَوْ سَبْعًا ⦗٧٢⦘\n\n٥٥٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا يَقُولُونَ: صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى إِلَّا الْوِتْرَ؛ فَإِنَّهَا ثَلَاثٌ مُتَّصِلَاتٌ لَا يُصَلَّى الْوِتْرُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ","vol":"4","page":71},{"text":"٥٥٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُوتِرُوا بِثَلَاثٍ، وَلَا تَشَبَّهُوا بِصَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ، أَوْتِرُوا بِخَمْسٍ أَوْ سَبْعٍ»\n\n٥٥١٠ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا وَمَوْقُوفًا، وَفِيهِ: أَوْ بِتِسْعٍ أَوْ بِإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٥٥١١ - وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ قَوْلَ مَنْ جَعَلَهَا ثَلَاثًا كَالْمَغْرِبِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ.\n\n٥٥١٢ - وَالْمُرَادُ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ الزِّيَادَةُ فِيهَا، وَتَرْكُ الِاقْتِصَارِ فِيهَا عَلَى الثَّلَاثِ، كَمَا اخْتَارَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي الِاخْتِيَارِ إِلَى رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"4","page":72},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-270>التَّوَسُّعُ فِي عَدَدِ التَّطَوُّعِ</span>","vol":"4","page":73},{"text":"٥٥١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ قَابُوسَ بْنِ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَةً فَقِيلَ لَهُ: \" صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَةً فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا هِيَ تَطَوُّعٌ مَنْ شَاءَ زَادَ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ نَقَصَ \"\n\n٥٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَابُوسُ بْنُ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ\n\n٥٥١٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ بِمَا رَوَيْنَاهُ فِي الْوِتْرِ بِرَكْعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ. وَقَالَ: سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَجْدَةً شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ، وَسَجَدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ حِينَ جَاءَهُ قَتْلُ مُسَيْلِمَةَ، وَسَجَدَ عُمَرُ حِينَ جَاءَهُ فَتْحٌ شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ،\n\n٥٥١٦ - فَإِذَا جَازَ أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ لِلَّهِ بِسَجْدَةٍ فَكَيْفَ كَرِهْتَ أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ لِلَّهِ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا؟","vol":"4","page":73},{"text":"٥٥١٧ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ ⦗٧٤⦘ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ رَأَى أَبَا ذَرٍّ يُكْثِرُ الرُّكُوعَ وَالسُّجُودَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: \" أَيُّهَا الشَّيْخُ أَتَدْرِي عَلَى شَفْعٍ تَنْصَرِفُ أَمْ عَلَى وِتْرٍ؟ فَقَالَ: لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَدْرِي \"\n\n٥٥١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَإِذَا أَنَا بِشَيْخٍ كَثِيرِ الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ. قُلْتُ: إِنَّكَ شَيْخٌ. وَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي عَلَى شَفْعٍ انْصَرَفْتَ أَمْ عَلَى وِتْرٍ. قَالَ: إِنِّي قَدْ كُفِيتُ حِفْظَهُ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَسْجُدَ لِلَّهِ سَجْدَةً إِلَّا رَفَعَنِي اللَّهُ بِهَا دَرَجَةً أَوْ كَتَبَ لِي بِهَا حَسَنَةً، أَوْ جَمَعَهُمَا لِي كِلْتَيْهِمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ: الشَّيْخُ الَّذِي صَلَّى وَقَالَ الْمَقَالَةَ هُوَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ.\n\n٥٥١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قِصَّةً فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى","vol":"4","page":73},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-271>فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْوِتْرِ</span>\n٥٥٢٠ - قَدْ رَوَيْنَاهُمَا فِي حَدِيثِ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُمَا فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَثَوْبَانَ\n\n٥٥٢١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: قِرَاءَتُهُ فِيهِمَا بَعْدَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ: إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الْأَرْضُ، وَقُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ، وَإِسْنَادُ حَدِيثِهِمَا لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"4","page":75},{"text":"٥٥٢٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَاجِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «اجْعَلُوا آخِرَ صَلَاتِكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وِتْرًا» وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ\n\n٥٥٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ آخِرَ صَلَاتِهِ الْوِتْرُ» ⦗٧٦⦘. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ","vol":"4","page":75},{"text":"٥٥٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَسَأَلَهَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِاللَّيْلِ فَقَالَتْ: «كَانَ يُصَلِّي ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ صَلَّى إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً، وَتَرَكَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قُبِضَ حِينَ قُبِضَ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ تِسْعَ رَكَعَاتٍ آخِرَ صَلَاتِهِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ الْوِتْرُ». وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ\n\n٥٥٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٥٢٦ - وَفِي هَذَا مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ تَرَكَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْوِتْرِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ: «اجْعَلُوا آخِرَ صَلَاتِكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وِتْرًا»","vol":"4","page":76},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-272>الْوِتْرُ فِي أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ وَوَسَطِهِ وَآخِرِهِ</span>","vol":"4","page":77},{"text":"٥٥٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَدْ سَمِعْتُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «أَوْتَرَ أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ وَآخِرَهُ» فِي حَدِيثٍ ثَبَتَ مِثْلُهُ وَحَدِيثٍ دُونَهُ، وَذَلِكَ مِمَّا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الْمُبَاحِ لَهُ أَنْ يُوتِرَ فِي اللَّيْلِ كُلِّهِ","vol":"4","page":77},{"text":"٥٥٢٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ كَلَامَهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو يَعْفُورَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «مِنْ كُلِّ اللَّيْلِ أَوْتَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَانْتَهَى وِتْرُهُ إِلَى السَّحَرِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ ⦗٧٨⦘\n\n٥٥٢٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ وَثَّابٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «مِنْ أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ وَأَوْسَطِهِ وَآخِرِهِ، فَانْتَهَى وِتْرُهُ إِلَى السَّحَرِ».\n\n٥٥٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَيْسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ وِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ: «رُبَّمَا أَوْتَرَ أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ وَرُبَّمَا أَوْتَرَ مِنْ آخِرِهِ».\n\n٥٥٣١ - وَاخْتَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ الْوِتْرَ فِي آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ ⦗٧٩⦘\n\n٥٥٣٢ - قَالَ: لِأَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي يَعْفُورَ: «انْتَهَى وِتْرُهُ إِلَى آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ». وَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ رِوَايَةَ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، يَعْنِي فِي وِتْرِهِ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ،\n\n٥٥٣٣ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فَقَدْ مَضَى.\n\n٥٥٣٤ - وَحَدِيثُ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ يَرِدُ.\n\n٥٥٣٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَهُوَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي بَابِ مَوْقِفِ الْإِمَامِ","vol":"4","page":77},{"text":"٥٥٣٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ قَيْسِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَأَرْمُقَنَّ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ اللَّيْلَةَ. قَالَ: فَتَوَسَّدْتُ عَتَبَتَهُ أَوْ فُسْطَاطَهُ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ خَفِيفَتَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ طَوِيلَتَيْنِ طَوِيلَتَيْنِ طَوِيلَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا دُونَ اللَّتَيْنِ قَبْلَهُمَا، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا دُونَ اللَّتَيْنِ قَبْلَهُمَا، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا دُونَ اللَّتَيْنِ قَبْلَهُمَا، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا دُونَ اللَّتَيْنِ قَبْلَهُمَا، ثُمَّ أَوْتَرَ، فَذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":79},{"text":"٥٥٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ تَذَاكَرَا الْوِتْرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، \" فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَمَّا أَنَا فَأُوتِرُ فِي أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ، وَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَمَّا أَنَا فَأُوتِرُ فِي آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «حَذِرَ هَذَا، وَقَوِيَ هَذَا»","vol":"4","page":80},{"text":"٥٥٣٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: «مَتَى تُوتِرُ؟» قَالَ: قَبْلَ أَنْ أَنَامَ أَوْ قَالَ: فِي أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ. وَقَالَ: «يَا عُمَرُ مَتَى تُوتِرُ؟» قَالَ: آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" أَلَا أَضْرِبُ لَكُمْ مَثَلًا؟ أَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَكَالَّذِي قَالَ: أَحْرَزْتُ نَهْبِي وَأَبْتَغِي النَّوَافِلَ، وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا عُمَرُ: فَتَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ الْأَقْوِيَاءِ \"\n\n٥٥٣٩ - وَرَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَأَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗٨١⦘، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ خَافَ أَنْ لَا يَسْتَيْقِظَ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ فَلْيُوتِرْ أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ لِيَرْقُدْ، وَمَنْ طَمِعَ أَنْ يَسْتَيْقِظَ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ فَلْيُوتِرْ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ؛ فَإِنَّ قِرَاءَةَ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ مَحْضُورَةٌ وَذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ»","vol":"4","page":80},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-273>مَنْ أَوْتَرَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَشَفَعَ وِتْرَهُ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَشْفَعْ</span>","vol":"4","page":82},{"text":"٥٥٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ بِمَكَّةَ وَالسَّمَاءُ مُغَيَّمَةٌ، «فَخَشِيَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ الصُّبْحَ، فَأَوْتَرَ بِوَاحِدَةٍ، ثُمَّ انْكَشَفَ الْغَيْمُ، فَرَأَى أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ لَيْلًا فَتَشَفَّعَ بِوَاحِدَةٍ»","vol":"4","page":82},{"text":"٥٥٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: أَفَتَقُولُ: يَشْفَعُ وِتْرَهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا. رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنْ يَشْفَعَ وِتْرَهُ.\n\n٥٥٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَائِذِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّجَرَةِ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَشْفَعُ وِتْرَهُ وَلَا يُعِيدُهَا\n\n٥٥٤٣ - وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: ذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَلْعَبُ بِوِتْرِهِ يَعْنِي: الَّذِي يُوتِرُ ثُمَّ يَنَامُ، فَإِذَا قَامَ شَفَعَ بِرَكْعَةٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى ثُمَّ أَعَادَ وِتْرَهُ","vol":"4","page":82},{"text":"٥٥٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَقُولُ: مَنْ أَوْتَرَ أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ صَلَّى مَثْنَى مَثْنَى حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ،\n\n٥٥٤٥ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ الْغَنَوِيِّ، عَنْ حِطَّانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: \" الْوِتْرُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْوَاعٍ: فَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يُوتِرَ أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ أَوْتَرَ، ثُمَّ إِنِ اسْتَيْقَظَ فَشَاءَ أَنْ يَشْفَعَهَا بِرَكْعَةٍ وَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ ثُمَّ يُوتِرُ فَعَلَ. وَإِنْ شَاءَ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ. وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَوْتَرَ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ \"\n\n٥٥٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَكْرَهُونَ أَنْ يَنْقُضَ وِتْرُهُ، وَيَقُولُونَ: إِذَا أَوْتَرَ صَلَّى مَثْنَى مَثْنَى\n\n٥٥٤٧ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِي خِلَافِهِمْ عَلِيًّا ﵁، وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِقَوْلِهِ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ بِمَا فِي بَعْضِ الْحَدِيثِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ بَعْدَ الْوِتْرِ، وَتِلْكَ نَافِلَةٌ بَعْدَ الْوِتْرِ فِي وَقْتٍ قَدْ يَجُوزُ فِيهِ الْوِتْرُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ","vol":"4","page":83},{"text":"٥٥٤٨ - وَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ عَشَرَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَيُوتِرُ بِسَجْدَةٍ، وَيَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ لِلْفَجْرِ، تِلْكَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً» ⦗٨٤⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ،\n\n٥٥٤٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَيْضًا بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي وِتْرِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ وَقَدْ مَضَى.\n\n٥٥٥٠ - وَذَكَرَ أَصْحَابُنَا مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُعِدْ وِتْرَهُ، وَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «لَا وِتْرَانِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ»","vol":"4","page":83},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-274>مَا يُقْرَأُ فِي الْوِتْرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":85},{"text":"٥٥٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ  «يُوتِرُ بِثَلَاثٍ يَقْرَأُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ بِتِسْعِ سُوَرٍ مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ»\n\n٥٥٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ يَقْرَأُ بِ: سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ بِ: قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ، وَفِي ⦗٨٦⦘ الثَّالِثَةِ بِ: قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ: يَقْرَأُ فِيهَا قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ، وَقُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ، وَقُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ وَيَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَالرَّكْعَةِ بِالتَّسْلِيمِ\n\n٥٥٥٣ - وَهَذَا أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا إِيَّاهُمْ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ، مَعَ دَعْوَاهُمْ مُوَافَقَتَهُ، وَنَحْنُ تَبِعْنَا فِيهِ السُّنَّةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ نُضَيِّقَ عَلَيْهِ فِي قِرَاءَةِ غَيْرِهِنَّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":85},{"text":"٥٥٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُفَيْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ  «يَقْرَأُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ يُوتِرُ بَعْدَهُمَا بِ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَقُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ وَيَقْرَأُ فِي الْوِتْرِ بِ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ وَقُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ، وَقُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ»\n\n٥٥٥٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عُفَيْرٍ،\n\n٥٥٥٦ - ورَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ فِي آخَرِينَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ دُونَ هَذَا الْبَيَانِ، وَذَكَرُوا الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ مَعَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ","vol":"4","page":86},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-275>مَوْضِعُ الْقُنُوتِ</span>\n٥٥٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: الْقُنُوتُ كُلُّهُ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ","vol":"4","page":88},{"text":"٥٥٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ:  «أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ يَقْنُتُ فِي الْوِتْرِ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٥٥٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ لَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا يَقُولُونَ: يَقْنُتُ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ\n\n٥٥٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ذَكَرَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رِوَايَةَ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَنَتَ فِي الْوِتْرِ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٥٥٦١ - وَرِوَايَةُ عِيسَى، عَنْ فِطْرِ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، مِثْلُهُ.\n\n٥٥٦٢ - وَرِوَايَةُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ ⦗٨٩⦘،\n\n٥٥٦٣ - ثُمَّ ضَعَّفَ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ، وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِمُخَالَفَتِهَا رِوَايَةَ جَمَاعَةٍ يَزِيدُ عَدَدُهُمْ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْقُنُوتِ\n\n٥٥٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْمَشْهُورُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: بِتُّ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؛ لِأَنْظُرَ كَيْفَ يَقْنُتُ فِي وِتْرِهِ، «فَقَنَتَ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ» وَأَخْبَرَتْنِي أُمِّي أَنَّهُ قَنَتَ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ.\n\n٥٥٦٥ - وَأَبَانُ بْنُ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ مَتْرُوكٌ\n\n٥٥٦٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عَطَاءُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْحَلَبِيُّ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٥٥٦٧ - وَالثَّالِثُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «قَنَتَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ بَعْدَ الرُّكُوعِ»","vol":"4","page":88},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-276>تَخْفِيفُ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":90},{"text":"٥٥٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَمْرَةَ تُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ، فَيُخَفِّفُهُمَا حَتَّى إِنِّي لَأَقُولُ هَلْ قَرَأَ فِيهِمَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ؟» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ ⦗٩١⦘\n\n٥٥٦٩ - وَذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ وَقَالَ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ\n\n٥٥٧٠ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا خَفَّفَ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ لِتَعْجِيلِ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ تَأْكِيدٌ لِتَعْجِيلِ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ أَمْكَنَ تَعْجِيلُهَا، وَلَوْلَا ذَلِكَ الْمَعْنَى كَانَ كُلَّمَا طَالَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْمَرْءِ لِنَفْسِهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا\n\n٥٥٧١ - وَقَدِ اسْتَحَبَّ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ وَالرَّبِيعِ: أَنْ يَقْرَأَ فِي رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ وَقُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ قَالَ: وَإِنْ قَرَأَ غَيْرَهُمَا مَعَ أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ أَجْزَأَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ\n\n٥٥٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «قَرَأَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ وَقُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ».\n\n٥٥٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٥٥٧٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ \" يَقْرَأُ فِي رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ فِي الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا الْآيَةَ الَّتِي فِي الْبَقَرَةِ قَوْلَهَ: ﴿قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ ⦗٩٢⦘ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا﴾ [البقرة: ١٣٦] الْآيَةَ كُلَّهَا. وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ: ﴿آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٥٢]\n\n٥٥٧٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: ﴿قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا﴾ [البقرة: ١٣٦] وَالَّتِي فِي آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ﴿تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ﴾ [آل عمران: ٦٤]\n\n٥٥٧٦ - وَهَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارُ لَا تُنَافِي حَدِيثَ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ لِجَوَازِ أَنْ يُقْتَصَرَ فِيهِمَا عَلَى أُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ مَرَّةً وَيَزِيدَ عَلَيْهَا أُخْرَى عَلَى مَمَرِّ الْأَوْقَاتِ، وَهُوَ مَعَ هَذِهِ الْقِرَاءَةِ تَخْفِيفٌ","vol":"4","page":90},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-277>الِاضْطِجَاعُ بَعْدَ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ أَوِ التَّحَدُّثُ بَعْدَهُمَا</span>","vol":"4","page":93},{"text":"٥٥٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ، فَإِنْ كُنْتُ مُسْتَيْقِظَةً حَدَّثَنِي، وَإِلَّا اضْطَجَعَ حَتَّى يَقُومَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٥٥٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٥٥٧٩ - وَالشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ يُشِيرُ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لِلْفَصْلِ بَيْنَ النَّافِلَةِ وَالْفَرِيضَةِ","vol":"4","page":93},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-278>صَلَاةُ الضُّحَى</span>","vol":"4","page":94},{"text":"٥٥٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ يَقُولُ: عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ أَنَّهَا رَأَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «صَلَّى الضُّحَى ثَمَانِ رَكَعَاتٍ لَمْ تَرَهُ صَلَّى قَبْلَهَا وَلَا بَعْدَهَا فِي ثَوْبٍ قَدْ خَالَفَ بَيْنَ طَرَفَيْهِ» ⦗٩٥⦘\n\n٥٥٨١ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ ثَمَانِ رَكَعَاتٍ لَمْ يُسَمِّ الضُّحَى، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَهُ: لَمْ تَرَهُ\n\n٥٥٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لِيَلِيَ، عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ،\n\n٥٥٨٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ كُرَيْبٍ عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ «يُسَلِّمُ مِنْ كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ».\n\n٥٥٨٤ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَوْصَانِي خَلِيلِي أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ بِثَلَاثٍ: «الْوِتْرِ قَبْلَ النَّوْمِ، وَصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ، وَرَكْعَتَيِ الضُّحَى».\n\n٥٥٨٥ - وَثَبَتَ عَنْ مُعَاذَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ الضُّحَى أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ، وَيَزِيدُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ» ⦗٩٦⦘.\n\n٥٥٨٦ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْهَا مِنْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ لَا يُصَلِّيهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِيءَ مِنْ مَغِيبِهِ، فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَتْ بِذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُدَاوِمُ عَلَيْهَا","vol":"4","page":94},{"text":"٥٥٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ: \" خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَهْلِ قُبَاءٍ، وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ الضُّحَى فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ صَلَاةَ الْأَوَّابِينَ إِذَا رَمِضَتِ الْفِصَالُ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ⦗٩٧⦘.\n\n٥٥٨٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، وَهِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ\n\n٥٥٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى\n\n٥٥٩٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا غَلَطَ فِيهِ سُفْيَانُ فَقَالَ: عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى بَدَلَ زَيْدٍ","vol":"4","page":96},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-279>تَحِيَّةُ الْمَسْجِدِ</span>","vol":"4","page":98},{"text":"٥٥٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ السُّلَمِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا دَخَلَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَلْيَرْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٩٩⦘\n\n٥٥٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ وَذَلِكَ اخْتِيَارٌ لَا فَرْضٌ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ فَرْضَ الصَّلَوَاتِ فَقَالَ: «خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ». فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهُمْ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا. إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَوَّعَ».\n\n٥٥٩٣ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنَّ مَنْ تَرَكَهُمَا لَمْ يَقْضِهِمَا\n\n٥٥٩٤ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ، فَوَجَدَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَاعِدًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقَصَدَ إِلَيْهِ لِيُخْبِرَهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ فِي جَيْشٍ قَالَ: فَأَتَيْتُهُ وَلَمْ أَرْكَعْ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَمْرٌو، فَرَكَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ فَظَنَنْتُ أَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنْ سَيَظْفَرَ. قَالَ: وَلَمْ يُحْكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ بِأَنْ يَقْضِيَ. تَرَكَهُ أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِالنَّافِلَةِ","vol":"4","page":98},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-280>بَابُ فَضْلِ الْجَمَاعَةِ وَالْعُذْرِ بِتَرْكِهَا صَلَاةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":100},{"text":"٥٥٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ - ﵀ -: \" ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ ﵎ الْأَذَانَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِذَا نَادَيْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ اتَّخَذُوهَا هُزُوًا وَلَعِبًا﴾ [المائدة: ٥٨]، وَقَالَ: ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩]، فَأَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِثْبَاتَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَسَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَذَانَ لِلصَّلَوَاتِ الْمَكْتُوبَاتِ، فَاحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَوْجَبَ إِتْيَانَ صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ الْجُمُعَةِ، كَمَا أَمَرَ بِإِثْبَاتِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَتَرْكِ الْبَيْعِ، وَاحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَذِنَ بِهَا، لِتُصَلَّى لِوَقْتِهَا ⦗١٠١⦘\n\n٥٥٩٦ - وَقَدْ جَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُسَافِرًا وَمُقِيمًا، خَائِفًا وَغَيْرَ خَائِفٍ. وَقَالَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ مَعَكَ﴾ [النساء: ١٠٢] الْآيَةَ وَالَّتِي بَعْدَهَا.\n\n٥٥٩٧ - وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ جَاءَ الصَّلَاةَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهَا وَعَلَيْهِ السَّكِينَةُ، وَرَخَّصَ فِي تَرْكِ إِتْيَانِ صَلَاةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي الْعُذْرِ بِمَا سَأَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ.\n\n٥٥٩٨ - فَأَشْبَهَ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ أَنْ لَا يَحِلَّ تَرْكُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ كُلَّ مَكْتُوبَةٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ، حَتَّى لَا يَخْلُوا جَمَاعَةٌ مُقِيمُونَ وَلَا مُسَافِرُونَ مِنْ أَنْ تُصَلَّى فِيهِمْ صَلَاةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ \"","vol":"4","page":100},{"text":"٥٥٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا السَّائِبُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حُبَيْشٍ، عَنْ مَعْدَانَ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ الْيَعْمُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فِي قَرْيَةٍ وَلَا بَدْو وَلَا يُقَامُ فِيهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ، إِلَّا قَدِ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ، فَعَلَيْكَ بِالْجَمَاعَةَ، فَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ الذِّئْبُ الْقَاصِيَةَ»\n\n٥٦٠٠ - قَالَ السَّائِبُ: يَعْنِي بِالْجَمَاعَةِ: الصَّلَاةَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ ⦗١٠٢⦘. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ","vol":"4","page":101},{"text":"٥٦٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ آمُرَ بِحَطَبٍ فَيُحْطَبَ، ثُمَّ آمُرُ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَيُؤَذَّنُ لَهَا، ثُمَّ آمُرُ رَجُلًا فَيَؤُمُّ النَّاسَ، ثُمَّ أُخَالِفُ إِلَى رِجَالٍ فَأُحَرِّقُ عَلَيْهِمْ بُيُوتَهُمْ، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ يَعْلَمُ أَحَدُهُمْ أَنَّهُ يَجِدُ عَظْمًا سَمِينًا أَوْ مِرْمَاتَيْنِ حَسَنَتَيْنِ، لَشَهِدَ الْعِشَاءَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ⦗١٠٣⦘\n\n٥٦٠٢ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «إِنَّ أَثْقَلَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ صَلَاةُ الْعِشَاءِ، وَصَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ، وَلَوْ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا فِيهِمَا لَأَتَوْهُمَا وَلَوْ حَبْوًا»","vol":"4","page":102},{"text":"٥٦٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ شُهُودُ الْعِشَاءِ وَالصُّبْحِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَهُمَا» أَوْ نَحْوُ هَذَا ⦗١٠٤⦘.\n\n٥٦٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ. فَيُشْبِهُ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ هَمِّهِ بِأَنْ يُحَرِّقَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ بُيُوتَهُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَالَهُ فِي قَوْمٍ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ لِنِفَاقٍ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٥٦٠٥ - فَلَا أُرَخِّصُ لِمَنْ قَدَرَ عَلَى صَلَاةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي تَرْكِ إِتْيَانِهَا إِلَّا مِنْ عُذْرٍ","vol":"4","page":103},{"text":"٥٦٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁ قَالَ: \" لَا صَلَاةَ لِجَارِ الْمَسْجِدِ إِلَّا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ قِيلَ: وَمَنْ جَارُ الْمَسْجِدِ؟ قَالَ: مَنْ أَسْمَعَهُ الْمُنَادِي \"\n\n٥٦٠٧ - أَوْرَدَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْإِلْزَامِ، وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"4","page":104},{"text":"٥٦٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّعْرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَرْفَعُهُ قَالَ:  «مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ فَلَمْ يَأْتِهِ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ إِلَّا مِنْ عُذْرٍ» ⦗١٠٥⦘\n\n٥٦٠٩ - رَفَعَهُ هُشَيْمٌ، وَقُرَادٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَوَقَفَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مَغْرَاءُ الْعَبْدِيُّ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"4","page":104},{"text":"٥٦١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ» وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ مَرْفُوعًا، وَمَوْقُوفًا، وَالْمَوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ","vol":"4","page":105},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-281>فَضْلُ صَلَاةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":106},{"text":"٥٦١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ⦗١٠٧⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «صَلَاةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ تَفْضُلُ صَلَاةَ الْفَذِّ بِسَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ دَرَجَةً» وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":106},{"text":"٥٦١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «صَلَاةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ أَحَدِكُمْ وَحْدَهُ بِخَمْسَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ جُزْءًا»\n\n٥٦١٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ","vol":"4","page":107},{"text":"٥٦١٤ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «صَلَاةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ أَحَدِكُمْ وَحْدَهُ بِخَمْسَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ جُزْءًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، هَذَا هُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٥٦١٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ رِوَايَةَ حَرْمَلَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى مَعَ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَانِ ثَابِتَانِ عِنْدَنَا، فَيَنْبَغِي لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ أَنْ يَرْغَبُوا فِي صَلَاةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ لِاسْتِدْرَاكِهِمْ فِيهَا مِنْ تَضْعِيفِ الْأَجْرِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا\n\n٥٦١٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗١٠٩⦘\n\n٥٦١٧ - وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ الرَّبِيعِ حَدِيثَ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، فَمِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الرَّبِيعَ وَهَمَ فِيهَا، بِدَلِيلِ رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ، وَالْمُزَنِيِّ، وَحَرْمَلَةَ، وَزَعَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ رَوَى فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ أَحَادِيثَ رَوَاهَا خَارِجَ الْمُوَطَّأِ بِأَسَانِيدَ أُخَرَ رَوَاهَا عَنْهُ كِبَارُ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ جُمْلَتِهَا، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ","vol":"4","page":108},{"text":"٥٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثِّقَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «فَضْلُ صَلَاةِ الرَّجُلِ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ وَحْدَهُ خَمْسَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ جُزْءًا»","vol":"4","page":109},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-282>فَضْلُ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، وَمَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":110},{"text":"٥٦١٩ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «صَلَاةٌ فِي مَسْجِدِي هَذَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ أَلْفِ صَلَاةٍ فِي غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْمَسَاجِدِ إِلَّا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ","vol":"4","page":110},{"text":"٥٦٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ مَا بَيْنَ مِنْبَرِي وَبَيْتِي رَوْضَةٌ مِنْ رِيَاضِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَمِنْبَرِي عَلَى حَوْضِي» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n٥٦٢١ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا فِي مَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَّهُ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى","vol":"4","page":111},{"text":"٥٦٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ صَخْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \" فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى؟ قَالَ: فَقَبَضَ قَبْضَةً مِنَ الْحَصَا، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِهَا الْأَرْضَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَا يَعْنِي مَسْجِدَ الْمَدِينَةِ \" ⦗١١٢⦘\n\n٥٦٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ صَخْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَعْنَى. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ","vol":"4","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-283>مَنْ كَرِهَ إِقَامَةَ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي مَسْجِدٍ قَدْ أَقَامَ فِيهِ الْإِمَامُ الْجَمَاعَةَ، إِذَا كَانَ فِيهَا تَفَرُّقُ الْكَلِمَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":113},{"text":"٥٦٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَإِنَّمَا كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِمَّا فَعَلَ السَّلَفُ قَبْلَنَا، بَلْ قَدْ عَابَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ ⦗١١٤⦘،\n\n٥٦٢٥ - ثُمَّ لَمْ يَكْرَهْهَا فِي مَسْجِدٍ لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ مُؤَذِّنٌ رَاتِبٌ، وَإِمَامٌ مَعْلُومٌ. قَالَ: لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِيهِ الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي وَصَفْتُ مِنْ تَفَرُّقِ الْكَلِمَةِ، وَأَنْ يَتَرَغَّبَ رِجَالٌ عَنْ إِمَامَةِ رَجُلٍ فَيَتَّخِذُونَ إِمَامًا غَيْرَهُ \"\n\n٥٦٢٦ - فَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ حَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ كَرَاهِيَةَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ، وَابْنِ عَوْنٍ، وَأَيُّوبَ، وَالْبَتِّيِّ، وَمَالِكٍ، وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ وَأَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ ⦗١١٥⦘،\n\n٥٦٢٧ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ؛ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى هَذَا فَيُصَلِّي مَعَهُ؟»","vol":"4","page":113},{"text":"٥٦٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُتَوَكِّلِ ⦗١١٦⦘، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" رَأَى رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي وَحْدَهُ فَقَالَ: «أَلَا رَجُلٌ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى هَذَا يُصَلِّي مَعَهُ؟»\n\n٥٦٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرْبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ الْمَسْجِدَ وَقَدْ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ»\n\n٥٦٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: «جَاءَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَقَدْ صَلَّيْنَا فَأَذَّنَ وَأَقَامَ وَصَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ»،\n\n٥٦٣١ - وَعَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَهُ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا ائْتَمَّ وَاحِدٌ بِرَجُلٍ فَهِيَ صَلَاةُ جَمَاعَةٍ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n٥٦٣٢ - قَالَ: وَكُلَّمَا كَثُرَتِ الْجَمَاعَةُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ وَأَقْرَبَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ","vol":"4","page":115},{"text":"٥٦٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْقَارِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ ⦗١١٨⦘، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ فَقَالَ: «أَشَاهِدٌ فُلَانٌ؟» لِنَفَرٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ هَاتَيْنِ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ مِنْ أَثْقَلِ الصَّلَوَاتِ عَلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَلَوْ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا فِيهِمَا لَأَتَوْهُمَا وَلَوْ حَبْوًا» يَعْنِي صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ وَالصُّبْحِ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَلَيْكُمْ بِالصَّفِّ الْمُقَدَّمِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ مِثْلُ صَفِّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَلَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ مَا فِيهِ لَابْتَدَرْتُمُوهُ»، وَقَالَ: «صَلَاتُكَ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ أَزْكَى مِنْ صَلَاتِكَ وَحْدَكَ، وَصَلَاتُكَ مَعَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ أَزْكَى مِنْ صَلَاتِكَ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ، وَمَا أَكْثَرْتَ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿»\n\n٥٦٣٤ - أَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ شُعْبَةُ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، وإِسْرَائِيلُ فِي آخَرِينَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ أَبِي مَعَ أَبِيهِ، وَسَمِعَهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ مِنْهُ وَمِنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَهُ شُعْبَةُ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ","vol":"4","page":117},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-284>الْعُذْرُ فِي تَرْكِ الْجَمَاعَةِ بِالْبَرْدِ وَالرِّيحِ وَالظُّلْمَةِ وَالْمَطَرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":119},{"text":"٥٦٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ أُذِّنَ فِي لَيْلَةٍ ذَاتِ بَرْدٍ وَرِيحٍ فَقَالَ: أَلَا صَلُّوا فِي الرِّحَالِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" كَانَ يَأْمُرُ الْمُؤَذِّنَ إِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ ذَاتُ مَطَرٍ يَقُولُ: أَلَا صَلُّوا فِي الرِّحَالِ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":119},{"text":"٥٦٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" كَانَ يَأْمُرُ مُنَادِيَهُ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الْمَطِيرَةِ، وَاللَّيْلَةِ الْبَارِدَةِ ذَاتِ الرِّيحِ: «أَلَا صَلُّوا فِي رِحَالِكُمْ»","vol":"4","page":120},{"text":"٥٦٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ ⦗١٢١⦘، عَنْ عِتْبَانِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: \" قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي مَحْجُوبُ الْبَصَرِ، وَإِنَّ السُّيُولَ تَحُولُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَهَلْ لِي مِنْ عُذْرٍ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «هَلْ تَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَا أَجِدُ لَكَ عُذْرًا إِذَا سَمِعْتَ النِّدَاءَ»\n\n٥٦٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَفِيهِ قِصَّةٌ لَمْ أَحْفَظْهَا،\n\n٥٦٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنَاهُ سُفْيَانُ، وَكَانَ يَتَوَقَّاهُ وَيَعْرِفُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَضْبِطُهُ، وَقَدْ أَوْهَمَ فِيهِ فِيمَا نَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٥٦٤٠ - وَالدَّلَالَةُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَالِكًا أَخْبَرَنَا عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ⦗١٢٢⦘، عَنْ عِتْبَانِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَكَانَ يَؤُمُّ قَوْمَهُ وَهُوَ أَعْمَى وَأَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" إِنَّهَا تَكُونُ الظُّلْمَةُ وَالْمَطَرُ وَالسَّيْلُ، وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ ضَرِيرُ الْبَصَرِ، فَصَلِّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِي بَيْتِي مَكَانًا أَتَّخِذُهُ مُصَلًّى قَالَ: فَجَاءَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ؟ «فَأَشَارَ لَهُ إِلَى مَكَانٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَصَلَّى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n٥٦٤١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَيْضًا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ عِتْبَانَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَؤُمُّ قَوْمَهُ وَهُوَ أَعْمَى.\n\n٥٦٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَاللَّفْظُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي قِصَّةِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ الْأَعْمَى، وَتِلْكَ الْقِصَّةُ رُوِيَتْ عَنِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، وَرُوِيَتْ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ\n\n٥٦٤٣ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ لَا أَجِدُ لَكَ عُذْرًا أَوْ رُخْصَةً تَلْحَقُ فَضِيلَةَ مَنْ حَضَرَهَا، فَقَدْ رَخَّصَ لِعِتْبَانَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي التَّخَلُّفِ عَنْ حُضُورِهَا. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"4","page":120},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-285>الْعُذْرُ فِي تَرْكِ الْجَمَاعَةِ لِقَضَاءِ الْحَاجَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":123},{"text":"٥٦٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَرْقَمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَؤُمُّ أَصْحَابَهُ يَوْمًا، فَذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «إِذَا وَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْغَائِطَ فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِهِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ»","vol":"4","page":123},{"text":"٥٦٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَرْقَمَ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَصَحِبَهُ قَوْمٌ، فَكَانَ يَؤُمُّهُمْ فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَقَدَّمَ رَجُلًا وَقَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَوَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْغَائِطَ فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِالْغَائِطِ» ⦗١٢٤⦘\n\n٥٦٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ وَقَدْ نُهِيَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ وَهُوَ يُدَافِعُ الْأَخْبَثَيْنِ: الْغَائِطَ وَالْبَوْلَ","vol":"4","page":123},{"text":"٥٦٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَزْرَةَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بِحَضْرَةِ الطَّعَامِ، وَلَا هُوَ يُدَافِعُ الْأَخْبَثَيْنِ: الْغَائِطَ وَالْبَوْلَ \"\n\n٥٦٤٨ - قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ: وحَدَّثَنِي الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَزْرَةَ\n\n٥٦٤٩ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ.\n\n٥٦٥٠ - وَأَبُو عَتِيقٍ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ","vol":"4","page":124},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-286>الْعُذْرُ فِي تَرْكِ الْجَمَاعَةِ بِحُضُورِ عَشَائِهِ، وَنَفْسُهُ شَدِيدَةُ التَّوَقَانِ إِلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"4","page":125},{"text":"٥٦٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا حَضَرَ الْعَشَاءُ وَأُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَابْدَءُوا بِالْعَشَاءِ»","vol":"4","page":125},{"text":"٥٦٥٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗١٢٦⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا وُضِعَ الْعَشَاءُ وَأُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَابْدَءُوا بِالْعَشَاءِ» أَخْرَجَاهُمَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَهِشَامٍ","vol":"4","page":125},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-287>الْعُذْرُ فِي تَرْكِ الْجَمَاعَةِ بِالْمَرَضِ وَغَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"4","page":127},{"text":"٥٦٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُرَخِّصُ لَهُ فِي تَرْكِ الْجَمَاعَةِ بِالْمَرَضِ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرِضَ، فَتَرَكَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ أَيَّامًا كَثِيرَةً، وَبِالْخَوْفِ وَبِالسَّفَرِ وَبِمَرَضِ وَبِمَوْتِ مَنْ يَقُومُ بِأَمْرِهِ، وَبِإِصْلَاحِ مَا يُخَافُ فَوْتُ إِصْلَاحِهِ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَمَنْ يَقُومُ بِأَمْرِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ \"","vol":"4","page":127},{"text":"٥٦٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ،  «أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ فِي وَجَعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ⦗١٢٨⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"4","page":127},{"text":"٥٦٥٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ سَمِعَ الْمُنَادِيَ فَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ مِنَ اتِّبَاعِهِ عُذْرٌ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي صَلَّاهَا». قَالُوا: وَمَا عُذْرُهُ؟ قَالَ: «خَوْفٌ أَوْ مَرَضٌ».\n\n٥٦٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو رَجَاءٍ قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي جَنَابٍ، عَنْ مَغْرَاءَ الْعَبْدِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. بِذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ","vol":"4","page":128},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-288>مَنْ أَكَلَ ثُومًا أَوْ بَصَلًا</span>","vol":"4","page":129},{"text":"٥٦٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ أَوْ أَبِي وَكِيعٍ: إِنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: «لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُ الثُّومِ إِلَّا مَطْبُوخًا»\n\n٥٦٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، بَلْ يُنْكِرُونَهُ وَيَقُولُونَ: مَا يَقُولُ هَذَا أَحَدٌ أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَهُمْ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ ⦗١٣٠⦘\n\n٥٦٥٩ - قَالَ: وَيُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَكَلَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ فَلَا يَقْرَبَنَّ مَسَاجِدَنَا، يُؤْذِينَا بِرِيحِ الثُّومِ»\n\n٥٦٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي نَأْخُذُ بِهِ\n\n٥٦٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْمَرْفُوعُ فَهُوَ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا ابْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٦٦٢ - قَالَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَتِهِ «مَسْجِدَنَا». وَقَالَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ: «مَسَاجِدَنَا». وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ رَاشِدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"4","page":129},{"text":"٥٦٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ اللَّخْمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ ح\n\n٥٦٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَكَلَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ، فَلَا يَقْرَبَنَّ مَسْجِدَنَا، وَلَا يُؤْذِينَا بِرِيحِ الثُّومِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ ⦗١٣١⦘\n\n٥٦٦٥ - وَفِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «فَلَا يَأْتِيَنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ»،\n\n٥٦٦٦ - وَفِي بَعْضِهَا: «فَلَا يَقْرَبَنَّ مَسْجِدَنَا»","vol":"4","page":130},{"text":"٥٦٦٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْجَرَّاحُ أَبُو وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ:  «نُهِيَ عَنْ أَكْلِ الثُّومِ إِلَّا مَطْبُوخًا»\n\n٥٦٦٨ - شَرِيكٌ هَذَا هُوَ ابْنُ حَنْبَلٍ.\n\n٥٦٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَكَلَ مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ الشَّجَرَتَيْنِ فَلَا يَقْرَبَنَّ مَسْجِدَنَا، فَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ لَا بُدَّ آكِلِيهِمَا فَأَمِيتُوهُمَا طَبْخًا» ⦗١٣٢⦘.\n\n٥٦٧٠ - وَزَعَمَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀، أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَهُ بِاعْتِزَالِ الْمَسْجِدِ عُقُوبَةً لَهُ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا مِنْ بَابِ الْأَعْذَارِ","vol":"4","page":131},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-289>بَابُ صَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ قَاعِدًا بِقِيَامٍ</span>","vol":"4","page":133},{"text":"٥٦٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَإِنَّمَا اخْتَرْتُ أَنْ يُوَكِّلَ الْإِمَامُ إِذَا مَرِضَ رَجُلًا صَحِيحًا يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ قَائِمًا.\n\n٥٦٧٢ - إِنَّ مَرَضَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ أَيَّامًا كَثِيرَةً، وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ نَعْلَمْهُ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ جَالِسًا فِي مَرَضِهِ إِلَّا مَرَّةً لَمْ يُصَلِّ بِهِمْ بَعْدَهَا عَلِمْتُهُ حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللَّهَ ﷿ ⦗١٣٤⦘،\n\n٥٦٧٣ - فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ التَّوْكِيلَ بِهِمْ وَالصَّلَاةَ قَاعِدًا جَائِزَانِ عِنْدَهُ مَعًا، وَكَانَ مَا صَلَّى بِهِمْ غَيْرُهُ بِأَمْرِهِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ\n\n٥٦٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيمَا قُلْتُ شَيْءٌ مَنْسُوخٌ وَنَاسِخٌ","vol":"4","page":133},{"text":"٥٦٧٥ - فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكِبَ فَرَسًا فَصُرِعَ عَنْهُ، فَجُحِشَ شِقُّهُ الْأَيْمَنُ، فَصَلَّى صَلَاةً مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ فَصَلَّيْنَا وَرَاءَهُ قُعُودًا، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: \" إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ، فَإِذَا صَلَّى قَائِمًا فَصَلُّوا قِيَامًا، وَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَارْفَعُوا، وَإِذَا قَالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا: رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ. وَإِذَا صَلَّى جَالِسًا فَصَلُّوا جُلُوسًا أَجْمَعِينَ \" أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":134},{"text":"٥٦٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِهِ وَهُوَ شَاكٍ فَصَلَّى جَالِسًا، وَصَلَّى وَرَاءَهُ قَوْمٌ قِيَامًا، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اجْلِسُوا، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ، فَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَارْفَعُوا، وَإِذَا صَلَّى جَالِسًا فَصَلُّوا جُلُوسًا» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ\n\n٥٦٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهَذَا ثَابِتٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَنْسُوخٌ بِسُنَّتِهِ ⦗١٣٦⦘:\n\n٥٦٧٨ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَرْوِي، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى جَالِسًا مِنْ سَقْطَةِ فَرَسٍ، وَعَائِشَةُ تَرْوِي ذَلِكَ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَتَهُمَا، وَأَمَرَ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْعِلَّةِ بِالْجُلُوسِ إِذَا صَلَّى جَالِسًا «.\n\n٥٦٧٩ - ثُمَّ تَرْوِي عَائِشَةُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» صَلَّى فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ جَالِسًا وَالنَّاسُ خَلْفَهُ قِيَامًا \".\n\n٥٦٨٠ - قَالَ: وَهِيَ آخِرُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا بِالنَّاسِ بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي ﷺ حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللَّهَ ﷿. وَهَذَا لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا نَاسِخًا","vol":"4","page":135},{"text":"٥٦٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ فِي مَرَضِهِ، فَأَتَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْ كَمَا أَنْتَ.  «فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ»","vol":"4","page":136},{"text":"٥٦٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَسَّانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗١٣٧⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ وَجِعًا، فَأَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ، فَوَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خِفَّةً، فَجَاءَ فَقَعَدَ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَأَمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ، وَأَمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّاسَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ»\n\n٥٦٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ: ائْتَمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالنَّاسُ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ. قِيلَ: الْإِمَامُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مَأْمُومٌ عَلَمٌ لِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ جَالِسًا ضَعِيفَ الصَّوْتِ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمًا يُرَى وَيُسْمَعُ\n\n٥٦٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَذَكَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ: \" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى قَاعِدًا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمًا يُصَلِّي بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُمْ وَرَاءَهُ قِيَامًا","vol":"4","page":136},{"text":"٥٦٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: لَمَّا ثَقُلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَاءَ بِلَالٌ يُؤْذِنُهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ: «مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ» فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ خِفَّةً قَالَتْ: فَقَامَ يُهَادَى بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ، وَرِجْلَاهُ تَخُطَّانِ فِي الْأَرْضِ. قَالَتْ: \" فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ سَمِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حِسَّهُ ذَهَبَ لِيَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قُمْ مَكَانَكَ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٣٨⦘ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَنْ يَسَارِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ. قَالَتْ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ جَالِسًا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمًا، يَقْتَدِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِصَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيَقْتَدِي النَّاسُ بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ \" وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَوَكِيعٍ وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ\n\n٥٦٨٦ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، بِمَعْنَاهُ دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْيَسَارِ.\n\n٥٦٨٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ذَهَبَ يَتَأَخَّرُ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ صَلِّ، فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَقَعَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ يُصَلِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُسْمِعُ النَّاسَ التَّكْبِيرَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَتَابَعَهُ مُحَاضِرٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَأَخْرَجَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَفِيهِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِمَامًا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِصَلَاتِهِ.\n\n٥٦٨٨ - وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: مُسْنَدًا فِي أَوَّلِهِ، مُرْسَلًا فِي آخِرِهِ بِمَعْنَاهُ ⦗١٣٩⦘.\n\n٥٦٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَتْنِي الثِّقَةُ، كَأَنَّهُ يَعْنِي عَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ صَلَاةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n٥٦٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُمْ بِجُلُوسٍ وَلَمْ يَجْلِسُوا، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ مَنْسُوخٌ صَارُوا إِلَى الْجُلُوسِ بِمُتَقَدَّمِ أَمْرِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ بِالْجُلُوسِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا\n\n٥٦٩١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْجُلُوسِ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ حِينَ صُرِعَ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ، وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ مُطْلَقٌ مُجْمَلٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗١٤٠⦘\n\n٥٦٩٢ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نَقُولُ: لَا يُصَلِّي أَحَدٌ بِالنَّاسِ جَالِسًا، وَنَحْتَجُّ بِأَنَّا رُوِّينَا عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ صَلَّى بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ خِلَافٌ لِمَا أَخَذْنَا بِهِ، وَلَا مَا تَرَكْنَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، قَدْ مَرِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيَّامًا وَلَيَالِيَ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّهُ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ إِلَّا صَلَاةً وَاحِدَةً، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ فِي أَيَّامِهِ تِلْكَ، وَصَلَاةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالنَّاسِ مَرَّةً لَا يَمْنَعُ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ غَيْرَ تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةِ بِالنَّاسِ مَرَّةً وَمِرَارًا، فَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مَرَّةً وَمِرَارًا، لَمْ يَمْنَعْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَلَّى خَلْفَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أُخْرَى، كَمَا كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَكْثَرَ عُمْرِهِ\n\n٥٦٩٣ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَقَدْ ذَهَبْنَا إِلَى تَوْهِينِ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بِحَدِيثِ رَبِيعَةَ.\n\n٥٦٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّمَا ذَهَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ بِجَهَالَتِكُمْ بِالْحَدِيثِ وَالْحُجَجِ، حَدِيثُ رَبِيعَةَ مُرْسَلٌ لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ، وَنَحْنُ لَمْ نُثْبِتْ حَدِيثَ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ حَتَّى أَسْنَدَهُ هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَالْأَسْوَدُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَكَيْفَ احْتَجَجْتُمْ بِمَا لَا يَثْبُتُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى مَا يَثْبُتُ؟ وَهُوَ إِذَا ثَبَتَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ أَثْبَتَ حَدِيثٍ، يَكُونُ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ، لَا يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَ عُرْوَةَ، وَلَا أَنَسٍ وَلَا يُوَافِقُهُ، وَلَا مَعْنَى فِيهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِنَا ⦗١٤١⦘\n\n٥٦٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ثَبَتَ حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ فِي ائْتِمَامِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ","vol":"4","page":137},{"text":"٥٦٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْحَرَشِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: أَلَا تُحَدِّثِينِي عَنْ مَرَضِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَتْ: بَلَى. ثَقُلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «أَصَلَّى النَّاسُ؟» فَقُلْتُ: لَا. وَهُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: «ضَعُوا مَاءً فِي الْمِخْضَبِ». قَالَتْ: فَفَعَلْنَا فَاغْتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ لِيَنْوِيَ فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ. فَقَالَ: «أَصَلَّى النَّاسُ؟» فَقُلْتُ: لَا. وَهُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَكَ. قَالَ: «ضَعُوا لِي مَاءً فِي الْمِخْضَبِ». فَاغْتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ لِيَنْوِيَ فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَفَاقَ فَقَالَ: «أَصَلَّى النَّاسُ؟» قُلْتُ لَا. وَهُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَكَ. فَقَالَ: \" ضَعُوا لِي مَاءً فِي الْمِخْضَبِ فَفَعَلْنَا، فَاغْتَسَلَ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ لِيَنْوِيَ، فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ. فَقَالَ: «أَصَلَّى النَّاسُ؟» قُلْنَا: لَا. وَهُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَالنَّاسُ عُكُوفٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ لِصَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ. قَالَتْ: فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِأَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ، قَالَتْ: فَأَتَاهُ الرَّسُولُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا رَقِيقًا: يَا عُمَرُ صَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِذَلِكَ. فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَجَدَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ خِفَّةً فَخَرَجَ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا الْعَبَّاسُ لِصَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ. . . وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ذَهَبَ لِيَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ لَا تَتَأَخَّرْ قَالَ: «أَجْلِسَانِي إِلَى جَنْبِهِ». فَأَجْلَسَاهُ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ بِصَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ⦗١٤٢⦘ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَاعِدٌ \" قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَلَا أَعْرِضُ عَلَيْكَ مَا حَدَّثَتْنِي بِهِ عَائِشَةُ عَنْ مَرَضِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: هَاتِ. فَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَدِيثَهَا فَمَا أَنْكَرَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَسَمَّتِ لَكَ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي كَانَ مَعَ الْعَبَّاسِ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا. قَالَ: هُوَ عَلِيٌّ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ ⦗١٤٣⦘.\n\n٥٦٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّابِتُ يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ أَيَّامًا، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ لِصَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، فَأَتَمَّ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِيهَا وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَاعِدٌ.\n\n٥٦٩٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَنْ يَسَارِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ،\n\n٥٦٩٩ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ إِثْبَاتُ كَوْنِهِ إِمَامًا، لِوُقُوفِهِ مَوْقِفَ الْأَئِمَّةِ مَعَ قَوْلِهَا: يَقْتَدِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِصَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَمَّا قَوْلُ رَبِيعَةَ: إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ صَلَّى بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي لَفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n٥٧٠٠ - وَكَانَ شُعْبَةُ يَرْوِيهِ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ\n\n٥٧٠١ - وَنَشُكُّ فِي أَيِّهِمَا كَانَ الْمُقَدَّمَ، وَالَّذِي نَعْرِفُهُ بِالِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِسَائِرِ ⦗١٤٤⦘ الْأَخْبَارِ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الَّتِي صَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَهِيَ آخِرُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ، وَهِيَ غَيْرُ الصَّلَاةِ الَّتِي صَلَّاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ خَلْفَهُ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"4","page":141},{"text":"٥٧٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" صَلَّى خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ بُرْدٍ مُخَالِفًا بَيْنَ طَرَفَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقُومَ قَالَ: «ادْعُ لِي أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ». فَجَاءَ فَأَسْنَدَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى نَحْرِهِ فَكَانَتْ آخِرَ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا \"\n\n٥٧٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَهَذَا يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الَّتِي صَلَّاهَا خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ هِيَ آخِرُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا وَآخَرُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا هِيَ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَهُوَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي مَضَى فِيهِ لِسَبِيلِهِ ﷺ،\n\n٥٧٠٤ - ثُمَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَا يُخَالِفُ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَكَشْفِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سَتْرَ الْحُجْرَةِ وَنَظَرِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ صُفُوفٌ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ⦗١٤٥⦘، وَأَمْرِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ بِإِتْمَامِهَا، ثُمَّ إِرْخَائِهِ السِّتْرَ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ وَجَدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ خِفَّةً، فَخَرَجَ فَأَدْرَكَ مَعَهُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، وَهُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا قَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ ثَابِتٍ","vol":"4","page":144},{"text":"٥٧٠٥ - وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا ذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وذَكَرَهُ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقْلَعَ عَنْهُ الْوَعْكُ لَيْلَةَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، فَغَدَا إِلَى صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ فِي الْأُخْرَى، فَتَخَلَّصَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى قَامَ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَاسْتَأْخَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِثَوْبِهِ فَقَدَّمَهُ فِي مُصَلَّاهُ، فَصَلَّيَا جَمِيعًا، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمٌ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ قِرَاءَتَهُ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرَكَعَ مَعَهُ الرَّكْعَةَ الْأَخِيرَةَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حِينَ قَضَى سُجُودَهُ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَالنَّاسُ جُلُوسٌ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ أَتَمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الرَّكْعَةَ الْأَخِيرَةَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى جِذْعٍ مِنْ جُذُوعِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ فِي دُعَائِهِ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَعَهْدِهِ إِلَيْهِ فِيمَا بَعَثَهُ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ فِي وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ \"\n\n٥٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ،\n\n٥٧٠٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى مَا قُلْنَا وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ ⦗١٤٦⦘.\n\n٥٧٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَالصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي صَلَّاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ مَأْمُومٌ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَهِيَ الَّتِي خَرَجَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْعَبَّاسِ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَالصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي صَلَّاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ وَهِيَ الَّتِي خَرَجَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ وَغُلَامٍ لَهُ.\n\n٥٧٠٩ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ جَمْعٌ بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"4","page":145},{"text":"٥٧١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: رَوَى جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَؤُمَّنَّ أَحَدٌ بَعْدِي جَالِسًا»\n\n٥٧١١ - وَقَدْ عَلِمَ الَّذِي احْتَجَّ بِهَذَا أَنْ لَيْسَتْ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ؛ وَلِأَنَّهُ لَا يَثْبُتُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُرْسَلٌ؛ وَلِأَنَّهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَرْغَبُ النَّاسُ عَنِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْهُ\n\n٥٧١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: جَابِرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْجُعْفِيُّ مَتْرُوكٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، مَذْمُومٌ فِي رَأْيِهِ وَمَذْهَبِهِ.\n\n٥٧١٣ - وَقَالَ لَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ: قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: لَمْ يَرْوِهِ غَيْرُ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَالْحَدِيثُ مُرْسَلٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٍ\n\n٥٧١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهُوَ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ فَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَرَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ: «لَا يَؤُمَّنَّ أَحَدٌ جَالِسًا بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ». وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ مَوْقُوفٌ، وَرَاوِيهِ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٥٧١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الصِّنْفِ شَيْءٌ يَغْلَطُ فِيهِ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى الْحَدِيثِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيَّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ ⦗١٤٧⦘ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّهُمْ خَرَجُوا يُشَيِّعُونَهُ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ فَصَلَّى جَالِسًا وَصَلَّوْا خَلْفَهُ جُلُوسًا.\n\n٥٧١٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ أُسَيْدَ بْنَ حُضَيْرٍ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ\n\n٥٧١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذَا مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَعْلَمُ الشَّيْءَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَعْلَمُ خِلَافَهُ عَنْهُ فَيَقُولُ بِمَا عَلِمَ، ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُ فِي قَوْلِهِ بِمَا عَلِمَ وَرَوَى حُجَّةٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ عَلِمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ قَوْلًا أَوْ عَمِلَ عَمَلًا يَنْسَخُ الْعَمَلَ الَّذِي قَالَ بِهِ غَيْرُهُ وَعَمِلَ بِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا، وَأَرَادَ أَنَّهُمَا فَعَلَا ذَلِكَ، لِأَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَعْلَمَا مَا نَسْخَهُ قَالَ: وَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ عِلْمَ الْخَاصَّةِ يُوجَدُ عِنْدَ بَعْضٍ وَيَعْزُبُ عَنْ بَعْضٍ","vol":"4","page":146},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-290>مَنْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ</span>\n٥٧١٨ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: بِآيَةِ الِاسْتِئْذَانِ وَالِابْتِلَاءِ فِي وُجُوبِ الْفَرَائِضِ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ بِالْبُلُوغِ\n\n٥٧١٩ - قَالَ: وَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ الْجِهَادَ، فَأَبَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ عَلَى مَنِ اسْتَكْمَلَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، بِأَنْ أَجَازَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَامَ الْخَنْدَقِ ابْنَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَرَدَّهُ عَامَ أُحُدٍ ابْنَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً\n\n٥٧٢٠ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ يَرِدُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ\n\n٥٧٢١ - وَقَالَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ وَالرَّبِيعِ: وَيُؤْمَرُ الصَّبِيُّ بِالصَّلَاةَ إِذَا عَقَلَ ابْنَ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ","vol":"4","page":148},{"text":"٥٧٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سَبْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗١٤٩⦘، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مُرُوا الصَّبِيَّ بِالصَّلَاةِ إِذَا بَلَغَ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ، وَإِذَا بَلَغَ عَشَرَ سِنِينَ فَاضْرِبُوهُ عَلَيْهَا»\n\n٥٧٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «حَافِظُوا عَلَى أَوْلَادِكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَعَلِّمُوهُمُ الْخَيْرَ فَإِنَّمَا الْخَيْرُ عَادَةٌ»","vol":"4","page":148},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-291>بَابُ اخْتِلَافِ نِيَّةِ الْإِمَامِ وَالْمَأْمُومِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ</span>","vol":"4","page":150},{"text":"٥٧٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَمْرَو بْنَ دِينَارٍ يَقُولُ ⦗١٥١⦘: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ يُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْعِشَاءَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ قَالَ: فَصَلَّى مُعَاذٌ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَأَمَّ قَوْمَهُ فَقَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، فَتَنَحَّى رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ فَصَلَّى وَحْدَهُ فَقَالُوا لَهُ: أَنَافَقْتَ؟ قَالَ: لَا وَلَكِنِّي آتِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: \" يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّكَ أَخَّرْتَ الْعِشَاءِ، وَإِنَّ مُعَاذًا صَلَّى مَعَكَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَأَمَّنَا فَافْتَتَحَ بِسُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، فَلَمَّا ⦗١٥٢⦘ رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ تَأَخَّرْتُ فَصَلَّيْتُ، وَإِنَّمَا نَحْنُ أَصْحَابُ نَوَاضِحَ، نَعْمَلُ بِأَيْدِينَا، فَأَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى مُعَاذٍ فَقَالَ: «أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ يَا مُعَاذُ؟ أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ؟ اقْرَأْ بِسُورَةِ كَذَا وَسُورَةِ كَذَا»\n\n٥٧٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مِثْلَهُ وَزَادَ فِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: «اقْرَأْ بِ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى، وَالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ» وَنَحْوِهَا\n\n٥٧٢٦ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَمْرٍو: إِنَّ أَبَا الزُّبَيْرِ يَقُولُ: قَالَ لَهُ: «اقْرَأْ بِ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى، وَالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ» فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو: هَذَا هُوَ أَوْ نَحْوُهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ مُخْتَصَرًا. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَسَلِيمِ بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو.\n\n٥٧٢٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ كَانَ يُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةِ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمْ تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةَ ⦗١٥٣⦘.\n\n٥٧٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"4","page":150},{"text":"٥٧٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَّاجُ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «كَانَ مُعَاذٌ يُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْعِشَاءَ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَيُصَلِّيهَا لَهُمْ، هِيَ لَهُ تَطَوُّعٌ، وَهِيَ لَهُمْ مَكْتُوبَةٌ الْعِشَاءُ»\n\n٥٧٣٠ - شَكَّ الرَّبِيعُ فِي ذِكْرِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ فِيهِ.\n\n٥٧٣١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَرْمَلَةُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ لَا أَعْلَمُ حَدِيثًا يُرْوَى مِنْ طَرِيقٍ وَاحِدٍ أَثْبَتَ مِنْ هَذَا وَلَا أَوْثَقَ رِجَالًا ⦗١٥٤⦘\n\n٥٧٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ النَّبِيلُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةَ، وَالزِّيَادَةُ مِنَ الثِّقَةِ مَقْبُولَةٌ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا، وَقَدْ رُوِيَتْ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ","vol":"4","page":153},{"text":"٥٧٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ كَانَ «يُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْعِشَاءَ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَيُصَلِّي لَهُمُ الْعِشَاءَ وَهِيَ لَهُ نَافِلَةٌ»\n\n٥٧٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْأَصْلُ أَنَّ مَا كَانَ مَوْصُولًا بِالْحَدِيثِ تَكُونُ مِنْهُ وَخَاصَّةً إِذَا رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ، إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُومَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى التَّمْيِيزِ، فَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: هِيَ لَهُ تَطَوُّعٌ وَهِيَ لَهُمْ مَكْتُوبَةٌ مِنْ قَوْلِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n٥٧٣٥ - وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْلَمَ بِاللَّهِ وَأَخْشَى لِلَّهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَقُولُوا مِثْلَ هَذَا إِلَّا بِعِلْمٍ.\n\n٥٧٣٦ - وَحِينَ حَكَى الرَّجُلُ فِعْلَ مُعَاذٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمْ يُنْكِرْ مِنْهُ إِلَّا التَّطْوِيلَ، وَلَمْ يُفَصِّلِ الْحَالَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْإِمَامَةِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ فِيهَا تَفْصِيلٌ لَعَلَّمَهُ إِيَّاهُ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ تَرْكَ التَّطْوِيلِ، وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مَعَ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِبَطْنِ النَّخْلِ حِينَ مَرَّ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ الْفَرْضَ الْوَاحِدَ فِي الْيَوْمِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ،\n\n٥٧٣٧ - فَقَدِ ادَّعَى مَا لَا يَعْرِفُ، وَحَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ مَوْلَى مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا تُصَلُّوا صَلَاةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ» ⦗١٥٥⦘. لَا يَثْبُتُ بِثُبُوتِ حَدِيثِ مُعَاذٍ لِلِاخْتِلَافِ فِي الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِرِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ وَانْفَرَادِهِ بِهِ، وَالِاتِّفَاقُ عَلَى الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِرِوَايَاتِ رُوَاةِ حَدِيثِ مُعَاذٍ وَتَظَاهُرِهِمْ لِلِاخْتِلَافِ،\n\n٥٧٣٨ - ثُمَّ لَيْسَ فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى كَوْنِهِ شَرْعًا ثَابِتًا، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بِقَوْلِهِ: «لَا تُصَلُّوا صَلَاةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ». فَقَدْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُرَغِّبُهُمْ فِي إِعَادَةِ الصَّلَاةِ بِالْجَمَاعَةِ، فَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَعْضُهُمْ ذَهَبَ وَهْمُهُ إِلَى أَنَّ الْإِعَادَةَ وَاجِبَةٌ. فَقَالَ: «لَا تُصَلُّوا صَلَاةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ». أَيْ كِلْتَاهُمَا عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْوجُوبِ،\n\n٥٧٣٩ - وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ حِينَ لَمْ يُسَنَّ إِعَادَةُ الصَّلَاةِ بِالْجَمَاعَةَ لِإِدْرَاكِ فَضِيلَتِهَا، فَقَدْ وَقَعَ الْإِجْمَاعُ فِي بَعْضِ الصَّلَوَاتِ أَنَّهَا تُعَادُ ⦗١٥٦⦘،\n\n٥٧٤٠ - وَصَحَّ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ إِعَادَةُ غَيْرِ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالصُّبْحِ، وَعَنْهُ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْخَبَرُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٥٧٤١ - فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ نَسْخُ سُنَنٍ بِهَذَا الْخَبَرِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَأْرِيخٍ وَلَا سَبَبٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّسْخِ مَعَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الِاحْتِمَالِ؟","vol":"4","page":154},{"text":"٥٧٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، أَوْ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ فِي الْخَوْفِ بِبَطْنِ نَخْلَةَ، فَصَلَّى بِطَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ»\n\n٥٧٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْآخِرَةُ مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَافِلَةٌ وَلِلْآخَرِينَ فَرِيضَةٌ\n\n٥٧٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَثَبَتَ مَعْنَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَهُوَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، رَوَاهُ أَشْعَثُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"4","page":156},{"text":"٥٧٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ:  «إِنْ أَدْرَكْتَ الْعَصْرَ وَلَمْ تُصَلِّ الظُّهْرَ فَاجْعَلِ الَّتِي أَدْرَكْتَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ الظُّهْرَ، وَصَلِّ الْعَصْرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ» ⦗١٥٧⦘\n\n٥٧٤٦ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ يُخْبِرُ ذَلِكَ: قَدْ كَانَ يُقَالُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا أَدْرَكْتَ الْعَصْرَ وَلَمْ تُصَلِّ الظُّهْرَ فَاجْعَلِ الَّتِي أَدْرَكْتَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ الظُّهْرَ","vol":"4","page":156},{"text":"٥٧٤٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ كَانَ «تَفُوتُهُ الْعَتَمَةُ، فَيَأْتِي وَالنَّاسُ فِي الْقِيَامِ، فَيُصَلِّي مَعَهُمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يُثَنِّي عَلَيْهِمَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ» وَإِنَّهُ رَآهُ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَيُعْتَدُّ بِهِ مِنَ الْعَتَمَةِ","vol":"4","page":157},{"text":"٥٧٤٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ:  «مَنْ نَسِيَ الْعَصْرَ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُصَلِّهَا وَهُوَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ فَيَجْعَلُهَا الْعَصْرَ، فَإِنْ ذَكَرَهَا بَعْدَ مَا يُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ فَلْيُصَلِّ الْعَصْرَ»\n\n٥٧٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِثْلُ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى.\n\n٥٧٥٠ - وَيُرْوَى عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُ\n\n٥٧٥١ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَأَبُو رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ يَقُولُونَ هَذَا: جَاءَ قَوْمٌ أَبَا رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيَّ \" يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُصَلُّوا الظُّهْرَ فَوَجَدَوهُ قَدْ صَلَّى فَقَالُوا: مَا جِئْنَا إِلَّا لِنُصَلِّيَ مَعَكَ. فَقَالَ: لَا أُخَيِّبُكُمْ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ \"\n\n٥٧٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو قَطَنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي خَلْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيِّ","vol":"4","page":157},{"text":"٥٧٥٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ إِنْسَانٌ لِطَاوُوسٍ: \" وَجَدْتُ النَّاسَ فِي الْقِيَامِ فَجَعَلْتُهَا الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ؟ قَالَ: أَصَبْتَ \"\n\n٥٧٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي رَجُلٍ صَلَّى وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ الظُّهْرَ وَهُوَ يَنْوِي الْعَصْرَ قَالَ: يُجْزِئُهُ\n\n٥٧٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا: وَكُلُّ هَذَا جَائِزٌ بِالسُّنَّةَ، ثُمَّ مَا ذَكَرْنَا، ثُمَّ الْقِيَاسُ، وَنِيَّةُ كُلِّ مُصَلٍّ نِيَّةُ نَفْسِهِ لَا يُفْسِدُهَا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُخَالِفَهَا نِيَّةُ غَيْرِهِ، وَإِنْ أَمَّهُ،\n\n٥٧٥٦ - وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِصَلَاةِ الْمُقِيمِ خَلْفَ الْمُسَافِرِ، وَبِصَلَاةِ الْمَسْبُوقِ، وَبِصَلَاةِ الْمُتَنَفِّلِ خَلْفَ الْمُفْتَرِضِ، وَاحْتَجَّ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِحَدِيثِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «مَنْ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى هَذَا فَيُصَلِّيَ مَعَهُ؟» وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ\n\n٥٧٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ لِبَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَرَأَيْتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ إِذْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مِقْسَمٍ، أَصَحِيحٌ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. عَمْرٌو مِنْ أَوْثَقِ النَّاسِ قُلْتُ: وَجَابِرٌ أَوْثَقُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ: أَفَتَعْرِفُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خِلَافَهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا\n\n٥٧٥٨ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَنَا قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّ مُعَاذًا كَانَ يَجْعَلُ صَلَاتَهُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَافِلَةً، وَمَعَهُمْ فَرِيضَةً فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ يَقْطَعُ عَنْكَ الْعُذْرَ بِأَنْ قَالَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ: هِيَ لَهُ نَافِلَةٌ، وَلَهُمْ فَرِيضَةٌ. قَالَ: فَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ هَذَا الْحَرْفُ؟ قُلْتُ: إِذًا تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مَا قُلْتَ غَيْرَ مَا قُلْتَ. قَالَ: بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ؟ قُلْتُ: أَيَجْعَلُ مُعَاذٌ صَلَاتَهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّتِي لَعَلَّ صَلَاةً وَاحِدةً مَعَهُ ⦗١٥٩⦘ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا فِي عُمْرِهِ لَيْسَتْ مَعَهُ وَفِي الْجَمَاعَةِ الْكَثِيرَةِ نَافِلَةٌ، وَيَجْعَلُ صَلَاتَهُ فِي الْقَلِيلِ وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ فَرِيضَةً وَلَوْ كَانَ يَتَنَفَّلُهَا لَمْ يَنْتَظِرْهَا حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ لَيْلٌ، وَمَنْزِلُهُ نَاءٍ بَلْ يَتَنَفَّلُ وَيَنْصَرِفُ، وَلَوْ قَالَ هَذَا غَيْرُكُمْ.\n\n٥٧٥٩ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَهَلْ قَالَ قَوْلَكَ هَذَا أَحَدٌ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَهُ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، وَفَعَلَهُ وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ، وَطَاوُسٌ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، وَقَبْلَهُمْ فِي مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِمُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَرَجُلٌ أَوِ اثْنَانِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٥٧٦٠ - قَالَ: فَقَالَ بِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ زَمَانِكَ؟ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ عِنْدَكَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ. وَمَا يَحْتَاجُ حَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَنْ يُشَدَّدَ بِأَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ قَوْمٌ، مَا الْحَظُّ إِلَّا لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، وَلَا يَسَعُ خِلَافُهُ.\n\n٥٧٦١ - قَالَ: وَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ خَلْقٌ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ. قَالَ: شَبِيهًا بِقَوْلِهِ: أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، وَأَنْتَ تُخَالِفُ أَبَا قِلَابَةَ لَرَأْيِ نَفْسِكَ، أَفَتَجْعَلُهُ حُجَّةً لَكَ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتَ","vol":"4","page":158},{"text":"٥٧٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ يَقُولُ: \" دَخَلَ ثَلَاثَةُ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ وَلَمْ يَكُونُوا صَلَّوَا الظُّهْرَ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ الْإِمَامُ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: كَيْفَ صَنَعْتَ؟ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمْ: أَمَّا أَنَا فَجَعَلْتُ صَلَاتِي مَعَ الْإِمَامِ صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ الْعَصْرَ. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: أَمَّا أَنَا ⦗١٦٠⦘ فَجَعَلْتُ صَلَاتِي مَعَ الْإِمَامِ سُبْحَةً وَاسْتَقْبَلْتُ الظُّهْرَ ثُمَّ الْعَصْرَ، فَلَمْ يَعِبْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ \"\n\n٥٧٦٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا، عَنِ الْوَضِينِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ مَحْفُوظِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَائِذٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ ثَلَاثَةُ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْجِدَ وَالنَّاسُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"4","page":159},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-292>إِمَامَةُ الْأَعْمَى</span>","vol":"4","page":161},{"text":"٥٧٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ رَبِيعٍ، أَنَّ عِتْبَانَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ كَانَ يَؤُمُّ قَوْمَهُ وَهُوَ أَعْمَى وَأَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِنَّهَا تَكُونُ الظُّلْمَةُ وَالْمَطَرُ وَالسَّيْلُ، وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ ضَرِيرُ الْبَصَرِ، فُصِلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِي بَيْتِي مَكَانٌ أَتَّخِذُهُ مُصَلًّى. قَالَ: فَجَاءَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «أَيْنَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ؟» فَأَشَارَ إِلَى مَكَانٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ، فَصَلَّى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"","vol":"4","page":161},{"text":"٥٧٦٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ رَبِيعٍ، أَنَّ عِتْبَانَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ كَانَ  «يَؤُمُّ قَوْمَهُ وَهُوَ أَعْمَى» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"4","page":161},{"text":"٥٧٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَدَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَذْكُرُونَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «كَانَ يَسْتَخْلِفُ ابْنَ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَهُوَ أَعْمَى فَيُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ فِي عِدَّةِ غَزَوَاتٍ لَهُ»\n\n٥٧٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي هَذَا عَنْ عِمْرَانَ الْقَطَّانِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ","vol":"4","page":162},{"text":"٥٧٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ بِسْطَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «اسْتَخْلَفَ ابْنَ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ»","vol":"4","page":162},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-293>إِمَامَةُ الْعَبْدِ</span>","vol":"4","page":163},{"text":"٥٧٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَأْتُونَ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَعْلَى الْوَادِي، هُوَ وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، وَالْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ وَنَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ، «فَيَؤُمُّهُمْ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مَوْلَى عَائِشَةَ، وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو غُلَامُهَا حِينَئِذٍ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ»\n\n٥٧٧٠ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ إِمَامُ بَنِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُرْوَةَ\n\n٥٧٧١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، أَنَّهُ انْتَهَى إِلَى الرَّبَذَةِ وَقَدْ أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَإِذَا عَبْدٌ يَؤُمُّهُمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ: أَوْصَانِي خَلِيلِي ﷺ «أَنْ أَسْمَعَ وَأُطِيعَ وَلَوْ كَانَ عَبْدًا حَبَشِيًّا مُجَدَّعَ الْأَطْرَافِ»","vol":"4","page":163},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-294>إِمَامَةُ الْأَعْجَمِيِّ</span>","vol":"4","page":164},{"text":"٥٧٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ يَقُولُ: اجْتَمَعَتْ جَمَاعَةٌ فِيمَا حَوْلَ مَكَّةَ قَالَ: حَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي أَعْلَى الْوَادِي هَا هُنَا فِي الْحَجِّ. قَالَ: فَحَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَتَقَدَّمَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ آلِ أَبِي السَّائِبِ أَعْجَمِيُّ اللِّسَانِ قَالَ فَأَخَّرَهُ الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ وَقَدَّمَ غَيْرَهُ، فَبَلَغَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَلَمْ يُعَرِّفْهُ بِشَيْءٍ حَتَّى جَاءَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَرَّفَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ الْمِسْوَرُ: \" أَنْظِرْنِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ أَعْجَمِيَّ اللِّسَانِ، وَكَانَ فِي الْحَجِّ فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ بَعْضُ الْحَاجِّ قِرَاءَتَهُ فَيَأْخُذَ بِعُجْمَتِهِ. فَقَالَ هُنَالِكَ: ذَهَبْتَ بِهَا؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَصَبْتَ \"","vol":"4","page":164},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-295>إِمَامَةُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَى</span>","vol":"4","page":165},{"text":"٥٧٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،  «أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ يَؤُمُّ نَاسًا بِالْعَقِيقِ فَنَهَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَإِنَّمَا نَهَاهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُعْرَفُ أَبُوهُ»\n\n٥٧٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُنَصَّبَ مَنْ لَا يُعْرَفُ أَبُوهُ إِمَامًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِمَامَةَ مَوْضِعُ فَضْلٍ وَتُجْزِئُ مَنْ صَلَّى خَلْفَهُ صَلَاتُهُمْ، وَتُجْزِئُهُ إِنْ فَعَلَ","vol":"4","page":165},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-296>إِمَامَةُ الصَّبِيِّ الَّذِي لَمْ يَبْلُغْ</span>\n٥٧٧٥ - احْتَجَّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: فِي جَوَازِ إِمَامَتِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الِاخْتِيَارُ أَلَّا يَؤُمَّ إِلَّا بَالِغٌ بِحَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْجَرْمِيِّ، مَرَّ بِنَا رَكْبٌ وَأَنَا غُلَامٌ، وَكَانَ يَؤُمُّ قَوْمَهُ وَبِحَدِيثِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ حِينَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّيهَا بِقَوْمِهِ نَافِلَةً، وَأَقَلُّ مَا فِي صَلَاةِ الْغُلَامِ أَنْ تَكُونَ نَافِلَةً.\n\n٥٧٧٦ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُعَاذٍ فَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"4","page":166},{"text":"٥٧٧٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: هُوَ حَيٌّ، أَلَا تَلْقَاهُ فَتَسْمَعَ مِنْهُ؟ فَلَقِيتُ عَمْرًا فَحَدَّثَنِي بِالْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ: كُنَّا بِمَمَرِّ النَّاسِ وَكَانَ يَمُرُّ بِنَا الرُّكْبَانُ فَنَسْأَلُهُمْ: مَا هَذَا الْأَمْرُ وَمَا لِلنَّاسِ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ نَبِيٌّ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَرْسَلَهُ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَكَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَلَوَّمُ بِإِسْلَامِهِمُ الْفَتْحَ، وَيَقُولُونَ: انْظُرُوهُ فَإِنْ ظَهَرَ فَهُوَ نَبِيُّ وَصَدِّقُوهُ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ وَقْعَةُ الْفَتْحِ بَادَرَ كُلُّ قَوْمٍ بِإِسْلَامِهِمْ، فَانْطَلَقَ أَبِي بِإِسْلَامِ حِوَائِنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَدِمَ فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، ثُمَّ جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَتَلَقَّيْنَاهُ فَقَالَ:  «جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٦٧⦘ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّهُ يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِكَذَا، أَوْ صَلَاةِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ أَحَدُكُمْ، وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَكْثَرُكُمْ قُرْآنًا، فَنَظَرُوا فِي أَهْلِ حِوَائِنَا فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا أَكْثَرَ قُرْآنًا مِنِّي، فَقَدَّمُونِي وَأَنَا ابْنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ أَوْ سِتِّ سِنِينَ، فَكُنْتُ أُصَلِّي بِهِمْ، فَإِذَا سَجَدْتُ تَقَلَّصَتْ بُرْدَةٌ عَلَيَّ تَقُولُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْحَيِّ، غَطُّوا عَنَّا اسْتَ قَارِئِكُمْ هَذَا فَكُسِيتُ مَقْعَدَةً مِنْ مَقْعَدِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ بِسِتَّةِ دَرَاهِمَ أَوْ بِسَبْعَةٍ، فَمَا فَرِحْتُ لِشَيْءٍ كَفَرَحِي بِذَلِكَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ","vol":"4","page":166},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-297>صَلَاةُ الرَّجُلِ بِصَلَاةِ الرَّجُلِ لَمْ يُقَدِّمْهُ</span>\n٥٧٧٨ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي جَوَازِ ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ حِينَ «تَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا أُرَاهُ أَنَوَى أَنْ يَؤُمَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى خَلْفَهُ»\n\n٥٧٧٩ - وَهَذَا قَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي بَابِ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ","vol":"4","page":168},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-298>الْمَسْبُوقُ بِبَعْضِ الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":169},{"text":"٥٧٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ⦗١٧٠⦘، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ قَالَ: \" كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا جَاءَ وَقَدْ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ سَأَلَ فَإِذَا أُخْبِرَ كَمْ سُبِقَ بِهِ صَلَّى الَّذِي سُبِقَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَأَتَى ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فَدَخَلَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَسْأَلْ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَامَ فَقَضَى مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: إِنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَدْ بَيَّنَ لَكُمْ سُنَّةً فَاتَّبِعُوهَا \" قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ هُوَ مُعَاذٌ\n\n٥٧٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ فِي مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ","vol":"4","page":169},{"text":"٥٧٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ: يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أُمِرَ أَنْ يَسْتَنَّ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةَ فَوَافَقَ ذَلِكَ فِعْلَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ بِالنَّاسِ حَاجَةً إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي كُلِّ مَا سَنَّ، وَلَيْسَ بِهِ حَاجَةٌ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ \".\n\n٥٧٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةَ كَمَا قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ فَوَافَقَهَا فِعْلُ مُعَاذٍ أَوِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ؟","vol":"4","page":170},{"text":"٥٧٨٤ - وَهِيَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗١٧١⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْعَوْنَ وَأْتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ، فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَاقْضُوا»","vol":"4","page":170},{"text":"٥٧٨٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ ⦗١٧٢⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا سَمِعْتُمُ الْإِقَامَةَ فَامْشُوا وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ، فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا» حَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"4","page":171},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-299>بَابُ مَوْقِفِ الْإِمَامِ وَالْمَأْمُومِ</span>","vol":"4","page":173},{"text":"٥٧٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ بَاتَ عِنْدَ مَيْمُونَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَهِيَ خَالَتُهُ قَالَ: فَاضْطَجَعْتُ فِي عَرْضِ الْوِسَادَةِ، وَاضْطَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَهْلُهُ فِي طُولِهَا، \" فَنَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ حَتَّى إِذَا انْتَصَفَ اللَّيْلُ أَوْ قَبْلَهُ بِقَلِيلٍ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ بِقَلِيلٍ اسْتَيْقَظَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَلَسَ يَمْسَحُ وَجْهَهُ بِيَدِهِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ الْعَشْرَ الْآيَاتِ الْخَوَاتِمَ مِنْ سُورَةِ آلِ عِمْرَانَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى شَنٍّ مُعَلَّقَةٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ، فَأَحْسَنَ وُضُوءَهُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ يُصَلِّي قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَقُمْتُ فَصَنَعْتُ مِثْلَ مَا صَنَعَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبْتُ فَقُمْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ فَوَضَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى رَأْسِي ⦗١٧٤⦘ وَأَخَذَ بِأُذُنِي الْيُمْنَى فَفَتَلَهَا، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَوْتَرَ، ثُمَّ اضْطَجَعَ حَتَّى جَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ خَفِيفَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: ثُمَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، سِتَّ مَرَّاتٍ","vol":"4","page":173},{"text":"٥٧٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ بَاتَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ خَالَتِهِ مَيْمُونَةَ \" فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْ شَنَّةٍ مُعَلَّقَةٍ. قَالَ: فَوَصَفَ وُضُوءَهُ وَجَعَلَ يُقَلِّلُهُ بِيَدِهِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَصَنَعَ مِثْلَ ما صَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ: ثُمَّ جِئْتُ فَقُمْتُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ، فَأَخْلَفَنِي فَجَعَلَنِي عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ اضْطَجَعَ، فَنَامَ حَتَّى نَفَخَ، ثُمَّ أَتَى بِلَالٌ فَآذَنَهُ بِالصُّبْحِ فَصَلَّى، وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ \" ⦗١٧٥⦘\n\n٥٧٨٨ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: لِأَنَّهُ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ تَنَامُ عَيْنَاهُ وَلَا يَنَامُ قَلْبُهُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"4","page":174},{"text":"٥٧٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ قَالَ:  «صَلَّيْتُ أَنَا وَيَتِيمٌ لَنَا خَلْفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِنَا وَأُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ خَلْفَنَا»\n\n٥٧٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَحَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"4","page":175},{"text":"٥٧٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَمَّهُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ:  «صَلَّيْتُ أَنَا وَيَتِيمٌ لَنَا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِنَا وَأُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ خَلْفَنَا»\n\n٥٧٩٢ - هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ، وَحَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ أَبْسَطُ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ\n\n٥٧٩٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُمَا الرَّبِيعُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَلَى الصِّحَّةِ\n\n٥٧٩٤ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ حَدِيثَ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي الْمِنْبَرِ وَصُعُودِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَذَلِكَ مَذْكُورٌ بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِيمَا بَعْدُ.\n\n٥٧٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَمَا حَكَيْتُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْإِمَامَةَ فِي النَّافِلَةِ لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا جَائِزَةٌ، وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَوْقِفَ الْإِمَامِ أَمَامَ الْمَأْمُومِينَ مُنْفَرِدًا،\n\n٥٧٩٦ - وَإِذَا أَمَّ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا وَاحِدًا أَقَامَ الْإِمَامُ الْمَأْمُومَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ.\n\n٥٧٩٧ - زَادَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَعَهُمَا امْرَأَةٌ قَامَتْ خَلْفَهُمَا","vol":"4","page":176},{"text":"٥٧٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ \" صَلَّى بِهِ وَبِعَلْقَمَةَ فَأَقَامَ أَحَدُهُمَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَالْآخَرَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَقَالَ: هَكَذَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" ⦗١٧٧⦘\n\n٥٧٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا وَنَحْنُ مَعَهُمْ يَكُونَانِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ، فَأَمَّا نَحْنُ بِحَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «قُومُوا أُصَلِّي لَكُمْ». فَقُمْتُ إِلَى حَصِيرٍ فَنَضَحْتُهُ بِمَاءٍ، فَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَصَفَفْتُ أَنَا وَالْيَتِيمُ وَرَاءَهُ، وَالْعَجُوزُ مِنْ وَرَائِنَا فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ\n\n٥٨٠٠ - قَالَ: وَعَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ ﵁ بِالْهَاجِرَةِ، «فَوَجَدْتُهُ يُسَبِّحُ فَقُمْتُ وَرَاءَهُ فَقَرَّبَنِي، حَتَّى جَعَلَنِي حِذَاءَهُ عَلَى يَمِينِهِ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ يَرْفَأُ تَأَخَّرْتُ فَصَفَفْنَا وَرَاءَهُ»","vol":"4","page":176},{"text":"٥٨٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: سِرْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةٍ، \" فَقَامَ يُصَلِّي قَالَ: فَجِئْتُ حَتَّى قُمْتُ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، فَأَخَذَنِي بِيَدِي، فَأَدَارَنِي حَتَّى أَقَامَنِي عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، فَجَاءَ ابْنُ صَخْرٍ حَتَّى قَامَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، فَأَخَذْنَا بِيَدَيْهِ جَمِيعًا فَدَفَعَنَا حَتَّى أَقَامَنَا خَلْفَهُ \"\n\n٥٨٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ الْمَكِّيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ\n\n٥٨٠٣ - فَبِهَذَا، وَمَا مَضَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ نَقُولُ:\n\n٥٨٠٤ - فَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَقَدْ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ: كَانَ الْمَسْجِدُ ضَيِّقًا، وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُصَلِّي، وَأَبُو ذَرٍّ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ يُصَلِّي، كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يُصَلِّي لِنَفْسِهِ، فَقَامَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ خَلْفَهُمَا، فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِشِمَالِهِ فَظَنَّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةُ الْمَوْقِفِ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا يَؤُمُّهُمَا، وَعَلَّمَهُ أَبُو ذَرٍّ حَتَّى قَالَ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ: يُصَلِّي كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا لِنَفْسِهِ\n\n٥٨٠٥ - وَذَهَبَ الْجُمْهُورُ إِلَى تَرْجِيحِ رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ بِأَنَّهُمْ أَكْثَرُ عَدَدًا، وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ ذَكَرَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ هَذَا التَّطْبِيقَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الْأَوَّلِ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا أَيْضًا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ، وَبِأَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيًّا وَالْعَامَّةَ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى مَا قُلْنَاهُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":178},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-300>صُفُوفُ الرِّجَالِ وَصُفُوفُ النِّسَاءِ</span>","vol":"4","page":179},{"text":"٥٨٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَوْ عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «خَيْرُ صُفُوفِ الرِّجَالِ أَوَّلُهَا وَشَرُّهَا آخِرُهَا، وَخَيْرُ صُفُوفِ النِّسَاءِ آخِرُهَا وَشَرُّهَا أَوَّلُهَا»\n\n٥٨٠٧ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ بِالشَّكِّ، وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَأَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ\n\n٥٨٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٥٨٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ مُسَيَّبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَهْلٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"4","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-301>صَلَاةُ الْمُنْفَرِدِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"4","page":180},{"text":"٥٨١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ جَدَّتَهُ مُلَيْكَةَ دَعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِطَعَامٍ صَنَعَتْهُ لَهُ فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «قُومُوا فَلَأُصَلِّي لَكُمْ». قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَقُمْتُ إِلَى حَصِيرٍ لَنَا قَدِ اسْوَدَّ مِنْ طُولِ مَا لَبِسَ فَنَضَحْتُهُ بِمَاءٍ، «فَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَصَفَفْتُ أَنَا وَالْيَتِيمُ وَرَاءَهُ وَالْعَجُوزُ مِنْ وَرَائِنَا، فَصَلَّى لَنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ»\n\n٥٨١١ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمْ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اخْتِصَارٌ","vol":"4","page":180},{"text":"٥٨١٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَمَّهُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ:  «صَلَّيْتُ أَنَا وَيَتِيمٌ لَنَا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِنَا وَأُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ خَلْفَنَا»\n\n٥٨١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَأَنَسٌ يَحْكِي أَنَّ: امْرَأَةً صَلَّتْ مُنْفَرِدَةً مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا أَجْزَأَتِ الْمَرْأَةَ صَلَاتُهَا مَعَ الْإِمَامِ مُنْفَرِدَةً أَجْزَأَتِ الرَّجُلَ\n\n٥٨١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَرْوِي بِإِسْنَادٍ حَسَنٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرَةَ ذَكَرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ رَكَعَ وَرَاءَ الصَّفِّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «زَادَكَ اللَّهُ حِرْصًا وَلَا تَعُدْ»","vol":"4","page":181},{"text":"٥٨١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ زِيَادٍ الْأَعْلَمِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، \" أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَاكِعٌ فَرَكَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَى الصَّفِّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «زَادَكَ اللَّهُ حِرْصًا وَلَا تَعُدْ» ⦗١٨٢⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ.\n\n٥٨١٦ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادٍ قَالَ فِيهِ: فَرَكَعَ دُونَ الصَّفِّ، ثُمَّ مَشَى إِلَى الصَّفِّ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ: «أَيُّكُمُ الَّذِي رَكَعَ دُونَ الصَّفِّ، ثُمَّ مَشَى إِلَى الصَّفِّ» قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: «زَادَكَ اللَّهُ حِرْصًا وَلَا تَعُدْ»\n\n٥٨١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَلَمَّا ذَكَرَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ رَكَعَ وَحْدَهُ، فَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِإِعَادَةٍ وَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «وَلَا تَعُدْ» يُشْبِهُ قَوْلَهُ: «لَا تَأْتُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْعَوْنَ وَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَمْشُونَ وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ، فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَاقْضُوا»\n\n٥٨١٨ - يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَرْكَعَ حَتَّى تَصِلَ إِلَى مَوْقِفِكَ لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّعَبِ، كَمَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَسْعَى إِذَا سَمِعْتَ الْإِقَامَةَ،\n\n٥٨١٩ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: كَأَنَّهُ أَحَبَّ لَهُ الدُّخُولَ فِي الصَّفِّ وَلَمْ يَرَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَجَلَةَ بِالرُّكُوعِ حَتَّى يَلْحَقَ بِالصَّفِّ","vol":"4","page":181},{"text":"٥٨٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ يَسَافٍ قَالَ: أَخَذَ بِيَدِي زِيَادُ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، فَوَقَفَ بِي عَلَى شَيْخٍ بِالرَّقَّةِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٨٣⦘ يُقَالُ لَهُ: وَابِصَةُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي هَذَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «رَأَى رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي خَلْفَ الصَّفِّ وَحْدَهُ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعِيدَ الصَّلَاةَ»\n\n٥٨٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مَنْ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ مَنْ يُدْخِلُ بَيْنَ هِلَالِ بْنِ يَسَافٍ، وَوَابِصَةَ فِيهِ رَجُلًا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ وَابِصَةَ سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُ، وَسَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمْ كَأَنَّهُ يُوَهِّنُهُ بِمَا وَصَفْتُ\n\n٥٨٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ هِلَالَ بْنَ يَسَافٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ وَابِصَةَ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗١٨٤⦘\n\n٥٨٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْأَزْرَقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٨٢٤ - وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَصَّرَ بِهِ فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ وَابِصَةَ\n\n٥٨٢٥ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ وَابِصَةَ\n\n٥٨٢٦ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَيْبَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٥٨٢٧ - وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَلَا مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، لِمَا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ فِي إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِ وَابِصَةَ، وَلِمَا فِي إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَيْبَانَ مِنْ أَنَّ رِجَالَهُ غَيْرُ مَشْهُورِينَ.\n\n٥٨٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَلَاتُهُ تَامَّةٌ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ تَضْعِيفٌ وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ تَضْعِيفُ الْأَجْرِ بِالْجَمَاعَةَ، فَكَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِنْ صَحَّ الْحَدِيثُ نَفَى عَنْهُ فَضْلَ الْجَمَاعَةِ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْإِعَادَةِ لِيَحْصُلَ لَهُ زِيَادَةٌ وَلَا يَعُودَ إِلَى تَرْكِ السُّنَّةِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٥٨٢٩ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ يَقُولُ: لَوْ ثَبَتَ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِيهِ لَقُلْتُ بِهِ، ثُمَّ وَهَّنَهُ فِي الْجَدِيدُ بِمَا حَكَيْنَا","vol":"4","page":182},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-302>إِذَا خَالَفَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ السُّنَّةَ فِي الْمَوْقِفِ</span>","vol":"4","page":185},{"text":"٥٨٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ تَفْسُدْ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ صَلَاتُهُ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُ هَذَا لِأَنَّ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ أَخْبَرَنِي، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يُصَلِّي صَلَاتَهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَأَنَا مُعْتَرِضَةٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ، كَاعْتِرَاضِ الْجِنَازَةِ»\n\n٥٨٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"4","page":185},{"text":"٥٨٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ ⦗١٨٦⦘، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْأَبْطَحِ،  «وَخَرَجَ بِلَالٌ بِالْعَنَزَةَ فَرَكَّزَهَا فَصَلَّى إِلَيْهَا وَالْكَلْبُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ وَالْحِمَارُ يَمُرُّونَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ.\n\n٥٨٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَإِذَا لَمْ تُفْسِدِ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى الْمُصَلِّي أَنْ تَكُونَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَهِيَ إِذَا كَانَتْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، أَوْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ أَحْرَى أَنْ لَا تُفْسِدَ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"4","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-303>مُقَامُ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"4","page":187},{"text":"٥٨٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلُوا سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ: \" مِنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ مِنْبَرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدٌ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، مِنْ أَثْلِ الْغَابَةِ عَمِلَهُ لَهُ فُلَانٌ مَوْلَى فُلَانَةَ، وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ صَعِدَ عَلَيْهِ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ فَكَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ الْقَهْقَرَى، فَسَجَدَ ثُمَّ صَعِدَ، فَقَرَأَ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ الْقَهْقَرَى فَسَجَدَ \" أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: \" فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا صَنَعْتُ هَذَا لِتَأْتَمُّوا بِي وَلِتَعْلَمُوا صَلَاتِي»","vol":"4","page":187},{"text":"٥٨٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّى بِنَا حُذَيْفَةُ عَلَى دُكَّانٍ مُرْتَفِعٍ، فَسَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ فَجَبَذَهُ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ، فَتَابَعَهُ حُذَيْفَةُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ نُهِيَ عَنْ هَذَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ حُذَيْفَةُ: أَلَمْ تَرَنِي قَدْ تَابَعْتُكَ \"،\n\n٥٨٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَخْتَارُ لِلْإِمَامِ الَّذِي يُعْلِمُ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ الْمُرْتَفِعِ لِيَرَاهُ مَنْ وَرَاءَهُ فَيَقْتَدُوا بِرُكُوعِهِ وَسُجُودِهِ\n\n٥٨٣٧ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَإِذَا كَانَ الْإِمَامُ عَلَّمَ النَّاسَ مَرَّةً أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ مُسْتَوِيًا مَعَ الْمَأْمُومِينَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُرْوَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ إِلَّا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً","vol":"4","page":188},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-304>الْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُصَلَّى فِيهِ الْجُمُعَةُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"4","page":189},{"text":"٥٨٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ صَلَّى الْجُمُعَةَ فِي بُيُوتِ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ \" يُصَلِّي بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَبَيْنَ بُيُوتِ حُمَيْدٍ وَالْمَسْجِدِ: الطَّرِيقُ \"\n\n٥٨٣٩ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَقَالَ: فَصَلَّى بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ","vol":"4","page":189},{"text":"٥٨٤٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يُصَلِّي الْجُمُعَةَ فِي بُيُوتِ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَامَ حَجِّ الْوَلِيدِ وَكَثُرَ النَّاسُ، وَبَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الطَّرِيقُ»","vol":"4","page":189},{"text":"٥٨٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يُصَلِّي فَوْقَ ظَهْرِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَحْدَهُ بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ\n\n٥٨٤٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ «الْإِمَامَةِ» قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحٌ مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يُصَلِّي فَوْقَ ظَهْرِ الْمَسْجِدِ بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ\n\n٥٨٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَابَعَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَرَأَيْتُ مِنَ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ مَنْ يُصَلِّي بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ وَهُوَ فَوْقَ ظَهْرِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ خَالِدٍ فَقَالَ: هُوَ مُجْزِئٌ عَنْهُمْ، وَلَوْ صَلَّوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ\n\n٥٨٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِي رَحَبَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَالْبَلَاطِ بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ","vol":"4","page":190},{"text":"٥٨٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْعَبْدَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «لَا بَأْسَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي رَحَبَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَالْبَلَاطِ بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ»","vol":"4","page":190},{"text":"٥٨٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيمَنْ كَانَ فِي دَارٍ قُرْبِ الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْ بَعِيدًا مِنْهُ لَمْ يَجُزْ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِيهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَتَّصِلَ الصُّفُوفُ بِهِ وَهُوَ فِي أَسْفَلِ الدَّارِ لَا حَائِلَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الصُّفُوفِ.\n\n٥٨٤٧ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ قِيلَ: أَفَتَرْوِي فِي هَذَا شَيْئًا؟ قِيلَ: صَلَّى نِسْوَةٌ مَعَ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حُجْرَتِهَا فَقَالَتْ: «لَا تُصَلِّينَ بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ؛ فَإِنَّكُنَّ دُونَهُ فِي حِجَابٍ» ⦗١٩١⦘\n\n٥٨٤٨ - قَالَ: وَكَمَا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فِي حُجْرَتِهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ قَالَتْهُ قُلْنَا: لَمْ يَذْكُرْ إِسْنَادَهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ وَذَكَرَهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ","vol":"4","page":190},{"text":"٥٨٤٩ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَالْمُؤَمَّلُ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، \" أَنَّ نِسْوَةً صَلَّيْنَ فِي حُجْرَتِهَا، فَقَالَتْ: لَا تُصَلِّينَ بِصَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ؛ فَإِنَّكُنَّ فِي حِجَابٍ \"\n\n٥٨٥٠ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي خِلَالِ ذَلِكَ: وَهَذَا مُخَالِفٌ لِلْمَقْصُورَةِ، الْمَقْصُورَةُ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَهُوَ وَإِنْ كَانَ حَائِلًا دُونَ مَا وَرَاءَهَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْإِمَامِ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ كَحَوْلِ الْأُسْطُوَانِ أَوْ أَقَلَّ، وَكَحَوْلِ صُنْدُوقِ الْمَصَاحِفِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ،\n\n٥٨٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي حُجْرَتِهِ، وَالنَّاسُ يَأْتَمُّونَ بِهِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحُجْرَةِ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاتِهِ».\n\n٥٨٥٢ - وَحَدِيثُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٥٨٥٣ - فَذَاكَ مُطْلَقٌ وَقَدْ فَسَّرَهُ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ بَعْضَ التَّفْسِيرِ فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «وَجِدَارُ الْحُجْرَةِ قَصِيرٌ، فَرَأَى النَّاسُ شَخْصَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَامَ نَاسٌ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاتِهِ».\n\n٥٨٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فَبَيَّنَهُ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا، فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَصِيرٌ «فَكَانَ يَحْتَجِرُهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَيُصَلِّي فِيهِ، وَيَبْسُطُهُ بِالنَّهَارِ فَيَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ صَلَاتَهُمْ بِهِ» وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ","vol":"4","page":191},{"text":"٥٨٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: احْتَجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ حُجْرَةً، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ يُصَلِّي فِيهَا فَرَآهُ رِجَالٌ يُصَلِّي فَصَلَّوْا مَعَهُ بِصَلَاتِهِ وَكَانُوا يَأْتُونَهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةٌ مِنَ اللَّيَالِي لَمْ يَخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: فَتَنَحْنَحُوا وَرَفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَهُمْ وَحَصَبُوا بَابَهُ قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُغْضَبًا، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ:  «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَازَالَ بِكُمْ صَنِيعُكُمْ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنْ سَتُكْتَبَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ صَلَاةِ الْمَرْءِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ\n\n٥٨٥٦ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: احْتَجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُجَيْرَةً مُخَصَّفَةً أَوْ حَصِيرًا.\n\n٥٨٥٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ اتَّخَذَ حُجْرَةً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مِنْ حَصِيرٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى اخْتِصَارٍ وَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ هُشَيْمٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ","vol":"4","page":192},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-305>الصَّلَاةُ بِإِمَامَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا بَعْدَ الْآخَرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":193},{"text":"٥٨٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ⦗١٩٤⦘، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: أَتُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ فَأُقِيمَ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَتَخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ، فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ ⦗١٩٥⦘ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ التَّصْفِيقَ الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنِ امْكُثْ مَكَانَكَ، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ:  «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ؟» فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَالِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمُ التَّصْفِيقَ، مَنْ نَابَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ؛ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتُفِتَ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٥٨٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي الْإِمَامِ: إِذَا أَحْدَثَ فَقَدَّمُوا، أَوْ قَدَّمَ الْإِمَامُ رَجُلًا فَأَتَمَّ لَهُمْ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ أَجْزَأَتْهُمْ صَلَاتُهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ﵁ قَدِ افْتَتَحَ لِلنَّاسِ الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ فَقَدَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَصَارَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَأْمُومًا بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ إِمَامًا، وَصَارَ النَّاسُ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدِ افْتَتَحُوا بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ⦗١٩٦⦘\n\n٥٨٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا لَوِ اسْتَأْخَرَ الْإِمَامُ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَدَثٍ، وَتَقَدَّمَ غَيْرُهُ أَجْزَأَتْ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ صَلَاتُهُمْ.\n\n٥٨٦١ - وَأَخْتَارُ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ هَذَا الْإِمَامُ، وَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ فِي هَذَا كَرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٥٨٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ إِذَا جَاءَ الْإِمَامُ وَقَدِ افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ غَيْرُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ خَلْفَ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ إِنْ تَقَدَّمَ بِأَمْرِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَتَقَدَّمْ قَدْ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلْفَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فِي سَفَرِهِ إِلَى تَبُوكَ،\n\n٥٨٦٣ - قَالَ: وَلِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ أَيَّ هَذَا شَاءَ، وَالِاخْتِيَارُ مَا قُلْنَا\n\n٥٨٦٤ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: يَعْتَدُّ بِمَا مَضَى، ثُمَّ يَأْتَمُّ بِالْإِمَامِ فِيمَا بَقِيَ. وَلَيْسَ نَقُولُ هَذَا،\n\n٥٨٦٥ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَإِنْ كَانَ يُجْزِئُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ صَلَاةً بِإِمَامَيْنِ إِذَا أَحْدَثَ الْأَوَّلُ قُدِّمَ الْآخَرُ أَجْزَأَ، هَذَا عِنْدَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٥٨٦٦ - إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ يُصَلِّي بَعْضَ الصَّلَاةِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ وَبَعْضَهَا وَحْدَهُ،\n\n٥٨٦٧ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: حَدِيثَ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَبَّرَ فِي صَلَاةٍ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، ثُمَّ أَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ أَنِ امْكُثُوا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ وَعَلَى جِلْدِهِ أَثَرُ الْمَاءِ»\n\n٥٨٦٨ - وَأَكَّدَهُ بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلُ مَعْنَاهُ\n\n٥٨٦٩ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُ فِيهِمَا فِيمَا مَضَى\n\n٥٨٧٠ - وَأَجَازَ لِلْإِمَامِ وَلِلْقَوْمِ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا كَمَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ مَخْرَجُ وُضُوئِهِ أَوْ غُسْلِهِ قَرِيبًا، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ ⦗١٩٧⦘\n\n٥٨٧١ - وَلَمْ يُجِزْهُ أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ وَاحْتَجَّ: بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا»، وَالْإِمَامُ إِذَا رَجَعَ فَإِنَّمَا يُكَبِّرُ لِلِافْتِتَاحِ حِينَئِذٍ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ذَلِكَ فِي إِحْرَامِ الْقَوْمِ\n\n٥٨٧٢ - وَأَجَازَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَمْ يَجُزِ الِاسْتِخْلَافُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ فِي مَنْعِ الِاسْتِخْلَافِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ امْكُثُوا وَلَمْ يُقَدِّمُ أَحَدًا، وَاحْتَجَّ مَنْ أَجَازَهُ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ طُعِنَ بَعْدَمَا كَبَّرَ، فَقَدَّمَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ\n\n٥٨٧٣ - فَأَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِأَنْ قَالَ: رُوِّيتُمْ ذَلِكَ عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ يُخْبِرُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُكَبِّرْ، وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ أَصْحَابِنَا، وَإِنَّمَا تَقَدَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ مُصْبِحًا بَعْدَ أَنْ طُعِنَ عُمَرُ بِسَاعَةٍ، فَقَرَأَ بِسُورَتَيْنِ قَصِيرَتَيْنِ مُبَادِرًا لِلشَّمْسِ\n\n٥٨٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الرِّوَايَتَانِ كِلْتَاهُمَا عَلَى مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ إِلَّا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونِ فِي تَكْبِيرِ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ تَقْدِيمِهِ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ بَعْدَمَا طُعِنَ حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n٥٨٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ فِي تِلْكَ الْقِصَّةِ شَبِيهًا بِرَاوِيَةِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي قِصَّةٍ أُخْرَى أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ بَلَلًا حِينَ جَلَسَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا قَامَ أَخَذَ بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَقُدِّمَ مَكَانَهُ، وَرُوِيَ فِي جَوَازِ الِاسْتِخْلَافِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَقَوْلُهُ الْجَدِيدُ فِي جَوَازِ الِاسْتِخْلَافِ أَصَحُّ الْقَوْلَيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":193},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-306>الْخُرُوجُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"4","page":198},{"text":"٥٨٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «فِيمَنْ صَلَّى مَعَ الْإِمَامِ شَيْئًا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ الْمَأْمُومُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ بِغَيْرِ قَطْعٍ مِنَ الْإِمَامِ لِلصَّلَاةِ، فَلَا عُذْرَ لِلْمَأْمُومِ كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ»\n\n٥٨٧٧ - فَإِنْ بَنَى عَلَى صَلَاةٍ لِنَفْسِهِ مُنْفَرِدًا لَمْ يَبْنِ إِلَى أَنْ يُعِيدَ الصَّلَاةَ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ خَرَجَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ مُعَاذٍ بَعْدَمَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَهُ، فَصَلَّى لِنَفْسِهِ، فَلَمْ يَعْلَمِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ بِإِعَادَةٍ وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ بِرِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ\n\n٥٨٧٨ - وَكَمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ. رَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ «فَانْحَرَفَ رَجُلٌ فَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى وَحْدَهُ وَانْصَرَفَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، وَلَا أَدْرِي هَلْ حَفِظَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةَ لِكَثْرَةِ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ دُونَهَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":198},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-307>بَابُ صَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ وَصِفَةِ الْأَئِمَّةِ مَا عَلَى الْإِمَامِ مِنَ التَّخْفِيفِ</span>","vol":"4","page":199},{"text":"٥٨٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُكُمْ يُصَلِّي لِلنَّاسِ فَلْيُخَفِّفْ؛ فَإِنَّ فِيهِمُ السَّقِيمَ وَالضَّعِيفَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ يُصَلِّي لِنَفْسِهِ فَلْيُطَوِّلْ مَا شَاءَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «الْكَبِيرَ وَالصَّغِيرَ» ⦗٢٠٠⦘.\n\n٥٨٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَخَفَّ النَّاسِ صَلَاةً عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَأَطْوَلَ النَّاسِ صَلَاةً عَلَى نَفْسِهِ»","vol":"4","page":199},{"text":"٥٨٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ عَنْهُ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ سَرْجِسَ قَالَ: عُدْنَا أَبَا وَاقِدٍ الْبَدْرِيَّ فِي وَجَعِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «أَخَفَّ النَّاسِ صَلَاةً عَلَى النَّاسِ وَأَطْوَلَ النَّاسِ صَلَاةً لِنَفْسِهِ» ⦗٢٠١⦘\n\n٥٨٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، بِنَحْوِهِ","vol":"4","page":200},{"text":"٥٨٨٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: ورَوَى شَرِيكُ بْنُ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، وَالْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ:  «مَا صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ أَحَدٍ قَطُّ أَخَفَّ وَلَا أَتَمَّ صَلَاةً مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"4","page":201},{"text":"٥٨٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ:  «مَا صَلَّيْتُ وَرَاءَ إِمَامٍ قَطُّ أَخَفَّ وَلَا أَتَمَّ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ»\n\n٥٨٨٥ - قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، بِمِثْلِهِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شَرِيكٍ","vol":"4","page":201},{"text":"٥٨٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ مِمَّا يُطَوِّلُ بِنَا فُلَانٌ. قَالَ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَضِبَ فِي مَوْعِظَةٍ قَطُّ غَضَبَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ مُنَفِّرِينَ، إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ مُنَفِّرِينَ؛ فَأَيُّكُمْ أَمَّ النَّاسَ فَلْيُخَفِّفْ بِهِمْ؛ فَإِنَّ فِيهِمُ الْكَبِيرَ وَالسَّقِيمَ وَالضَّعِيفَ وَذَا الْحَاجَةِ»","vol":"4","page":202},{"text":"٥٨٨٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَنَزَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَرَأَيْتُهُ أَمَّ النَّاسَ، \" فَصَلَّى صَلَاةً فَخَفَّفَ فِيهَا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ: أَهَكَذَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ وَأَوْجَزَ \"","vol":"4","page":203},{"text":"٥٨٨٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ يَقُولُ:  «أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَؤُمَّ النَّاسَ وَأَنْ أُقَدِّرَهُمْ بِأَضْعَفِهِمْ؛ فَإِنَّ فِيهِمُ الْكَبِيرَ وَالسَّقِيمَ وَالضَّعِيفَ وَذَا الْحَاجَةِ»","vol":"4","page":203},{"text":"٥٨٨٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «لَيَأْمُرُنَا بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وَإِنْ كَانَ لَيَؤُمُّنَا بِالصَّافَّاتِ»\n\n٥٨٩٠ - حَدِيثُ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n٥٨٩١ - وَحَدِيثُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْهُ ⦗٢٠٤⦘.\n\n٥٨٩٢ - وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ حَدِيثَ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنِّي لَأَقُومُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُطَوِّلَ فِيهَا فَأَسْمَعَ بُكَاءَ الصَّبِيِّ، فَأَتَجَوَّزُ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمِّهِ» وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"4","page":203},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-308>اجْتِمَاعُ الْقَوْمِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ هُمْ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ</span>","vol":"4","page":205},{"text":"٥٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ ⦗٢٠٦⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَلُّوا كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي أُصَلِّي، فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ لَكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَكْبَرُكُمْ»\n\n٥٨٩٤ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"4","page":205},{"text":"٥٨٩٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ الْجَرْمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي نَاسٍ وَنَحْنُ شَبَبَةٌ مُتَقَارِبُونَ، فَأَقَمْنَا عِنْدَهُ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَفِيقًا، فَلَمَّا ظَنَّ أَنَّا قَدِ اشْتَهَيْنَا أَهْلِينَا وَاشْتَقْنَا سَأَلَنَا عَمَّنْ تَرَكْنَا بَعْدَنَا؟ فَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ فَقَالَ:  «ارْجِعُوا إِلَى أَهْلِيكُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا فِيهِمْ وَعَلِّمُوهُمْ وَمُرُوهُمْ» - وَذَكَرَ أَشْيَاءَ أَحْفَظُهَا أَوْ لَا أَحْفَظُهَا - «وَصَلُّوا كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي أُصَلِّي فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ لَكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَكْبَرُكُمْ» ⦗٢٠٧⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُثَنًّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ","vol":"4","page":206},{"text":"٥٨٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنَا وَصَاحِبٌ لِي، فَلَمَّا أَرَدْنَا الْإِقْفَالَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قَالَ لَنَا: «إِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَأَذِّنَا، ثُمَّ أَقِيمَا وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمَا أَكْبَرُكُمَا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ.\n\n٥٨٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: «وَكُنَّا يَوْمَئِذٍ مُتَقَارِبَيْنِ فِي الْعِلْمِ».\n\n٥٨٩٨ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ قَالَ فِيهِ قُلْتُ: لِأَبِي قِلَابَةَ: \" فَأَيْنَ الْقِرَاءَةُ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّهُمَا كَانَا مُتَقَارِبَيْنِ \"\n\n٥٨٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، ومَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ عَنْ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"4","page":208},{"text":"٥٩٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «هَؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ قَدِمُوا مَعًا، فَأَشْبَهُوا أَنْ تَكُونَ قِرَاءَتُهُمْ وَتَفَقُّهُهُمْ سَوَاءٌ، فَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَؤُمَّهُمْ أَكْبَرُهُمْ ⦗٢٠٩⦘،\n\n٥٩٠١ - وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ فَيَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ إِذَا اجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْمَوْضِعِ لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ وَالٍ وَلَيْسُوا فِي مَنْزِلِ أَحَدٍ أَنْ يُقَدِّمُوا أَقْرَأَهُمْ وَأَفْقَهَهُمْ وَأَسَنَّهُمْ.\n\n٥٩٠٢ - فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجْتَمِعْ ذَلِكَ فِي وَاحِدٍ فَإِنْ قَدَّمُوا أَفْقَهَهُمْ إِذَا كَانَ يَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ مَا يُكْتَفَى بِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَحَسَنٌ، وَإِنْ قَدَّمُوا أَقْرَأَهُمْ إِذَا كَانَ يَعْلَمُ مِنَ الْفِقْهِ مَا يَلْزَمُهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَحَسَنٌ.\n\n٥٩٠٣ - وَيُقَدِّمُوا هَذَيْنِ مَعًا عَلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَسَنُّ مِنْهُمَا»","vol":"4","page":208},{"text":"٥٩٠٤ - وَأَشَارَ هَاهُنَا وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ إِلَى بَعْضِ مَتْنِ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ أَوْسِ بْنِ ضَمْعَجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ. فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالسُّنَّةِ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي السُّنَّةِ سَوَاءً فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً، فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ سِنًّا. وَلَا يُؤَمُّ الرَّجُلُ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ، وَلَا يُجْلَسُ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ⦗٢١٠⦘\n\n٥٩٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ: وَإِنَّمَا قِيلَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَؤُمَّهُمُ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ، أَنَّ مَنْ مَضَى مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ كَانُوا يُسْلِمُونَ كِبَارًا، فَيَتَفَقَّهُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْرَءُوا الْقُرْآنَ، وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ كَانُوا يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ، وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ كَانُوا يَقْرَءُونَ صِغَارًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَفَقَّهُوا فَأَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْ كَانَ فَقِيهًا إِذَا قَرَأَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْئًا أَوْلَى بِالْإِمَامَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ يَنْوِيهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ مَا يَعْقِلُ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فِيهِ بِالْفِقْهِ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُهُ مَنْ لَا فِقْهَ لَهُ.\n\n٥٩٠٦ - قَالَ: وَإِذَا اسْتَوَوْا فِي الْفِقْهِ وَالْقِرَاءَةِ أَمَّهُمْ أَسَنُّهُمْ، وَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَؤُمَّهُمْ أَسَنُّهُمْ فِيمَا نَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُشْتَبِهِي الْحَالِ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ وَالْعِلْمِ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَنْ يَؤُمَّهُمْ أَكْبَرُهُمْ سِنًّا ⦗٢١١⦘.\n\n٥٩٠٧ - قَالَ: وَلَوْ كَانَ فِيهِمْ ذُو نَسَبٍ فَقَدَّمُوا غَيْرَ ذِي نَسَبٍ أَجْزَأَهُمْ وَإِنْ قَدَّمُوا ذَا النَّسَبِ إِذَا اشْتَبَهَتْ حَالُهُمْ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ وَالْفِقْهِ كَانَ حَسَنًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِمَامَةَ مَنْزِلَةُ فَضْلٍ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قَدِّمُوا قُرَيْشًا وَلَا تَقَدَّمُوهَا»\n\n٥٩٠٨ - فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُقَدِّمَ مَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْهُمُ اتِّبَاعًا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ فِيهِ لِذَلِكَ مَوْضِعٌ،\n\n٥٩٠٩ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَإِنِ اسْتَوَوْا يَعْنِي: فِي الْفِقْهِ وَالْقِرَاءَةِ، فَكَانَ فِيهِمْ قُرَشِيُّ أَمَّهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْأَئِمَّةُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ» وَقَالَ: «قَدِّمُوا قُرَيْشًا»\n\n٥٩١٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ يَؤُمُّهُمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِمْ قُرَشِيُّ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَوْا فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَوْا فَأَكْبَرُهُمْ سِنًّا","vol":"4","page":209},{"text":"٥٩١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْأَئِمَّةُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ» تَابَعَهُ بُكَيْرٌ الْجَزَرِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":211},{"text":"٥٩١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «قَدِّمُوا قُرَيْشًا وَلَا تَقَدَّمُوهَا، وَتَعَلَّمُوا مِنْهَا وَلَا تُعَالِمُوهَا أَوْ تُعَلِّمُوهَا» شَكَّ ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ ⦗٢١٢⦘\n\n٥٩١٣ - وَبَلَغَنِي عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَوْلُهُ «وَلَا تُعَالِمُوهَا» مَعْنَاهُ: لَا تُفَاخِرُوهَا","vol":"4","page":211},{"text":"٥٩١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ يَعْنِي عَطَاءً كَانَ يُقَالُ: \" يَؤُمُّهُمْ أَفْقَهُهُمْ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْفِقْهِ سَوَاءً فَأَقَرَؤُهُمْ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْفِقْهِ وَالْقِرَاءَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَسَنُّهُمْ، ثُمَّ عَاوَدْتُهُ فِي الْعَبْدِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِأَيَّامٍ فَقُلْتُ: يَؤُمُّهُمُ الْعَبْدُ إِذَا كَانَ أَفْقَهَهُمْ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ \"","vol":"4","page":212},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-309>الصَّلَاةُ خَلْفَ مَنْ لَا يُحْمَدُ حَالُهُ</span>","vol":"4","page":213},{"text":"٥٩١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ:  «وَمَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً مِنْ بَالِغٍ مُسْلِمٍ يُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ أَجْزَأَتْهُ وَمَنْ خَلْفَهُ صَلَاتُهُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مَحْمُودِ الْحَالِ فِي دِينِهِ، أَيْ بَلَغَ غَايَةً يُخَالِفُ الْحَمْدَ فِي الدِّينِ\n\n٥٩١٦ - وَقَدْ صَلَّى أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلْفَ مَنْ لَا يَحْمَدُونَ فِعَالَهُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ»","vol":"4","page":213},{"text":"٥٩١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ «اعْتَزَلَ بِمِنًى فِي قِتَالِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ بِمِنًى فَصَلَّى مَعَ الْحَجَّاجِ»","vol":"4","page":213},{"text":"٥٩١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ، وَالْحُسَيْنَ \" كَانَا يُصَلِّيَانِ خَلْفَ ⦗٢١٤⦘ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ: فَقَالَ مَا كَانَا يُصَلِّيَانِ إِذَا رَجَعَا إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِمَا؟ فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَا يَزِيدَانِ عَلَى صَلَاةِ الْأَئِمَّةِ \"","vol":"4","page":213},{"text":"٥٩١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «الْجِهَادُ وَاجِبٌ عَلَيْكُمْ مَعَ كُلِّ أَمِيرٍ بَرًّا كَانَ أَوْ فَاجِرًا، وَالصَّلَاةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَيْكُمْ خَلْفَ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ بَرًّا كَانَ أَوْ فَاجِرًا وَإِنْ عَمِلَ الْكَبَائِرَ»\n\n٥٩٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٥٩٢١ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ فِيهِ إِرْسَالًا بَيْنَ مَكْحُولٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"4","page":214},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-310>الصَّلَاةُ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِ الْوَالِي</span>","vol":"4","page":215},{"text":"٥٩٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «وَيُجْزِئُ الرَّجُلَ أَنْ يُقَدِّمَ رَجُلًا أَوْ يَتَقَدَّمَ فَيُصَلِّيَ بِقَوْمٍ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِ الْوَالِي الَّذِي يَلِي الصَّلَاةَ أَيَّ صَلَاةٍ حَضَرَتْ، وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَ لِلْوَالِي شُغْلٌ أَوْ مَرَضٌ أَوْ نَامَ أَوْ أَبْطَأَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ» فَقَدْ ذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَتَقَدَّمَ لِلصَّلَاةِ \"\n\n٥٩٢٣ - وَذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ لِحَاجَتِهِ فَتَقَدَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الصُّبْحِ، وَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَأَدْرَكَ مَعَهُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَصَلَّاهَا خَلْفَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، ثُمَّ قَضَى مَا فَاتَهُ فَفَزِعَ النَّاسُ لِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قَدْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ» يَغْبِطُهُمْ أَنْ صَلَّوَا الصَّلَاةَ لِوَقْتِهَا.\n\n٥٩٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي أَوَّلَ وَقْتِهَا\n\n٥٩٢٥ - قَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُ هَذَيْنِ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ","vol":"4","page":215},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-311>إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْقَوْمُ فِيهِمُ الْوَالِي</span>\n٥٩٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ: الْوَالِي أَحَقُّ بِالْإِمَامَةِ. قَالَ: وَيُرْوَى أَنَّ ذَا السُّلْطَانِ أَحَقُّ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ\n\n٥٩٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى مَعْنَى هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"4","page":216},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-312>إِمَامَةُ الْقَوْمِ لَا سُلْطَانَ فِيهِمْ</span>","vol":"4","page":217},{"text":"٥٩٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ:  «مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ لَا يَؤُمَّهُمْ إِلَّا صَاحِبُ الْبَيْتِ»","vol":"4","page":217},{"text":"٥٩٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رَاوِيَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانُوا فِي بَيْتِ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَقَدَّمَ صَاحِبُ الْبَيْتِ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلًا فَقَالَ: تَقَدَّمْ فَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِالْإِمَامَةِ فِي مَنْزِلِكَ تَقَدَّمْ\n\n٥٩٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ عَبْدُ الْقَاهِرِ بْنُ طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ بَجْدَةَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ مَوْلَى الْأَنْصَارِ دَعَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، وَحُذَيْفَةَ، وَابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ \" فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ تَقَدَّمَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ لِيُصَلِّيَ بِهِمْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ حُذَيْفَةُ: تَأَخَّرْ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ. فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ: أَكَذَاكَ يَا ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، أَوْ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَتَأَخَّرَ \"\n\n٥٩٣١ - قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: يَعْنِي أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ أَحَقُّ بِبَيْتِهِ\n\n٥٩٣٢ - ورَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ قَالَ: زَارَنِي حُذَيْفَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَقَالَ لَهُ حُذَيْفَةُ: رَبُّ الْبَيْتِ أَحَقُّ ⦗٢١٨⦘.\n\n٥٩٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ","vol":"4","page":217},{"text":"٥٩٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَإِذَا كَانَ مِصْرٌ جَامِعٌ لَهُ مَسْجِدٌ جَامِعٌ لَا سُلْطَانَ فِيهِ، فَأَيُّهُمْ أَمَّهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفِقْهِ وَالْقُرْآنِ لَمْ أَكْرَهْهُ»\n\n٥٩٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ فَانْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ","vol":"4","page":218},{"text":"٥٩٣٦ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْقَارِئِ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى \" صَاحِبَ الْمَقْصُورَةِ فِي الْفِتْنَةِ حِينَ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ خَرَجَ يَتَتَبَّعُ النَّاسَ يَقُولُ: مَنْ يُصَلِّي لِلنَّاسِ؟ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: إِذًا تَقَدَّمْ أَنْتَ فَصَلِّ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ النَّاسِ \"","vol":"4","page":218},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-313>الْإِمَامُ الرَّاتِبُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ</span>","vol":"4","page":219},{"text":"٥٩٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ قَالَ: أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فِي مَسْجِدٍ بِطَائِفَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَلَابْنُ عُمَرَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَسْجِدِ أَرْضٌ يَعْمَلُهَا، وَإِمَامُ ذَلِكَ الْمَسْجِدِ مَوْلًى لَهُ، وَمَسْكَنُ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْلَى وَأَصْحَابِهِ ثَمَّ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَهُمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ جَاءَ لِيَشْهَدَ مَعَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ، \" فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَوْلَى صَاحِبُ الْمَسْجِدِ: تَقَدَّمْ فَصَلِّ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فِي مَسْجِدِكَ مِنِّي فَصَلَّى الْمَوْلَى \"\n\n٥٩٣٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ زَارَ قَوْمًا فَلَا يَؤُمَّهُمْ وَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ»","vol":"4","page":219},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-314>الْإِمَامُ الْمُسَافِرُ يَؤُمُّ الْمُقِيمِينَ</span>","vol":"4","page":220},{"text":"٥٩٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَلَّى بِمِنًى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ أَتَمَّ مِنْهُ","vol":"4","page":220},{"text":"٥٩٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ ⦗٢٢١⦘ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كَانَ \" إِذَا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ صَلَّى لَهُمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ أَتِمُّوا صَلَاتَكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّا قَوْمٌ سَفْرٌ \"\n\n٥٩٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٥٩٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: سَقَطَ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ حَدِيثُ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَبَقِيَ حَدِيثُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، مَعَ حَدِيثِ مَعْمَرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ مَطَرٍ ﵀، وَأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ ﵀ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ كَمَا وَجَدَهُ،\n\n٥٩٤٣ - وَجَعَلَ حَدِيثَ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ مَعْمَرٍ، وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا","vol":"4","page":220},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-315>كَرَاهِيَةُ الْإِمَامَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":222},{"text":"٥٩٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يَأْتِي قَوْمٌ فَيُصَلُّونَ لَكُمْ. فَإِنْ أَتَمُّوا كَانَ لَهُمْ وَلَكُمْ، وَإِنْ نَقَصُوا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَكُمْ»\n\n٥٩٤٥ - وَفِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ","vol":"4","page":222},{"text":"٥٩٤٦ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ⦗٢٢٣⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يُصَلُّونَ لَكُمْ فَإِنْ أَصَابُوا فَلَكُمْ وَلَهُمْ، وَإِنْ أَخْطَأُوا فَلَكُمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ حَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى\n\n٥٩٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَمَّ النَّاسَ فَأَصَابَ الْوَقْتَ وَأَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ فَلَهُ وَلَهُمْ، وَمَنْ نَقَصَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَعَلَيْهِ وَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ»","vol":"4","page":222},{"text":"٥٩٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْإِمَامُ ضَامِنٌ. وَالْمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ. اللَّهُمَّ فَأَرْشِدِ الْأَئِمَّةَ وَاغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤَذِّنِينَ» ⦗٢٢٤⦘\n\n٥٩٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: يُشْبِهُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: \" إِنْ أَتَمُّوا فَصَلَّوْا فِي أَوَّلِ الْوَقْتِ، وَجَاءُوا بِكَمَالِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي إِطَالَةِ الْقِرَاءَةِ، وَالْخُشُوعِ وَالتَّسْبِيحِ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ، وَإِكْمَالِ التَّشَهُّدِ، وَالذِّكْرِ فِيهَا؛ لِأَنَّ هَذَا غَايَةُ التَّمَامِ، وَإِنْ أَجْزَأَ أَقَلَّ مِنْهُ فَلَهُمْ وَلَكُمْ، وَإِلَّا فَعَلَيْهِمْ تَرْكُ الِاخْتِيَارِ بِعَمْدِ تَرْكِهِ، وَلَكُمْ مَا نَوَيْتُمُوهُ فَتَرَكْتُمُوهُ؛ لِاتِّبَاعِهِمْ بِمَا أُمِرْتُمْ بِاتِّبَاعِهِمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فِيمَا يُجْزِئُكُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُهُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهُ،\n\n٥٩٥٠ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَيَحْتَمِلُ ضِمْنًا لِمَا عَابُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمُخَافَتَةِ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ وَالذِّكْرِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَتْرُكُوا ظَاهِرًا أَكْثَرَ الصَّلَاةِ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ الْوَقْتُ، أَوْ لَمْ يَأْتُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ بِمَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ الصَّلَاةُ مُجْزِئَةً، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ اتِّبَاعَهُمْ\n\n٥٩٥١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: قَالَ ﵎: ﴿أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩] وَيُقَالُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أُمَرَاءِ السَّرَايَا وَأُمِرُوا إِذَا تَنَازَعُوا فِي شَيْءٍ وَذَلِكَ اخْتِلَافُهُمْ فِيهِ أَنْ يَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ وَحُكْمِ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ، فَحُكْمُ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ حُكْمُ رَسُولِهِ أَنْ يُؤْتَى بِالصَّلَاةَ فِي وَقْتٍ وَبِمَا يُجْزِئُ بِهِ،\n\n٥٩٥٢ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَمَرَكُمْ مِنَ الْولَاةِ بِغَيْرِ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ فَلَا تُطِيعُوهُ»","vol":"4","page":223},{"text":"٥٩٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ الزَّاهِدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، \" ﴿أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩] قَالَ: الْأَمْرُ \" ⦗٢٢٥⦘\n\n٥٩٥٤ - قَالَ وَكِيعٌ: يَعْنِي أُمَرَاءَ السَّرَايَا الَّذِينَ كَانَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ","vol":"4","page":224},{"text":"٥٩٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْأُسْتَاذُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزْدَادَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسَدَّدُ بْنُ مُسَرْهَدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ فِيمَا أَحَبَّ وَكَرِهَ مَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ، فَإِذَا أُمِرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَلَا سَمْعَ وَلَا طَاعَةَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n٥٩٥٦ - وَقَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي مَسْأَلَةِ إِعَادَةِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ","vol":"4","page":225},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-316>مَا جَاءَ فِيمَنْ أَمَّ قَوْمًا وَهُمْ لَهُ كَارِهُونَ</span>","vol":"4","page":226},{"text":"٥٩٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ:  «يُقَالُ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ صَلَاةَ مَنْ أَمَّ قَوْمًا وَهُمْ لَهُ كَارِهُونَ، وَلَا صَلَاةَ امْرَأَةٍ وَزَوْجُهَا عَاتِبٌ عَلَيْهَا، وَلَا عَبْدٍ آبِقٍ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ، وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِثْلَهُ»\n\n٥٩٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ الرَّجُلَ غَيْرَ الْوَالِي يَؤُمُّ جَمَاعَةً يَكْرَهُونَهُ فَأَكْرَهُ ذَلِكَ لِلْإِمَامِ","vol":"4","page":226},{"text":"٥٩٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَاسِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ السَّيَّارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ الْبُوزَنْجَرْدِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو وَاقِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا تُجَاوِزُ صَلَاتُهُمْ آذَانَهُمْ حَتَّى يَرْجِعُوا: الْعَبْدُ الْآبِقُ، وَامْرَأَةٌ بَاتَتْ وَزَوْجُهَا عَلَيْهَا سَاخِطٌ، وَإِمَامُ قَوْمٍ وَهُمْ لَهُ كَارِهُونَ «\n\n٥٩٦٠ - أَبُو غَالِبٍ اسْمُهُ» حَزَوَّرٌ \" وَلَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٥٩٦١ - وَزَعَمَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ أَنَّهُ ضَعِيفٌ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٢٢٧⦘،\n\n٥٩٦٢ - وَرُوِيَ هَذَا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ","vol":"4","page":226},{"text":"٥٩٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: لَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا رَفَعَهُ قَالَ:  «ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا تُجَاوِزُ صَلَاتُهُمْ آذَانَهُمْ عَبْدٌ أَبِقَ مِنْ سَيِّدِهِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ فَيَضَعَ يَدَهُ فِي يَدِهِ، وَامْرَأَةٌ بَاتَ زَوْجُهَا غَضْبَانَ عَلَيْهَا، وَرَجُلٌ أَمَّ قَوْمًا وَهُمْ لَهُ كَارِهُونَ»\n\n٥٩٦٤ - هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ، أَظُنُّهُ ابْنَ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا، وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٥٩٦٥ - وَرُوِيَ حَدِيثُ الْحَسَنِ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ أَنَسٍ فِيهِ وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ، تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْأَسَدِيُّ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ دَلْهَمٍ عَنْهُ.\n\n٥٩٦٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْإِفْرِيقِيُّ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُعَافِرِيِّ ⦗٢٢٨⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ أَحَدَ الثَّلَاثَةِ \" مَنْ أَمَّ قَوْمًا وَهُمْ لَهُ كَارِهُونَ. قَالَ: وَرَجُلٌ أَتَى الصَّلَاةَ دِبَارًا، وَرَجُلٌ اعْتَبَدَ مُحَرَّرَهُ \"\n\n٥٩٦٧ - وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَهُوَ مَعَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي غَالِبٍ وَمُرْسَلُ قَتَادَةَ فِي الْإِمَامَةِ يَقْوَى.\n\n٥٩٦٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ يَرْفَعُهُ وَعَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا فِي الْإِمَامَةِ وَالْمَرْأَةِ","vol":"4","page":227},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-317>مَا عَلَى الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"4","page":229},{"text":"٥٩٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يُصَلِّي إِمَامٌ بِقَوْمٍ فَيَخُصَّ نَفْسَهُ بِدَعْوَةٍ دُونَهُمْ»\n\n٥٩٧٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ مِثْلُهُ","vol":"4","page":229},{"text":"٥٩٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي السَّفَرُ بْنُ نُسَيْرٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا أَمَّ رَجُلٌ الْقَوْمَ فَلَا يَخْتَصُّ بِدُعَاءٍ دُونَهُمْ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ خَانَهُمْ، وَلَا يُدْخِلُ عَيْنَهُ فِي بَيْتِ قَوْمٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ خَانَهُمْ»","vol":"4","page":229},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-318>بَابُ إِثْبَاتِ إِمَامَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":230},{"text":"٥٩٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ جَمِيعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي جَدَّتِي، عَنْ أُمِّ وَرَقَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «أَمَرَهَا أَوْ أَذِنَ لَهَا أَنْ تَؤُمَّ أَهْلَ دَارِهَا» وَكَانَتْ قَدْ قَرَأَتِ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٥٩٧٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْخُرَيْبِيُّ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ لَيْلَى بِنْتِ مَالِكٍ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّ وَرَقَةَ وَقَالَ: فِي الْفَرَائِضِ","vol":"4","page":230},{"text":"٥٩٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيُّ، عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ يُقَالُ لَهَا حُجَيْرَةُ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ،  «أَنَّهَا أَمَّتْهُنَّ فَقَامَتْ وَسَطًا»\n\n٥٩٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَرَوَى لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا «صَلَّتْ بِنِسْوَةٍ الْعَصْرَ فَقَامَتْ وَسْطَهُنَّ» قَالَ: وَرَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ الْمَرْأَةُ بِالنِّسَاءِ تَقُومُ وَسْطَهُنَّ\n\n٥٩٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ يَأْمُرُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ تَقُومُ بِأَهْلِهِ فِي رَمَضَانَ\n\n٥٩٧٧ - وَكَانَتْ عَمْرَةُ: تَأْمُرُ الْمَرْأَةَ أَنْ تَقُومَ لِلنِّسَاءِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ","vol":"4","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-319>خُرُوجُ النِّسَاءِ إِلَى الْمَسَاجِدِ</span>","vol":"4","page":232},{"text":"٥٩٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تَمْنَعُوا إِمَاءَ اللَّهِ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ»\n\n٥٩٧٩ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، وَرَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"4","page":232},{"text":"٥٩٧٩ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ⦗٢٣٣⦘، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَتْ أَحَدَكُمُ امْرَأَتُهُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَا يَمْنَعْهَا» ⦗٢٣٤⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَعَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: يَبْلُغُ بِهِ.\n\n٥٩٨٠ - ورَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ: «لَا تَمْنَعُوا إِمَاءَكُمُ الْمَسَاجِدَ إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَتْكُمْ إِلَيْهَا»،\n\n٥٩٨١ - ورَوَاهُ نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَمْنَعُوا إِمَاءَ اللَّهِ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ»،\n\n٥٩٨٢ - ورَوَاهُ مُجَاهِدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَمْنَعُوا النِّسَاءَ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ إِلَى الْمَسَاجِدِ بِاللَّيْلِ»،\n\n٥٩٨٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «ائْذَنُوا لِلنِّسَاءِ بِاللَّيْلِ إِلَى الْمَسَاجِدِ»\n\n٥٩٨٤ - وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، وَكَأَنَّهُمْ حَفِظُوا الْمَعْنَى وَتَوَسَّعُوا فِي الْعِبَارَةِ.\n\n٥٩٨٥ - وَقَدْ حَمَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى خَاصٍّ وَأَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ لِلزَّوْجِ أَنْ يَمْنَعَهَا مَسْجِدَ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامَ لِفَرِيضَةِ الْحَجِّ، وَلَهُ أَنْ يَمْنَعَهَا مِنْهُ تَطَوُّعًا وَمِنَ الْمَسَاجِدِ غَيْرِهِ ⦗٢٣٥⦘،\n\n٥٩٨٦ - وَحُمِلَ قَوْلُهُ: «فَلَا يَمْنَعْهَا» عَلَى الِاسْتِحْبَابِ وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ مَنْقُولٌ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ\n\n٥٩٨٧ - وَقَالَ فِي خِلَالِ ذَلِكَ قَدْ يُرْوَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «صَلَاةُ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي بَيْتِهَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَلَاتِهَا فِي حُجْرَتِهَا وَصَلَاتُهَا فِي حُجْرَتِهَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَلَاتِهَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَوِ الْمَسَاجِدِ»","vol":"4","page":232},{"text":"٥٩٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُؤَذِّنُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَنْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَبِيبَةَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَأَنْ تُصَلِّيَ الْمَرْأَةُ فِي بَيْتِهَا خَيْرٌ لَهَا مِنْ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فِي حُجْرَتِهَا، وَلَأَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فِي حُجْرَتِهَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فِي الدَّارِ، وَلَأَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فِي الدَّارِ خَيْرٌ لَهَا مِنْ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ» ⦗٢٣٦⦘\n\n٥٩٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «صَلَاةُ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي بَيْتِهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلَاتِهَا فِي حُجْرَتِهَا، وَصَلَاتُهَا فِي مَخْدَعِهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلَاتِهَا فِي بَيْتِهَا»\n\n٥٩٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «لَوْ رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا أَحْدَثَ النِّسَاءُ بَعْدَهُ لَمَنَعَهُنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ كَمَا مُنِعَتْ نِسَاءُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ»","vol":"4","page":235},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-320>خُرُوجُهُنَّ إِذَا خَرَجْنَ غَيْرَ مُتَطَيِّبَاتٍ</span>","vol":"4","page":237},{"text":"٥٩٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَمْنَعُوا إِمَاءَ اللَّهِ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ، فَإِذَا خَرَجْنَ فَلْيَخْرُجْنَ تَفِلَاتٍ»\n\n٥٩٩٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَلْيَخْرُجْنَ وَهُنَّ تَفِلَاتٌ».\n\n٥٩٩٣ - قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: غَيْرَ مُتَطَيِّبَاتٍ","vol":"4","page":237},{"text":"٥٩٩٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ مَوْلَى أَبِي قَالَ: أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ هَكَذَا كَانَ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مَوْلَى أَبِي رُهْمٍ قَالَ: لَقِيَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ امْرَأَةً فَقَالَ أَيْنَ تُرِيدِينَ؟ قَالَتِ: الْمَسْجِدَ. قَالَ: قَدْ تَطَيَّبْتِ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ تَطَيَّبَتْ، ثُمَّ ⦗٢٣٨⦘ خَرَجَتْ تُرِيدُ الْمَسْجِدَ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ لَهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا وَلَا صِيَامٌ حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ فَتَغْتَسِلَ غُسْلَهَا مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ»","vol":"4","page":237},{"text":"٥٩٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ أَصَابَتْ بَخُورًا فَلَا تَشْهَدْ مَعَنَا الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ»\n\n٥٩٩٦ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُصَيْفَةَ، عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"4","page":238},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-321>بَابُ صَلَاةِ الْمُسَافِرِ وَالْجَمْعِ فِي السَّفَرِ. قَصْرُ الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":239},{"text":"٥٩٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" الْقَصْرُ لِمَنْ خَرَجَ غَازِيًا خَائِفًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ ⦗٢٤٠⦘. قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٠١] الْآيَةَ \"\n\n٥٩٩٨ - وَالْقَصْرُ لِمَنْ خَرَجَ فِي غَيْرِ مَعْصِيَةٍ فِي السُّنَّةِ","vol":"4","page":239},{"text":"٥٩٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَابَاهُ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٠١] مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَقَدْ أَمِنَ النَّاسُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: عَجِبْتُ مِمَّا عَجِبْتَ مِنْهُ فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْبَلُوا صَدَقَتَهُ» ⦗٢٤١⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ وَقَالَا فِي إِسْنَادِهِ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَابَيْهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَغَيْرُهُ.\n\n٦٠٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ فَقَالَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَابِي\n\n٦٠٠١ - وَرَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ فَقَالَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَابَاهُ\n\n٦٠٠٢ - وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ: هُمْ ثَلَاثَةٌ، فَالَّذِي يَرْوِي عَنْهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ هَذَا هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَابَيْهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ الْجُمْهُورُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n٦٠٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَابَاهُ يَرْوِي عَنْهُ حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بَابِي وَالَّذِي يَرْوِي عَنْهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَابَيْهِ الَّذِي يَرْوِي عَنْهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ ثَلَاثَةٌ مُخْتَلِفُونَ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَلَامُ الْبُخَارِيِّ ﵀ فِي التَّارِيخِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ وَاحِدٌ\n\n٦٠٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: ابْنُ بَابَيْهِ، وَابْنُ بَابَاهِ، وَابْنُ بَابِي وَاحِدٌ وَهُوَ مَكِّيُّ","vol":"4","page":240},{"text":"٦٠٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «سَافَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ، وَالْمَدِينَةِ آمِنًا لَا يَخَافُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٦٠٠٥ - لَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ذِكْرُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n٦٠٠٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ فِي إِمْلَاءِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَهُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْبَاقِينَ.\n\n٦٠٠٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ فِي اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، وَرَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ وَقَالَ: نُبِّئْتُ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"4","page":242},{"text":"٦٠٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ قَالَ: مَرَّ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ فِي مَجْلِسِنَا فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَتًى مِنَ الْقَوْمِ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْغَزْوِ وَالْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ؟ فَجَاءَ فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْنَا فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَمْرٍ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَسْمَعُوهُ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ قَالَ:  «غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَحَجَجْتُ مَعَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَشَهِدْتُ مَعَهُ الْفَتْحَ فَأَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً لَا يُصَلِّي إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لِأَهْلِ الْبَلْدَةِ» صَلُّوا أَرْبَعًا فَإِنَّا سَفَرٌ «. وَاعْتَمَرْتُ مَعَهُ ثَلَاثَ عُمَرَ لَا يُصَلِّي إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَحَجَجْتُ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ⦗٢٤٣⦘ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَغَزَوْتُ مَعَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَحَجَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ حَجَّاتٍ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَحَجَّ عُثْمَانُ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ فِي إِمَارَتِهِ لَا يُصَلِّي إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَصَلَّاهَا بَعْدُ بِمِنًى أَرْبَعًا»","vol":"4","page":242},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-322>السَّفَرُ الَّذِي يُقْصَرُ فِي مِثْلِهِ الصَّلَاةُ بِلَا خَوْفٍ</span>","vol":"4","page":244},{"text":"٦٠٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَصَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَفَرِهِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَهِيَ تِسْعٌ أَوْ عَشْرٌ، فَدَلَّ قَصْرُهُ ﵇ عَلَى أَنْ يُقْصَرَ فِي مِثْلِ مَا قَصَرَ فِيهِ وَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ \" ⦗٢٤٥⦘.\n\n٦٠١٠ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنْ يُقْصَرَ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ سَفَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِي قَصَرَ فِيهِ، وَكَانَ الْوَجْهُ أَنْ يَقْصُرَ فِيمَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ سَفَرٍ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْنَا أَنْ يَقْصُرَ فِيمَا دُونَ يَوْمَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنَّ عَامَّةَ مَنْ حَفِظْنَا عَنْهُ لَا يَخْتَلِفُ فِي أَنْ لَا يُقْصَرَ فِيمَا دُونَهُمَا\n\n٦٠١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلِلْمَرْءِ عِنْدِي أَنْ يَقْصُرَ فِيمَا كَانَ مَسِيرَةَ لَيْلَتَيْنِ قَاصِدَتَيْنِ،\n\n٦٠١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْصُرَ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ احْتِيَاطًا عَلَى نَفْسِي، وَإِنَّ تَرْكَ الْقَصْرِ مُبَاحٌ\n\n٦٠١٣ - قَالَ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَهَلْ فِي أَنْ نَقْصُرَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ حُجَّةٌ بِخَبَرٍ مُتَقَدِّمٍ؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ. عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"4","page":244},{"text":"٦٠١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ: \" أَنَقْصِرُ إِلَى عَرَفَةَ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا وَلَكِنْ إِلَى عُسْفَانَ، وَإِلَى جَدَّةَ، وَإِلَى الطَّائِفِ \"\n\n٦٠١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَأَقْرَبُ هَذَا مِنْ مَكَّةَ سِتَّةٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ مِيلًا بِالْأَمْيَالِ الْهَاشِمِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ مَسِيرَةُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ قَاصِدَتَيْنِ دَبِيبَ الْأَقْدَامِ وَسَيْرَ الثِّقَلِ\n\n٦٠١٦ - وَقَالَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ مِيْلًا بِالْهَاشِمِيِّ وَكَذَا قَالَهُ فِي الصَّوْمِ","vol":"4","page":245},{"text":"٦٠١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: \" أَقْصُرُ إِلَى عَرَفَةَ؟ قَالَ: لَا. وَلَكِنْ إِلَى جَدَّةَ، وَعُسْفَانَ، وَالطَّائِفِ، وَإِنْ قَدِمْتَ عَلَى أَهْلٍ أَوْ مَاشِيَةٍ فَأَتِمَّ \"\n\n٦٠١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وبِهِ نَأْخُذُ","vol":"4","page":246},{"text":"٦٠١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّهُ  «كَانَ يُسَافَرُ مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ الْبَرِيدُ فَلَا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ»","vol":"4","page":246},{"text":"٦٠٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ،  «رَكِبَ إِلَى ذَاتِ النُّصُبِ فَقَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي مَسِيرَةِ ذَلِكَ»\n\n٦٠٢١ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَبَيْنَ ذَاتِ النُّصُبِ، وَالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعَةُ بُرُدٍ","vol":"4","page":246},{"text":"٦٠٢٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ  «رَكِبَ إِلَى رِيمٍ فَقَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي مَسِيرَةِ ذَلِكَ»\n\n٦٠٢٣ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ نَحْوٌ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ بُرُدٍ ⦗٢٤٧⦘\n\n٦٠٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: لَا يُقْصَرُ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ مِنْ حُجَّتِهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُسَافِرُ الْمَرْأَةُ سَفَرًا يَكُونُ ثَلَاثًا إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ». فَقِيلَ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ قَالَ هَذَا: وَمَا سَفَرُ الْمَرْأَةِ مِمَّا يُقْصَرُ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةُ؟ أَوَمَا قُلْتُمْ مَا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ سَفَرٌ، وَحَكَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تُسَافِرُ امْرَأَةٌ سَفَرًا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ السَّفَرُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَصَاعِدًا إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ» فَقَدْ جَعَلَ مَا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ سَفَرًا، وَقَدْ نُهِيَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ أَنْ تَخْلُوَ فِي الْمِصْرِ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ، أَفَتَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ فِي الْخُلُوِّ؟ إِنَّمَا نُهِيَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ عَنِ السَّفَرِ مَعَ غَيْرِ مَحْرَمٍ لِلْحِيَاطَةِ لَهَا","vol":"4","page":246},{"text":"٦٠٢٥ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ أَنْ تُسَافِرَ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَفَتَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ فِي يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ؟ ⦗٢٤٨⦘\n\n٦٠٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٠٢٧ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ وَابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ وَجَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ\n\n٦٠٢٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"4","page":247},{"text":"٦٠٢٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُسَافِرُ امْرَأَةٌ سَفَرًا يَكُونُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَصَاعِدًا، إِلَّا وَمَعَهَا أَبُوهَا أَوْ أَخُوهَا أَوِ ابْنُهَا، أَوْ ذُو مَحْرَمٍ مِنْهَا»\n\n٦٠٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٠٣١ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ هِيَ الَّتِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا احْتَجُّوا بِهِ، ثُمَّ احْتَجَّ بِهَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهَا مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ\n\n٦٠٣٢ - وَفِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَاتِ: عَنْ قُزْعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ «يَوْمَيْنِ»،\n\n٦٠٣٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «ثَلَاثًا»،\n\n٦٠٣٤ - وَفِي ثَالِثَةٍ: «فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ»\n\n٦٠٣٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \": لَا يَخْلُوَنَّ رَجُلٌ بِامْرَأَةٍ إِلَّا وَمَعَهَا ذُو رَحِمٍ وَلَا تُسَافِرُ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ \"\n\n٦٠٣٦ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْصِدْ بِرِوَايَةِ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ تَقْدِيرَ السَّفَرِ، وَإِنَّمَا قَصَدَ بِهَا الْحِيَاطَةَ لَهَا بِذِي مَحْرَمٍ، مُقِيمَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ مُسَافِرَةً أَيَّ سَفَرٍ كَانَ، قَصِيرًا أَوْ طَوِيلًا ⦗٢٤٩⦘\n\n٦٠٣٧ - قِيلَ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَى السُّوَيْدَاءِ\n\n٦٠٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ بَعْضَ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ عَنِ السُّوَيْدَاءِ فَقَالَ: الْبَرِيدُ الرَّابِعُ فِي طَرَفِ بُيُوتِهَا.\n\n٦٠٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْإِسْنَادُ الصَّحِيحُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لِقَوْلِنَا.\n\n٦٠٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ لَا تَقْصُرُوا الصَّلَاةَ فِي أَدْنَى مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ بُرُدٍ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى عُسْفَانَ»\n\n٦٠٤١ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَارِثِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٠٤٢ - وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَرِوَايَاتُهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ ضَعِيفَةٌ،\n\n٦٠٤٣ - وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُجَاهِدٍ ضَعِيفٌ بِمَرَّةٍ وَالصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ كَمَا سَبَقَ ذِكْرُهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":248},{"text":"٦٠٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ  «لَا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا فِي حَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ»\n\n٦٠٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا، وَيَقُولُونَ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ فِي كُلِّ سَفَرٍ بَلَغَ ثَلَاثًا، وَغَيْرُهُمْ يَقُولُ كُلُّ سَفَرٍ بَلَغَ لَيْلَتَيْنِ\n\n٦٠٤٦ - قَالَ: وَرَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «سَافَرْتُ مَعَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى ضَيْعَةٍ بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ، فَقَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ بِالنَّجَفِ»\n\n٦٠٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا أَحَدَ عَلِمْتُهُ مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا أَمَامَهُمْ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَا تُقْصَرُ الصَّلَاةُ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ قَوَاصِدٍ.\n\n٦٠٤٨ - وَلَا نَعْلَمُهُمْ يَرْوُونَ هَذَا عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِمَّنْ مَضَى مِمَّنْ قَوْلُهُ حُجَّةٌ، بَلْ يَرْوُونَ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ خِلَافَ قَوْلِهِمْ\n\n٦٠٤٩ - رَوَاهُ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" اسْتَأْذَنْتُ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ الْيَمَانِ فِي الْمَدَائِنِ فَقَالَ: آذَنُ لَكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تَقْصُرَ حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ \"\n\n٦٠٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا وَيَقُولُونَ: يَقْصُرُ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَأْخُذُ فِي الْقَصْرِ بِقَوْلِ: ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ فِي مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعَةِ بُرُدٍ\n\n٦٠٥١ - وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ عَنْهُمَا كَمَا مَضَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ رِوَايَتَهُمْ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَرِوَايَتُنَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"4","page":250},{"text":"٦٠٥٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «لَا تَغْتَرُّوا بِسَوَادِكُمْ، فَإِنَّمَا سَوَادُكُمْ مِنْ كُوفَتِكُمْ يَعْنِي لَا تَقْصُرُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِلَى السَّوَادِ»\n\n٦٠٥٣ - وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: إِنْ أَرَادَ مِنَ السَّوَادِ مَسِيرَةَ ثَلَاثٍ، قَصَرَ إِلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةَ. وَهَذِهِ أَحَادِيثُ يَرْوُونَهَا فِي صَلَاةِ السَّفَرِ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ يُخَالِفُونَهَا كُلَّهَا","vol":"4","page":250},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-323>الْإِتْمَامُ فِي السَّفَرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":251},{"text":"٦٠٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٠١] الْآيَة\n\n٦٠٥٥ - َ قَالَ: فَكَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ أَنَّ قَصْرَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الضَّرْبِ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالْخَوْفِ، تَخْفِيفٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿ عَنْ خَلْقِهِ، لَا أَنَّ فَرْضًا عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْصُرُوا، كَمَا كَانَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٦] لَا أَنَّ حَتْمًا عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يُطَلِّقُوهُنَّ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَالِ ⦗٢٥٢⦘،\n\n٦٠٥٦ - وَذَكَرَ مَعَ هَذَا سَائِرَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى \"","vol":"4","page":251},{"text":"٦٠٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَإِذَا كَانَ الْقَصْرُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْخَوْفِ رُخْصَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ، كَانَ كَذَلِكَ الْقَصْرُ فِي السَّفَرِ بِلَا خَوْفٍ،\n\n٦٠٥٨ - فَمَنْ قَصَرَ فِي الْخَوْفِ وَالسَّفَرِ قَصَرَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٦٠٥٩ - وَمَنْ قَصَرَ فِي سَفَرٍ بِلَا خَوْفٍ، قَصَرَ بِنَصِّ السُّنَّةِ»\n\n٦٠٦٠ - وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عَلَى عِبَادِهِ،\n\n٦٠٦١ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَأَيْنَ الدَّلَالَةُ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتَ؟ قِيلَ لَهُ أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ: \" ﴿أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٠١] فَقَدْ أَمِنَ النَّاسُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: عَجِبْتُ مِمَّا عَجِبْتَ مِنْهُ، فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ، فَاقْبَلُوا صَدَقَتَهُ»\n\n٦٠٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَدَلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّ الْقَصْرَ فِي السَّفَرِ بِلَا خَوْفٍ صَدَقَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ،\n\n٦٠٦٣ - وَالصَّدَقَةُ رُخْصَةٌ لَا حَتْمٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَقْصُرُوا، وَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنْ يَقْصُرُوا فِي السَّفَرِ بِلَا خَوْفٍ إِنْ شَاءَ الْمُسَافِرُ فَإِنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كُلُّ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَتَمَّ فِي السَّفَرِ وَقَصَرَ»","vol":"4","page":252},{"text":"٦٠٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قَدْ فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي السَّفَرِ وَأَتَمَّ»\n\n٦٠٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ","vol":"4","page":253},{"text":"٦٠٦٦ - وَأَصَحُّ إِسْنَادٍ فِيهِ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمَحَامِلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَوَابٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَانَ يَقْصُرُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَيُتِمُّ، وَيُفْطِرُ وَيَصُومُ»\n\n٦٠٦٧ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ","vol":"4","page":253},{"text":"٦٠٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ ⦗٢٥٤⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، \" أَنَّهَا اعْتَمَرَتْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ حَتَّى إِذَا قَدِمَتْ مَكَّةَ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ: بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي قَصَرْتُ وَأَتْمَمْتُ، وَأَفْطَرْتُ وَصُمْتُ فَقَالَ «أَحْسَنْتِ يَا عَائِشَةُ وَمَا عَابَ عَلَيَّ» ⦗٢٥٥⦘\n\n٦٠٦٩ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ ⦗٢٥٩⦘\n\n٦٠٧٠ - وَهُوَ إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ مَوْصُولٌ؛ فَإِنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ أَدْرَكَ عَائِشَةَ\n\n٦٠٧١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"4","page":253},{"text":"٦٠٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «خِيَارُكُمُ الَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا قَصَرُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَفْطَرُوا» أَوْ قَالَ: «لَمْ يَصُومُوا».\n\n٦٠٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لِلْمُسَافِرِ أَنْ يَقْصُرَ، وَلَوْ أَتَمَّ مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةٌ، لِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ بِأَنَّهَا رُخْصَةٌ، وَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ رُخْصَةً أَحْبَبْتُ قَبُولَهُ، وَالِاسْتِنَانُ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ، وَلَيْسَ تَرْكُ الرُّخْصَةِ بِإِفْسَادٍ لِلصَّلَاةِ ⦗٢٦٠⦘\n\n٦٠٧٤ - أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ صَلَّى شَطْرَ إِمَارَتِهِ بِأَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِنًى، فَأَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَصَلُّوا مَعَهُ هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: هَذِهِ صَلَاةٌ غَيْرُ مُجْزِئَةٍ وَلَا يُجْزِئُ هَذَا لِعَالِمٍ\n\n٦٠٧٥ - وَعَابَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ إِتْمَامَ الصَّلَاةِ بِمِنًى، فَقَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ: \" فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى بِنَا أَرْبَعًا قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَتَفْعَلُ مَا عِبْتَ؟ قَالَ: الْخِلَافُ شَرٌّ \"\n\n٦٠٧٦ - فَكُلُّ هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمُ اخْتَارُوا الْقَصْرَ بِقَبُولِ رُخْصَةِ اللَّهِ، وَلَمْ يَرَوَا التَّمَامَ يُفْسِدُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ أَتَمَّ","vol":"4","page":259},{"text":"٦٠٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: صَلَّى عُثْمَانُ بِمِنًى أَرْبَعًا. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَمَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَمَعَ عُمَرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقَتْ بِكُمُ الطُّرُقُ» قَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ: فَحَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ قُرَّةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ صَلَّاهَا بَعْدَهَا أَرْبَعًا. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: عِبْتَ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ وَتُصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا؟ فَقَالَ: الْخِلَافُ شَرٌّ\n\n٦٠٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ فِي صَلَاةِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَرْبَعًا، وَقَوْلُهُمْ: أَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلَى. وَلَكِنَّ عُثْمَانَ كَانَ إِمَامًا، فَأُخَالِفُهُ وَالْخِلَافُ شَرٌّ","vol":"4","page":260},{"text":"٦٠٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ بِمِنًى أَرْبَعًا، فَإِذَا صَلَّى لِنَفْسِهِ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ» ⦗٢٦١⦘\n\n٦٠٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ صَلَّى بِمِنًى أَرْبَعًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَحْتَمِلُ إِلَّا هَذَا، أَوْ يَكُونُ الْإِمَامُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ يُتِمُّ بِمِنًى؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِمَامَ فِي زَمَانِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، وَقَدْ أَتَمُّوا بِإِتْمَامِ عُثْمَانَ، وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُسَافِرَ لَوْ أَتَمَّ بِقَوْمٍ لَمْ يُفْسِدْ صَلَاتَهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ صَلَاتَهُ لَوْ كَانَتْ تَفْسُدُ لَمْ يُصَلِّ مَعَهُ","vol":"4","page":260},{"text":"٦٠٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «أَوَّلُ مَا فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَزِيدَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْحَضَرِ وَأُقِرَّتْ صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ»\n\n٦٠٨٢ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَمَا شَأْنُ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ تُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّهَا تَأَوَّلَتْ مَا تَأَوَّلَ عُثْمَانُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٦٠٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْمُسَافِرِ أُقِرَّتْ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِنْ شَاءَ وَذَلِكَ؛ لِأَنَّهَا أُتِمَّتْ فِي السَّفَرِ،\n\n٦٠٨٤ - وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِ عُرْوَةَ: إِنَّمَا تَأَوَّلَتْ مَا تَأَوَّلَ عُثْمَانُ لَا أَدْرِي أَتَأَوَّلَتْ أَنَّ لَهَا أَنْ تُتِمَّ وَتَقْصُرَ فَاخْتَارَتِ الْإِتْمَامَ ⦗٢٦٢⦘،\n\n٦٠٨٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٦٠٨٦ - وَمَا رَوَتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَتْ بِمِثْلِهِ أَوْلَى بِهَا\n\n٦٠٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ \" أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُصَلِّي فِي السَّفَرِ أَرْبَعًا. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: لَوْ صَلَّيْتِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ. فَقَالَتْ: يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي إِنَّهُ لَا يَشُقُّ عَلَيَّ \".\n\n٦٠٨٨ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ أَنَّهَا تَأَوَّلَتْ مَا قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n٦٠٨٩ - وَإِلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ ذَهَبَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ فِي الْإِتْمَامِ\n\n٦٠٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَوْ كَانَ فَرَضَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، لَمْ يُتِمَّهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ وَلَمْ يُتِمَّهَا ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ، وَلَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُتِمَّهَا مُسَافِرٌ مَعَ مُقِيمٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ\n\n٦٠٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ إِنَّمَا «صَلَّى بِمِنًى أَرْبَعًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَجْمَعَ الْإِقَامَةَ بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ» ⦗٢٦٣⦘.\n\n٦٠٩٢ - وَرَوَى يُونُسُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: «لَمَّا اتَّخَذَ عُثْمَانُ الْأَمْوَالَ بِالطَّائِفِ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِهَا صَلَّى أَرْبَعًا»\n\n٦٠٩٣ - وَرَوَى مُغِيرَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ صَلَّى أَرْبَعًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ اتَّخَذَهَا وَطَنًا»،\n\n٦٠٩٤ - وَكُلُّ هَذَا مَدْخُولٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ إِتْمَامُهُ لِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى لَمَا خَفِيَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى سَائِرِ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَلَمَا أَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْهِ تَرْكَ السُّنَّةِ، وَلَمَا صَلَّاهَا ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ أَرْبَعًا، وَهُوَ لَمْ يَنْوِ مِنَ الْإِقَامَةِ مَا نَوَى عُثْمَانُ\n\n٦٠٩٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَى أَيُّوبُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ «أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ بِمِنًى مِنْ أَجْلِ الْأَعْرَابِ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَثُرُوا عَامَئِذٍ، فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ أَرْبَعًا، لِيُعَلِّمَهُمْ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ أَرْبَعٌ» وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَوَّلَ لَمْ يَقُلْهُ عَنْ رِوَايَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ عِنْدَهُ، إِذْ لَوْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ رِوَايَةٌ صَحِيحَةٌ لَمْ يُخْتَلَفْ فِيهِ.\n\n٦٠٩٦ - وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُنْقَطِعٌ دُونَ عُثْمَانَ.\n\n٦٠٩٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادٍ حَسَنٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَنَّهُ أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ بِمِنًى، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ السُّنَّةَ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسُنَّةُ صَاحِبَيْهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ حَدَّثَ الْعَامَّ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَخِفْتُ أَنْ يَسْتَنُّوا»\n\n٦٠٩٨ - فَهَذَا يُؤَكِّدُ رِوَايَةَ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٦٠٩٩ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَزْدِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: صَلَّى عُثْمَانُ بِأَهْلِ مِنًى أَرْبَعًا. وَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَمَّا قَدِمْتُ تَأَهَّلْتُ بِهَا، وَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا تَأَهَّلَ رَجُلٌ بِبَلَدٍ، فَلْيُصَلِّ بِهِ صَلَاةَ مُقِيمٍ»، فَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗٢٦٤⦘\n\n٦١٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يُتِمَّانِ الصَّلَاةَ فِي السَّفَرِ وَيَصُومَانِ.\n\n٦١٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا جَوَازَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ","vol":"4","page":261},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-324>الْمُسَافِرُ لَا يَقْصُرُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنْ بُيُوتِ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِي يُسَافَرُ مِنْهَا</span>","vol":"4","page":265},{"text":"٦١٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ ⦗٢٦٦⦘، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ:  «صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا، وَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ الْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٦١٠٣ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٦١٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ ⦗٢٦٧⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ","vol":"4","page":265},{"text":"٦١٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا، وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٦١٠٦ - قَالَ: وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: بَاتَ بِهَا حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ.\n\n٦١٠٧ - ورَوَاهُ حَرْمَلَةُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ","vol":"4","page":267},{"text":"٦١٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ  «إِذَا خَرَجَ حَاجًّا أَوْ مُعْتَمِرًا قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ»","vol":"4","page":267},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-325>الْمُقَامُ الَّذِي يَتِمُّ بِمِثْلِهِ الصَّلَاةُ</span>","vol":"4","page":268},{"text":"٦١٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ: \" سَأَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ جُلَسَاءَهُ قَالَ: مَاذَا سَمِعْتُمْ مِنْ مُقَامِ الْمُهَاجِرِ بِمَكَّةَ؟ قَالَ السَّائِبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يَمْكُثُ الْمُهَاجِرُ بَعْدَ قَضَاءِ نُسُكِهِ ثَلَاثًا» ⦗٢٦٩⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ\n\n٦١١٠ - قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَكَانَ هَذَا أَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَقْصَى غَايَةِ مُقَامِ الْمُسَافِرِ، وَكَانَ مَا جَاوَزَهُ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُقَامَ مُقِيمٍ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَعْدُ يَوْمٌ كَامِلٌ إِلَّا أَرْبَعٌ، فَذَهَبْنَا إِلَى أَنَّ مَنَ أَجْمَعَ مُقَامَ أَرْبَعٍ فَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنْ حَدِّ مُقَامِ الْمُسَافِرِ لَيْسَ فِي الْأَرْبَعِ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي دَخَلَ فِيهِ، وَلَا الَّذِي يَخْرُجُ فِيهِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي كِلَيْهِمَا مُسَافِرٌ\n\n٦١١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَجْلَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَهْلَ الذِّمَّةِ مِنَ الْحِجَازِ، وَضَرَبَ لِمَنْ يَقْدَمُ مِنْهُمْ تَاجِرًا مُقَامَ ثَلَاثٍ، فَأَشْبَهَ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ","vol":"4","page":268},{"text":"٦١١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ «ضَرَبَ لِلْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، وَالْمَجُوسِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ إِقَامَةَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ، يَتَسَوَّقُونَ بِهَا وَيَقْضُونَ حَوَائِجَهُمْ، وَلَا يُقِيمُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ» ⦗٢٧٠⦘\n\n٦١١٣ - ورَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: عَنِ الثِّقَةِ عِنْدَهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ «أَجْلَى الْيَهُودَ، وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ وَضَرَبَ لِمَنْ قَدِمَ مِنْهُمْ أَجَلًا ثَلَاثًا، قَدْرَ مَا يَبِيعُونَ سِلَعَهُمْ»\n\n٦١١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَنْ أَجْمَعَ إِقَامَةَ أَرْبَعٍ أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ،\n\n٦١١٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَيْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ\n\n٦١١٦ - وَهَكَذَا حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَجْمَعَ إِقَامَةِ أَرْبَعٍ أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ»","vol":"4","page":269},{"text":"٦١١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ أَجْمَعَ إِقَامَةَ أَرْبَعِ لَيَالٍ وَهُوَ مُسَافِرٌ أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ»\n\n٦١١٧ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي لَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عِنْدَنَا\n\n٦١١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ هَذَا أَقَلَّ مَا قَالَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ، فَكَانَ لَهُ أَنْ يُتِمَّ وَلَهُ أَنْ يَقْصُرَ، أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ أَنْ يَقْصُرَ وَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ\n\n٦١١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا إِذَا أَجْمَعَ إِقَامَةَ أَرْبَعٍ، فَأَمَّا إِذَا أَقَامَ مُدَّةً لَا يَجْمَعُ مُكْثًا","vol":"4","page":270},{"text":"٦١٢٠ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِنًى ثَلَاثًا يَقْصُرُ، وَقَدِمَ فِي حَجَّتِهِ فَأَقَامَ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ مَسِيرِهِ إِلَى عَرَفَةَ يَقْصُرُ، وَلَمْ يَحْسِبِ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي قَدِمَ فِيهِ مَكَّةَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ ⦗٢٧١⦘ فِيهِ سَائِرٌ، وَلَا يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ خَارِجٌ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَكُنِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُقِيمًا فِي سَفَرٍ قَصَرَ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يَكُونَ الرَّجُلُ مُقِيمًا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ، إِلَّا مُقَامَ مُسَافِرٍ\n\n٦١٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي هَذَا بَيَانُ مَا رَوَاهُ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ فِي مُقَامِهِمْ فِي الْحَجِّ عَشْرًا يُصَلُّونَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُقِيمُوا فِي مَوْضِعٍ وَاحِدٍ أَرْبَعًا، إِنَّمَا كَانُوا بِمَكَّةَ، وَبِمِنًى، وَبِعَرَفَاتٍ، وَبِمُزْدَلِفَةَ، وَالْمُحَصَّبِ، وَبِمِنًى، وَبِمَكَّةَ، وَبِمِنًى\n\n٦١٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا قَدِمَ بَلَدًا لَا يَجْمَعِ الْمُقَامَ بِهِ أَرْبَعًا فَأَقَامَ لِحَاجَةٍ أَوْ عِلَّةِ مَرَضٍ وَهُوَ عَازِمٌ عَلَى الْخُرُوجِ قَصَرَ، فَإِذَا جَاوَزَ مُقَامَهُ أَرْبَعًا أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يُتِمَّ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُتِمْ أَعَادَ مَا صَلَّى بِالْقَصْرِ بَعْدَ أَرْبَعٍ، وَلَوْ قَبْلَ الْحَرْبِ وَغَيْرُ الْحَرْبِ فِي هَذَا سَوَاءٌ، كَانَ مَذْهَبًا، وَمَنْ قَصَرَ كَمَا يَقْصُرُ فِي خَوْفِ الْحَرْبِ، لَمْ يَبِنْ لِي أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةً، وَإِنِ اخْتَرْتُ مَا وَصَفْتُ\n\n٦١٢٣ - قَالَ: وَإِنْ كَانَ مُقَامُهُ لِحَرْبٍ أَوْ خَوْفِ حَرْبٍ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقَامَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ بِحَرْبِ هَوَازِنَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ أَوْ ثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ يَقْصُرُ\nو٦١٢٤ - َقَالَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَلَوِ انْتَهَى الْمُسَافِرُ إِلَى بَلَدٍ، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا لَا لِجَمْعٍ مُقَامَ أَرْبَعٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَقَامَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ يَرَاهُ يَنْجَحُ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَالْيَوْمَيْنِ، فَاسْتَأْخَرَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ فَلَا يَزَالُ يَقْصُرُ مَا لَمْ يَجْمَعْ مُكْثًا، مَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْ مُقَامَهُ مَا أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ\n\n٦١٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِي ثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً، فَقَدْ مَضَتْ فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"4","page":270},{"text":"٦١٢٦ - وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِي سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ الْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «أَقَامَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ بِمَكَّةَ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ»\n\n٦١٢٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَمَنْ أَقَامَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَمَنْ أَقَامَ أَكْثَرَ أَتَمَّ\n\n٦١٢٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْأَصْفَهَانِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: «سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ»\n\n٦١٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ فَقَالَ: «تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ»\n\n٦١٣٠ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، وَابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَأَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ فَقِيلَ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ: «تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ، وَقِيلَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَتِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ عَنْهُمْ أَكْثَرُ»","vol":"4","page":272},{"text":"٦١٣١ - ورَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ فَقَالَ:  «أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ».\n\n٦١٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ السَّيَّارِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمُوَجِّهِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمٌ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦١٣٣ - وَقَالَ: فَنَحْنُ نُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، فَإِنْ أَقَمْنَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَتْمَمْنَا ⦗٢٧٣⦘.\n\n٦١٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، وَأَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، وَحُصَيْنٍ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا.\n\n٦١٣٥ - وَيُمْكِنُ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْ قَالَ: سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا لَمْ يَعُدَّ يَوْمَ الدُّخُولِ وَيَوْمَ الْخُرُوجِ.\n\n٦١٣٦ - وَمَنْ قَالَ: تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا عَدَّهُمَا وَمَنْ قَالَ: ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا عَدَّ أَحَدَهُمَا\n\n٦١٣٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «أَقَامَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ» فَكَذَا رَوَاهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْهُ.\n\n٦١٣٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَهُوَ الزُّهْرِيُّ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ.\n\n٦١٣٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وأَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الدُّهْنِيُّ، وسَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا فِيهِ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٦١٤٠ - وَحَدِيثُ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ «أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِتَبُوكَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ»\n\n٦١٤١ - غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ.\n\n٦١٤٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى مُرْسَلًا وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ جَابِرٍ\n\n٦١٤٣ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ» ⦗٢٧٤⦘.\n\n٦١٤٤ - وَحَدِيثُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ» غَيْرُ صَحِيحٍ، تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ\n\n٦١٤٥ - وَصُحِّحَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ الْمُسَافِرِ مَا لَمْ أَجْمَعْ مُكْثًا، وَإِنْ حَبَسَنِي ذَلِكَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً\n\n٦١٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ فِيمَنْ أَقَامَ بِبَلَدٍ لِتَأَهُّبِ الْحَرْبِ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا: فَلَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْإِتْمَامُ وَإِنْ أَقَامَ أَرْبَعًا إِلَّا بِنِيَّةِ الْمُقَامِ؛ لِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَسَعْدٍ «أَقَامُوا شَهْرًا يَقْصُرُونَ وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَنْوُوا الْمُقَامَ»","vol":"4","page":272},{"text":"٦١٤٧ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ سَعْدٍ فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الدَّقَّاقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ سَعْدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ «فِي قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَى الشَّامِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، فَكُنَّا نُصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا وَكَانَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ»","vol":"4","page":274},{"text":"٦١٤٨ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: \" ارْتَجَّ عَلَيْنَا الثَّلْجُ وَنَحْنُ بِأَذْرَبِيجَانَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ فِي غَزَاةٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: فَكُنَّا نُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ \"\n\n٦١٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ أَقَامَ بِالشَّامِ مَعَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ شَهْرَيْنٍ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ الْمُسَافِرِ\n\n٦١٥٠ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ شَهْرَيْنِ نَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ","vol":"4","page":274},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-326>الْمُسَافِرُ يَنْزِلُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ قَصَرَ مَا لَمْ يَجْمَعْ مُكْثًا، وَلَمْ يَقُمْ أَرْبَعًا</span>","vol":"4","page":275},{"text":"٦١٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَدْ قَصَرَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَعَهُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَفِي حَجَّتِهِ، وَفِي حَجَّةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلِعَدَدٍ مِنْهُمْ دَارٌ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ⦗٢٧٦⦘ وَقَرَابَاتٌ، مِنْهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَهُ بِمَكَّةَ دَارٌ وَقَرَابَاتٌ، وَعُمَرُ لَهُ بِمَكَّةَ دُورٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَعُثْمَانُ لَهُ بِمَكَّةَ دَارٌ وَقَرَابَةٌ، فَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا أَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْإِتْمَامِ وَلَا أَتَمَّ، وَلَا أَتَمُّوا بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قُدُومِهِمْ مَكَّةَ بَلْ حُفِظَ عَمَّنْ حُفِظَ عَنْهُ مِنْهُمُ الْقَصْرُ بِهَا ⦗٢٧٧⦘\n\n٦١٥٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ مَضَى الْخَبَرُ عَنْ قَصْرِهِمْ فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"4","page":275},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-327>صَلَاةُ الْمَكِّيِّ بِمِنًى تَمَامٌ غَيْرَ قَصْرٍ</span>","vol":"4","page":278},{"text":"٦١٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَوْ أَنَّا زَعَمْنَا، أَنَّ الْمَكِّيَّ يَقْصُرُ خَالَفَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمَا ذَهَبْنَا إِلَيْهِ، مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: يَقْصُرُ فِي مَسِيرَةِ لَيْلَتَيْنٍ، وَزَعَمْنَا أَنَّ الْقَصْرَ فِي بَرِيدٍ \"","vol":"4","page":278},{"text":"٦١٥٤ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح.\n\n٦١٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ \" لَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ صَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ. فَقَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ أَتِمُّوا صَلَاتَكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّا قَوْمٌ سَفَرٌ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى عُمَرُ بِمِنًى رَكْعَتَيْنِ \"\n\n٦١٥٦ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُمْ شَيْئًا","vol":"4","page":278},{"text":"٦١٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ «كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِمِنًى مَعَ الْإِمَامِ أَرْبَعًا، فَإِذَا صَلَّى لِنَفْسِهِ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ» ⦗٢٧٩⦘\n\n٦١٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُهُمْ بِأَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ أَتِمُّوا صَلَاتَكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّا قَوْمٌ سَفَرٌ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ ذَلِكَ بِمِنًى\n\n٦١٥٨ - وَقَدْ يَكُونُ أَنْ قَالَ لَهُمْ بِمَكَّةَ فَقَنَعَ بِالْقَوْلِ الْأَوَّلِ عَنِ الْقَوْلِ الْآخَرِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّ فَرْضَهُ غَيْرُ فَرْضِهِمْ، وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْإِتْمَامَ وَلَهُ التَّقْصِيرُ، كَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُمْ مُجْزِيًا فِي الْمَوْطِنَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ قَالَهُ وَلَمْ يُحْفَظْ عَنْهُ\n\n٦١٥٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ آخَرُ بِأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يُجَاوِرُ بِمَكَّةَ فِيهِمْ، فَإِذَا أَتَى عَرَفَةَ قَصَرَ وَإِنَّمَا قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ لِانْتِقَاضِ الْمُقَامِ، لَا لِأَنَّ الْحَجَّ سَفَرٌ يُقْصَرُ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ لَمَّا خَرَجَ حَاجًّا فَقَدِ انْتُقِضَ سَفَرُهُ، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ إِتْيَانَ الْمَدِينَةِ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، لَا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ","vol":"4","page":278},{"text":"٦١٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي حَامِدِ بْنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَيَّوَيْهِ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ يَقُولُ: كَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالِي مَكَّةَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ الْمَوْسِمَ، فَسَأَلَ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، وَمَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ عَنِ «الصَّلَاةِ بِمِنًى، وَعَرَفَاتٍ، فَأَمَرَهُ مَالِكٌ أَنْ يَقْصُرَ، وَأَمَرَهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ أَنْ يُتِمَّ» فَأَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ مَالِكٍ وَتَرَكَ قَوْلَ سُفْيَانَ. قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: فَحَضَرْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، وَابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ يُصَلِّيَانِ مَعَهُ، فَأَمَّا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فَقَامَ فَبَنَا عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ فَأَتَمَّهَا أَرْبَعًا، وَأَمَّا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فَقَامَ فَأَعَادَ الصَّلَاةَ فَصَلَّى أَرْبَعًا\n\n٦١٦١ - قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: فَذَكَرْتُهُ لِلْأَوْزَاعِيِّ فَقَالَ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ\n\n٦١٦٢ - قَالَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ فَذَكَرْتُ أَنَا هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ فَقَالَ: بَلِ الْفِعْلُ مَا فَعَلَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فِي الْبِنَاءِ، قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: لِمَ؟ قَالَ: أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَأَمَّهُمْ، فَلَمْ يُفْسِدْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَاتَهُمْ، وَصَلَّى عُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ بِالنَّاسِ وَهُمَا جُنُبَانِ، فَأَعَادَا وَلَمْ يَأْمُرَا النَّاسَ بِالْإِعَادَةِ، فَكَانَ فَرْضُ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ لِنَفْسِهِ","vol":"4","page":279},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-328>الصَّلَاةُ فِي السَّفِينَةِ</span>\n٦١٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: يُصَلِّي رَاكِبُ السَّفِينَةِ فِيهَا قَائِمًا إِذَا كَانَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْقِيَامِ\n\n٦١٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا مَضَى فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «صَلِّ قَائِمًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَجَالِسًا»","vol":"4","page":280},{"text":"٦١٦٥ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، \" أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي السَّفِينَةِ فَقَالَ: «صَلِّ فِيهَا قَائِمًا إِلَّا أَنْ تَخَافَ الْغَرَقَ» ⦗٢٨١⦘\n\n٦١٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بُرْقَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦١٦٧ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَلَّيْنَا مَعَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي السَّفِينَةِ يَؤُمُّنَا فِيهَا قُعُودًا، فَيُحْتَمَلَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَخَافُونَ الْغَرَقَ أَوْ دَوَرَانَ الرَّأْسِ وَالسُّقُوطَ\n\n٦١٦٨ - وَهَكَذَا مَا رُوِيَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا نُصَلِّي فِيهَا قُعُودًا\n\n٦١٦٩ - وَقِيلَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: كُنَّا مَعَ جُنَادَةَ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ","vol":"4","page":280},{"text":"٦١٧٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي السَّفِينَةِ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي عُتْبَةَ مَوْلًى لِأَنَسٍ وَهُوَ مَعَنَا فِي الْمَجْلِسِ: «سَافَرْتُ مَعَ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ يُصَلِّي بِنَا إِمَامُنَا صَلَاةَ الْفَرْضِ قَائِمًا بِالسَّفِينَةِ وَنُصَلِّي خَلْفَهُ قِيَامًا، وَلَوْ شِئْنَا لَخَرَجْنَا»\n\n٦١٧١ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ وَقَالَ: وَأُرَاهُ ذَكَرَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ وَكَأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا لَا يَخَافُونَ الْغَرَقَ وَلَا تَدُورُ رُءُوسُهُمْ عِنْدَ الْقِيَامِ فَصَلُّوا قِيَامًا، وَلَوْ كَانَ عِنْدَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ خِلَافٌ فِي ذَلِكَ لَأَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَذْكُرَهُ، وَمَوْلَاهُ يَحْكِي عَنْ غَيْرِهِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":281},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-329>قَصْرُ الصَّلَاةِ لِمَنْ كَانَ سَفَرُهُ فِي غَيْرِ مَعْصِيَةٍ</span>","vol":"4","page":282},{"text":"٦١٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَمَنْ خَرَجَ يَقْطَعُ سَبِيلًا أَوْ يُخِيفُ آمِنًا أَوْ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ مِنَ الْمَعَاصِي، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْصُرَ وَلَا يَأْكُلُ مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ وَلَوِ اضْطُرَّ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ قَالَ: ﴿فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٣]\n\n٦١٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ مُجَاهِدٌ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْآيَةِ إِلَى مَعْنَى مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"4","page":282},{"text":"٦١٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الضَّبِّيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٣] قَالَ: غَيْرَ بَاغٍ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَا مُعْتَدٍ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَمَنْ خَرَجَ يَقْطَعُ الرَّحِمَ أَوْ يَقْطَعُ السَّبِيلَ أَوْ يُفْسِدُ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاضْطُرَّ إِلَى الْمَيْتَةِ، لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ \"","vol":"4","page":282},{"text":"٦١٧٥ - وَفِي تَفْسِيرِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَعْنَى مَا رُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّهُ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ كَانَ فِي طَاعَتِهِ إِذَا اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهِ، فَمَنْ عَدَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِسَيْفِهِ يُخِيفُ سَبِيلَهُمْ وَيَقْطَعُ طَرِيقَهُمْ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِذَا اضْطُرُّوا إِلَيْهِ قَلِيلًا وَلَا كَثِيرًا وَلَا رُخْصَةَ لَهُمْ فِيهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ يَعْنِي: فَلَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ شِبَعَهُ ⦗٢٨٣⦘\n\n٦١٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ الدَّهَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦١٧٧ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْكَلْبِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْآيَةِ يُوَافِقُ ظَاهِرَهَا، وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ\n\n٦١٧٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ﴿غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٣] قَالَ: الْعَادِي: الَّذِي يَقْطَعُ الطَّرِيقَ فَلَا رُخْصَةَ لَهُ وَلَا كَرَامَةَ","vol":"4","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-330>تَطَوُّعُ الْمُسَافِرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":284},{"text":"٦١٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلِلْمُسَافِرِ أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا، قَصَرَ أَوْ لَمْ يَقْصُرْ\n\n٦١٨٠ - قَالَ: وَثَابِتٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَنَفَّلُ لَيْلًا وَهُوَ يَقْصُرُ\n\n٦١٨١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ، كَانَ يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ مُسَافِرًا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَقِيلَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ،\n\n٦١٨٢ - وَثَابِتٌ عَنْهُ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ تَنَفَّلَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ ثَمَانِ رَكَعَاتٍ ضَحَّى، وَقَدْ قَصَرَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ","vol":"4","page":284},{"text":"٦١٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ حُدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سَوَادٍ الشَّرَحِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «يُصَلِّي السُّبْحَةَ بِاللَّيْلِ فِي السَّفَرِ عَلَى ظَهْرِ رَاحِلَتِهِ حَيْثُ تَوَجَّهَتْ بِهِ» وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَوَادٍ، وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"4","page":284},{"text":"٦١٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُسْرَةَ الْغِفَارِيِّ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ:  «سَافَرْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشْرًا سَفَرًا، فَلَمْ أَرَهُ تَرَكَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ زَيْغِ الشَّمْسِ قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ،\n\n٦١٨٥ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ","vol":"4","page":285},{"text":"٦١٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ السَّمَّاكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْتَشِرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «كَانَ لَا يَدَعُ أَرْبَعًا قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ» وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"4","page":285},{"text":"٦١٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَحَدٌ أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُصَلِّي الضُّحَى إِلَّا أُمَّ هَانِئٍ فَإِنَّهَا \" ذَكَرَتْ أَنَّهُ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ اغْتَسَلَ فِي بَيْتِهَا وَصَلَّى ثَمَانِيَ رَكَعَاتٍ. قَالَتْ: لَمْ أَرَهُ صَلَّى صَلَاةً أَخَفَّ مِنْهَا غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ تَمَّ رُكُوعَهَا وَسُجُودَهَا \" ⦗٢٨٦⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"4","page":285},{"text":"٦١٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي طَاوُسٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَلَاةَ السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَسَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ، فَكَمَا الصَّلَاةُ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْحَضَرِ وَبَعْدَهَا حَسَنٌ، فَكَذَلِكَ الصَّلَاةُ فِي السَّفَرِ قَبْلَهَا وَبَعْدَهَا»","vol":"4","page":286},{"text":"٦١٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ ⦗٢٨٧⦘ عُمَرَ  «أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلِّي مَعَ الْفَرِيضَةِ فِي السَّفَرِ شَيْئًا قَبْلَهَا وَلَا بَعْدَهَا، إِلَّا مِنْ جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ»\n\n٦١٩٠ - أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا لِمَالِكٍ فِي خِلَافِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَإِنَّمَا خَالَفْنَاهُ بِمَا مَضَى مِنَ السُّنَّةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"4","page":286},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-331>الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي السَّفَرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":288},{"text":"٦١٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَّاجُ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ جَمِيعًا» ⦗٢٨٩⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ","vol":"4","page":288},{"text":"٦١٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: فَرَاحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَخَطَبَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ مَعًا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n٦١٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَقَدْ شَبَّهَ بَعْضُ الْفُقَهَاءِ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي السَّفَرِ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ، وَعَرَفَةَ، وَرَآهُ شَبِيهًا بِهِمَا\n\n٦١٩٤ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ. أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ النَّاسِ بِعَرَفَةَ؟","vol":"4","page":289},{"text":"٦١٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ \" هَلْ نَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ النَّاسِ بِعَرَفَةَ؟ \"","vol":"4","page":289},{"text":"٦١٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ عَامِرِ بْنِ وَائِلَةَ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُمْ \" خَرَجُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ تَبُوكَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ، وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ قَالَ: فَأَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ يَوْمًا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ دَخَلَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ جَمِيعًا \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"4","page":290},{"text":"٦١٩٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبِ الرَّمْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «كَانَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ إِذَا زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْتَحِلَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ، وَإِنِ ارْتَحَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزَيِغَ الشَّمْسُ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى يَنْزِلَ لِلْعَصْرِ، وَفِي الْمَغْرِبِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، إِنْ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْتَحِلَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ، وَإِنِ ارْتَحَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ أَخَّرَ الْمَغْرِبَ حَتَّى يَنْزِلَ لِلْعِشَاءٍ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا» ⦗٢٩١⦘\n\n٦١٩٨ - ورَوَاهُ قُتَيْبَةُ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى","vol":"4","page":290},{"text":"٦١٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «إِذَا ارْتَحَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ أَوَّلُ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ يَنْزِلُ فَيُصَلِّيهِمَا مَعًا»\n\n٦٢٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا سَافَرَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ أَوَّلُ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّيهِمَا\n\n٦٢٠١ - أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ بِمَعْنَى الْأَوَّلِ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ شَبَابَةَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي السَّفَرِ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا","vol":"4","page":291},{"text":"٦٢٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ شَبَابَةَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ بِهَا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَالْمُفَضَّلُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ⦗٢٩٢⦘، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،  «إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ أَوَّلُ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ»","vol":"4","page":291},{"text":"٦٢٠٣ - وَتَمَامُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ «إِذَا كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَزَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ، ثُمَّ ارْتَحَلَ»","vol":"4","page":292},{"text":"٦٢٠٤ - وَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَابْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ جَابِرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «إِذَا عَجَّلَ بِهِ السَّيْرُ يُؤَخِّرُ الظُّهْرَ إِلَى أَوَّلِ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ فَيَجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَيُؤَخِّرُ الْمَغْرِبَ حَتَّى يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْعِشَاءِ حَتَّى تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ»\n\n٦٢٠٥ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ\n\n٦٢٠٦ - فَتَمَامُ الْحَدِيثِ فِي مَجْمُوعِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ، وَفِيهَا تَأْكِيدٌ لِرِوَايَةِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَا رُوِيَ فِي مَعْنَاهَا","vol":"4","page":292},{"text":"٦٢٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ كَانَ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَهُوَ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فِي الزَّوَالِ، وَإِذَا ⦗٢٩٣⦘ سَافَرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْعَصْرِ فِي وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ» قَالَ: وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: فِي الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"4","page":292},{"text":"٦٢٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي السَّفَرِ، كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَهُوَ فِي الْمَنْزِلِ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فِي وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ، وَإِذَا ارْتَحَلَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَهُمَا وَقْتَ الْعَصْرِ»\n\n٦٢٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا يُوَافِقُ مَعْنَى الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَرْفَقُ بِهِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ تَقْدِيمُ الْعَصْرِ؛ لِأَنَّ مَا يَصِلُ لَهُ الدُّعَاءُ فَلَا يَقْطَعُهُ بِصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، وَأَرْفَقُ بِهِ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ أَنَّ مَا يَصِلُ لَهُ السَّيْرُ فَلَا يَقْطَعُهُ بِالنُّزُولِ لِلْمَغْرِبِ، لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّضْيِيقِ عَلَى النَّاسِ\n\n٦٢١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ الْأَكَابِرُ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ حُسَينِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عِكْرَمَةَ وَعَنْ كُرَيْبٍ كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَرَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا مَرْفُوعًا، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى مَا رَوَاهُ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"4","page":293},{"text":"٦٢١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗٢٩٤⦘، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ  «إِذَا عَجِلَ فِي السَّيْرِ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"4","page":293},{"text":"٦٢١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «إِذَا عَجِلَ بِهِ السَّيْرُ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ» وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٦٢١٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ إِذَا جَدَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَغِيبَ الشَّفَقُ وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا جَدَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَأَخَّرَ الْمَغْرِبَ بَعْدَ ذَهَابِ الشَّفَقِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ هَوَى مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ، وَقَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا جَدَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ أَوْ حَزَبَهُ أَمْرٌ\n\n٦٢١٤ - ورَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، فَذَكَرَ، أَنَّهُ سَارَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ رُبْعِ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى\n\n٦٢١٥ - ورَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: فَسَارَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بَعْدَ مَا غَابَ الشَّفَقُ بِسَاعَةٍ، نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا جَدَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَغِيبَ الشَّفَقُ بِسَاعَةٍ ⦗٢٩٥⦘\n\n٦٢١٦ - فَاتَّفَقَتْ رِوَايَةُ هَؤُلَاءِ عَلَى أَنَّ جَمْعَهُ بَيْنَهُمَا كَانَ بَعْدَ غَيْبُوبَةِ الشَّفَقِ","vol":"4","page":294},{"text":"٦٢١٧ - ورَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، أَنَّ مُؤَذِّنَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ؟ قَالَ: سِرْ. \" حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّفَقِ نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ انْتَظَرَ حَتَّى غَابَ الشَّفَقُ فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا عَجِلَ بِهِ أَمْرٌ صَنَعَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي صَنَعْتُ \"\n\n٦٢١٨ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَابِرٍ، وَعَطَّافُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ\n\n٦٢١٩ - فَهَؤُلَاءِ قَدْ خَلَفُوا الْأَئِمَّةَ الْحُفَّاظَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ نَافِعٍ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَلَا يُمْكِنُ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَنَتْرُكُ رِوَايَتَهُمْ وَنَأْخُذُ بِرِوَايَةِ الْحُفَّاظِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ نَافِعٍ\n\n٦٢٢٠ - كَيْفَ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَسْلَمُ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِثْلَ مَا رَوَاهُ الْحُفَّاظُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n٦٢٢١ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ رِوَايَةَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ","vol":"4","page":295},{"text":"٦٢٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُؤَيْبٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ إِلَى الْحَيِّ فَغَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَهِبْنَا أَنْ نَقُولَ لَهُ: انْزِلْ فَصَلِّ، \" فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ بَيَاضُ الْأُفُقِ وَفَحْمَةُ الْعِشَاءِ، نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ: هَكَذَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَلَ \"\n\n٦٢٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِسَالِمٍ: مَا أَشَدَّ مَا رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ أَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ؟ قَالَ: غَرَبَتْ لَهُ الشَّمْسُ بِذَاتِ الْحَبْسِ فَصَلَّاهَا بِالْعَقِيقِ ⦗٢٩٦⦘\n\n٦٢٢٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٦٢٢٥ - قَالَ: قُلْتُ أَيُّ سَاعَةٍ تِلْكَ؟ قَالَ: قَدْ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ أَوْ رُبُعُهُ","vol":"4","page":295},{"text":"٦٢٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: مَا أَشَدَّ مَا رَأَيْتُ أَبَاكَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ \" أَخَّرَ الْمَغْرِبَ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ قَالَ: غَرَبَتْ لَهُ الشَّمْسُ بِذَاتِ الْحَبْسِ فَصَلَّاهَا بِالْعَقِيقِ \"\n\n٦٢٢٧ - ورَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ قُلْنَا: كَمْ أَبْعَدُ مَا أَخَّرَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ الْمَغْرِبَ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ قَالَ: سَارَ حِينَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَمْيَالٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى مِنَ الْعَقِيقِ إِلَى ذَاتِ الْحَبْسِ، أَوْ مِنْ ذَاتِ الْحَبْسِ إِلَى الْعَقِيقِ","vol":"4","page":296},{"text":"٦٢٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَابَتْ لَهُ الشَّمْسُ بِمَكَّةَ، فَجَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِسَرِفَ\n\n٦٢٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْجُنَيْدِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَارِثِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ\n\n٦٢٣٠ - وَقَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: بَيْنَهُمَا عَشْرَةُ أَمْيَالٍ يَعْنِي: بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ، وَسَرِفَ ⦗٢٩٧⦘\n\n٦٢٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: إِذَا كَانَ الْجَمْعُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ وَاحِدٌ، فَمَا عِلَّةُ الْجَمْعِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَلِمَ نَقَلَ إِلَيْنَا الْفُقَهَاءُ الْجَمْعَ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ إِلَّا جَمْعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِعَرَفَةَ، وَبِمُزْدَلِفَةَ لَكَانَتْ فِيهِ كِفَايَةٌ","vol":"4","page":296},{"text":"٦٢٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى صَلَاةً قَطُّ إِلَّا لِوَقْتِهَا إِلَّا بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ: الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ، وَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَبْلَ وَقْتِهَا \"\n\n٦٢٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كَانَ صَلَّاهَا بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ لَمْ يَقُلْ قَبْلَ وَقْتِهَا، وَلَقَالَ فِي وَقْتِهَا الْأَوَّلِ\n\n٦٢٣٤ - قَالَ: وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ «يُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ بِجَمْعٍ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ مُتَسَحِّرًا اسْتَحَرَّ لَكَانَ ذَلِكَ»\n\n٦٢٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ يَخْتَلِفُ أَحَدٌ فِي أَنْ لَا يُصَلِّيَ أَحَدٌ الصُّبْحَ غَدَاةً جَمَعَ وَلَا فِي غَيْرِهَا إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ، وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ أَيْضًا فِي قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَجْمَعْ إِلَّا بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ، فَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ بِعَرَفَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ نَحْنُ نَقُولُ لِلسُّنَّةِ الَّتِي جَاءَتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٦٢٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِّينَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْطِنِ،\n\n٦٢٣٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَهُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ فِي الْجَمْعِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَأَخَذْنَا نَحْنُ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهِ، يُرِيدُ أَصْحَابَ مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٩٨⦘\n\n٦٢٣٨ - وَخَالَفَنَا فِيهِ غَيْرُنَا، فَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَجْمَعْ إِلَّا بِمُزْدَلِفَةَ\n\n٦٢٣٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ: أَنَّ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ إِلَّا مِنْ عُذْرٍ.\n\n٦٢٤٠ - فَكَانَتْ حُجَّتُنَا عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ وَإِنْ قَالَ: لَمْ يَفْعَلْ، فَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: فَعَلَ. فَقَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ: فَعَلَ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ شَاهِدٌ، وَالَّذِي قَالَ: لَمْ يَفْعَلْ غَيْرُ شَاهِدٍ وَلَيْسَ فِي قَوْلِ وَاحِدٍ خَالَفَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ.\n\n٦٢٤١ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا، وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ احْتِجَاجَ مَنِ احْتَجَّ بِمَا كَتَبَ عُمَرُ، وَأَجَابَ عَنْهُ بِأَنْ قَالَ: لَا نَعْرِفُهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ السَّفَرُ عُذْرًا وَعُمَرُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي غَزَاةِ تَبُوكَ وَهُوَ يَجْمَعُ، وَعُمَرُ أَعْلَمُ بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَقُولَ هَذَا، إِلَّا عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى\n\n٦٢٤٢ - وَقَالَ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَنَّ الْعُذْرَ يَكُونُ بِالسَّفَرِ وَالْمَطَرِ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا ثَابِتٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٦٢٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عُمَرَ، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْعَدَوِيُّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَامِلٍ لَهُ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ الْكِتَابَةَ، فَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ثُمَّ السَّفَرُ عُذْرٌ وَكَذَلِكَ الْمَطَرُ\n\n٦٢٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَيْنَا الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي السَّفَرِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْهُمْ دُونَ أَنَسٍ، وَحَكَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَعَنْ طَاوُسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ","vol":"4","page":297},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-332>الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ بِعُذْرِ الْمَطَرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":299},{"text":"٦٢٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ جَمِيعًا فِي غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ وَلَا سَفَرٍ» قَالَ مَالِكٌ: أَرَى ذَلِكَ فِي مَطَرٍ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗٣٠٠⦘\n\n٦٢٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَمَّ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَلَا مَطَرَ وَقَالَ: مَا بَيْنَ هَذَا وَقْتٌ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ يَعْمِدُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي حَضَرٍ وَلَا مَطَرَ إِلَّا فِي هَذَا الْوَقْتِ، وَلَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا مُنْفَرِدَةً كَمَا صَلَّى جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٦٢٤٧ - وَصَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدُ مُقِيمًا فِي عُمْرِهِ\n\n٦٢٤٨ - وَلَمَّا جَمَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ آمَنَّا مُقِيمًا لَمْ يَحْتَمِلْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مُخَالِفًا لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، أَوْ يَكُونُ الْحَالُ الَّتِي جَمَعَ فِيهَا حَالًا غَيْرَ الْحَالِ الَّتِي قَرَنَ فِيهَا، فَلَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُقَالَ: جَمْعُهُ فِي الْحَضَرِ مُخَالِفٌ لِإِفْرَادِهِ فِي الْحَضَرِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ: أَنَّهُ يُوجَدُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا وَجْهٌ، وَأَنَّ الَّذِي رَوَاهُمَا مَعًا وَاحِدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، فَعَلِمْنَا أَنَّ الْجُمُعَةَ فِي الْحَضَرِ عِلَّةٌ فَرَّقَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ إِفْرَادِهِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ إِلَّا الْمَطَرُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ خَوْفٌ وَوَجَدْنَا فِي الْمَطَرِ عِلَّةَ الْمَشَقَّةِ الْعَامَّةِ فَقُلْنَا: إِذَا كَانَتِ الْعِلَّةُ مِنْ مَطَرٍ فِي حَضَرٍ جُمِعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ\n\n٦٢٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ «إِذَا جَمَعَ الْأُمَرَاءُ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ فِي الْمَطَرِ جَمَعَ مَعَهُمْ»\n\n٦٢٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الْعُمَرِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَبْلَ الشَّفَقِ\n\n٦٢٥١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْمَطَرِ قَبْلَ الشَّفَقِ ⦗٣٠١⦘\n\n٦٢٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ جَمَعَ مَعَ الْأُمَرَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغِيبَ الشَّفَقُ\n\n٦٢٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ زَعَمَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ، فَجَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي مَطَرٍ وَالْخُلَفَاءُ هَلُمَّ جَرَّا إِلَى الْيَوْمِ.\n\n٦٢٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْهُمْ، وَعَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ","vol":"4","page":299},{"text":"٦٢٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثَمَانِيًا جَمِيعًا وَسَبْعًا جَمِيعًا مِنْ غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ. قُلْتُ: لِمَ فَعَلَ؟ قَالَ: أَرَادَ أَنْ لَا يُحْرِجَ أُمَّتَهُ \"","vol":"4","page":301},{"text":"٦٢٥٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: \" صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ثَمَانِيًا جَمِيعًا وَسَبْعًا جَمِيعًا. قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ: أَظُنُّهُ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ وَعَجَّلَ الْعَصْرَ، وَأَخَّرَ الْمَغْرِبَ وَعَجَّلَ الْعِشَاءَ. قَالَ: وَأَنَا أَظُنُّ ذَلِكَ \"\n\n٦٢٥٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَا ظَنَّ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَوَافَقَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو الشَّعْثَاءِ\n\n٦٢٥٨ - وَحَمَلَهُ مَالِكٌ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا لِأَجَلِ الْمَطَرِ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ ⦗٣٠٢⦘. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: فَقَالَ أَيُّوبُ: لَعَلَّهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مَطِيرَةٍ. قَالَ: عَسَى.\n\n٦٢٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ: «فِي غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ وَلَا مَطَرٍ»\n\n٦٢٦٠ - وَرِوَايَةُ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ أَوْلَى لِمُوَافَقَتِهَا رِوَايَةَ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٦٢٦١ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَرَادَ أَنْ لَا يُحْرِجَ أُمَّتَهُ». فَقَدْ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا لِأَجَلِ الْمَطَرِ حَتَّى لَا يُحْرِجَ أُمَّتَهُ بِالْعُودِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، وَالْمَشْيِ فِي الطِّينِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٦٢٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ أَبَاحَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ بِعُذْرِ الْمَطَرِ فِي وَقْتِ الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا دُونَ الْأُخْرَى، وَكَانَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْإِمْلَاءِ يُبِيحُهُ فِي وَقْتِ إِحْدَاهُمَا، كَيْفَ كَانَ أَخَفَّ عَلَيْهِمْ قِيَاسًا عَلَى السَّفَرِ، وَأَبَاحَ فِي السَّفَرِ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي وَقْتِ إِحْدَاهُمَا، وَاسْتَحَبَّ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا فَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ\n\n٦٢٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي وَقْتِ الْآخِرَةِ، كَانَ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَعْدَ الْأُولَى وَيَنْصَرِفُ، وَيَصْنَعُ مَا بَدَا لَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَرْوِي فِي بَعْضِ الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِجَمْعٍ صَلَّى مَعَهُ الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ أَنَاخَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَبَاعِرَهُمْ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ، ثُمَّ صَلَّوَا الْعِشَاءَ وَمَنَازِلُهُمْ فِيمَا نَرَى حَيْثُ صَلَّوْا، وَإِنَّمَا صَلَّوا الْعِشَاءَ فِي وَقْتِهَا، وَإِذَا صُلِّيَتَا فِي وَقْتِ الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا وَإِلَى بَيْنِهِمَا","vol":"4","page":301},{"text":"٦٢٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَشْرِيُّ، ح. وَ⦗٣٠٣⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: \" دَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالشِّعْبِ نَزَلَ فَبَالَ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ فَلَمْ يُسْبِغِ الْوضُوءَ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: الصَّلَاةُ. فَقَالَ: «الصَّلَاةُ أَمَامَكَ». فَرَكِبَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةَ نَزَلَ فَتَوَضَّأَ فَأَسْبَغَ الْوضُوءَ، ثُمَّ أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ أَنَاخَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ بَعِيرَهُ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ، ثُمَّ أُقِيمَتِ الْعِشَاءُ فَصَلَّاهَا وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":302},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-333>٤ - كِتَابُ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":307},{"text":"٦٢٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩] الْآيَةَ. وَقَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ﴾ [البروج: ٣] \"","vol":"4","page":307},{"text":"٦٢٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" شَاهِدٌ: يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَشْهُودٍ: يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ \"\n\n٦٢٦٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٦٢٦٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٦٢٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمَّارٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَوْقُوفًا وَمَرْفُوعًا، وَمَنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا وَالْمَوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ\n\n٦٢٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَدَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ مِنْ فَرْضِ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ ﷿","vol":"4","page":308},{"text":"٦٢٧١ - وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" نَحْنُ الْآخِرُونَ وَنَحْنُ السَّابِقُونَ، بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمْ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا وَأُوتِينَاهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ، فَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي ⦗٣٠٩⦘ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ فَهَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهُ. فَالنَّاسُ لَنَا فِيهِ تَبَعٌ: الْيَهُودُ غَدًا، وَالنَّصَارَى بَعْدَ غَدٍ \"\n\n٦٢٧٢ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «بَيْدَ أَنَّ».\n\n٦٢٧٣ - هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «ثُمَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا، فَهَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهُ»\n\n٦٢٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَهُ. وَقَالَ: «نَحْنُ السَّابِقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بَيْدَ أَنَّ كُلَّ أُمَّةٍ أُوتِيَتْ» ⦗٣١٠⦘\n\n٦٢٧٥ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ عَقِبَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِالْإِسْنَادَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَأَحَالَ مَتْنَهُ عَلَى الْأَوَّلِ وَأَهْمَلَ رُوَاةَ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ","vol":"4","page":308},{"text":"٦٢٧٦ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ بَحْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَابْنُ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ فِيهِ:  «ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ فَهَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهُ». وَقَالَ بَعْدَهُمَا: «بِأَيْدٍ» وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: «بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمْ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا»\n\n٦٢٧٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سُفْيَانُ كَانَ لَا يُثْبِتُ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةَ، فَتَرَكَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فَلَمْ يَرْوِهَا فِي حَدِيثِهِ،\n\n٦٢٧٨ - وَكَلِمَةُ «عَلَيْهِمْ» فِي ذَلِكَ أَصَحُّ\n\n٦٢٧٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، ومَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وشُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ\n\n٦٢٨٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"4","page":310},{"text":"٦٢٨١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «نَحْنُ الْآخِرُونَ السَّابِقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِيدَ أَنَّهُمْ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا وَأُوتِينَاهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ، ثُمَّ هَذَا يَوْمُهُمُ الَّذِي فُرِضَ عَلَيْهِمْ يَعْنِي الْجُمُعَةَ فَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ، فَهَدَانَا فَهَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهُ. فَالنَّاسُ لَنَا فِيهِ تَبَعٌ السَّبْتُ وَالْأَحَدُ»\n\n٦٢٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَالتَّنْزِيلُ، ثُمَّ السُّنَّةُ تَدُلَّانِ عَلَى إِيجَابِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَعُلِمَ أَنَّ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ: الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ الْخَمِيسِ وَالسَّبْتِ، مِنَ الْعِلْمِ ⦗٣١١⦘ الَّذِي يَعْلَمُهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ عَنِ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَجَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. كَمَا نَقَلُوا الظُّهْرَ أَرْبَعًا. وَالْمَغْرِبُ ثَلَاثًا. وَكَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تُسَمِّيهِ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ «عَرُوبَةً». قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ:\n[البحر البسيط]\n\nنَفْسِي الْفِدَاءُ لِأَقْوَامٍ هُمُو خَلَطُوا ... يَوْمَ الْعَرُوبَةِ أَوْرَادًا بِأَوْرَادِ\n\n٦٢٨٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «بِيدَ أَنَّهُمْ». قَالَ: مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمْ","vol":"4","page":310},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-334>وُجُوبُ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمِصْرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":312},{"text":"٦٢٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَطْمِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «تَجِبُ الْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً أَوْ صَبِيًّا أَوْ مَمْلُوكًا»\n\n٦٢٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مُرْسَلًا فَلَهُ شَوَاهِدُ يَقْوَى بِهَا\n\n٦٢٨٦ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ورَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"4","page":312},{"text":"٦٢٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، عَنْ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «رَوَاحُ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى كُلِّ مُحْتَلِمٍ، وَعَلَى مَنْ رَاحَ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ غُسْلٌ»","vol":"4","page":312},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-335>وُجُوبُ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ خَارِجَ الْمِصْرِ بِسَمَاعِ النِّدَاءِ</span>\n٦٢٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩]","vol":"4","page":313},{"text":"٦٢٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تَجِبُ الْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ»\n\n٦٢٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا تَجِبُ الْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ، فَمَنْ سَمِعَهُ فَلَمْ يَأْتِهِ فَقَدْ عَصَى رَبَّهُ»\n\n٦٢٩١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ»","vol":"4","page":314},{"text":"٦٢٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَقَدْ كَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَكُونَانِ بِالشَّجَرَةِ عَلَى أَقَلَّ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَمْيَالٍ، فَيَشْهَدَانِ الْجُمُعَةَ وَيَدَعَانِهَا\n\n٦٢٩٣ - وَكَانَ يُرْوَى أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا كَانَ يَكُونُ بِالْعَقِيقِ فَيَتْرُكُ الْجُمُعَةَ وَيَشْهَدَهَا» وَكَانَ يُرْوَى أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ كَانَ عَلَى مِيلَيْنِ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ فَيَشْهَدُ الْجُمُعَةَ وَيَدَعُهَا\n\n٦٢٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَبْلُغُهُمُ النِّدَاءُ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ\n\n٦٢٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمِصْرِ فَكَانَ يُؤْوِيهِ اللَّيْلُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ إِذَا انْصَرَفَ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْجُمُعَةِ. أَحْبَبْتُ لَهُ شُهُودَهَا ⦗٣١٥⦘\n\n٦٢٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: \" قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا الْغُسْلُ عَلَى مَنْ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْجُمُعَةُ، وَالْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى مَنْ يَأْتِي أَهْلَهُ \"\n\n٦٢٩٧ - وَبِهِ قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ،\n\n٦٢٩٨ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ،\n\n٦٢٩٩ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مَرْفُوعٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ ضَعِيف\n\n٦٣٠٠ - ٌ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ بِحُضُورِ الْجُمُعَةِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ","vol":"4","page":314},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-336>الْعَدَدُ الَّذِينَ إِذَا كَانُوا فِي قَرْيَةٍ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجُمُعَةُ</span>","vol":"4","page":316},{"text":"٦٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ:  «وَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ وَاجِبَةً وَاحْتَمَلَتْ أَنْ تَكُونَ تَجِبُ عَلَى كُلِّ مُصَلٍّ بِلَا وَقْتٍ عَدَدَ مُصَلِّينَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُصَلِّي مِنْ مَنْزِلِ مُقَامٍ وَظَعَنَ، فَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ خِلَافًا فِي أَنْ لَا جُمُعَةَ إِلَّا فِي دَارِ مُقَامٍ، وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْ أَنَّ الْجُمُعَةَ تَجِبُ عَلَى أَقَلَّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا» ⦗٣١٧⦘.\n\n٦٣٠٢ - وَقَدْ قَالَ غَيْرُنَا: لَا تَجِبُ إِلَّا عَلَى أَهْلِ جَامِعٍ.\n\n٦٣٠٣ - وَسَمِعْتُ عَدَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا يَقُولُونَ: تَجِبُ الْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ دَارِ مُقَامٍ إِذَا كَانُوا أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا، وَكَانُوا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ فَقُلْنَا بِهِ\n\n٦٣٠٤ - وَكَانَ أَقَلَّ مَا عَلِمْنَاهُ قِيلَ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يَجُزْ عِنْدِي أَنْ أَدَعَ الْقَوْلَ بِهِ، وَلَيْسَ خَبَرٌ لَازِمٌ يُخَالِفُهُ\n\n٦٣٠٥ - وَقَدْ يُرْوَى مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلَ الْحَدِيثِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَمَعَ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ بِأَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا»\n\n٦٣٠٦ - وَرَوَى، \" أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ قُرَى عُرَيْنَةَ: «أَنْ يُصَلُّوا الْجُمُعَةَ وَالْعِيدَيْنِ»\n\n٦٣٠٧ - وَرُوِيَ، «أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ عَمْرَو بْنَ حَزْمٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الْعِيدَيْنِ بِأَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ»\n\n٦٣٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنْ عَجَّلَ الْأَضْحَى، وَأَخَّرَ الْفِطْرَ، وَذَكَّرَ النَّاسَ \"","vol":"4","page":316},{"text":"٦٣٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيِّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ومُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ لَفْظُهُ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَمْرَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «إِنَّ أَوَّلَ جُمُعَةٍ جُمِعَتْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ بَعْدَ جُمُعَةٍ جُمِعَتْ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ جُمُعَةٌ جُمِعَتْ بِجُوَاثَا قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ» قَالَ عُثْمَانُ: قَرْيَةٌ مِنْ قُرَى عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ ⦗٣١٨⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ طَهْمَانَ\n\n٦٣١٠ - وَكَانُوا لَا يَسْتَبِدُّونَ بِأُمُورِ الشَّرْعِ لِجَمِيلِ نِيَّاتِهِمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، فَالْأَشْبَهُ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُقِيمُوهَا فِي هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"4","page":317},{"text":"٦٣١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السَّمَّاكُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ قَائِدَ أَبِي حِينَ ذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ، فَإِذَا خَرَجْتُ بِهِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ فَسَمِعَ الْأَذَانَ، صَلَّى عَلَى أَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ. أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: فَمَكَثَ كَثِيرًا لَا يَسْمَعُ أَذَانَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَّا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَقُلْتُ: \" يَا أَبَهْ أَرَأَيْتَ اسْتِغْفَارَكَ لِأَبِي أُمَامَةَ كُلَّمَا سَمِعْتَ الْأَذَانَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ جَمَعَ بِنَا فِي هَزْمِ النَّبِيتِ مِنْ حَرَّةِ بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ فِي نَقِيعٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْخَضَمَاتُ. قُلْتُ: كَمْ كُنْتُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ؟ قَالَ: أَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا \" ⦗٣١٩⦘\n\n٦٣١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ كَانَ أَسْعَدُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَمَعَ بِنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَبْلَ مُقَدَّمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي هَزْمِ النَّبِيتِ مِنْ حَرَّةِ بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ فِي نَقِيعٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْخَضَمَاتُ\n\n٦٣١٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعُطَارِدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٣١٤ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀: الصَّوَابُ نَقِيعٌ بِالنُّونِ\n\n٦٣١٥ - قُلْتُ: هَذَا لَا يُخَالِفُ مَا رُوِيَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، «أَنَّ مُصْعَبَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ جَمَعَ بِهِمْ وَهُمُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا»، فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ أَنَّهُ أَقَامَ الْجُمُعَةَ بِمَعُونَةِ النَّفْرِ الَّذِي بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي صُحْبَتِهِمْ، أَوْ عَلَى أَثَرِهِمْ وَهُمُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ الَّذِينَ بَايَعُوهُ فِي الْعَقَبَةِ الْأُولَى مِنْهُمْ: أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ كَتَبَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يُقْرِئُهُمُ الْقُرْآنَ، وَيُفَقِّهُهُمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيَؤُمُّهُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ فَبَعَثَهُ\n\n٦٣١٦ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَكَانَ مُصْعَبٌ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَمَعَ الْجُمُعَةَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٢٠⦘\n\n٦٣١٧ - فَالزُّهْرِيُّ أَضَافَ الْجَمْعَ إِلَى مُصْعَبٍ لِكَوْنِهِ إِمَامًا فِي الْجُمُعَةِ، وَكَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَضَافَهُ إِلَى أَسْعَدَ لِنُزُولِ مُصْعَبٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَوَّلًا فِي دَارِهِ وَنُصْرَةِ أَسْعَدَ إِيَّاهُ، وَخُرُوجِهِ إِلَى دَارِ الْأَنْصَارِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ\n\n٦٣١٨ - وَذَكَرَ الزُّهْرِيُّ أَنَّهُ جَمَعَ بِهِمْ وَهُمُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ عَدَدَ النُّقَبَاءِ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانُوا لَهُ ظَهْرًا، وَذَكَرَ كَعْبٌ أَنَّهُ جَمَعَ بِهِمْ، وَهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ جَمِيعَ مَنْ صَلَّى مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ مَعَ النُّقَبَاءِ\n\n٦٣١٩ - هَذَا وَقَوْلُ كَعْبٍ مُتَّصِلٌ، وَقَوْلُ الزُّهْرِيِّ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَبَيَانُ الْجُمُعَةِ مَأْخُوذٌ مِنْ أَفْعَالِهِمْ، فَيَجُوزُ حَيْثُ أَقَامُوهَا وَبِعَدَدِ مَنْ أَقَامُوا بِهِمْ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ\n\n٦٣٢٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، ومُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حِينَ رَكِبَ مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فِي هِجْرَتِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مَرَّ عَلَى بَنِي سَالِمٍ، وَبَنِي قُرَّةَ بَيْنَ قُبَاءَ، وَالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَدْرَكَتْهُ الْجُمُعَةُ فَصَلَّى فِيهِمُ الْجُمُعَةَ، وَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ جُمُعَةٍ صَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ قَدِمَ»\n\n٦٣٢١ - وَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِيهَا ذِكْرَ عَدَدِ مَنْ صَلَّاهَا بِهِمْ، وَهِيَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الَّتِي أَرْسَلَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَإِنْ صَحَّتْ وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":318},{"text":"٦٣٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ:  «كُلُّ قَرْيَةٍ فِيهَا أَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا فَعَلَيْهِمُ الْجُمُعَةُ»","vol":"4","page":321},{"text":"٦٣٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ «كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمِيَاهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الشَّامِ، وَمَكَّةَ جَمَعُوا إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا»\n\n٦٣٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ:: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ الرَّقِّيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَتَانَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، إِذَا بَلَغَ أَهْلُ الْقَرْيَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا فَلْيُجَمِّعُوا ⦗٣٢٢⦘\n\n٦٣٢٥ - وَعَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِلَى عَدِيِّ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الْكِنْدِيِّ: انْظُرْ كُلَّ قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَ قَرَارٍ، لَيْسُوا هُمْ بِأَهْلِ عَمُودٍ يَتَنَقَّلُونَ فَأَمِّرْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَمِيرًا، ثُمَّ مُرْهُ فَلْيُجَمِّعْ بِهِمْ\n\n٦٣٢٦ - وَحَكَى اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ أَهْلِ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ، وَمَدَائِنَ مِصْرَ، وَمَدَائِنَ سَوَاحِلِهَا، كَانُوا يُجَمِّعُونَ الْجُمُعَةَ عَلَى عَهْدِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ بِأَمْرِهِمَا، وَفِيهَا رِجَالٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ\n\n٦٣٢٧ - وَكَانَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ يَرْوِي عَنْ شَيْبَانَ، عَنْ مَوْلًى لِآلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْقُرَى الَّتِي بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ، وَالْمَدِينَةِ مَا تَرَى فِي الْجُمُعَةِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. إِذَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَمِيرٌ فَلْيُجَمِّعْ\n\n٦٣٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: لَا تَجُوزُ الْجُمُعَةُ إِلَّا فِي مِصْرٍ جَامِعٍ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا ضَعِيفًا\n\n٦٣٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا يُرْوَى هَذَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁، فَأَمَّا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُرْوَى عَنْهُ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ","vol":"4","page":321},{"text":"٦٣٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَحْمَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ الْأَيَامِيِّ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ:  «لَا تَشْرِيقَ وَلَا جُمُعَةَ إِلَّا فِي مِصْرٍ جَامِعٍ» ⦗٣٢٣⦘.\n\n٦٣٣١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ مَوْقُوفًا.\n\n٦٣٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَدْرِي مَا حَدُّ الْمِصْرِ الْجَامِعِ عِنْدَهُ؟ أَهِيَ الْقُرَى الْعِظَامُ؟ أَوِ الْقُرَى الَّتِي لَا تُفَارِقُ كَمَا قُلْنَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ مِصْرٌ لَا بَدْوٌ يَنْتَقِلُ أَهْلُهُ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلْ هِيَ الْقُرَى الْعِظَامُ. قِيلَ: فَقَدْ جَمَّعَ النَّاسُ فِي الْقُرَى الَّتِي بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ، وَالْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى عَهْدِ السَّلَفِ، وَبِالرَّبْذَةِ عَلَى عَهْدِ عُثْمَانَ، وَإِنَّمَا رَأَيْنَا الْجُمُعَةَ وَضَعَتْ عَنِ الْمُسَافِرِ وَأَهْلِ الْبَدْوِ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الْقُرَى فَلَمْ تُوضَعْ عَنْهُمْ\n\n٦٣٣٣ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرُوا عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى الْجُمُعَةَ إِلَّا فِي الْأَمْصَارِ الَّتِي مَصَّرَهَا عُمَرُ، وَكَانَ لَا يَرَى بِمَكَّةَ جُمُعَةً وَالَّذِي يُخَالِفُنَا لَا يَقُولُ بِهَذَا\n\n٦٣٣٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ \" كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ ﵁ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَهُوَ بِالْبَحْرَيْنِ؟ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ: أَنْ أَجْمِعُوا حَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ \"\n\n٦٣٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا حَدِيثًا يَعْنِي ثَابِتًا وَلَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ هُوَ فَمَعْنَاهُ فِي أَيِّ قَرْيَةٍ كُنْتُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ مُقَامَهُمْ فِي الْبَحْرَيْنِ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ فِي الْقُرَى\n\n٦٣٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْأَثَرُ إِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنٌ، وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ خَشْرَمٍ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ\n\n٦٣٣٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ فِيَ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ فَمَا فَوْقُ ذَلِكَ جُمُعَةٌ وَفِطْرٌ وَأَضْحَى \"\n\n٦٣٣٨ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهِ.\n\n٦٣٣٩ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدَّوْسِيَّةِ مَرْفُوعًا الْجُمُعَةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ قَرْيَةٍ فِيهَا إِمَامٌ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةً\n\n٦٣٤٠ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَصِحُّ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُمَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"4","page":322},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-337>الْإِمَامُ يَمُرُّ بِمَوْضِعٍ لَا تُقَامُ فِيهِ الْجُمُعَةُ مُسَافِرًا</span>\n٦٣٤١ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا، «عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ رَاحَ إِلَى الْمَوْقِفِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ جُمُعَةٍ»","vol":"4","page":324},{"text":"٦٣٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ وَالِيًا لِلْحَجِّ  «جَهَرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ فَسَبَّحَ بِهِ سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَسَكَتَ»\n\n٦٣٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ كَانَتْ مِنًى يَنْزِلُهَا الْحُجَّاجُ، مَا عَلِمْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَا أَحَدًا مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ صَلَّى بِهَا جُمُعَةً قَطُّ وَعَرَفَةُ هَكَذَا","vol":"4","page":324},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-338>الزِّحَامُ</span>","vol":"4","page":325},{"text":"٦٣٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَأْمُومِينَ أَنْ يَرْكَعُوا إِذَا رَكَعَ الْإِمَامُ، وَيَتَّبِعُوهُ فِي عَمَلِ الصَّلَاةِ» فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَأْمُومِ تَرْكِ اتِّبَاعِ الْإِمَامِ فِي عَمَلِ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٦٣٤٥ - وَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ بِعُسْفَانَ، فَرَكَعَ وَرَكَعُوا، وَسَجَدَ فَسَجَدَتْ طَائِفَةٌ وَحَرَسَتْهُ أُخْرَى، حَتَّى قَامَ مِنْ سُجُودِهِ، ثُمَّ تَبِعَتْهُ بِالسُّجُودِ مَكَانَهَا حِينَ قَامَ \"\n\n٦٣٤٦ - قَالَ: فَكَانَ بَيِّنًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي سُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّ عَلَى الْمَأْمُومِ اتِّبَاعَ الْإِمَامِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَأْمُومِ عُذْرٌ يِمَنْعُهُ اتِّبَاعَهُ، وَأَنَّ لَهُ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ عُذْرٌ أَنْ يَتْبَعَهُ فِي وَقْتِ ذَهَابِ الْعُذْرِ،\n\n٦٣٤٧ - فَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا فِي الْجُمُعَةِ رَكَعَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، ثُمَّ زَحَمَ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى السُّجُودِ بِحَالٍ حَتَّى قَضَى الْإِمَامُ سُجُودَهُ، تَبَعَ الْإِمَامَ إِذَا قَامَ الْإِمَامُ فَأَمْكَنَهُ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ فَسَجَدَ.\n\n٦٣٤٨ - وَهَكَذَا لَوْ حَبَسَهُ حَابِسٌ مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ سَهْو، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ السُّجُودُ حَتَّى يَرْكَعَ الْإِمَامُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ ⦗٣٢٦⦘ لِلرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى؛ لِأَنَّ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا سَجَدُوا لِلرَّكْعَةِ الَّتِي وَقَفُوا عَنِ السُّجُودِ لَهَا بِالْعُذْرِ بِالْحِرَاسَةِ قَبْلَ الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، وَيَتْبَعُ الْإِمَامُ فَيَرْكَعُ مَعَهُ وَيَسْجُدُ وَيَكُونُ مُدْرِكًا مَعَهُ الرَّكْعَةَ، وَيُسْقِطُ عَنْهُ وَاحِدَةً وَيُضِيفُ إِلَيْهَا أُخْرَى\n\n٦٣٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ: «إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ، فَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا» قَدْ مَضَى، وَحَدِيثُ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ بِعُسْفَانَ يَرِدُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ\n\n٦٣٥٠ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ وَالرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي أَنْ يَتْبَعَهُ فِي عَمَلِ رَكْعَةٍ وَلَا يَتْبَعُهُ فِي عَمَلِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنِّي قَدْ بَدَّنْتُ فَمَهْمَا أَسْبِقْكُمْ بِهِ فِي الرُّكُوعِ تُدْرِكُونِي فِي السُّجُودِ»\n\n٦٣٥١ - فَإِنَّمَا أَبَاحَ لِلْمَأْمُومِ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِخِلَافِ الْإِمَامِ فِي رَكْعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَا فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ\n\n٦٣٥٢ - وَأَظُنُّ هَذَا الِاحْتِجَاجِ مِنْ قِبَلِهِمَا","vol":"4","page":325},{"text":"٦٣٥٣ - وَلَفْظُ الْحَدِيثِ كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُبَادِرُونِي بِرُكُوعٍ وَلَا بِسُجُودٍ، فَإِنَّهُ مَهْمَا أَسْبِقْكُمْ بِهِ إِذَا رَكَعْتُ تُدْرِكُونِي بِهِ إِذَا رَفَعْتُ؛ إِنِّي قَدْ بَدَّنْتُ» ⦗٣٢٧⦘\n\n٦٣٥٤ - ورَوَاهُ لَيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «وَمَهْمَا أَسْبِقْكُمْ بِهِ حِينَ أَسْجُدُ تُدْرِكُونِي حِينَ أَرْفَعُ»\n\n٦٣٥٥ - وَهَذَا بَيِّنٌ فِي الْمَقْصُودِ،\n\n٦٣٥٦ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ وَالرَّبِيعِ: وَإِنْ أَمْكَنَهُ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ رَجُلٍ سَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"4","page":326},{"text":"٦٣٥٧ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ مِثْلُ هَذَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَلَّامٌ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ سَيَّارِ بْنِ الْمَعْرُورِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يَقُولُ:  «إِذَا اشْتَدَّ الزِّحَامُ فَلْيَسْجُدِ الرَّجُلُ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى ظَهْرِ أَخِيهِ»","vol":"4","page":327},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-339>مَنْ لَا جُمُعَةَ عَلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"4","page":328},{"text":"٦٣٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَبْصَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَجُلًا عَلَيْهِ هَيْئَةُ ⦗٣٢٩⦘ السَّفَرِ فَسَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: لَوْلَا أَنَّ الْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ لَخَرَجْتُ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ:  «اخْرُجْ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجُمُعَةَ لَا تَحْبِسُ عَنْ سَفَرٍ»\n\n٦٣٥٩ - وَرَوَى ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ لِسَفَرٍ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٦٣٦٠ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وعَمْرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وحَسَّانَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، أَنَّهُ لَا يُنْشِئُهُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَهَا\n\n٦٣٦١ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.\n\n٦٣٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَيْسَ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْبَالِغِينَ وَلَا عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْعَبِيدِ جُمُعَةٌ\n\n٦٣٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَجِبُ الْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا امْرَأَةٍ أَوْ صَبِيٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ»","vol":"4","page":328},{"text":"٦٣٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعِجْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُرَيْمُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْتَشِرِ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ ⦗٣٣٠⦘، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" الْجُمُعَةُ حَقٌّ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةً: عَبْدٌ مَمْلُوكٌ، أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ، أَوْ صَبِيُّ، أَوْ مَرِيضٌ \"\n\n٦٣٦٥ - أَسْنَدَهُ عُبَيْدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَرْسَلَهُ غَيْرُهُ\n\n٦٣٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ دُونَ ذِكْرِ أَبِي مُوسَى فِيهِ.\n\n٦٣٦٧ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: طَارِقُ بْنُ شِهَابٍ قَدْ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ\n\n٦٣٦٨ - وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ عَنْهُ شَيْئًا قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ مُرْسَلٌ، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ، وَلَهُ شَوَاهِدُ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ وَفِي بَعْضِهَا الْمَرِيضُ، وَفِي بَعْضِهَا الْمُسَافِرُ\n\n٦٣٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَعِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ لَا جُمُعَةَ عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ الَّذِي لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شُهُودِ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَزِيدَ فِي مَرَضِهِ، أَوْ يَبْلُغَ بِهِ مَشَقَّةٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَمَلَةٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَنْ كَانْ فِي مَعْنَاهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَعْذَارِ","vol":"4","page":329},{"text":"٦٣٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ  «دُعِيَ وَهُوَ يَسْتَحِمُّ لِلْجُمُعَةِ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ وَهُوَ يَمُوتُ، فَأَتَاهُ وَتَرَكَ الْجُمُعَةَ» ⦗٣٣١⦘\n\n٦٣٧١ - وَرُوِّينَا، \" عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ مُؤَذِّنَهُ فِي يَوْمٍ مَطِيرٍ أَنْ يُنَادِيَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي الرِّحَالِ، وَقَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلَهُ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي وَأَنَّ الْجُمُعَةَ عَزْمَةٌ، وَإِنِّي كَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُحْرِجَكُمْ تَمْشُونَ فِي الطِّينِ وَالْمَطَرِ \"","vol":"4","page":330},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-340>بَابُ الْغُسْلِ لِلْجُمُعَةِ وَالْخُطْبَةِ وَمَا يَجِبُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":332},{"text":"٦٣٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْكُمُ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ»\n\n٦٣٧٣ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا سَائِرَ أَحَادِيثِهِ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ","vol":"4","page":332},{"text":"٦٣٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأُسْفَاطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَبِهَا وَنِعْمَتْ، وَمَنِ اغْتَسَلَ فَالْغُسْلُ أَفْضَلُ»","vol":"4","page":332},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-341>وَقْتُ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":333},{"text":"٦٣٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «يُصَلِّي بِنَا الْجُمُعَةَ حِينَ تَمِيلُ الشَّمْسُ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، عَنْ فُلَيْحٍ ⦗٣٣٤⦘. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ","vol":"4","page":333},{"text":"٦٣٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «كَانَ يُصَلِّي الْجُمُعَةَ إِذَا فَاءَ الْفَيْءُ قَدْرَ ذِرَاعٍ أَوْ نَحْوِهِ»","vol":"4","page":334},{"text":"٦٣٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكٍ قَالَ: قَدِمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ عَلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ الْجُمُعَةَ وَالْفَيْءُ فِي الْحَجَرِ، فَقَالَ:  «لَا تُصَلُّوا حَتَّى تَفِيءَ الْكَعْبَةُ مِنْ وَجْهِهَا»\n\n٦٣٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَوَجْهُهَا الْبَابُ يَعْنِي مُعَاذٌ حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ وَلَا خِلَافَ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ لَقِيتُهُ أَنْ لَا تُصَلَّى الْجُمُعَةُ، حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ\n\n٦٣٧٩ - قَالَ: وَوَقْتُهَا مَا بَيْنَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ إِلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرَ وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ","vol":"4","page":334},{"text":"٦٣٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي اخْتِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ عَلِيًّا» يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ \"\n\n٦٣٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ نَقُولُ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ: لَا يَخْطُبُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَنْ غَيْرِهِ","vol":"4","page":335},{"text":"٦٣٨٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: \" صَلَّى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الْجُمُعَةَ ضُحًى وَقَالَ: خَشِيتُ الْحَرَّ عَلَيْكُمْ \"\n\n٦٣٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا يَقُولُونَ: لَا يَقُولُ بِهِ أَحَدٌ صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَالْأَئِمَّةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ\n\n٦٣٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ كَانَ قَدْ تَغَيَّرَ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ غَيْرَ مَحْفُوظٍ ⦗٣٣٦⦘\n\n٦٣٨٥ - وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ رَأَى عَلِيًّا وَهُوَ صَبِيُّ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ تَعَجَّلَ بِهَا فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا فَحَسْبُهُ نِصْفُ النَّهَارِ مِنْ تَعْجِيلِهَا، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَطَبَ بِهِمْ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ مِنْهَا بِقَدْرِ الْأَجْزَاءِ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ","vol":"4","page":335},{"text":"٦٣٨٦ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَّهُ صَلَّى خَلْفَ عَلِيٍّ الْجُمُعَةَ، «فَصَلَّاهَا بِالْهَاجِرَةِ بَعْدَمَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَأَنَّهُ رَآهُ قَائِمًا أَبْيَضَ اللِّحْيَةِ أَجْلَحَ»","vol":"4","page":336},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-342>وَقْتُ الْأَذَانِ لِلْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":337},{"text":"٦٣٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،  «أَنَّ الْأَذَانَ كَانَ أَوَّلُهُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ. حِينَ يَجْلِسُ الْإِمَامُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ خِلَافَةُ عُثْمَانَ كَثُرَ النَّاسُ فَأَمَرَ عُثْمَانُ بِأَذَانٍ ثَانٍ فَأُذِّنَ بِهِ. فَثَبَتَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.\n\n٦٣٨٨ -» وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَى هَذَا وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: \" ثُمَّ أَحْدَثَ عُثْمَانُ الْأَذَانَ الْأَوَّلَ عَلَى الزَّوْرَاءِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ\n\n٦٣٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَكَانَ عَطَاءٌ يُنْكِرُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عُثْمَانُ أَحْدَثَهُ وَيَقُولُ: أَحْدَثَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٦٣٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَيُّهُمَا كَانَ فَالْأَمْرُ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ\n\n٦٣٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْأَذَانُ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَى مَنْ عَلَيْهِ فَرْضُ الْجُمُعَةِ أَنْ يَذَرَ عِنْدَهُ الْبَيْعَ، الْأَذَانُ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَذَلِكَ الْأَذَانُ الَّذِي بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ وَجُلُوسِ الْإِمَامِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ","vol":"4","page":337},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-343>الصَّلَاةُ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":338},{"text":"٦٣٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «نَهَى عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ إِلَّا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»\n\n٦٣٩٣ - ورَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ بَانَكَ، سَمِعَ الْمَقْبُرِيَّ، يُخْبِرُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٣٩٤ - أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ السِّمْنَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٣٩⦘.\n\n٦٣٩٥ - وَفِي كِلَا الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ ضَعْفٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَضَى مَا يَشْهَدُ لَهُمَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":338},{"text":"٦٣٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مَالِكٍ، أَنْ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا  «فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ يُصَلُّونَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ عُمَرُ وَجَلَسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، وَأَذَّنَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ جَلَسُوا يَتَحَدَّثُونَ حَتَّى إِذَا سَكَتَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، وَقَامَ عُمَرُ سَكَتُوا فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمُ أَحَدٌ»\n\n٦٣٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَتَّى إِذَا سَكَتَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، وَزَادَ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَخُرُوجُ الْإِمَامِ يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَكَلَامُهُ يَقْطَعُ الْكَلَامَ\n\n٦٣٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَزِيَادَتِهِ وَقَالَ: الْمُؤَذِّنُ","vol":"4","page":339},{"text":"٦٣٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ قُعُودَ الْإِمَامِ يَقْطَعُ السُّبْحَةَ، وَأَنَّ كَلَامَهُ يَقْطَعُ الْكَلَامَ، وَأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَتَحَدَّثُونَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَعُمَرُ جَالِسٌ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَإِذَا سَكَتَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ قَامَ عُمَرُ فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ أَحَدٌ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ كِلْتَيْهِمَا، فَإِذَا قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَنَزَلَ عُمَرُ تَكَلَّمُوا ⦗٣٤٠⦘\n\n٦٤٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَخَبَرُ ثَعْلَبَةَ عَنْ عَامَّةِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُصَلُّونَ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَيَتَكَلَّمُونَ وَالْإِمَامُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ\n\n٦٤٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ «يَتَحَدَّثُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْمُؤَذِّنُونَ يُؤَذِّنُونَ»\n\n٦٤٠٢ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"4","page":339},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-344>مَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْإِمَامُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، وَلَمْ يَرْكَعْ</span>","vol":"4","page":341},{"text":"٦٤٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: «صَلَّيْتَ؟» قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: «فَصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ⦗٣٤٢⦘\n\n٦٤٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشافعي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ وَزَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ: وَهُوَ سُلَيْكٌ الْغَطَفَانِيُّ: أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"4","page":341},{"text":"٦٤٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: \" جَاءَ رَجُلٌ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ يَخْطُبُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَرَكَعْتَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ؟» قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: «فَارْكَعْ» ⦗٣٤٣⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n٦٤٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ غَايَةَ الثُّبُوتِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٦٤٠٧ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفَهُمَا، فَإِنَّهُ يَرْوِي فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ بِتَخْفِيفِهِمَا","vol":"4","page":342},{"text":"٦٤٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" جَاءَ سُلَيْكٌ الْغَطَفَانِيُّ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَصَلَّيْتَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ؟» فَقَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: «قُمْ فَصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَتَجَوَّزْ فِيهِمَا»، وَقَالَ: «إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدُكُمْ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ فَلْيَرْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَلْيَتَجَوَّزْ فِيهِمَا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ","vol":"4","page":343},{"text":"٦٤٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ جَاءَ وَمَرْوَانُ يَخْطُبُ، فَقَامَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَجَاءَ إِلَيْهِ الْأَحْرَاسُ لِيُجْلِسُوهُ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَجْلِسَ حَتَّى صَلَّى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا الصَّلَاةَ أَتَيْنَاهُ فَقُلْنَا لَهُ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ كَادَ هَؤُلَاءِ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا بِكَ. فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأَدَعُهُمَا لِشَيْءٍ بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ رَأَيْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٤٤⦘ وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ بِهَيْئَةٍ بَذَّةٍ فَقَالَ: «أَصَلَّيْتَ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ». ثُمَّ حَثَّ النَّاسَ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ فَأَلْقَوْا ثِيَابًا، فَأَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الرَّجُلَ مِنْهَا ثَوْبَيْنٍ، \" فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ الْأُخْرَى جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَصَلَّيْتَ؟» قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: «فَصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ». ثُمَّ حَثَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ فَطَرَحَ أَحَدَ ثَوْبَيْهِ، فَصَاحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: «خُذْهُ». فَأَخَذَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «انْظُرُوا إِلَى هَذَا. جَاءَ تِلْكَ الْجُمُعَةَ بِهَيْئَةٍ بَذَّةٍ فَأَمَرْتُ النَّاسَ بِالصَّدَقَةِ، فَطَرَحُوا ثِيَابًا، فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ مِنْهَا ثَوْبَيْنٍ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ أَمَرْتُ النَّاسَ بِالصَّدَقَةِ فَجَاءَ فَأَلْقَى أَحَدَ ثَوْبَيْهِ»\n\n٦٤١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: فَأَمَرَ مَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ فَدَخَلَ وَالْإِمَامُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ بِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: «مَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ» وَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُ الشَّافِعِيِّ لِحَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ","vol":"4","page":343},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-345>بَابُ صَلَاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ</span>","vol":"4","page":345},{"text":"٦٤١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، ومُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، يَذْكُرُ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا دَخَلَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلْيَرْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"4","page":345},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-346>مُقَامُ الْإِمَامِ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":346},{"text":"٦٤١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ ⦗٣٤٧⦘ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «إِذَا خَطَبَ اسْتَنَدَ إِلَى جِذْعِ نَخْلَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَلَمَّا صُنِعَ لَهُ الْمِنْبَرُ فَاسْتَوَى عَلَيْهِ اضْطَرَبَتْ تِلْكَ السَّارِيَةُ كَحَنِينِ النَّاقَةِ حَتَّى سَمِعَهَا أَهْلُ الْمَسْجِدِ، حَتَّى نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاعْتَنَقَهَا فَسَكَنَتْ»","vol":"4","page":346},{"text":"٦٤١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الطُّفَيْلِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" يُصَلِّي إِلَى جِذْعٍ إِذْ كَانَ الْمَسْجِدُ عَرِيشًا، وَكَانَ يَخْطُبُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْجِذْعِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَكَ شَيْئًا تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ حَتَّى يَرَاكَ النَّاسُ وَتُسْمِعَهُمْ خُطْبَتَكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ فَصَنَعَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَ دَرَجَاتٍ فَهِيَ الَّتِي أَعْلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَلَمَّا وُضِعَ الْمِنْبَرُ وَضَعُوهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ. فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَقُومَ إِلَى الْمِنْبَرِ مَرَّ إِلَى الْجِذْعِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَخْطُبُ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَ الْجِذْعَ، خَارَ حَتَّى تَصَدَّعَ وَانْشَقَّ، فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا سَمِعَ صَوْتَ الْجِذْعِ، فَمَسَحَهُ بِيَدِهِ حَتَّى سَكَنَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَكَانَ إِذَا صَلَّى صَلَّى إِلَيْهِ \" فَلَمَّا هُدِمَ ⦗٣٤٨⦘ الْمَسْجِدُ وَغُيِّرَ أَخَذَ ذَلِكَ الْجِذْعَ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ حَتَّى بَلِيَ. فَأَكَلَتْهُ الْأَرَضَةُ، وَعَادَ رُفَاتًا\n\n٦٤١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ إِحْنَانِهِ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَيْمَنَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"4","page":347},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-347>الْخُطْبَةُ قَائِمًا</span>\n٦٤١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾ [الجمعة: ١١]\n\n٦٤١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي خُطْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ","vol":"4","page":349},{"text":"٦٤١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" كَانَ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ قَائِمًا، فَجَاءَتْ عِيرٌ مِنَ الشَّامِ، فَانْفَتَلَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا ⦗٣٥٠⦘ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي الْجُمُعَةِ: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾ [الجمعة: ١١] \" وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ\n\n٦٤١٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، ورَوَاهُ زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ، ومُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ وَنَحْنُ نُصَلِّي الْجُمُعَةَ.\n\n٦٤١٩ - وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَنَّى بِالصَّلَاةِ عَنِ الْخُطْبَةِ، فَأَهْلُ التَّفْسِيرِ عَلَى الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى\n\n٦٤٢٠ - وَدَخَلَ كَعْبُ بْنُ عُجْرَةَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أُمِّ الْحَكَمِ يَخْطُبُ قَاعِدًا. فَقَالَ: انْظُرُوا إِلَى هَذَا الْخَبِيثِ يَخْطُبُ قَاعِدًا، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾ [الجمعة: ١١]\n\n٦٤٢١ - وَهَذَا يُؤَكِّدُ رِوَايَةَ مَنْ رَوَاهَا فِي الْخُطْبَةِ","vol":"4","page":349},{"text":"٦٤٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ \" يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَكَانَتْ لَهُمْ سُوقٌ يُقَالُ ⦗٣٥١⦘ لَهَا الْبَطْحَاءُ كَانَتْ بَنُو سُلَيْمٍ يَجْلِبُونَ إِلَيْهَا الْخَيْلَ وَالْإِبِلَ وَالْغَنَمَ وَالسَّمْنَ، فَقَدِمُوا فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمُ النَّاسُ وَتَرَكُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ لَهُمْ لَهْوٌ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ضَرَبُوا بِالْكَبَرِ، فَعَيَّرَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾ [الجمعة: ١١] \"","vol":"4","page":350},{"text":"٦٤٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ  «يَخْطُبُ قَائِمًا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ خُطْبَتَيْنٍ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِجُلُوسٍ»\n\n٦٤٢٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِهِ.\n\n٦٤٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ جَابِرٍ قَدْ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَدْ رَوَاهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n٦٤٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُوسَائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الضَّرَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"4","page":351},{"text":"٦٤٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ يَقْعُدُ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ» قَالَ: كَمَا تَفْعَلُونَ الْيَوْمَ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ","vol":"4","page":352},{"text":"٦٤٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحٌ مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ «أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَخْطُبُونَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ خُطْبَتَيْنِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ قِيَامًا، يَفْصِلُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِجُلُوسٍ» حَتَّى جَلَسَ مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ الْأُولَى، فَخَطَبَ جَالِسًا وَخَطَبَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ قَائِمًا \"","vol":"4","page":352},{"text":"٦٤٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرُّؤَاسِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَلِيًّا «يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَجْلِسْ حَتَّى فَرَغَ»\n\n٦٤٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ فِي حَالِ الْخُطْبَةِ، خِلافَ مَا أَحْدَثَ بَعْضُ الْأُمَرَاءِ مِنَ الْجُلُوسِ فِي حَالِ الْخُطْبَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٦٤٣١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي الْجُمُعَةِ خُطْبَتَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا جِلْسَةٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَخْطُبْ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ فَالصَّلَاةُ أَرْبَعٌ","vol":"4","page":352},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-348>الْقِرَاءَةُ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":353},{"text":"٦٤٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ \" أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ بِسُورَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ. قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ لَهُ: قَرَأْتَ بِسُورَتَيْنِ كَانَ عَلِيُّ ﵁ يَقْرَأُ بِهِمَا فِي الْجُمُعَةِ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ بِهِمَا \" وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ","vol":"4","page":353},{"text":"٦٤٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «قَرَأَ فِي إِثْرِ سُورَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ»","vol":"4","page":354},{"text":"٦٤٣٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ فِي رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ بِسُورَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ»","vol":"4","page":354},{"text":"٦٤٣٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مِسْعَرُ بْنُ كِدَامٍ، عَنْ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ بِـ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَهَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ»\n\n٦٤٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ\n\n٦٤٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيُّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٤٣٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ","vol":"4","page":354},{"text":"٦٤٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، أَنَّ الضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ ⦗٣٥٥⦘ سَأَلَ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ مَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى إِثْرِ سُورَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ يَقْرَأُ بِـ هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ\n\n٦٤٤٠ - وَرَوَاهُ حَبِيبُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَقْرَأُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ بِـ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، وَهَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ»","vol":"4","page":354},{"text":"٦٤٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ: بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ يُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ يُقْرَأَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى بِالْجُمُعَةِ، وَاخْتَارَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ، وَلَوْ قَرَأَ هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ، أَوْ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى، كَانَ حَسَنًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ بِهَا كُلِّهَا\n\n٦٤٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَثَبَتَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَادَ قَالَ: «وَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ الم تَنْزِيلُ السَّجْدَةُ، وَهَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ»","vol":"4","page":355},{"text":"٦٤٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَاذَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ \" يَقْرَأُ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ فِي الْفَجْرِ: الم تَنْزِيلُ السَّجْدَةُ، وَهَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ. وَفِي الْجُمُعَةِ بِسُورَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ \"","vol":"4","page":356},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-349>مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":357},{"text":"٦٤٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنْ صَلَاةٍ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ»\n\n٦٤٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ⦗٣٥٨⦘\n\n٦٤٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: فَكَانَ أَقَلُّ مَا فِي قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ» إِنْ لَمْ تَفُتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ تَفُتْهُ الْجُمُعَةُ صَلَّاهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ","vol":"4","page":357},{"text":"٦٤٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ رِوَايَةُ الْجُمْهُورِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فَالْجُمُعَةُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَيْلِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ:  «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ»\n\n٦٤٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٤٤٩ - وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ","vol":"4","page":358},{"text":"٦٤٥٠ - ورَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ:  «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَةً فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَهَا كُلَّهَا»\n\n٦٤٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"4","page":358},{"text":"٦٤٥٢ - ورَوَاهُ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَقَالَ:  «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنَ الْجُمُعَةِ رَكْعَةً فَلْيُصَلِّ إِلَيْهَا أُخْرَى»\n\n٦٤٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"4","page":359},{"text":"٦٤٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَدْرَكْتَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَأَضِفْ إِلَيْهَا أُخْرَى، وَإِذَا فَاتَكَ الرُّكُوعُ فَصَلِّ أَرْبَعًا»\n\n٦٤٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُوَافِقٌ مَعْنَى مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَدْ خَالَفُوهُ فَذَكَرَ مَذَاهِبَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي ذَلِكَ\n\n٦٤٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ نَحْوُ هَذَا","vol":"4","page":359},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-350>آدَابُ الْخُطْبَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":360},{"text":"٦٤٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خُطْبَتَيْنٍ، وَجَلَسَ جَلْسَتَيْنِ» وَحَكَى الَّذِي حَدَّثَنِي قَالُ: اسْتَوَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الدَّرَجَةِ الَّتِي تَلِي الْمُسْتَرَاحَ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَجَلَسَ عَلَى الْمُسْتَرَاحِ، حَتَّى فَرَغَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ مِنَ الْأَذَانِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَخَطَبَ الْخُطْبَةَ الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَخَطَبَ الثَّانِيَةَ ⦗٣٦١⦘.\n\n٦٤٥٨ - وَاتَّبَعَ هَذَا الْكَلَامُ الْحَدِيثَ فَلَا أَدْرِي: أَحَدَّثَهُ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ أَمْ شَيْءٌ فَسَّرَهُ هُوَ فِي الْحَدِيث\n\n٦٤٥٩ - ِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ: فَالْإِمَامُ يَجْلِسُ جَلْسَتَيْنِ، وَيَخْطُبُ خُطْبَتَيْنِ، وَهَكَذَا السُّنَّةُ وَالْأَثَرُ\n\n٦٤٦٠ - أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: كَانَ الْأَذَانُ الْأَوَّلُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ الْإِمَامُ، فَيَجْلِسُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ \"\n\n٦٤٦١ - فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَجْلِسُونَ جِلْسَةً حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ الْمُؤَذِّنُونَ مِنْ آذَانِهِمْ\n\n٦٤٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ\n\n٦٤٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ إِيَاسَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «جَلَسَ جَلْسَتَيْنِ وَخَطَبَ خُطْبَتَيْنِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»","vol":"4","page":360},{"text":"٦٤٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ ⦗٣٦٢⦘: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ \" يَقُومُ عَلَى عَصًا إِذَا خَطَبَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. كَانَ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَيْهَا اعْتِمَادًا \"\n\n٦٤٦٥ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ حَزْنٍ، أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ الْجُمُعَةَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فَقَامَ مُتَوَكِّئًا عَلَى عَصًا أَوْ قَوْسٍ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ كَلِمَاتٍ خَفِيفَاتٍ طَيِّبَاتٍ مُبَارَكَاتٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّكُمْ لَنْ تُطِيقُوا أَوْ لَنْ تَفْعَلُوا كُلَّ مَا أُمِرْتُمْ بِهِ، وَلَكِنْ سَدِّدُوا وَأَبْشِرُوا»\n\n٦٤٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شِهَابُ بْنُ خِرَاشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ رُزَيْقِ الطَّائِفِيُّ قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ حَزْنٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"4","page":361},{"text":"٦٤٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَأَقَلُّ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ خُطْبَةٍ مِنَ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ أَنْ يَحْمَدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَيُصَلِّيَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيُوصِيَ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، وَيَدْعُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ مَعْقُولًا أَنَّ الْخُطْبَةَ جَمْعُ بَعْضِ الْكَلَامِ مِنْ وجُوهٍ إِلَى بَعْضٍ، وَهَذَا أَوْجَزُ مَا يُجْمَعُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ»\n\n٦٤٦٨ - وَقَالَ فِي خِلَالِ كَلَامٍ لَهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَقَلُّ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ خُطْبَةٍ كَلَامٌ كَقَدْرِ أَقْصَرِ سُورَةٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ","vol":"4","page":362},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-351>الْقِرَاءَةُ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":363},{"text":"٦٤٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ إِسَافٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ هِشَامِ بِنْتِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «يَقْرَأُ بِـ قَافٍ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَأَنَّهَا لَمْ تَحْفَظْهَا إِلَّا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ مَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ بِهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ»\n\n٦٤٧٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ هِشَامِ بِنْتِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٦٤٧١ - قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُنِي إِلَّا سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ حَزْمٍ يَقْرَأُ بِهَا عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ.\n\n٦٤٧٢ - قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: وَسَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَقْرَؤُهَا وَهُوَ قَاضٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ","vol":"4","page":363},{"text":"٦٤٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ورَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ هِشَامِ بِنْتِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ قَالَتْ:  «لَقَدْ كَانَ تَنُّورُنَا وَتَنُّورُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاحِدًا سَنَتَيْنِ، أَوْ سَنَةً وَبَعْضَ سَنَةٍ وَمَا أَخَذْتُ ق، وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ إِلَّا عَنْ لِسَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْرَؤُهَا كُلَّ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ إِذَا خَطَبَ النَّاسَ»\n\n٦٤٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ","vol":"4","page":364},{"text":"٦٤٧٥ - ورَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْنٍ وَهُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَعْنٍ، عَنِ ابْنَةِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَتْ:  «لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا وَتَنُّورُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاحِدٌ، وَمَا أَخَذْتُ ق إِلَّا مِنْ فِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ»\n\n٦٤٧٦ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٤٧٧ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ وَقَالَ: يَخْطُبُ بِهَا كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ","vol":"4","page":364},{"text":"٦٤٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ حَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ \" كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَتْ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ﴿عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌ مَا أَحَضَرَتْ﴾ [التكوير: ١٤] ثُمَّ يَقْطَعُ السُّورَةَ \"","vol":"4","page":365},{"text":"٦٤٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ  «قَرَأَ يَعْنِي السَّجْدَةَ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»\n\n٦٤٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ وَقُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ\n\n٦٤٨١ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ﵁ كَانَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي آخِرِ خُطْبَتِهِ قَرَأَ آخِرَ النِّسَاءِ ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ﴾ [النساء: ١٧٦] إِلَى آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ","vol":"4","page":365},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-352>الْفَتْحُ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ</span>\n٦٤٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ ﵀: وَإِنْ حُصِرَ الْإِمَامُ لُقِّنَ","vol":"4","page":366},{"text":"٦٤٨٣ - وَقَالَ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا بَأْسَ بِتَلْقِينِ الْإِمَامِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ \"","vol":"4","page":366},{"text":"٦٤٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ زَبْرٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" صَلَّى صَلَاةً فَقَرَأَ فِيهَا فَالْتَبَسَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ لِأُبَيٍّ: «أَصَلَّيْتَ مَعَنَا؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: «فَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَفْتَحَ عَلَيَّ؟»\n\n٦٤٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"4","page":366},{"text":"٦٤٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ زَيْدِ الْمَالِكِيُّ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَتَرَكَ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَقْرَأْهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، تَرَكْتَ آيَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَهَلَّا أَذْكَرْتَنِيهَا» قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَرَى أَنَّهَا نُسِخَتْ \"\n\n٦٤٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ كَثِيرٍ الْكَاهِلِيُّ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٦٧⦘.\n\n٦٤٨٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي جَوَازِ الْفَتْحِ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٦٤٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا اسْتَطْعَمَكُمُ الْإِمَامُ فَأَطْعِمُوهُ». وَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: «يَعْنِي إِذَا سَكَتَ»\n\n٦٤٩٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَا عَلِيُّ لَا تَفْتَحْ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ». فَإِنَّهُ حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ، تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْحَارِثُ الْأَعْوَرُ، وَالْحَارِثُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنَ الْحَارِثِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ أَحَادِيثَ، لَيْسَ هَذَا مِنْهَا","vol":"4","page":366},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-353>كَيْفَ يُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْخُطْبَةُ</span>","vol":"4","page":368},{"text":"٦٤٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ،\n\n٦٤٩٢ - ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ يَعْنِي الدَّرَاوَرْدِيَّ، عَنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،\n\n٦٤٩٣ - ح ⦗٣٦٩⦘ وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيٌّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَالْغَرَوِيُّ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ﷿ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ عَلَى إِثْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ عَلَا صَوْتُهُ، وَاشْتَدَّ غَضَبُهُ، وَاحْمَرَّتْ وَجْنَتَاهُ كَأَنَّهُ مُنْذِرُ جَيْشٍ، يَقُولُ: \" صَبَّحَكُمْ أَوْ مَسَّاكُمْ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «بُعِثْتُ أَنَا وَالسَّاعَةُ كَهَاتَيْنِ» وَأَشَارَ بِإِصْبَعَيْهِ الْوُسْطَى وَالَّتِي تَلِي الْإِبْهَامَ. ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ. وَخَيْرَ الْهَدْيِ هَدْيُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَشَرَّ الْأُمُورِ مُحْدَثَاتُهَا، وَكُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ، مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِأَهْلِهِ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضِيَاعًا فَإِلَيَّ وَعَلَيَّ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ","vol":"4","page":368},{"text":"٦٤٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَطَبَ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ لِلَّهِ نَسْتَعِينُهُ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَشْهَدُ بِهِ وَنَسْتَنْصِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا وَمِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا. مَنْ يَهْدِهِ اللَّهُ فَلَا مُضِلَّ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَا هَادِيَ لَهُ. وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ. مَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ رَشَدَ، وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ غَوَى، حَتَّى يَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ»","vol":"4","page":369},{"text":"٦٤٩٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ ⦗٣٧٠⦘: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرٌو، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَطَبَ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ:  «أَلَا إِنَّ الدُّنْيَا عَرَضٌ حَاضِرٌ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا الْبَرُّ وَالْفَاجِرُ. أَلَا وَإِنَّ الدُّنْيَا أَجَلٌ صَادِقٌ يَقْضِي فِيهَا مَلِكٌ قَادِرٌ، أَلَا وَإِنَّ الْخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ بِحَذَافِيرِهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ. أَلَا وَإِنَّ الشَّرَّ كُلَّهُ بِحَذَافِيرِهِ فِي النَّارِ. أَلَا فَاعْمَلُوا وَأَنْتُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَى حَذَرٍ، وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ مُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى أَعْمَالِكُمْ. فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ، وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ»","vol":"4","page":369},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-354>مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":371},{"text":"٦٤٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أخبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: خَطَبَ رَجُلٌ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: مَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ رَشَدَ، وَمَنْ يَعْصِهِمَا فَقَدْ غَوَى. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اسْكُتْ فَبِئْسَ الْخَطِيبُ أَنْتَ». ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" قُلْ: مَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ رَشَدَ، وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ غَوَى وَلَا تَقُلْ: وَمَنْ يَعْصِهِمَا \"","vol":"4","page":371},{"text":"٦٤٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَقَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" بِئْسَ الْخَطِيبُ أَنْتَ. قُلْ: وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ غَوَى \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ ⦗٣٧٢⦘،\n\n٦٤٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشِئْتَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَمِثْلَانِ؟ قُلْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ شِئْتَ»\n\n٦٤٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَابْتِدَاءُ الْمَشِيئَةِ مُخَالَفَةٌ لِلْمَعْصِيَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ طَاعَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعْصِيَتَهُ تَبَعٌ لِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَمَعْصِيَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الطَّاعَةَ وَالْمَعْصِيَةَ مَنْصُوصَتَانِ بِفَرْضِ الطَّاعَةِ مِنَ اللَّهِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٦٥٠٠ - فَجَازَ أَنْ يُقَالَ: مَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، وَالْمَشِيئَةُ إِرَادَةُ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ﴾\n\n٦٥٠١ - فَأَعْلَمَ خَلْقَهُ: أَنَّ الْمَشِيئَةَ لَهُ دُونَ خَلْقِهِ، وَأَنَّ مَشِيئَتَهُمْ لَا تَكُونُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ. فَيُقَالُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ شِئْتَ. وَلَا يُقَالُ: مَا شَاءُ اللَّهُ وَشِئْتَ. وَيُقَالُ: مَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ؛ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَبَّدَ الْعِبَادَ بِأَنْ فَرَضَ طَاعَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا أُطِيعُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَدْ أُطِيعَ اللَّهُ بِطَاعَةِ رَسُولِهِ","vol":"4","page":371},{"text":"٦٥٠٢ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِيَ الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي لَقِيتُ بَعْضَ الْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ لِي: \" نِعْمَ الْقَوْمُ أَنْتُمْ لَوْلَا أَنَّكُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّا نُشْرِكُ ⦗٣٧٣⦘، وَأَنْتُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ. تَقُولُونَ: مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَكْرُهُهَا لَكُمْ. قُولُوا: مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ مَا شَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ \"\n\n٦٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٦٥٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُخْلِصَ الْإِمَامُ الْخُطْبَةَ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ، وَالْعِظَةِ وَالْقِرَاءَةِ، لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ\n\n٦٥٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: مَا الَّذِي أَرَى النَّاسَ يَدْعُونَ بِهِ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ يَوْمَئِذٍ، أَبَلَغَكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَوْ عَنْ مَنْ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا. إِنَّمَا أُحْدِثَ. إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الْخُطْبَةُ تَذْكِيرًا\n\n٦٥٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ دَعَا لِأَحَدٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، أَوْ عَلَى أَحَدٍ كَرِهْتُهُ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةٌ\n\n٦٥٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي آدَابِ الْخُطْبَةِ: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَلَامُهُ قَصْدًا بَلِيغًا جَامِعًا\n\n٦٥٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ ⦗٣٧٤⦘: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ قَصْدًا وَخُطْبَتُهُ قَصْدًا\n\n٦٥٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ أَيْضًا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يُطِيلُ الْمَوْعِظَةَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ كَلِمَاتٌ يَسِيرَةٌ.\n\n٦٥١٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «طُولُ صَلَاةِ الرَّجُلِ وَقِصَرُ خُطْبَتِهِ مَئِنَّةٌ مِنْ فِقْهِ الرَّجُلِ، فَأَطِيلُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَقْصِرُوا الْخُطْبَةَ»\n\n٦٥١١ - وَهَكَذَا اسْتَحَبَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَلَامُهُ خَفِيفًا، وَصَلَاتُهُ أَطْوَلُ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ ⦗٣٧٥⦘.\n\n٦٥١٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَسْرُدُ الْكَلَامَ كَسَرْدِكُمْ هَذَا، كَانَ كَلَامُهُ بَيْنَهُ فَصْلٌ، يَحْفَظْهُ كُلُّ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ","vol":"4","page":372},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-355>الْإِنْصَاتُ لِلْخُطْبَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":376},{"text":"٦٥١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِذَا قُلْتَ لِصَاحِبِكَ: أَنْصِتْ، وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ، فَقَدْ لَغَوْتَ \" ⦗٣٧٧⦘\n\n٦٥١٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ","vol":"4","page":376},{"text":"٦٥١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n٦٥١٦ - ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِذَا قُلْتَ لِصَاحِبِكَ: أَنْصِتْ فَقَدْ لَغَوْتَ \"\n\n٦٥١٧ - يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ: وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ ⦗٣٧٨⦘.\n\n٦٥١٨ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَبِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":377},{"text":"٦٥١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n٦٥٢٠ - ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا قُلْتَ لِصَاحِبِكَ أَنْصِتْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ، فَقَدْ لَغَيْتَ»\n\n٦٥٢١ - قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ لُغَةُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ لَغَوْتَ. لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ","vol":"4","page":378},{"text":"٦٥٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَتَلَا آيَةً، وَإِلَى جَنْبِي أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أُبَيُّ، مَتَى أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ؟ قَالَ: فَأَبَى أَنْ يُكَلِّمَنِي، ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُهُ فَأَبَى أَنْ يُكَلِّمَنِي، حَتَّى إِذَا نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ لِي: مَا لَكَ مِنْ جُمُعَتِكَ إِلَّا مَا لَغَوْتَ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جِئْتُهُ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّكَ تَلَوْتَ آيَةً وَإِلَى جَنْبِي أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ مَتَى أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ؟ فَأَبَى أَنْ يُكَلِّمَنِي حَتَّى نَزَلْتَ، زَعَمَ أُبَيٌّ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي مِنْ جُمُعَتِي إِلَّا مَا لَغَوْتُ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ: «صَدَقَ أُبَيٌّ، فَإِذَا سَمِعْتَ إِمَامَكَ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَأَنْصِتْ حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفَ» ⦗٣٧٩⦘\n\n٦٥٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ لِأَنِّي، وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، أَوْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَجَعَلَ الْقِصَّةَ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَقِيلَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَبَيْنَ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، وَأُبَيٍّ، وَقِيلَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقِيلَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأُبَيٍّ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٦٥٢٤ - هَذَا الِاخْتِلَافُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي اسْمِ صَاحِبِ الْقِصَّةِ، وَاتَّفَقَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ عَلَى تَصْدِيقِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَائِلَهُ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ حَرْبِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الزِّيَادَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَاهَا\n\n٦٥٢٥ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: \" أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لِلْمُتَكَلِّمِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ: لَا جُمُعَةَ لَكَ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «صَدَقَ»، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِإِعَادَةٍ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ: لَا أَجْرَ الْجُمُعَةِ لَكَ","vol":"4","page":378},{"text":"٦٥٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو العباس قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ - قَلَّ مَا يَدَعُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا خَطَبَ  «إِذَا قَامَ الْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْتَمِعُوا وَأَنْصِتُوا؛ فَإِنَّ لِلْمُنْصِتِ الَّذِي لَا يَسْمَعُ مِنَ الْحَظِّ مِثْلَ مَا لِلسَّامِعِ الْمُنْصِتِ، فَإِذَا قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَاعْدِلُوا الصُّفُوفَ، وَحَاذُوا بِالْمَنَاكِبِ؛ فَإِنَّ اعْتِدَالَ الصُّفُوفِ مِنْ تَمَامِ الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ لَا يُكَبِّرُ عُثْمَانُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ رِجَالٌ قَدْ وَكَّلَهُمْ بِتَسْوِيَةِ الصُّفُوفِ، فَيُخْبِرُونَهُ أَنْ قَدِ اسْتَوَتْ فَيُكَبِّرُ»","vol":"4","page":379},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-356>مَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ الْخُطْبَةَ</span>","vol":"4","page":380},{"text":"٦٥٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ،  «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَذْكُرَ اللَّهَ فِي نَفْسِهِ بِتَكْبِيرٍ وَتَهْلِيلٍ وَتَسْبِيحٍ»","vol":"4","page":380},{"text":"٦٥٢٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: لَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا أَنَّ مَنْصُورَ بْنَ الْمُعْتَمِرِ أَخْبَرَنِي، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: \" أَيَقْرَأُ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ؟ وَهُوَ لَا يَسْمَعُ الْخُطْبَةَ؟ فَقَالَ: عَسَى أَنْ لَا يَضُرَّهُ \"","vol":"4","page":380},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-357>الْكَلَامُ فِي حَالِ الْخُطْبَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":381},{"text":"٦٥٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ تَكَلَّمَ رَجُلٌ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ لَمْ أُحِبَّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةُ الْجُمُعَةِ،\n\n٦٥٣٠ - أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَلَّمَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوا ابْنَ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، وَكَلَّمُوهُ وَتَدَاعَوْا قَتْلَهُ،\n\n٦٥٣١ - وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَلَّمَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَرْكَعْ وَكَلَّمَهُ.\n\n٦٥٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُلَيْكٍ الْغَطَفَانِيِّ الَّذِي كَلَّمَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَكَلَّمَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِ الشَّافِعِيِّ،\n\n٦٥٣٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ، فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِسْنَادَهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ","vol":"4","page":381},{"text":"٦٥٣٣ - فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ الرَّهْطَ الَّذِينَ بَعَثَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ بِخَيْبَرَ فَقَتَلُوهُ، فَقَدِمُوا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ قَالَ: «أَفْلَحَتِ الْوُجُوهُ». قَالُوا: أَفْلَحَ وَجْهُكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: «أَقَتَلْتُمُوهُ؟». قَالُوا: نَعَمْ \" ⦗٣٨٢⦘\n\n٦٥٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَرْوَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: \" فَدَعَا بِالسَّيْفِ الَّذِي قَتُلَ بِهِ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَسَلَّهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَجَلٌ. هَذَا طَعَامُهُ فِي ذُبَابِ السَّيْفِ»\n\n٦٥٣٥ - وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مُرْسَلًا، فَهُوَ مَشْهُورٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي.\n\n٦٥٣٦ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَوْصُولًا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُنَيْسٍ،\n\n٦٥٣٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِحَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قَامَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَلَكَتِ الْمَوَاشِي، وَانْقَطَعَتِ السُّبُلُ، فَادْعُ اللَّهَ، وَذَلِكَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي كِتَابِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ ⦗٣٨٣⦘\n\n٦٥٣٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ حَيْثُ دَخَلَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كُنْتُ بِالسُّوقِ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n٦٥٣٩ - وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ","vol":"4","page":381},{"text":"٦٥٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَمَا قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَقَدْ لَغَوْتَ»؟ قِيلَ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، فَأَمَّا مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ كَلَامِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَلَامِ مَنْ كَلَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِكَلَامِهِ فَيَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ، وَأَنَّ الْإِنْصَاتَ لِلْإِمَامِ اخْتِيَارٌ، وَأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: «لَغَوْتَ». تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْأَدَبِ فِيهِ أَنْ لَا يَتَكَلَّمَ، وَالْأَدَبُ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْكَلَامِ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ بِمَا يَعْنِيهِ.\n\n٦٥٤١ - وَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَرَأَيْتَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ؟ أَيُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَ جَابِرٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ؟\n\n٦٥٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يَخْتَلِفَانِ. هَذَا كَلَامُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَمْرُهُ، وَكَلَامُ مَنْ كَلَّمَهُ بِأَمْرِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَفِي قَتْلِ مَنْ قُتِلَ.\n\n٦٥٤٣ - وَكَلَامُ الْإِمَامِ فِي هَذَا، وَكَلَامُ مَنْ كَلَّمَهُ غَيْرُ كَلَامِ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِإِمَامٍ، كَلَّمَ آخَرَ مَثَلًا بِأَنْ قَالَ: «أَنْصِتْ». وَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ مَا لِلْإِمَامِ، وَعَلَيْهِ مَا عَلَى الْمَأْمُومِ الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ الْإِمَامُ،\n\n٦٥٤٤ - وَإِذَا تَكَلَّمَ الْمَأْمُومُ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ فَلَا أُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَلَا يَنْتَقِضُ عَلَيْهِ جُمُعَتُهُ، وَأَكْثَرُ مَا يُصِيبُهُ فِي هَذَا أَنْ يَبْطُلَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرُ مَنِ اسْتَمَعَ الْخُطْبَةَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لَوْ فَاتَتْهُ الْخُطْبَةُ أَجْزَأَتْهُ الْجُمُعَةُ، وَلَوْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً أَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا أُخْرَى، فَكَيْفَ يُفْسِدُ صَلَاتَهُ بِالْكَلَامِ فِي اسْتِمَاعِ الْخُطْبَةِ؟","vol":"4","page":383},{"text":"٦٥٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مِنْهَالٍ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ \" يَخْطُبُ عَلَى مِنْبَرٍ مِنْ آجُرٍّ، فَجَاءَ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَقَدِ امْتَلَأَ الْمَسْجِدُ وَأَخَذُوا مَجَالِسَهُمْ، فَجَعَلَ يَتَخَطَّى حَتَّى دَنَا وَقَالَ: غَلَبَتْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ هَذِهِ الْحَمْرَاءُ. فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: مَا بَالُ هَذِهِ الضَّيَاطِرَةِ يَتَخَلَّفُ أَحَدُكُمْ \" قَالَ: ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ كَلَامًا.\n\n٦٥٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ تَكَلَّمَ الْأَشْعَثُ فَلَمْ يَنْهَهُ عَلِيٌّ، وَتَكَلَّمَ عَلِيٌّ","vol":"4","page":384},{"text":"٦٥٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ أَظُنُّهُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ:  «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ وَيَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»\n\n٦٥٤٨ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ يَرُدُّ إِيمَاءً وَلَا يَتَكَلَّمُ","vol":"4","page":384},{"text":"٦٥٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا عَطَسَ الرَّجُلُ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَشَمِّتْهُ»\n\n٦٥٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n٦٥٥١ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَوْ سَلَّمَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ رَدَّ السَّلَامِ فَرْضٌ، وَلَوْ عَطَسَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَشَمَّتَهُ رَجُلٌ رَجَوْتُ أَنْ يَسَعَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ التَّشْمِيتَ سُنَّةٌ،\n\n٦٥٥٢ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَيَسْتَمِعُونَ الْخُطْبَةَ، وَلَا يُشَمِّتُونَ عَاطِسًا، لَا يَرُدُّونَ سَلَامًا إِلَّا بِالْإِيمَاءِ،\n\n٦٥٥٣ - وَقَوْلُهُ الْجَدِيدُ أَصَحُّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":385},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-358>اسْتِئْذَانُ مَنْ أَحْدَثَ إِمَامَهُ فِي الْخُرُوجِ</span>\n٦٥٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَحْدَثَ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَلْيُمْسِكْ عَلَى أَنْفِهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَخْرُجْ»\n\n٦٥٥٥ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ مُرْسَلًا","vol":"4","page":386},{"text":"٦٥٥٦ - وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَاهِينَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٣٨٧⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَحْدَثَ أَحَدُكُمْ وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلْيَأْخُذْ عَلَى أَنْفِهِ فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ»\n\n٦٥٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الشَّعْرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى، فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيَأْخُذْ عَلَى أَنْفِهِ فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ».\n\n٦٥٥٨ - تَابَعَهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ فِي وَصْلِهِ.\n\n٦٥٥٩ - وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنَ الْإِمَامَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ، وَأَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ﴾ [النور: ٦٢] خَاصٌّ فِي الْحَرْبِ وَنَحْوِهَا","vol":"4","page":386},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-359>الْأَمِيرُ يَمُوتُ أَوْ يُعْزَلُ أَوْ يَغِيبُ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَخْلِفْ</span>\n٦٥٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: صَلَّى لَهُمْ بَعْضُهُمْ وَكَذَلِكَ الْعِيدُ","vol":"4","page":388},{"text":"٦٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، وَعُثْمَانُ مَحْصُورٌ»\n\n٦٥٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ عُثْمَانَ أَمَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ","vol":"4","page":388},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-360>الْجُمُعَةُ خَلْفَ الْعَبْدِ، وَالْغُلَامِ لَمْ يَحْتَلِمْ</span>","vol":"4","page":389},{"text":"٦٥٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ:  «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الْعَبْدُ الْجُمُعَةَ وَالْعِيدَيْنِ»\n\n٦٥٦٤ - قَدْ كَانَ «صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ بِالرَّبَذَةِ عَبْدٌ فِي زَمَانِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ الْجُمُعَةَ وَغَيْرَهَا، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ وَالِيًا عَلَى الْحِمَى وَالرَّبَذَةِ، لَا عَلَى الْحُكْمِ»","vol":"4","page":389},{"text":"٦٥٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَرِيفٍ الْبَجَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ إِلَى الرَّبَذَةِ وَعَلَى الْمَاءِ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِيٌّ، فَأُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَبُو ذَرٍّ، فَنَكَصَ الْعَبْدُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو ذَرٍّ: تَقَدَّمْ، إِنَّ خَلِيلِي ﷺ أَوْصَانِي أَنْ أَسْمَعَ وَأُطِيعَ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَبْدًا مُجَدَّعَ الْأَطْرَافِ \" وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ،\n\n٦٥٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي إِسْنَادِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ الْجُمُعَةِ: وَلَا أَدْرِي الْجُمُعَةَ تُجْزِئُ خَلْفَ الْغُلَامِ لَمْ يَحْتَلِمْ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":389},{"text":"٦٥٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «لَا يَؤُمُّ الْغُلَامُ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ» ⦗٣٩٠⦘\n\n٦٥٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: أَكْرَهُ إِمَامَتَهُ، وَإِنْ أَمَّ فِي جُمُعَةٍ وَغَيْرِهَا فَلَا إِعَادَةَ،\n\n٦٥٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي هَذَا حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٦٥٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَجُوزُ إِمَامَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ الرِّجَالَ لِمَا قَصُرَ فِيهِنَّ عَنِ الرِّجَالِ، وَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مُتَأَخِّرَةً خَلْفَ الرِّجَالِ، لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ تَكُونَ مُتَقَدِّمَةً بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"4","page":389},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-361>الصَّلَاةُ فِي مَسْجِدَيْنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ</span>","vol":"4","page":391},{"text":"٦٥٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" فَإِذَا كَانَ مِصْرٌ عَظِيمٌ، رَأَيْتُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الْجُمُعَةَ فِي مَسْجِدِهِ الْأَعْظَمِ ⦗٣٩٢⦘.\n\n٦٥٧٢ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ كَانُوا يُصَلُّونَ الْجُمُعَةَ فِي مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَحَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي الْعَوَالِي وَغَيْرِهَا.\n\n٦٥٧٣ - أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: مَسَاجِدُ لَا نَعْلَمُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا جَمَعَ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"4","page":391},{"text":"٦٥٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِيمَا رَوَى ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشْجِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَشْيَاخُنَا:  «أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُصَلُّونَ فِي تِسْعِ مَسَاجِدَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ أَذَانَ بِلَالٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ حَضَرُوا كُلُّهُمْ مَسْجِدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n٦٥٧٥ - أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٥٧٦ - وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «لَا جُمُعَةَ إِلَّا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَكْبَرِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْإِمَامُ»","vol":"4","page":392},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-362>بَابُ التَّبْكِيرِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":393},{"text":"٦٥٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ بَابٍ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ مَلَائِكَةٌ يَكْتُبُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَى مَنَازِلِهِمُ الْأَوَّلَ فَالْأَوَّلَ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ الْإِمَامُ طُوِيَتِ الصُّحُفُ وَاسْتَمَعُوا الْخُطْبَةَ، وَالْمَهَجِّرُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ كَالْمُهْدِي بَدَنَةً، ثُمَّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ كَالْمُهْدِي بَقَرَةً، ثُمَّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ كَالْمُهْدِي كَبْشًا، حَتَّى ذَكَرَ الدَّجَاجَةَ وَالْبَيْضَةَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٦٥٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَالْمُزَنِيِّ: قَدْ خُولِفَ سُفْيَانُ فِي إِسْنَادِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، خَالَفَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗٣٩٤⦘.\n\n٦٥٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n٦٥٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَحَرْمَلَةَ: وَاثْنَانِ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ رَوَاهُ عَنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا\n\n٦٥٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَانَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ﵀ ذَهَبَ إِلَى التَّرْجِيحِ بِكَثْرَةِ الرُّوَاةِ، فَأَخْرَجَ حَدِيثَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَالْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَحَدِيثَ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n٦٥٨٢ - وَذَهَبَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ إِلَى الِاحْتِمَالِ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ الزُّهْرِيُّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ كَمَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ\n\n٦٥٨٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ وحَفِظْتُهُ مِنْهُ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وأَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ بَابٍ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ ⦗٣٩٥⦘. . . . .». فَقِيلَ لِسُفْيَانَ: إِنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: الْأَغَرَّ، فَقَالَ: مَا سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ ذَكَرَ الْأَغَرَّ قَطُّ. مَا يَقُولُهُ إِلَّا عَنْ سَعِيدٍ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ.\n\n٦٥٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «مَثَلُ الْمُهَجِّرِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ.» قَالَ: رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، وَأَصْحَابُ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ رَوَاهُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَجَمِيعًا صَحِيحٌ،\n\n٦٥٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْن الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَّرَهُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n٦٥٨٦ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَقُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ: فَإِنَّ مَعْمَرًا يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ: حَفِظْنَاهُ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٦٥٨٧ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ: فَإِنَّ ابْنَ مُجَمِّعٍ رَوَاهُ، عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ، وسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَعْنِي رَوَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْهُمَا","vol":"4","page":393},{"text":"٦٥٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ السَّمَّانِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنِ اغْتَسَلَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، ثُمَّ رَاحَ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَرَّبَ بَدَنَةً، وَمَنْ رَاحَ فِي السَّاعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَرَّبَ بَقَرَةً ⦗٣٩٦⦘، وَمَنْ رَاحَ فِي السَّاعَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَرَّبَ كَبْشًا أَقْرَنَ، وَمَنْ رَاحَ فِي السَّاعَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَرَّبَ دَجَاجَةً، وَمَنْ رَاحَ فِي السَّاعَةِ الْخَامِسَةِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَرَّبَ بَيْضَةً، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ الْإِمَامُ حَضَرَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الذِّكْرَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٦٥٨٩ - وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ بَعْضَ مَعْنَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n٦٥٩٠ - وَرَأَيْتُ فِيَ بَعْضِ نُسَخِ «الْمُخْتَصَرِ» هَذَا الْمَتْنَ مَرْبُوطًا عَلَى إِسْنَادِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَرَأَيْتُ فِيَ بَعْضِهَا قَدْ ضُرِبَ عَلَى إِسْنَادِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الصَّحِيحَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي غَيْرِ «الْمُخْتَصَرِ»، كَمَا ذَكَرَهُ الرَّبِيعُ","vol":"4","page":395},{"text":"٦٥٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ، وَابْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، وحُسَيْنُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَسَّانُ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْأَشْعَثَ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَوْسِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ غَسَلَ وَاغْتَسَلَ، وَبَكَّرَ، وَابْتَكَرَ، وَمَشَى وَلَمْ يَرْكَبْ، وَدَنَا وَأَنْصَتَ، وَلَمْ يَلْغُ، كَانَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ خُطْوَةٍ عَمَلُ سَنَةٍ، أَجْرُ صِيَامِهَا وَقِيَامِهَا» ⦗٣٩٧⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n٦٥٩٢ - قُلْتُ: وَقَوْلُهُ غَسَلَ وَاغْتَسَلَ يَعْنِي: غَسَلَ رَأْسَهُ، وَقَوْلُهُ وَاغْتَسَلَ: يَعْنِي جَسَدَهُ.\n\n٦٥٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، وسَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الشَّامِيِّ، وَهُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَإِنَّمَا أَفْرَدَ الرَّأْسَ بِالذِّكْرِ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَجْعَلُونَ فِيهِ الدُّهْنَ أَوِ الْخَطْمِيَّ وَغَيْرَهَا، وَكَانُوا يَغْسِلُونَهُ أَوَّلًا ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُونَ","vol":"4","page":396},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-363>الْمَشْيُ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ</span>\n٦٥٩٤ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩]","vol":"4","page":398},{"text":"٦٥٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «مَا سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ قَطُّ يَقْرَؤُهَا إِلَّا» فَامَضَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ\"\n\n٦٥٩٦ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَقُولُ: السَّعْيُ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ: الْعَمَلُ. لَا السَّعْيُ عَلَى الْأَقْدَامِ،\n\n٦٥٩٧ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى﴾ [الليل: ٤]\n\n٦٥٩٨ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَسَعَى لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ﴾ [الإسراء: ١٩]\n\n٦٥٩٩ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَكَانَ سَعْيُكُمْ مَشْكُورًا﴾ [الإنسان: ٢٢]\n\n٦٦٠٠ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَأَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَى﴾ [النجم: ٣٩]\n⦗٣٩٩⦘\n\n٦٦٠١ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِذَا تَوَلَّى سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ لَيُفْسِدَ فِيهَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠٥]\n\n٦٦٠٢ - وَقَالَ زُهَيْرٌ:\n[البحر الطويل]\n\nسَعَى بَعْدَهُمْ قَوْمٌ لِكَيْ يُدْرِكُوهُمُ ... فَلَمْ يُدْرِكُوهُمْ وَلَمْ يُلَامُوا وَلَمْ يَأْلُوا","vol":"4","page":398},{"text":"٦٦٠٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَاهُ أَنَّهُمَا، سَمِعَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا نُودِيَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْعَوْنَ، وَأْتُوهَا عَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ، فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا، وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا؛ فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ فِي صَلَاةٍ مَا كَانَ يَعْمِدُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ»","vol":"4","page":399},{"text":"٦٦٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ صَاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا خَرَجْتَ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ فَامْشِ عَلَى هِينَتِكَ»","vol":"4","page":399},{"text":"٦٦٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ  «أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْإِقَامَةَ وَهُوَ بِالْبَقِيعِ فَأَسْرَعَ الْمَشْيَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ» ⦗٤٠٠⦘\n\n٦٦٠٦ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: وَنَحْنُ نَكْرَهُ الْإِسْرَاعَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ؟ فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِنَّمَا كَرِهْتُمُوهُ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْعَوْنَ، وَأْتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ، وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ»، فَقَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ. وَهَكَذَا يَنْبَغِي لَكُمْ فِي كُلِّ أَمْرٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَذَكَرَ كَلَامًا آخَرَ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى عَلَى الْمَالِكِيِّينَ","vol":"4","page":399},{"text":"٦٦٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ فِي صَلَاةٍ مَا كَانَ يَعْمِدُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ» فَلَا يُشَبِّكُ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ \"","vol":"4","page":400},{"text":"٦٦٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وأَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ دَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي ثُمَامَةَ ⦗٤٠١⦘، أَنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ عُجْرَةَ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ أَحَدُكُمْ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَا يُشَبِّكَنَّ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ فِي صَلَاةٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ\n\n٦٦٠٩ - ورَوَاهُ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي ثُمَامَةَ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَأَنَا أُشَبِّكُ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِي. فَقَالَ لِي كَعْبُ بْنُ عُجْرَةَ: لَا تُشَبِّكْ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِكَ؛ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ نُشَبِّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِنَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي لَسْتُ فِي صَّلَاةٍ. قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ تَوَضَّأْتَ، وَخَرَجْتَ تُرِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ؟ فَأَنْتَ فِي صَلَاةٍ\n\n٦٦١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ: فَأُحِبُّ لَهُ فِي الْعَمْدِ لَهَا مِنَ الْوَقَارِ مِثْلَ مَا أُحِبُّ لَهُ فِيهَا","vol":"4","page":400},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-364>تَخَطِّي رِقَابِ النَّاسِ</span>","vol":"4","page":402},{"text":"٦٦١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَأَكْرَهُ تَخَطِّي رِقَابِ النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَذَى لَهُمْ وَسُوءِ الْأَدَبِ»\n\n٦٦١٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ مُرْسَلًا، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى رَجُلًا يَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اجْلِسْ، فَقَدْ آنَيْتَ وَآذَيْتَ».\n\n٦٦١٣ - قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا أُحِبُّ تَرْكَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَلِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَلَأَنْ أُصَلِّيَهَا بِظَهْرِ الْحَرَّةِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَ النَّاسِ»\n\n٦٦١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"4","page":402},{"text":"٦٦١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الصَّيْدَلَانِيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزَّاهِرِيَّةِ ⦗٤٠٣⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُسْرٍ: \" جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَ النَّاسِ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «اجْلِسْ، فَقَدْ آذَيْتَ وَآنَيْتَ» وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ","vol":"4","page":402},{"text":"٦٦١٥ - وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ الْحَسَنِ مُرْسَلًا، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَازِرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورٌ، ويُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا \" جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ، فَجَعَلَ يَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ قَالَ: «أَمَا جَمَّعْتَ يَا فُلَانُ؟» فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَمَا رَأَيْتَنِي جَمَّعْتُ مَعَكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «رَأَيْتُكَ آذَيْتَ وَآنَيْتَ»","vol":"4","page":403},{"text":"٦٦١٦ - وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «لَأَنْ يُصَلِّيَ أَحَدُكُمْ بِظَهْرِ الْحَرَّةِ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَقْعُدَ حَتَّى إِذَا قَامَ الْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ جَاءَ يَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَ النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ»","vol":"4","page":403},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-365>الرَّجُلُ يُقِيمُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>\n٦٦١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُوا فِي الْمَجَالِسِ فَافْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ، وَإِذَا قِيلَ انْشُزُوا فَانْشُزُوا﴾ [المجادلة: ١١]","vol":"4","page":404},{"text":"٦٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يُقِيمَنَّ أَحَدُكُمُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ، ثُمَّ يَخْلُفُهُ فِيهِ، وَلَكِنْ تَفَسَّحُوا وَتَوَسَّعُوا» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"4","page":404},{"text":"٦٦١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي مُحَمَّدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَعْمَدُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَيُقِيمَهُ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ، ثُمَّ يَقْعُدَ فِيهِ»","vol":"4","page":404},{"text":"٦٦٢٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا يُقِيمُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَلَكِنْ لِيَقُلْ: أَفْسِحُوا \"\n\n٦٦٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ جَابِرٍ مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٦٦٢٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا يُقِيمَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، ثُمَّ يُخَالِفُ إِلَى مَقْعَدِهِ فَيَقْعُدُ فِيهِ، وَلَكِنْ يَقُولُ: أَفْسِحُوا \"","vol":"4","page":405},{"text":"٦٦٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُهَيْلٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا قَامَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ»\n\n٦٦٢٤ - لَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَوْلَهُ: «يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»\n\n٦٦٢٥ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: «يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»","vol":"4","page":405},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-366>الِاحْتِبَاءُ وَالْإِمَامُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ</span>","vol":"4","page":406},{"text":"٦٦٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،  «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْتَبِي وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»\n\n٦٦٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ وَالتَّابِعِينَ،\n\n٦٦٢٨ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْحِبْوَةِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ\n\n٦٦٢٩ - فَهُوَ إِنْ ثَبَتَ فَلِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ اجْتِلَابِ النَّوْمِ وَتَعْرِيضِ الطَّهَارَةِ لِلِانْتِقَاضِ، فَإِذَا لَمْ يَخْشَ ذَلِكَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِالِاحْتِبَاءِ","vol":"4","page":406},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-367>النُّعَاسُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":407},{"text":"٦٦٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ  «إِذَا نَعَسَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْإِمَامُ يَخْطُبُ أَنْ يَتَحَوَّلَ مِنْهُ»\n\n٦٦٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَالْمَوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ","vol":"4","page":407},{"text":"٦٦٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سُهَيْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا نَعَسَ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَلْيَتَحَوَّلْ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ»\n\n٦٦٣٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"4","page":407},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-368>مَنْ أَسْمَعَ النَّاسَ تَكْبِيرَ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"4","page":408},{"text":"٦٦٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَلَا أَعْلَمُ التَّسْبِيحَ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ، وَالسَّلَامَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا مُحْدَثًا، وَلَا أَرَاهُ قَبِيحًا مَهْمَا أُحْدِثَ إِذَا كَبَّرَ النَّاسُ قَالَ: وَالْمُحْدَثَاتُ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ ضَرْبَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا مَا أُحْدِثَ مُخَالِفًا كِتَابًا أَوْ سُنَّةً أَوْ أَثَرًا أَوْ إِجْمَاعًا، فَهَذِهِ الْبِدْعَةُ الضَّلَالَةُ. وَالثَّانِيَةُ مَا أُحْدِثَ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ لَا خِلَافَ فِيهِ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذَا، وَهَذِهِ مُحْدَثَةٌ غَيْرُ مَذْمُومَةٍ\n\n٦٦٣٥ - وَقَدْ قَالَ عُمَرُ ﵁ فِي قِيَامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ: نِعْمَتِ الْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ يَعْنِي: أَنَّهَا مُحْدَثَةٌ لَمْ تَكُنْ وَإِذْ كَانَتْ فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا رَدٌّ لِمَا مَضَى\n\n٦٦٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مَرَضِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَصَلَاتِهِمْ خَلْفَهُ. قَالَ: وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُسْمِعُ النَّاسَ تَكْبِيرَهُ، فَصَارَ هَذَا أَصْلًا لِمَا أُحْدِثَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"4","page":408},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-369>الْإِمَامُ يَنْصَرِفُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَيَرْكَعُ فِيهِ أَوْ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَالتَّطَوُّعِ بِكَلَامٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"4","page":409},{"text":"٦٦٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخُوَارِ، أَنَّ نَافِعَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ أَرْسَلَهُ إِلَى السَّائِبِ ابْنِ أُخْتِ نَمِرٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ رَآهُ مِنْهُ مُعَاوِيَةٌ فِي الصَّلَاةِ. فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ الْجُمُعَةَ فِي الْمَقْصُورَةِ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ الْإِمَامُ قُمْتُ فِي مَقَامِي فَصَلَّيْتُ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: لَا تَعُدْ لِمَا فَعَلْتَ  «إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلَا تَصِلْهَا بِصَلَاةٍ حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَ أَوْ تَخْرُجَ؛ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ، أَنْ لَا تُوصَلَ صَلَاةٌ بِصَلَاةٍ حَتَّى نَتَكَلَّمَ أَوْ نَخْرُجَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ⦗٤١٠⦘\n\n٦٦٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ عِنْدَنَا وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ\n\n٦٦٣٩ - وَهَذَا فِي مِثْلِ مَا رُوِيَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ حِينَ أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ. فَقَالَ: «أَصَلَاتَانِ مَعًا؟»\n\n٦٦٤٠ - كَأَنَّهُ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَفْصِلَهَا مِنْهَا حَتَّى تَكُونَ الْمَكْتُوبَاتُ مُنْفَرِدَاتٍ مَعَ السَّلَامِ يَفْصِلُ بَعْدَ السَّلَامِ،\n\n٦٦٤١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اضْطَجَعَ بَعْدَ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ","vol":"4","page":409},{"text":"٦٦٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: قَرَأْنَا عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ إِذَا صَلَّى الْمَكْتُوبَةَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَنَفَّلَ بَعْدَهَا أَنْ لَا يَتَنَفَّلَ حَتَّى يَتَكَلَّمَ أَوْ يَتَقَدَّمَ، وَرُبَّمَا حَدَّثَهُ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ، ثُمَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَعْدَهَا فَلَا يُصَلِّي حَتَّى يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَكَلَّمَ»\n\n٦٦٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي تَطَوُّعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: وَكَانَ لَا يُصَلِّي بَعْدَ الْجُمُعَةِ حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفَ، فَيُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْتِهِ","vol":"4","page":410},{"text":"٦٦٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِيمَا قَرَأْنَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ، وَأَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمَهْرَانِيُّ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الْحَارِثِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٤١١⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مُصَلِّيًا فَلْيُصَلِّ بَعْدَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَرْبَعًا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"4","page":410},{"text":"٦٦٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ﵁ قَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مُصَلِّيًا بَعْدَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَلْيُصَلِّ بَعْدَهَا سِتَّ رَكَعَاتٍ»\n\n٦٦٤٦ - وَحَمَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجمعة: ١٠] عَلَى الْإِبَاحَةِ لِمَا كَانَ مَحْظُورًا عَلَيْهِمْ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩] الْآيَةَ\n\n٦٦٤٧ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَيْهِ: بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَدْخُلُ بَيْتَهُ بَعْدَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَيُصَلِّي فِيهِ\n\n٦٦٤٨ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ جَلَسَ بَعْدَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِوَفْدٍ قَدِمُوا، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّهُ انْتَشَرَ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِطَلَبِ تِجَارَةٍ بَعْدَ مُهَاجَرِهِ","vol":"4","page":411},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-370>بَابُ الْهَيْئَةِ لِلْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":412},{"text":"٦٦٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ \" رَأَى حُلَّةً سِيَرَاءَ عِنْدَ بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوِ اشْتَرَيْتَ هَذِهِ فَلَبِسْتَهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَلِلْوَفْدِ إِذَا قَدِمُوا عَلَيْكَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا يَلْبَسُ هَذِهِ مَنْ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ». ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهَا حُلَلٌ فَأَعْطَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْهَا حُلَّةً. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَسَوْتَنِيهَا وَقَدْ قُلْتَ فِي حُلَّةِ عُطَارِدَ مَا قُلْتَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنِّي لَمْ أَكْسُكَهَا لِتَلْبَسَهَا». فَكَسَاهَا عُمَرُ أَخًا لَهُ مُشْرِكًا بِمَكَّةَ \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":412},{"text":"٦٦٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ⦗٤١٣⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ السَّبَّاقِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي جُمُعَةٍ مِنَ الْجُمَعِ:  «يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمٌ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عِيدًا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَاغْتَسِلُوا، وَمَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ طِيبٌ فَلَا يَضُرُّهُ أَنْ يَمَسَّ مِنْهُ، وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالسِّوَاكِ»\n\n٦٦٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"4","page":412},{"text":"٦٦٥٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَلَا يَصِحُّ وَصْلُهُ، وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَدِيعَةَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنِ اغْتَسَلَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَتَطَهَّرَ بِمَا اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْ طُهْرٍ، ثُمَّ ادَّهَنَ، أَوْ مَسَّ مِنْ طِيبٍ، ثُمَّ رَاحَ فَلَمْ يُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَصَلَّى مَا كُتِبَ لَهُ، ثُمَّ إِذَا خَرَجَ الْإِمَامُ أَنْصَتَ لَهُ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجُمُعَةِ الْأُخْرَى» ⦗٤١٤⦘\n\n٦٦٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَبَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"4","page":413},{"text":"٦٦٥٤ - ورَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ اغْتَسَلَ الرَّجُلُ وَغَسَلَ رَأْسَهُ، ثُمَّ تَطَيَّبَ مِنْ أَطْيَبِ طِيبِهِ، وَلَبِسَ مِنْ صَالِحِ ثِيَابِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَمَعَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ وَزِيَادَةُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ»\n\n٦٦٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ بْنُ الْحَمَّامِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الْأُوَيْسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٦٥٦ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ","vol":"4","page":414},{"text":"٦٦٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنِ اغْتَسَلَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَاسْتَاكَ وَلَبِسَ أَحْسَنَ ثِيَابِهِ، وَتَطَيَّبَ بِطِيبٍ إِنْ وَجَدَهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ وَلَمْ ⦗٤١٥⦘ يَتَخَطَّ النَّاسَ فَصَلَّى مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ الْإِمَامُ سَكَتَ، فَذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةٌ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ الْأُخْرَى»\n\n٦٦٥٨ - تَابَعَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ\n\n٦٦٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُقَلِّمُ أَظْفَارَهُ، وَيَقُصُّ شَارِبَهُ كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ","vol":"4","page":414},{"text":"٦٦٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَأُحِبُّ لِلْإِمَامِ مِنْ حُسْنِ الْهَيْئَةِ مَا أُحِبُّ لِلنَّاسِ، وَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ،\n\n٦٦٦١ - وَأُحِبُّ لَوِ اعْتَمَّ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُقَالُ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَعْتَمُّ، وَلَوِ ارْتَدَى بِبُرْدٍ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقَالُ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَرْتَدِيَ بِبُرْدٍ، وَكَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ \"","vol":"4","page":415},{"text":"٦٦٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ مُسَاوِرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «خَطَبَ النَّاسَ وَعَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى\n\n٦٦٦٣ - ورَوَاهُ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ مُسَاوِرٍ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «قَدْ أَرْخَى طَرَفَيْهَا بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ»","vol":"4","page":415},{"text":"٦٦٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الزَّاهِدُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «كَانَ للنَّبِيِّ ﷺ بُرْدٌ يَلْبَسُهَا فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ وَالْجُمُعَةِ»","vol":"4","page":416},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-371>التَّشْدِيدُ فِي تَرْكِ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":417},{"text":"٦٦٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ تَرَكَ الْجُمُعَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ كُتِبَ مُنَافِقًا فِي كِتَابٍ لَا يُمْحَى وَلَا يُبَدَّلُ»\n\n٦٦٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي بَعْضِ الْحَدِيثِ ثَلَاثًا، وَلَاءً","vol":"4","page":417},{"text":"٦٦٦٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ الضَّمَرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا يَتْرُكُ أَحَدٌ الْجُمُعَةَ ثَلَاثًا تَهَاوُنًا بِهَا إِلَّا طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ» ⦗٤١٨⦘\n\n٦٦٦٨ - تَابَعَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ويَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ وغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو","vol":"4","page":417},{"text":"٦٦٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ قَالَ:  «لَا يَتْرُكُ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ الْجُمُعَةَ ثَلَاثًا تَهَاوُنًا بِهَا لَا يَشْهَدُهَا، إِلَّا كُتِبَ مِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ»\n\n٦٦٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: حُضُورُ الْجُمُعَةِ فَرْضٌ، فَمَنْ تَرَكَ الْفَرْضَ تَهَاوُنًا كَانَ قَدْ تَعَرَّضَ شَرًّا إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُوَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ","vol":"4","page":418},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-372>مَا يُؤْمَرُ بِهِ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَيَوْمِهَا</span>","vol":"4","page":419},{"text":"٦٦٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَكْثِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيَّ فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَإِنِّي أُبَلَّغُ وَأَسْمَعُ». قَالَ: \" وَتُضَعَّفُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ، وَلَيْسَ مِمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ يَعْنِي: غَيْرَ ذِي رُوحٍ إِلَّا وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ لِلَّهِ فِي عَشِيَّةِ الْخَمِيسِ لِلَيْلَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَإِذَا أَصْبَحُوا فَلَيْسَ مِنْ ذِي رُوحٍ إِلَّا وَرُوحُهُ فِي حَنْجَرَتِهِ مَخَافَةً إِلَى أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ، فَإِذَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَمِنَتِ الدَّوَابُّ وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ فَزِعًا مِنْهَا غَيْرَ الثَّقَلَيْنِ \"\n\n٦٦٧٢ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَقْرَبُكُمْ مِنِّي فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَكْثَرُكُمْ صَلَاةً عَلَيَّ، فَأَكْثِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيَّ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الْغَرَّاءِ، وَالْيَوْمِ الْأَزْهَرِ»\n\n٦٦٧٣ - يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: أَقْرَبُكُمْ مِنِّي.\n\n٦٦٧٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَرْفُوعًا ⦗٤٢٠⦘\n\n٦٦٧٥ - وَأَمَّا الصَّلَاةُ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الْغَرَّاءِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْأَزْهَرِ، فَإِنَّمَا بَلَغَنَا بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَدْ خَرَّجْنَاهُمَا فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ","vol":"4","page":419},{"text":"٦٦٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ وَلَيْلَةُ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَأَكْثِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيَّ»","vol":"4","page":420},{"text":"٦٦٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَكْثِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيَّ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ»\n\n٦٦٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ مَنْ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْكَهْفِ وُقِيَ فِتْنَةَ الدَّجَّالِ\n\n٦٦٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ كَثْرَةَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي كُلِّ حَالٍ، وَأَمَّا فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَلَيْلَتِهَا أَشَدُّ اسْتِحْبَابًا، وَأُحِبُّ قِرَاءَةَ الْكَهْفِ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَيَوْمَهَا لِمَا جَاءَ فِيهَا","vol":"4","page":420},{"text":"٦٦٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ فِي فَضْلِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَيَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَحَادِيثُ، وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهَا حَدِيثُ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ ⦗٤٢١⦘، عَنْ أَوْسِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «إِنَّ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ أَيَّامِكُمْ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ؛ فِيهِ خُلِقَ آدَمُ، وَفِيهِ قُبِضَ، وَفِيهِ النَّفْخَةُ، وَفِيهِ الصَّعْقَةُ؛ فَأَكْثِرُوا عَلَيَّ الصَّلَاةَ فِيهِ؛ فَإِنَّ صَلَاتَكُمْ مَعْرُوضَةٌ عَلَيَّ». قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَكَيْفَ تُعْرَضُ صَلَوَاتُنَا عَلَيْكَ وَقَدْ أَرِمْتَ؟ يَقُولُونَ: قَدْ بَلِيتَ. قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ أَجْسَادَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ»\n\n٦٦٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحَارِثِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٦٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ «السُّنَنِ» قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ: أَنْ تَأْكُلَ","vol":"4","page":420},{"text":"٦٦٨٣ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ حَفِظَ عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِ سُورَةِ الْكَهْفِ عُصِمَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ»\n\n٦٦٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ مَعْدَانَ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٤٢٢⦘.\n\n٦٦٨٥ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامٍ، وَهِشَامٍ هَكَذَا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَقَالَ: مِنْ آخِرِ الْكَهْفِ\n\n٦٦٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْكَهْفِ فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، أَضَاءَ لَهُ مِنَ النُّورِ مَا بَيْنَ الْجُمُعَتَيْنِ»","vol":"4","page":421},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-373>مَا جَاءَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"4","page":423},{"text":"٦٦٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" ذَكَرَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَقَالَ: «فِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا إِنْسَانٌ مُسْلِمٌ، وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ» وَأَشَارَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ يُقَلِّلُهَا. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"4","page":423},{"text":"٦٦٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «خَيْرُ يَوْمٍ طَلَعَتْ فِيهِ الشَّمْسُ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ؛ فِيهِ خُلِقَ آدَمُ وَفِيهِ أُهْبِطَ، وَفِيهِ تِيبَ عَلَيْهِ، وَفِيهِ مَاتَ، وَفِيهِ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ. وَمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ إِلَّا وَهِيَ مُصِيخَةٌ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ مِنْ حِينَ تُصْبِحُ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ شَفَقًا مِنَ السَّاعَةِ إِلَّا الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُصَادِفُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ» قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ: هِيَ آخِرُ سَاعَةٍ فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ. فَقُلْتُ: وَكَيْفَ تَكُونُ آخِرُ سَاعَةٍ وَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا يُصَادِفُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ، وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي». قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى. قَالَ: فَهُوَ ذَلِكَ \"","vol":"4","page":424},{"text":"٦٦٨٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: \" يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَخْبِرْنَا عَنِ الْجُمُعَةِ مَاذَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْخَيْرِ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" فِيهَا خَمْسُ خِلَالٍ: فِيهِ خُلِقَ آدَمُ، وَفِيهِ أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، وَفِيهِ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ آدَمَ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْعَبْدُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا آتَاهُ إِيَّاهُ مَا لَمْ يَسْأَلْ مَأْثَمًا أَوْ قَطِيعَةَ رَحِمٍ، وَفِيهِ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ، وَمَا مِنْ مَلَكٍ مُقَرَّبٍ وَلَا سَمَاءٍ وَلَا أَرْضٍ وَلَا جَبَلٍ إِلَّا وَهُوَ مُشْفِقٌ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ \"","vol":"4","page":425},{"text":"٦٦٩٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ أَتَى جِبْرِيلُ بِمِرْآةٍ بَيْضَاءَ فِيهَا وَكْتَةٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَا هَذِهِ؟» فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ الْجُمُعَةُ فُضِّلْتَ بِهَا أَنْتَ وَأُمَّتُكَ فَالنَّاسُ لَكُمْ فِيهَا تَبَعٌ الْيَهُودُ، وَالنَّصَارَى وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ وَفِيهَا سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا مُؤْمِنٌ يَدْعُو اللَّهَ بِخَيْرٍ إِلَّا اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَنَا يَوْمُ الْمَزِيدِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «يَا جِبْرِيلُ وَمَا يَوْمُ الْمَزِيدِ؟» فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَبَّكَ اتَّخَذَ فِي الْفِرْدَوْسِ وَادِيًا أَفْيَحَ فِيهِ كُثُبُ مِسْكٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎ مَا شَاءَ مِنْ مَلَائِكَتِهِ وَحَوْلَهُ مَنَابِرُ مِنْ نُورٍ عَلَيْهَا مَقَاعِدُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَيَحُفُّ تِلْكَ الْمَنَابِرَ بِمَنَابِرَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مُكَلَّلَةٍ بِالْيَاقُوتِ وَالزَّبَرْجَدِ عَلَيْهَا الشُّهَدَاءُ وَالصِّدِّيقُونَ فَجَلَسُوا مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْكُثُبِ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: «أَنَا رَبُّكُمْ قَدْ صَدَقْتُمْ وَعْدِي فَسَلُونِي أُعْطِكُمْ» فَيَقُولُونَ: رَبَّنَا نَسْأَلُكَ رِضْوَانَكَ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: «قَدْ رَضِيتُ عَنْكُمْ وَلَكُمْ مَا تَمَنَّيْتُمْ وَلَدَيَّ مَزِيدٌ» فَهُمْ يُحِبُّونَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِمَا يُعْطِيهِمْ فِيهِ رَبُّهُمْ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَهُوَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي اسْتَوَى فِيهِ رَبُّكَ تَبَارَكَ اسْمُهُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ وَفِيهِ خُلِقَ آدَمُ وَفِيهِ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ\n\n٦٦٩١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عِمْرَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ شَبِيهًا بِهِ وَزَادَ عَلَيْهِ: «وَلَكُمْ فِيهِ خَيْرٌ، مَنْ دَعَا فِيهِ بِخَيْرٍ هُوَ لَهُ قَسْمٌ أُعْطِيَهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ قَسْمٌ ذُخِرَ لَهُ مَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ». وَزَادَ أَيْضًا فِيهِ أَشْيَاءَ","vol":"4","page":426},{"text":"٦٦٩٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «سَيِّدُ الْأَيَّامِ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ»","vol":"4","page":426},{"text":"٦٦٩٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، أَنَّ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ:  «أَحَبُّ الْأَيَّامِ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَمُوتَ فِيهِ ضُحَى يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ»\n\n٦٦٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذِهِ الْآثَارُ قَدْ رَوَاهَا أَيْضًا غَيْرُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَمْ يَنْفَرِدْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِمُنْكَرٍ حَتَّى مَا رَوَى عَنْ ثِقَةٍ، وَكَانَ الرَّاوِي عَنْهُ غَيْرَ ثِقَةٍ\n\n٦٦٩٥ - كَذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ عَنْهُ وَقَوْلُهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «وَهُوَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي اسْتَوَى فِيهِ رَبُّكَ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ» يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: وَهُوَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ فِي الْعَرْشِ فِعْلًا سَمَّاهُ اسْتِوَاءً.\n\n٦٦٩٦ - وَقَدْ حَكَيْنَا فِيهِ قَوْلَ السَّلَفِ وَالْخَلَفِ فِي كِتَابِ الْأَسْمَاءِ وَالصِّفَاتِ","vol":"4","page":427},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-374>٥ - كِتَابُ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ</span>\nأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، ﵀ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ","vol":"5","page":9},{"text":"مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا﴾ [النساء: ١٠٣] وَبَيَّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ اللَّهِ تِلْكَ الْمَوَاقِيتِ، وَصَلَّى الصَّلَوَاتِ لِوَقْتِهَا","vol":"5","page":10},{"text":"فَحُوصِرَ يَوْمَ الْأَحْزَابِ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ فِي وَقْتِهَا، وَأَخَّرَهَا لِلْعُذْرِ، حَتَّى صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ فِي مَقَامٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَفِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللَّهُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ: ﴿فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٩]، وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي أَوَّلِ كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ \" قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَبَيَّنَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي ذُكِرَتْ فِيهَا صَلَاةُ الْحَرْبِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إنْ خِفْتُمْ أنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٠١] الْآيَةَ. وَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُوا فَلْيَكُونُوا مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى لَمْ يُصَلُّوا فَلْيُصَلُّوا مَعَكَ﴾ [النساء: ١٠٢]. وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَنَسَخَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى تَأْخِيرَ الصَّلَاةِ عَنْ وَقْتِهَا فِي الْخَوْفِ بِأَنْ يُصَلُّوهَا كَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ، وَسَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي وَقْتِهَا، وَنَسَخَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُنَّتَهُ فِي تَأْخِيرِهَا بِفَرْضِ اللَّهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ، ثُمَّ سُنَّتِهِ حِينَ صَلَّاهَا فِي وَقْتِهَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَلَى مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَاصَّةً: «إِذَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ عَامٌّ إِلَّا بِدَلَالَةٍ لَا يَكُونُ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ خَاصًّا، حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنَا الدَّلَالَةُ فِي كِتَابٍ أَوْ سُنَّةٍ أَوْ إجْمَاعٍ أَنَّهُ خَاصٌّ، وَيُكْتَفَى بِالْحَدِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ»","vol":"5","page":11},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَا بِهَذَا الْكَلَامِ الْأَخِيرِ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"5","page":12},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-375>كَيْفَ صَلَاةُ الْخَوْفِ إِذَا كَانَ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَةِ الْقِبْلَةِ، أَوْ جَهَتِهَا غَيْرَ مَأْمُونِينَ</span>","vol":"5","page":13},{"text":"٦٧٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ عَنْ مَنْ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ ذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ: «أَنَّ طَائِفَةً ⦗١٤⦘ صَفَّتْ مَعَهُ، وَطَائِفَةً وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ، فَصَلَّى بِالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ قَائِمًا، وَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا فَصَفُّوا وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ، وَجَاءَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى، فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي بَقِيَتْ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ، ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ جَالِسًا وَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بِهِمْ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٦٧٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ\n\n٦٧٠٤ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْبَاقِينَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، يَذْكُرُ عَنْ أَخِيهِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٦٧٠٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْأُوَيْسِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَكَذَا مَوْصُولًا\n\n٦٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗١٥⦘ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأُوَيْسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيُّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ قَامُوا فَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ» لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَهُ: ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بِهِمْ وَزَادَ: قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ\n\n٦٧٠٧ - قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: «مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ شَيْئًا أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ هَذَا»\n\n٦٧٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٦٧٠٩ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، كَمَا قَالَ الْعُمَرِيُّ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ سَهْلٍ، كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ","vol":"5","page":13},{"text":"٦٧١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، وَحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، وَعِمْرَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «صَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ فِي خَوْفٍ فَجَعَلَهُمْ خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ، فَصَلَّى بِالَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ قَائِمًا حَتَّى صَلَّى الَّذِينَ خَلْفَهُ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمُوا وَتَأَخَّرَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا قَدْ أَمَّهُمْ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَعَدَ حَتَّى صَلَّى الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، دُونَ سِيَاقِ مَتْنِهِ ⦗١٦⦘\n\n٦٧١١ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، مِنْ فَتْوَاهُ بِمَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي وَقْتِ سَلَامِ الْإِمَامِ، فَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى: «ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ، فَيَقُومُونَ فَيَرْكَعُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُونَ»، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى: «ثُمَّ قَامُوا فَقَضَوْا تِلْكَ الرَّكْعَةَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ الْإِمَامُ»\n\n٦٧١٢ - وَهَذَا أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ صَحِيحًا لِمُوَافَقَتِهِ رِوَايَةَ مَنْ رَوَاهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":15},{"text":"٦٧١٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَكَانَ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَقُومُ الْإِمَامُ، وَيُصَفُّ خَلْفَهُ صَفٌّ، وَطَائِفَةٌ تُوَازِي الْعَدُوَّ، فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، فَإِذَا صَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، قَامَ الْإِمَامُ، وَقَامَ الَّذِينَ وَرَاءَهُ فَصَلُّوا رَكْعَةً عَلَى حِدَتِهِمْ، وَالْإِمَامُ ⦗١٧⦘ قَائِمٌ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى مَصَافِّ أُولَئِكَ وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ وَقَامُوا وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ قَامُوا فَقَضَوْا تِلْكَ الرَّكْعَةَ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ الْإِمَامُ»\n\n٦٧١٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَمَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"5","page":16},{"text":"٦٧١٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ وَحْدَهُ فَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ: «أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ أَنْ يَقُومَ الْإِمَامُ وَمَعَهُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَطَائِفَةٌ مُوَاجِهَةُ الْعَدُوِّ، فَيَرْكَعُ الْإِمَامُ رَكْعَةً، وَيَسْجُدُ بِالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ، فَإِذَا اسْتَوَى قَائِمًا ثَبَتَ، وَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمُوا وَانْصَرَفُوا وَالْإِمَامُ قَائِمٌ وَكَانُوا وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ، ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ الْآخَرُونَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُسَلِّمُوا، فَيُكَبِّرُونَ وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ فَيَرْكَعُ بِهِمْ وَيَسْجُدُ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ وَيَقُومُونَ فَيَرْكَعُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الْبَاقِيَةَ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُونَ»\n\n٦٧١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗١٨⦘\n\n٦٧١٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ سَلَامَ الْإِمَامِ\n\n٦٧١٨ - وَعَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ مَنْ تَرَكَ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ سَلَامِ الْإِمَامِ، وَأَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ يَزِيدَ مَرْفُوعٌ، وَقَوْلُ سَهْلٍ مَوْقُوفٌ،\n\n٦٧١٩ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِيهِ أَنَّ الرِّوَايَةَ فِيهِ عَنْ. سَهْلٍ مُتَعَارِضَةً، فَقَوْلُهُ الَّذِي يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَتَهُ، وَرِوَايَةُ غَيْرِهِ أَوْلَى","vol":"5","page":17},{"text":"٦٧٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحُفِظَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ  «صَلَّى صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ لَيْلَةَ الْهُدَيْرِ» كَمَا رَوَى صَالِحُ بْنُ خَوَّاتٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَكَانَ خَوَّاتٌ مُتَقَدِّمَ الصُّحْبَةِ وَالسِّنِّ","vol":"5","page":18},{"text":"٦٧٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى ابْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ شَيْئًا خَالَفَ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ ⦗١٩⦘،\n\n٦٧٢٢ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ قَالَ: «يَتَقَدَّمُ الْإِمَامُ وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمُ الْإِمَامُ رَكْعَةً، وَتَكُونُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْعَدُوِّ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا، فَإِذَا صَلَّى الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً اسْتَأْخَرُوا مَكَانَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا وَلَا يُسَلِّمُونَ، وَيَتَقَدَّمُ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا فَيُصَلُّونَ مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ الْإِمَامُ، وَقَدْ صَلَّى، وَقَدْ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَتَقُومُ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ، فَيُصَلُّونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً رَكْعَةً بَعْدَ أَنْ يَنْصَرِفَ الْإِمَامُ، فَيَكُونُ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ قَدْ صَلُّوا رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَ خَوْفًا هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ صَلُّوا رِجَالًا قِيَامًا عَلَى أَقْدَامِهِمْ أَوْ رُكْبَانًا مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْقِبْلَةَ أَوْ غَيْرِ مُسْتَقْبِلِيهَا» قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَالَ نَافِعٌ: لَا أَرَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ إِلَّا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":18},{"text":"٦٧٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أُرَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ فَقَالَ:  «فَإِنْ كَانَ خَوْفٌ أَشَدُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ صَلُّوا رِجَالًا وَرُكْبَانًا مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْقِبْلَةَ، أَوْ غَيْرِ مُسْتَقْبِلِيهَا»\n\n٦٧٢٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَأَنَّهُ مَرْفُوعٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ ⦗٢٠⦘ مَعْنَاهُ، وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ أَنَّهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَأَنَّهُ مَرْفُوعٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n٦٧٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: «هَكَذَا رَوَاهُمَا فِي كِتَابِ» الرِّسَالَةِ الْجَدِيدَةِ «وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ دُونَ صَلَاةِ شِدَّةِ الْخَوْفِ»\n\n٦٧٢٦ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، وَمَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، وَفُلَيْحُ ⦗٢١⦘ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ بِمَعْنَاهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":19},{"text":"٦٧٢٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ فِي بَعْضِ أَيَّامِهِ، فَقَامَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مَعَهُ، وَطَائِفَةٌ بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَصَلَّى بِالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ ذَهَبُوا، وَجَاءَ الْآخَرُونَ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ قَضَتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ رَكْعَةً رَكْعَةً» قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: فَإِذَا كَانَ خَوْفٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَصَلِّ رَاكِبًا أَوْ قَائِمًا تُومِئُ إِيمَاءً\n\n٦٧٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُوسَى، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"5","page":21},{"text":"٦٧٢٩ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ:  «غَزَوْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ غَزْوَةً قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ»\n\n٦٧٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: \" فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: كَيْفَ أَخَذْتَ بِحَدِيثِ خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ دُونَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ \"؟\n\n٦٧٣١ - قِيلَ: \" لِمَعْنَيَيْنِ، مُوَافَقَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَأَنَّ مَعْقُولًا فِيهِ أَنَّهُ عَدَلَ بَيْنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ، وَأُخْرَى: أَنْ لَا يُصِيبَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ غِرَّةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ ⦗٢٢⦘. وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: كَانَ صَحِيحَ الْإِسْنَادِ - يَعْنِي حَدِيثَ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ - وَوَجَدْنَاهُ أَشْبَهَ الْأَقَاوِيلِ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِذَا زَعَمْنَا أَنَّ عَلَى الْمَأْمُومِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَمَا هُمَا عَلَى الْإِمَامِ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللَّهُ وَاحِدَةً مِنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ يَقْضِي وَلَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ نَسِيًّا «\n\n٦٧٣٢ - وَوَجَدْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَهُوَ أَلْزَمُ شَيْءٍ لِلنَّبِيِّ» ﷺ فِي حُرُوبِهِ، صَلَّى صَلَاةً تُشْبِهُ قَوْلَنَا، وَلَمْ نَجِدْ صَلَاةً أَمْنَعَ لِغِرَّةِ الْعَدُوِّ مِنْ هَذِهِ \"\n\n٦٧٣٣ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ وَقَالَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَقَالَ سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ بِقَرِيبٍ مِنْ مَعْنَاهُ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ: فَهَلْ لِلْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي تَرَكْتُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ غَيْرِ مَا وَصَفْتُ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَمَّا جَازَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ عَلَى خِلَافِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي غَيْرِ الْخَوْفِ جَازَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يُصَلُّوهَا كَيْفَ تَيَسَّرَ لَهُمْ وَبِقَدْرِ حَالَاتِهِمْ وَحَالَاتِ الْعَدُوِّ، وَإِذَا أَكْمَلُوا الْعَدَدَ فَاخْتَلَفَتْ صَلَاتُهُمْ، وَكُلُّهَا مُجْزِيَةٌ عَنْهُمْ \"\n\n٦٧٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ الْأُولَى فَالشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي مُتَابَعَةِ الْحَدِيثِ إِذَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَكَانَ لَهُ وَجْهُ اتِّبَاعٍ \"","vol":"5","page":21},{"text":"٦٧٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثٌ، لَا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِثْلَهُ -: «إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى بِذِي قَرَدٍ بِطَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ سَلَّمُوا، وَبِطَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ سَلَّمُوا فَكَانَتْ لِلْإِمَامِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ رَكْعَةً»\n\n٦٧٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَاهُ لِأَنَّ جَمِيعَ الْأَحَادِيثِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ مُجْتَمِعَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَى الْمَأْمُومِينَ مِنْ عَدَدِ الصَّلَاةِ مَا عَلَى الْإِمَامِ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَصْلُ الْفَرْضِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَاحِدٌ فِي الْعَدَدِ، ولِأَنَّهُ لَا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَنَا مِثْلَهُ بِشَيْءٍ فِي بَعْضِ إِسْنَادِهِ»","vol":"5","page":22},{"text":"٦٧٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٢٣⦘ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ زَهْدَمٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بِطَبَرِسْتَانَ فَقَالَ: \" أَيُّكُمْ صَلَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ؟ فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: أَنَا، فَقَامُ حُذَيْفَةُ وَصَفَّ النَّاسُ خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ صَفًّا خَلْفَهُ، وَصَفًّا مُوَازِي الْعَدُوَّ، فَصَلَّى بِالَّذِينَ خَلْفَهُ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَكَانِ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، وَلَمْ يَقْضُوا \"","vol":"5","page":22},{"text":"٦٧٣٨ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى بِذِي قَرَدٍ مِثْلَ صَلَاةِ حُذَيْفَةَ» ⦗٢٤⦘\n\n٦٧٣٩ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَحَدَّثَنِي الرُّكَيْنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ صَلَاةِ حُذَيْفَةَ.\n\n٦٧٤٠ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَحَدَّثَنِي سَالِمٌ الْأَفْطَسُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: كَيْفَ يَكُونُ قَصْرٌ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ؟ إِنَّمَا هِيَ رَكْعَةٌ رَكْعَةٌ","vol":"5","page":23},{"text":"٦٧٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهَا رَكْعَةٌ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «فَرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷿ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّكُمْ ﷺ فِي الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعًا، وَفِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَفِي الْخَوْفِ رَكْعَةً» ⦗٢٥⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ،\n\n٦٧٤٢ - وَرِوَايَةُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ هَذِهِ قَدْ دَخَلَهَا الْخُصُوصُ بِرِوَايَتِهِ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ بِذِي قَرَدٍ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّاهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَكَانَتْ لَهُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَلِكُلِّ طَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَةٌ، فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِمَا قَالَ الْمَأْمُومَ دُونَ الْإِمَامِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ رَكْعَةً يَفْعَلُهَا مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، وَرَكْعَةً يَنْفَرِدُ بِهَا لِيَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِسَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ الصَّحِيحَةِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ» وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ، وَرَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَهُوَ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِرَاوِيَةِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ، وَيَكُونُ قَوْلُهُ وَصَفًّا مُوَازِي الْعَدُوَّ، وَأَرَادَ بِهِ فِي حَالَةِ الْحِرَاسَةِ عِنْدَ سُجُودِ الْإِمَامِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ أَرَادَ بِهِ تَقْدِيمَ الصَّفِّ الْمُؤَخَّرِ وَتَأَخُّرَ الصَّفِّ الْأَوَّلِ، كَمَا هُوَ فِي حَدِيثِ صَلَاتِهِ بِعُسْفَانَ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ أَيْضًا بِحَدِيثِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ\n\n٦٧٤٣ - وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجِ الْبُخَارِيُّ، ولَا مُسْلِمٌ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٦٧٤٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ، فَكَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، بِحَيْثُ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٢٦⦘ وَأَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِأَنْ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ كَانَ لَيْسَ بِالْحَافِظِ، وَسُلَيْمُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِمَّنْ سَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ مَجْهُولٌ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ رِوَايَةَ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَشُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ خِلَافَ رِوَايَتِه\n\n٦٧٤٥ - ِ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فِي قِصَّةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ مِثْلَ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِرَاوِيَةِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ مَا هُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجِ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَلَا مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ\n\n٦٧٤٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ، وَفِيهَا أَنَّ الطَّائِفَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ قَضَتِ الرَّكْعَةَ الْأُولَى عِنْدَ مَجِيئِهَا، ثُمَّ صَلَّتِ الْأُخْرَى مَعَ الْإِمَامِ، ثُمَّ قَضَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُولَى الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، ثُمَّ كَانَ السَّلَامُ. وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: إِنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ نَجْدٍ \"\n\n٦٧٤٧ - وَرَوَى ابْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةِ خِلَافَ ذَلِكَ، فَصَارَتِ الرِّوَايَتَانِ مُتَعَارِضَتَيْنِ، وَرَجَّحَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ إِسْنَادَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَأَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، دُونَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ فِيهِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ. وَرَوَى خُصَيْفٌ الْجَزَرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَبَّرَ بِالصَّفَّيْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَأَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا قَضَى رَكْعَتَهُ بَعْدَ سَلَامِهِ مُنَاوَبَةً ⦗٢٧⦘.\n\n٦٧٤٨ - وَخُصَيْفٌ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ\n\n٦٧٤٩ - وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِيهِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلْتَأْتِ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى لَمْ يُصَلُّوا فَلْيُصَلُّوا مَعَكَ﴾ [النساء: ١٠٢]. فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا رُوِيَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَحَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ بِخِلَافِ الْآيَةِ. وَرَوَى يَزِيدُ الْفَقِيرُ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْئًا يُشْبِهُ حَدِيثَ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ زَهْدَمٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ،\n\n٦٧٥٠ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ الْفَقِيرِ: إِنَّهُمْ قَضَوْا رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى\n\n٦٧٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالثَّابِتُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَ صَلَاتِهِ بِعُسْفَانَ، وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"5","page":24},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-376>كَيْفِيَّةُ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ إِذَا كَانَ الْعَدُوُّ وِجَاهَ الْقِبْلَةِ فِي صَحْرَاءَ لَا يُوازِيهِمْ شَيْءٌ فِي قِلَّةٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَكَثْرَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ</span>","vol":"5","page":28},{"text":"٦٧٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ قَالَ: \" كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ، وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، فَصَلَّيْنَا الظُّهْرَ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ: لَقَدْ أَصَبْنَا غِرَّةً، لَقَدْ أَصَبْنَا غَفْلَةً، لَوْ كُنَّا حَمَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْقَصْرِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْعَصْرُ «قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ أَمَامَهُ، فَصَفَّ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفٌّ، وَصَفَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الصَّفُّ صَفٌّ آخَرُ، فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ، وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى هَؤُلَاءِ السَّاجِدُونَ وَقَامُوا سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا خَلْفَهُمْ، ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ إِلَى مَقَامِ الْآخَرِينَ ⦗٢٩⦘، وَتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الْأَخِيرُ إِلَى مَقَامِ الصَّفِّ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ، وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسُوا جَمِيعًا، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعًا، فَصَلَّاهَا بِعُسْفَانَ، وَصَلَّاهَا يَوْمَ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ»\n\n٦٧٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يَشُكُّ فِي حَدِيثِ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ.\n\n٦٧٥٤ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَيَّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيُّ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ، وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَبَيَّنَ فِيهِ سَمَاعَ مُجَاهِدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ\n\n٦٧٥٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"5","page":28},{"text":"٦٧٥٦ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِأَصْحَابِهِ الظُّهْرَ بِنَخْلٍ، فَهَمَّ بِهِ الْمُشْرِكُونِ، ثُمَّ قَالُوا: دَعُوهُمْ فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ صَلَاةً بَعْدَ هَذِهِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ قَالَ: فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَصَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ الْعَصْرَ فَصَفَّهُمْ صَفَّيْنِ، رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ، وَالْعَدُوُّ ⦗٣٠⦘ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ، وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ، فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَتَأَخَّرَ هَؤُلَاءِ، فَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا، وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ، فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ \" هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَقَدِ اسْتَشْهَدَ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةَ قَالَ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْمًا مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ - وَلَمْ يَقُلْ بِنَخْلٍ - وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ - فَلَمَّا سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الثَّانِي ثُمَّ جَلَسُوا جَمِيعًا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٦٧٥٧ - قَالَ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ: ثُمَّ خَصَّ جَابِرٌ أَنْ قَالَ: كَمَا يُصَلِّي أُمَرَاؤُكُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ.\n\n٦٧٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: صَلَاةُ الْخَوْفِ نَحْوٌ مِمَّا يَصْنَعُ أُمَرَاؤُكُمْ - «يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - هَكَذَا»","vol":"5","page":29},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-377>الْإِمَامُ يُصَلِّي بِكُلِّ طَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَيُسَلِّمُ</span>","vol":"5","page":31},{"text":"٦٧٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، أَوْ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ:  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ فِي الْخَوْفِ بِبَطْنِ نَخْلٍ، فَصَلَّى بِطَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ» قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ.\n\n٦٧٦٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَشْعَثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَأَبُو حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَسَمَاعُ الْحَسَنِ، مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ صَحِيحٌ","vol":"5","page":31},{"text":"٦٧٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَشْعَثُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ: \" صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي خَوْفٍ: الظُّهْرَ، فَصَفَّ بَعْضُهُمْ خَلْفَهُ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، فَانْطَلَقَ الَّذِينَ صَلُّوا مَعَهُ فَوَقَفُوا مَوْقِفَ أَصْحَابِهِمْ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ أُولَئِكَ فَصَلُّوا خَلْفَهُ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعًا، وَلِأَصْحَابِهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ «\n\n٦٧٦٢ - وَبِذَلِكَ كَانَ يُفْتِي الْحَسَنُ\n\n٦٧٦٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ يَكُونُ لِلْإِمَامِ سِتَّ رَكَعَاتٍ، وَلِلْقَوْمِ ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا، وَهَذَا أَظُنُّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْأَشْعَثَ\n\n٦٧٦٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ الْبَكْرَاوِيُّ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ،» وَالصَّحِيحُ هُوَ الْأَوَّلُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ \"\n\n٦٧٦٥ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ - يَعْنِي - فِي غَيْرِ الْمَغْرِبِ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٦٧٦٦ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ الْيَشْكُرِيُّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣٣⦘\n\n٦٧٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: \" وَمَنِ ادَّعَى أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ حِينَ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ فَرِيضَةَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْيَوْمِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، كِلَاهُمَا عَلَى وَجْهِ الْفَرْضِ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا نُسِخَ ذَلِكَ صَارَ هَذَا أَيْضًا مَنْسُوخًا، فَقَدِ ادَّعَى مَا لَا يُعْرَفُ كَوْنُهُ قَطُّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: لَا تُصَلُّوا صَلَاةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ. فِي صِحَّتِهِ نَظَرٌ، وَقَدْ أَجَبْنَا عَنْهُ فِي بَابِ: «اخْتِلَافُ نِيَّةِ الْإِمَامِ وَالْمَأْمُومِ»","vol":"5","page":32},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-378>صَلَاةُ شِدَّةِ الْخَوْفِ</span>","vol":"5","page":34},{"text":"٦٧٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ قَالَ: \" يَتَقَدَّمُ الْإِمَامُ وَطَائِفَةٌ، ثُمَّ قَصَّ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَإِنْ كَانَ خَوْفٌ أَشَدُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ صَلُّوا رِجَالًا وَرُكْبَانًا مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْقِبْلَةَ، وَغَيْرَ مُسْتَقْبِلِيهَا \" ⦗٣٥⦘\n\n٦٧٦٩ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَالَ نَافِعٌ: لَا أَرَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٦٧٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مَرْفُوعًا مِنْ جِهَةِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ»","vol":"5","page":34},{"text":"٦٧٧١ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعِيشَ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ بِحَلَبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: إِذَا اخْتَلَطُوا فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الْإِشَارَةُ بِالرَّأْسِ وَالتَّكْبِيرِ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَزَادَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «فَإِنْ كَثُرُوا فَلْيُصَلُّوا رُكْبَانًا أَوْ قِيَامًا عَلَى أَقْدَامِهِمْ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ","vol":"5","page":35},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-379>مَنْ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ</span>\n٦٧٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" يُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ مَنْ قَاتَلَ أَهْلَ الشِّرْكِ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَكُلُّ جِهَادٍ كَانَ مُبَاحًا فَخَافَ أَهْلُهُ، وَذَلِكَ جِهَادُ أَهْلِ الْبَغِيِّ، وَجِهَادُ قُطَّاعِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ مَالَ رَجُلٍ أَوْ نَفْسَهُ أَوْ حَرِيمَهُ فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ»","vol":"5","page":36},{"text":"٦٧٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ»","vol":"5","page":36},{"text":"٦٧٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ الزَّاهِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ مَظْلُومًا فَلَهُ الْجَنَّةٌ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ثَابِتٍ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَأَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"5","page":37},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-380>مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ لُبْسُهُ وَافْتِرَاشُهُ</span>","vol":"5","page":38},{"text":"٦٧٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ اسْتَسْقَى، فَأَتَاهُ دِهْقَانُ بِإِنَاءٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ فَأَخَذَهُ فَرَمَى بِهِ وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَانَا أَنْ نَشْرَبَ فِي آنِيَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، وَأَنْ نَأْكُلَ فِيهَا، وَعَنْ لُبْسِ الْحَرِيرِ وَالدِّيبَاجِ، وَأَنْ نَجْلِسَ عَلَيْهِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ\n\n٦٧٧٦ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ «لَا يُرَخِّصُ لِلرَّجُلِ فِي افْتِرَاشِ الْحَرِيرِ وَالدِّيبَاجِ، كَمَا لَا يُرَخِّصُ فِي لُبْسِهِمَا»","vol":"5","page":38},{"text":"٦٧٧٧ - وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ يَعْنِي دَاوُدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُرَيْجٍ النَّقَّالُ قَالَ: \" دَخَلْتُ مَعَ الشَّافِعِيِّ عَلَى خَادِمِ الرَّشِيدِ وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتٍ قَدْ فُرِشَ بِالدِّيبَاجِ، فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رِجْلَهُ بِالْعَتَبَةِ أَبْصَرَهُ فَرَجَعَ، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْخَادِمُ: ادْخُلْ، فَقَالَ: لَا يَحِلُّ افْتِرَاشُ هَذَا، فَمَالَ بِهِ الْخَادِمُ مُبْتَسِمًا حَتَّى دَخَلَ بَيْتًا قَدْ فُرِشَ بِالْأَدَمِ فَدَخَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: «هَذَا حَلَالٌ وَذَاكَ حَرَامٌ، وَهَذَا أَحْسَنُ مِنْ ذَاكَ وَأَكْثَرُ ثَمَنًا فَتَبَسَّمَ الْخَادِمُ وَسَكَتَ»","vol":"5","page":38},{"text":"٦٧٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «الْحَرِيرُ وَالذَّهَبُ حَرَامٌ عَلَى ذُكُورِكُمْ حَلَالٌ لِإِنَاثِكُمْ»\n\n٦٧٧٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ وَغَيْرِهِمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «إِذَا كَانَ فِي نَسِيجِ الثَّوْبِ قَزٌّ وَقُطْنٌ أَوْ كَتَّانٌ فَكَانَ الْقُطْنُ الْغَالِبَ لَمْ أَكْرَهْهُ لِمُصَلٍّ خَائِفٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ لَبِسَهُ»","vol":"5","page":39},{"text":"٦٧٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُفَيْلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خُصَيْفٌ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنِ الثَّوْبِ الْمُصْمَتِ مِنَ الْحَرِيرِ، فَأَمَّا الْعَلَمُ مِنَ الْحَرِيرِ وَسُدَى الثَّوْبِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ»\n\n٦٧٨١ - وَلِهَذَا شَوَاهِدُ فِي الْأَعْلَامِ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ \"","vol":"5","page":39},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-381>الرُّخْصَةُ فِي لُبْسِ الْحَرِيرِ وَالدِّيبَاجِ فِي الْحَرْبِ</span>\n٦٧٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، «لَوْ تَوَقَّى الْمُحَارِبُ أَنْ يَلْبَسَ دِيبَاجًا أَوْ قَزًّا طَاهِرًا، كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ فَإِنْ لَبِسَهُ لِيُحَصِّنَهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ رَخَّصَ لَهُ فِي الْحَرْبِ فِيمَا يَحْظُرُ عَلَيْهِ فِي غَيْرِهِ»","vol":"5","page":40},{"text":"٦٧٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ح\n\n٦٧٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ، شَكَوْا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقُمَّلَ فِي غَزَاةٍ لَهُمَا فَرَخَّصَ لَهُمَا فِي قَمِيصِ الْحَرِيرِ، فَرَأَيْتُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا قَمِيصَ حَرِيرٍ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي غَزَاةٍ لَهُمَا. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"5","page":40},{"text":"٦٧٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، - هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ - قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حِبَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ لَهُ جُبَّةٌ مِنْ طَيَالِسَةٍ مَكْفُوفَةٍ بِالدِّيبَاجِ، يَلْقَى فِيهَا الْعَدُوَّ» وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عُمَرَ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"5","page":41},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-382>لُبْسُ الْخَزِّ</span>","vol":"5","page":42},{"text":"٦٧٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي لُبْسِ الْخَزِّ؟ فَقَالَ:  «لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَدَعَهُ رَجُلٌ لِيَأْخُذَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهُ، فَأَمَّا لِأَنَّ لُبْسَ الْخَزِّ حَرَامٌ فَلَا»","vol":"5","page":42},{"text":"٦٧٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،  «أَنَّهَا كَسَتْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ مُطَرِّفَ خَزٍّ كَانَتْ تَلْبَسُهُ»\n\n٦٧٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَرُوِّينَا أَنَّ الْقَاسِمَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فِي غَدَاةٍ بَارِدَةٍ وَعَلَيْهِ مُطَرِّفُ خَزٍّ، فَأَلْقَاهُ عَلَيْهَا فَلَمْ تُنْكِرُهُ» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَعَهَا بَشَرٌ لَا يَرَوْنَ بِهِ بَأْسًا\n\n٦٧٨٩ - وَلَمْ يَزَلِ الْقَاسِمُ يَلْبَسُهُ حَتَّى بِيعَ فِي مِيرَاثِهِ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا.\n\n٦٧٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ السَّلِيطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فِي يَوْمٍ بَارِدٍ وَعَلَيَّ كِسَاءُ خَزٍّ فَطَرَحْتُهُ عَلَيْهَا فَلَمْ تُنْكِرُهُ","vol":"5","page":42},{"text":"٦٧٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ أَخُو أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَى رَاحِلَةٍ عَلَيْهَا قَطِيفَةٌ مِنْ خَزٍّ أَغْبَرَ، وَرَأَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ جُبَّةً مِنْ خَزٍّ أَخْضَرَ، وَرَأَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ رِدَاءً مُمَصَّرًا»","vol":"5","page":43},{"text":"٦٧٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الدَّشْتَكِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: \" رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مَحَّارًا عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةُ خَزٍّ سَوْدَاءُ، فَقَالَ: كَسَانِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «\n\n٦٧٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا الرُّخْصَةَ، فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَجَابِرٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى\n\n٦٧٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا التَّشْدِيدَ، فِيهِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ، أَوْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَعَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْهُ.»\n\n٦٧٩٥ - وَكَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَرِهَ زِيَّ الْعَجَمِ فِي مَرَاكِبِهِمْ وَمَلَابِسِهِمْ، وَاسْتَحَبَّ الْقَصْدَ فِي اللِّبَاسِ وَالْمَرْكَبِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ \"\n\n٦٧٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَا أَكْرَهُ لِمَنْ يُعَلِّمُ مَنْ مَعَهُ نَفْسَهُ فِي الْحَرْبِ بِمَا شَاءَ مِنْ مَا يَجُوزُ لُبْسُهُ، وَقَدْ أَعْلَمَ حَمْزَةُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ»","vol":"5","page":43},{"text":"٦٧٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أُمَيَّةُ وَأَنَا أَمْشِي مَعَهُ: \" يَا عَبْدَ الْإِلَهِ مَنِ الرَّجُلُ مِنْكُمْ مُعَلَّمٌ بِرِيشَةِ نَعَامَةٍ فِي صَدْرِهِ؟ فَقُلْتُ: ذَاكَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ قَالَ: ذَاكَ فَعَلَ بِنَا الْأَفَاعِيلَ \"\n\n٦٧٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي دُجَانَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ الْقِتَالَ أَعْلَمَ بِعِصَابَةٍ ⦗٤٤⦘\n\n٦٧٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَا أَكْرَهُ الْبِرَازَ، قَدْ بَارَزَ عُبَيْدَةُ، وَحَمْزَةُ، وَعَلِيٌّ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ» قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِسْنَادُ هَذَا مَذْكُورٌ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"5","page":43},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-383>٦ - كِتَابُ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":47},{"text":"٦٨٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَاكِمُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْخَوَارِزْمِيُّ، بِقَرَاءَتِي عَلَيْهِ بِخُسْرُوجِرْدَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ سَهْو، وَأَبُو عَلِيٍّ إِسْمَاعِيلُ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ شَيْخُ السُّنَّةِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ فِي شُهُورِ سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَخَمْسِينَ وَأَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: \" قَدِمَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَهُمْ يَوْمَانِ يَلْعَبُونَ فِيهِمَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: «قَدْ أَبْدَلَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِمَا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمَا يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَيَوْمَ النَّحْرِ»","vol":"5","page":48},{"text":"٦٨٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" وَلَا أُرَخِّصُ لِأَحَدٍ فِي تَرْكِ حُضُورِ الْعِيدَيْنِ مِمَّنْ تَلْزَمُهُ الْجُمُعَةُ\n\n٦٨٠٢ - قَالَ: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُصَلَّى الْعِيدَانِ وَالْخُسُوفُ فِي الْبَادِيَةِ الَّتِي لَا جُمُعَةَ فِيهَا \"","vol":"5","page":48},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-384>الْغُسْلُ لِلْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":49},{"text":"٦٨٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ  «كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْدُوَ»","vol":"5","page":49},{"text":"٦٨٠٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، «كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ يَوْمَ الْعِيدَيْنِ، وَيَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَيَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ»","vol":"5","page":49},{"text":"٦٨٠٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، أَنَّهُ  «كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ يَوْمَ الْعِيدَيْنِ»","vol":"5","page":49},{"text":"٦٨٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَحْدَهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٥٠⦘ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْمُطَّلِبُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ بْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ «كَانَ يَغْتَسِلُ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ، إِذَا غَدَا إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى»","vol":"5","page":49},{"text":"٦٨٠٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ:  «السُّنَّةُ أَنْ يُغْتَسَلَ يَوْمَ الْعِيدَيْنِ»","vol":"5","page":50},{"text":"٦٨٠٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «الْغُسْلُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ سُنَّةٌ»","vol":"5","page":50},{"text":"٦٨٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَانَ مَذْهَبُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعُرْوَةَ فِي  «أَنَّ الْغُسْلَ فِي الْعِيدِ سُنَّةٌ أَنَّهُ أَحْسَنُ وَأَعْرَفُ وَأَنْظَفُ وَأَنْ قَدْ فَعَلَهُ قَوْمٌ صَالِحُونَ، لَا أَنَّهُ حَتْمٌ بِأَنَّهُ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"5","page":50},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-385>التَّكْبِيرُ لَيْلَةَ الْفِطْرِ</span>","vol":"5","page":51},{"text":"٦٨١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ: \" ﴿وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٥] \" قَالَ: فَسَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ أَنْ يَقُولَ: وَلِتُكْمِلُوا عِدَّةَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ إكْمَالِهِ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ، وإكْمَالُهُ مَغِيبُ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قَالَ بِمَا قَالَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ \"","vol":"5","page":51},{"text":"٦٨١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ الْإِمَامُ خَلْفَ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ وَالصُّبْحِ، وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَغَادِيًا حَتَّى يَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى»","vol":"5","page":51},{"text":"٦٨١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ  «كَانَ إِذَا غَدَا إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ كَبَّرَ فَرَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ»","vol":"5","page":51},{"text":"٦٨١٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ⦗٥٢⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ «كَانَ يَغْدُو إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَيُكَبِّرُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الْمُصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ بِالْمُصَلَّى، حَتَّى إِذَا جَلَسَ الْإِمَامُ تَرَكَ التَّكْبِيرَ»\n\n٦٨١٤ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: \" رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ مَوْقُوفًا،\n\n٦٨١٥ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، مَوْقُوفًا","vol":"5","page":51},{"text":"٦٨١٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي «رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ بِالتَّهْلِيلِ وَالتَّكْبِيرِ، حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الْمُصَلَّى»\n\n٦٨١٧ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَغَيْرِهِ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":52},{"text":"٦٨١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَأَبَا سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَأَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: «يُكَبِّرُونَ لَيْلَةَ الْفِطْرِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، يَجْهَرُونَ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ»","vol":"5","page":52},{"text":"٦٨١٩ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَنَّهُمَا  «كَانَا يَجْهَرَانِ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ حِينَ يَغْدُوَانِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى»","vol":"5","page":52},{"text":"٦٨٢٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْهَادِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ نَافِعَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ،  «يَجْهَرُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ حِينَ يَغْدُو إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ»\n\n٦٨٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانُوا فِي التَّكْبِيرِ فِي الْفِطْرِ أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ فِي الْأَضْحَى»","vol":"5","page":52},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-386>الْخُرُوجُ فِي الْأَعْيَادِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى</span>","vol":"5","page":53},{"text":"٦٨٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ  «يَخْرُجُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى بِالْمَدِينَةِ»\n\n٦٨٢٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ مَنْ كَانَ بَعْدَهُ وَعَامَّةُ أَهْلِ الْبُلْدَانِ، إِلَّا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنَ السَّلَفِ صَلَّى بِهِمْ عِيدًا إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِهِمْ «\n\n٦٨٢٤ - وَأَحْسَبُ ذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ لِأَنَّ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ خَيْرُ بِقَاعِ الدُّنْيَا، فَلَمْ يُحِبُّوا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمْ صَلَاةٌ إِلَّا فِيهِ مَا أَمْكَنَهُمْ»","vol":"5","page":53},{"text":"٦٨٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ» عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَخْرُجُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَيَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى، يَعْنِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ»","vol":"5","page":53},{"text":"٦٨٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁: أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «الْخُرُوجُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ»\n\n٦٨٢٧ - وَأَمَّا أَمْرُ مَكَّةَ فَعَلَى مَا قَالَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ حَدِيثٌ فِي فَضْلِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي مَسْجِدِهَا","vol":"5","page":54},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-387>الزِّينَةُ لِلْعِيدِ</span>","vol":"5","page":55},{"text":"٦٨٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ  «يَلْبَسُ بُرْدَةً حَبِرَةً فِي كُلِّ عِيدٍ»","vol":"5","page":55},{"text":"٦٨٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ  «يَلْبَسُ بُرْدَهُ الْأَحْمَرَ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ وَالْجُمُعَةِ»","vol":"5","page":55},{"text":"٦٨٣٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ  «يَعْتَمُّ فِي كُلِّ عِيدٍ»","vol":"5","page":55},{"text":"٦٨٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «خَطَبَ النَّاسَ وَعَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ» ⦗٥٦⦘\n\n٦٨٣٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، لُبْسِ الْعِمَامَةِ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، ﵄ \"","vol":"5","page":55},{"text":"٦٨٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يَلْبَسُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ أَحْسَنَ ثِيَابِهِ»","vol":"5","page":56},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-388>الْمَشْيُ إِلَى الْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":57},{"text":"٦٨٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ قَالَ:  «مَا رَكِبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي عِيدٍ وَلَا جِنَازَةٍ قَطُّ»","vol":"5","page":57},{"text":"٦٨٣٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ الْعِيدَ مَاشِيًا ثُمَّ تَرْكَبُ إِذَا رَجَعْتَ»","vol":"5","page":57},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-389>الْغُدُوُّ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى</span>","vol":"5","page":58},{"text":"٦٨٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحُوَيْرِثِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" كَتَبَ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ وَهُوَ بِنَجْرَانَ: أَنْ عَجِّلِ الْأَضْحَى، وَأَخِّرِ الْفِطْرَ، وَذَكِّرِ النَّاسَ \"","vol":"5","page":58},{"text":"٦٨٣٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ ⦗٥٩⦘، أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَغْدُو إِلَى الْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ حِينَ تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ فَيَتَتَامُّ طُلُوعُهَا»","vol":"5","page":58},{"text":"٦٨٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ:  «مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ الَّتِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهَا عِنْدَنَا فِي وَقْتِ الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى أَنْ يَخْرُجَ الْإِمَامُ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ قَدْرَ مَا يَبْلُغُ مُصَلَّاهُ وَقَدْ حَلَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ»\n\n٦٨٣٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ","vol":"5","page":59},{"text":"٦٨٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ  «يَغْدُو إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ»","vol":"5","page":59},{"text":"٦٨٤١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ وَهُوَ عَامَلٌ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ:  «إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ فَاغْدُوا إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى»","vol":"5","page":59},{"text":"٦٨٤٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُثَيْمُ بْنُ نِسْطَاسٍ، أَنَّهُ «رَأَى ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي يَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى عَلَيْهِ بُرْنُسٌ أُرْجُوَانُ، وَعِمَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ، غَادِيًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى بَعْدَمَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ»","vol":"5","page":59},{"text":"٦٨٤٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ ⦗٦٠⦘: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَرْمَلَةَ، أَنَّهُ  «رَأَى ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَغْدُو إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ حِينَ يُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ»\n\n٦٨٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَكُلُّ هَذَا وَاسِعٌ إِذَا وَافَى الصَّلَاةَ، وَأَحَبُّهُ إِلَيَّ أَنْ لَا يَتَمَهَّلَ لِيَأْخُذَ مَجْلِسًا»","vol":"5","page":59},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-390>الْأَكْلُ قَبْلَ الْغُدُوِّ</span>","vol":"5","page":61},{"text":"٦٨٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَاكِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُتْبَةُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ:  «مَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ فِطْرٍ حَتَّى يَأْكُلَ تَمَرَاتٍ، ثَلَاثًا، أَوْ خَمْسًا، أَوْ سَبْعًا، أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ وِتْرًا» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هُشَيْمٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"5","page":61},{"text":"٦٨٤٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ لَا يَخْرُجُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ حَتَّى يَطْعَمَ، وَلَا يَأْكُلُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ فَيَأْكُلَ مِنْ أُضْحِيَّتِهِ»\n\n٦٨٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ ⦗٦٢⦘ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ثَوَابُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ الْمَهْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٦٨٤٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ الْأَصَمِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ وَقَالَ: فَكَانَ إِذَا رَجَعَ أَكَلَ مِنْ كَبِدِ أُضْحِيَّتِهِ","vol":"5","page":61},{"text":"٦٨٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «كَانَ يَطْعَمُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِلَى الْجَبَّانِ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَيَأْمُرُ بِهِ»","vol":"5","page":62},{"text":"٦٨٥٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: «كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَأْكُلُونَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ»","vol":"5","page":62},{"text":"٦٨٥١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ:  «كَانَ النَّاسُ يُؤْمَرُونَ بِالْأَكْلِ قَبْلَ الْغُدُوِّ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ»","vol":"5","page":62},{"text":"٦٨٥٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،  «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْكُلُ قَبْلَ الْغُدُوِّ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ»","vol":"5","page":63},{"text":"٦٨٥٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْأَكْلِ قَبْلَ الْخُرُوجِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ»","vol":"5","page":63},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-391>لَا أَذَانَ لِلْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":64},{"text":"٦٨٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَمْ يُؤَذَّنْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلَا لِعُمَرَ، وَلَا لِعُثْمَانَ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ حَتَّى أَحْدَثَ ذَلِكَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بِالشَّامِ فَأَحْدَثَهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ أُمِّرَ عَلَيْهَا»","vol":"5","page":64},{"text":"٦٨٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ الْمُؤَذِّنَ فَيَقُولُ:  «الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ»","vol":"5","page":64},{"text":"٦٨٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «فَلَا أَذَانَ إِلَّا لِلْمَكْتُوبَةِ لَأَنَّا لَمْ نَعْلَمْهُ أُذِّنَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا لِلْمَكْتُوبَةِ»","vol":"5","page":64},{"text":"٦٨٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ خَطَبَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَذَانًا وَلَا إِقَامَةً» ⦗٦٥⦘\n\n٦٨٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ،\n\n٦٨٥٩ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَجَابِرٍ فِي الْأَذَانِ، وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ","vol":"5","page":64},{"text":"٦٨٦٠ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَزْرَقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ⦗٦٦⦘، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ عِيدٍ فَبَدَأَ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ بِغَيْرِ أَذَانٍ وَلَا إِقَامَةٍ»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ","vol":"5","page":65},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-392>التَّكْبِيرُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":67},{"text":"٦٨٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٦٩⦘، عَنْ جَدِّهِ،  «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَبَّرَ فِي الْعِيدِ سَبْعًا وَخَمْسًا، فِي الْأُولَى سَبْعًا، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ خَمْسًا، سِوَى تَكْبِيرَةِ الْإِحْرَامِ لِلصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٦٨٦٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَزَادَ، فِيهِ: وَالْقِرَاءَةُ بَعْدَهُمَا كِلْتَيْهِمَا وَقَالَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو","vol":"5","page":67},{"text":"٦٨٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي مَسَرَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي كَثِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٧٠⦘، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ «يُكَبِّرُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى سَبْعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ، وَفِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ خَمْسَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ قَبْلَ الْقِرَاءَةِ»\n\n٦٨٦٤ - بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" سَأَلْتُ الْبُخَارِيَّ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ فِي الْبَابِ شَيْءٌ أَصَحُّ مِنْ هَذَا وَبِهِ أَقُولُ\n\n٦٨٦٥ - قَالَ: وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الطَّائِفِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ هُوَ صَحِيحٌ أَيْضًا","vol":"5","page":69},{"text":"٦٨٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ «يُكَبِّرُ فِي الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى فِي الْأُولَى سَبْعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ خَمْسَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ»\n\n٦٨٦٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ.\n\n٦٨٦٨ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ، وَمُعَلَّى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ\n\n٦٨٦٩ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ: الْمَحْفُوظُ عِنْدَنَا حَدِيثُ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ لِأَنَّ ابْنَ وَهْبٍ قَدِيمُ السَّمَاعِ مِنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، وَمَنْ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى لِأَنَّهُ خَلَطَ بِأَخِرَةَ.\n\n٦٨٧٠ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ، حَدِيثِ أَوْلَادِ سَعْدٍ الْقَرَظِ، عَنْ آبَائِهِمْ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":71},{"text":"٦٨٧١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ: «كَبَّرُوا فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ وَالِاسْتِسْقَاءِ سَبْعًا وَخَمْسًا، وَصَلُّوا قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ وَجَهَرُوا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ»","vol":"5","page":71},{"text":"٦٨٧٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ  «كَبَّرَ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ وَالِاسْتِسْقَاءِ سَبْعًا وَخَمْسًا وَجَهَرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ»","vol":"5","page":72},{"text":"٦٨٧٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ، وَزَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ:  «أَمَرَا مَرْوَانَ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ سَبْعًا وَخَمْسًا»","vol":"5","page":72},{"text":"٦٨٧٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: \" شَهِدْتُ الْفِطْرَ وَالْأَضْحَى مَعَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَكَبَّرَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى سَبْعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ قَبْلَ الْقِرَاءَةِ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ: خَمْسَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ قَبْلَ الْقِرَاءَةِ \"\n\n٦٨٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: \" وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: يُكَبِّرُ أَرْبَعًا فِي الْأُولَى بِالَّتِي يَفْتَتِحُ بِهَا الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ فَيَرْكَعُ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَقْرَأُ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ أَرْبَعًا،\n\n٦٨٧٦ - وَعَابَ عَلَيْنَا قَوْلَنَا وَزَعَمَ أَنَّا إِنَّمَا، رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، لَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ،\n\n٦٨٧٧ - وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَدْ عَلِمَ أَنْ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗٧٣⦘،\n\n٦٨٧٨ - وَقَالَ: قَوْلُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ تَكْبِيرَةَ الْعِيدَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الَّذِي لَا يَجْهَلُهُ الْعُلَمَاءُ، وَلَا نَحْسِبُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ يُخَالِفُ فِيهِ أَصْحَابَهُ وَلَوْ فَعَلَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ كَانَ الثَّابِتُ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ أَهْلِ الْإِمَامَةِ قَوْلَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا فِيهِ إِلَّا فِعْلُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ تَكْبِيرَهُ فِي دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، وَبَيْنَ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ عِلْمِهِ وَعِلْمِهِمْ بِهِ، عَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُكَبِّرْ بِهِمْ خِلَافَ تَكْبِيرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n٦٨٧٩ - وَلَوْ خَفِيَ عَلَيْهِ تَكْبِيرُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَّمُوهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَأَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْهِ خِلَافَهُ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ كَفِعْلِ رَجُلٍ فِي بَلَدٍ كُلُّهُمْ يَتَعَلَّمُ مِنْهُ لَيْسُوا كَأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَتَكْبِيرُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَامٌّ لِأَنَّهُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَأَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ","vol":"5","page":72},{"text":"٦٨٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْمَعْرُوفِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَاتِبُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَحُذَيْفَةَ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الصَّلَاةُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ كَالتَّكْبِيرِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ أَرْبَعٌ، وَأَرْبَعٌ سِوَى تَكْبِيرَةِ الِافْتِتَاحِ وَالرُّكُوعِ»\n\n٦٨٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «هَذَا الرَّسُولُ مَجْهُولٌ غَيْرُ مُسَمًّى فِي هَذِهِ الرَّاوِيَةِ»","vol":"5","page":73},{"text":"٦٨٨٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ، سَأَلَ أَبَا مُوسَى، وَحُذَيْفَةَ كَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٧٤⦘ يُكَبِّرُ فِي الْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: كَانَ «يُكَبِّرُ أَرْبَعًا تَكْبِيرَهُ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ»، فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: صَدَقَ\n\n٦٨٨٣ - وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ قَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ.\n\n٦٨٨٤ - وَالْمَشْهُورُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ: أَنَّهُمْ أَسْنَدُوا أَمْرَهُمْ إِلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَأَفْتَاهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، بِأَرْبَعٍ فِي الْأُولَى قَبْلَ الْقِرَاءَةِ، وَأَرْبَعٍ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ بَعْدَ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَيَرْكَعُ بِالرَّابِعَةِ وَلَمْ يُسْنِدْهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":73},{"text":"٦٨٨٥ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ شُيُوخِهِمْ، وَلَوْ كَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي مُوسَى فِيهِ عِلْمٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَا كَانَ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،\n\n٦٨٨٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «خَمْسٌ فِي الْأُولَى، وَأَرْبَعٌ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ» وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ الرِّوَايَةَ الْأُولَى عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ الْجَوَّابُ عَنْ فَتْوَاهُ مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"5","page":74},{"text":"٦٨٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَإِذَا ابْتَدَأَ الْإِمَامُ صَلَاةَ الْعِيدَيْنِ كَبَّرَ لِلدُّخُولِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ افْتَتَحَ كَمَا يَفْتَتِحُ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ﴾ وَمَا بَعْدَهَا ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ سَبْعًا لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَكْبِيرَةُ الِافْتِتَاحِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ وَرَكَعَ وَسَجَدَ \"، وَقَالَ: وَكَمَا وَصَفْتُ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"5","page":74},{"text":"٦٨٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدٌ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ «كَبَّرَ فِي الْعِيدِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى سَبْعًا، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ وَكَبَّرَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ خَمْسًا»","vol":"5","page":75},{"text":"٦٨٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «يَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ بَيْنَ التَّكْبِيرَتَيْنِ وَيُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ»\n\n٦٨٩٠ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ","vol":"5","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-393>رَفْعُ الْيَدَيْنِ فِي تَكْبِيرِ الْعِيدِ</span>","vol":"5","page":76},{"text":"٦٨٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي حَدِيثٍ مُرْسَلٍ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ وَقَاسَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى  «رَفْعِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَيْهِ حِينَ افْتَتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَحِينَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ، وَحِينَ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ فِي السُّجُودِ»\n\n٦٨٩٢ - وَقَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ ذِكْرٍ كَانَ حِينَ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ قَائِمًا أَوْ رَافِعًا إِلَى قِيَامٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُجُودٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقَالَ: يَرْفَعُ الْمُكَبِّرُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ عِنْدَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ كَانَ قَائِمًا فِيهَا وَهُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"5","page":76},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-394>الْقِرَاءَةُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":77},{"text":"٦٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، سَأَلَ أَبَا وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ مَا كَانَ يَقْرَأُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ؟ فَقَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" يَقْرَأُ بِ ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ وَاقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗٧٨⦘\n\n٦٨٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ إِنْ كَانَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ لَقِيَ أَبَا وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ\n\n٦٨٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: \" وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا لِأَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَيَّامَ عُمَرَ وَمَسْأَلَةَ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ، وَبِهَذِهِ الْعِلَّةِ لَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فِيمَا أَظُنُّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ؛ لِأَنَّ فُلَيْحَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ رَوَاهُ عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَنِي عُمَرُ فَصَارَ الْحَدِيثُ بِذَلِكَ مَوْصُولًا.\n\n٦٨٩٦ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّكُ عَلَى حُسْنِ نَظَرِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَمَعْرِفَتِهِ بِصَحِيحِ الْأَخْبَارِ وَسَقِيمِهَا ⦗٧٩⦘.\n\n٦٨٩٧ - وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَبْلَهَا اعْتِمَادُهُ عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَتَرْجِيحُهُ لِفِعْلِهِ بِصِحَّةِ إِسْنَادِهِ مَعَ مَا رَوَى فِيهِ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرْوِي عَنِ الضُّعَفَاءِ كَمَا جَرَتْ بِهِ عَادَةُ الرُّوَاةِ، وَاعْتِمَادُهُ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَلَى مَا يَجِبُ الِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَيْهِ، أَوْ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ، أَوْ سُنَّةٍ، أَوْ قِيَاسٍ.\n\n٦٨٩٨ - وَبِمِثْلِ هَذَا أَوْ قَرِيبٍ مِنْهُ أَجَابَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ مَنْ عَابَ الشَّافِعِيَّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ عَلَى بَعْضِ الضُّعَفَاءِ، وَاللَّهُ يَغْفِرُ لَنَا وَلَهُ، فَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ لِعَائِبٍ مَقَالًا","vol":"5","page":77},{"text":"٦٨٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ: \" يُحْتَمَلْ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ الَّذِي حُفِظَ فِي عِيدٍ أَوْ أَعْيَادٍ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ أَعْيَادٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَيَكُونُ صَادِقًا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَرَأَ بِمَا ذَكَرَ فِي الْعِيدِ وَيَكُونُ غَيْرُهُ صَادِقًا: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَرَأَ بِمَا ذَكَرَ فِي الْعِيدِ \" وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ","vol":"5","page":79},{"text":"٦٩٠٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْتَشِرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «قَرَأَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْعِيدَيْنِ بِ - سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى وَوَهَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ»\n\n٦٩٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ يَقْرَأُ، وَزَادَ: «وَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْعِيدُ وَالْجُمُعَةُ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ قَرَأَ بِهِمَا أَيْضًا فِي الصَّلَاتَيْنِ» ⦗٨٠⦘ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"5","page":79},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-395>يَبْدَأُ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":81},{"text":"٦٩٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَطَاءَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: «أَشْهَدُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ» صَلَّى قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ فَرَأَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُسْمِعِ النِّسَاءَ، فَأَتَاهُنَّ، فَذَكَّرَهُنَّ وَوَعَظَهُنَّ، وَأَمَرَهُنَّ بِالصَّدَقَةِ، وَمَعَهُ بِلَالٌ قَائِلٌ بِثَوْبِهِ هَكَذَا قَالَ: فَجَعَلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ تُلْقِي الْخَاتَمَ وَالْخُرْصَ وَالشَّيْءَ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ","vol":"5","page":81},{"text":"٦٩٠٣ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ طَاوُسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، فَكُلُّهُمْ يُصَلِّيهَا قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ»","vol":"5","page":82},{"text":"٦٩٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، كَانُوا «يُصَلُّونَ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ»\n\n٦٩٠٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"5","page":82},{"text":"٦٩٠٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْخَطْمِيُّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ ⦗٨٣⦘، وَعُثْمَانَ: كَانُوا «يَبْدَأُونَ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ مُعَاوِيَةُ فَقَدَّمَ مُعَاوِيَةُ الْخُطْبَةَ»","vol":"5","page":82},{"text":"٦٩٠٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: \" أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ مَرْوَانُ وَإِلَى رَجُلٍ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ فَمَشَى بِنَا حَتَّى أَتَى بِالْمُصَلَّى، فَذَهَبَ لِيَصْعَدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَجَبَذْتُهُ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ تُرِكَ الَّذِي تَعْلَمُ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَهَتَفْتُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا تَأْتُونَ إِلَّا شَرًّا مِنْهُ \"","vol":"5","page":83},{"text":"٦٩٠٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «يُصَلِّي يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَالْأَضْحَى قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ»","vol":"5","page":83},{"text":"٦٩٠٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ يَبْدَأُ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:  «كُلُّ سُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ غُيِّرَتْ، حَتَّى الصَّلَاةُ»","vol":"5","page":83},{"text":"٦٩١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ ⦗٨٤⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ «يُصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَيَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ»\n\n٦٩١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، كَانَا يَفْعَلَانِ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٦٩١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُمَا","vol":"5","page":83},{"text":"٦٩١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَجَاءَ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: \" إِنَّ هَذَيْنِ يَوْمَانِ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ صِيَامِهِمَا: يَوْمُ فِطْرِكُمْ مِنْ صِيَامِكُمْ، وَالْآخَرُ تَأْكُلُونَ فِيهِ مِنْ نُسُكِكُمْ \"","vol":"5","page":84},{"text":"٦٩١٤ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: ثُمَّ شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ فَجَاءَ فَصَلَّى، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَخَطَبَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ لَكُمْ فِي يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا عِيدَانِ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَالِيَةِ أَنْ يَنْتَظِرَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَنْتَظِرْهَا، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ، فَقَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَهُ» ⦗٨٥⦘\n\n٦٩١٥ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: ثُمَّ شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعُثْمَانُ مَحْصُورٌ، فَجَاءَ فَصَلَّى، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَخَطَبَ،\n\n٦٩١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «حَدِيثُ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، هَذَا كُلُّهُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ»","vol":"5","page":84},{"text":"٦٩١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ الْإِمَامُ قَائِمًا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ»، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَى أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":85},{"text":"٦٩١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يَخْرُجُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ فَيُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ هَاتَيْنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَسْتَقْبِلُ الْقِبْلَةَ وَهُمْ جُلُوسٌ»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِطُولِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، وَفِيهِ قَضِيَّةُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ مَعَ مَرْوَانَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عِيَاضٍ","vol":"5","page":85},{"text":"٦٩١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ الْإِمَامُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ»","vol":"5","page":85},{"text":"٦٩٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ «يَخْطُبُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ بَعْدَمَا يَنْصَرِفُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَيَوْمَ النَّحْرِ» ⦗٨٦⦘\n\n٦٩٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ»","vol":"5","page":85},{"text":"٦٩٢٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ وَأَمْسَكْتُ - إِمَّا قَالَ - بِخِطَامِهَا أَوْ قَالَ: بِزِمَامِهَا قَالَ: «أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا؟» وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"5","page":86},{"text":"٦٩٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي كَاهِلٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ عِيدٍ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ خَرْمَاءَ وَحَبَشِيٌّ مُمْسِكٌ بِخِطَامِهَا»\n\n٦٩٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَأَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ","vol":"5","page":86},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-396>السُّنَّةُ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":87},{"text":"٦٩٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ:  «السُّنَّةُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ الْإِمَامُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ خُطْبَتَيْنِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِجُلُوسٍ»","vol":"5","page":87},{"text":"٦٩٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ:  «وَيَبْدَأُ الْإِمَامُ فِي هَذَا كُلِّهِ إِذَا ظَهَرَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَيُسَلِّمُ وَيَرُدُّ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٦٩٢٧ - فَإِنَّ هَذَا يُرْوَى عَالِيًا، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: مَا \"","vol":"5","page":87},{"text":"٦٩٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ ⦗٨٨⦘، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «إِذَا صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ سَلَّمَ»","vol":"5","page":87},{"text":"٦٩٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ:  «السُّنَّةُ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ أَنْ يَبْتَدِئَ الْإِمَامُ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ بِتِسْعِ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ تَتْرَى لَا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهَا بِكَلَامٍ، ثُمَّ يَخْطُبُ، ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ جِلْسَةً، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَيَفْتَتِحُهَا بِسَبْعِ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ تَتْرَى لَا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهَا بِكَلَامٍ، ثُمَّ يَخْطُبُ»","vol":"5","page":88},{"text":"٦٩٣٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ «أَنَّ التَّكْبِيرَ فِي الْأُولَى مِنَ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ بِتِسْعٍ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ بِسَبْعٍ»","vol":"5","page":88},{"text":"٦٩٣١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَّهُ أُثْبِتَ لَهُ كِتَابٌ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِيهِ \" تَكْبِيرُ الْإِمَامِ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ الْأُولَى يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى: إِحْدَى، أَوْ ثَلَاثًا وَخَمْسِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً فِي فُصُولِ الْخُطْبَةِ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيِ الْكَلَامِ \"","vol":"5","page":88},{"text":"٦٩٣٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَهُوَ خَلِيفَةٌ فِي يَوْمِ فِطْرٍ ظَهَرَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ شِعَارَ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ التَّحْمِيدُ وَالتَّكْبِيرُ وَالتَّمْجِيدُ، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ مِرَارًا اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ، ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ لِلْخُطْبَةِ، ثُمَّ فَصَلَ بَيْنَ التَّشَهُّدِ بِتَكْبِيرَةٍ»","vol":"5","page":88},{"text":"٦٩٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ  «إِذَا خَطَبَ اعْتَمَدَ عَلَى عَصًا وَقَدْ قِيلَ خَطَبَ مُعْتَمِدًا عَلَى عَنَزَةٍ، وَقِيلَ عَلَى قَوْسٍ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ اعْتِمَادٌ»","vol":"5","page":89},{"text":"٦٩٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي لَيْثٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ  «إِذَا خَطَبَ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى عَنَزَةٍ اعْتِمَادًا» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا\n\n٦٩٣٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى عَنَزَةٍ أَوْ عَصًا","vol":"5","page":89},{"text":"٦٩٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فِي صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، يَوْمَ أَضْحًى قَالَ: ثُمَّ «اسْتَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ، وَأُعْطِيَ قَوْسًا أَوْ عَصًا فَاتَّكَأَ عَلَيْهَا، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"5","page":89},{"text":"٦٩٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَانَ  «يَتْرُكُ الْمَسَاكِينَ يَطُوفُونَ يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ فِي الْمُصَلَّى فِي خُطْبَتِهِ الْأُولَى يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ، فَإِذَا خَطَبَ خُطْبَتَهُ الْآخِرَةَ أَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَأُجْلِسُوا»\n\n٦٩٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَوَاءٌ الْأُولَى وَالْآخِرَةُ أَكْرَهُ لَهُمُ الْمَسْأَلَةَ، وَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا تَرْكُ الْفَضْلِ فِي الِاسْتِمَاعِ","vol":"5","page":89},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-397>الصَّلَاةُ قَبْلَ الْعِيدِ وَبَعْدَهُ</span>","vol":"5","page":90},{"text":"٦٩٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَدِيُّ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ بِالْمُصَلَّى، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ قَبْلَهُمَا وَلَا بَعْدَهُمَا شَيْئًا ثُمَّ انْفَتَلَ إِلَى النِّسَاءِ فَخَطَبَهُنَّ قَائِمًا، وَأَمَرَ بِالصَّدَقَةِ قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ النِّسَاءُ يَتَصَدَّقْنَ بِالْقُرْطِ وَأَشْبَاهِهِ \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ","vol":"5","page":90},{"text":"٦٩٤٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ  «غَدَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ لَمْ يُصَلِّ قَبْلَ الْعِيدِ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ»","vol":"5","page":91},{"text":"٦٩٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهَكَذَا أُحِبُّ لِلْإِمَامِ، لِمَا جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَمَّا الْمَأْمُومُ فَمُخَالِفٌ لِلْإِمَامِ\n\n٦٩٤٢ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «وَقَدْ تَنَفَّلَ قَوْمٌ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدِ وَبَعْدَهَا، وَآخَرُونَ قَبْلَهَا وَآخَرُونَ بَعْدَهَا وَآخَرُونَ تَرَكُوهُ كَمَا يَكُونُونَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ يَتَنَفَّلُونَ وَلَا يَتَنَفَّلُونَ»","vol":"5","page":91},{"text":"٦٩٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعْدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، أَنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ عُجْرَةَ،  «لَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ الْعِيدِ وَبَعْدَهُ» ⦗٩٢⦘\n\n٦٩٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَرُوِيَ هَذَا، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَوْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، وَحُذَيْفَةَ وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، وَشُرَيْحٍ، وَابْنِ مَعْقِلٍ - شَكَّ الرَّبِيعُ","vol":"5","page":91},{"text":"٦٩٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَعَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ الْعِيدِ وَبَعْدَهُ»","vol":"5","page":92},{"text":"٦٩٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ الْعِيدِ وَبَعْدَهُ»","vol":"5","page":92},{"text":"٦٩٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى لَا نُصَلِّي فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، حَتَّى نَأْتِيَ الْمُصَلَّى، فَإِذَا رَجَعْنَا مَرَرْنَا بِالْمَسْجِدِ فَصَلَّيْنَا فِيهِ»","vol":"5","page":92},{"text":"٦٩٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ،  «لَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلِّي يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ وَلَا بَعْدَهَا»","vol":"5","page":92},{"text":"٦٩٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَحْدَهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يُصَلِّي يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ وَبَعْدَهَا»","vol":"5","page":93},{"text":"٦٩٥٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ، كَانَ  «يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْدُوَ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ»","vol":"5","page":93},{"text":"٦٩٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يَجِئُ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ فَيُصَلِّي قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ الْإِمَامِ»","vol":"5","page":93},{"text":"٦٩٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يَرَى أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ يُصَلُّونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»","vol":"5","page":93},{"text":"٦٩٥٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ بُرَيْدَةُ «يُصَلِّي يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَيَوْمَ النَّحْرِ قَبْلَ الْإِمَامِ»\n\n٦٩٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَأَبِي بُرْدَةَ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ","vol":"5","page":93},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-398>خُرُوجُ النِّسَاءِ إِلَى الْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":94},{"text":"٦٩٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا حَدِيثَ:  «أَنْ يَتْرُكَ النِّسَاءَ إِلَى الْعِيدِ فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا قُلْنَا بِهِ»","vol":"5","page":94},{"text":"٦٩٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ السَّهْمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَتْ: \" أَمَرَنَا بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنْ نُخْرِجَهُنَّ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَيَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، الْعَوَاتِقَ، وَذَوَاتِ الْخُدُورِ وَالْحُيَّضَ، فَأَمَّا الْحَيْضُ فَيَعْتَزِلْنَ الْمُصَلَّى، وَيَشْهَدْنَ الْخَيْرَ وَدَعْوَةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ: فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِحْدَاهُنَّ لَا يَكُونُ لَهَا جِلْبَابٌ؟ فَقَالَ: «لِتُلْبِسْهَا أُخْتُهَا مِنْ جِلْبَابِهَا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ. وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ ⦗٩٥⦘ حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ حَفْصَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ، فَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ","vol":"5","page":94},{"text":"٦٩٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ، عَنْ أُخْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «وَجَبَ الْخُرُوجُ عَلَى كُلِّ ذَاتِ نِطَاقٍ»","vol":"5","page":96},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-399>الْإِتْيَانُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ غَيْرِ الطَّرِيقِ الَّتِي غَدَا مِنْهَا</span>","vol":"5","page":97},{"text":"٦٩٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَانَ «يَغْدُو مِنْ طَرِيقٍ، وَيَرْجِعُ مِنْ أُخْرَى، فَأُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ لِلْإِمَامِ وَلِلْعَامَّةِ»","vol":"5","page":97},{"text":"٦٩٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «أَخَذَ يَوْمَ عِيدٍ فِي طَرِيقٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ فُلَيْحٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ⦗٩٨⦘\n\n٦٩٦٠ - وَقِيلَ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، بَدَلَ جَابِرٍ.\n\n٦٩٦١ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ غَيْرِ مُعْتَمَدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: لِيَتَّسِعَ النَّاسُ فِي الطُّرُقِ.\n\n٦٩٦٢ - وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ هَذَا أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"5","page":97},{"text":"٦٩٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: كَانَ «يَغْدُو يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ الْأَعْظَمِ، فَإِذَا رَجَعَ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ الْأُخْرَى عَلَى دَارِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ»","vol":"5","page":98},{"text":"٦٩٦٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاذُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ «رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، رَجَعَ مِنَ الْمُصَلَّى فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ فَسَلَكَ عَلَى التَّمَّارِينَ مِنْ أَسْفَلَ السُّوقِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ مَسْجِدِ الْأَعْرَجِ الَّذِي عِنْدَ مَوْضِعِ الْبَرَكَةِ الَّتِي بِالسُّوقِ، قَامَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ فَجَّ أَسْلَمَ، فَدَعَا ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ»\n\n٦٩٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَصْنَعَ الْإِمَامُ مِثْلَ هَذَا، وَأَنْ يَقِفَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ فَيَدْعُو اللَّهَ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ","vol":"5","page":99},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-400>إِذَا كَانَ الْعُذْرُ مِنْ مَطَرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"5","page":100},{"text":"٦٩٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَمَرْتُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ\n\n٦٩٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، أَنَّ أَبَانَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ، \" صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فِي مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ فِي يَوْمٍ مَطِيرٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ: حَدِّثْهُمْ مَا حَدَّثْتَنِي عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ: صَلَّى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ بِالنَّاسِ فِي يَوْمٍ مَطِيرٍ فِي يَوْمِ فِطْرٍ \"","vol":"5","page":100},{"text":"٦٩٦٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ،  «صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فِي يَوْمٍ مَطِيرٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ» ⦗١٠١⦘\n\n٦٩٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، ﵁","vol":"5","page":100},{"text":"٦٩٧٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُمْ «أَصَابَهُمْ مَطَرٌ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْعِيدَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ»","vol":"5","page":101},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-401>الْإِمَامُ يَأْمُرُ مَنْ يُصَلِّي بِضَعَفَةِ النَّاسِ الْعِيدَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ</span>","vol":"5","page":102},{"text":"٦٩٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ الْأَوْدِيِّ، عَنْ هُذَيْلٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا،  «أَمَرَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِضَعَفَةِ النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ»\n\n٦٩٧٢ - وَفِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الْكُوفِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنْ هُذَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"5","page":102},{"text":"٦٩٧٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ حَنَشِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: «صَلُّوا يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ، رَكْعَتَانِ لِلسُّنَّةِ، وَرَكْعَتَانِ لِلْخُرُوجِ»","vol":"5","page":102},{"text":"٦٩٧٤ - قَالَ: وَابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا،  «أَمَرَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِضَعَفَةِ النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ» ⦗١٠٣⦘\n\n٦٩٧٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أَصْحَابِهِ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا،\nفَذَكَرَه\n٦٩٧٦ - ُ أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شِيرَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ.\n\n٦٩٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَانِ حَدِيثَانِ مُخْتَلِفَانِ\n\n٦٩٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: «يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْأَوَّلِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ مَفْصُولَتَيْنِ تَحِيَّةً لِلْمَسْجِدِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ أُخْرَيَيْنِ لِلْعِيدِ»","vol":"5","page":102},{"text":"٦٩٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ: إِذَا صَلَّاهَا أَحَدٌ صَلَّاهَا كَمَا يَفْعَلُ الْإِمَامُ «يُكَبِّرُ فِي الْأُولَى سَبْعًا، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ خَمْسًا قَبْلَ الْقِرَاءَةِ»\n\n٦٩٨٠ - وَهُمْ يَقُولَونَ: الصَّلَاةُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ وَلَا جَمَاعَةَ إِلَّا حَيْثُ هُوَ","vol":"5","page":103},{"text":"٦٩٨١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «إِذَا فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةُ الْعِيدِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ جَمَعَ أَهْلَهُ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ مِثْلَ صَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ فِي الْعِيدِ»\n\n٦٩٨٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَمَرَ مَوْلَاهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي عُتْبَةَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ كَصَلَاةِ أَهْلِ الْمِصْرِ، رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَيُكَبِّرُ بِهِمْ كَتَكْبِيرِهِمْ.\n\n٦٩٨٣ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَعَطَاءٍ: يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ","vol":"5","page":103},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-402>التَّكْبِيرُ فِي أَيَّامِ الْعِيدِ</span>","vol":"5","page":104},{"text":"٦٩٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَيُكَبِّرُ الْحَاجُّ خَلْفَ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ مِنْ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ إِلَى أَنْ يُصَلُّوا ⦗١٠٥⦘ الصُّبْحَ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ثُمَّ يَقْطَعُونَ التَّكْبِيرَ إِذَا كَبَّرُوا خَلْفَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ»\n\n٦٩٨٥ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابٍ عَلِيٌّ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٦٩٨٦ - وَالرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، كَمَا فَسَّرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَذْهَبَهُ","vol":"5","page":104},{"text":"٦٩٨٧ - وَالرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يُكَبِّرُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ»\n\n٦٩٨٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ مِنْ غَدَاةِ عَرَفَةَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ\n\n٦٩٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِأَسَانِيدِهِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ نَحْوَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"5","page":105},{"text":"٦٩٩٠ - وَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ أَيَّامُ أَكَلٍ وَشُرْبٍ، وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى»","vol":"5","page":105},{"text":"٦٩٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، كَانَ  «يُكَبِّرُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ» ⦗١٠٦⦘\n\n٦٩٩٢ - قَالَ: وَابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ غَيْلَانَ بْنِ جَامِعٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"5","page":105},{"text":"٦٩٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا - يُرِيدُ بَعْضَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ - يَقُولُونَ:  «يُكَبِّرُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ»\n\n٦٩٩٤ - وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَالَّذِي قُلْنَا أَشْبَهُ الْأَقَاوِيلِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَعْرِفُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ \"؛\n\n٦٩٩٥ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ لِلتَّلْبِيَةِ وَقْتًا تَنْقَضِي إِلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، وَأَنَّ التَّكْبِيرَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ خَلْفَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَأَوَّلُ صَلَاةٍ تَكُونُ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ التَّلْبِيَةِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ، وَآخِرُ صَلَاةٍ تَكُونُ بِمِنًى صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ\n\n٦٩٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: «يُلَبِّي الْحَاجُّ حَتَّى يَرْمِيَ جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ بِأَوَّلِ حَصَاةٍ، ثُمَّ يَقْطَعُ التَّلْبِيَةَ، فَإِذَا قَطَعَ التَّلْبِيَةَ، فَإِنَّمَا بَعْدَهَا التَّكْبِيرُ»","vol":"5","page":106},{"text":"٦٩٩٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «لَمْ يَزَلْ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ»\n\n٦٩٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗١٠٧⦘ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ\n\n٦٩٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَيُكَبِّرُ أَهْلُ الْآفَاقِ كَمَا يُكَبِّرُ أَهْلُ مِنًى لَا يُخَالِفُوهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَّا فِي أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمُوهُمْ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ، فَلَوِ ابْتَدَءُوا فِي التَّكْبِيرِ خَلْفَ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ مِنْ لَيْلَةِ النَّحْرِ قِيَاسًا عَلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي الْفِطْرِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ مَعَ إِكْمَالِ الْعِدَّةِ، وَأَنَّهُمْ لَيْسُوا مُحْرِمِينَ يُلَبُّونَ، فَيَكْتَفُونَ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ مِنَ التَّكْبِيرِ، لَمْ أَكْرَهْ ذَلِكَ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَسْتَحِبُّ هَذَا.\n\n٧٠٠٠ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضِ السَّلَفِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَبْتَدِئُ التَّكْبِيرَ خَلْفَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ مِنْ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، وَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ التَّوْفِيقَ.\n\n٧٠٠١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ: أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يُكَبِّرَانِ مِنْ غَدَاةِ عَرَفَةَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ\n\n٧٠٠٢ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ حِكَايَةً عَنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ: إِلَى صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ، وَالرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ ضَعِيفَةٌ","vol":"5","page":106},{"text":"٧٠٠٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ، عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ بِالْكُوفَةِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَنْبَسِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْخَرَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْمُؤَذِّنُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا فِطْرُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ ⦗١٠٨⦘، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَمَّارٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ «يَجْهَرُ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَاتِ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَكَانَ يَقْنُتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، وَكَانَ يُكَبِّرُ مِنْ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ صَلَاةَ الْغَدَاةِ وَيَقْطَعُهَا صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ آخِرَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ» هَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ.\n\n٧٠٠٤ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مَشْهُورٌ بِعَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، وَكِلَا الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ، ضَعِيفٌ، وَهَذَا أَمْثَلُهُمَا","vol":"5","page":107},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-403>كَيْفَ التَّكْبِيرُ</span>؟","vol":"5","page":109},{"text":"٧٠٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَالتَّكْبِيرُ كَمَا كَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، فَيَبْدَأُ الْإِمَامُ فَيَقُولُ: \" اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ حَتَّى يَقُولَهَا ثَلَاثًا، وَإِنْ زَادَ تَكْبِيرًا فَحَسَنٌ، وَإِنْ زَادَ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَثِيرًا، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلَا نَعْبُدُ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، صَدَقَ وَعْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ فَحَسَنٌ، وَمَا زَادَ مَعَ هَذَا مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ أَحْبَبْتُهُ لَهُ \"\n\n٧٠٠٦ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَيَخُصُّ التَّكْبِيرَ، لَأَنَّا إِنَّمَا سَمِعْنَا بِالتَّكْبِيرِ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ: فَيَقُولُ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَثِيرًا، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى مَا أَوْلَانَا وَأَبْلَانَا","vol":"5","page":109},{"text":"٧٠٠٧ - وَفِيمَا رَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ \" يُكَبِّرُ فِي الصَّلَوَاتِ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، ثَلَاثًا \" ⦗١١٠⦘\n\n٧٠٠٨ - وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٧٠٠٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُمَا","vol":"5","page":109},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-404>قَضَاءُ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدِ</span>","vol":"5","page":111},{"text":"٧٠١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" سَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْعِيدِ بَعْدَ الشَّمْسِ، وَسَنَّ مَوَاقِيتَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَكَانَ فِيمَا سَنَّ دَلَالَةٌ أَنَّهُ إِنْ جَاءَ وَقْتُ صَلَاةٍ مَضَى وَقْتُ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا، فَلَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرُ وَقْتِهَا إِلَّا إِلَى وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا صَلَاةُ وَقْتٍ يُجْمَعُ فِيهَا، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، خَرَجَ بِالنَّاسِ مِنَ الْغَدِ إِلَى عِيدِهِمْ قُلْنَا بِهِ، وَقُلْنَا أَيْضًا: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْغَدِ، خَرَجَ بِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَدِ وَقُلْنَا: يُصَلِّي فِي يَوْمِهِ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ \"\n\n٧٠١١ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي وَحْشِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَيْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: وَلَوْ نَعْلَمُ هَذَا ثَابِتًا أَخَذْنَا بِهِ.\n\n٧٠١٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْمُسْتَمْلِي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ وَهُوَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي وَحْشِيَّةَ ح","vol":"5","page":111},{"text":"٧٠١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗١١٢⦘ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عُمَيْرِ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عُمُومَةٍ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَصْبَحُوا صِيَامًا فِي رَمَضَانَ فَجَاءَ رَكْبٌ، فَشَهِدُوا أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوْهُ بِالْأَمْسِ،  «فَأَمَرَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِمْ وَإِذَا أَصْبَحُوا أَنْ يَغْدُوا إِلَى مُصَلَّاهُمْ»\n\n٧٠١٤ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ هُشَيْمٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا مِنْ يَوْمِهِمْ وَأَنْ يَخْرُجُوا لِعِيدِهِمْ مِنَ الْغَدِ، وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ\n\n٧٠١٥ - وَعُمُومَةُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَيْهِ عِلْيَةٌ ثِقَاتٌ\n\n٧٠١٦ - وَرَوَاهُ رِبْعِيُّ بْنُ حِرَاشٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَخْرَجَهُمَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ\n\n٧٠١٧ - وَظَاهِرُ هَذَا أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُمْ بِالْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الْغَدِ لِيُصَلُّوا صَلَاةَ الْعِيدِ، وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ هُشَيْمٍ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ حَمَلُهُ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ لِكَيْ يَجْتَمِعُوا فِيهِ فَيَدْعُوا، وَلِيُرَى كَثْرَتُهُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُصَلُّوا صَلَاةَ الْعِيدِ كَمَا أَمَرَ الْحُيَّضَ بِأَنْ يَخْرُجْنَ وَلَا يُصَلِّينَ صَلَاةَ الْعِيدِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْحُيَّضَ شَهِدَتْهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ التَّبَعِ لِغَيْرِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّهُنَّ يَعْتَزِلْنَ الْمُصَلَّى وَيَشْهَدْنَ الْخَيْرَ وَدَعْوَةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَهَاهُنَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِأَنْ ⦗١١٣⦘ يَخْرُجُوا لِعِيدِهِمْ مِنَ الْغَدِ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُمْ بِاعْتِزالِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَكَانَ هَذَا أَوْلَى بِالْبَيَانِ لِكَوْنِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ سَائِرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَكَوْنِ الْحُيَّضِ بِمَعْزِلٍ مِنْ سَائِرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ.\n\n٧٠١٨ - وَقَدِ اسْتَعْمَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِمِثْلِ مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ","vol":"5","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-405>إِذَا أَكْمَلُوا الْعَدَدَ ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ بَعْدَ مُضِيِّ النَّهَارِ أَنَّهُمْ صَامُوا يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، خَرَجُوا لِعِيدِهِمْ مِنْ غَدِهِمْ بِلَا خِلَافٍ</span>","vol":"5","page":114},{"text":"٧٠١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَطَاءِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، مَوْلَى صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْفِطْرُ يَوْمَ تُفْطِرُونَ، وَالْأَضْحَى يَوْمَ تُضَحُّونَ» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَإِنَّمَا كُلِّفَ الْعِبَادُ الظَّاهِرَ ⦗١١٥⦘.\n\n٧٠٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ مَوْقُوفًا، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَوْقُوفًا وَمَرْفُوعًا، وَعَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"5","page":114},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-406>اجْتِمَاعُ الْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":116},{"text":"٧٠٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ عِيدَانِ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ:  «مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَالِيَةِ فَلْيَجْلِسْ فِي غَيْرِ حَرَجٍ»\n\n٧٠٢٢ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَوْصُولًا دُونَ هَذَا السَّنَدِ","vol":"5","page":116},{"text":"٧٠٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ إِيَاسِ بْنِ أَبِي رَمْلَةَ الشَّامِيِّ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَهُوَ يَسْأَلُ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ: هَلْ شَهِدْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِيدَيْنِ اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: كَيْفَ صَنَعَ؟ قَالَ: صَلَّى الْعِيدَ، ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ فَقَالَ:  «مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَلْيُصَلِّ» ⦗١١٧⦘\n\n٧٠٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ: عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"5","page":116},{"text":"٧٠٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، فَجَاءَ فَصَلَّى، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَخَطَبَ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ لَكُمْ فِي يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا عِيدَانِ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَالِيَةِ أَنْ يَنْتَظِرَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَنْتَظِرْهَا، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ فَقَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n٧٠٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَا يَجُوزُ هَذَا لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمِصْرِ، وَحَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى مَنْ حَضَرَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْمِصْرِ، فَيَنْصَرِفُوا إِنْ شَاءُوا إِلَى أَهَالِيهِمْ وَلَا يَعُودُوا لِلْجُمُعَةِ، وَالِاخْتِيَارُ لَهُمْ أَنْ يُقِيمُوا حَتَّى يُجَمِّعُوا إِنْ قَدَرُوا","vol":"5","page":117},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-407>عِبَادَةُ لَيْلَةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":118},{"text":"٧٠٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ثَوْرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قَامَ لَيْلَتِي الْعِيدِ لِلَّهِ مُحْتَسِبًا لَمْ يَمُتْ قَلْبُهُ حِينَ تَمُوتُ الْقُلُوبُ»\n\n٧٠٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُقَالُ: إِنَّ الدُّعَاءَ يُسْتَجَابُ فِي خَمْسِ لَيَالٍ: لَيْلَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَلَيْلَةِ الْأَضْحَى، وَلَيْلَةِ الْفِطْرِ، وَأَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ، وَلَيْلَةِ النِّصْفِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ","vol":"5","page":118},{"text":"٧٠٢٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ مَشْيَخَةً مِنْ خِيَارِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ يَظْهَرُونَ عَلَى مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ الْعِيدَيْنِ فَيَدْعُونَ وَيَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ حَتَّى تَذْهَبَ سَاعَةٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ» ⦗١١٩⦘\n\n٧٠٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يُحْيِي لَيْلَةَ جَمْعٍ، وَلَيْلَةُ جَمْعٍ هِيَ: لَيْلَةُ الْعِيدِ؛ لِأَنَّ فِي صَبِيحَتِهَا النَّحْرَ.\n\n٧٠٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَنَا أَسْتَحِبُّ، كُلَّمَا حَكَيْتُ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيَالِي مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَرْضًا","vol":"5","page":118},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-408>٧ - كِتَابُ صَلَاةِ الْخُسُوفِ</span>","vol":"5","page":123},{"text":"٧٠٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ⦗١٢٤⦘ ﵎: \" ﴿وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ لَا تَسْجُدُوا لِلشَّمْسِ وَلَا لِلْقَمَرِ وَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُنَّ إنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٧] \" الْآيَةَ\n\n٧٠٣٣ - وَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ﴾ الْآيَةَ","vol":"5","page":123},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-409>مَعَ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنَ الْآيَاتِ فِي كِتَابِهِ</span>\n٧٠٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الْآيَاتِ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَعَهَا سُجُودًا إِلَّا مَعَ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَنْ لَا يُسْجَدَ لَهُمَا، وَأَمَرَ بِأَنْ يُسْجَدَ لَهُ فَاحْتَمَلَ أَمْرُهُ أَنْ يُسْجَدَ لَهُ عِنْدَ ذِكْرِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ بِأَنْ يَأْمُرَ بِالصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَ حَادِثٍ فِي الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ وَاحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنِ السُّجُودِ لَهُمَا، كَمَا نَهَى عَنْ عِبَادَةِ مَا سِوَاهُ\n\n٧٠٣٥ - فَدَلَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ لِلَّهِ عِنْدَ كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ\n\n٧٠٣٦ - فَأَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مَعْنَيَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنْ يُصَلَّى عِنْدَ كُسُوفِهِمَا، لَا يَخْتَلِفَانِ فِي ذَلِكَ وَأَنْ لَا يُؤْمَرَ عِنْدَ كُلِّ آيَةٍ كَانَتْ فِي غَيْرِهِمَا بِالصَّلَاةِ كَمَا أَمَرَ بِهَا عِنْدَهُمَا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ صَلَاةً، وَالصَّلَاةُ فِي كُلِّ حَالٍ طَاعَةٌ وَغِبْطَةٌ لِمَنْ صَلَّاهَا\n\n٧٠٣٧ - فَيُصَلِّي عِنْدَ كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ صَلَاةَ جَمَاعَةٍ، وَلَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ غَيْرِهِمَا","vol":"5","page":124},{"text":"٧٠٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ يَوْمَ مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ابْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِمَوْتِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗١٢٥⦘:  «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَا يَنْكَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَافْزَعُوا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَإِلَى الصَّلَاةِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ","vol":"5","page":124},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-410>كَيْفَ يُصَلَّى فِي الْخُسُوفِ</span>؟","vol":"5","page":126},{"text":"٧٠٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالنَّاسُ مَعَهُ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا نَحْوًا مِنْ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا، وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَقَدْ تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ، لَا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ، فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ» قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَأَيْنَاكَ تَنَاوَلْتَ شَيْئًا فِي مَقَامِكَ هَذَا، ثُمَّ رَأَيْنَاكَ تَكَعْكَعْتَ فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْجَنَّةَ، فَتَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا عُنْقُودًا، وَلَوْ أَخَذْتُهُ لَأَكَلْتُمْ مِنْهُ مَا بَقِيَتِ الدُّنْيَا، وَرَأَيْتُ النَّارَ، فَلَمْ أَرَ كَالْيَوْمِ مَنْظَرًا قَطُّ أَفْظَعَ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِهَا النِّسَاءَ» قَالُوا: لِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «لِكُفْرِهِنَّ» قِيلَ: أَيَكْفُرْنَ بِاللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: \" وَيَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ، وَيَكْفُرْنَ الْإِحْسَانَ، لَوْ ⦗١٢٨⦘ أَحْسَنْتَ إِلَى إِحْدَاهُنَّ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ، ثُمَّ رَأَتْ مِنْكَ شَيْئًا قَالَتْ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْكَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ \"\n\n٧٠٤٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَقَدْ تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ وَقَالَ: «فَلَمْ أَرَ كَالْيَوْمِ مَنْظَرًا قَطُّ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"5","page":127},{"text":"٧٠٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «صَلَّى فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ» ⦗١٢٩⦘\n\n٧٠٤٢ - كَذَا رَوَاهُ مُرْسَلًا، وَكَثِيرُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"5","page":128},{"text":"٧٠٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: وَكَانَ كَثِيرُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَلَّى فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ» مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ «صَلَّى فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ","vol":"5","page":129},{"text":"٧٠٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبِسْطَامِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نَمِرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُنَادِيًا: أَنِ الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةً، فَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَكَبَّرَ وَافْتَتَحَ الْقُرْآنَ، وَقَرَأَ قِرَاءَةً طَوِيلَةً يَجْهَرُ بِهَا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا ثُمَّ قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ»، ثُمَّ افْتَتَحَ الْقُرْآنَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ لَمْ يَسْجُدْ، فَقَرَأَ قِرَاءَةً طَوِيلَةً هِيَ أَدْنَى مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَرَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا، وَهُوَ أَدْنَى مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ»، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ فَعَلَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَاسْتَكْمَلَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ - يَعْنِي فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ - وَأَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ، وَانْجَلَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهَا فَافْزَعُوا لِلصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٧٠٤٥ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَكَانَ كَثِيرُ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يُخْبِرُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٧٠٤٦ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لِعُرْوَةَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَخُوكَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، انْخَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَهُوَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ زَمَنَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسِيرَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَمَا صَلَّى إِلَّا مِثْلَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: أَجَلْ، إِنَّهُ أَخْطَأَ السُّنَّةَ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ مُخْتَصَرًا\n\n٧٠٤٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ⦗١٣١⦘ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِطُولِهِ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ قَالَ: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَخَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَصَفَّ النَّاسُ وَرَاءَهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْجَهْرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ فِي الْجَهْرِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ دُونَ حَدِيثِ كَثِيرٍ\n\n٧٠٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح","vol":"5","page":130},{"text":"٧٠٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالنَّاسِ، فَقَامَ فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ، وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ، وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ، ثُمَّ فَعَلَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْآخِرَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَقَدْ تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:  «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ، وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَادْعُوا اللَّهَ وَكَبِّرُوا، وَتَصَدَّقُوا» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَاللَّهِ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَغْيَرَ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَزْنِيَ عَبْدُهُ أَوْ تَزْنِيَ أَمَتُهُ يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَاللَّهِ لَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ مَا أَعْلَمُ، لَضَحِكْتُمْ قَلِيلًا، وَلَبَكَيْتُمْ كَثِيرًا» ⦗١٣٢⦘\n\n٧٠٥٠ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَحَدِيثُ الرَّبِيعِ مُخْتَصَرًا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"5","page":131},{"text":"٧٠٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدٍ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح.\n\n٧٠٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً جَاءَتْ تَسْأَلُهَا فَقَالَتْ: أَعَاذَكِ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ فَسَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُعَذَّبُ النَّاسُ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، «عَائِذًا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكُمْ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ غَدَاةٍ، مَرْكَبًا فَخَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَرَجَعَ ضُحًى فَمَرَّ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيِ الْحِجْرِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ يُصَلِّي وَقَامَ النَّاسُ وَرَاءَهُ فَقَامَ طَوِيلًا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا ⦗١٣٣⦘ طَوِيلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ طَوِيلًا، وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا، وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ ثُمَّ قَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا، وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أنْ يَقُولَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَتَعَوَّذُوا مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"5","page":132},{"text":"٧٠٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ تُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: أَتَتْنِي يَهُودِيَّةٌ فَقَالَتْ: أَعَاذَكِ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ سُجُودًا طَوِيلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سُجُودًا طَوِيلًا، وَهُوَ دُونَ السُّجُودِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ فَعَلَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ مِثْلَهُ، فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ صَلَاتُهُ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَأَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ قَالَتْ: فَسَمِعْتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا لَنُعَذَّبُ فِي ⦗١٣٤⦘ قُبُورِنَا؟ فَقَالَ:  «إِنَّكُمْ لَتُفْتَنُونَ فِي قُبُورِكُمْ كَفِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ» أَوْ «كَفِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٧٠٥٤ - وَاتَّفَقَا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي طُولِ السُّجُودِ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا:","vol":"5","page":133},{"text":"٧٠٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا \" انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نُودِيَ: الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةً فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي سَجْدَةٍ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي سَجْدَةٍ، ثُمَّ جُلِّيَ عَنِ الشَّمْسِ \" قَالَ: فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «مَا سَجَدَ سُجُودًا قَطُّ كَانَ أَطْوَلَ مِنْهُ»\n\n٧٠٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْحُرْفِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ثُمَّ جَلَسَ حَتَّى جُلِّيَ عَنِ الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «مَا سَجَدْتُ سُجُودًا قَطُّ، وَلَا رَكَعْتُ رُكُوعًا قَطُّ أَطْوَلَ مِنْهُ» ⦗١٣٥⦘\n\n٧٠٥٧ - وَحَفِظَ أَيْضًا طُولُ السُّجُودِ: يَعْلَى بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":134},{"text":"٧٠٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، يَعْنِي مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ، وَعَمْرَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ كَسَفَتْ، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَوَصَفَتْ صَلَاتَهُ: رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ \"","vol":"5","page":135},{"text":"٧٠٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ: «خَسَفَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَصَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَكْعَتَيْنِ بِالنَّاسِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٧٠٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ ⦗١٣٦⦘\n\n٧٠٦١ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَاعِدٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ،.\n\n٧٠٦٢ - كَمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ فَهُوَ مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ.\n\n٧٠٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ»","vol":"5","page":135},{"text":"٧٠٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ آيَةٌ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهَا فَصَلُّوا»\n\n٧٠٦٥ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ لِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَصْلًا فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ.\n\n٧٠٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَذَكَرَ هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"5","page":136},{"text":"٧٠٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي يَوْمٍ شَدِيدِ الْحَرِّ، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَصْحَابِهِ فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ حَتَّى جَعَلُوا يَخِرُّونَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَأَطَالَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَأَطَالَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَصَنَعَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَكَانَتْ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَأَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ» عُرِضَ عَلَيَّ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ، فَعُرِضَ عَلَيَّ الْجَنَّةُ حَتَّى لَوْ تَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا قِطْفًا أَخَذْتُهُ \" أَوْ قَالَ: \" تَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا قِطْفًا فَقَصُرَتْ يَدِي عَنْهُ، وَعُرِضَ عَلَيَّ النَّارُ فَرَأَيْتُ فِيهَا امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ تُعَذَّبُ فِي هِرَّةٍ لَهَا رَبَطَتْهَا، فَلَمْ تُطْعِمْهَا، وَلَمْ تَدَعْهَا تَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَشَاشِ الْأَرْضِ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَبَا ثُمَامَةَ عَمْرَو بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَجُرُّ قَصَبَهُ فِي النَّارِ، وَأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَا يَخْسِفَانِ إِلَّا لِمَوْتِ عَظِيمٍ، وَإِنَّهُمَا آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ يُرِيكُمُوهَا، فَإِذَا خُسِفَا فَصَلُّوا حَتَّى تَنْجَلِيَ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ الدَّوْرَقِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ\n\n٧٠٦٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَالِيًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ عَنْ هِشَامٍ ⦗١٣٨⦘.\n\n٧٠٦٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا صَلَاةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْخُسُوفِ رَكْعَتَيْنٍ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رُكُوعَيْنِ وَسُجُودَيْنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ\n\n٧٠٧٠ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِنْ جِهَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، مِنْ جِهَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ.\n\n٧٠٧١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعُرَنِيِّ، أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ صَلَّى بِالْمَدَائِنِ مِثْلَ صَلَاةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْكُسُوفِ","vol":"5","page":137},{"text":"٧٠٧٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، أَوْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ  «صَلَّى عَلَى ظَهْرِ زَمْزَمَ لِخُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ رَكْعَتَيْنٍ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٧٠٧٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ، مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ","vol":"5","page":138},{"text":"٧٠٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ  «صَلَّى فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٧٠٧٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّهُ صَلَّاهَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَبِهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"5","page":138},{"text":"٧٠٧٦ - وَأَمَّا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ ⦗١٣٩⦘، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ قَالَ: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَخَرَجَ فَزِعًا يَجُرُّ ثَوْبَهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُصَلِّي حَتَّى انْجَلَتْ، فَلَمَّا انْجَلَتْ قَالَ:  «إِنَّ نَاسًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَا يَنْكَسِفَانِ إِلَّا لِمَوْتِ عَظِيمٍ مِنَ الْعُظَمَاءِ، وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَا يَنْكَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَصَلُّوا»\n\n٧٠٧٧ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ مِنَ النُّعْمَانِ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ عَنْهُ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَجَعَلَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَيُسَلِّمُ، وَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَيُسَلِّمُ، حَتَّى انْجَلَتِ الشَّمْسُ ⦗١٤٠⦘\n\n٧٠٧٨ - وَقِيلَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ الْهِلَالِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٧٠٧٩ - وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ قَبِيصَةَ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ «فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَصَلُّوا كَأَحْدَثِ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّيْتُمُوهَا مِنَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ»\n\n٧٠٨٠ - وَرَوَى الْحَسَنُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \" قَالَ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ: كَمَا تُصَلُّونَ، وَفِي أُخْرَى: مِثْلَ صَلَاتِكُمْ هَذِهِ فِي خُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ","vol":"5","page":138},{"text":"٧٠٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِثْلَ صَلَاتِكُمْ هَذِهِ فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ»","vol":"5","page":140},{"text":"٧٠٨٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ حَسَّانَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْكُسُوفِ قَالَ: فَانْتَهَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ «رَافِعٌ يَدَيْهِ، يُسَبِّحُ وَيَحْمَدُ وَيُهَلِّلُ وَيُكَبِّرُ وَيَدْعُو حَتَّى حُسِرَ عَنِ الشَّمْسِ، فَقَرَأَ سُورَتَيْنِ وَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٧٠٨٣ - وَهَذَا يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ: قَرَأَ سُورَتَيْنِ وَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ.\n\n٧٠٨٤ - وَلَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ مَا يَرُدُّهُ، وَحَمْلُهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَوْلَى، لِيَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِمَا مَضَى مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ","vol":"5","page":141},{"text":"٧٠٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْعَبْدِيِّ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا سَمُرَةُ بْنُ جُنْدُبٍ فَحَدَّثَنَا فِي خُطْبَتِهِ حَدِيثًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا وَشَابٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ نَتَنَصَّلُ بَيْنَ غَرَضَيْنِ لَنَا ارْتَفَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ اسْوَدَّتْ حَتَّى آضَتْ كَأَنَّهَا تَنُّومَةٌ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُنَا لِصَاحِبِهِ: انْطَلِقْ بِنَا فَوَاللَّهِ لَتُحْدِثَنَّ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَدِيثًا فِي أَصْحَابِهِ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا، فَدَفَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَهُوَ يَأْذَنُ بِجَمْعٍ كَثِيرٍ فَوَافَقْنَا خُرُوجَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِنَا ⦗١٤٢⦘، فَقَامَ كَأَطْوَلِ مَا قَامَ فِي صَلَاةٍ قَطُّ، لَا يُسْمَعُ لَهُ حِسًّا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ كَأَطْوَلِ مَا رَكَعَ فِي صَلَاةٍ قَطُّ، لَا يُسْمَعُ لَهُ حِسًّا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ، ثُمَّ فَعَلَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَوَافَقَ فَرَاغَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ تَجَلِّيَ الشَّمْسِ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطِيبًا - أَوْ قَالَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ - فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ رِجَالًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ كُسُوفَ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسِ، وَكُسُوفَ هَذَا الْقَمَرِ، وَزَوَالَ هَذِهِ النُّجُومِ عَنْ مَطَالِعِهَا لِمَوْتِ عُظَمَاءَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ، وَقَدْ كَذَبُوا، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ وَلَكِنَّهَا آيَاتٌ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ، لِيَنْظُرَ مَنْ يُحْدِثُ لَهُ مِنْهُمْ تَوْبَةً، أَلَا وَإِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ فِي مَقَامِي هَذَا مَا أَنْتُمْ لَاقُونَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَلَنْ تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ ثَلَاثُونَ دَجَّالًا كَذَّابًا كُلُّهُمْ يَكْذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، آخِرُهُمُ الْأَعْوَرُ الدَّجَّالُ مَمْسُوحُ الْعَيْنِ الْيُمْنَى كَأَنَّهَا عَيْنُ أَبِي تَحْيَى لِرَجُلٍ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ حُجْرَةِ عَائِشَةَ - فَمَنْ صَدَّقَهُ وَآمَنَ بِهِ، لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ صَالِحٌ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ سَلَفَ، وَمَنْ كَذَّبَهُ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ سَلَفَ»\n\n٧٠٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: \" هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ كُلُّهَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَى صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي خُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ يَوْمَ مَاتَ ابْنُهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﵇.\n\n٧٠٨٧ - فَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ أَثْبَتَ مَنْ سَمَّيْنَاهُمْ رُكُوعَهُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَالْمُثْبِتُ شَاهِدٌ، فَالرُّجُوعُ إِلَى رِوَايَتِهِمْ أَوْلَى ⦗١٤٣⦘.\n\n٧٠٨٨ - وَقَدْ أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ، بِمَا فِيهِ كِفَايَةٌ","vol":"5","page":141},{"text":"٧٠٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْكُسُوفِ فَقَالَ:  «يُصَلِّي فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَمَا يُصَلِّي النَّاسُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، لَيْسَ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٧٠٩٠ - فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ بَعْضَ حَدِيثِنَا فَقَالَ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ، وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذْنَا بِحَدِيثٍ لَنَا غَيْرَهُ","vol":"5","page":143},{"text":"٧٠٩١ - فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ  «ﷺ صَلَّى فِي الْكُسُوفِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ نَحْوًا مِنْ صَلَاتِكُمْ هَذِهِ»\n\n٧٠٩٢ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ فِي مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٧٠٩٣ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَلَسْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ إِذَا جَاءَ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ فَاخْتَلَفَا فَكَانَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ زِيَادَةٌ، كَانَ الْجَائِي بِالزِّيَادَةِ أَوْلَى بِأَنْ يُقْبَلَ قَوْلُهُ لِأَنَّهُ أَثْبَتَ مَا لَمْ يُثْبِتِ الَّذِي نَقَصَ الْحَدِيثَ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، فَقُلْتُ: فَفِي حَدِيثِنَا الزِّيَادَةُ الَّتِي تَسْمَعُ فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُهُ: عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: فَالنُّعْمانُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ يَقُولُ: صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَلَا يَذْكُرُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قُلْتُ: فَالنُّعْمانُ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ نَظَرَ فَلَمْ يَتَجَلَّ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، أَفَنَأْخُذُ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: فَأَنْتَ إِذًا تُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ وَحَدِيثِنَا، وَلَيْسَ لَكَ فِي حَدِيثِ النُّعْمَانِ حُجَّةً إِلَّا مَالِكٍ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَسَمُرَةَ، وَأَنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ إسْنَادَنَا فِي حَدِيثِنَا مِنْ أَثْبَتِ إِسْنَادِ النَّاسِ هَذَا جَوَابُهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ ⦗١٤٤⦘.\n\n٧٠٩٤ - وَأَجَابَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، بِأَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَصِفَ الصَّلَاةَ كُلَّهَا.\n\n٧٠٩٥ - وَقَدْ يُرِيدُ عَدَدَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَا يَذْكُرُ عَدَدَ الرُّكُوعِ فِيهَا وَلَوْ قَالَ: لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَسَائِرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا حُجَّةً؛ لِأَنَّ الَّذِي حَفِظَ الزِّيَادَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَاهِدٌ، وَهَذَا غَيْرُ شَاهِدٍ.\n\n٧٠٩٦ - قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا أَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ جَعَلَ الْقَوْمُ يَرْفَعُونَ رُءُوسَهُمْ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُونَهَا، فَظَنَّ مَنْ حُدِّثَ هَذَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ.\n\n٧٠٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: وَقَفْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَى جَنْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يُحَدِّدُ قِيَامَهُ فَيَقُولُ: «قَدْرَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ» وَيُحَدِّدُ رُكُوعَهُ، ثُمَّ يُحَدِّدُ قِيَامَهُ بَعْدَ رُكُوعِهِ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رُكُوعُهُ بَعْدَ قِيَامِهِ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رُكُوعُهُ بَعْدَ قِيَامِهِ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَتُحَدِّدُهُ عَائِشَةَ أَفَتَرَى التَّحْدِيدَ يَكُونُ عَلَى التَّوَهُّمِ.\n\n٧٠٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ زِيَادَةٌ حِكَايَةُ ذِكْرِ الرَّفْعِ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ.\n\n٧٠٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُظَنَّ بِمُسْلِمٍ هَذَا وَمَا رَوَاهُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْإِحَاطَةِ، وَلَوْ شَكُّوا فِيهِ لَكَانُوا إِلَى أَنْ يَسْكُتُوا عَمَّا شَكُّوا فِيهِ أَقْرَبَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَقُولُوا بِهِ وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُتَوَهَّمَ هَذَا عَلَى سُنَّةٍ مَرْوِيَّةٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ يُعْمَلُ بِهِ عِنْدَنَا إِلَى الْيَوْمِ.\n\n٧١٠٠ - وَإِنْ جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْ خَلْفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ قَبْلَهُ، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونُوا رَفَعُوا مَرَّةً، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونُوا رَفَعُوا ثَلَاثِينَ مَرَّةً","vol":"5","page":143},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-411>مَنْ رَوَى ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي رَكْعَةٍ</span>","vol":"5","page":145},{"text":"٧١٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَقَالَ: رَوَى بَعْضُكُمْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" صَلَّى ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَتَقُولُ بِهِ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ لِمَ لَمْ تَقُلْ بِهِ أَنْتَ؟ وَهُوَ زِيَادَةٌ عَلَى حَدِيثِكُمْ، وَلِمَ لَمْ تُثْبِتْهُ؟ قُلْتُ: هُوَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَنَحْنُ لَا نُثْبِتُ الْمُنْقَطِعَ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ، وَوَجْهٌ يَرَاهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ غَلَطًا \"","vol":"5","page":145},{"text":"٧١٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِالْمُنْقَطِعِ فِيمَا أَظُنُّ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَطَاءً يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ أُصَدِّقُ: يُرِيدُ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ انْكَسَفَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَامَ قِيَامًا شَدِيدًا يَقُومُ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ يَرْكَعُ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ ثُمَّ يَرْكَعُ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ، ثُمَّ يَرْكَعُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي ثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ، وَأَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ، فَانْصَرَفَ وَقَدْ تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، ثُمَّ يَرْكَعُ، وَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ» فَقَامَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَا يَنْكَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُمَا مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ، يُخَوِّفُ اللَّهُ بِهِمَا عِبَادَهُ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ كُسُوفًا فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ حَتَّى يَنْجَلِيَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ أُصَدِّقُ حَسِبْتُهُ يُرِيدُ عَائِشَةَ\n\n٧١٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَقَالُوا، فِيهِ: ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ عَائِشَةَ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَيَرْكَعُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ.\n\n٧١٠٤ - وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَقَالَ: سِتَّ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ ⦗١٤٧⦘\n\n٧١٠٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ جَرِيحٍ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ عَطَاءً إِنَّمَا أَسْنَدَهُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِالظَّنِّ وَالْحُسْبَانِ لَا بِالْيَقِينِ وَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ عَدَدُ الرُّكُوعِ فِيهِ مَحْفُوظًا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَعُمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِخِلَافِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ كَمَا تَوَهَّمَهُ، فَعُرْوَةُ، وَعُمْرَةُ أَخَصُّ بِعَائِشَةَ وَأَلْزَمُ لَهَا مِنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، وَهُمَا اثْنَانِ، فَرِوَايَتُهُمَا أَوْلَى أَنْ تَكُونَ هِيَ الْمَحْفُوظَةُ.\n\n٧١٠٦ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، مَوْلَى عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، أَخْبَرَتْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ عُرْوَةَ وَعُمْرَةَ","vol":"5","page":146},{"text":"٧١٠٧ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي يَرَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ غَلَطًا فَأَحْسَبُهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: \" انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ابْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: إِنَّمَا انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِمَوْتِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ سِتَّ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ، بَدَأَ فَكَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ فَأَطَالَ الْقِرَاءَةَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحْوًا مِمَّا قَامَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ فَقَرَأَ قِرَاءَةً دُونَ الْقِرَاءَةِ الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحْوًا مِمَّا قَامَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ فَقَرَأَ قِرَاءَةً دُونَ الْقِرَاءَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحْوًا مِمَّا قَامَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، ثُمَّ انْحَدَرَ بِالسُّجُودِ فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَرَكَعَ أَيْضًا ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ لَيْسَ مِنْهَا رَكْعَةٌ إِلَّا الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا أَطْوَلُ مِنَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا، وَرُكُوعُهُ نَحْوًا مِنْ سُجُودِهِ، ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ وَتَأَخَّرَتِ الصُّفُوفُ خَلْفَهُ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى النِّسَاءِ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ وَتَقَدَّمَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي مَقَامِهِ فَانْصَرَفَ حِينَ انْصَرَفَ وَقَدْ أَضَاءَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ: \" يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ، وَإِنَّهُمَا لَا يَنْكَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ بَشَرٍ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَصَلُّوا حَتَّى تَنْجَلِيَ مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ تُوعَدُونَهُ إِلَّا وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي صَلَاتِي هَذِهِ حَتَّى جِيءَ بِالنَّارِ، وَذَلِكُمْ حِينَ رَأَيْتُمُونِي تَأَخَّرْتُ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُصِيبَنِيَ مِنْ لَفْحِهَا، وَحَتَّى رَأَيْتُ فِيهَا صَاحِبَ ⦗١٤٨⦘ الْمِحْجَنِ يَجُرُّ قَصَبَهُ فِي النَّارِ، كَانَ يَسْرِقُ مَتَاعَ الْحَاجِّ بِمِحْجَنِهِ فَإِنْ فَطَنَ لَهُ قَالَ: إِنَّهُ تَعَلَّقَ بِمِحْجَنِي، وَإِنْ غَفَلَ عَنْهُ ذَهَبَ بِهِ، وَحَتَّى رَأَيْتُ فِيهَا صَاحِبَةَ الْهِرَّةِ الَّتِي رَبَطَتْهَا فَلَمْ تُطْعِمْهَا وَلَمْ تَدَعْهَا تَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَشَاشِ الْأَرْضِ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ جُوعًا ثُمَّ جِيءَ بِالْجَنَّةِ وَذَلِكُمْ حِينَ رَأَيْتُمُونِي تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى قُمْتُ فِي مَقَامِي، وَلَقَدْ مَدَدْتُ يَدِي وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَنَاوَلَ مِنْ ثَمَرِهَا لِتَنْظُرُوا إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ لَا أَفْعَلَ فَمَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ تُوعَدُونَهُ إِلَّا وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي صَلَاتِي هَذِهِ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ\n\n٧١٠٨ - وَمَنْ نَظَرَ فِي قِصَّةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقِصَّةُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَلِمَ أَنَّهَا قِصَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَأَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الَّتِي أَخْبَرَ عَنْهَا، إِنَّمَا فَعَلَهَا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﵇، فِيمَا زَعَمَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَقَالَهُ أَيْضًا: الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ، وَأَبُو مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يُبَيِّنَا كَيْفِيَّةَ الصَّلَاةِ.\n\n٧١٠٩ - ثُمَّ وَقَعَ الْخِلَافُ بَيْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَبَيْنَ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي عَدَدِ رَكَعَاتِ الرُّكُوعِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ، فَوَجَدْنَا رِوَايَةَ هِشَامٍ أَوْلَى لِكَوْنِهِ مَعَ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ أَحْفَظُ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَلِمُوَافَقَةِ رِوَايَتِهِ فِي عَدَدِ الرُّكُوعِ رِوَايَةَ عُرْوَةَ، وَعُمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَرِوَايَةَ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرِوَايَةَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، ثُمَّ رِوَايَةَ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَقَدْ خُولِفَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَقَتَادَةُ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ.\n\n٧١١٠ - فَرِوَايَةُ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ الَّتِي، لَمْ يَقَعْ فِيهَا الْخِلَافُ ⦗١٤٩⦘، وَيُوَافِقُهَا عَدَدٌ كَثِيرٌ أَوْلَى مِنْ رِوَايَتَيْ عَطَاءٍ اللَّتَيْنِ إِنَّمَا يُسْنِدُ إِحْدَاهُمَا بِالتَّوَهُّمِ، وَالْأُخْرَى يَنْفَرِدُ بِهَا عَنْهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الَّذِي قَدْ أُخِذَ عَلَيْهِ الْغَلَطُ فِي غَيْرِ حَدِيثٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"5","page":147},{"text":"٧١١١ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ صَلَّى فِي كُسُوفٍ فَقَرَأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، وَالْأُخْرَى مِثْلَهَا»\n\n٧١١٢ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: صَلَّى ثَمَانِيَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَأَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ.\n\n٧١١٣ - وَذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، وَحَبِيبٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ ثِقَةً فَكَانَ يُدَلِّسُ وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنُ سَمَاعَهُ فِيهِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَمَلَهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ مَوْثُوقٍ بِهِ وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ فِي رَفْعِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ سُلَيْمَانُ الْأَحْوَلُ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي رَكْعَةٍ، وَقَدْ خُولِفَ سُلَيْمَانُ أَيْضًا فِي عَدَدِ الرُّكُوعِ، فَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ.\n\n٧١١٤ - كَمَا رَوَاهُ عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٧١١٥ - وَقَدْ أَعْرَضَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ، فَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْ شَيْئًا مِنْهَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِنَّ مَا هُوَ أَصَحُّ إِسْنَادًا وَأَكْثَرُ عَدَدًا وَأَوْثَقُ رِجَالًا ⦗١٥٠⦘\n\n٧١١٦ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ عَنْهُ: أَصَحُّ الرِّوَايَاتِ عِنْدِي فِي صَلَاةِ الْكُسُوفِ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ\n\n٧١١٧ - وَقَدْ أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ رِوَايَةِ، سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: وَهَلْ يُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، صَلَاةُ ثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ؟","vol":"5","page":149},{"text":"٧١١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْنَا نَعَمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ طَاوُوسًا، يَقُولُ:  «خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَصَلَّى بِنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي صُفَّةِ زَمْزَمَ سِتَّ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ»\n\n٧١١٩ - فَقَالَ: فَمَا جَعَلَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَثْبَتُ مِنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،؟.\n\n٧١٢٠ - قُلْتُ: الدَّلَالَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مُوَافَقَةُ حَدِيثِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْهُ.\n\n٧١٢١ - قَالَ: فَأَيْنَ الدَّلَالَةُ عَنْهُ؟","vol":"5","page":150},{"text":"٧١٢٢ - قِيلَ: رَوَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، أَوْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ صَلَّى عَلَى ظَهْرِ زَمْزَمَ فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n٧١٢٣ - وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لَا يُصَلِّي فِي الْخُسُوفِ خِلَافَ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n٧١٢٤ - وَإِذَا كَانَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، وَعَمْرٌو، أَوْ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَسَنُ يَرْوُونَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، خِلَافَ مَا رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ الْأَحْوَلُ، كَانَتْ رِوَايَةُ ثَلَاثَةٍ أَوْلَى أَنْ تُقْبَلَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ أَكْثَرُ حَدِيثًا وَأَشْهُرُ بِالْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْ سُلَيْمَانَ","vol":"5","page":150},{"text":"٧١٢٥ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ  «صَلَّى فِي زَلْزَلَةٍ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ»\n\n٧١٢٦ - قُلْتُ: لَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ خُسُوفِ الْقَمَرِ وَالشَّمْسِ وَالزَّلْزَلَةِ، وَإِنْ سَوَّى بَيْنَهُمَا فَأَحَادِيثُنَا أَكْثَرُ وَأَثْبَتُ مِمَّا رَوَيْتُ، فَأَخَذْنَا بِالْأَكْثَرِ الْأَثْبَتِ","vol":"5","page":151},{"text":"٧١٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا،  «صَلَّى فِي كُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ خَمْسَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَأَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ»\n\n٧١٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ - يُرِيدُ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ - يَقُولُ بِهَذَا.\n\n٧١٢٩ - أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ بِالَّذِي رُوِّينَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَأَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ، وَقَالُوا هُمْ: يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَمَا يُصَلِّي سَائِرَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، فَخَالَفُوا سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَخَالَفُوا مَا رَوَوْا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n٧١٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «رِوَايَةُ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، لَمْ تَثْبُتْ، وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يَرَوْنَهَا مُرْسَلَةً».\n\n٧١٣١ - وَرَوَاهُ حَنَشٌ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ثَمَانِ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ، وَحَنَشٌ هَذَا غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ ⦗١٥٢⦘.\n\n٧١٣٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا خَمْسَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٧١٣٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، مَرْفُوعًا خَمْسَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ.\n\n٧١٣٤ - وَصَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّا بِمِثْلِ إِسْنَادِ حُذَيْفَةَ.\n\n٧١٣٥ - وَذَهَبَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ إِلَى تَصْحِيحِ الرِّوَايَاتِ فِي عَدَدِ الرَّكَعَاتِ وَحَمَلُوهَا عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَعَلَهَا مَرَّاتٍ، وَأَنَّ الْجَمِيعَ جَائِزٌ.\n\n٧١٣٦ - فَمِمَّنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الضُّبَعِيُّ، وَأَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ، واسْتَحْسَنَهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ صَاحِبُ الْخِلَافِيَّاتِ.\n\n٧١٣٧ - وَالَّذِي ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثُمَّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ تَرْجِيحِ الْأَخْبَارِ أَوْلَى، لِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ رُجُوعِ الْأَخْبَارِ إِلَى حِكَايَةِ صَلَاتِهِ يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٧١٣٨ - فَأَمَّا الْإسْرَارُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ سَمُرَةَ","vol":"5","page":151},{"text":"٧١٣٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، كُلٌّ قَدْ حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ⦗١٥٣⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَقَامَ فَحَزَرْتُ قِرَاءَتَهُ قَرِيبٌ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ» قَالَ: - وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ - ثُمَّ قَامَ فَأَطَالَ الْقِرَاءَةَ فَحَزَرْتُ قِرَاءَتَهُ قَرِيبٌ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ آلِ عِمْرَانَ","vol":"5","page":152},{"text":"٧١٤٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ نَمِر، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ:  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَهَرَ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ»\n\n٧١٤١ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْجَهْرِ أَصَحُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَمُرَةَ.\n\n٧١٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «لَكِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِأَصَحَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ»\n\n٧١٤٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قِرَاءَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي خُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ بِنَحْو مِنْ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ ⦗١٥٤⦘\n\n٧١٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مَا قَرَأَ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ سَمِعَهُ لَمْ يُقَدِّرْهُ بِغَيْرِهِ","vol":"5","page":153},{"text":"٧١٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «قُمْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي صَلَاةِ خُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ، فَمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ حَرْفًا»","vol":"5","page":154},{"text":"٧١٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْكُسُوفِ فَمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ حَرْفًا وَاحِدًا»\n\n٧١٤٧ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ","vol":"5","page":154},{"text":"٧١٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَشْيَبُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْكُسُوفِ فَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ حَرْفًا فِيهَا حَرْفًا مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ»\n\n٧١٤٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ فَهُمْ عَدَدٌ، وَرِوَايَتُهُمْ هَذِهِ تُوَافِقُ الرِّوَايَةَ الصَّحِيحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَتُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَتُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَيُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ.\n\n٧١٥٠ - وَإِنَّمَا الْجَهْرُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَقَطْ وَهُوَ وَإِنْ كَانَ حَافِظًا فَيُشْبِهُ «أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَدَدُ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ»","vol":"5","page":154},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-412>الصَّلَاةُ فِي خُسُوفِ الْقَمَرِ</span>","vol":"5","page":155},{"text":"٧١٥١ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي صَلَاةِ خُسُوفِ الْقَمَرِ بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ:  «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ» وَبِقَوْلِهِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ: «فَافْزَعُوا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، وَإِلَى الصَّلَاةِ» وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إسْنَادَهُمَا","vol":"5","page":155},{"text":"٧١٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ الْقَمَرَ، كَسَفَ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، فَخَرَجَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ فَخَطَبَنَا فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتُ كَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي، وَقَالَ:  «إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَا يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ شَيْئًا مِنْهُمَا خَاسِفًا فَلْيَكُنْ فَزَعُكُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿»","vol":"5","page":155},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-413>الصَّلَاةُ فِي الزَّلْزَلَةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":156},{"text":"٧١٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ:  «لَا أَرَى أَنْ يَجْمَعَ صَلَاةً عِنْدَ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ غَيْرِ الْكُسُوفِ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ آيَاتٌ فَمَا عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِالصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَ شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا، وَلَا أَحَدًا مِنْ خُلَفَائِهِ»\n\n٧١٥٤ - وَقَدْ زُلْزِلَتِ الْأَرْضُ فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَمَا عَلِمْنَاهُ صَلَّى وَقَدْ قَامَ خَطِيبًا، فَحَضَّ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ، وَأَمَرَ بِالتَّوْبَةِ ⦗١٥٧⦘.\n\n٧١٥٥ - وَأَنَا أُحِبُّ، لِلنَّاسِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ، كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مُنْفَرِدًا عِنْدَ الظُّلْمَةِ، وَالزَّلْزَلَةِ، وَشِدَّةِ الرِّيحِ، وَالْخَسْفِ، وَانْتِثَارِ النُّجُومِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ.\n\n٧١٥٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الْبَصْرِيُّونِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، صَلَّى بِهِمْ فِي زَلْزَلَةٍ.\n\n٧١٥٧ - وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَا ذَلِكَ لِمَا وَصَفْنَا مِنْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِجَمْعِ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا عِنْدَ الْكُسُوفِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُحْفَظْ أَنَّ عُمَرَ صَلَّى عِنْدَ الزَّلْزَلَةِ.\n\n٧١٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَيْنَا حَدِيثَ، عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي السُّنَنِ","vol":"5","page":156},{"text":"٧١٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ آيَةً فَاسْجُدُوا»\n\n٧١٦٠ - وَذَلِكَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى مَا اسْتَحَبَّهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ","vol":"5","page":157},{"text":"٧١٦١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِي عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ هَادًّا، مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَافْزَعُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ»","vol":"5","page":157},{"text":"٧١٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ قَزَعَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ  «صَلَّى فِي زَلْزَلَةٍ سِتَّ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ خَمْسَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ فِي رَكْعَةٍ، وَرَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ فِي رَكْعَةٍ» ⦗١٥٨⦘\n\n٧١٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ لَقُلْنَا بِهِ، وَهُمْ يُثْبِتُونَهُ وَلَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهِ","vol":"5","page":157},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-414>اجْتِمَاعُ الْخُسُوفِ وَالْعِيدِ</span>","vol":"5","page":159},{"text":"٧١٦٤ - رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ، أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «مَاتَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ لِعَشْرِ لَيَالٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ» وَكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ «\n\n٧١٦٥ - وَوَفَاةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَتْ بَعْدَهُ بِسَنَةٍ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ»\n\n٧١٦٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ، كَسَفَتْ يَوْمَ مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ابْنُ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":159},{"text":"٧١٦٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي قَبِيلٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، «أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ، كَسَفَتْ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ وَكَانَ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ»\n\n٧١٦٨ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ اجْتِمَاعِ خُسُوفِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْعِيدِ","vol":"5","page":159},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-415>٨ - كِتَابُ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ</span>","vol":"5","page":163},{"text":"٧١٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗١٦٤⦘ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكَتِ الْمَوَاشِي وَتَقَطَّعَتِ السُّبُلُ فَادْعُ اللَّهَ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمُطِرْنَا مِنَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ قَالَ: فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تَهَدَّمَتِ الْبُيُوتُ وَانْقَطَعَتِ السُّبُلُ وَهَلَكَتِ الْمَوَاشِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «اللَّهُمَّ ظُهُورَ الْجِبَالِ وَالْآكَامِ، وَبُطُونَ الْأَوْدِيَةِ، وَمَنَابِتَ الشَّجَرِ» قَالَ: فَانْجَابَتْ عَنِ الْمَدِينَةِ انْجِيَابَ الثَّوْبِ ⦗١٦٥⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٧١٧٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا ثَلَاثًا» وَفِي الْمَرَّةِ الْأُخْرَى قَالَ: فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ حَوَالَيْنَا وَلَا عَلَيْنَا»","vol":"5","page":163},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-416>خُرُوجُ الْإِمَامِ بِالنَّاسِ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى لِلِاسْتِسْقَاءِ</span>","vol":"5","page":166},{"text":"٧١٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْعِيدَيْنِ بِأَحْسَنَ هَيْئَةٍ»\n\n٧١٧٢ - وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ، خَرَجَ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ مُتَوَاضِعًا أَحْسَبُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ قَالَ: «مُتَبَذِّلًا»","vol":"5","page":166},{"text":"٧١٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: أَرْسَلَنِي الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ، وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ وَكَانَ أَمِيرَ الْمَدِينَةِ، إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ فَقَالَ: «خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُتَبَذِّلًا مُتَوَاضِعًا، مُتَضَرِّعًا، حَتَّى أَتَى الْمُصَلَّى». زَادَ عُثْمَانُ: «فَرَقِيَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا - فَلَمْ يَخْطُبْ خُطْبَتَكُمْ هَذِهِ وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يَزَلْ فِي الدُّعَاءِ وَالتَّضَرُّعِ، وَالتَّكْبِيرِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَمَا يُصَلِّي فِي الْعِيدِ» ⦗١٦٧⦘ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: الصَّوَابُ ابْنُ عُتْبَةَ، وَالْأَخْبَارُ لِلنُّفَيْلِيِّ\n\n٧١٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ دَعَا قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ»\n\n٧١٧٥ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّيْخِ: الْخُطْبَةُ قَبْلَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُمَا؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي ⦗١٦٨⦘.\n\n٧١٧٦ - فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُثْبِتُ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ فِي ذَلِكَ، «فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ دَعَا قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ»","vol":"5","page":166},{"text":"٧١٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا عَنْ بَعْضِ الْأَئِمَّةِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَسْقِيَ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ فَصَامُوا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مُتَتَابِعَةٍ، وَتَقَرَّبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ بِمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الرَّابِعِ فَاسْتَسْقَى بِهِمْ، وَأَنَا أُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا فِي الْيَوْمِ الرَّابِعِ صِيَامًا»\n\n٧١٧٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَأَوْلَى مَا يَتَقَرَّبُونَ بِهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿، أَدَاءُ مَا يَلْزَمُهُمْ مِنْ مُظْلِمَةٍ فِي دَمٍ، أَوْ مَالٍ، أَوْ عِرْضٍ، ثُمَّ صُلْحِ الْمُشَاحِنِ وَالْمُهَاجِرِ، ثُمَّ يَتَطَوَّعُونَ بِصَدَقَةٍ وَصَلَاةٍ، وَذِكْرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْبِرِّ.\n\n٧١٧٩ - قَالَ: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ الصِّبْيَانُ، وَكِبَارُ النِّسَاءِ، وَمَنْ لَا هَيْئَةَ لَهُ مِنْهُنَّ.\n\n٧١٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَخْبَارًا فِيمَا اسْتَحَبَّهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ»","vol":"5","page":168},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-417>السُّنَّةُ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ</span>","vol":"5","page":169},{"text":"٧١٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبَّادَ بْنَ تَمِيمٍ، يُخْبِرُ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ:  «خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى يَسْتَسْقِي، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، وَحَوَّلَ رِدَاءَهُ وَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"5","page":169},{"text":"٧١٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ ⦗١٧١⦘، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، قَالَ:  «خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالنَّاسِ يَسْتَسْقِي، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ جَهَرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِيهِمَا، وَحَوَّلَ رِدَاءَهُ وَاسْتَسْقَى واسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ»\n\n٧١٨٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَقَالَ، فِيهِ: وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ يَدْعُو","vol":"5","page":170},{"text":"٧١٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ عَنْ صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى التَّوْءَمَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «اسْتَسْقَى بِالْمُصَلَّى فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ»","vol":"5","page":171},{"text":"٧١٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ كَانُوا يَجْهَرُونَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ، وَيُصَلُّونَ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ وَيُكَبِّرُونَ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ سَبْعًا وَخَمْسًا»\n\n٧١٨٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"5","page":171},{"text":"٧١٨٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَعْدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَسَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ،  «كَبَّرَ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ سَبْعًا وَخَمْسًا»","vol":"5","page":171},{"text":"٧١٨٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ ⦗١٧٢⦘، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّهُ «كَبَّرَ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ سَبْعًا وَخَمْسًا، وَكَبَّرَ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"5","page":171},{"text":"٧١٨٩ - قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ حَزْمٍ، أَشَارَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ: أَنْ «يُكَبِّرَ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ سَبْعًا وَخَمْسًا»\n\n٧١٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، حِينَ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَمَا صَلَّى فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ","vol":"5","page":172},{"text":"٧١٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: \" وَنَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ فِيهِمَا مَا يَقْرَأُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ وَإِنْ قَرَأَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ بِ ﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ﴾ [نوح: ١] أَحْبَبْتُ ذَلِكَ \"\n\n٧١٩٢ - قَالَ: \" وَيَخْطُبُ الْإِمَامُ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ خُطْبَتَيْنِ كَمَا يَخْطُبُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ، يُكَبِّرُ اللَّهَ فِيهِمَا وَيَحْمَدُهُ وَيُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَيُكْثِرُ فِيهِمَا الِاسْتِغْفَارَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ أَكْثَرُ كَلَامِهِ، وَيَقُولُ كَثِيرًا: ﴿اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا﴾ [نوح: ١١] \"\n\n٧١٩٣ - قَالَ: وَيَخْطُبُ مُسْتَقْبِلَ النَّاسَ فِي الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يُحَوِّلُ وَجْهَهُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَيُحَوِّلُ رِدَاءَهُ، وَيُحَوِّلُ النَّاسُ أَرْدِيَتَهُمْ مَعَهُ","vol":"5","page":172},{"text":"٧١٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبَّادَ بْنَ تَمِيمٍ، يَقُولُ ⦗١٧٣⦘: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ الْمَازِنِيَّ، يَقُولُ:  «خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى فَاسْتَسْقَى وَحَوَّلَ رِدَاءَهُ حِينَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"5","page":172},{"text":"٧١٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ قَالَ:  «اسْتَسْقَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَلَيْهِ قَمِيصَةٌ لَهُ سَوْدَاءُ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِأَسْفَلِهَا فَيَجْعَلَهُ أَعْلَاهَا، فَلَمَّا ثَقُلَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَلَبَهَا عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ»\n\n٧١٩٦ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ مُرْسَلًا.\n\n٧١٩٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَقَالَ: «فَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ أَسْفَلَهَا فَيَجْعَلَهُ أَعْلَاهَا فَلَمَّا ثَقُلَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَلَبَهَا عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ»\n\n٧١٩٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، وَالْمُعَلَّى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَأَبُو الْجَمَاهِرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"5","page":173},{"text":"٧١٩٩ - وَفِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ: عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ⦗١٧٤⦘ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اسْتَسْقَى عُمَرُ ﵁، فَكَانَ أَكْثَرَ دُعَائِهِ الِاسْتِغْفَارُ» وَكَانَ قَدْ سَقَطَ مِنْ كِتَابِ نُسْخَتِنَا","vol":"5","page":173},{"text":"٧٢٠٠ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَصَابَ النَّاسَ قَحَطٌ فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ \" فَصَعِدَ عُمَرُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَاسْتَسْقَى فَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى الِاسْتِغْفَارِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: لَقَدْ طَلَبْتَ الْغَيْثَ بِمَفَاتِيحِ السَّمَاءِ الَّتِي بِهَا يُسْتَنْزَلَ الْمَطَرُ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ الْآيَاتِ فِي الِاسْتِغْفَارِ \"\n\n٧٢٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُجَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَضْرَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْأَشْعَثَيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْثَرٌ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَقَالَ، غَيْرُهُ: عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ: مَجَادِيحُ السَّمَاءِ","vol":"5","page":174},{"text":"٧٢٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَدْعُو سِرًّا فِي نَفْسِهِ، وَيَدْعُو النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَيَقُولُ «اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ أَمَرْتَنَا بِدُعَائِكَ، وَوَعَدْتَنَا إِجَابَتَكَ، فَقَدْ دَعَوْنَاكَ كَمَا أَمَرْتَنَا فَأَجِبْنَا كَمَا وَعَدْتَنَا، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ أَوْجَبْتَ إِجَابَتَكَ لِأَهْلِ طَاعَتِكَ وَكُنَّا قَدْ قَارَفْنَا مَا خَالَفْنَا فِيهِ الَّذِينَ مُحِضُوا طَاعَتَكَ فَامْنُنْ عَلَيْنَا بِمَغْفِرَةِ مَا قَارَفْنَا، وَإِجَابَتِنَا فِي سُقْيَانَا وَسَعَةِ رِزْقِنَا»،\n\n٧٢٠٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَإِنِ اسْتَسْقَى فَلَمْ يُمْطَرِ النَّاسُ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يَعُودَ، ثُمَّ يَعُودَ حَتَّى يُمْطَرُوا","vol":"5","page":174},{"text":"٧٢٠٤ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا أَجَزْتُ لَهُ الْعَوْدَةَ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَالْجَمَاعَةَ فِي الْأُولَى لَيْسَ بِفَرْضٍ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِذَا اسْتَسْقَى سُقِيَ أَوَّلًا، فَإِذَا سُقُوا أَوَّلًا لَمْ يُعِدِ الْإِمَامُ»","vol":"5","page":174},{"text":"٧٢٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗١٧٥⦘ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُوَيْمِرٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: أَصَابَ النَّاسَ سَنَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ يَهُودِيُّ فَقَالَ: «أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْ شَاءَ صَاحِبُكُمْ لَمُطِرْتُمْ مَا شِئْتُمْ، وَلَكِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ»، فَأُخْبِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِقَوْلِ الْيَهُودِيِّ فَقَالَ: «أَوَقَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟» فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي لَأَسْتَنْصِرُ بِالسَّنَةِ عَلَى أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ، وَإِنِّي لَا أَرَى السَّحَابَ خَارِجَةً مِنَ الْعَيْنِ فَأَكَرَهُهَا مَوْعِدُكُمْ يَومَ كَذَا أَسْتَسْقِي لَكُمْ» قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ غَدَا النَّاسُ فَمَا تَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى أُمْطِرُوا مَا شَاءُوا، فَمَا أَقْلَعَتِ السَّمَاءُ جُمُعَةً \"","vol":"5","page":174},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-418>الدُّعَاءُ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ</span>","vol":"5","page":176},{"text":"٧٢٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا اسْتَسْقَى قَالَ:  «اللَّهُمَّ أَمْطِرْنَا»","vol":"5","page":176},{"text":"٧٢٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَائِمٌ يَخْطُبُ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ فَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا، اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا، اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا» ثَلَاثًا ⦗١٧٧⦘، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٧٢٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدٌ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ فِيهِ: وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا»","vol":"5","page":176},{"text":"٧٢٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ عِنْدَ الْمَطَرِ:  «اللَّهُمَّ سُقْيَا رَحْمَةٍ وَلَا سُقْيَا عَذَابٍ وَلَا بَلَاءٍ وَلَا هَدْمٍ وَلَا غَرَقٍ، اللَّهُمَّ عَلَى الظِّرَابِ وَمَنَابِتِ الشَّجَرِ، اللَّهُمَّ حَوَالَيْنَا وَلَا عَلَيْنَا»","vol":"5","page":177},{"text":"٧٢١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: رُوِيَ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مَرْفُوعًا أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا اسْتَسْقَى قَالَ:  «اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا غَيْثًا هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا مَرِيعًا غَدَقًا مُجَلَّلًا عَامًّا طَبَقًا سَحًّا دَائِمًا، اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا الْغَيْثَ وَلَا تَجْعَلْنَا مِنَ الْقَانِطِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ بِالْعِبَادِ وَالْبِلَادِ وَالْبَهَائِمِ وَالْخَلْقِ مِنَ اللَّأْوَاءِ وَالْجَهْدِ وَالْفَتْكِ مَا لَا يَشْكُو إِلَّا إِلَيْكَ، اللَّهُمَّ أَنَبِتْ لَنَا الزَّرْعَ، وَأَدِرَّ لَنَا الضَّرْعَ، وَاسْقِنَا مِنْ بَرَكَاتِ السَّمَاءِ، وَأَنْبِتْ لَنَا مِنْ بَرَكَاتِ الْأَرْضِ، اللَّهُمَّ ارْفَعْ عَنَّا الْجَهْدَ وَالْجُوعَ وَالْعُرْيَ، واكْشِفْ عَنَّا مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ مَا لَا يَكْشِفْهُ غَيْرُكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْتَغْفِرُكَ، إِنَّكَ كُنْتَ غَفَّارًا فَأَرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْنَا مِدْرَارًا»\n\n٧٢١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ الْإِمَامُ بِهَذَا، وَلَا وَقْتَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ لَا يُجَاوِزُهُ\n\n٧٢١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بَعْضَ، هَذِهِ الْأَلْفَاظِ وَبَعْضَ مَعَانِيهَا فِي حَدِيثِ ⦗١٧٨⦘ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ وَكَعْبِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ","vol":"5","page":177},{"text":"٧٢١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ:  «إِذَا دَعَا فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ»","vol":"5","page":178},{"text":"٧٢١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «لَمْ يَكُنْ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ إِلَّا فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يُرَى بَيَاضُ إِبْطَيْهِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى وَابْنِ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ ⦗١٧٩⦘. \"\n\n٧٢١٥ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: كَمَا يَرْفَعُ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ \"","vol":"5","page":178},{"text":"٧٢١٦ - فَإِنَّهُ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «اسْتَسْقَى فَأَشَارَ بِظَهْرِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ»\n\n٧٢١٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: فَقَالَ هَكَذَا وَمَدَّ يَدَيْهِ، وَجَعَلَ بُطُونَهُمَا مِمَّا يَلِي الْأَرْضَ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ إِبْطَيْهِ","vol":"5","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-419>كَرَاهِيَةُ الِاسْتِمْطَارِ بِالْأَنْوَاءِ</span>","vol":"5","page":180},{"text":"٧٢١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الزَّاهِدُ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَلَّى لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، عَلَى إِثْرِ سَمَاءٍ كَانَتْ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ، أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: «أَتَدْرُونَ مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ؟» قَالُوا: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ: قَالَ: \" أَصْبَحَ مِنْ عِبَادِي مُؤْمِنٌ بِي، وَكَافِرٌ بِي فَأَمَّا مَنْ قَالَ: مُطِرْنَا بِفَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ فَذَلِكَ مُؤْمِنٌ بِي، كَافِرٌ بِالْكَوَاكِبِ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ قَالَ: مُطِرْنَا بِنَوْءِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَذَلِكَ كَافِرٌ بِي، مُؤْمِنٌ بِالْكَوَاكِبِ \" ⦗١٨١⦘\n\n٧٢١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي عَرَبِيٌّ وَاسِعُ اللِّسَانِ يَحْتَمِلُ قَوْلُهُ هَذَا مَعَانِي.\n\n٧٢٢٠ - وَإِنَّمَا مُطِرَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْ قَوْمٍ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ، لِأَنَّ هَذَا فِي غَزْوَةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ\n\n٧٢٢١ - قَالَ: وَأَرَى مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ هَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: أَنَّ مَنْ قَالَ: مُطِرْنَا بِفَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ فَذَلِكَ إِيمَانٌ بِاللَّهِ لِأَنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُمْطِرُ، وَلَا يُعْطِي إِلَّا اللَّهُ ﷿.\n\n٧٢٢٢ - وَأَمَّا مَنْ قَالَ: مُطِرْنَا بِنَوْءِ كَذَا عَلَى مَا كَانَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ يَعْنُونَ مِنْ إِضَافَةِ النَّظَرِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ أُمْطِرَ نَوْءَ كَذَا، فَذَلِكَ كُفْرٌ كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n٧٢٢٣ - لِأَنَّ النَّوْءَ وَقْتٌ، وَالْوَقْتُ مَخْلُوقٌ، وَلَا يَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَلَا لِغَيْرِهِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا يُمْطِرُ وَلَا يَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا.\n\n٧٢٢٤ - وَأَمَّا مَنْ قَالَ: مُطِرْنَا بِنَوْءِ كَذَا عَلَى مَعْنَى: مُطِرْنَا فِي وَقْتِ نَوْءِ كَذَا فَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ كَقَوْلِهِ: مُطِرْنَا فِي شَهْرِ كَذَا، فَلَا يَكُونُ هَذَا كُفْرًا، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْهُ.\n\n٧٢٢٥ - أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَقُولَ: مُطِرْنَا فِي وَقْتِ كَذَا","vol":"5","page":180},{"text":"٧٢٢٦ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ وَقَدْ مُطِرَ النَّاسُ قَالَ: \" مُطِرْنَا بِنَوْءِ الْفَتْحِ، ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ: ﴿مَا يَفْتَحِ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ رَحْمَةٍ فَلَا مُمْسِكَ لَهَا﴾ [فاطر: ٢] \"","vol":"5","page":181},{"text":"٧٢٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: \" كَمْ بَقِيَ مِنْ نَوْءِ الثُّرَيَّا؟ فَقَامَ الْعَبَّاسُ فَقَالَ: لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُ ⦗١٨٢⦘ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا الْعُوَاءُ، فَدَعَا وَدَعَا النَّاسُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ عَنِ الْمِنْبَرِ، فَمُطِرَ مَطَرًا أَحْيَا النَّاسُ مِنْهُ \"\n\n٧٢٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ عُمَرَ هَذَا يُبَيِّنُ مَا وَصَفْتُ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ كَمْ بَقِيَ مِنْ وَقْتِ الثُّرَيَّا، لِمَعْرِفَتِهِمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدَّرَ الْأَمْطَارَ فِي أَوْقَاتٍ فِيمَا جَرَّبُوا كَمَا عَلِمُوا أَنَّهُ قَدَّرَ الْحَرَّ وَالْبَرْدِ فِيمَا جَرَّبُوا فِي أَوْقَاتٍ.\n\n٧٢٢٩ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَوْجَفَ بِشَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ غَدَا مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى عُكَّازَهِ وَقَدْ مُطِرَ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ: أَجَادَ مَا أَقْرَى الْمِجْدَحُ الْبَارِحَةَ فَأَنْكَرَ عُمَرُ قَوْلَهُ: «أَجَادَ مَا أَقْرَى الْمِجْدَحُ» لِإِضَافَتِهِ الْمَطَرَ إِلَى الْمِجْدَحِ","vol":"5","page":181},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-420>الْبُرُوزُ لِلْمَطَرِ</span>","vol":"5","page":183},{"text":"٧٢٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ  «يَتَمَطَّرُ فِي أَوَّلِ قَطْرَةٍ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ جَسَدَهُ»","vol":"5","page":183},{"text":"٧٢٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَنَسٌ: أَصَابَنَا وَنَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَطَرٌ قَالَ: فَحَسَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَوْبَهُ حَتَّى أَصَابَهُ مِنَ الْمَطَرِ فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لِمَ صَنَعْتَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ:  «لِأَنَّهُ حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ بِرَبِّهِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"5","page":183},{"text":"٧٢٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ السَّمَاءَ، مَطَرَتْ فَقَالَ لِغُلَامِهِ: \" أَخْرِجْ فِرَاشِي وَرَحْلِي يُصِيبُهُ الْمَطَرُ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْجَوْزَاءِ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: لِمَ تَفْعَلْ هَذَا يَرْحَمُكَ ⦗١٨٤⦘ اللَّهُ؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَا تَقْرَأُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ: ﴿وَنَزَّلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً مُبَارَكًا﴾ [ق: ٩] فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُصِيبَ الْبَرَكَةُ فِرَاشِي وَرَحْلِي \"","vol":"5","page":183},{"text":"٧٢٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّهُ  «رَآهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَمَطَرَتِ السَّمَاءُ وَهُوَ فِي السِّقَايَةِ فَخَرَجَ إِلَى رَحَبَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ، ثُمَّ كَشَفَ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ لِلْمَطَرِ حَتَّى أَصَابَهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَجْلِسِهِ»","vol":"5","page":184},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-421>مَا جَاءَ فِي السَّيْلِ</span>","vol":"5","page":185},{"text":"٧٢٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا سَالَ السَّيْلُ قَالَ: «اخْرُجُوا إِلَى هَذَا الَّذِي جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ طَهُورًا، فَيَتَطَهَّرُ مِنْهُ، وَيَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"5","page":185},{"text":"٧٢٣٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، كَانَ إِذَا سَالَ السَّيْلُ ذَهَبَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ إِلَيْهِ وَقَالَ:  «مَا كَانَ لَيَجِيءَ مِنْ مَجِيئِهِ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا تَمَسَّحْنَا بِهِ»","vol":"5","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-422>طَلَبُ الْإِجَابَةِ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْغَيْثِ</span>","vol":"5","page":186},{"text":"٧٢٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اطْلُبُوا اسْتِجَابَةَ الدُّعَاءِ عِنْدَ الْتِقَاءِ الْجُيُوشِ، وَإِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ، ونُزُولِ الْغَيْثِ»\n\n٧٢٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ حَفِظْتُ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ، طَلَبَ الْإِجَابَةِ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْغَيْثِ، وَإِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ.","vol":"5","page":186},{"text":"٧٢٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثٍ مَوْصُولٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الدُّعَاءِ: «لَا يُرَدُّ عِنْدَ النِّدَاءِ، وَعِنْدَ الْبَأْسِ، وَتَحْتَ الْمَطَرِ»","vol":"5","page":186},{"text":"٧٢٣٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" تُفْتَحُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَيُسْتَجَابُ الدُّعَاءُ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ مَوَاطِنَ: عِنْدَ الْتِقَاءِ الصُّفُوفِ، وَعِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْغَيْثِ، وَعِنْدَ إِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةَ، وَعِنْدَ رُؤْيَةِ الْكَعْبَةِ \" ⦗١٨٧⦘\n\n٧٢٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ خَارِجَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عُفَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، سَمِعَهُ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"5","page":186},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-423>الْقَوْلُ وَالْإِنْصَاتُ عِنْدَ السَّحَابِ وَالرِّيحِ</span>","vol":"5","page":188},{"text":"٧٢٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «كَانَ إِذَا بَرَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ أَوْ رَعَدَتْ عُرِفَ ذَلِكَ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَإِذَا أَمْطَرَتْ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ»","vol":"5","page":188},{"text":"٧٢٤٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: قَالَ الْمِقْدَامُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَبْصَرْنَا شَيْئًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ - يَعْنِي السَّحَابَ - تَرَكَ عَمَلَهُ وَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ وَقَالَ:  «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا فِيهِ» فَإِنْ كَشَفَهُ اللَّهُ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَإِنْ مَطَرَتْ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ سُقْيًا نَافِعًا» ⦗١٨٩⦘\n\n٧٢٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ، وَمِسْعَرٌ، عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ وَقَالَا: صَيِّبًا نَافِعًا وَمَعْنَاهُمَا وَاحِدٌ","vol":"5","page":188},{"text":"٧٢٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حَازِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، كَانَ إِذَا سَمِعَ حِسَّ الرَّعْدِ عُرِفَ ذَلِكَ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَإِذَا أَمْطَرَتْ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ، فَسُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ:  «إِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي بِمَا أُرْسِلَتْ بِعَذَابٍ أَمْ بِرَحْمَةٍ»\n\n٧٢٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُرْسَلًا عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قَدْ رَوَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ، وَرَوَاهُ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ بِمَعْنَاهُمَا","vol":"5","page":189},{"text":"٧٢٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: مَا هَبَّتْ رِيحٌ قَطُّ إِلَّا جَثَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رَحْمَةً وَلَا تَجْعَلْهَا عَذَابًا، اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رِيَاحًا وَلَا تَجْعَلْهَا رِيحًا» قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﴿أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا صَرْصَرًا﴾ [القمر: ١٩] وَ﴿أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّيحَ الْعَقِيمَ﴾ [الذاريات: ٤١] وَقَالَ: «إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا الرِّيَاحَ لَوَاقِحَ»، «وَأَرْسَلْنَا الرِّيَاحَ مُبَشِّرَاتٍ» ⦗١٩٠⦘ وَصَوَابُهُ: ﴿وَأَرْسَلْنَا الرِّيَاحَ لَوَاقِحَ﴾ [الحجر: ٢٢]، ﴿وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ يُرْسِلَ الرِّيَاحَ مُبَشِّرَاتٍ﴾ [الروم: ٤٦] \"","vol":"5","page":189},{"text":"٧٢٤٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تَسُبُّوا الرِّيحَ وَعُوذُوا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّهَا»","vol":"5","page":190},{"text":"٧٢٤٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَخَذَتِ النَّاسَ الرِّيحُ بِطَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ، وَعُمَرُ حَاجٌّ فَاشْتَدَّتْ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ: مَا بَلَغَكُمْ فِي الرِّيحِ؟ فَلَمْ يَرْجِعُوا إِلَيْهِ شَيْئًا فَبَلَغَنِي الَّذِي سَأَلَ عَنْهُ عُمَرُ مِنْ أَمَرِ الرِّيحِ، فَاسْتَحْثَثْتُ رَاحِلَتِي حَتَّى أَدْرَكْتُ عُمَرَ، وَكُنْتُ فِي مُؤَخَّرِ النَّاسِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّكَ سَأَلْتَ عَنِ الرِّيحِ وَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «الرِّيحُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ، تَأْتِي بِالرَّحْمَةِ وَبِالْعَذَابِ، فَلَا تَسُبُّوهَا، وَسَلُوا اللَّهَ خَيْرَهَا، وَعُوذُوا بِهِ مِنْ شَرِّهَا»\n\n٧٢٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَمَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"5","page":190},{"text":"٧٢٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ ⦗١٩١⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: شَكَا رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْفَقْرَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَعَلَّكَ تَسُبُّ الرِّيحَ»\n\n٧٢٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَسُبَّ الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا خَلْقٌ لِلَّهِ مُطِيعٌ، وَجُنْدٌ مِنْ أَجْنَادِهِ يَجْعَلُهَا رَحْمَةً وَنِقْمَةً إِذَا شَاءَ»","vol":"5","page":190},{"text":"٧٢٥٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ طَاوُسٍ: مَا كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَقُولُ إِذَا سَمِعَ الرَّعْدَ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ يَقُولُ: \" سُبْحَانَ مَنْ سَبَّحْتَ لَهُ قَالَ: كَأَنَّهُ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَيُسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بِحَمْدِهِ﴾ [الرعد: ١٣] \"","vol":"5","page":191},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-424>الْإِشَارَةُ إِلَى الْمَطَرِ</span>","vol":"5","page":192},{"text":"٧٢٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُوَيْمِرٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: «إِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُكُمُ الْبَرْقَ وَالْوَدْقَ، فَلَا يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهِ وَلْيَصِفْ وَلْيُنْعِتْ»\n\n٧٢٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي كِتَابِي عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ عُوَيْمِرٍ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ،\n\n٧٢٥٥ - وَفِي سَمَاعِي عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عُقَيْبَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: وَلَمْ تَزَلِ الْعَرَبُ تَكْرَهُ الْإِشَارَةَ إِلَيْهِ.\n\n٧٢٥٦ - وَفِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَمْ أَزَلْ أَسْمَعُ عَدَدًا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ يَكْرَهُ الْإِشَارَةَ إِلَيْهِ","vol":"5","page":192},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-425>مَا جَاءَ فِي الرَّعْدِ</span>","vol":"5","page":193},{"text":"٧٢٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، أَنَّ مُجَاهِدًا، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «الرَّعْدُ مَلَكٌ، وَالْبَرْقُ أَجْنِحَةُ الْمَلَكِ يَسْبِقُ السَّحَابَ»","vol":"5","page":193},{"text":"٧٢٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ بِظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" مَا سَمِعْتُ بِأَحَدٍ ذَهَبَ الْبَرْقُ بِبَصَرِهِ، كَأَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠] \"\n\n٧٢٥٩ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ، يُصِيبُهُ الصَّوَاعِقُ وَكَأَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَيُرْسِلُ الصَّوَاعِقَ﴾ [الرعد: ١٣].\n\n٧٢٦٠ - وَسَمِعْتُ مَنْ، يَقُولُ: الصَّوَاعِقُ رُبَّمَا قَتَلَتْ وَأَحْرَقَتْ","vol":"5","page":193},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-426>كَثْرَةُ الْمَطَرِ وَقِلَّتُهُ</span>","vol":"5","page":194},{"text":"٧٢٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَا مِنْ سَاعَةٍ مِنْ لَيْلٍ وَلَا نَهَارٍ إِلَّا السَّمَاءُ تُمْطِرُ فِيهَا، يُصَرِّفُهُ اللَّهُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ»","vol":"5","page":194},{"text":"٧٢٦٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّ النَّاسَ، مُطِرُوا ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ غَدَا عَلَيْهِمْ»","vol":"5","page":194},{"text":"٧٢٦٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ غَدَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ:  «مَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ بُقْعَةٌ إِلَّا قَدْ مُطِرَتْ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ»","vol":"5","page":195},{"text":"٧٢٦٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ السَّنَةُ بِأَنْ لَا تُمْطَرُوا، وَلَكِنِ السَّنَةُ أَنْ تُمْطَرُوا ثُمَّ تُمْطَرُوا وَلَا تُنْبِتُ الْأَرْضُ شَيْئًا»\n\n٧٢٦٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ","vol":"5","page":195},{"text":"٧٢٦٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي عُرْوَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْمَدِينَةُ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيِ السَّمَاءِ، عَيْنٌ بِالشَّامِ وَعَيْنٌ بِالْيَمَنِ وَهِيَ أَقَلُّ الْأَرْضِ مَطَرًا»","vol":"5","page":195},{"text":"٧٢٦٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ ⦗١٩٦⦘: أَخْبَرَنِي يَزِيدُ، أَوْ نَوْفَلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أُسْكِنْتُ أَقَلَّ الْأَرْضِ مَطَرًا، وَهِيَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيِ السَّمَاءِ - يَعْنِي الْمَدِينَةَ - عَيْنٌ الشَّامِ، وَعَيْنُ الْيَمَنِ»","vol":"5","page":195},{"text":"٧٢٦٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُهَيْلٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «تُوشِكُ أَنْ تُمْطِرَ الْمَدِينَةُ لَا يَكِنُّ أَهْلُهَا الْبُيُوتَ، وَلَا يَكْنُنْهُمْ إِلَّا مَظَالَّ الشَّعْرِ»","vol":"5","page":196},{"text":"٧٢٦٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يُصِيبُ الْمَدِينَةَ مَطَرٌ لَا يَكِنُّ أَهْلُهَا بَيْتٌ مِنْ مَدَرٍ»","vol":"5","page":196},{"text":"٧٢٧٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ كَعْبًا قَالَ لَهُ وَهُوَ يَعْمَلُ وَتِدًا بِمَكَّةَ:  «اشْدُدْ وَأَوْثِقْ فَإِنَّا نَجْدُ فِي الْكُتُبِ أَنَّ السُّيُولَ سَتَعْظُمُ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ»","vol":"5","page":196},{"text":"٧٢٧١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ:  «جَاءَ مَكَّةَ مَرَّةً سَيْلٌ طَبَّقَ مَا بَيْنَ الْجَبَلَيْنِ»","vol":"5","page":197},{"text":"٧٢٧٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: «تُوشِكُ الْمَدِينَةُ أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا، مَطَرٌ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً لَا يَكِنُّ أَهْلُهَا بَيْتٌ مِنْ مَدَرٍ»\n\n٧٢٧٣ - حَدِيثٌ: «جَاءَ مَكَّةَ سَيْلٌ مَرَّةً» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"5","page":197},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-427>أَيُّ رِيحٍ يَكُونُ بِهَا الْمَطَرُ</span>","vol":"5","page":198},{"text":"٧٢٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ ⦗١٩٩⦘، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «نُصِرْتُ بِالصَّبَا وَكَانَتْ عَذَابًا عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلِي»","vol":"5","page":198},{"text":"٧٢٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نُصِرْتُ بِالصَّبَا وَأُهْلِكَتْ عَادٌ بِالدَّبُورِ»","vol":"5","page":199},{"text":"٧٢٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا هَبَّتْ جَنُوبٌ إِلَّا أَسَالَتْ وَادِيًا»\n\n٧٢٧٧ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَهَا تَهُبُّ بُشْرًى بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ مِنَ الْمَطَرِ","vol":"5","page":199},{"text":"٧٢٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ ⦗٢٠٠⦘ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَكَنٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ:  «إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ فَتَحْمِلُ الْمَاءَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، ثُمَّ تَمُرُّ فِي السَّحَابِ حَتَّى تُدِرَّ اللُّقَحَةُ، ثُمَّ تُمْطِرُ»\n\n٧٢٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَعْمَشِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَتَمُرُّ فِي السَّحَابِ، وَزَادَ: ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَمْثَالَ الْعَزَالَى فَتَضْرِبُهُ الرِّيَاحُ فَيَنْزِلُ مُتَفَرِّقًا \"\n\n٧٢٨٠ - وَقَالَ: ذَلِكَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْمُعْصِرَاتِ مَاءً ثَجَّاجًا﴾ [النبأ: ١٤]","vol":"5","page":199},{"text":"٧٢٨١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا أُنْشِئَتْ بَحْرِيَّةٌ ثُمَّ اسْتَحَالَتْ شَامِيَّةً فَهُوَ أَمْطَرُ لَهَا»\n\n٧٢٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَهَذَا، لَفْظُهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِذَا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، يُرِيدُ بِهِ يَحْيَى بْنَ حَسَّانَ ⦗٢٠١⦘.\n\n٧٢٨٣ - وَإِذَا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ يُرِيدُ بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ أَبِي يَحْيَى.\n\n٧٢٨٤ - وَإِذَا قَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: يُرِيدُ بِهِ أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ.\n\n٧٢٨٥ - وَإِذَا قَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: يُرِيدُ بِهِ أَهْلَ الْحِجَازِ.\n\n٧٢٨٦ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ: قَدْ أَخْبَرَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الْغَالِبِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ، فَإِنَّ أَكْثَرَ مَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنِ الثِّقَةِ هُوَ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي كُتُبِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ وَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ غَيْرَ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَسَّانَ وَقَدْ فَصَّلَ لِذَلِكَ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ تَفْصِيلًا عَلَى غَالِبِ الظَّنِّ فَذَكَرَ فِي بَعْضِ مَا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنَ عُلَيَّةَ، وَفِي بَعْضِهِ: عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَفِي بَعْضِهِ: هِشَامَ بْنَ يُوسُفَ الصَّنْعَانِيَّ، وَفِي بَعْضِهِ: أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ أَوْ غَيْرَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَلَا يَكَادُ يُعْرَفُ ذَلِكَ بِالْيَقِينِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَطْلَقَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ، وَسَمَّاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"5","page":200},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-428>قَوْلُهُ: لَا تَسُبُّوا الدَّهْرَ</span>","vol":"5","page":202},{"text":"٧٢٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَمَا يُهْلِكُنَا إِلَّا الدَّهْرُ وَمَا لَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ﴾ [الجاثية: ٢٤]\n⦗٢٠٣⦘،\n\n٧٢٨٨ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَسُبُّوا الدَّهْرَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الدَّهْرُ»","vol":"5","page":202},{"text":"٧٢٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَسَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَسُبُّوا الدَّهْرَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الدَّهْرُ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ","vol":"5","page":203},{"text":"٧٢٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا تَأْوِيلُهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ كَانَ شَأْنُهَا أَنْ تَذُمَّ الدَّهْرَ وَتَسُبَّهُ عِنْدَ الْمَصَائِبِ الَّتِي تَنْزِلُ بِهِمْ، مِنْ مَوْتٍ أَوْ هَرِمٍ أَوْ تَلَفٍ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ ⦗٢٠٤⦘ فَيَقُولُونَ: إِنَّمَا يُهْلِكُنَا الدَّهْرُ، وَهُوَ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ، وَهُمَا الْفَنَتَانِ وَالْجَدِيدَانِ، فَيَقُولُونَ: أَصَابَتْهُمْ قَوَارِعُ الدَّهْرِ، وَأَبَادَهُمُ الدَّهْرُ، وَأَتَى عَلَيْهِمْ، فَيَجْعَلُونَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ اللَّذَيْنِ يَفْعَلَانِ ذَلِكَ، فَيَذُمُّونَ الدَّهْرَ بِأَنَّهُ الَّذِي يُفْنِينَا وَيَفْعَلُ بِنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَسُبُّوا الدَّهْرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُفْنِيكُمْ، وَالَّذِي يَفْعَلُ بِكُمْ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ، فَإِنَّكُمْ إِذَا سَبَبْتُمْ فَاعِلَ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ فَإِنَّمَا تَسُبُّوا اللَّهَ ﵎، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ فَاعِلُ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ»","vol":"5","page":203},{"text":"٧٢٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: «يُؤْذِينِي ابْنُ آدَمَ يَسُبُّ الدَّهْرَ، وَأَنَا الدَّهْرُ بِيَدِي الْأَمْرُ أُقَلِّبُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ»\n\n٧٢٩٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «أُقَلِّبُ لَيْلَهُ وَنَهَارَهُ، فَإِذَا شِئْتُ قَبَضْتُهُمَا».\n\n٧٢٩٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَنَا الدَّهْرُ، بِيَدِي اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ \".\n\n٧٢٩٤ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ تَأْكِيدُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَعْنَى الْخَبَرِ","vol":"5","page":204},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-429>تَارِكُ الصَّلَاةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":205},{"text":"٧٢٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ مِمَّنْ دَخَلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ قَالَ: أَنَا أُطِيقُهَا وَأُحْسِنُهَا، وَلَكِنْ لَا أُصَلِّي وَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَلَيَّ فَرْضًا قِيلَ لَهُ: الصَّلَاةُ شَيْءٌ لَا يَعْلَمُهُ عَنْكَ غَيْرُكَ، فَإِنْ صَلَّيْتَ، وَإِلَّا اسْتَتَبْنَاكَ، فَإِنْ تُبْتَ وَإِلَّا قَتَلْنَاكَ، فَإِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ \".\n\n٧٢٩٦ - قَالَ: وَالْحُجَّةُ فِيهَا مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَالَ: لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا مِمَّا أَعْطَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، لَا تُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللَّهُ","vol":"5","page":206},{"text":"٧٢٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَذْهَبُ فِيمَا أَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِلَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿أَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ﴾ [البقرة: ٤٣]\n\n٧٢٩٨ - فَأَخْبَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁، أَنَّهُ إِمَّا يُقَاتِلُهُمْ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي وَجْهِ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِإجْمَاعِ الصَّحَابَةٍ ﵃ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"5","page":206},{"text":"٧٢٩٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ وَاقِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ ⦗٢٠٧⦘، وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي غَسَّانَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ وَفِيهِ «إِلَّا بِحَقِّ الْإِسْلَامِ».\n\n٧٣٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي احْتِجَاجِهِ بِالْخَبَرِ الْأَوَّلِ: وَالْقِتَالُ يُسَبِّبُ الْقَتْلَ.\n\n٧٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ","vol":"5","page":206},{"text":"٧٣٠٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ بَيْنَ ظَهْرِي النَّاسِ إِذَا جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَارَّهُ، فَلَمْ نَدْرِ مَا سَارَّهُ، حَتَّى جَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا هُوَ يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ جَهَرَ: «أَلَيْسَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ» فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا شَهَادَةَ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَلَيْسَ يُصَلِّي؟» قَالَ: بَلَى، وَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ نَهَانِي اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ» ⦗٢٠٨⦘\n\n٧٣٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ فَذَكَرَهُ مَوْصُولًا، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: «أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ نُهِيتُ عَنْ قَتْلِهِمْ»","vol":"5","page":207},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-430>٩ - كِتَابُ الْجَنَائِزِ</span>","vol":"5","page":211},{"text":"٧٣٠٤ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٨٥] \"","vol":"5","page":211},{"text":"٧٣٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ: هَذَا كِتَابٌ كَتَبَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَمِئَتَيْنِ، وَأُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ عَالِمَ خَائِنَةِ الْأَعْيُنِ وَمَا تُخْفِي الصُّدُورُ، وَكَفَى بِهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ شَهِيدًا، ثُمَّ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ أَنَّهُ:  «يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ﷺ لَمْ يَزَلْ يَدِينُ بِذَلِكَ - وَبِهِ نَدِينُ - حَتَّى يَتَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ، وَيَبْعَثَهُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّهُ يُوصِي نَفْسَهُ وَجَمَاعَةَ مَنْ سَمِعَ وَصِيَّتَهُ بِإحْلَالِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ ﵎ فِي كِتَابِهِ، ثُمَّ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، وَتَحْرِيمِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فِي الْكِتَابِ، ثُمَّ فِي السُّنَّةِ، وَلَا يُجَاوِزُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ، فَإِنَّ مُجَاوَزَتَهُ تَرْكُ فَرَضِ اللَّهِ ﷿، وَتَرْكُ مَا خَالَفَ الْكِتَابَ وَالسُّنَّةَ، وَهُمَا مِنَ الْمُحْدَثَاتِ، وَالْمُحَافَظَةُ عَلَى أَدَاءِ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ فِي الْقَوْلِ وَالْعَمَلِ، وَالْكَفِّ عَنْ مَحَارِمِهِ خَوْفًا لِلَّهِ، وَكَثْرَةُ ذِكْرِ الْوقُوفِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَبِّهِ ﷿، يَوْمَ تَجِدُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا عَمِلَتْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ مُحْضَرًا، وَمَا عَمِلَتْ مِنْ سُوءٍ تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ أَمَدًا بَعِيدًا، وَأَنْ يُنْزِلَ الدُّنْيَا حَيْثُ أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا دَارَ مَقَامٍ إِلَّا مَقَامَ مُدَّةٍ عَاجِلَةِ الِانْقِطَاعِ، وَإِنَّمَا جَعَلَهَا دَارَ عَمَلٍ، وَجَعَلَ الْآخِرَةَ دَارَ قَرَارٍ، وَجَزَاءٍ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ شَرٍّ، إِنْ لَمْ يَغْفِرْ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ وَأَلَّا يُحَالَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا أَحَدٌ أَحَالَهُ اللَّهُ مِمَّنْ يَفْعَلُ الْخُلَّةَ فِي اللَّهِ ﵎ وَيُرْجَى مِنْهُ إِفَادَةُ عِلْمٍ فِي دِينٍ، وَحُسْنُ أَدَبٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَأَنْ يَعْرِفَ الْمَرْءُ زَمَانَهُ، وَيَرْغَبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ فِي ⦗٢١٢⦘ الْخَلَاصِ مِنْ شَرِّ نَفْسِهِ فِيهِ، وَيُمْسِكُ الْإِسْرَافَ بِقَوْلٍ أَوْ فِعْلٍ فِي أَمْرٍ لَا يَلْزَمْهُ وَأَنْ يُخْلِصَ النِّيَّةَ لِلَّهِ فِيمَا قَالَ وَعَمِلَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَكْفِي مِمَّا سِوَاهُ، وَلَا يَكْفِي مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ غَيْرُهُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ وَصِيَّتَهُ»\n\n٧٣٠٦ - ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهَ: وَمُحَمَّدٌ - يَعْنِي نَفْسَهُ - يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْقَادِرَ عَلَى مَا يَشَاءُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَأَنْ يَرْحَمَهُ فَإِنَّهُ فَقِيرٌ إِلَى رَحْمَتِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ يُجِيرُهُ مِنَ النَّارِ، فَإِنَّهُ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ، وَأَنْ يَخْلُفَهُ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا خَلَفَ بِأَفْضَلِ مَا خَلَفَ بِهِ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَنْ يَكْفِيَهُمْ فَقْدَهُ، وَيَجُرَّ مُصِيبَتَهُمْ بَعْدَهُ، وَأَنْ يَقِيَهُمْ مَعَاصِيهِ، وَإِتْيَانِ مَا يَقْبُحُ بِهِمْ، وَالْحَاجَةَ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ بِقُدْرَتِهِ","vol":"5","page":211},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-431>التَّلْقِينُ</span>","vol":"5","page":213},{"text":"٧٣٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «وَيُلَقَّنُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»","vol":"5","page":213},{"text":"٧٣٠٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْأَزْهَرِ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَقِّنُوا مَوْتَاكُمْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ","vol":"5","page":213},{"text":"٧٣٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ وَلَيْسَ بِالنَّهْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٢١٤⦘، عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «اقْرَأُوا يَاسِينَ عِنْدَ مَوْتَاكُمْ»","vol":"5","page":213},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-432>بَابُ إِغْمَاضِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"5","page":215},{"text":"٧٣١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ قَبِيصَةَ بْنَ ذُؤَيْبٍ، كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَغْمَضَ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ».\n\n٧٣١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ مُرْسَلًا»","vol":"5","page":215},{"text":"٧٣١٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَقَدْ شَقَّ بَصَرُهُ فَأَغْمَضَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ:  «إِنَّ الرُّوحَ إِذَا قُبِضَ تَبِعَهُ الْبَصَرُ» فَضَجَّ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ: «لَا تَدْعُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ، فَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ يُؤَمِّنُونَ عَلَى مَا تَقُولُونَ» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِأَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ فِي الْمَهْدِيِّينَ، وَاخْلُفْهُ فِي عَقِبِهِ فِي الْغَابِرِينَ، وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلَهُ يَارَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ افْسَحْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَنَوِّرْ لَهُ فِيهِ» ⦗٢١٦⦘\n\n٧٣١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو","vol":"5","page":215},{"text":"٧٣١٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «إِذَا مَاتَ الْمَيِّتُ غُمِّضَ وَيُطَبَقُ فُوهُ، وَإِنْ خِيفَ اسْتِرْخَاءُ لَحْيَيْهِ شُدَّ بِعِصَابَةٍ، وَرَأَيْتُ مَنْ يَثْنِي مَفَاصِلَهُ وَيَبْسُطُهَا لِتَلِينَ فَلَا تَجْسُوا، وَرَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يَضَعُونَ الْحَدِيدَةَ أَوِ السَّيْفَ، أَوْ غَيْرَهُ مِنَ الْحَدِيدِ وَالشَّيْءِ مِنَ الطِّينِ الْمَبْلُولِ عَلَى بَطْنِ الْمَيِّتِ كَأَنَّهُمْ يُدَارُونَ أَنْ تَرْكَبُوا بَطْنُهُ، وَكُلَّمَا صَنَعُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا رَجَوْا وَعَرَفُوا أَنَّ فِيهِ دَفْعَ مَكْرُوهٍ رَجَوْتُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ»","vol":"5","page":216},{"text":"٧٣١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ آدَمَ قَالَ: مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عِنْدَ مَغِيبِ الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ أَنَسٌ: ضَعُوا عَلَى بَطْنِهِ حَدِيدَةً \"\n\n٧٣١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «وَيُقْضَى بِهِ إِلَى لَوْحٍ أَوْ سَرِيرٍ وَيُسَجَّى ثَوْبًا يُغَطَّى بِهِ جَمِيعُ جَسَدِهِ»","vol":"5","page":216},{"text":"٧٣١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ سُجِّيَ بِبُرْدٍ وَحِبَرَةٍ»","vol":"5","page":216},{"text":"٧٣١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا يَفْعَلُهُ الْأَعَاجِمُ مِنْ \" صَبِّ الرَّاوِقِ فِي أُذُنِهِ وَأَنْفِهِ، وَوَضْعِ الْمِرْتَكِ عَلَى مَفَاصِلِهِ وَالتَّابُوتُ وَغَيْرُهُ: وَلَسْتُ أُحِبُّ هَذَا وَلَا شَيْئًا مِنْهُ، وَلَكِنْ يُصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا يَصْنَعُ أَهْلُ الْإِسْلَامِ، الْغُسْلُ، وَالْكَفَنُ وَالْحَنُوطُ وَالدَّفْنُ فَإِنَّهُ صَائِرٌ إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَالْكَرَامَةُ لَهُ بِرَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ، وَعَمَلِهِ الصَّالِحِ \"\n\n٧٣١٩ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لِسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: أَلَا تَتَّخِذُ لَكَ شَيْئًا كَأَنَّهُ الصُّنْدُوقُ مِنَ الْخَشَبِ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلِ اصْنَعُوا بِي كَمَا صَنَعْتُمْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْصِبُوا عَلَيَّ اللَّبِنَ وَأَهِيلُوا عَلَيَّ التُّرَابَ","vol":"5","page":217},{"text":"٧٣٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَجَّاجٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمِسْوَرِيُّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي هَلَكَ فِيهِ:  «الْحِدُوا لِي لَحْدًا وَانْصِبُوا عَلَيَّ اللَّبِنَ نَصْبًا كَمَا صُنِعَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"5","page":217},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-433>الْعَمَلُ فِي الْجَنَائِزِ</span>","vol":"5","page":218},{"text":"٧٣٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «حَقٌّ عَلَى النَّاسِ غَسْلُ الْمَيِّتِ، وَالصَّلَاةُ عَلَيْهِ، وَدَفَنُهُ لَا يَسَعُ عَامَّتُهُمْ تَرْكَهُ، فَإِذَا قَامَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ فِيهِ كِفَايَةٌ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ»\n\n٧٣٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ فِيمَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اتِّبَاعُ الْجَنَائِزِ","vol":"5","page":218},{"text":"٧٣٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" حَقُّ الْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمِ خَمْسٌ: يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا لَقِيَهُ، وَيُشَمِّتُهُ إِذَا عَطَسَ، وَيُجِيبُهُ إِذَا دَعَاهُ، وَيَعُودُهُ إِذَا مَرِضَ، وَيَشْهَدُ جِنَازَتَهُ إِذَا مَاتَ \" مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"5","page":219},{"text":"٧٣٢٤ - قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: \" صَدَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ بِالْبَيْدَاءِ مَيْتَةً فَمَا رَفَعُوا لَهَا رَأْسًا، إِلَى أَنْ مَرَّ بِهَا رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: كُلَيْبٌ، فَقَامَ عُمَرُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَتَوَعَّدَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا أُمِرَ بِهَا فَلَمْ يُجِبْهَا لَفَعَلْتُ بِهِ، وَفَعَلْتُ، وَسَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَرَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَرْحَمَ كُلَيْبًا، فَطُعِنَ مَعَهُ غَدَاةَ طُعِنَ \"\n\n٧٣٢٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مَاتَ فَانْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ\n\n٧٣٢٦ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ نَحْوَهُ ⦗٢٢٠⦘.\n\n٧٣٢٧ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأُحِبُّ تَعْجِيلَ دَفْنِ الْمَيِّتِ إِذَا بَانَ مَوْتُهُ","vol":"5","page":219},{"text":"٧٣٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ وَحْوَحٍ فِي قِصَّةِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «عَجِّلُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِجِيفَةِ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يُحْبَسَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْ أَهْلِهِ»","vol":"5","page":220},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-434>بَابُ غُسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"5","page":221},{"text":"٧٣٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ غُسِّلَ فِي قَمِيصٍ». هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ ⦗٢٢٢⦘\n\n٧٣٣٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي، حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَوْصُولًا\n\n٧٣٣١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"5","page":221},{"text":"٧٣٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" أَقَلُّ مَا يُجْزِئُ مِنْ غُسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ: الْإِنْقَاءُ، وَأَقَلُّ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُغَسَّلَ ثَلَاثًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ بِإنْقَائِهِ مَا يُرِيدُ الْغَاسِلُ فَخَمْسٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ مَا يَجِبُ فَسَبْعٌ، وَلَا يَغْسِلُهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْمَاءِ إِلَّا أَلْقَى فِيهِ كَافُورًا لِلسُّنَّةِ \"","vol":"5","page":222},{"text":"٧٣٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةِ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَتِ ابْنَتُهُ فَقَالَ: «اغْسِلْنَهَا ثَلَاثًا، أَوْ خَمْسًا، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، إِنْ رَأَيْتُنَّ ذَلِكَ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ، وَاجْعَلْنَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْهُنَّ كَافُورًا أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنْ كَافُورٍ» ⦗٢٢٣⦘ زَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيِّ: \" فَإِذَا فَرَغْتُنَّ فَآذِنَّنِي فَلَمَّا فَرَغْنَا آذَنَّاهُ فَأَعْطَانَا حِقْوَهُ وَقَالَ: «أَشْعِرْنَهَا إِيَّاهُ» يَعْنِي إِزَارَهُ.\n\n٧٣٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِزِيَادَتِهِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"5","page":222},{"text":"٧٣٣٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَفْصَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُنَّ فِي غُسْلِ ابْنَتِهِ:  «ابْدَأْنَ بِمَيَامِنِهَا وَمَوَاضِعِ الْوضُوءِ مِنْهَا»\n\n٧٣٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَهُنَّ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٢٥⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ","vol":"5","page":224},{"text":"٧٣٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ جَرِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ،  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ غُسِّلَ ثَلَاثًا»","vol":"5","page":225},{"text":"٧٣٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «يُجْزِئُ فِي غُسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ مَرَّةً»\n\n٧٣٣٩ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مُؤَقَّتٌ.\n\n٧٣٤٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مَالِكٍ","vol":"5","page":225},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-435>الْمُحْرِمُ يَمُوتُ</span>","vol":"5","page":226},{"text":"٧٣٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَخَرَّ رَجُلٌ عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ، فَوُقِصَ فَمَاتَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اغْسِلُوهُ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ وَكَفِّنُوهُ فِي ثَوْبَيْهِ، وَلَا تُخَمِّرُوا رَأْسَهُ»","vol":"5","page":226},{"text":"٧٣٤٢ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَزَادَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي حُرَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَخَمِّرُوا وَجْهَهُ وَلَا تُخَمِّرُوا رَأْسَهُ، وَلَا تُمِسُّوهُ طِيبًا فَإِنَّهُ يُبْعَثُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُلَبِّيًا»\n\n٧٣٤٣ - لَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ لَنَا رِوَايَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي حُرَّةَ، وَذَكَرَهَا الْبَاقُونَ، وَحَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n٧٣٤٤ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، وَأَيُّوبَ، وَفِيهِ، مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «وَلَا تُحَنِّطُوهُ» ⦗٢٢٧⦘.\n\n٧٣٤٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، وَأَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «وَلَا تُقَرِّبُوهُ طِيبًا».\n\n٧٣٤٦ - وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَى أَيُّوبَ وَأَبِي بِشْرٍ فِي ثَوْبَيْهِ فَقِيلَ: فِي ثَوْبَيْهِ، وَقِيلَ فِي ثَوْبَيْنِ، وَقَدْ أَثْبَتَهُ عَمْرٌو فَقَالَ: فِي ثَوْبَيْهِ.\n\n٧٣٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، صَنَعَ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٧٣٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: كُفِّنَ كَمَا يُكَفَّنُ غَيْرُ الْمُحْرِمِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَعَلَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بَلْ لَا أَشُكُّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَلَوْ سَمِعَهُ مَا خَالَفَهُ.\n\n٧٣٤٩ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَوْلُنَا كَمَا قُلْنَا، وَبَلَغَنَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ مِثْلَهُ.\n\n٧٣٥٠ - وَمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ خِلَافَهُ إِذَا بَلَغَهُ","vol":"5","page":226},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-436>مَنْ غَسَّلَ مَيِّتًا يَسْتُرُ عَلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"5","page":228},{"text":"٧٣٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَأُحِبُّ إِنْ رَأَى مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ شَيْئًا أَنْ لَا يَتَحَدَّثَ بِهِ، فَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ لَحَقِيقٌ أَنْ يَسْتُرَ مَا يَكْرَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِ»\n\n٧٣٥٢ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْهُ: وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي هَذَا حَدِيثٌ: «مَنْ غَسَّلَ مَيِّتًا فَلْيَسْتُرْهُ»","vol":"5","page":228},{"text":"٧٣٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ الْمَعَافِرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ اللَّخْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ غَسَّلَ مَيِّتًا فَكَتَمَ عَلَيْهِ غُفِرَ ⦗٢٢٩⦘ لَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ مَرَّةً، وَمَنْ كَفَّنَ مَيِّتًا كَسَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ سُنْدُسِ وإسْتَبْرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَمَنْ حَفَرَ لِمَيِّتٍ قَبْرًا فَأَجَنَّهُ فِيهِ أُجْرِيَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ كَأَجْرِ مَسْكَنٍ أَسْكَنَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ»","vol":"5","page":228},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-437>غُسْلُ الْمَرْأَةِ زَوْجَهَا وَالزَّوْجِ امْرَأَتَهُ</span>","vol":"5","page":230},{"text":"٧٣٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْنَا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا اسْتَدْبَرْنَا مَا غَسَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا نِسَاؤُهُ»","vol":"5","page":230},{"text":"٧٣٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: «أَوْصَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ تُغَسِّلَهُ أَسْمَاءُ» ⦗٢٣١⦘\n\n٧٣٥٦ - فَقُلْتُ: «وَأَوْصَتْ فَاطِمَةُ أَنْ يُغَسِّلَهَا عَلِيٌّ»","vol":"5","page":230},{"text":"٧٣٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُهَاجِرٍ - عَنْ أُمِّ مُحَمَّدٍ بِنْتِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهَا أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ  «أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْصَتْهَا أَنْ تُغَسِّلَهَا إِذَا مَاتَتْ هِيَ، وَعَلِيٌّ فَغَسَّلَتْهَا هِيَ وَعَلِيٌّ ﵄»\n\n٧٣٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَابَعَهُ عَوْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ أُمِّ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ","vol":"5","page":231},{"text":"٧٣٥٩ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ أُمِّ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَتْ: حَدَّثَتْنِي أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ قَالَتْ: «غَسَّلْتُ أنا وَعَلِيٌّ، فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n٧٣٦٠ - وَذَكَرَ غَيْرَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى، وَصِيَّتَهَا، بِذَلِكَ","vol":"5","page":231},{"text":"٧٣٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ ⦗٢٣٢⦘، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ قَالَتْ:  «لَمَّا مَاتَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ﵂ غَسَّلَهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁»","vol":"5","page":231},{"text":"٧٣٦٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْلِهَا: وَأَرْسَاهُ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «وَمَا ضَرَّكِ لَوْ مُتِّ قَبْلِي فَغَسَّلْتُكِ وَكَفَّنْتُكِ وَصَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْكِ ثُمَّ دَفَنْتُكِ»","vol":"5","page":232},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-438>غُسْلُ الْمُسْلِمِ ذَا قَرَابَتِهِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَالْغُسْلُ مِنْ غُسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"5","page":233},{"text":"٧٣٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُغَسِّلَ الْمُسْلِمُ ذَا قَرَابَتِهِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَيَتْبَعُ جِنَازَتَهُ، وَيَدْفِنَهُ، وَلَكِنْ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ» وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ عَلِيًّا فِي أَبِي طَالِبٍ\n\n٧٣٦٤ - وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ.\n\n٧٣٦٥ - قَالَ: «وَأُحِبُّ لِمَنْ غَسَّلَ الْمَيِّتَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْوَاجِبِ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ»\n\n٧٣٦٦ - وَقَدْ جَاءَتْ أَحَادِيثُ فِي تَرْكِ الْغُسْلِ مِنْهَا: «لَا تُنَجِّسُوا مَوْتَاكُمْ»","vol":"5","page":233},{"text":"٧٣٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عِصْمَةَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْمُسَيِّبُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُثْمَانُ ابْنَا أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تُنَجِّسُوا مَوْتَاكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ لَيْسَ بِنَجَسٍ حَيًّا وَلَا مَيِّتًا»\n\n٧٣٦٨ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَرْفُوعًا، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْقُوفًا","vol":"5","page":234},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-439>بَابُ عَدَدِ الْكَفَنِ</span>","vol":"5","page":235},{"text":"٧٣٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٢٣٦⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «كُفِّنَ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ بِيضٍ سُحُولِيَّةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا قَمِيصٌ وَلَا عِمَامَةٌ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٧٣٧٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، وَفِيهِ، مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: قَالَ: فَقِيلَ لِعَائِشَةَ إِنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ كُفِّنَ فِي بُرْدٍ حِبَرَةٍ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: قَدْ جَاءُوا بِبُرْدٍ حِبَرَةٍ، وَلَمْ يُكَفِّنُوهُ ⦗٢٣٧⦘\n\n٧٣٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِزِيَادَتِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَمَانِيَّةٍ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: سُحُولِيَّةٍ.\n\n٧٣٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ لَا شَكَّ عِنْدِي فِي صِحَّتِهِ، وَثَبَتَ أَيْضًا عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"5","page":235},{"text":"٧٣٧٣ - وَذَلِكَ أَوْلَى مِمَّا رُوِيَ فِي، حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ ﷺ  «كُفِّنَ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ نَجْرَانِيَّةِ الْحُلَّةِ، ثَوْبَانِ وَقَمِيصُهُ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ» ⦗٢٣٨⦘\n\n٧٣٧٤ - وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ فِي ثَوْبَيْنِ أَبْيَضَيْنِ وَبُرْدٍ حِبَرَةٍ.\n\n٧٣٧٥ - لِقُوَّةِ إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ وَكَوْنِهَا أَعْرَفُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"5","page":237},{"text":"٧٣٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَمَا كُفِّنَ فِيهِ الْمَيِّتُ أَجْزَأَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا بِهَذَا لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «كَفَّنَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ بَعْضَ الْقَتْلَى بِنَمِرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ» فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِيهِ حَدٌّ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَقْصُرَ عَنْهُ، وَعَلَى أَنَّهُ يُجْزِئُ مَا وَارَى الْعَوْرَةَ.\n\n٧٣٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّ قُمِّصَ وَعُمِّمَ فَلَا بَأْسَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n٧٣٧٨ - قَالَ: وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِلَّا ثَوْبٌ وَاحِدٌ أَجْزَأَهُ، وَإِنْ ضَاقَ وَقَصُرَ غَطَّى بِهِ الرَّأْسَ وَالْعَوْرَةَ، وَوُضِعَ عَلَى الرِّجْلَيْنِ شَيْءٌ.\n\n٧٣٧٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ فُعِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ بِبَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":238},{"text":"٧٣٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ خَبَّابٍ قَالَ: هَاجَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَنَحْنُ نَبْتَغِي وَجْهَ اللَّهِ، فَوَقَعَ ⦗٢٣٩⦘ أَجْرُنَا عَلَى اللَّهِ، فَمِنَّا مَنْ قُتِلَ وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنْ أَجْرِهِ شَيْئًا، كَانَ مِنْهُمْ: مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ إِلَّا نَمِرَةً، فَكُنَّا إِذَا غَطَّيْنَا بِهَا رَأْسَهُ بَدَتْ رِجْلَاهُ، وَإِذَا غَطَّيْنَا رِجْلَيْهِ بَدَا رَأْسُهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «غَطُّوا رَأْسَهُ، وَاجْعَلُوا عَلَى رِجْلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِذْخِرِ» وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَيْنَعَتْ لَهُ ثَمَرَتُهُ فَهُوَ يَهْدُبُهَا أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"5","page":238},{"text":"٧٣٨١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: «أَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَبْرَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ بَعْدَمَا أُدْخِلَ حُفْرَتَهُ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَأُخْرِجَ، فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ أَوْ فَخِذَيْهِ فَنَفَثَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ رِيقِهِ، وَأَلْبَسَهُ قَمِيصَهُ» وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٢٤٠⦘. رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"5","page":239},{"text":"٧٣٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا  «كَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ طَلَبَتْ لَهُ الْأَنْصَارُ ثَوْبًا يَكْسُونَهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا قَمِيصًا يَصْلُحُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا قَمِيصَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ فَكَسَوْهُ إِيَّاهُ»\n\n٧٣٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n٧٣٨٤ - وَزَادَ فِيهِ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَازَاهُ بِذَلِكَ","vol":"5","page":240},{"text":"٧٣٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي أَمَالِي الْحَجِّ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مِنْ خَيْرِ ثِيَابِكُمُ الْبَيَاضُ، فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ خَيْرِ ثِيَابِكُمْ، وَكَفِّنُوا فِيهَا مَوْتَاكُمْ»","vol":"5","page":240},{"text":"٧٣٨٦ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خَيْرُ ثِيَابِكُمْ هَذِهِ الثِّيَابُ الْبَيَاضُ، فَلْيَلْبَسْهَا أَحْيَاؤُكُمْ، وَكَفِّنُوا فِيهَا مَوْتَاكُمْ، فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ خَيْرِ ثِيَابِكُمْ»\n\n٧٣٨٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ، حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":241},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-440>غُسْلُ الْمَرْأَةِ وَتَكْفِينُهَا</span>","vol":"5","page":242},{"text":"٧٣٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةِ قَالَتْ: «ضَفَّرْنَا شَعْرَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، نَاصِيَتَهَا وَقَرْنَيْهَا ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُونٍ فَأَلْقَيْنَاهَا خَلْفَهَا» ⦗٢٤٣⦘\n\n٧٣٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «غُسِّلَتْ وَكُفِّنَتِ ابْنَتُهُ».\n\n٧٣٩٠ - وَبِحَدِيثِهَا يُحْتَجُّ الَّذِي عَابَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ ﵀ قَوْلُهُ: «لَيْسَ فِي غُسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ شَيْءٌ يُوَقَّتُ، ثُمَّ يُخَالِفُهُ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ» قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ","vol":"5","page":242},{"text":"٧٣٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «وَالْمَرْأَةُ تُخَالِفُ الرَّجُلَ فِي الْكَفَنِ، إِذَا كَانَ مَوْجُودًا فَتُلْبَسُ الدِّرْعَ، وَتُؤَزَّرُ، وَتُعَمَّمُ، وَتُلَفُّ، وَيُشَدُّ ثَوْبٌ عَلَى صَدْرِهَا، وَتُجْمَعُ ثِيَابُهَا»\n\n٧٣٩٢ - وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ الْإِزَارُ دُونَ الدِّرْعِ، لِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ فِي ابْنَتِهِ","vol":"5","page":243},{"text":"٧٣٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نُوحُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، وَكَانَ قَارِئًا لِلْقُرْآنِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: دَاوُدُ قَدْ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٤٤⦘ عَنْ لَيْلَى بِنْتِ قَانِفٍ الثَّقَفِيَّةِ قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ فِيمَنْ غَسَّلَ أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِهَا، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا \" أَعْطَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحُقَاءَ، ثُمَّ الدِّرْعَ، ثُمَّ الْخِمَارَ، ثُمَّ الْمِلْحَفَةَ، ثُمَّ أُدْرِجَتْ بَعْدُ فِي الثَّوْبِ الْآخَرِ قَالَتْ: وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ عِنْدَ الْبَابِ مَعَهُ كَفَنُهَا يُنَاوِلُنَاهُ ثَوْبًا ثَوْبًا \"","vol":"5","page":243},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-441>الْحَنُوطُ</span>","vol":"5","page":245},{"text":"٧٣٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْكَافُورُ فِي الْحَنُوطِ مَأْخُوذٌ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ\n\n٧٣٩٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْكَافُورِ: «يُوضَعُ عَلَى مَوَاضِعِ السُّجُودِ»\n\n٧٣٩٦ - وَأَمَّا الْمِسْكُ: فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسُئِلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْمِسْكِ، أَحَنُوطٌ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ: أَوَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَطْيَبِ طِيبِكُمْ؟\n\n٧٣٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَاتَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَعِيدٍ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَتُحَنِّطُهُ بِالْمِسْكِ؟ قَالَ: وَأَيُّ طِيبٍ أَطْيَبُ مِنَ الْمِسْكِ، هَاتِي مِسْكًا.\n\n٧٣٩٨ - قَالَ: وَكُنَّا نُشْبِعُ بِحَنُوطِهِ: مَرَاقَّهُ وَمَغَابِنَهُ\n\n٧٣٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ الْعُمَرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّرَيْحِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"5","page":245},{"text":"٧٤٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ \" أَوْصَى أَنْ يُحَنَّطَ، بِمِسْكٍ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ، وَقَالَ: هُوَ فَضْلُ حَنُوطِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"\n\n٧٤٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حَنُوطٌ، وَلَا كَافُورٌ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ رَجَوْتُ أَنْ يُجْزِئَ»","vol":"5","page":246},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-442>السِّقْطُ</span>","vol":"5","page":247},{"text":"٧٤٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «السِّقْطُ يُغَسَّلُ وَيُكَفَّنُ وَيُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ إِنِ اسْتَهَلَّ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَهِلَّ غُسِّلَ وَكُفِّنَ وَدُفِنَ، وَالْخِرْقَةُ الَّتِي تُوَارِيهِ لِفَافَةٌ تَكْفِيهِ»","vol":"5","page":247},{"text":"٧٤٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ الصَّبِيُّ، وَرِثَ وَصُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٧٤٠٤ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":247},{"text":"٧٤٠٥ - وَعَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي السِّقْطِ:  «يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَيُدْعَى لِوَالِدَيْهِ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ» ⦗٢٤٨⦘\n\n٧٤٠٦ - وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ: أَحَقُّ مَنْ صَلَّيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَطْفَالُكُمْ.\n\n٧٤٠٧ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"5","page":247},{"text":"٧٤٠٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَى السِّقْطِ حَتَّى يَسْتَهِلَّ»\n\n٧٤٠٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى ذَكَرَهَا ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَقَالَ: يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَهِلَّ.\n\n٧٤١٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ صَلَّى عَلَى الْمَنْفُوسِ","vol":"5","page":248},{"text":"٧٤١١ - وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهُ «مَاتَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n٧٤١٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَالْبَهِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ","vol":"5","page":248},{"text":"٧٤١٣ - وَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ بِسَائِرِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الصَّحِيحَةِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ ⦗٢٤٩⦘ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَتْ: دُعِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى جِنَازَةِ صَبِيٍّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ طُوبَى لِهَذَا عُصْفُورٌ مِنْ عَصَافِيرِ الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي لَمْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا وَلَمْ يَدْرِ بِهِ قَالَتْ: قَالَ: «أَوْ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ يَا عَائِشَةُ،» إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْجَنَّةَ وَخَلَقَ لَهَا أَهْلًا خَلَقَهَا لَهُمْ، وَهُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِهِمْ، وَخَلَقَ النَّارَ وَخَلَقَ لَهَا أَهْلًا خَلَقَهَا لَهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِهِمْ \"\n\n٧٤١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"5","page":248},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-443>بَابُ الشَّهِيدِ وَمَنْ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَيُغَسَّلُ</span>","vol":"5","page":250},{"text":"٧٤١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا قَتَلَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْمُعْتَرَكِ لَمْ تُغَسَّلِ الْقَتْلَى، وَلَمْ يُصَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَدُفِنُوا بِكُلُومِهِمْ وَدِمَائِهِمْ، وَكَفَّنَهُمْ أَهْلُوهُمْ إِنْ شَاءُوا»\n\n٧٤١٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ بَعْضَ شُهَدَاءِ أُحُدٍ كُفِّنَ فِي نَمِرَةٍ،\n\n٧٤١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، ح","vol":"5","page":251},{"text":"٧٤١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٥٢⦘، أَنَّ جَابِرًا، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَانَ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ مِنْ قَتْلَى أُحُدٍ فِي الثَّوْبِ الْوَاحِدِ وَيَسْأَلُ: أَيُّهُمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرَ أَخْذًا لِلْقُرْآنِ؟ فَيُقَدِّمُهُ فِي اللَّحْدِ وَقَالَ:  «أَنَا شَهِيدٌ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» وَأَمَرَ بِدَفْنِهِمْ بِدِمَائِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَمْ يُغَسَّلُوا \"","vol":"5","page":251},{"text":"٧٤١٩ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، وَحَدِيثُ الشَّافِعِيِّ مُخْتَصَرٌ:  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَى قَتْلَى أُحُدٍ، وَلَمْ يُغَسِّلْهُمْ» وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ بِطُولِهِ","vol":"5","page":252},{"text":"٧٤٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَى قَتْلَى أُحُدٍ، وَلَمْ يُغَسِّلْهَا»","vol":"5","page":252},{"text":"٧٤٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا: «أَنَّ شُهَدَاءَ، أُحُدٍ لَمْ يُغَسَّلُوا، وَدُفِنُوا بِدِمَائِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يُصَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ»\n\n٧٤٢٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَرَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ اسْتَثْنَى فِيهِ حَمْزَةَ فَقَالَ: وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ غَيْرِهِ","vol":"5","page":253},{"text":"٧٤٢٣ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْهُ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ:  «وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ غَيْرَهُ» غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظَةٍ.\n\n٧٤٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ الْبُخَارِيَّ فَقَالَ: حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ، وَحَدِيثُ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ هُوَ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ، غَلَطَ فِيهِ أُسَامَةُ","vol":"5","page":253},{"text":"٧٤٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗٢٥٤⦘ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ الصُّعَيْرِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَشْرَفَ عَلَى قَتْلَى أُحُدٍ فَقَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ فَزَمِّلُوهُمْ بِكُلُومِهِمْ وَبِدِمَائِهِمْ»،\n\n٧٤٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي صُعَيْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"5","page":253},{"text":"٧٤٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الْمَكِّيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ نُبَيْحِ الْعَنَزِيِّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «أَمَرَ بِقَتْلَى أُحُدٍ أَنْ يُرَدُّوا إِلَى مَصَارِعِهِمْ»\n\n٧٤٢٨ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِلَى مَضَاجِعِهِمْ","vol":"5","page":254},{"text":"٧٤٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَعَلَّ تَرْكَ الْغُسْلِ وَالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُ جَمَاعَةُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِرَادَةَ أَنْ يَلْقَوَا اللَّهَ بِكُلُومِهِمْ لِمَا جَاءَ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «أَنَّ رِيحَ الْكَلْمِ رِيحُ الْمِسْكِ، وَاللَّوْنَ لَوْنُ الدَّمِ، واسْتَغْنَوْا بِكَرَامَةِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، لَهُمْ مَعَ التَّخْفِيفِ، عَنْ مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"5","page":255},{"text":"٧٤٣٠ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يُكَلَمُ أَحَدٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ يُكْلَمُ فِي سَبِيلِهِ، إِلَّا جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَجُرْحُهُ يَثْعُبُ دَمًا، اللَّوْنُ لَوْنُ الدَّمِ، وَالرِّيحُ رِيحُ الْمِسْكِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ","vol":"5","page":255},{"text":"٧٤٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُغَسَّلُونَ وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ الشَّعْبِيَّ رَوَى أَنَّ حَمْزَةَ صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ سَبْعُونَ صَلَاةً فَكَانَ يُؤْتَى بِتِسْعَةٍ مِنَ الْقَتْلَى حَمْزَةُ عَاشِرُهُمْ، فَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ يُرْفَعُونَ وَحَمْزَةُ مَكَانَهُ، ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى بِآخَرِينَ فَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِمْ وَحَمْزَةُ مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ سَبْعِينَ صَلَاةً ⦗٢٥٦⦘\n\n٧٤٣٢ - وَإِنْ كَانَ عَنَى: كَبَّرَ سَبْعِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً فَنَحْنُ وَهُمْ نَزْعُمُ أَنَّ التَّكْبِيرَ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ أَرْبَعٌ، فَهِيَ إِذَا كَانَتْ تِسْعَ صَلَوَاتٍ: سِتٌّ وَثَلَاثُونَ تَكْبِيرَةً فَمِنْ أَيْنَ جَاءَتْ أَرْبَعٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ تَكْبِيرَةً؟","vol":"5","page":255},{"text":"٧٤٣٣ - قَدْ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، أَنْ يَسْتَحِيَ، عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُعَارِضَ بِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ كَأَنَّهَا عَيَانٌ فَقَدْ جَاءَتْ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ مُتَوَاتِرَةٍ بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقَالَ:  «زَمِّلُوهُمْ بِكُلُومِهِمْ»","vol":"5","page":256},{"text":"٧٤٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الشَّعْبِيُّ، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" صَلَّى يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ عَلَى حَمْزَةَ سَبْعِينَ صَلَاةً، وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «فَكَانَ يُؤْتَى بِتِسْعَةٍ وَحَمْزَةُ عَاشِرُهُمْ فَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِمْ»\n\n٧٤٣٥ - فَمَا عِنْدَنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْغِفَارِيِّ، ثُمَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ حَتَّى صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ سَبْعِينَ صَلَاةً ⦗٢٥٧⦘.\n\n٧٤٣٦ - وَهَذَا لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ كَمَا قَدْ بَيَّنَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀.\n\n٧٤٣٧ - وَحَدِيثُ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَأَبِي مَالِكٍ كِلَاهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.","vol":"5","page":256},{"text":"٧٤٣٨ - وَرَوَى أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي قَتْلِ حَمْزَةَ، وَفِي آخِرِهَا قَالَ: ثُمَّ  «أَمَرَ بِالْقَتْلَى فَجَعَلَ يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِمْ فَيُوضَعُ تِسْعَةٌ وَحَمْزَةُ فَيُكَبِّرُ عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ وَيُرْفَعُونَ، وَتُرِكَ حَمْزَةُ، ثُمَّ يُجَاءُ بِتِسْعَةٍ فَيُكَبِّرُ عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعًا حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهُمْ»\n\n٧٤٣٩ - وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ غَلَطًا مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، فَإِنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ إِنَّمَا رَوَى قِصَّةَ الصَّلَاةِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُنْقَطِعًا هَكَذَا","vol":"5","page":257},{"text":"٧٤٤٠ - رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ  «ﷺ صَلَّى عَلَى حَمْزَةَ فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ تِسْعًا»","vol":"5","page":257},{"text":"٧٤٤١ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى حَمْزَةَ فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ سَبْعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ، وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ بِقَتِيلٍ إِلَّا صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ مَعَهُ حَتَّى صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ اثْنَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ صَلَاةً»\n\n٧٤٤٢ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَلَا يَفْرَحُ بِمَا يَرْوِيهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْمَ مَنْ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْهُ، فَكَثْرَةُ رِوَايَتِهِ عَنِ الضُّعَفَاءِ وَالْمَجْهُولِينَ ⦗٢٥٨⦘\n\n٧٤٤٣ - وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ فِي عَدَدِ الصَّلَاةِ وَلَابُدَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ، إِمَّا رِوَايَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَيُوضَعُ تِسْعَةٌ وَحَمْزَةُ فَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ يُجَاءُ بِتِسْعَةٍ.\n\n٧٤٤٤ - أَوْ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ: حَتَّى صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ اثْنَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ صَلَاةً غَلَطًا، وَلَا يُمْكِنُ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُمَا كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀.\n\n٧٤٤٥ - وَالْأَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كِلَاهُمَا غَلَطًا لِمُخَالَفَتِهِمَا الرَّاوِيَةَ الثَّابِتَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَجَابِرٌ كَانَ قَدْ شَهِدَ الْقِصَّةَ وَقْتَ فَرَاغِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الْقَتْلَى.\n\n٧٤٤٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى فِيهِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ شَيْئًا.","vol":"5","page":257},{"text":"٧٤٤٧ - وَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ مِنْهُ وَقَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلْحَكَمِ: صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى قَتْلَى أُحُدٍ؟ فَقَالَ:  «لَا لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَى قَتْلَى أُحُدٍ»\n\n٧٤٤٨ - وَفِي هَذَا تَضْعِيفُ رِوَايَةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي عُتْبَةَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ عَلَى الْحَكَمِ","vol":"5","page":258},{"text":"٧٤٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: لَوْلَا شُعْبَةُ مَا عُرِفَ الْحَدِيثُ بِالْعِرَاقِ، وَكَانَ يَجِئُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَيَقُولُ:  «لَا تُحَدِّثْ وَإِلَّا اسْتَعْدَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ السُّلْطَانَ»","vol":"5","page":258},{"text":"٧٤٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «خَرَجَ يَوْمًا فَصَلَّى عَلَى أَهْلِ أُحُدٍ صَلَاتَهُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ» - فَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «صَلَّى عَلَى قَتْلَى أُحُدٍ بَعْدَ ثَمَانِ سِنِينَ كَالْمُوَدِّعِ لِلْأَحْيَاءِ وَالْأَمْوَاتِ» وَكَأَنَّهُ ﷺ وَقَفَ عَلَى قُبُورِهِمْ فَدَعَا ⦗٢٥٩⦘ لَهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمْ كَمَا كَانَ يَدْعُو لِغَيْرِهِمْ مِنَ الْمَوْتَى حِينَ عَلِمَ قُرْبَ أَجَلِهِ كَالْمُوَدِّعِ لِلْأَحْيَاءِ وَالْأَمْوَاتِ\n\n٧٤٥١ - وَلَا يَدُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى نَسْخِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْهُ مِنْ تَرْكِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِمْ.\n\n٧٤٥٢ - وَإِذَا لَمْ يَثْبُتِ الْحُكْمُ فِي عَيْنِ مَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ إِلَّا عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي حَمَلْنَا الْخَبَرَ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يُنْسَخْ بِهِ مَا ثَبَتَ مِنْ أَحْكَامِهِ.\n\n٧٤٥٣ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ فِي صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى أَعْرَابِيٍّ أَصَابَهُ سَهْمٌ ⦗٢٦٠⦘. «\n\n٧٤٥٤ - يُحْتَمَلْ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَقِيَ حَيًّا حَتَّى انْقَطَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ».\n\n٧٤٥٥ - وَنَحْنُ نُصَلِّي عَلَى الْمُرْتِثِ وَعَلَى الَّذِي يُقْتَلُ ظُلْمًا فِي غَيْرِ مُعْتَرَكِ الْكُفَّارِ","vol":"5","page":258},{"text":"٧٤٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ غُسِّلَ وَكُفِّنَ، وَصُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ» ⦗٢٦١⦘\n\n٧٤٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ يَعْنِي عُمَرَ وَلَكِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا صَارَ إِلَى الشَّهَادَةِ فِي غَيْرِ حَرْبٍ","vol":"5","page":260},{"text":"٧٤٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي، مَقْتَلِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ  «قَتَلَهُ أَبُو لُؤْلُؤَةَ بِخِنْجَرٍ لَهُ رَأْسَانِ»","vol":"5","page":261},{"text":"٧٤٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ  «صَلَّى عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَكَانَ مَقْتُولًا بِالسَّيْفِ فِي غَيْرِ حَرْبٍ»","vol":"5","page":261},{"text":"٧٤٦٠ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَحَنْظَلَةَ بْنَ الرَّاهِبِ أُصِيبَا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ وَهُمَا جُنُبٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «رَأَيْتُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تُغَسِّلُهُمَا»، فَهَذَا إِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ لَهُ فِي حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ الرَّاهِبِ مِنْ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي شَوَاهِدَ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"5","page":261},{"text":"٧٤٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَمَنْ أَكَلَهُ سَبُعٌ أَوْ قَتَلَهُ أَهْلُ الْبَغْيِ أَوِ اللُّصُوصُ، أَوْ لَمْ يُعْلَمْ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ غُسِّلَ وَصُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ إِلَّا بَعْضُ جَسَدِهِ صُلِّيَ عَلَى مَا وُجِدَ مِنْهُ وَغُسِّلَ ذَلِكَ الْعُضْوُ، وَبَلَغَنَا عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى عَلَى رُءُوسٍ»","vol":"5","page":261},{"text":"٧٤٦٢ - حدثنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ ⦗٢٦٢⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، أَنَّ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ،  «صَلَّى عَلَى رُءُوسٍ»","vol":"5","page":261},{"text":"٧٤٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا  «أَنَّ طَائِرًا أَلْقَى يَدًا بِمَكَّةَ فِي وَقْعَةِ الْجَمَلِ فَعَرَفُوهَا بِالْخَاتَمِ فَغَسَّلُوهَا وَصَلُّوا عَلَيْهَا»","vol":"5","page":262},{"text":"٧٤٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّهُ «صَلَّى عَلَى عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، وَهَاشِمِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ»","vol":"5","page":262},{"text":"٧٤٦٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «ادْفِنُونِي فِي ثِيَابِي فَإِنِّي مُخَاصَمٌ»","vol":"5","page":262},{"text":"٧٤٦٦ - وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ صُوحَانَ: «لَا تَغْسِلُوا عَنِّي دَمًا وَلَا تَنْزِعُوا عَنِّي ثَوْبًا، إِلَّا الْخُفَّيْنِ فَإِنِّي رَجُلٌ مُحَاجٌّ»","vol":"5","page":262},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-444>بَابُ حَمْلِ الْجِنَازَةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":263},{"text":"٧٤٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلَّذِي يَحْمِلُ الْجِنَازَةَ أَنْ يَضَعَ السَّرِيرَ عَلَى كَاهِلِهِ بَيْنَ الْعَمُودَيْنِ الْمُقَدَّمَيْنِ وَيَحْمِلَ بِالْجَوَانِبِ الْأَرْبَعِ»\n\n٧٤٦٨ - وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ: لَا يَحْمِلُ بَيْنَ الْعَمُودَيْنِ.\n\n٧٤٦٩ - هَذَا عِنْدَنَا مُسْتَنْكَرٌ، فَلَمْ يَرْضَ إِنْ جَهِلَ مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمَهُ حَتَّى عَابَ قَوْلَ مَنْ قَالَ بِفِعْلِهِ هَذَا","vol":"5","page":263},{"text":"٧٤٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ حَمَلَ فِي جِنَازَةِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ بَيْنَ الْعَمُودَيْنِ\n\n٧٤٧١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ.\n\n٧٤٧٢ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَشَارَ إِلَى ثُبُوتِ مَا رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، دُونَ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ، عَنْهُ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":264},{"text":"٧٤٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ فِي جِنَازَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَائِمًا بَيْنَ الْعَمُودَيْنِ الْمُقَدَّمَيْنِ وَاضِعًا السَّرِيرَ عَلَى كَاهِلِهِ»","vol":"5","page":264},{"text":"٧٤٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ يَحْمِلَ بَيْنَ عَمُودَيْ سَرِيرِ أُمِّهِ فَلَمْ يُفَارِقُهُ حَتَّى وَضَعَهُ»","vol":"5","page":264},{"text":"٧٤٧٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكٍ، أَنَّهُ  «رَأَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ فِي جِنَازَةِ رَافِعٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ خَدِيجٍ - قَائِمًا بَيْنَ قَائِمَتِي السَّرِيرِ»","vol":"5","page":264},{"text":"٧٤٧٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَحْمِلُ بَيْنَ عَمُودَيْ سَرِيرٍ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ»","vol":"5","page":264},{"text":"٧٤٧٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ يَحْمِلُ بَيْنَ عَمُودَيْ سَرِيرٍ الْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ»\n\n٧٤٧٨ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ مُدْرِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"5","page":265},{"text":"٧٤٧٩ - وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، «أَنَّ أُسَيْدَ بْنَ حُضَيْرٍ، مَاتَ وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا يَحْيَى، وَحَمَلَهُ عُمَرُ بَيْنَ عَمُودَيِ السَّرِيرِ حَتَّى وَضَعَهُ»","vol":"5","page":265},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-445>بَابُ الْمَشْيِ بِالْجِنَازَةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":266},{"text":"٧٤٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «الْمَشْيُ بِالْجِنَازَةِ وَالْإِسْرَاعُ وَهُوَ فَوْقَ سَجِيَّةِ الْمَشْيِ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِالْمَيِّتِ عِلَّةٌ يُخَافُ أَنْ يَنْجُسَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ، أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يَرْفُقَ بِالْمَشْيِ»","vol":"5","page":266},{"text":"٧٤٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَسْرِعُوا بِالْجِنَازَةِ فَإِنْ تَكُ صَالِحَةً فَخَيْرٌ تُقَدِّمُونَهَا إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ تَكُ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَشَرٌّ تَضَعُونَهُ عَنْ رِقَابِكُمْ» ⦗٢٦٧⦘\n\n٧٤٨٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"5","page":266},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-446>الْمَشْيُ أَمَامَ الْجِنَازَةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":268},{"text":"٧٤٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ كَانُوا  «يَمْشُونَ أَمَامَ الْجِنَازَةِ»","vol":"5","page":268},{"text":"٧٤٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَحْدَهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ - أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: وَعُثْمَانَ - كَانُوا «يَمْشُونَ أَمَامَ الْجِنَازَةِ»\n\n٧٤٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، مَوْصُولًا، وَفِيهِ ذَكَرَ عُثْمَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ\n\n٧٤٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَامِدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ","vol":"5","page":269},{"text":"٧٤٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ قَالَ: \" كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَمْشِي أَمَامَ الْجِنَازَةِ، وَيَقُولُ: قَدْ مَشَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، أَمَامَهَا \" ⦗٢٧٠⦘ وَفِي حَدِيثِ الصَّغَانِيِّ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ","vol":"5","page":269},{"text":"٧٤٨٨ - وَرَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَمَنْصُورٍ، وَزِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَبَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، كُلُّهُمْ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ سَالِمًا أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّهُ «رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ يَمْشُونَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْجِنَازَةِ» غَيْرَ أَنَّ بَكْرًا لَمْ يَذْكُرْ عُثْمَانَ.\n\n٧٤٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو ذَرِّ بْنُ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ الْمُذَكِّرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَابْجِرْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٧٤٩٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، وَعَفَّانُ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ","vol":"5","page":270},{"text":"٧٤٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَمْشِي أَمَامَ الْجِنَازَةِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَالْخُلَفَاءُ هَلُمَّ جَرَّا»\n\n٧٤٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ مُرْسَلًا\n\n٧٤٩٣ - هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَرْسَلَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، هَكَذَا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَهُ، فَذَكَرُوا فِعْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ قَوْلِ سَالِمٍ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ وَصَلَهُ.\n\n٧٤٩٤ - وَمِمَّنْ وَصَلَهُ وَرُوجِعَ فِيهِ فَاسْتَقَرَّ عَلَيْهِ: سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ خَالَفَكَ النَّاسُ قَالَ: مَنْ؟ قَالَ: ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَمَعْمَرٌ، وَيُونُسُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: اسْتَقَرَّ الزُّهْرِيُّ حَدَّثَنِيهِ مِرَارًا لَسْتُ أُحْصِيهِ، سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ فِيهِ يُعِيدُهُ وَيُبْدِيهِ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٢٧١⦘.\n\n٧٤٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، مَوْصُولًا وَمُرْسَلًا\n\n٧٤٩٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.\n\n٧٤٩٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ زِيَادٍ، مَوْصُولًا.\n\n٧٤٩٨ - وَأَمَّا مَعْمَرٌ، وَيُونُسُ فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ، مِنْهُمَا مَوْصُولًا، وَرُوِيَ مُنْقَطِعًا، وَالِانْقِطَاعُ، عَنْهُمَا أَكْثَرُ.\n\n٧٤٩٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ عَقِيلُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي وَصْلِهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"5","page":270},{"text":"٧٥٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهُدَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ  «رَأَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يَقْدُمُ النَّاسَ أَمَامَ جِنَازَةِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ»","vol":"5","page":271},{"text":"٧٥٠١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدٍ مَوْلَى السَّائِبِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَعُبَيْدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ،  «يَمْشِيَانِ أَمَامَ الْجِنَازَةِ فَتَقَدَّمَا فَجَلَسَا يَتَحَدَّثَانِ فَلَمَّا جَازَتْ بِهِمَا قَامَا»\n\n٧٥٠٢ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَأَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبِي أُسَيْدٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"5","page":271},{"text":"٧٥٠٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فِي «الرَّاكِبِ يَسِيرُ خَلْفَ الْجِنَازَةِ، وَالْمَاشِي يَمْشِي خَلْفَهَا وَأَمَامَهَا وَعَنْ يَمِينِهَا وَعَنْ يَسَارِهَا، وَالسِّقْطُ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَيُدْعَا لِأَبَوَيْهِ بِالْعَافِيَةِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ» فَهُوَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْبَاغَنْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: أُرَاهُ قَدْ رَفَعَهُ.\n\n٧٥٠٤ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مَشْكُوكٌ فِي رَفْعِهِ وَكَانَ يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ يَقِفُهُ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ وَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِهِ أَنَّهُ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٧٥٠٥ - وَرَوَاهُ رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ حَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ زِيَادِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ حَيَّةَ مَرْفُوعًا، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"5","page":272},{"text":"٧٥٠٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْجَابِرِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَاجِدَةَ، وَقِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَاجِدٍ ⦗٢٧٣⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْنَا نَبِيَّنَا ﷺ عَنِ الْمَشْيِ مَعَ الْجِنَازَةِ فَقَالَ: «مَا دُونَ الْخَبَبِ إِنْ يَكُنْ خَيْرًا يُعَجَّلْ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ يَكُنْ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَبُعْدًا لِأَهْلِ النَّارِ، وَالْجِنَازَةُ مَتْبُوعَةٌ وَلَا تُتْبَعُ لَيْسَ مَعَهَا مَنْ يَقْدُمُهَا»\n\n٧٥٠٧ - فَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى الْمُجَبِّرِ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَهُوَ يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَاجِدَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٧٥٠٨ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَيَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ضَعِيفٌ وَهُوَ كُوفِيُّ.\n\n٧٥٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يَحْيَى الْجَابِرُ قَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَالْبُخَارِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، وَأَبُو مَاجِدَةَ مَجْهُولٌ","vol":"5","page":272},{"text":"٧٥١٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْدَوَيْهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ آدَمَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو فَرْوَةَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ \" رَأَى عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَمْشِي خَلْفَ الْجِنَازَةِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ كَانَا يَمْشِيَانِ أَمَامَهَا قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: يَرْحَمْهُمَا اللَّهُ إِنَّهُمَا كَانَا سَهْلَيْنِ يُسَهِّلَانِ لِلنَّاسِ، الْمَشْيُ خَلْفَهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الْمَشْيِ أَمَامَهَا \" ⦗٢٧٤⦘\n\n٧٥١١ - وَرَوَاهُ زَائِدَةُ بْنُ خِرَاشٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَزَادَ، كَفَضْلِ صَلَاةِ الرَّجُلِ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ فَذًّا\n\n٧٥١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: الْمَشْيُ خَلْفَهَا أَفْضَلُ.\n\n٧٥١٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ عُمَرَ إِنَّمَا قَدَّمَ النَّاسَ لِتَضَايُقِ الطَّرِيقِ حَتَّى كَأَنَّا لَمْ نَحْتَجَّ بِغَيْرِ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ","vol":"5","page":273},{"text":"٧٥١٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: «الْمَشْيُ خَلْفَهَا أَفْضَلُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ الْجِنَازَةَ مَتْبُوعَةٌ وَلَيْسَتْ بِتَابِعَةٍ، وَبِأَنَّ التَّفَكُّرَ فِي أَمْرِهَا إِذَا كَانَ خَلْفَهَا أَكْثَرُ»\n\n٧٥١٥ - وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي أَنَّ الْمَشْيَ أَمَامَ الْجِنَازَةِ أَفْضَلُ: مَشْيُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَمَامَهَا.\n\n٧٥١٦ - وَقَدْ عَلِمُوا أَنَّ الْعَامَّةَ تَقْتَدِي بِهِمْ وَتَفْعَلُ فِعْلَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ تَعْلِيمِهِ الْعَامَّةَ نَعْلَمُهُمْ يَدَّعُونَ مَوْضِعَ الْفَضْلِ فِي اتِّبَاعِ الْجَنَائِزِ، وَلَمْ نَكُنْ نَحْنُ نَعْرِفُ مَوْضِعَ الْفَضْلِ إِلَّا بِفِعْلِهِمْ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا شَيْئًا وَتَتَابَعُوا عَلَى فِعْلِهِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مَوْضِعُ الْفَضْلِ فِيهِ.\n\n٧٥١٧ - وَالْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ مِنْ مَشْيِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَثْبَتُ مِنْ أَنْ يُحْتَاجَ مَعَهَا إِلَى غَيْرِهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي اجْتِمَاعِ أَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَى بَعْدَهُ الْحُجَّةُ، لَمْ يَمْشُوا فِي مَشْيِهِمْ لِتَضَايُقِ الطَّرِيقِ، إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الْمَدِينَةُ أَوْ عَامَّتُهَا فَضَاءً حَتَّى عُمِّرَتْ بَعْدَهُ، فَأَيُّ تَضَايُقٍ فِيهَا؟.\n\n٧٥١٨ - وَلَسْنَا نَعْرِفُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁ خِلَافَ فِعْلِ أَصْحَابِهِ.\n\n٧٥١٩ - وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ: هَذِهِ الْجِنَازَةُ مَتْبُوعَةٌ فَلَمْ نَرَ مَنْ مَشَى أَمَامَهَا أَرَادَ إِلَّا لِاتِّبَاعِهَا فَأَمَّا مَنْ مَشَى لِحَاجَتِهِ فَلَيْسَ بِتَابِعٍ لِلْجِنَازَةِ.\n\n٧٥٢٠ - وَلَا شَكَّ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ أَمَامَهَا فَهُوَ مَعَهَا ⦗٢٧٥⦘.\n\n٧٥٢١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ كَلَامَهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَالْفِكْرُ لِلْمُتَقَدِّمِ وَالْمُتَخَلِّفِ سَوَاءٌ.\n\n٧٥٢٢ - لَعَمْرِي أَنَّ مَنْ يَمْشِي أَمَامَهَا مَعَ عَدَمِ الْفِكْرِ فِيهَا، وَإِنَّمَا خَرَجَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ يَتْبَعُهَا إِنَّ هَذِهِ لَمِنَ الْغَفْلَةِ، وَلَا يُؤْمَنُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا كَانَ هَكَذَا أَنْ يَمْشِيَ وَهُوَ خَلْفَهَا","vol":"5","page":274},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-447>الْقِيَامُ لِلْجِنَازَةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":276},{"text":"٧٥٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْجِنَازَةَ فَقُومُوا لَهَا حَتَّى تُخَلِّفَكُمْ أَوْ تُوضَعَ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ⦗٢٧٧⦘.\n\n٧٥٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَرَوَى شَيْبَةُ بِمَا يُوَافِقُهُ","vol":"5","page":276},{"text":"٧٥٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْجِنَازَةَ فَقُومُوا، فَمَنْ تَبِعَهَا فَلَا يَقْعُدْ حَتَّى تُوضَعَ»\n\n٧٥٢٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «حَتَّى تُوضَعَ بِالْأَرْضِ» ⦗٢٧٨⦘\n\n٧٥٢٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ: «حَتَّى تُوضَعَ فِي اللَّحْدِ» وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ","vol":"5","page":277},{"text":"٧٥٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَامَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ لِجِنَازَةِ يَهُودِيٍّ حَتَّى مَرَّتْ»\n\n٧٥٢٩ - ورُوِّينَاهُ فِي، حَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، وَقَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّهَا جِنَازَةُ يَهُودِيٍّ فَقَالَ: «أَلَيْسَتْ نَفْسًا؟»","vol":"5","page":278},{"text":"٧٥٣٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، «أَنَّ الْمَوْتَ، فَزَعٌ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ جِنَازَةً فَقُومُوا لَهَا»","vol":"5","page":278},{"text":"٧٥٣١ - وَرُوِيَ فِي، حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو:  «وَإِنَّمَا يَقُومُونَ إِعْظَامًا لِلَّذِي يَقْبِضُ النُّفُوسَ»","vol":"5","page":279},{"text":"٧٥٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَهَذَا لَا يَعْدُو أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْسُوخًا أَوْ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، قَامَ لَهَا لِعِلَّةٍ قَدْ رَوَاهَا بَعْضُ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ مِنْ  «أَنَّ جِنَازَةَ يَهُودِيٍّ مُرَّ بِهَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَامَ لَهَا كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ تَطُولَهُ»","vol":"5","page":279},{"text":"٧٥٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَامِدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كَانَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ جَالِسًا فِي نَفَرٍ فَمُرَّ عَلَيْهِ بِجِنَازَةٍ فَقَامَ النَّاسُ حِينَ طَلَعَتْ، فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ:  «إِنَّهُ مُرَّ بِجِنَازَةِ يَهُودِيٍّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، عَلَى طَرِيقِهَا فَقَامَ حِينَ طَلَعَتْ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ تَعْلُوَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ»\n\n٧٥٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَيُّهُمَا كَانَ فَقَدْ جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَرْكُهُ بَعْدَ فِعْلِهِ.\n\n٧٥٣٥ - وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي الْآخِرِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ.\n\n٧٥٣٦ - وَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَوَّلُ وَاجِبًا، فَالْآخِرُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ نَاسِخٌ.\n\n٧٥٣٧ - وَإِنْ كَانَ اسْتِحْبَابًا فَالْآخِرُ هُوَ الِاسْتِحْبَابُ.\n\n٧٥٣٨ - وَإِنْ كَانَ مُبَاحًا فَلَا بَأْسَ بِالْقِيَامِ وَالْقُعُودِ، وَالْقُعُودُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لِأَنَّهُ الْأَخِرُ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ","vol":"5","page":279},{"text":"٧٥٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٢٨٠⦘ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ وَاقِدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ  «يَقُومُ فِي الْجِنَازَةِ ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ بَعْدُ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"5","page":279},{"text":"٧٥٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، يَعْنِي عَنْ وَاقِدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَوْ شَبِيهٍ بِهَذَا وَقَالَ: «قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَمَرَنَا بِالْقِيَامِ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ وَأَمَرَنَا بِالْجُلُوسِ» ⦗٢٨١⦘\n\n٧٥٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، بِمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n٧٥٤٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو","vol":"5","page":280},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-448>بَابُ مَنْ أَوْلَى بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"5","page":282},{"text":"٧٥٤٣ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنْ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبَوَيَّ قَدْ هَلَكَا فَهَلْ بَقِيَ مِنْ بِرِّهِمَا شَيْءٌ أَصِلُهُمَا بِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِمَا؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْيَاءَ؛ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَيْهِمَا، وَالِاسْتِغْفَارُ لَهُمَا ⦗٢٨٣⦘، وَإِنْفَاذُ عَهْدِهِمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِهِمَا، وَإِكْرَامُ صَدِيقِهِمَا، وَصِلَةُ رَحِمِهِمَا الَّتِي لَا رَحِمَ لَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ قِبَلِهِمَا»\n\n٧٥٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْغَسِيلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"5","page":282},{"text":"٧٥٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «إِذَا حَضَرَ الْوَالِي الْمَيِّتَ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ لَا يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ وَلِيِّهِ لِأَنَّ هَذَا مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْخَاصَّةِ الَّتِي الْوَلِيُّ أَحَقُّ بِهَا عَنِ الْوَالِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ»\n\n٧٥٤٦ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ لَهُ عِلْمٌ: «الْوَالِي أَحَقُّ».\n\n٧٥٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، وَالْأَسْوَدِ، وَسُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُوسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَالِمٍ، وَالْقَاسِمِ، وَالْحَسَنِ قَالُوا: الْإِمَامُ يَتَقَدَّمُ","vol":"5","page":283},{"text":"٧٥٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ⦗٢٨٤⦘ حُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ قَدَّمَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنَّهَا سُنَّةٌ مَا قَدَّمْتُهُ»","vol":"5","page":283},{"text":"٧٥٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ:  «وَقَدْ صَلَّى النَّاسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَفْذَاذًا لَا يَؤُمُّهُمْ أَحَدٌ»","vol":"5","page":284},{"text":"٧٥٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ حَمُّويَهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ نُبَيْطٍ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ نُبَيْطِ بْنِ شَرِيطٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: مَرِضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي وَفَاتِهِ وَاخْتِلَافِ النَّاسِ فِي مَوْتِهِ قَالَ: فَقَالُوا - يَعْنِي لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ - يَا صَاحِبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ، فَقَالُوا: يَا صَاحِبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ: «يَدْخُلُ قَوْمٌ فَيُكَبِّرُونَ وَيَدْعُونَ وَيُصَلُّونَ، ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُونَ، وَيَدْخُلُ قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ فَيُكَبِّرُونَ وَيَدْعُونَ وَيُصَلُّونَ، ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُونَ، حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ النَّاسُ جَمِيعًا» وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بَنِي أَبِيهِ أَنْ يُغَسِّلُوهُ.\n\n٧٥٥١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهُمْ صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ بِغَيْرِ إِمَامٍ»","vol":"5","page":284},{"text":"٧٥٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ \" لِعِظَمِ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ - بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي - وَتَنَافِيهِمْ فِي أَنْ لَا يَتَوَلَّى الْإِمَامَةَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ وَاحِدٌ، فَصَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ مَرَّةً بَعْدَ مَرَّةٍ ⦗٢٨٥⦘.\n\n٧٥٥٣ - قَالَ: وَسُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَوْتَى، وَالْأَمْرُ الْمُعَوَّلُ بِهِ بَعْدَهُ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ «أَنْ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِمْ بِإِمَامٍ»\n\n٧٥٥٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ - يَعْنِي مِمَّنْ صَلَّى عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ - ثَلَاثَةً فَصَاعِدًا مُتَوَضِّئِينَ أَجْزَأَتْ \"","vol":"5","page":284},{"text":"٧٥٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ،  «دَعَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى عُمَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ فَتَقَوَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَكَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ وَرَاءَهُ، وَأُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ وَرَاءَ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ غَيْرُهُمْ»","vol":"5","page":285},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-449>بَابُ وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ</span>","vol":"5","page":286},{"text":"٧٥٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَيُصَلَّى عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ أَيَّ سَاعَةٍ شَاءَ مِنْ لَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَارٍ»\n\n٧٥٥٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ يُدْفَنُ أَيَّ سَاعَةٍ شَاءَ.\n\n٧٥٥٨ - قَدْ دُفِنَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِسْكِينَةٌ لَيْلًا فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٧٥٥٩ - وَدُفِنَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ لَيْلًا","vol":"5","page":286},{"text":"٧٥٦٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا ⦗٢٨٧⦘ أَحْفَظُهُ أَنَّهُ  «صَلَّى عَلَى عَقِيلِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَالشَّمْسُ مُصْفَرَّةٌ قَبْلَ الْمَغِيبِ قَلِيلًا، وَلَمْ يَنْتَظِرُوا بِهِ مَغِيبَ الشَّمْسِ»","vol":"5","page":286},{"text":"٧٥٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَذَكَرَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ أَنَّ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانَ رَوَى عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ الْوَزَّانِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ  «صَلَّى وَالشَّمْسُ عَلَى أَطْرَافِ الْحِيطَانِ عَلَى جِنَازَةٍ»\n\n٧٥٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، يَقُولُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٧٥٦٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْمِسْكِينَةِ الَّتِي دُفِنَتْ بِاللَّيْلِ فَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"5","page":287},{"text":"٧٥٦٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ﵁ فَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي مَرَضِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: «فَمَاتَ لَيْلَةَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ، فَدُفِنَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصْبِحَ»","vol":"5","page":287},{"text":"٧٥٦٥ - وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ، وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دُفِنَ لَيْلًا»","vol":"5","page":287},{"text":"٧٥٦٥ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، دُفِنَتْ لَيْلًا وَدُفِنَ عُثْمَانُ لَيْلًا»","vol":"5","page":287},{"text":"٧٥٦٦ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَى جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي زَجْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يُقْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ بِاللَّيْلِ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ لِكَيْلَا تَفُوتُهُ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَيْهِ، أَلَا تَرَاهُ قَالَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ  «دَفَنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ بِالذِّكْرِ لَيْلًا»","vol":"5","page":287},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-450>اجْتِمَاعُ الْجَنَائِزِ</span>","vol":"5","page":288},{"text":"٧٥٦٧ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حِكَايَةِ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْهُ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ \" صَلَّى عَلَى تِسْعِ جَنَائِزَ جَمِيعًا، رِجَالٍ وَنِسَاءٍ، فَجَعَلَ الرِّجَالَ يَلُونَ الْإِمَامَ، وَالنِّسَاءَ مِمَّا يَلِي الْقِبْلَةَ، وَصَفَّهُمْ صَفًّا وَاحِدًا، وَوُضِعَتْ جِنَازَةُ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ عَلِيٍّ امْرَأَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَابْنٍ لَهَا يُقَالُ لَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَوُضِعَا جَمِيعًا، وَالْإِمَامُ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ، وَفِي النَّاسِ يَوْمَئِذٍ: ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو قَتَادَةَ، فَوُضِعَ الْغُلَامُ مِمَّا يَلِي الْإِمَامَ قَالَ رَجُلٌ: فَأَنْكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي قَتَادَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: السُّنَّةُ \"\n\n٧٥٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"5","page":288},{"text":"٧٥٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الضَّرُورَةُ دُفِنَ الِاثْنَانِ وَالثَّلَاثَةُ فِي قَبْرٍ، وَقُدِّمَ إِلَى الْقَبْرِ أَفْضَلُهُمْ وَأَقْرَؤُهُمْ»\n\n٧٥٧٠ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «أَفْضَلُهُمْ وَأَسَنُّهُمْ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ حَاجِزٌ مِنَ التُّرَابِ»\n\n٧٥٧١ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا رَخَّصْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِالسُّنَّةِ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَّا يَتَحَدَّثُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلَى أُحُدٍ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ اثْنَانِ فِي قَبْرٍ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ وَثَلَاثَةٌ.\n\n٧٥٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا، مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي بَابِ الشَّهِيدِ\n\n٧٥٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ","vol":"5","page":289},{"text":"٧٥٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: جَاءَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَقَالُوا: أَصَابَنَا قَرْحٌ وَجَهْدٌ فَكَيْفَ تَأْمُرُ؟ قَالَ: «احْفِرُوا، وَأَوْسِعُوا، وَاجْعَلُوا الرَّجُلَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ فِي الْقَبْرِ» قِيلَ: فَأَيُّهُمْ تُقَدِّمُ؟ قَالَ: «أَكْثَرُهُمْ قُرْآنًا» ⦗٢٩٠⦘\n\n٧٥٧٥ - قَالَ: وَأُصِيبَ أَبِي يَوْمَئِذٍ يَعْنِي عَامِرًا، فَقُدِّمَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اثْنَيْنِ أَوْ قَالَ: وَاحِدٍ.\n\n٧٥٧٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «وَأَعْمِقُوا» وَرَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ عَامِرٍ، وَرَوَاهُ، حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"5","page":289},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-451>بَابُ التَّكْبِيرِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ</span>","vol":"5","page":291},{"text":"٧٥٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَعَى لِلنَّاسِ النَّجَاشِيَّ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ، وَخَرَجَ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى، فَصَفَّ بِهِمْ وَكَبَّرَ أَرْبَعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"5","page":293},{"text":"٧٥٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ مِسْكِينَةً مَرِضَتْ فَأُخْبِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَرَضِهَا، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعُودُ الْمَسَاكِينَ وَيَسْأَلُ عَنْهُمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا مَاتَتْ فَآذِنُونِي بِهَا» فَخُرِجَ بِجِنَازَتِهَا لَيْلًا، فَكَرِهُوا أَنْ يُوقِظُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُخْبِرَ بِالَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ شَأْنِهَا فَقَالَ: «أَلَمْ آمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْذِنُونِيَ بِهَا؟» فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَرِهْنَا أَنْ نُخْرِجَكَ لَيْلًا، وَنُوقِظَكَ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى صَفَّ بِالنَّاسِ عَلَى قَبْرِهَا وَكَبَّرَ أَرْبَعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ \" ⦗٢٩٥⦘\n\n٧٥٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، أَنَّ بَعْضَ، أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخْبَرَهُ.\n\n٧٥٨٠ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"5","page":294},{"text":"٧٥٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" مَرَّ بِقَبْرٍ رَطْبٍ قَدْ دُفِنَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَانَ اللَّيْلُ فَكَرِهْنَا أَنْ نُوقِظَكَ قَالَ: فَتَقَدَّمَ فَصَفُّوا خَلْفَهُ، فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعًا \"\n\n٧٥٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ خَشْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّعْبِيِّ مَنْ أَخْبَرَكَ؟ قَالَ: الثِّقَةُ مَنْ شَهِدَهُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ","vol":"5","page":295},{"text":"٧٥٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، «صَلَّى عَلَى سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ سِتًّا»","vol":"5","page":296},{"text":"٧٥٨٤ - وَعَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، «كَبَّرَ عَلَى سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ خَمْسًا»، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ بَدْرِيٌّ","vol":"5","page":296},{"text":"٧٥٨٥ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، «كَبَّرَ عَلَى ابْنِ الْمُكَفَّفِ أَرْبَعًا»\n\n٧٥٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ الْأَوَّلَيْنِ إلْزَامًا لِلْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي ⦗٢٩٧⦘ خِلَافِهِمْ عَلِيًّا ﵁ وَقَوْلُ الرَّاوِي: «خَمْسًا» فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ غَلَطٌ، وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ مَنْ رَوَاهُ سِتًّا.\n\n٧٥٨٧ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، سِتًّا.\n\n٧٥٨٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ سِتًّا، وَعَلَى أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﵇، يَعْنِي مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ، خَمْسًا وَعَلَى سَائِرِ النَّاسِ أَرْبَعًا","vol":"5","page":296},{"text":"٧٥٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي \" الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ: لَا وَقْتَ وَلَا عَدَدَ \"","vol":"5","page":297},{"text":"٧٥٩٠ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زِرَّ بْنَ حُبَيْشٍ، يَقُولُ:  «صَلَّى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَّا فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسًا»\n\n٧٥٩١ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا أَوْرَدَهُ إلْزَامًا فِي خِلَافِهِمْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ.\n\n٧٥٩٢ - وَرَوَى أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زِرٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مِنْ فُتْيَاهُ «بِأَرْبَعٍ» كَمَا قَالَ غَيْرُهُ","vol":"5","page":297},{"text":"٧٥٩٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قَدْ كَانَ: أَرْبَعًا، وَخَمْسًا، فَاجْتَمَعْنَا عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ \"","vol":"5","page":297},{"text":"٧٥٩٤ - وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى  «أَنَّ التَّكْبِيرَ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ أَرْبَعٌ»","vol":"5","page":297},{"text":"٧٥٩٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ،  «كَبَّرَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ أَرْبَعًا وَمَا حَسَدَهَا خَيْرًا»\n\n٧٥٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رُزَيْنٌ، بَيَّاعُ الرُّمَّانِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"5","page":298},{"text":"٧٥٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «يُكَبِّرُ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ أَرْبَعًا، يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَى بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَيَدْعُو لِلْمَيِّتِ»","vol":"5","page":298},{"text":"٧٥٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَالَ: \" صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى جِنَازَةٍ، فَقَرَأَ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: سُنَّةٌ وَحَقٌّ \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَشُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ","vol":"5","page":298},{"text":"٧٥٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَجْهَرُ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ وَيَقُولُ:  «إِنَّمَا فَعَلْتُ لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهَا سُنَّةٌ»","vol":"5","page":299},{"text":"٧٦٠٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «كَبَّرَ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ أَرْبَعًا، وَقَرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ بَعْدَ التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى»","vol":"5","page":299},{"text":"٧٦٠١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أُمَامَةَ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ رَجُلٌ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  «أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ الْإِمَامُ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ بَعْدَ التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى سِرًّا فِي نَفْسِهِ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيُخْلِصُ الدُّعَاءَ لِلْجِنَازَةِ فِي التَّكْبِيراتِ، لَا يَقْرَأُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهُنَّ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ سِرًّا فِي نَفْسِهِ» ⦗٣٠٠⦘\n\n٧٦٠٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفٌ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ الْفِهْرِيُّ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ.\n\n٧٦٠٣ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَالنَّاسُ يَقْتَدُونَ بِإِمَامِهِمْ، يَصْنَعُونَ مَا يَصْنَعُ","vol":"5","page":299},{"text":"٧٦٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا يَقُولَانِ السُّنَّةَ إِلَّا لِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ»\n\n٧٦٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَبِي مَنِيعٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ الرُّصَافِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ مُطَرِّفٍ.\n\n٧٦٠٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ: ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٧٦٠٧ - وَبِذَلِكَ أَمَرَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ","vol":"5","page":300},{"text":"٧٦٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ:  «السُّنَّةُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ»","vol":"5","page":300},{"text":"٧٦٠٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ⦗٣٠١⦘، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ وَرْدَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يَقْرَأُ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ بَعْدَ التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ»\n\n٧٦١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبَلَغَنَا ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَسَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":300},{"text":"٧٦١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، كَانَ «يَقْرَأُ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ»\n\n٧٦١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا","vol":"5","page":301},{"text":"٧٦١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَرْفَعُ الْمُصَلِّي يَدَيْهِ كُلَّمَا كَبَّرَ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ فِي كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ لِلْأَثَرِ وَالْقِيَاسِ عَلَى السُّنَّةِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ كَبَّرَهَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ»","vol":"5","page":301},{"text":"٧٦١٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ كُلَّمَا كَبَّرَ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ»\n\n٧٦١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ أَدْرَكْنَا أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا\n\n٧٦١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"5","page":301},{"text":"٧٦١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، سَمِعَ سَلَمَةَ بْنَ وَرْدَانَ، يَذْكُرُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ كُلَّمَا كَبَّرَ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ»","vol":"5","page":301},{"text":"٧٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «يَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ بَعْدَ التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيَدْعُو جُمْلَةً لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، ثُمَّ يُخْلِصُ الدُّعَاءَ لِلْمَيِّتِ»\n\n٧٦١٩ - وَمِمَّا أَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ يُقَالَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ لَهُ أَنْ أَقُولَ: اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ خَرَجَ مِنْ رَوْحِ الدُّنْيَا وَسَقَمِهَا وَمَحْبُوبِهَا وَأَحِبَّائِهِ فِيهَا، إِلَى ظُلْمَةِ الْقَبْرِ، وَمَا هُوَ لَاقِيهِ، كَانَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ نَزَلَ بِكَ وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْزُولٍ بِهِ، وَأَصْبَحَ فَقِيرًا إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ وَأَنْتَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ، وَقَدْ جِئْنَاكَ رَاغِبِينَ إِلَيْكَ شُفَعَاءَ لَهُ، اللَّهُمَّ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِنًا فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئًا فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُ وَبَلِّغْهُ رَحْمَتِكَ بِرِضَاكَ، وَقِهِ فِتْنَةَ الْقَبْرِ وَعَذَابِهِ، وَأَفْسِحْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ، وَجَافِ الْأَرْضَ عَنْ جَنْبَيْهِ، وَلَقِّهِ بِرَحْمَتِكَ الْأَمْنَ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَذَابِكَ حَتَّى تَبْعَثَهُ إِلَى جَنَّتِكَ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ ⦗٣٠٣⦘. هَذَا قَوْلُهُ فِي بَابِ «غُسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ».\n\n٧٦٢٠ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْجَنَائِزِ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: وَأُحِبُّ إِنْ كَبَّرَ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ بَعْدَ التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيَسْتَغْفِرُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، ثُمَّ يُخْلِصُ الدُّعَاءَ لِلْمَيِّتِ.\n\n٧٦٢١ - وَلَيْسَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ شَيْءٌ مُؤَقَّتٌ، وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَقُولَ: اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ، كَانَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِنًا فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ وَقِهِ عَذَابَ الْقَبْرِ وَكُلَّ هَوْلٍ دُونَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَابْعَثْهُ مِنَ الْآمِنِينَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئًا فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُ وَبَلِّغْهُ بِمَغْفِرَتِكَ وَطَوْلِكَ دَرَجَاتِ الْمُحْسِنِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ فَارَقَ مَا كَانَ يُحِبُّ مِنْ سَعَةِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْأَهْلِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ إِلَى ظُلْمَةِ الْقَبْرِ وَضِيقِهِ، وَانْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ، وَقَدْ جِئْنَاكَ شُفَعَاءَ لَهُ وَرَجَوْنَا لَهُ رَحْمَتَكَ، أَنْتَ أَرْأَفُ بِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْهُ بِفَضْلِ رَحْمَتِكَ فَإِنَّهُ فَقِيرٌ إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ وَأَنْتَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ","vol":"5","page":302},{"text":"٧٦٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فَأَخْلِصُوا لَهُ الدُّعَاءَ»\n\n٧٦٢٣ - وَرَوَيْنَا فِي الدَّعَوَاتِ، وَالسُّنَنِ، مَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَدْعُو بِهِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْجِنَازَةِ ⦗٣٠٤⦘.\n\n٧٦٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ.\n\n٧٦٢٥ - وَالشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ أَخَذَ مَعَانِي مَا جَمَعَ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَؤُلَاءِ الصَّحَابَةِ أَوْ بَعْضِهِمْ","vol":"5","page":303},{"text":"٧٦٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَيَقُولُ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ:  «اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ وَلَا تَفْتِنَّا بَعْدَهُ»\n\n٧٦٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي آخِرِ مَا دَعَا بِهِ.\n\n٧٦٢٨ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: وَلَا تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ، وَلَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ\n\n٧٦٢٩ - ورُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي آخِرِ دُعَائِهِ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"5","page":304},{"text":"٧٦٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَيُسَلِّمُ تَسْلِيمَةً يُسْمِعُ مَنْ يَلِيهِ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَسْلِيمَتَيْنِ»","vol":"5","page":304},{"text":"٧٦٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يُسَلِّمُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ»","vol":"5","page":304},{"text":"٧٦٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «إِذَا صَلَّى عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ يُسَلِّمُ حَتَّى يُسْمِعَ مَنْ يَلِيهِ»","vol":"5","page":304},{"text":"٧٦٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ  «صَلَّى عَلَى جِنَازَةٍ فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعًا وَسَلَّمَ تَسْلِيمَةً»\n\n٧٦٣٤ - وَرُوِّينَا: تَسْلِيمَةً وَاحِدَةً، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَجَابِرٍ، وَأَنَسٍ، وَوَائِلَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْقَعِ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ","vol":"5","page":305},{"text":"٧٦٣٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «ثَلَاثٌ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفْعَلُهُنَّ تَرَكَهُنَّ النَّاسُ، إِحْدَاهُنَّ التَّسْلِيمُ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ مِثْلُ التَّسْلِيمِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»","vol":"5","page":305},{"text":"٧٦٣٦ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى: «أَنَّهُ كَبَّرَ أَرْبَعًا، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ، ثُمَّ عَزَاهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ فَقَطْ، أَوِ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ وَغَيْرِهِ» وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةُ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْهَجَرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى","vol":"5","page":305},{"text":"٧٦٣٧ - وَفِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْهَجَرِيُّ، أَنَّهُ \" رَأَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى فِي جِنَازَةِ ابْنَتِهِ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ تُقَادُ، فَيَقُولُ لِلْقَائِدِ: أَيْنَ أنا مِنْهَا؟ فَإِذَا قَالَ لَهُ: أَمَامَهَا قَالَ: احْبِسْ \"","vol":"5","page":305},{"text":"٧٦٣٨ - قَالَ: وَرَأَيْتُهُ حِينَ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا كَبَّرَ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعًا، ثُمَّ قَامَ سَاعَةً فَسَبَّحَ بِهِ الْقَوْمُ فَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: كُنْتُمْ تَرَوْنَ عَلَيَّ أَنِّي أَزِيدُ عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ، وَقَدْ  «رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَبَّرَ أَرْبَعًا»","vol":"5","page":305},{"text":"٧٦٣٩ - قَالَ: وَسَمِعَ ابْنُ أَبِي أَوْفَى، نِسَاءً يَرْثِينَ فَنَهَاهُنَّ، وَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «يَنْهَى عَنِ الْمَرَاثِي»\n\n٧٦٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْهَجَرِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"5","page":305},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-452>فَضْلُ مَنْ يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ أُمَّةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ</span>","vol":"5","page":306},{"text":"٧٦٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ السِّخْتِيَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، رَضِيعِ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَا مِنْ مَيِّتٍ يَمُوتُ فَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ أُمَّةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَبْلُغُونَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِائَةً فَيَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا شُفِّعُوا فِيهِ»","vol":"5","page":306},{"text":"٧٦٤٢ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ سَلَّامِ بْنِ أَبِي مُطِيعٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «مَا مِنْ مَيِّتٍ يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ أُمَّةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَبْلُغُونَ مِائَةً كُلُّهُمْ يَشْفَعُونَ لَهُ إِلَّا شُفِّعُوا فِيهِ»\n\n٧٦٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْمُسْتَمْلِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَلَّامُ بْنُ أَبِي مُطِيعٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٧٦٤٤ - قَالَ سَلَّامٌ: فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ، شُعَيْبَ بْنَ الْحَبْحَابِ فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى.\n\n٧٦٤٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا","vol":"5","page":307},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-453>الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ</span>","vol":"5","page":308},{"text":"٧٦٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُصَلَّى، عَلَى الْقَبْرِ بَعْدَمَا يُدْفَنُ الْمَيِّتِ بَلْ نَسْتَحِبُّهُ» ⦗٣٠٩⦘\n\n٧٦٤٧ - قَدْ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قَبْرِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَعْرُورٍ، وَعَلَى قَبْرِ غَيْرِهِ \"","vol":"5","page":308},{"text":"٧٦٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «صَلَّى عَلَى قَبْرِ امْرَأَةٍ وَكَبَّرَ أَرْبَعًا»","vol":"5","page":309},{"text":"٧٦٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَصَلَّتْ عَائِشَةُ عَلَى قَبْرِ أَخِيهَا»\n\n٧٦٥٠ - وَصَلَّى ابْنُ عُمَرَ عَلَى قَبْرِ أَخِيهِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n٧٦٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَعْرُورٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي مَشْهُورٌ\n\n٧٦٥٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"5","page":309},{"text":"٧٦٥٣ - ورُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، مُرْسَلًا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «قَدِمَ بَعْدَ سَنَةٍ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ» ⦗٣١٠⦘\n\n٧٦٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ قَالَ:: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٧٦٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالصَّوَابُ فِيمَا أَعْلَمُ بَعْدَ شَهْرٍ،\n\n٧٦٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، صَلَاةَ عَائِشَةَ عَلَى قَبْرِ أَخِيهَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ.\n\n٧٦٥٧ - وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ، صَلَاةَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَلَى قَبْرِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ","vol":"5","page":309},{"text":"٧٦٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ قَرَظَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، «أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ، عَلَى قَبْرِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ».\n\n٧٦٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ لَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا وَيَقُولُونَ: \" لَا يُصَلَّى عَلَى الْقَبْرِ.\n\n٧٦٦٠ - وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَأْخُذُ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ وَافَقَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ صَلَّى عَلَى قَبْرٍ","vol":"5","page":310},{"text":"٧٦٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ، مَالِكٌ، وَسُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «صَلَّى عَلَى قَبْرِ امْرَأَةٍ»\n\n٧٦٦٢ - وَقَالَ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَكَانَ أَكْبَرَ مِنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ","vol":"5","page":310},{"text":"٧٦٦٣ - وَعَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «صَلَّى عَلَى قَبْرٍ»","vol":"5","page":311},{"text":"٧٦٦٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ كَامِلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُسْتَمْلِي قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ الْإسْفِرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، يَزِيدَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَكَانَ أَكْبَرَ مِنْ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَرَأَى قَبْرًا جَدِيدًا، فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ، فَذُكِرَ لَهُ فَعَرَفَهُ قَالَ يَحْيَى: أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: «أَلَا آذَنْتُمُونِي؟» فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كُنْتَ قَائِمًا صَائِمًا، فَكَرِهْنَا أَنْ نُؤْذِيَكَ قَالَ:  «فَلَا تَفْعَلُوا أَلَا لَا أَعْرِفَنَّ مَنْ فِيكُمْ مَيِّتٌ مَا دُمْتُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ إِلَّا آذَنْتُمُونِي بِهِ فَإِنَّ صَلَاتِي عَلَيْهِ رَحْمَةٌ» ثُمَّ أَتَى الْقَبْرَ فَصَفَّنَا خَلْفَهُ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَكَبَّرَ أَرْبَعًا","vol":"5","page":311},{"text":"٧٦٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْبَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّعْبِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «رَأَى قَبْرًا مُنْتَبِذًا فَصَفَّ بِأَصْحَابِهِ خَلْفَهُ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ»، قِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ أَخْبَرَكَهُ؟ قَالَ: ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى ⦗٣١٢⦘ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ\n\n٧٦٦٦ - رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"5","page":311},{"text":"٧٦٦٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَلَّى عَلَى أُمِّ سَعْدٍ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا بِشَهْرٍ»، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ","vol":"5","page":312},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-454>الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ الْغَائِبِ بِالنِّيَّةِ</span>","vol":"5","page":313},{"text":"٧٦٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «نَعَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لِلنَّاسِ النَّجَاشِيَّ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ، وَخَرَجَ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى، فَصَفَّ بِهِمْ وَكَبَّرَ أَرْبَعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرِهِ ⦗٣١٤⦘\n\n٧٦٦٩ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَكُنْتُ فِي الصَّفِّ الثَّانِي أَوِ الثَّالِثِ\n\n٧٦٧٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ","vol":"5","page":313},{"text":"٧٦٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ⦗٣١٥⦘، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ النَّجَاشِيُّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ الْيَوْمَ عَبْدٌ صَالِحٌ، فَقُومُوا فَصَلُّوا عَلَى أَصْحَمَةَ»\n\n٧٦٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ\n\n٧٦٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ:\n\n٧٦٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى عَطَاءٌ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى عَلَى قَبْرٍ بِبَلَدٍ آخَرَ","vol":"5","page":314},{"text":"٧٦٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِّيتُمْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ صَلَّى عَلَى قَبْرٍ وَالْمَيِّتُ فِي الْقَبْرِ غَائِبٌ، وَإِنَّمَا الصَّلَاةُ دُعَاءٌ لِلْمَيِّتِ، وَهُوَ إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَنَا مُلَفَّفًا يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّمَا يَدْعُو لَهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ بِوَجْهٍ عَلِمْنَاهُ، فَكَيْفَ لَا نَدْعُو لَهُ غَائِبًا، وَفِي الْقَبْرِ بِذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ»","vol":"5","page":315},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-455>الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ</span>","vol":"5","page":316},{"text":"٧٦٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «مَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى سُهَيْلِ ابْنِ بَيْضَاءَ إِلَّا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ» ⦗٣١٧⦘\n\n٧٦٧٧ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلْشَافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نَكْرَهُ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ.\n\n٧٦٧٨ - فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَرُوِّيتُمْ هَذَا وَرُوِّيتُمْ أَنَّهُ، صَلَّى عَلَى عُمَرَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَكَيْفَ كَرِهْتُمُ الْأَمْرَ بِهِ؟.\n\n٧٦٧٩ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَهَذَا عِنْدَكُمْ عَمَلٌ مُجْتَمَعٌ عَلَيْهِ لَأَنَّا لَا نَرَى مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَحَدًا حَضَرَ مَوْتَ عُمَرَ فَتَخَلَّفَ عَنْ جِنَازَتِهِ فَتَرَكْتُمْ هَذَا لِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ","vol":"5","page":316},{"text":"٧٦٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، مُرْسَلٌ، وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا لِمَالِكٍ، وَالْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ مَوْصُولٌ مِنْ وَجْهِ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَتِ: ادْخُلُوا بِهِ الْمَسْجِدَ حَتَّى أُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأُنْكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَتْ:  «وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى ابْنَيْ بَيْضَاءَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، سُهَيْلٍ، وَأَخِيهِ» ⦗٣١٨⦘\n\n٧٦٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ","vol":"5","page":317},{"text":"٧٦٨٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ: فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ النَّبِيلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁:  «صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ»","vol":"5","page":318},{"text":"٧٦٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ظَلَمَ مَنْ عَارَضَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ بِالْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى التَّوْءَمَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَى جِنَازَةٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ»\n\n٧٦٨٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ ⦗٣١٩⦘ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: \" فَمَشْهُورٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّ صَالِحًا مَوْلَى التَّوْءَمَةِ تَغَيَّرَ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ \"\n\n٧٦٨٥ - وَسَأَلَ بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ: مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ عَنْ صَالِحٍ، مَوْلَى التَّوْءَمَةِ فَقَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ ثِقَةً\n\n٧٦٨٦ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ الْعِلَلِ، عَنْ أَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ، فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: كَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: مَنْ سَمِعَ مِنْ، صَالِحٍ قَدِيمًا فَسَمَاعُهُ حَسَنٌ، وَمَنْ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ، أَخِيرًا كَأَنَّهُ يُضَعِّفُ سَمَاعَهُ ⦗٣٢٠⦘.\n\n٧٦٨٧ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: وَابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ: سَمَاعُهُ مِنْهُ أَخِيرًا يُرْوَى عَنْهُ مَنَاكِيرُ.\n\n٧٦٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: «وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِمَّا يُعَدُّ فِي أَفْرَادِهِ»\n\n٧٦٨٩ - وَلَوْ كَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ نَسْخُ مَا رَوَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ لَذَكَرَهُ يَوْمَ صَلَّى عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقٍ ﵁ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، أَوْ يَوْمَ صَلَّى عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَلَذَكَرَهُ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ أَمْرَهَا بِإدْخَالِهِ الْمَسْجِدَ، أَوْ ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ حِينَ رَوَتْ فِيهِ الْخَبَرَ. «\n\n٧٦٩٠ - وَإِنَّمَا أَنْكَرَهُ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنُ لَهُ مَعْرِفَةٌ بِالْجَوَازِ، فَلَمَّا رَوَتْ فِيهِ الْخَبَرَ سَكَتُوا وَلَمْ يُنْكِرُوهُ وَلَا عَارَضُوهُ بِغَيْرِهِ»","vol":"5","page":318},{"text":"٧٦٩١ - وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قُلْنَا: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُثْمَانَ يَعْنِي عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ أَنَّ عَبَّادَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ أَخْبَرَهُ ⦗٣٢١⦘ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ وَبَعْضَ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَمَرْنَ بِجِنَازَةِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنْ يُمَرَّ بِهَا عَلَيْهِنَّ، فَمُرَّ بِهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَجَعَلَ يُوقَفُ عَلَى الْحُجَرِ فَيُصَلِّينَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ بَلَغَ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ بَعْضَ النَّاسِ عَابَ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: هَذِهِ بِدْعَةٌ، مَا كَانَتِ الْجِنَازَةُ تَدْخُلُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَالَتْ: «مَا أَسْرَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَى أَنْ يَعِيبُوا مَا لَا عِلْمَ لَهُمْ بِهِ، عَابُوا عَلَيْنَا أَنْ دَعَوْنَا بِجِنَازَةِ سَعْدٍ تَدْخُلُ الْمَسْجِدَ، وَمَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى سُهَيْلِ ابْنِ بَيْضَاءَ إِلَّا فِي جَوْفِ الْمَسْجِدِ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ\n\n٧٦٩٢ - وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ وَمَنْ بَقِيَ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كُلُّهُنَّ أُمِرْنَ بِذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّ مَنْ عَابَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عِلْمٌ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ النَّاسَ يَصْنَعُونَ ذَلِكَ، وَحِينَ رَوَتِ الْخَبَرَ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ عَلَيْهَا أَحَدٌ بِالنَّسْخِ، وَتَرْكِ الْمُبَاحِ مُدَّةً لَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّسْخِ مِنْ غَيْرِ رِوَايَةٍ مِمَّنْ تَرَكَهُ أَوْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَلَيْسَ فِي الْخَبَرِ أَنَّ بَعْضَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ، وَحِينَ تُوُفِّيَ سَعْدٌ، كَانَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ أَكْثَرُ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُ الصَّحَابَةِ كَانَ مَحْجُوجًا بِمَا رَوَتْهُ كَمَا صَارَ غَيْرُهُ مَحْجُوجًا بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"5","page":320},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-456>السُّنَّةُ فِي قِيَامِ الْإِمَامِ عِنْدَ رَأْسِ الرَّجُلِ، وَعِنْدَ عَجِيزَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا صَلَّى</span>","vol":"5","page":322},{"text":"٧٦٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَالِبٍ قَالَ: \" شَهِدْتُ أَنَسًا وَصَلَّى عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَقَامَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِ السَّرِيرِ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا، فَقَامَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ وَسَطِ السَّرِيرِ، وَكَانَ فِيمَنْ حَضَرَ جِنَازَتَهُ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى اخْتِلَافَ قِيَامِهِ قُلْنَا: يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ أَهَكَذَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُومُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ وَالْمَرْأَةِ كَمَا قُمْتَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا - يَعْنِي الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ - وَقَالَ: احْفَظُوا هَذَا \"","vol":"5","page":322},{"text":"٧٦٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ:  «صَلَّيْتُ وَرَاءَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مَاتَتْ فِي نِفَاسِهَا فَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا لِلصَّلَاةِ وَسَطَهَا»\n\n٧٦٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ","vol":"5","page":323},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-457>كَيْفَ يُدْخَلُ الْمَيِّتُ قَبْرَهُ</span>؟","vol":"5","page":324},{"text":"٧٦٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَيُسَلُّ الْمَيِّتُ سَلًّا مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسُهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ رَأْسُ سَرِيرِهِ عِنْدَ رِجْلِ الْقَبْرِ، ثُمَّ يُسَلُّ سَلًّا، وَيُسْتَرُ الْقَبْرُ بِثَوْبٍ حَتَّى يَسْتَوِيَ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ لَحْدُهُ»\n\n٧٦٩٧ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: يَدْخُلُ مُعْتَرِضًا مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ","vol":"5","page":324},{"text":"٧٦٩٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «أُدْخِلَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ مُعْتَرِضًا»\n\n٧٦٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَاتُ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا أَنَّ قَبْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى يَمِينِ الدَّاخِلِ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ لَاصِقٌ بِالْجِدَارِ، وَالْجِدَارُ الَّذِي اللَّحْدُ لِجَنْبِهِ قِبْلَةَ الْبَيْتِ، وَأَنَّ لَحْدَهُ تَحْتَ الْجِدَارِ فَكَيْفَ يَدْخُلُ مُعْتَرِضًا وَاللَّحْدُ لَاصِقٌ بِالْجِدَارِ لَا يَقِفُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ، وَلَا يُمَكِّنُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُسَلَّ سَلًّا، أَوْ يَدْخُلَ مِنْ خِلَافِ الْقِبْلَةِ؟ ⦗٣٢٥⦘\n\n٧٧٠٠ - وَأُمُورُ الْمَوْتَى وإدْخَالِهِمْ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ عِنْدَنَا: لِكَثْرَةِ الْمَوْتِ، وَحُضُورُ الْأَئِمَّةِ، وَأَهْلُ الثِّقَةِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْعَامَّةِ الَّتِي يُسْتَغْنَى فِيهَا عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَيَكُونُ الْحَدِيثُ فِيهَا كَالتَّكَلُّفِ، لِعُمُومِ مَعْرِفَةِ النَّاسِ بِهَا.\n\n٧٧٠١ - وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُهَاجِرُونَ، وَالْأَنْصَارُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا تَنْقُلُ إِلَيْنَا الْعَامَّةُ عَنِ الْعَامَّةِ لَا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمَيِّتَ يُسَلُّ سَلًّا","vol":"5","page":324},{"text":"٧٧٠٢ - ثُمَّ جَاءَنَا آتٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ بَلَدِنَا يُعَلِّمُنَا كَيْفَ نُدْخِلُ الْمَيِّتَ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَرْضَ حَتَّى رَوَى عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «أُدْخِلَ قَبْرَهُ مُعْتَرِضًا»","vol":"5","page":325},{"text":"٧٧٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «سُلَّ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ، وَالنَّاسُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"5","page":325},{"text":"٧٧٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «سُلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ» ⦗٣٢٦⦘\n\n٧٧٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَرَبِيعَةَ، وَأَبِي النَّضْرِ، لَا اخْتِلَافَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُلَّ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ ﵄","vol":"5","page":325},{"text":"٧٧٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ - أَنَّهُ \" صَلَّى عَلَى الْحَارِثِ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَهُ الْقَبْرَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رِجْلِ الْقَبْرِ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ \"\n\n٧٧٠٧ - وَحَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: سُلَّ الْمَيِّتُ مِنْ قِبَلِ رِجْلِ الْقَبْرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ","vol":"5","page":326},{"text":"٧٧٠٨ - وَرَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَذِيمَةَ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «جَلَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْرَ سَعِيدٍ بِثَوْبِهِ»","vol":"5","page":326},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-458>بَابُ مَا يُقَالُ إِذَا أُدْخِلَ الْمَيِّتُ قَبْرَهُ</span>","vol":"5","page":327},{"text":"٧٧٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَإِذَا وُضِعَ الْمَيِّتُ فِي الْقَبْرِ قَالَ مَنْ يَضَعُهُ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ»\n\n٧٧١٠ - وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَقُولَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَسْلَمَهُ إِلَيْكَ الْأَشِحَّاءُ كَانُوا عَلَى قُرْبِهِ، مِنْ وَلَدِهِ، وَأَهْلِهِ، وَقَرَابَتِهِ، وَإِخْوَانِهِ، وَفَارَقَ مَنْ كَانَ يُحِبُّ قُرْبَهُ، وَخَرَجَ مِنْ سَعَةِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْحَيَاةِ إِلَى ظُلْمَةِ الْقَبْرِ وَضِيقِهِ، وَنَزَلَ بِكَ وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْزُولٍ بِهِ، إِنْ عَاقَبْتَهُ عَاقَبْتَهُ بِذَنْبٍ، وَإِنْ عَفَوْتَ فَأَنْتَ أَهْلُ الْعَفْوِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ وَهُوَ فَقِيرٌ إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشْكُرْ حَسَنَتَهُ وَاغْفِرْ سَيِّئَتَهُ، وَشَفِّعْ جَمَاعَتَنَا فِيهِ، وَاغْفِرْ لَهُ ذَنْبَهُ، وَأَفْسِحْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ، وَأَعِذْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَأَدْخِلْ عَلَيْهِ الْأَمَانَ وَالرَّوْحَ فِي قَبْرِهِ»\n\n٧٧١١ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَسْلَمَهُ إِلَيْكَ الْأَهْلُ وَالْإِخْوَانُ، وَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ كُلُّ مَنْ صَحِبَهُ، وَصَحِبَهُ عَمَلُهُ، اللَّهُمَّ فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ واشْكُرْهُ، واحْطُطْ سَيِّئَتَهُ واغْفِرْهُ، وَاجْمَعْ لَهُ بِرَحْمَتِكَ الْأَمْنَ مِنْ عَذَابِكَ، واكْفِهِ كُلَّ هَوْلٍ دُونَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَاخْلُفْهُ فِي تَرِكَتِهِ فِي الْغَابِرِينَ، وَارْفَعْهُ فِي عِلِّيِّينَ، وَعُدْ عَلَيْهِ بِفَضْلِ رَحْمَتِكَ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ»","vol":"5","page":327},{"text":"٧٧١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الصِّدِّيقِ ⦗٣٢٨⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا وَضَعَ الْمَيِّتَ فِي الْقَبْرِ قَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَعَلَى سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ»\n\n٧٧١٣ - وَخَالَفَهُ شُعْبَةُ، وَهِشَامٌ: فَرَوَيَاهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، مَوْقُوفًا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَقَالَ، شُعْبَةُ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"5","page":327},{"text":"٧٧١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ:  «وَيُوضَعُ الْمَوْتَى فِي قُبُورِهِمْ عَلَى جُنُوبِهِمُ الْيُمْنَى وَتُرْفَعُ رُءُوسُهُمْ بِحَجَرٍ أَوْ لَبِنَةٍ، وَيُسْنَدُونَ لِئَلَّا يَنْكَبُّوا، وَلَا يَسْتَلْقُوا»\n\n٧٧١٥ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ اللَّبِنَ وسَّدِّ فُرَجِ اللَّبِنَ وإحْكَامِهِ.\n\n٧٧١٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي، كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْآثَارِ.\n\n٧٧١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُحْثِي مِنْ عَلَى شَفْرِ الْقَبْرِ بِيَدَيْهِ مِنَ التُّرَابِ ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ","vol":"5","page":328},{"text":"٧٧١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ⦗٣٢٩⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «حَثَى عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ بِيَدَيْهِ جَمِيعًا»\n\n٧٧١٩ - ورُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُنْذِرِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَثَى فِي قَبْرٍ ثَلَاثًا. وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفًا مَوْصُولًا.\n\n٧٧٢٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ\n\n٧٧٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُسْطَحُ الْقَبْرُ وَيُرَشُّ عَلَيْهِ وَيُوضَعُ عَلَيْهِ حَصْبَاءُ","vol":"5","page":328},{"text":"٧٧٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «رَشَّ عَلَى قَبْرِ ابْنِهِ وَوَضَعَ عَلَيْهِ حَصْبَاءَ»","vol":"5","page":329},{"text":"٧٧٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْحَصْبَاءُ لَا تَثْبُتُ إِلَّا عَلَى قَبْرٍ مُسْطَحٍ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «رَشَّ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ الْمَاءَ، وَوَضَعَ عَلَيْهِ حَصْبَاءَ مِنْ حَصْبَاءِ الْعَرَصَةِ، وَرَفَعَ قَبْرَهُ قَدْرَ شِبْرٍ»","vol":"5","page":329},{"text":"٧٧٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّ الرَّشَّ، عَلَى الْقَبْرِ كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"5","page":329},{"text":"٧٧٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِأَبِي الْهَيَّاجِ الْأَسَدِيِّ: أَبْعَثُكَ عَلَى مَا بَعَثَنِي عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ «لَا تَدَعَ قَبْرًا مُشْرِفًا إِلَّا سَوَّيْتَهُ، وَلَا تِمْثَالًا إِلَّا طَمَسْتَهُ؟»\n\n٧٧٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَكَانَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ يُسَنِّمُ الْقَبْرَ، وَمَقْبَرَةُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ تُسْطَحُ قُبُورُهَا وَتَشْخَصُ عَنْ وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ نَحْوًا مِنْ شِبْرٍ وَنَجْعَلُ عَلَيْهَا الْبَطْحَاءَ مَرَّةً، وَمَرَّةً بِطِينٍ، وَلَا أَحْسِبُ هَذَا مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الَّتِي يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُدْخِلَ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ عَلَيْنَا.\n\n٧٧٢٧ - وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ قَبْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ مُسَطَّحَةً.\n\n٧٧٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،\n\n٧٧٢٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ التَّمَّارَ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى قَبْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُسَنَّمًا.\n\n٧٧٣٠ - فَإِنْ كَانَ حَفِظَهُ عَنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ فَكَأَنَّهُ غَيَّرَ عَمَّا كَانَ رَوَاهُ لِلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَا اعْتِبَارَ بِمَا أَحْدَثَ. «\n\n٧٧٣١ - وَقَدِ اسْتَحَبَّ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ التَّسْنِيمَ وَفِي هَذَا الزَّمَانِ لِكَوْنِهِ جَائِزًا بِالْإجْمَاعِ، وَأَنَّ التَّسْطِيحَ صَارَ شِعَارًا لِأَهْلِ الْبِدَعِ لِئَلَّا يَكُونُ سَبَبًا لِإِطَالَةِ الْأَلْسِنَةِ فِيمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِقَبْرِهِ، وَهُوَ مُنَزَّهٌ عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ»\n\n٧٧٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُوضَعُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ صَخْرَةٌ أَوْ عَلَامَةٌ مَا كَانَتْ","vol":"5","page":330},{"text":"٧٧٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ لَمَّا دَفَنَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ ⦗٣٣١⦘ حَمَلَ حَجَرًا فَوَضَعَهُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ وَقَالَ: «لِيُعْلَمَ بِهِ قَبْرُ أَخِي وَأَدْفِنُ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ مَاتَ مِنْ أَهْلِي»\n\n٧٧٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْقَبْرِ، فَذَلِكَ أَكْمَلُ مَا يَكُونُ مِنِ اتِّبَاعِ الْجِنَازَةِ، فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ مَنْ شَاءَ","vol":"5","page":330},{"text":"٧٧٣٥ - وَإِنَّمَا أَشَارَ إِلَى مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَى جِنَازَةٍ فَلَهُ قِيرَاطٌ، وَمَنِ انْتَظَرَ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنْهَا، فَلَهُ قِيرَاطَانِ» قَالُوا: وَمَا الْقِيرَاطَانِ؟ قَالَ: «مِثْلُ الْجَبَلَيْنِ الْعَظِيمَيْنِ»\n\n٧٧٣٦ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ،\n\n٧٧٣٧ - وَقَالَ فِيهِ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، حَتَّى تُوضَعَ فِي اللَّحْدِ.\n\n٧٧٣٨ - وَقَالَ الْأَعْرَجُ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، حَتَّى تُدْفَنَ.\n\n٧٧٣٩ - وَقَالَ ثَوْبَانُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَمَنْ شَهِدَهَا حَتَّى يَدْفِنَهَا»","vol":"5","page":331},{"text":"٧٧٤٠ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى أَنْ تُبْنَى الْقُبُورُ، أَوْ تُجَصَّصَ»\n\n٧٧٤١ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِنَ الْوُلَّاةِ بِمَكَّةَ يَهْدِمُ مَا بُنِيَ مِنْهَا، فَلَمْ أَرَ الْفُقَهَاءَ يَعِيبُونَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٧٧٤٢ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ أَرَ قُبُورَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ مُجَصَّصَةً","vol":"5","page":332},{"text":"٧٧٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ الْحَافِظُ الزَّاهِدُ ﵁ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗٣٣٣⦘ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى أَنْ يَقْعُدَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ، أَوْ يُقَصَّصَ، أَوْ يُبْنَى عَلَيْهِ» وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ.\n\n٧٧٤٤ - وَرَوَاهُ حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَزَادَ، فِيهِ: أَوْ يَكْتُبَ عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٧٧٤٥ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، مُرْسَلًا وَزَادَ فِيهِ: وَأَنْ يَكْتُبَ عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٧٧٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَأُحِبُّ لَوْ قُرِئَ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ وَدُعِيَ لِلْمَيِّتِ»","vol":"5","page":332},{"text":"٧٧٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَحِيرٍ، عَنْ هَانِئٍ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، يَقُولُ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِجِنَازَةٍ عِنْدَ قَبْرٍ وَصَاحِبُهُ يُدْفَنُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «اسْتَغْفِرُوا لِأَخِيكُمْ وَسَلُوا لَهُ اللَّهَ التَّثْبِيتَ فَإِنَّهُ الْآنَ يُسْأَلُ» ⦗٣٣٤⦘\n\n٧٧٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ مَضَى أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُقْعَدَ عِنْدَ قَبْرِهِ إِذَا دُفِنَ قَدْرَ مَا يُجْزَرُ جَزُورٌ، وَهَذَا أَحْسَنُ، وَلَمْ أَرَ النَّاسَ عِنْدَنَا يَصْنَعُونَهُ","vol":"5","page":333},{"text":"٧٧٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِابْنِهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «فَإِذَا مُتُّ فَلَا تَصْحَبْنِي نَائِحَةٌ وَلَا نَارٌ، فَإِذَا دَفَنْتُمُونِي فَشُنُّوا عَلَيَّ التُّرَابَ شَنًّا، فَإِذَا فَرَغْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْرِي فَامْكُثُوا حَوْلَ قَبْرِي قَدْرَ مَا تُنْحَرُ جَزُورٌ وَيُقْسَمُ لَحْمُهَا، فَإِنِّي أَسْتَأْنِسُ بِكُمْ حَتَّى أَعْلَمَ مَا أُرَاجِعُ بِهِ رُسُلَ رَبِّي»\n\n٧٧٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قَبْرِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ \" قَامَ فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَدَعَا لَهُ","vol":"5","page":334},{"text":"٧٧٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: «مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أُدْفَنَ، بِالْبَقِيعِ، لِأَنْ أُدْفَنَ فِي غَيْرِهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَحَدُ رَجُلَيْنِ إِمَّا ظَالِمٌ فَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَكُونَ فِي جِوَارِهِ، وَإِمَّا صَالِحٌ فَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُنْبَشَ فِي عِظَامِهِ»","vol":"5","page":334},{"text":"٧٧٥٢ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «كَسْرُ عَظْمِ الْمَيِّتِ كَكَسْرِ عَظْمِ الْحَيِّ» ⦗٣٣٥⦘.\n\n٧٧٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «تَعْنِي فِي الْمَأْثَمِ. وَإِنْ أُخْرِجَتْ عِظَامُ مَيِّتٍ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ تُعَادَ فَتُدْفَنُ».\n\n٧٧٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"5","page":334},{"text":"٧٧٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «كَسْرُ عَظْمِ الْمَيِّتِ كَكَسْرِهِ حَيًّا»\n\n٧٧٥٦ - ورُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَخِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"5","page":335},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-459>بَابُ التَّعْزِيَةِ وَمَا يُهَيَّأُ لِأَهْلِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"5","page":336},{"text":"٧٧٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَأُحِبُّ تَعْزِيَةَ أَهْلِ الْمَيِّتِ رَجَاءَ الْأَجْرِ فِي تَعْزِيَتِهِمْ، وَأَنْ يَخُصَّ بِالتَّعْزِيَةِ كِبَارَهُمْ وَصِغَارَهُمُ الْعَاجِزِينَ عَنِ احْتِمَالِ الْمُصِيبَةِ»","vol":"5","page":336},{"text":"٧٧٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ عَزَّى أَخَاهُ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ كَسَاهُ اللَّهُ حُلَلَ الْكَرَامَةِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»","vol":"5","page":336},{"text":"٧٧٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ⦗٣٣٧⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجَاءَتِ التَّعْزِيَةُ سَمِعُوا قَائِلًا يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ فِي اللَّهِ عَزَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ مُصِيبَةٍ، وَخَلَفًا مِنْ كُلِّ هَالِكٍ، وَدَرَكًا مِنْ كُلِّ مَا فَاتَ، فَبِاللَّهِ فَثِقُوا، وَإِيَّاهُ فَارْجُوا، فَإِنَّ الْمُصَابَ مَنْ حُرِمَ الثَّوَابَ»\n\n٧٧٦٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، هَذَا بِطُولِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ.\n\n٧٧٦١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَدَرَكًا مِنْ كُلِّ فَائِتٍ.\n\n٧٧٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «وَقَدْ عَزَّى قَوْمٌ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ بِتَعْزِيَةٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ، فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَقُولَ قَائِلٌ هَذَا وَيَتَرَحَّمُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ وَيَدْعُو لَهُ وَلِمَنْ خَلَفَهُ».\n\n٧٧٦٣ - قَالَ: «وَأُحِبُّ مَسَحَ رَأْسِ الْيَتِيمِ وَدَهْنِهِ وَإكْرَامِهِ، وَأَنْ لَا يُنْهَرَ، وَلَا يُقْهَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَوْصَى بِهِ»","vol":"5","page":336},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-460>مَا يُهَيَّأُ لِأَهْلِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"5","page":338},{"text":"٧٧٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا جَاءَ - يَعْنِي جَعْفَرًا - قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اجْعَلُوا لِآلِ جَعْفَرٍ طَعَامًا، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَهُمْ أَمْرٌ يَشْغَلُهُمْ، أَوْ مَا يَشْغَلُهُمْ»\n\n٧٧٦٥ - شَكَّ سُفْيَانُ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: \" جَعْفَرٌ هَذَا: هُوَ ابْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَارَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، فَوَقَعَ فِي الْكِتَابِ: جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ \". وَالشَّافِعِيُّ رَوَاهُ عَلَى الصِّحَّةِ فِي غَيْرِ رِوَايَةِ الْأَصَمِّ","vol":"5","page":338},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-461>الِابْتِدَاءُ بِقَضَاءِ دُيُونِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"5","page":339},{"text":"٧٧٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «نَفْسُ الْمُؤْمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ»","vol":"5","page":339},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-462>بَابُ الْبُكَاءِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"5","page":340},{"text":"٧٧٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «وَأَكْرَهُ النِّيَاحَةَ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَأَنْ تَنْدُبَهُ النَّائِحَةُ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ، وَلَكِنْ وَيُعَزَّى بِمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ وَالِاسْتِرْجَاعِ»\n\n٧٧٦٨ - وَأَكْرَهُ الْمَأْتَمَ، وَهِيَ الْجَمَاعَةُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُنَّ بُكَاءٌ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجَدِّدُ الْحُزْنَ، وَيُكَلِّفُ الْمُؤْنَةَ مَعَ مَا مَضَى فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَثَرِ","vol":"5","page":340},{"text":"٧٧٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ قُلْتُ: غَرِيبٌ وَفِي أَرْضِ غُرْبَةٍ لَأَبْكِيَنَّهُ بُكَاءً يُتَحَدَّثُ عَنْهُ، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا كَذَلِكَ قَدْ تَهَيَّأَتُ لِلْبُكَاءِ عَلَيْهِ إِذْ أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُسْعِدَنِي مِنَ الصَّعِيدِ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ ⦗٣٤١⦘:  «أَتُرِيدِينَ أَنْ تُدْخِلِي الشَّيْطَانَ بَيْتًا قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ؟» قَالَتْ: فَكَفَفْتُ عَنِ الْبُكَاءِ فَلَمْ أَبْكِهِ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"5","page":340},{"text":"٧٧٧٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْتِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَطَمَ الْخُدُودَ، وَشَقَّ الْجُيُوبَ، وَدَعَا بِدَعْوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ. وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ","vol":"5","page":341},{"text":"٧٧٧١ - وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «أَنِّي بَرِئٌ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِقَةٍ، أَوْ سَالِقَةٍ، أَوْ خَارِقَةٍ»","vol":"5","page":342},{"text":"٧٧٧٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: «لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ النَّائِحَةَ وَالْمُسْتَمِعَةَ» ⦗٣٤٣⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَأَرْخَصَ فِي الْبُكَاءِ بِلَا أَنْ تَنْدُبْنَ، وَلَا أَنْ يَقُلْنَ إِلَّا خَيْرًا، وَلَا يَدْعُونَ بِحَرَبٍ قَبْلَ الْمَوْتِ، فَإِذَا مَاتَ أَمْسَكْنَ»","vol":"5","page":342},{"text":"٧٧٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ، عَنْ عَتِيكِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَهُوَ جَدُّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ أَبُو أُمِّهِ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَتِيكٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَاءَ يَعُودُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ غُلِبَ عَلَيْهِ فَصَاحَ بِهِ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ، فَاسْتَرْجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: «غُلِبْنَا عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا الرَّبِيعِ» فَصَاحَ النِّسْوَةُ، وَبَكَيْنَ، فَجَعَلَ جَابِرُ يُسَكِّتُهُنَّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «دَعْهُنَّ فَإِذَا وَجَبَ، فَلَا تَبْكِيَنَّ بَاكِيَةٌ» قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا الْوجُوبُ؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا مَاتَ»\n\n٧٧٧٤ - كَانَ قَدْ وَقَعَ فِي الْكِتَابِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ، وَإِنَّمَا، هُوَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَتِيكٍ","vol":"5","page":343},{"text":"٧٧٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فِي شَكْوَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ وَبُكَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمَّا وَجَدَهُ فِي غَشِيَّةٍ وَبُكَائِهِمْ بِبُكَائِهِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ:  «أَلَا تَسْمَعُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُعَذِّبُ بِدَمْعِ الْعَيْنِ وَلَا بِحُزْنِ الْقَلْبِ، وَلَكِنْ يُعَذِّبُ بِهَذَا - وَأَشَارَ إِلَى لِسَانِهِ - أَوْ يَرْحَمُ»","vol":"5","page":343},{"text":"٧٧٧٦ - وَهُوَ نَظِيرُ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي قِصَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَكِيدُ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «تَدْمَعُ الْعَيْنُ وَيَحْزَنُ الْقَلْبُ، وَلَا نَقُولُ إِلَّا مَا يُرْضِي رَبَّنَا، وَاللَّهِ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِنَّا بِكَ لَمَحْزُونُونَ»","vol":"5","page":344},{"text":"٧٧٧٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَعَى جَعْفَرًا، وَزَيْدًا، وَابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ، نَعَاهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجِيءَ خَبَرُهُمْ وَعَيْنَاهُ تَذْرِفَانِ»","vol":"5","page":344},{"text":"٧٧٧٨ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ:  «زَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْرَ أُمِّهِ فَبَكَى وَأَبْكَى مَنْ حَوْلَهُ»","vol":"5","page":344},{"text":"٧٧٧٩ - وَفِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، سَمِعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، بَاكِيَةً فَنَهَاهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «دَعْهَا يَا أَبَا حَفْصٍ فَإِنَّ الْعَهْدَ قَرِيبٌ، وَالْعَيْنُ بَاكِيَةٌ، وَالنَّفْسُ مُصَابَةٌ»","vol":"5","page":345},{"text":"٧٧٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ سَلَمَةَ بْنَ الْأَزْرَقِ قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ عَلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: مُرَّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِجِنَازَةٍ، وَنِسَاءٌ يَبْكِينَ عَلَيْهَا فَزَجَرَهُنَّ عُمَرُ وَانْتَهَرَهُنَّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «دَعْهُنَّ يَا عُمَرُ، فَإِنَّ الْعَيْنَ دَامِعَةٌ، وَالنَّفْسُ مُصَابَةٌ، وَالْعَهْدُ حَدِيثٌ»\n\n٧٧٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٧٧٨٢ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ مَعَ غَيْرِهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ الْبُكَاءِ قَبْلَ الْمَوْتِ وَبَعْدَهُ بِلَا نَدْبٍ، وَلَا نِيَاحَةٍ وَلَا مَأْتَمٍ.\n\n٧٧٨٣ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَتِيكٍ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى كَرَاهِيَةِ اجْتِمَاعِهِنَّ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ لِلْبُكَاءِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"5","page":345},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-463>مَا قِيلَ فِي: الْمَيِّتِ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"5","page":346},{"text":"٧٧٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ عَائِشَةَ، وَذُكِرَ لَهَا أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ: \" إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ الْحَيِّ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكْذِبْ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَخْطَأَ، أَوْ نَسِيَ \"، إِنَّمَا مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى يَهُودِيَّةٍ يَبْكِي عَلَيْهَا أَهْلُهَا، فَقَالَ:  «إِنَّهُمْ لَيَبْكُونَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنَّهَا لَتُعَذَّبُ فِي قَبْرِهَا» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"5","page":346},{"text":"٧٧٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا ⦗٣٤٧⦘.\n\n٧٧٨٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَتِ ابْنَةٌ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ: فَجِئْنَا لِنَشْهَدَهَا قَالَ: فَحَضَرَهَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: وَإِنِّي لَجَالِسٌ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى أَحَدِهِمَا ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْآخَرُ فَجَلَسَ إِلَى جَنْبِي، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، لِعَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ مُوَاجِهُهُ: أَلَا تَنْهَى عَنِ الْبُكَاءِ؟ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ» فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: قَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ بَعْضَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ فَقَالَ: صَدَرْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِالْبَيْدَاءِ إِذَا هُوَ بِرَكْبٍ تَحْتَ ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ فَانْظُرْ مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرِّكْبِ؟ فَنَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا هُوَ صُهَيْبٌ قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ: ادْعُهُ لِي قَالَ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى صُهَيْبٍ، فَقُلْتُ: ارْتَحِلْ فَالْحَقْ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَلَمَّا أَنْ أُصِيبَ عُمَرُ، دَخَلَ صُهَيْبٌ يَبْكِي يَقُولُ: وَاأَخَاهْ وَاصَاحِبَاهْ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا صُهَيْبُ أَتَبْكِي عَلَيَّ؟ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ بِبَعْضِ بُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ» فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَلَمَّا مَاتَ عُمَرُ ذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَائِشَةَ فَقَالَتْ: يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ عُمَرَ لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا حَدَّثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُعَذِّبُ الْمُؤْمِنَ بِبُكَاءِ أَحَدٍ» وَلَكِنْ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَزِيدُ الْكَافِرَ عَذَابًا بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ» قَالَ: وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: حَسْبُكُمُ الْقُرْآنُ: ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [سورة: الأنعام، آية رقم: ١٦٤]. قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: وَاللَّهُ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَى. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ \" أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ⦗٣٤٨⦘\n\n٧٧٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَمَا رَوَتْ عَائِشَةُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَحْفُوظًا عَنْهُ ﷺ بِدَلَالَةِ الْكِتَابِ، ثُمَّ السُّنَّةِ\n\n٧٧٨٨ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: وَأَيْنَ دَلَالَةُ الْكِتَابِ؟ قِيلَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [سورة: الأنعام، آية رقم: ١٦٤]. وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَأَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَى﴾ [سورة: النجم، آية رقم: ٣٩] وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ﴾ [سورة: الزلزلة، آية رقم: ٨] وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿لِتُجْزَى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا تَسْعَى﴾ [سورة: طه، آية رقم: ١٥].\n\n٧٧٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَعَمْرَةُ أَحْفَظُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مِنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، وَحَدِيثُهَا أَشْبَهُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَحْفُوظًا.\n\n٧٧٩٠ - فَإِنْ كَانَ الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّهُمْ لَيَبْكُونَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنَّهَا لَتُعَذَّبُ فِي قَبْرِهَا» فَهُوَ وَاضِحٌ لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى تَفْسِيرٍ، لِأَنَّهَا تُعَذَّبُ بِالْكُفْرِ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ يَبْكُونَ وَلَا يَدْرُونَ مَا هِيَ فِيهِ.\n\n٧٧٩١ - وَإِنْ كَانَ الْحَدِيثُ كَمَا رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، فَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ، لِأَنَّ عَلَى الْكَافِرِ عَذَابًا أَعْلَى مِنْهُ، فَإِنْ عُذِّبَ بِدُونِهِ فَزِيدَ فِي عَذَابِهِ فِيمَا اسْتَوْجَبَ، وَمَا نِيلَ مِنْ كَافِرٍ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَدْنَى مِنْ أَعْلَى مِنْهُ، وَمَا زِيدَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ فَبِاسْتِجَابَةٍ لَا بِذَنْبِ غَيْرِهِ فِي بُكَائِهِ عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٧٧٩٢ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: يَزِيدُهُ عَذَابًا بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَقِيلَ: يَزِيدُهُ بِمَا اسْتَوْجَبَ بِعَمَلِهِ، وَيَكُونُ بُكَاؤُهُمْ سَبَبًا، لَا أَنَّهُ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَائِهِمْ.","vol":"5","page":346},{"text":"٧٧٩٣ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: أَيْنَ دَلَالَةُ السُّنَّةِ؟ قِيلَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٤٩⦘: «هَذَا ابْنُكَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ:  «أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَا يَجْنِي عَلَيْكَ وَلَا يُجْنَى عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٧٧٩٤ - فَأَعْلَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَا أَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَنَّ جِنَايَةَ كُلِّ امْرِئٍ عَلَيْهِ، كَمَا عَمَلُهُ لَهُ لَا لِغَيْرِهِ وَلَا عَلَيْهِ.\n\n٧٧٩٥ - وَحَكَى بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُوصُونَ بِالْبُكَاءِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْ بِالنِّيَاحَةِ أَوْ بِهِمَا، وَذَلِكَ مَعْصِيَةٌ، وَمَنْ أَمَرَ بِهَا فَعُمِلَتْ بِأَمْرِهِ كَانَتْ لَهُ ذَنْبًا كَمَا لَوْ أَمَرَ بِطَاعَةٍ فَعُمِلَتْ بَعْدَهُ كَانَتْ لَهُ طَاعَةً، فَكَمَا يُؤْجَرُ بِمَا هُوَ سَبَبٌ لَهُ مِنَ الطَّاعَةِ، فَكَذَلِكَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعَذَّبَ بِمَا هُوَ سَبَبٌ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"5","page":348},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-464>زِيَارَةُ الْقُبُورِ</span>","vol":"5","page":350},{"text":"٧٧٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَلَا بَأْسَ بِزِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ، وَلَكِنْ لَا يُقَالُ عِنْدَهَا هُجْرٌ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ، وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ الدُّعَاءِ بِالْوَيْلِ وَالثُّبُورِ وَالنِّيَاحَةِ» ⦗٣٥١⦘\n\n٧٧٩٧ - فَأَمَّا إِذَا زُرْتَ فَتَسْتَغْفِرَ لِلْمَيِّتِ، وَيَرِقَّ قَلْبُكَ وَتَذْكُرَ أَمْرَ الْآخِرَةِ، فَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا أَكْرَهُهُ","vol":"5","page":350},{"text":"٧٧٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ زِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ فَزُورُوهَا، وَلَا تَقُولُوا هُجْرًا»\n\n٧٧٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ بَيْنَ رَبِيعَةَ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ. وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ مُتَّصِلًا","vol":"5","page":351},{"text":"٧٨٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أُسَامَةَ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ وَاسِعَ بْنَ حِبَّانَ حَدَّثَهُ: أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ زِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ فَزُورُوهَا، فَإِنَّ فِيهَا عِبْرَةً»","vol":"5","page":351},{"text":"٧٨٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: زَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْرَ أُمِّهِ فَبَكَى وَأَبْكَى مَنْ حَوْلَهُ وَقَالَ: «اسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَبِّي فِي أَنْ أَسْتَغْفِرَ لَهَا فَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لِي، وَاسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ فِي أَنْ أَزُورَ قَبْرَهَا، فَأَذِنَ لِي، فَزُورُوا الْقُبُورَ، فَإِنَّهَا تُذَكِّرُكُمُ الْمَوْتَ»\n\n٧٨٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٣٥٢⦘ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ","vol":"5","page":351},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-465>الْجُلُوسُ عَلَى الْقُبُورِ</span>","vol":"5","page":353},{"text":"٧٨٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَأَكْرَهُ وَطْءَ الْقُبُورِ وَالْجُلُوسَ وَالِاتِّكَاءَ عَلَيْهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَجِدَ الرَّجُلُ السَّبِيلَ إِلَى قَبْرِ مَيِّتِهِ إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَطَأَهُ، فَذَلِكَ مَوْضِعُ ضَرُورَةٍ، فَأَرْجُو حِينَئِذٍ أَنْ يَسَعَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: لَا بَأْسَ بِالْجُلُوسِ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ، وَإِنَّمَا نُهِيَ عَنِ الْجُلُوسِ عَلَيْهِ لِلتَّغَوُّطِ \"\n\n٧٨٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ هَذَا عِنْدَنَا كَمَا قَالَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ نُهِيَ عَنْهُ لِلْمَذْهَبِ فَهُوَ مَنْهِيُّ عَنْهُ وَقَدْ نُهِيَ عَنْهُ مُطْلَقًا لِغَيْرِ الْمَذْهَبِ","vol":"5","page":353},{"text":"٧٨٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأَى رَجُلًا مُوفِيًا - يَعْنِي مُتَّكِئًا - عَلَى قَبْرٍ فَقَالَ:  «انْزِلْ عَنِ الْقَبْرِ»","vol":"5","page":354},{"text":"٧٨٠٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ: تَبِعْتُ جِنَازَةً مَعَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَلَمَّا كُنَّا دُونَ الْقَبْرِ جَلَسَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ:  «لِأَنْ أَجْلِسَ عَلَى جَمْرَةٍ فَتَحْرِقَ رِدَائِي ثُمَّ قَمِيصِي ثُمَّ إِزَارِي ثُمَّ تُفْضِي إِلَى جِلْدِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَجْلِسَ عَلَى قَبْرِ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ»\n\n٧٨٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ هَذَا مَرْفُوعًا.","vol":"5","page":354},{"text":"٧٨٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ، بِبَغْدَادَ وَقَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُهَيْلُ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لِأَنْ يَجْلِسَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى جَمْرَةٍ فَتَحْرِقَ ثِيَابَهُ حَتَّى تَصِلَ إِلَى جِلْدِهِ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ عَلَى قَبْرٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ","vol":"5","page":354},{"text":"٧٨٠٩ - وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ  «نَهَى أَنْ يَقْعُدَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ»","vol":"5","page":355},{"text":"٧٨١٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَرْثَدٍ الْغَنَوِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تَجْلِسُوا عَلَى الْقُبُورِ وَلَا تُصَلُّوا إِلَيْهَا»","vol":"5","page":355},{"text":"٧٨١١ - فَأَمَّا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ جَلَسَ عَلَى قَبْرٍ يَتَبَوَّلُ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ يَتَغَوَّطُ فَكَأَنَّمَا جَلَسَ عَلَى جَمْرَةٍ مِنْ نَارٍ» فَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَأْوِيلًا عَنْ جِهَةٍ مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ إِنْ صَحَّ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٧٨١٢ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ.\n\n٧٨١٣ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي، مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، تَأْوِيلٌ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ النَّهْيِ أَنَّهُ عَامٌّ.\n\n٧٨١٤ - وَحَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ فِي تَوَسُّدِهِ الْقَبْرَ واضْطِجَاعِهِ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَمَوْقُوفٌ.\n\n٧٨١٥ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِنْ جُلُوسِهِ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ، لَا يَرُدُّ حَدِيثَ النَّهْيِ وَلَا يُخَصِّصُهُ لِجَوَازِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُهُ، وَلَوْ بَلَغَهُ لَانْتَهَى عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"5","page":355},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-466>بِنَاءُ الْمَسَاجِدِ عَلَى الْقُبُورِ</span>","vol":"5","page":356},{"text":"٧٨١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُبْنَى عَلَى الْقَبْرِ مَسْجِدٌ أَوْ يُسَوَّى، ثُمَّ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ أَوْ يُصَلَّى إِلَيْهِ»","vol":"5","page":356},{"text":"٧٨١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ، لَا يَبْقَيَنَّ دِينَانِ بِأَرْضِ الْعَرَبِ»\n\n٧٨١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ آخِرِ مَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ قَالَ فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"5","page":356},{"text":"٧٨١٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ»\n\n٧٨٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ ⦗٣٥٧⦘ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَرْثَمَةَ الزَّاهِدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ،.\n\n٧٨٢١ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «يُحَذِّرُ مِثْلَ مَا صَنَعُوا»","vol":"5","page":356},{"text":"٧٨٢٢ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٣٥٨⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَجْعَلْ قَبْرِي وَثَنًا، لَعَنَ اللَّهُ قَوْمًا اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ»\n\n٧٨٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ سَرَاةِ الْمَوَالِي بِالْكُوفَةِ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"5","page":357},{"text":"٧٨٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِنَّمَا نَسَمَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ طَائِرٌ يُعَلَّقُ فِي شَجَرِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يُرْجِعَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ إِلَى جَسَدِهِ يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُ»\n\n٧٨٢٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"5","page":358},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-467>١٠ - كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":7},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-468>بَابُ الزَّكَاةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":7},{"text":"٧٨٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دِينُ الْقَيِّمَةِ﴾ [البينة: ٥]\n⦗٩⦘\n\n٧٨٢٧ - قَالَ: «فَأَبَانَ اللَّهُ ﵎ أَنَّهُ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَعْبُدُوهَ مُخْلِصِينَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ، وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ»\n\n٧٨٢٨ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ «الرِّسَالَةِ» الْمَسْمُوعُ مِنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ:\n\n٧٨٢٩ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةِ﴾ [البقرة: ٤٣]، وَقَالُ: ﴿فَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَاءُونَ وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ﴾\n\n٧٨٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: هِيَ الزَّكَاةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ\n\n٧٨٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَفِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: \" الْمَاعُونُ: الزَّكَاةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ \"،\n\n٧٨٣٢ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ\n\n٧٨٣٣ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِي فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ: وَقَالَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ﴾ [التوبة: ٣٤]، وَمَا بَعْدَهَا،\n\n٧٨٣٤ - وَقَالَ: ﴿لَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّ لَهُمْ سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُوا بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٨٠]\n\n٧٨٣٥ - فَأَبَانَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ فَرْضَ الزَّكَاةِ، لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا عَاقَبَ عَلَى مَنْعِ مَا أَوْجَبَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"6","page":8},{"text":"٧٨٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَامِعُ بْنُ أَبِي رَاشِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ، سَمِعَا أَبَا وَائِلٍ، يُخْبِرُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ:  «مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ لَا يُؤَدِّي زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ إِلَّا مُثِّلَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ، يَفِرُّ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ يَتْبَعُهُ حَتَّى يُطَوِّقَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ»، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ﴿سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُوا بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٨٠]","vol":"6","page":10},{"text":"٧٨٣٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحِ السَّمَّانِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ، يَقُولُ: \" مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ لَمْ يؤَدِّ زَكَاتَهُ مُثِّلَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعٌ أَقْرَعُ، لَهُ زَبِيبَتَانِ، يَطْلُبُهُ حَتَّى يُمْكِنَهُ، يَقُولُ: أَنَا كَنْزُكَ \"،\n\n٧٨٣٨ - هَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَعَ قِرَاءَةِ الْآيَةِ الَّتِي فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"6","page":10},{"text":"٧٨٣٩ - وَأَخبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «كُلُّ مَالٍ تُؤَدَّى زَكَاتُهُ فَلَيْسَ بِكَنْزٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مَدْفُونًا، وَكُلُّ مَالٍ لَا يُؤَدَّى زَكَاتُهُ، فَهُوَ كَنْزٌ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَدْفُونًا»","vol":"6","page":11},{"text":"٧٨٤٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ يُسْأَلُ عَنِ الْكَنْزِ، فَقَالَ: «هُوَ الْمَالُ الَّذِي لَا تُؤَدَّى مِنْهُ الزَّكَاةُ»،\n\n٧٨٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي \" كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: \" وَمَنْ أَدَّى فَرْضَ اللَّهِ، فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ\n\n٧٨٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ حُجَيْرَةَ ⦗١٢⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَدَّيْتَ الزَّكَاةَ فَقَدْ قَضَيْتَ مَا عَلَيْكَ»،\n\n٧٨٤٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مَوْقُوفًا وَمَرْفُوعًا فِي مَعْنَاهُ\n\n٧٨٤٤ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا: «مِنْ أَدَّى زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ فَقَدْ أَدَّى الْحَقَّ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ زَادَ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ»\n\n٧٨٤٥ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ قَيْسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا: «أَنَّ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ حَقًّا سِوَى الزَّكَاةِ»، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ إِسْنَادُهُ،\n\n٧٨٤٦ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الْأَعْوَرُ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُ أَضْعَفُ مِنْهُ","vol":"6","page":11},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-469>بَابُ فَرْضِ الْإِبِلِ السَّائِمَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":13},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-470>الْعَدَدُ الَّذِي إِذَا بَلَغَتْهُ الْإِبِلُ كَانَتْ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ</span>","vol":"6","page":13},{"text":"٧٨٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"6","page":13},{"text":"٧٨٤٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ ⦗١٤⦘: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"6","page":13},{"text":"٧٨٤٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ صَدَقَةٌ»،\n\n٧٨٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"6","page":14},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-471>كَيْفَ فَرَضَ الصَّدَقَةَ</span>؟","vol":"6","page":15},{"text":"٧٨٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ أَنَسٍ، أَوِ ابْنِ فُلَانِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ، ثُمَّ تُرِكَتِ الْغَنَمُ، وَغَيْرُهَا، وَكَرِهَهَا النَّاسُ. \" بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا، فَمَنْ سُئِلَهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهَا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلْيُعْطِهَا، وَمَنْ سُئِلَ فَوْقَهَا فَلَا يُعْطِهِ: فِي أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَمَا دُونَهَا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ شَاةٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ فَفِيهَا بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ أُنْثَى، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتًّا وَثَلَاثِينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ فَفِيهَا بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ أُنْثَى، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتًّا وَأَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى سِتِّينَ فَفِيهَا حِقَّةٌ طَرُوقَةُ الْجَمَلِ ⦗١٧⦘، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ وَاحِدًا وَسِتِّينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فَفِيهَا جَذَعَةٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتًّا وَسَبْعِينَ إِلَى تِسْعِينَ فَفِيهَا ابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ طَرُوقَتَا الْجَمَلِ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ، وَإِنَّ بَيْنَ أَسْنَانِ الْإِبِلِ فِي فَرِيضَةِ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنْ بَلَغَتْ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةَ الْجَذَعَةِ، وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ جَذَعَةٌ، وَعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الْحِقَّةُ، وَيَجَعَلُ مَعَهَا شَاتَيْنِ إِنِ اسْتَيْسَرَتَا عَلَيْهِ، أَوْ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْحِقَّةُ، وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ، وَعِنْدَهُ جَذَعَةٌ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الْجَذَعَةُ، وَيُعْطِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ \" ⦗١٨⦘،\n\n٧٨٥٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَهُوَ الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، نُسِبَ إِلَى جَدِّهِ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ أَكَّدَ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ بِرِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَجَعَلَ اعْتِمَادَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى مَا بَعْدَهَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَهِيَ فِيمَا:","vol":"6","page":16},{"text":"٧٨٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَدَدٌ ثِقَاتٌ كُلُّهُمْ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَعْنَى هَذَا لَا يُخَالِفُهُ، إِلَّا أَنِّي لَا أَحْفَظُ فِيهِ: «أَلَّا يُعْطَى شَاتَيْنِ، أَوْ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا»، وَلَا أَحْفَظُ: «إِنِ اسْتَيْسَرَ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٧٨٥٤ - قَالَ: وَأَحْسَبُ فِي حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: دَفَعَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ كِتَابَ «الصَّدَقَةِ»، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى كَمَا وَصَفْتُ\n\n٧٨٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ مَوْصُولٌ، وَقَدْ قَصَّرَ بِهِ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ، فَرَوَاهُ كَمَا:،\n\n٧٨٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: أَخَذْتُ مِنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ كِتَابًا زَعَمَ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، كَتَبَهُ لِأَنَسٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ خَاتَمُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ مُصَدِّقًا، وَكَتَبَهُ لَهُ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ يَعْنِي الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ ⦗١٩⦘،\n\n٧٨٥٧ - فَتَعَلَّقَ بِهِ بَعْضُ مِنَ ادَّعَى الْمَعْرِفَةَ بِالْآثَارِ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُثْبِتُونَ الْمُنْقَطِعَ، وَإِنَّمَا وَصَلَهُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَجْعَلُونَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى حَجَّةً وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ أَنَّ يُونُسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ الْمُؤَدِّبَ قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: أَخَذْتُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَتَبَ لَهُ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ «السُّنَنِ»\n\n٧٨٥٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُرَيْجُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ قَالَ: \" إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضَ الَّتِي افْتَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٧٨٥٩ - وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ فِي كِتَابِهِ مُحْتَجًّا بِهِ\n\n٧٨٦٠ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ، وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُمَيْلٍ، وَهُوَ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْعَدَالَةِ وَالْإِتْقَانِ وَالتَّقَدُمِ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: أَخَذْنَا هَذَا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، يُحَدِّثُهُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٧٨٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا النًَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: أَخَذْنَا هَذَا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ يُحَدِّثُهُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٠⦘\n\n٧٨٦٢ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ: إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَكُلُّهُمْ ثِقَاتٌ\n\n٧٨٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَا نَعْلَمُ مِنْ حَمَلَةِ الْحَدِيثِ وَحُفَّاظِهِمْ، مِنَ اسْتَقْصَى فِي انْتِقَادِ الرُّوَاةِ مَا اسْتَقْصَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ﵀ مَعَ إِمَامَتِهِ، وَتَقَدُّمِهِ فِي مَعْرِفَةِ الرِّجَالِ وَعِلَلِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ اعْتَمَدَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ عَلَى حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ فِي «الصَّحِيحِ»، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَذَلِكَ لِكَثْرَةِ الشَّوَاهِدِ لِحَدِيثِهِ هَذَا بِالصِّحَّةِ","vol":"6","page":18},{"text":"٧٨٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، بِهَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسِ بنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، حَدَّثَهُ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ كَتَبَ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ لَمَّا وَجَّهَهُ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ: \" بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، هَذِهِ فَرَائِضُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا رَسُولَهُ ﷺ، فَمَنْ سُئِلَهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَلْيُعْطِهَا، وَمَنْ سُئِلَ فَوْقَهَا فَلَا يُعْطِهِ، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ أَنَسٍ\n\n٧٨٦٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ الْحِقَّةَ، وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، وَيُعْطِي مَعَهَا شَاتَيْنِ، أَوْ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ، وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ، وَعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ ⦗٢١⦘ الْحِقَّةُ، وَيُعْطِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ، وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ، وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ، وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، وَيُعْطِي مَعَهَا عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ شَاتَيْنٍ»، وَفِيهَا ذِكْرُ صَدَقَةِ الْغَنَمِ، وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَهُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، وَذَكَرَ: إِنِ اسْتَيْسَرَتَا لَهُ فِي الْأُولَى فِي الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَفِي جَمِيعِهَا فِي رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ","vol":"6","page":20},{"text":"٧٨٦٦ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ شَوْذَبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ، وَخَتَمَهُ بِخَاتَمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَكَانَ نَقْشُ الْخَاتَمِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْطُرٍ: «سَطْرُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَسَطْرُ رَسُولٍ، وَاللَّهُ سَطْرٌ»،\n\n٧٨٦٧ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَزَادَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً أُخْرَى، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فِي الْخَاتَمِ","vol":"6","page":21},{"text":"٧٨٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ: «عِنْدَ أَبِي كِتَابٌ مِنَ الْعُقُولِ، نَزَلَ ⦗٢٢⦘ بِهِ الْوَحْيُ، وَمَا فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْعُقُولِ أَوِ الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَ بِهِ الْوَحْيُ»\n\n٧٨٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا رَوَى ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ، وَبَيَّنَ فِي قَوْلِ أَنَسٍ\n\n٧٨٧٠ - قَالَ: وَحَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ، وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ","vol":"6","page":21},{"text":"٧٨٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ هَذَا كِتَابُ الصَّدَقَاتِ، فَفِيهِ: \" فِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَدُونَهَا الْغَنَمُ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ شَاةٌ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى السِّتِّينَ حِقَّةٌ طَرُوقَةُ الْفَحْلِ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ جَذَعَةٌ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى تِسْعِينَ ابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ حِقَّتَانِ طَرُوقَتَا ⦗٢٣⦘ الْفَحْلِ، فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ، وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا كَانَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ شَاةٌ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مِائَتَيْنِ شَاتَانِ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ مِائَةٍ ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ، فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَفِي كُلِّ مِائَةٍ شَاةٌ، وَلَا يَخْرُجُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ، وَلَا ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ، وَلَا تَيْسٌ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ الْمُصَدِّقُ، وَلَا يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ، وَلَا يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ خَلِيطَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ، وَفِي الرِّقَةُ رُبْعُ الْعُشْرِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ رِقَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ خَمْسَةَ أَوَاقٍ\n\n٧٨٧٢ - هَذِهِ نُسْخَةُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ الَّتِي كَانَ يَأْخُذُ عَلَيْهَا،\n\n٧٨٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ،\n\n٧٨٧٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لَا أَدْرِي أَدَخَلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ بَيْنَهُ، وَبَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ أَمْ لَا فِي صَدَقَةِ الْإِبِلِ؟ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى لَا يُخَالِفُهُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ، بَلْ لَا أَشُكُّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَّا أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَ بِجَمِيعِ الْحَدِيثِ فِي صَدَقَةِ الْغَنَمِ وَالْخُلَطَاءِ وَالرَّقَةِ هَكَذَا إِلَّا أَنِّي لَا أَحْفَظُ إِلَّا الْإِبِلَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ\n\n٧٨٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ «السُّنَنِ»","vol":"6","page":22},{"text":"٧٨٧٦ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كِتَابَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَلَمْ يُخْرِجْهُ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ، فَقَرَنَهُ بِسَيْفِهِ، فَعَمِلَ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى قُبِضَ، ثُمَّ عَمِلَ بِهِ عُمَرُ حَتَّى قُبِضَ، فَكَانَ فِيهِ: «فِي خَمْسٍ مِنَ ⦗٢٤⦘ الْإِبِلِ شَاةٌ»، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ وَالْخَلِيطَيْنِ، وَمَا لَا يُوجَدُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ التَّيْسَ، وَلَا لَفْظَ السَّائِمَةِ فِي الْغَنَمِ، وَلَا قَوْلَهُ: \" فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ","vol":"6","page":23},{"text":"٧٨٧٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ:  «فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ»","vol":"6","page":24},{"text":"٧٨٧٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: الزُّهْرِيُّ:  «أَقْرَأَنِي سَالِمٌ كِتَابًا كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ»، فَكَأَنَّهُ أَقْرَأَهُ الْكِتَابَ وَأَسْنَدَهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَحَفِظَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ،\n\n٧٨٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: هَذِهِ نُسْخَةُ كِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، وَهِيَ عِنْدَ آلِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: أَقْرَأَنِيهَا سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَوَعَيْتُهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهَا، وَهِيَ الَّتِي انْتَسَخَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ: «فَإِذَا كَانَتْ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ، حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ ثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا بِنْتَا لَبُونٍ وَحِقَّةٌ، حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ وَبِنْتُ لَبُونٍ، حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَأَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ خَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ حِقَاقٍ، حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَخَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ سِتِّينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا أَرْبَعُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ، حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ سَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ وَحِقَّةٌ، حَتَّى ⦗٢٥⦘ تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَسَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ ثَمَانِينَ ومائةً فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ وَابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ، حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَثَمَانِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ تِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ حِقَاقٍ وَبِنْتُ لَبُونٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ مِائَتَيْنِ فَفِيهَا أَرْبَعُ حِقَاقٍ أَوْ خَمْسُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ، أَيُّ السِّنَّيْنَ وُجِدَتْ أُخِذَتْ، وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ» فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، وَفِيهِ: «وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ، وَلَا ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، وَلَا تَيْسُ الْغَنَمِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ الْمُصَدِّقُ»،\n\n٧٨٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٧٨٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ يَلْتَمِسُ كِتَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ، وَكِتَابَ عُمَرَ، فَوَجَدَ عِنْدَ آلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ كِتَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ، وَوَجَدَ عِنْدَ آلِ عُمَرَ كِتَابَ عُمَرَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ، مِثْلَ كِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنُسِخَ لَهُ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْإِبِلِ مِثْلَ مَا رُوِّينَا، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى الْعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ وَاحِدَةً، فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ","vol":"6","page":24},{"text":"٧٨٨٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ،: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِكِتَابٍ فَذَكَرَ فِيهِ صَدَقَةَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ»، بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهَا صَدَقَةَ الْبَقَرِ وَالْوَرِقِ وَالذَّهَبِ،\n\n٧٨٨٣ - وَقَدْ أَثْنَى جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْخَوْلَانِي مِنْهُمْ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَأَبُو زُرْعَةَ الرَّازِيُّ، وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ ⦗٢٧⦘،\n\n٧٨٨٤ - وَحَدِيثُهُ هَذَا يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ مِنْ رَوَاهُ مُرْسَلًا، وَيُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ مِنْ رَوَاهُ مِنْ وِجْهَةِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٧٨٨٥ - فَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِقَيْسِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: اكْتُبْ لِيَ كِتَابَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ بنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، فَكَتَبَهُ لِيَ فِي وَرَقَةٍ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ بِهَا، وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَهُ لِجَدِّهِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فِي ذِكْرِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ فَرَائِضِ ⦗٢٨⦘ الْإِبِلِ، فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا: «إِذَا بَلَغَتْ تِسْعِينَ فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ، فَمَا فَضَلَ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَادُ إِلَى أَوَّلِ فَرِيضَةِ الْإِبِلِ، فَمَا كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ فَفِيهِ الْغَنَمُ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ شَاةٌ»\n\n٧٨٨٦ - فَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَبَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٧٨٨٧ - وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: قَالَ: حَمَّادٌ: قُلْتُ لِقَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: خُذْ لِي كِتَابَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فَأَعْطَانِيَ كِتَابًا أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ لِجَدِّهِ، فَقَرَأْتُهُ، فَكَانَ فِيهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا،\n\n٧٨٨٨ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بَنِ حَزْمٍ، وَبَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ أَخَذَهُ، عَنْ كِتَابِ لَا عَنْ سَمَاعِ، وَكَذَلِكَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ أَخَذَهُ، عَنْ كِتَابٍ لَا عَنْ سَمَاعٍ،\n\n٧٨٨٩ - وَالْحُفَّاظُ مِثْلُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ الْقَطَّانِ وَغَيْرِهِ يُضَعِّفُونَ رِوَايَةَ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ يَذْكُرُ عِلَّتَهُ.\n\n٧٨٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ، يَقُولُ: «ضَاعَ كِتَابُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، فَكَانَ ⦗٢٩⦘ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ، فَهَذِهِ قِصَّتُهُ»، يَعْنِي: هَذَا سَبَبُ كَثْرَةِ خَطَئِهِ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ\n\n٧٨٩١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرُو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: قَالَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ: \" اسْتَعَارَ مِنِّي حَجَّاجٌ الْأَحْوَلُ كِتَابَ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، فَذَهَبَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ: ضَاعَ \"\n\n٧٨٩٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ: «كَانَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ضَاعَ كِتَابُهُ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ، وَكَتَبَهَا بِحِفْظِهِ»\n\n٧٨٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى خَطَأِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ بِخِلَافِهِ، وَأَبُو الرِّجَالِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ رَوَاهُ بِخِلَافِهِ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ مَعَ فَضْلِ حِفْظِهِ رَوَاهُ بِخِلَافِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ عَنْهُ مَوْصُولًا، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ مُرْسَلًا\n\n٧٨٩٤ - وَإِذَا كَانَ حَدِيثُ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، مُرْسَلًا، خَالَفَهُ عَدَدٌ، وَفِيهِمْ ⦗٣٠⦘ وَلَدُ الرَّجُلِ، وَالْكِتَابُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَتَوَارَثُونَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأُخْبِرُوا بِمَا وَجَدُوا فِيهِ، وَيَعْرِفُ عَنْهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَأَمَرَ بِأَنْ يُنْسَخَ لَهُ فَوَجَدَ بِخِلَافِ مَا رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ مُوَافِقًا لَمَّا وَجَدَ فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَانَ آلُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ مُوَافِقًا لِمَا رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ مَوْصُولًا، مُوَافِقًا لِمَا رَوَاهُ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَوْصُولًا، إِنَّمَا يَدُلُّكَ كُلُّ هَذَا عَلَى خَطَأِ تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَةِ الَّتِي قَدِ انْفَرَدَتْ، عَنْ سَائِرِ تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَاتِ، وَأَنَّ الْأَخْذَ بِغَيْرِهَا أَوْلَى،\n\n٧٨٩٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ خُصَيْفٍ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَزِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: «فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً اسْتَقْبَلْتَ بِالْغَنَمِ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ شَاةٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ بِفَرَائِضِ الْإِبِلِ، فَإِذَا كَثُرَتِ الْإِبِلُ فَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ»\n\n٧٨٩٦ - فَهَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ، وَمُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَخُصَيْفٍ الْجَزَرِيِّ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٌّ بِهِ\n\n٧٨٩٧ - وَمَنْ أَجَازَ لِدِينِهِ أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهَذَا فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ، فَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمُتْقِنِيهِمْ، اتَّفَقَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ عَلَى الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مَوْصُولًا\n\n٧٨٩٨ - وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى مِنْ أَوْلَادِ الْأَنْصَارِ، مَشْهُورٌ بِالْعِلْمِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِعَيْنِهِ\n\n٧٨٩٩ - وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ الْجَمَاعَةُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، وَلَمُ يَرْوِ شَيْئًا مُنْكَرًا\n\n٧٩٠٠ - وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَ الزُّهْرِيِّ كِتَابُ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ مَوْصُولًا، ثُمَّ يَكْتُبُ أَيْضًا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي كَانَ عِنْدَ آلِ عُمَرَ، كَمَا أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بِالْكِتَابَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، فَكُتِبَا لَهُ، فَبِمِثْلِ هَذَا لَا يَرُدُّ الْحَدِيثُ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ،\n\n٧٩٠١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْإِبِلِ إِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ قَالَ: «تُرَدُّ الْفَرَائِضُ إِلَى أَوَّلِهَا، فَإِذَا كَثُرَتِ الْإِبِلُ فَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهَا حِقَّةٌ» ⦗٣١⦘،\n\n٧٩٠٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «رَجَعْتِ الْفَرِيضَةُ إِلَى أَوَّلِهَا»\n\n٧٩٠٣ - وَعَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، مِثْلُهُ،\n\n٧٩٠٤ - وَقَدْ أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ» بِأَنْ قَالَ: رَاوِي هَذَا مَجْهُولٌ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَأَكْثَرُ الرُّوَاةِ، عَنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَجْهُولِ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الَّذِي رَوَى هَذَا عَنْهُ غَلَطَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ\n\n٧٩٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ رِوَايَةَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا غَلَطٌ، وَالصَّحِيحُ حَدِيثُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ\n\n٧٩٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِرِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ خِلَافَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ بِمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خِلَافَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى كَوْنِهِ خَطَأٌ","vol":"6","page":26},{"text":"٧٩٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ ⦗٣٢⦘ قَالَ: قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «إِذَا زَادَتِ الْإِبِلُ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ، وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ»،\n\n٧٩٠٨ - وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلُهُ\n\n٧٩٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: بِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ السُّنَّةَ","vol":"6","page":31},{"text":"٧٩١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ عَبَّادٌ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ:  «فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةَ، وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ»\n\n٧٩١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ أَبُو كَامِلٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ لَهُ السُّنَّةَ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا\n\n٧٩١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ لَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا، يَقُولُونَ: إِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ اسْتُقْبِلَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ أَوَّلُهَا، وَكَانَ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ شَاةٌ إِلَى أَنْ يَبْلُغَ خَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةً، ثُمَّ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ، وَهَذَا قَوْلٌ مُتَنَاقِضٌ لَا أَثَرٌ وَلَا قِيَاسٌ، فَيُخَالِفُونَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَالثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عِنْدَهُمْ، إِلَى قَوْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَشَيْءٍ يُغْلَطُ بِهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ ⦗٣٣⦘\n\n٧٩١٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ أَحَالُوا فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ بِالْغَلَطِ عَلَى عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وَقَالُوا: قَدْ رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَحْكَامٍ بِخِلَافِ مَا رَوَاهُ سَائِرُ النَّاسِ مِنْهَا: مَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْإِبِلِ إِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ رَجَعْتِ الْفَرِيضَةُ إِلَى أَوَّلِهَا، وَقَدُ خُولِفَ فِيهِ، وَمِنْهَا: مَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْمُصَدِّقِ إِذَا أَخَذَ سِنًّا فَوْقَ سَنٍّ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ عَشْرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ، وَإِذَا أَخَذُوا سِنًّا دُونَ سَنٍّ، رَدُّوا عَلَيْهِ عَشْرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ، وَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ رِوَايَةِ النَّاسِ فِي الْعَشَرَةِ، وَمِنْهَا: مَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْإِبِلِ إِذَا كَانَتْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ، فَفِيهَا خَمْسُ شِيَاهٍ، وَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ رِوَايَةِ النَّاسِ","vol":"6","page":32},{"text":"٧٩١٤ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذَا عَنْهُ، وَذَكَرَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْخِلَافِ، وَإِجْمَاعِ النَّاسِ عَلَى تَرَكِ الْقَوْلِ بِهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «فِي خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ» ⦗٣٤⦘\n\n٧٩١٥ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ وَلَا أَحَدٌ عَلِمْنَاهُ يَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا، وَالثَّابِتُ عِنْدَنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَّ فِيَ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ»\n\n٧٩١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ عَبَّادٌ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَتَبَ: «فِي خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ» وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَأْمُرُ عُمَّالَهُ بِذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَقَالَ أَبُو كَامِلٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ قَالَ: أَعْطَانِي، يَعْنِي أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ كِتَابًا كَتَبَهُ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ﵁ قَالَ: \" هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ اللَّهِ، وَسُنَّةُ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ: فِي خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ «،\n\n٧٩١٧ - وَرَأَيْتُ فِي كِتَابِ» التَّقْرِيبِ \"، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ ⦗٣٥⦘ آدَمَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ: أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ قَوْلَ عَلِيٍّ: يَعْنِي: «فِي خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ خَمْسُ شِيَاهٍ» فَقَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ أفْقَهَ مِنْ أَنْ، يَقُولُ: هَذَا، إِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْ قِبَلِ الرِّجَالِ\n\n٧٩١٨ - وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ رَوَاهُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: فِيهِ مَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، وَتَرَكَ هَذَا مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ بِهِ، وَأَخَذَ بِالْحُكْمَيْنِ الْآخَرَيْنِ، وَقَدُ خُولِفَ فِيهِمَا أَيْضًا كَمَا خُولِفَ فِي هَذَا.\n\n٧٩١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»، لِبَعْضِ مِنْ تَرَكَ الْقَوْلَ بِهِ فِي هَذَا الْحَكَمِ: فَكَيْفَ لَمْ تَقُلْ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: جَاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِخِلَافِ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قُلْنَا: فَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي أَحَدٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، لَا حُجَّةَ فِي أَحَدٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قُلْنَا: فَقَدْ جَاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَخُلَفَائِهِ بِأَنَّ الْإِبِلَ إِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ، فَكَيْفَ تَرَكْتَ هَذَا؟\n\n٧٩٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا نَرَى عَلِيًّا ﵁ جَهِلَ فَرْضَ الْإِبِلِ، وَلَقَدُ قِيلَ قَدْ صَدَّقَ عَلِيٌ عَهْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣٦⦘\n\n٧٩٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ فِي صَدَقَةِ الْإِبِلِ: فَمَا زَادَ بَعْدَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ طَرُوقَةُ الْفَحْلِ \"","vol":"6","page":33},{"text":"٧٩٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسِ: أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ كِتَابَ «الصَّدَقَةِ»، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَ صَّ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى بِعَيْنِهِ يُرِيدُ مَا:\n\n٧٩٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ كِتَابَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ قَالَ: فَوَجَدْتُ فِيهِ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ كِتَابُ الصَّدَقَةِ فِي أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، فَدُونَهَا الْغَنَمُ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ شَاةٌ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنِ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ، إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ، بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى سِتِّينَ حِقَّةٌ طَرُوقَةِ الْفَحْلِ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ جَذَعَةٌ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى تِسْعِينَ ابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ، وَفِيمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ حِقَّتَانِ طَرُوقَتَا الْفَحْلِ، فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ ⦗٣٧⦘، وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ صَدَقَةَ الْغَنَمِ»\n\n٧٩٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ غَيْرُ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، لَكَانَتْ فِيهِ حَجَّةٌ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا كِتَابٌ أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ، وَلَمْ يَكْتُبْهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ رَأْيِهِ، فَلَا تَدَخُّلَ لِلْرَأْيِ فِيهِ، وَعَمِلَ بِهِ، وَأَمَرَ عُمَّالَهُ حَتَّى عَمِلُوا بِهِ، وَأَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُتَوَافِرُونَ، وَأَقْرَأَهُ ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، وَأَقْرَأَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنَهُ سَالِمًا وَمَوْلَاهُ نَافِعًا، وَكَانَ الْكِتَابُ عِنْدَ آلِ عُمَرَ حَتَّى قَرَأَهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَانْتَسَخَ مِنْهُ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَعَمِلَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ حَتَّى قَرَأَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ أَيْضًا\n\n٧٩٢٥ - فَكَيْفَ وَقَدْ أَسْنَدَهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ يُوَافِقُ الرِّوَايَةَ الثَّابِتَةَ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"6","page":36},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-472>تَفْسِيرُ أَسْنَانِ الْإِبِلِ</span>","vol":"6","page":38},{"text":"٧٩٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَاسَرْجِسِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ مِنْ سَمَاعِهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ التُّجِيبِيُّ اللَّيْثِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَخِي حَرْمَلَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمِّي حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" إِذَا وَضَعَتِ النَّاقَةُ قِيلَ لِوَلَدِهَا: رُبَعٌ، وَالْأُنْثَى رُبَعَةٌ، وَهِيَ فِي ذَاكَ كُلِّهِ حُوَارٌ فَلَا يَزَالُ الْحُوَارُ حَوْلًا، ثُمَّ يَفْصِلُ،\n\n٧٩٢٧ - فَإِذَا فُصِلَ عَنْ أُمِّهِ، فَهُوَ فَصِيلٌ، وَالْفِصَالُ هُوَ الْفِطَامُ،\n\n٧٩٢٨ - فَإِذَا اسْتَكْمَلَ الْحَوْلَ، وَدَخَلَ فِي الثَّانِيَ فَهُوَ ابْنُ مَخَاضٍ، وَالْأُنْثَى ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، وَإِنِّمَا سُمِّيَ ابْنَ مَخَاضٍ، لِأَنَّهُ فُصِلَ عَنْ أُمِّهِ وَلَحِقَتْ أُمُّهُ بِالْمَخَاضِ، وَهِيَ الْحَوَامِلُ فَهُوَ ابْنُ مَخَاضٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ حَامِلًا فَلَا يَزَالُ ابْنَ مَخَاضٍ السَّنَةَ كُلَّهَا،\n\n٧٩٢٩ - فَإِذَا اسْتَكْمَلَهَا وَدَخَلَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ، فَهُوَ ابْنُ لَبُونٍ، وَالْأُنْثَى ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ ابْنَ لَبُونٍ: لِأَنَّ أُمَّهُ وَضَعَتْ غَيْرَهُ فَصَارَ لَهَا لَبَنٌ فَهُوَ ابْنُ لَبُونٍ، وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، فَلَا تَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ السَّنَةَ كُلَّهَا،\n\n٧٩٣٠ - فَإِذَا مَضَتِ السَّنَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ، وَدَخَلْتِ الرَّابِعَةُ فَهُوَ حِقٌّ، وَالْأُنْثَى حِقَّةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ حِقًّا؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَسْتَحِقُّ أَنْ يُحْمَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَيُرْكَبَ، فَيُقَالُ: هُوَ حِقٌّ، وَالْأُنْثَى حِقَّةٌ،\n\n٧٩٣١ - وَيُقَالُ أَيْضًا: بَلَغَتِ الْحِقَّةُ أَنْ يَنْزُوَهَا الْفَحْلُ، وَلِذَلِكَ قِيلَ طَرُوقَةُ الْفَحْلِ،\n\n٧٩٣٢ - فَلَا تَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَسْتَكْمِلَ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ، وَتَدْخُلَ فِي السَّنَةِ الْخَامِسَةِ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ جَذَعٌ، وَالْأُنْثَى جَذَعَةٌ ⦗٣٩⦘،\n\n٧٩٣٣ - فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ الْخَامِسَةُ، فَإِذَا دَخَلْتِ السَّنَةُ السَّادِسَةُ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ ثَنِيُّ، وَالْأُنْثَى ثَنِيَّةٌ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ فِي الضَّحَايَا مِنَ الْبُدْنِ، وَالْبَقَرِ، وَأَمَّا الضَّأَنُ فَهُوَ يُجْزِئُ مِنْهَا الْجَذَعُ،\n\n٧٩٣٤ - وَلَا يَزَالُ الثَّنِيُّ ثَنِيًّا حَتَّى يَجُوزَ السَّنَةَ السَّادِسَةَ، فَإِذَا دَخَلَتِ السَّابِعَةُ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ رِبَاعٌ، وَالْأُنْثَى رِبَاعَةٌ، أَوْ قَالَ: رِبَاعِيَّةٌ،\n\n٧٩٣٥ - فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ السَّنَةَ السَّابِعَةَ، فَإِذَا دَخَلْتِ السَّنَةُ الثَّامِنَةُ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ سُدُسٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْأُنْثَى،\n\n٧٩٣٦ - فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ السُّنَّةُ الثَّامِنَةُ، وَدَخَلَتِ السَّنَةُ التَّاسِعَةُ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ بَازِلٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْأُنْثَى بَازِلٌ،\n\n٧٩٣٧ - فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ السُّنَّةُ التَّاسِعَةُ، فَإِذَا مَضَتِ السَّنَةُ التَّاسِعَةُ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ مُخْلَفٌ، ثُمَّ لَيْسَ لَهُ اسْمٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٧٩٣٨ - وَلَكِنْ يُقَالُ لَهُ بَازِلٌ عَامَ، وَبَازِلٌ عَامَيْنِ، وَمُخْلَفٌ عَامَ، وَمُخْلَفٌ عَامَيْنِ، إِلَى مَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ،\n\n٧٩٣٩ - فَإِذَا كَبُرَ فَهُوَ عُودٌ، وَالْأُنْثَى عَوْدَةٌ، فَإِذَا هَرِمَ فَهُوَ قَحْمٌ، وَأَمَّا الْأُنْثَى فَهِيَ النَّابُ وَالشَّارِفُ \"","vol":"6","page":38},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-473>بَابُ صَدَقَةِ الْبَقَرِ السَّائِمَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":40},{"text":"٧٩٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ، أُتِيَ بِوَقْسِ الْبَقَرِ، فَقَالَ: «لَمْ يَأْمُرْنِي فِيهِ النَّبِي ﷺ بِشَيْءٍ» ⦗٤١⦘،\n\n٧٩٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْوَقْسُ مَا لَمْ يَبْلُغِ الْفَرِيضَةَ\n\n٧٩٤٢ - كَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ بِالسِّينِ، وَفِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ بِالصَّادِ\n\n٧٩٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُعَاذًا إِنَّمَا أَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ثَلَاثِينَ، فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ شَيْئًا","vol":"6","page":40},{"text":"٧٩٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا، وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، وَقَالَ:  «لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ»\n\n٧٩٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَطَاوُسٍ: عَالِمٌ بِأَمْرِ مُعَاذٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَلْقَهُ عَلَى كَثْرَةِ مَنْ لَقِيَهُ مِمَّنْ أَدْرَكَ مُعَاذًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيمَا عَلِمْتُ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ مُعَاذًا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ تَبِيعًا، وَمَنْ أَرْبَعِينَ مُسِنَّةً»","vol":"6","page":41},{"text":"٧٩٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ مِنْ كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا، وَمَنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً، وَمِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا، أَوْ عِدْلَهُ ثَوْبَ مَعَافِرَ»،\n\n٧٩٤٧ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَلَى الصَّوَابِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"6","page":42},{"text":"٧٩٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، عَنْ عَدَدٍ، مَضَوْا مِنْهُمْ: أَنَّ مُعَاذًا «أَخَذَ صَدَقَةَ الْبَقَرِ مِنْهُمْ»، كَمَا رَوَى طَاوسٌ\n\n٧٩٤٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَالْأَمَانَةِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، دَعَا بِصَحِيفَةٍ، فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ بِهَا إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، فَإِذَا فِيهَا: \" مِنْ كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ: تَبِيعٌ، وَمَنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ: مُسِنَّةٌ \" ⦗٤٣⦘،\n\n٧٩٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَهُوَ مَا لَا أَعْلَمُ فِيهِ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ لَقِيتُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ خِلَافًا، وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ\n\n٧٩٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، حَدِيثَ مُعَاذٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: تَبِيعًا أَوْ تَبِيعَةَ، جَذَعًا أَوْ جَذَعَةً،\n\n٧٩٥٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ قَالَ فِيهِ: «وَفِي كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ بَاقُورَةً تَبِيعٌ جَذَعٌ أَوْ جَذَعَةٌ، وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بَاقُورَةً بَقَرَةٌ»،\n\n٧٩٥٣ - وَمَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"6","page":42},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-474>بَابُ صَدَقَةِ الْغَنَمِ السَّائِمَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":44},{"text":"٧٩٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ ⦗٤٥⦘ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: ثَابِتٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي صَدَقَةِ الْغَنَمِ مَعْنَى مَا أَذْكُرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ،\n\n٧٩٥٥ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ أَنَسًا، حَدَّثَهُ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ لَمَّا اسْتَخْلَفَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ عَلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ، كَتَبَ لَهُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ: \" هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا رَسُولَهُ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَالْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: وَصَدَقَةُ الْغَنَمِ فِي سَائِمَتِهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَفِيهَا شَاةٌ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ مِائَتَيْنِ فَفِيهَا شَاتَانِ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى مِائَتَيْنِ إِلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، فَفِي كُلِّ مِائَةِ شَاةٍ شَاةٌ، وَفِيهِ وَلَا تَخْرُجُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ وَلَا ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ، وَلَا تَيْسٌ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ الْمُصَدِّقُ، وَفِيهِ: وَإِذَا كَانَتْ سَائِمَةُ الرَّجُلِ يَنْقُصُ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً وَاحِدَةٌ فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدَقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ رَبُّهَا \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ","vol":"6","page":44},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-475>السِّنُّ الَّتِي تُؤْخَذُ فِي الْغَنَمِ</span>","vol":"6","page":46},{"text":"٧٩٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، ﵁ اسْتَعْمَلَ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَى الطَّائِفِ، وَمَخَالِيفِهَا، فَخَرَجَ مُصَّدِّقًا، فَاعْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْغِذَاءِ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنْ كُنْتَ مُعْتَدًّا عَلَيْنَا بِالْغِذَاءِ فَخُذْ مِنْهُ، فَأَمْسَكَ حَتَّى لَقِيَ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اعْلَمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّا نَظْلِمُهُمْ، نَعُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْغِذَاءِ، وَلَا نَأْخُذُهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: اعْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْغِذَاءِ حَتَّى بِالسَّخْلَةِ، يَرُوحُ بِهَا الرَّاعِي عَلَى يَدِهِ، وَقُلْ لَهُمْ: لَا آخُذُ مِنْكُمُ الرُّبَّى، وَلَا الْمَاخِضَ، وَلَا ذَاتَ الدَّرِّ، وَلَا الشَّاةَ الْأَكُولَةَ ⦗٤٨⦘، وَلَا فَحَلَ الْغَنَمِ، وَخُذِ الْعَنَاقَ، وَالْجَذَعَةَ، وَالثَّنِيَّةَ، فَذَلِكَ عَدْلٌ بَيْنَ غِذَاءِ الْمَالِ وَخِيَارِهِ \"\n\n٧٩٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَإِنَّمَا مَنَعَنِي أَنْ آخُذَ أَعْلَى مِنْهَا إِذَا كَانَتِ الْغَنَمُ كُلُّهَا أَعْلَى: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِمُعَاذٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ مُصَدِّقًا: «إِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ»، وَكَرَائِمُ الْأَمْوَالِ فِيمَا هُوَ أَعْلَى بَيْنَ كُلِّ مَا يَجُوزُ ضَحِيَّةٌ","vol":"6","page":47},{"text":"٧٩٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ مُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّكَ تَأْتِي قَوْمًا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ، فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوكَ لِذَلِكَ، فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوكَ لِذَلِكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ وَتُرَدُّ فِي فُقَرَائِهِمْ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوكَ لِذَلِكَ فَإِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ، فَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ ﷿ حَجَّابٌ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعِ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ","vol":"6","page":48},{"text":"٧٩٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، سَمَّاهُ، عَنْ سَعْرٍ، أَخِي بَنِي عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: جَاءَنِي رَجُلَانِ، فَقَالَا: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَنَا نُصَدِّقُ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ قَالَ: فَأَخْرَجَتُ لَهُمَا شَاةً مَاخِضًا، أَفْضَلَ مَا وَجَدْتُ، فَرَدَّاهَا عَلَيَّ، وَقَالَا: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَانَا أَنْ نَأْخُذَ الشَّاةَ الْحُبْلَى، فَأَعْطَيْتُهُمَا شَاةً مِنْ وَسَطِ الْغَنَمِ فَأَخَذَاهَا \"","vol":"6","page":49},{"text":"٧٩٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ الْجُمَحِيِّ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ ثَفِنَةَ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعْرِ بْنِ دَيْسَمٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي شِعْبٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشِّعَابِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَنَمٍ لِي، فَجَاءَنِي رَجُلَانِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ، فَقَالَا: إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّكَ لَتُؤَدِّي صَدَقَةَ غَنَمِكَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: مَا عَلَيَّ فِيهَا؟ فَقَالَا: شَاةٌ، فَأَعْمِدُ إِلَى شَاةٍ قَدْ عَرَفْتُ مَكَانَهَا، مُمْتَلِئَةٍ ⦗٥٠⦘ مَحْضًا وَشَحْمًا، فَأَخْرَجْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا، فَقَالَا: هَذِهِ شَاةُ الشَّافِعِ، وَقَدْ نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ شَافِعًا، قُلْتُ: فَأَيَّ شَيْءٍ تَأْخُذَانِ؟ قَالَا: عَنَاقًا جَذَعَةً، أَوْ ثَنِيَّةً قَالَ: فَأَعْمِدُ إِلَى عَنَاقِ مُعْتَاطٍ، وَالْمُعْتَاطُ الَّتِي لَمْ تَلِدْ وَلَدًا، وَقَدْ حَانَ وِلَادُهَا فَأَخْرَجْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا، فَقَالَا: نَاوِلْنَاهَا، فَجَعَلَاهَا مَعَهُمَا عَلَى بَعِيرِهِمَا، ثُمَّ انْطَلقَا،\n\n٧٩٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٧٩٦٢ - قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: رَوْحٌ يَقُولُ: مُسْلِمُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ.\n\n٧٩٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ النَّسَائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ فِيهِ: وَالشَّافِعُ الَّتِي فِي بَطْنِهَا وَلَدٌ \"\n\n٧٩٦٤ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا، وَقَالَ، أَيْضًا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ كَمَا قَالَ: رَوْحٌ\n\n٧٩٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْطَأَ فِيهِ وَكِيعٌ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ\n\n٧٩٦٦ - هَكَذَا قَالَ بِشْرُ بْنُ السَّرِيُّ، وَرَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ: وَأَخْطَأَ فِيهِ أَيْضًا، فَقَالَ: مَخْضًا وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مَخَاضًا وَشَحْمًا،\n\n٧٩٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٥١⦘ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، يَقُولُ: فَذَكَرَه\n\n٧٩٦٨ - ُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْهُ: «إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ بِأَعْلَى مِنْهَا، فَيَقْبَلُ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَبِلَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنَ الْمُتَطَوِّعِ»","vol":"6","page":49},{"text":"٧٩٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُصَدِّقًا، وَأَنَّهُ وَجَدَ مَالَ رَجُلٍ قَدْ وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، فَأَتَاهُ بِنَاقَةٍ فَتِيَّةٍ، عَظِيمَةٍ، سَمِينَةٍ، فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْهَا حَتَّى أَتَيَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ذَلِكَ الَّذِي عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنْ تَطَوَّعْتَ بِخَيْرٍ آجَرَكَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ وَقَبِلْنَاهُ مِنْكَ» قَالَ: فَهَا هِيَ ذِهِ قَدْ جِئْتُكَ بِهَا فَخُذْهَا قَالَ: فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَبْضِهَا، وَدَعَا لَهُ فِي مَالِهِ بِالْبَرَكَةِ،،\n\n٧٩٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ","vol":"6","page":51},{"text":"٧٩٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي رَجُلَانِ، مِنْ أَشْجَعَ: أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ، \" كَانَ يَأْتِيَهُمْ مُصَدِّقًا، فَيَقُولُ لِرَبِّ الْمَالِ: أَخْرَجْ إِلَيَّ صَدَقَةَ مَالِكَ، فَلَا يَقُودُ إِلَيْهِ شَاةً فِيهَا وَفَاءٌ مِنْ حَقِّهِ إِلَّا قَبِلَهَا \" ⦗٥٢⦘\n\n٧٩٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ\n\n٧٩٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَرْكِ فَرْقِ الْغَنَمِ، وَعَلَى أَخْذِ الْجَذَعَةِ وَالثَّنِيَّةِ، وَذَلِكَ مَا يَجُوزُ أُضْحِيَةً: الثَّنِيَّةُ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ، وَالْجَذَعَةُ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ\n\n٧٩٧٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى تَرَكَ فَرْقِ الْغَنَمِ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: يُفَرِّقُ الْغَنَمَ فِرْقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يُخَيِّرُ رَبَّ الْمَالِ، فَيَخْتَارُ أَحَدَ الْفِرْقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ الْمُصَدِّقُ مِنَ الْفِرْقِ الثَّانِي مَا شَاءَ غَيْرَ مَا اسْتُثْنِيَ لَهُ، وَقَالُ بَعْضُهُمْ: يُفَرِّقُهَا ثَلَاثَ فِرَقٍ، فَيَخْتَارُ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ، وَيَرُدُّ الْمُصَدِّقُ، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ الْأَوْسَطِ \"\n\n٧٩٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا الْقَوْلَ الْأَوَّلَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ،\n\n٧٩٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا الْقَوْلَ الْآخَرَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَالزُّهْرِيُّ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ\n\n٧٩٧٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ لَقِيَ سَعْدًا، فَقَالَ: «إِذَا صَدَقْتُمُ الْمَاشِيَةَ فَاقْسِمُوهَا أَثْلَاثًا، ثُمَّ يَخْتَارُ صَاحِبُ الْغَنَمِ الثُّلُثَ، ثُمَّ اخْتَارُوا مِنَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ الْبَاقِيَيْنِ»","vol":"6","page":51},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-476>إِذَا أَنْتَجْتَ مَاشِيَةٌ، وَهِيَ نِصَابٌ، قَبْلَ الْحَوْلِ، عُدَّ بِالنِّتَاجِ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ</span>","vol":"6","page":53},{"text":"٧٩٧٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِحَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ» مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الذَّيْلِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنٍ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ بَعَثَهُ مُصَدِّقًا، فَكَانَ يَعُدُّ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِالسَّخْلِ، فَقَالُوا: أَتَعُدُّ عَلَيْنَا بِالسَّخْلِ، وَلَا تَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ذَكَرَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: نَعَمْ تَعُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالسَّخْلَةِ، يَحْمِلُهَا الرَّاعِي وَلَا تَأْخُذْهَا، وَلَا تَأْخُذِ الْأَكُولَةَ، وَلَا الرُّبَّى، وَلَا الْمَاخِضَ وَلَا فَحْلَ الْغَنَمِ، وَتَأْخُذُ الْجَذَعَةَ وَالثَّنِيَّةَ، وَذَلَكَ عَدْلٌ بَيْنَ غِذَاءِ الْغَنَمِ وَخِيَارِهِ \" ⦗٥٤⦘\n\n٧٩٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْبَنِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَذَلِكَ عَدْلٌ بَيْنَ غِذَاءِ الْمَالِ وَخِيَارِهِ»","vol":"6","page":53},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-477>بَابُ إِذَا أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً قَبْلَ الْحَوْلِ، أَصْدَقَ الْفَائِدَةَ بِحَوْلِهَا</span>","vol":"6","page":55},{"text":"٧٩٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ⦗٥٦⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «لَا يَجِبُ فِي مَالٍ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ»،\n\n٧٩٨١ - ورُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «مَنِ اسْتَفَادَ مَالًا فَلَا يُزَكِّهِ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ»،\n\n٧٩٨٢ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَعَائِشَةَ،\n\n٧٩٨٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مَرْفُوعًا: «لَيْسَ فِي مَالٍ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ»","vol":"6","page":55},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-478>مِنْ كَتَمَ مَالَهُ</span>","vol":"6","page":57},{"text":"٧٩٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَإِذَا غَلَّ الرَّجُلُ صَدَقَتَهُ ثُمَّ ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ أُخِذَتْ مِنْهُ الصَّدَقَةُ، وَلَمْ يُزَدْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ\n\n٧٩٨٥ - قَالَ: وَلَا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ الصَّدَقَةُ، وَشَطْرُ مَالِ الْغَالِّ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ قُلْنَا بِهِ \"","vol":"6","page":57},{"text":"٧٩٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثِ الْوَارِدِ فِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَهْزُ بْنُ حَكِيمِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ:  «فِي كُلِّ إِبِلٍ سَائِمَةٍ فِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ لَا يُفَرَّقُ إِبِلٌ، عَنْ حِسَابِهَا، مِنْ أَعْطَاهَا مُؤْتَجِرًا فَلَهُ ⦗٥٨⦘ أَجْرُهَا، وَمَنْ مَنْعَهَا فَإِنَّا آخِذُوهَا، وَشَطْرُ إِبِلِهِ عَزْمَةٌ مِنْ عَزَمَاتِ رَبِّنَا، لَا يَحِلُّ لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ»\n\n٧٩٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَأَمَّا الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ، فَإِنَّهُمَا لَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ جَرْيًا عَلَى عَادَتِهِمَا، بِأَنَّ الصَّحَابِيَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِيَّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ إِلَّا رَاوٍ وَاحِدٍ لَمْ يُخْرِجَا حَدِيثَهُ فِي كِتَابَيْهِمَا، وَمُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ حَيْدَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ عِنْدَهُمَا رِوَايَةً ثِقَةً عَنْهُ غَيْرَ ابْنِهِ، فَلَمْ يُخْرِجَا حَدِيثَهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٧٩٨٨ - وَقَدْ كَانَ تَضْعِيفُ الْغَرَامَةِ عَلَى مَنْ سَرَقَ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ صَارَ مَنْسُوخًا،\n\n٧٩٨٩ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى نَسْخِهِ بِحَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ فِيمَا أَفْسَدَتْ نَاقَتُهُ، فَلَمْ يَنْقُلْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي تِلْكَ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّهُ أَضْعَفَ الْغَرَامَةَ، بَلْ نَقْلَ فِيهَا حُكْمَهُ بِالضَّمَانِ فَقَطْ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مِنْ ذَاكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٧٩٩٠ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ «الْغَرِيبَيْنِ» لِأَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْهَرَوِيِّ قَالَ الْحَرْبِيُّ: غَلَطَ بَهْزٌ فِي لَفْظِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ: «وَشَطَرَ مَالَهُ» يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ يُحِيلُ مَالَهُ ⦗٥٩⦘ شَطْرَيْنِ، فَيَتَخَيَّرُ عَلَيْهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ، وَيَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ خَيْرِ الشَّطْرَيْنِ، عُقُوبَةً لِمَنْعِهِ الزَّكَاةَ، فَأَمَّا مَا لَا يَلْزَمُهُ فَلَا\n\n٧٩٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ حَفِظَهُ اللَّهُ: وَفِي هَذَا نَظَرٌ، لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَجُزْ أَخْذُ الزِّيَادَةِ فِي الْعَدَدِ لَمْ يَجُزْ أَخَذُ الزِّيَادَةِ فِي الصِّفَةِ، وَوَجْهُهُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":57},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-479>بَابُ صَدَقَةِ الْخُلَطَاءِ</span>","vol":"6","page":60},{"text":"٧٩٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: جَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ «لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةَ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ خَلِيطَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ»\n\n٧٩٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، كَتَبَ لَهُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ لَمَّا وَجَّهَهُ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا رَسُولَهُ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ الْكِتَابَ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ مَا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ،\n\n٧٩٩٤ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَرُوِيَ مِثْلُهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n٧٩٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «فَالَّذِي لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ لَمْ يَقْسِمَا الْمَاشِيَةَ، وَتَرَاجُعُهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ أَنْ يَكُونَا خَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْإِبِلِ فِيهَا الْغَنَمُ، فَتُوجَدُ الْإِبِلُ فِي يَدِ أَحَدِهِمَا، فَتُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ صَدَقَتُهَا، فَيَرْجِعُ عَلَى شَرِيكَهِ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ» ⦗٦٢⦘\n\n٧٩٩٦ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ يَكونُ الْخَلِيطَانِ لِرَجُلَيْنِ يَتَخَالَطَانِ بِمَاشِيَتِهِمَا، وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَاشِيَتَهُ، وَلَا يَكُونَانِ خَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَرُوحَا، وَيَسْرَحَا، وَيَسْقَيَا مَعًا، وَتَكُونُ فُحُولُهُمَا مُخْتَلِطةً، فَإِذَا كَانَا هَكَذَا صُدِّقَا صَدَقَةَ الْوَاحِدِ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ \"، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَمَا قُلْتُ فِي الْخُلَطَاءِ مَعْنَى الْحَدِيثِ نَفْسِهِ، ثُمَّ قَوْلِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ","vol":"6","page":61},{"text":"٧٩٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَطَاءَ، عَنِ النَّفْرِ تَكُونُ لَهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً؟ قَالَ: «عَلَيْهِمْ شَاةٌ»\n\n٧٩٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، مَعْنَى قَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ فِي الْأَرْبَعِينَ\n\n٧٩٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فِي قَوْلِهِ: لَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ، وَلَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، لَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةٍ فِي عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ خَشْيَةَ إِذَا جُمِعَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهَا شَاةٌ، لِأَنَّهَا إِذَا فُرِّقَتْ، فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ،\n\n٨٠٠٠ - وَلَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ، رَجُلٌ لَهُ مِائَةُ شَاةٍ، وَآخَرُ لَهُ مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٍ، فَإِذَا تُرِكَا عَلَى افْتِرَاقِهِمَا، كَانَتْ فِيهَا شَاتَانِ، وَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَتْ كَانَتْ فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ،\n\n٨٠٠١ - وَرَجُلَانِ لَهُمَا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً، فَإِذَا افْتَرَقَتْ، فَلَا شَيْءَ فِيهَا، إِذَا اجْتَمَعَتْ فَفِيهَا شَاةٌ ⦗٦٣⦘،\n\n٨٠٠٢ - فَالْخَشْيَةُ خَشْيَةُ الْوَالِي أَنْ تَقِلَّ الصَّدَقَةُ، وَخَشْيَةٌ أُخْرَى وَهِيَ خَشْيَةُ رَبِّ الْمَالِ أَنْ تَكْثُرَ الصَّدَقَةُ، وَلَيْسَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا أَوْلَى بِاسْمِ الْخَشْيَةِ مِنَ الْآخَرِ، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ نُقِرَّ كُلًّا عَلَى حَالِهِ، إِنْ كَانَ مُجْتَمِعًا صُدِّقَ مُجْتَمِعًا، وَإِنُ كَانَ مُتَفَرِّقًا صُدِّقَ مُتَفَرِّقًا،\n\n٨٠٠٣ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ خَلِيطَيْنِ، فَإِنَّهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ، فَجِمَاعُهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلرَّجُلَيْنِ مِائَةُ شَاةٍ، وَلَا يَكُونُ غَنَمُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَعْرُوفَةً، فَتُؤْخَذُ الصَّدَقَةُ؛ الشَّاةُ مِنْ غَنَمِ أَحَدِهِمَا، فَيَرْجِعُ الْمَأْخُوذَةَ مِنْهُ الشَّاةُ عَلَى خَلِيطِهِ بِنِصْفِ قِيمَةِ الشَّاةِ إِذَا كَانَ عَدَدُ غَنَمَهُمَا وَاحِدًا، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الشَّاةُ مَأْخُوذَةً مِنْ غَنَمِ رَجُلٍ لَهُ ثُلُثَ الْغَنَمِ، وَلِشَرِيكِهِ ثُلُثَاهَا، رَجَعَ الْمَأْخُوذَةُ مِنْهُ الشَّاةُ عَلَى شَرِيكِهِ بِثُلُثَيْ قِيمَةِ الشَّاةِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"6","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-480>بَابُ مَنْ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَقَةُ</span>؟","vol":"6","page":64},{"text":"٨٠٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَفِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٣]، بَيَّنَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَالِكٍ تَامِّ الْمُلْكِ مِنْ حُرٍّ لَهُ مَالٌ فِيهِ زَكَاةَ، سَوَاءً كَانَ بَالِغًا أَوْ صَبِيًّا، صَحِيحًا أَوْ مَعْتُوهًا،\n\n٨٠٠٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَلَا فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَلَا فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ صَدَقَةٌ»، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهَا لِحُرٍّ مُسْلِمٍ فَفِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ فِي الْمَالِ نَفْسِهِ لَا فِي الْمَالِكِ\n\n٨٠٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا سَمِعْنَا: كَمَا يَجِبُ فِي مَالِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا لَزِمَ مَالُهُ بِوَجْهٍ مِنَ الْوجُوهِ، جِنَايَةٍ، أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ مِنْهُ، أَوْ نَفَقَةٍ\n\n٨٠٠٧ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخِرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا حَجَّةٌ بِمَا أَوْجَدْنَاكَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَصْلَ مَذْهَبِنَا وَمَذْهَبِكَ، أَنَّا لَا نُخَالِفُ الْوَاحِدَ مِنْ ⦗٦٦⦘ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُخَالِفَهُ غَيْرُهُ مِنْهُمْ، كَانَتْ لَنَا لِهَذَا حَجَّةٌ عَلَيْكَ وَأَنْتُمْ تَرْوُونَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: أَنَّهُ وَلِيَ بَنِي أَبِي رَافِعٍ أَيْتَامًا، فَكَانَ يُؤَدِّي الزَّكَاةَ، عَنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِيهِ عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرِ هَؤُلَاءِ، مَعَ أَنَّ أَكْثَرَ التَّابِعِينَ قَبْلَنْا يَقُولُونَ بِهِ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ وَجْهٍ مُنْقَطِعٍ","vol":"6","page":65},{"text":"٨٠٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «ابْتَغُوا فِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ أَوْ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى، لَا تُذْهِبْهَا، وَلَا تَسْتَهْلِكُهَا الصَّدَقَةُ»\n\n٨٠٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، مَرْفُوعًا\n\n٨٠١٠ - وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «ابْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى، لَا تَأْكُلُهَا الصَّدَقَةُ»","vol":"6","page":66},{"text":"٨٠١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ: «إِنَّ عِنْدَنَا مَالُ يَتِيمٍ قَدْ أَسْرَعَتْ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ»، زَادَ فِيهِ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ دَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ لِيَتَّجِرَ فِيهِ لَهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ لَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ الْجَدِيدِ","vol":"6","page":67},{"text":"٨٠١٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا مَوْصُولًا، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «هَلْ مِنْ قِبَلِكُمْ مُتَّجِرٌ؟ فَإِنَ عِنْدِي مَالُ يَتِيمٍ، قَدْ كَادَتِ الزَّكَاةُ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ عَلَيْهِ»،\n\n٨٠١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ الضَّبِّيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْحُدَّانِيُّ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ قُرَّةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":67},{"text":"٨٠١٤ - وَأخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «ابْتَغُوا فِي أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى، لَا تَسْتَهْلِكُهَا الزَّكَاةُ»\n\n٨٠١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: ح\n\n٨٠١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الْحَافِظُ، ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَغَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":67},{"text":"٨٠١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ: أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: «كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي أَبِي رَافِعٍ أَيْتَامًا، فَكَانَ يُزَكِّيهَا كُلَّ عَامٍ»،\n\n٨٠١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ كَانَ «يَلِي مَالَ بَنِي أَبِي رَافِعٍ أَيْتَامًا، فَكَانَ يُخْرِجُ الزَّكَاةَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ»","vol":"6","page":68},{"text":"٨٠١٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمَهْدِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ: «أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ يُزَكِّي أَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَهُمْ أَيْتَامٌ فِي حِجْرِهِ».\n\n٨٠٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ، فَيَقُولُونَ: لَيْسَ فِي مَالُ الْيَتِيمِ زَكَاةً.\n\n٨٠٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَشْعَثُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ صَلْتٍ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ،\n\n٨٠٢٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"6","page":68},{"text":"٨٠٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:  «كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَلِينِي أَنَا وَأَخًا لِي يَتِيمَيْنِ فِي حِجْرِهَا، فَكَانَتْ تُخْرَجُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا الزَّكَاةَ»","vol":"6","page":68},{"text":"٨٠٢٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُخَارِقِ، كُلُّهُمْ يُخْبِرُهُ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: «كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تُزَكِّي أَمْوَالَنَا، وَإِنَّهَا لتَّتَجِرُ بِهَا فِي الْبَحْرَيْنِ»","vol":"6","page":69},{"text":"٨٠٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُزَكِّي مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ»\n\n٨٠٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"6","page":69},{"text":"٨٠٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَابْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ لِوَلِيِّ الْيَتِيمِ: \" أَحْصِ مَا مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ السِّنِينَ، فَإِذَا رَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ مَالَهُ، قُلْتُ: قَدْ أَتَى عَلَيْهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَإِنْ شَاءَ زَكَّى، وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَزَكَّ \" ⦗٧٠⦘\n\n٨٠٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كَانَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ لَا يَرَى زَكَاةً، لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِالْإِحْصَاءِ، لِأَنَّ مَنْ لَمْ تَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ زَكَاةٌ لَا يؤْمَرُ بِإِحْصَاءِ السِّنِينَ، كَمَا لَمْ يَأْمُرِ الصَّبِيَّ بِإِحْصَاءِ سِنِّهِ فِي صِغَرِهِ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَلَكِنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَ يَرَى عَلَيْهِ الزَّكَاةَ، وَكَانَ لَا يَرَى أَنْ يُزَكِّيَهَا الْوَلِيُّ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: لَيْسَ فِي مَالِ الصَّبِيِّ زَكَاةٌ،\n\n٨٠٢٩ - وَضَعَّفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وَقَالَ: مَعَ أَنَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ، أَحَدِهِمَا أَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَأَنَّ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ لَيْسَ بِحَافِظٍ،\n\n٨٠٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ،\n\n٨٠٣١ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ، لِأَنَّ مُجَاهِدًا لَمْ يَلْقَ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرَوَاهُ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ غَيْرُ حَافَظٍ كَثِيرُ الْخَطَأِ","vol":"6","page":69},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-481>زَكَاةُ مَالِ الْعَبْدِ، وَالْمُكَاتَبِ</span>\n٨٠٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: «لَيْسَ فِي مَالِ الْعَبْدِ زَكَاةٌ»\n\n٨٠٣٣ - وَرَوَى فِيهِ أَثَرًا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي مَالِ الْعَبْدِ زَكَاةٌ»","vol":"6","page":71},{"text":"٨٠٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِي مَالِ الْعَبْدِ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يُعْتَقَ».\n\n٨٠٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَوْلَا الِاسْتِدْلَالُ بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي: «مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ مَالٌ، فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ» وَإنْ تَنَافَى الْخَبَرُ أَنَّ مَالَ الْعَبْدِ لِمَالِكِ الْعَبْدِ دُونَ الْعَبْدِ، لَقُلْتُ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٨٠٣٦ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَالْمُكَاتَبُ مُخَالِفٌ لَهُ، لِأَنِّي لَمْ أَرَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ اخْتِلَافًا فِي أَنَّ مَالَ الْمُكَاتَبِ مَمْنُوعٌ مِنْ سَيِّدِهِ، وَأَنَّ الْمُكَاتَبَ مَمْنُوعٌ مِنْ فَسَادِ مَالِهِ، فَلَيْسَ هُوَ كَمَالِ عَبْدِهِ، فَلَا أَرَى فِي مَالِ الْمُكَاتَبِ زَكَاةً، وَهَكَذَا أَحْفَظُ، عَنْ بَعْضِ مِنْ لَقِيتُ، وَبِهَذَا جَاءَ الْأَثَرُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n٨٠٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَوْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي مَالِ الْمُكَاتَبِ زَكَاةٌ» ⦗٧٢⦘\n\n٨٠٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «لَيْسَ فِي مَالِ الْمُكَاتَبِ زَكَاةٌ».\n\n٨٠٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ، قَدْ رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٨٠٤٠ - ورُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n٨٠٤١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ رَفَعُهُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَسْرُوقٍ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَابْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَمَكْحُولٍ\n\n٨٠٤٢ - وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: أَعَلَى الْمَمْلُوكِ زَكَاةٌ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا»، فَقُلْتُ: هِيَ عَلَى مِنْ؟ فَقَالَ: «عَلَى مَالِكِهِ»\n\n٨٠٤٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «فِي مَالِ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ زَكَاةٌ»","vol":"6","page":71},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-482>بَابُ الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ</span>","vol":"6","page":73},{"text":"٨٠٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ:  «أَخْذُ الصَّدَقَةِ كُلَّ عَامٍ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ».\n\n٨٠٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عَلِمْتُهُ فِي كُلِّ صَدَقَةِ مَاشِيَةٍ، وَغَيْرِهَا لَيْسَتْ مِمَّا تَخْرُجُ الْأَرْضُ","vol":"6","page":74},{"text":"٨٠٤٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «لَا تَجِبُ فِي مَالٍ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ»","vol":"6","page":74},{"text":"٨٠٤٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ قَالَ: «لَمْ يَكُنْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالٍ زَكَاةً حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ»\n\n٨٠٤٨ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، مَوْلَى الزُّبَيْرِ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُكَاتَبٍ، لَهُ قَاطَعَهُ بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ، هَلْ عَلَيْهِ زَكَاةٌ؟ فَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: «إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالٍ زَكَاةً حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ» ⦗٧٥⦘\n\n٨٠٤٩ - قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: \" وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا أَعْطَى النَّاسَ أُعْطِيَاتِهِمْ، يَسْأَلُ الرَّجُلَ: «هَلْ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ مَالٍ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ؟»، فَإِنْ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَخَذَ مِنْ عَطَائِهِ زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ قَالَ: لَا، دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ عَطَاءَهُ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا \".\n\n٨٠٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِطُولِهِ،\n\n٨٠٥١ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"6","page":74},{"text":"٨٠٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنَ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتَ قُدَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهَا قَالَ: \" كُنْتُ إِذَا جِئْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ أَقْبِضُ مِنْهُ عَطَائِي، سَأَلَنِي: هَلْ عِنْدَكِ مِنْ مَالٍ وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ؟ فَإِنْ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، أَخَذَ مِنْ عَطَائِي زَكَاةَ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ، وَإِنْ قُلْتُ: لَا دَفَعَ إِلَيَّ عَطَائِي \"","vol":"6","page":75},{"text":"٨٠٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ:  «أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَخَذَ مِنَ الْأَعْطِيَةِ الزَّكَاةَ مُعَاوِيَةُ»","vol":"6","page":75},{"text":"٨٠٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ ⦗٧٦⦘: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ هُبَيْرَةَ بْنِ يَرِيمَ قَالَ: «كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُعْطِينَا الْعَطَاءَ فِي زِبْلِ صِغَارٍ، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهَا زَكَاةً».\n\n٨٠٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: لَا زَكَاةَ فِي مَالٍ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ، وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْعَطَاءِ، وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَأْخُذُ مِنَ الْعَطَاءِ زَكَاةً، وَعَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِذَلِكَ \"\n\n٨٠٥٦ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: فَإِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُونَهُ يَوْمَ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِمْ","vol":"6","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-483>بَعْثُ السُّعَاةِ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ، وَأَخْذُ الْمَاشِيَةِ عَلَى مِيَاهِ أَهْلِهَا</span>","vol":"6","page":77},{"text":"٨٠٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: «إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ ﵄ لَمْ يَكُونَا يَأْخُذَانِ الصَّدَقَةَ مُنْسَأَةً، وَلَكِنْ يَبْعَثَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا فِي الْحَضَبِ وَالْجَدْبِ وَالسِّمَنِ وَالْعَجْفِ، لِأَنَّ أَخْذَهَا فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُنَّةٌ»\n\n٨٠٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ «الْقَدِيمِ» بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا، وَزَادَ: وَلَا يَضُمُّونَهَا أَهْلَهَا، وَلَا يؤَخِّرُونَ أَخْذَهَا عَنْ كُلِّ عَامٍ\n\n٨٠٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ أَخَّرَ الصَّدَقَةَ عَامَ الرَّمَادَةِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ مُصَدِّقًا فَأَخَذَ عِقَالَيْنِ عِقَالَيْنِ»، وَلَيْسَ بِالثَّابِتِ","vol":"6","page":77},{"text":"٨٠٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ قَالَ: أَخَّرَ عُمَرُ الصَّدَقَةَ عَامَ الرَّمَادَةِ، فَلَمَّا أُحْيِيَ النَّاسُ بَعَثَنِي، فَقَالَ: «اعْقِلْ عَلَيْهِمْ عِقَالَيْنِ، فَاقْسِمْ فِيهِمْ عِقَالًا وَأْتِنِي بِالْآخَرَ»،\n\n٨٠٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَازِرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، أَوْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُ عَبَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ.\n\n٨٠٦٢ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: فَهَذَا شَاهِدٌ أَنَّ الْعِقَالَ صَدَقَةُ عَامٍ.\n\n٨٠٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ابْنُ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ هَذَا هُوَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، وَهَذَا إِسْنَادُهُ مَوْصُولٌ، وَكَأنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ اتَّقَى حَدِيثَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ حِينَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ سَمَاعَهُ.\n\n٨٠٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَيْضًا مُرْسَلٌ، وَلَكِنَّ السُّنَّةَ أَخْذُهَا فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ، وَالْأَمْرُ الَّذِي سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَإِذَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّدَقَةَ فَكَانَ وَقْتُهَا السَّنَةَ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ تَأْخِيرُهَا، عَنْ وَقْتِهَا\n\n٨٠٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يُؤْخَذُ صَدَقَاتُ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ عَلَى مِيَاهِهِمْ، وَأَفْنِيَتِهِمْ»","vol":"6","page":78},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-484>كَيْفَ تُعَدُّ الْمَاشِيَةُ</span>؟","vol":"6","page":79},{"text":"٨٠٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" حَضَرْتُ عَمِّي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَاتِ، فَحَضَرْتُهُ يَأْمُرُ بِالْحِظَارِ فَيُحْظَرُ، وَيَأْمُرُ قَوْمًا فَيَكْتُبُونَ أَهْلَ السُّهْمَانِ، ثُمَّ يَقِفُ رِجَالٌ دُونَ الْحِظَارِ قَلِيلًا، ثُمَّ تُسَرَّبُ الْغَنَمُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالْحِظَارِ، فَتَمُرُّ الْغَنَمُ سِرَاعًا وَاحِدَةً وَاثْنَتَيْنِ، وَفِي يَدِيَ الَّذِي يَعُدُّهَا عَصًا يُشِيرُ بِهَا، وَيَعُدُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَصَاحِبُ الْمَالِ يَتْبَعُهُ، ثُمَّ فَإِنْ أَخْطَأَ أَمَرَهُ بِالْإِعَادَةِ، حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَا عَلَى عَدَدٍ، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ مَا يَسْأَلُ رَبَّ الْمَالِ: هَلْ لَهُ غَنَمٌّ غَيْرُهَا؟ أَحْضِرْهُ فَيَذْهَبُ بِمَا أَخَذَ إِلَى الْمِيسَمِ فَيُوسَمُ بِمَيْسَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ، ثُمَّ يَسِيرُ إِلَى الْحَظِيرَةِ، حَتَّى يُحْصِيَ مَا يُؤْخَذُ فِي الْمُجَمَّعِ، ثُمَّ يُفَرِّقُهَا بِقَدْرِ مَا يَرَى \"","vol":"6","page":79},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-485>بَابُ تَعْجِيلِ الصَّدَقَةِ: الِاسْتِسْلَافِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَقضَائِهِ مِنْ سُهْمَانِهِمْ</span>","vol":"6","page":80},{"text":"٨٠٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَسْلَفَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَكْرًا، فَجَاءَتْهُ إِبِلٌ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْضِيَهَ إِيَّاهُ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":80},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-486>تَعْجِيلُ الزَّكَاةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":81},{"text":"٨٠٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا، فَبَدَأَ بِالْمَتَاعِ قَبْلَ السَّرَاحِ\n\n٨٠٦٩ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الْكَفَّارَاتِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»،\n\n٨٠٧٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَدَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَحْلِفُونَ فَيَكْفُرُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحْنِثُوا ⦗٨٢⦘\n\n٨٠٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَسَنَأْتِي عَلَى ذِكْرِ أَسَانِيدِ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ فِي كِتَابِ الْأَيْمَانِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"6","page":81},{"text":"٨٠٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا أَدْرِي أَثْبَتَ أَمْ لَا: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَسَلَّفَ صَدَقَةَ مَالِ الْعَبَّاسِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِلَّ»،\n\n٨٠٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السَّامِيُّ ح","vol":"6","page":82},{"text":"٨٠٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ حُجَيَّةَ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «أَنَّ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِي تَعْجِيلِ صَدَقَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِلَّ، فَرَخَّصَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ»","vol":"6","page":82},{"text":"٨٠٧٥ - هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدِ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَى الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَلَفْظِهِ، وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ⦗٨٣⦘، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ فِي قِصَّةِ الصَّدَقَاتِ: «إِنَّا كُنَّا تَعَجَّلْنَا صَدَقَةَ مَالِ الْعَبَّاسِ لِعَامِنَا هَذَا، عَامَ أَوَّلٍ»","vol":"6","page":82},{"text":"٨٠٧٦ - وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ آخِرَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ مُرْسَلٌ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شُعَيْبَ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ السَّرَّاجُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَعْينُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بنُ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَعْمَشَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّا تَعَجَّلْنَا مِنَ الْعَبَّاسِ صَدَقَةَ زَكَاةِ الْعَامِ، عَامِ الْأَوَّلِ»،\n\n٨٠٧٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ: «اسْتَلَفْنَا»،\n\n٨٠٧٨ - وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، بَيْنَ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، وَبَيْنَ عَلِيٍّ، وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ","vol":"6","page":83},{"text":"٨٠٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ، عَنْ وَرْقَاءَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ، فَمَنَعَ ابْنُ جَمِيلٍ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ، فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ ﷺ: «مَا يَنْقِمُ ابْنُ جَمِيلٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَأَغْنَاهُ اللَّهُ، وَأَمَّا خَالِدٌ فَإِنَّكُمْ تَظْلِمُونَ خَالِدًا، فَقَدِ احْتَبَسَ أَدْرَاعَهُ وَأَعْتَادَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَأَمَّا الْعَبَّاسُ عَمُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٨٤⦘ فَهِيَ عَلَيَّ وَمِثْلُهَا»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَا شَعَرْتَ أَنَّ عَمَّ الرَّجُلِ صِنْوُ الْأَبِ، أَوْ صِنْوُ أَبِيهِ؟». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَرْقَاءَ\n\n٨٠٨٠ - وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَى أَبِي الزِّنَادِ فِي لَفْظِهِ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي صَحَّحَهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَشْبَهُ بِمَا رُوِّينَاهُ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى","vol":"6","page":83},{"text":"٨٠٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَبْعَثُ بِزَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ إِلَى الَّذِي تَجَمَّعَ عِنْدَهُ قَبْلَ الْفِطْرِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ»","vol":"6","page":84},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-487>بَابُ النِّيَّةِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، وَأَدَاءِ مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِعَيْنِهِ </span>⦗٨٦⦘\n٨٠٨٢ - قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ».\n\n٨٠٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «لَمَّا كَانَ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَرَضٌ وَتَطَوُّعٌ، لَمْ يَجُزْ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ تُجْزِئَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَكَاةٌ يَتَوَلَّى قِسَمْتَهَا إِلَّا بِنِيَّةِ أَنَّهُ فَرْضٌ»\n\n٨٠٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكُلُّ صِنْفٍ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ بِعَيْنِهِ لَا يُجْزِئُ أَنْ يُؤَدَّى عَنْهُ إِلَّا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِعَيْنِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مَوْجُودًا","vol":"6","page":85},{"text":"٨٠٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمَّا بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ: «خُذِ الْحَبَّ مِنَ الْحَبِّ، وَالشَّاةَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، وَالْبَعِيرَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَالْبَقَرَةَ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ».\n\n٨٠٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":86},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-488>بَابُ مَا يُسْقِطُ الصَّدَقَةَ عَنِ الْمَاشِيَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":87},{"text":"٨٠٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ كَذَا»، وَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا يَثْبُتُ، فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِي غَيْرِ السَّائِمَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ ⦗٨٨⦘\n\n٨٠٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ وَفِي حَدِيثِ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذي كَتَبَهُ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ﵁ فِي فَرِيضَةِ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ: فِيهِ: «وَصَدَّقَةُ الْغَنَمِ فِي سَائِمَتِهَا»\n\n٨٠٨٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ: كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِكِتَابٍ، وَفِيهِ: «فِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ سَائِمَةٍ شَاةٌ إِلَى أَنْ يَبْلُغَ أَرْبَعًا وَعِشْرِينَ»، وَفِيهِ: «وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً سَائِمَةً شَاةٌ إِلَى أَنْ يَبْلُغَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً»\n\n٨٠٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَيُرْوَى، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنْ لَيْسَ فِي الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ الْعَوَامِلِ صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"6","page":87},{"text":"٨٠٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الْكَاتِبُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْإِبِلِ الْعَوَامِلِ، وَلَا فِي الْبَقَرِ الْعَوَامِلِ صَدَقَةٌ»،\n\n٨٠٩٢ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، مَوْقُوفًا","vol":"6","page":88},{"text":"٨٠٩٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وَعَنِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ زُهَيْرٌ: أَحْسَبُهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «هَاتُوا رُبْعَ الْعُشْرِ» فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «فِي الْبَقَرِ فِي كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ تَبِيعٌ، وَفِي الْأَرْبَعِينَ مُسِنَّةٌ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَوَامِلِ شَيْءٌ»\n\n٨٠٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ عَلَى مُثِيرِ الْأَرْضِ زَكَاةٌ»\n\n٨٠٩٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا صَدَقَةَ فِي الْبَقَرِ الْعَوَامِلِ»","vol":"6","page":89},{"text":"٨٠٩٦ - أخبرنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَقَدْ كَانَتِ النَّوَاضِحُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ خُلَفَائِهِ، فَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا رَوَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ مِنْهَا صَدَقَةً وَلَا أَحَدًا مِنْ خُلَفَائِهِ، وَلَا أَشُكَّ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ قَدْ كَانَ يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ الْخُمُسُ وَأَكْثَرُ».\n\n٨٠٩٧ - قَالَ: وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ كَذَا\n\n٨٠٩٨ - وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ فِي السَّائِمَةِ دُونَ غَيْرِهَا ⦗٩٠⦘\n\n٨٠٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ\n\n٨١٠٠ - وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْبَقَرِ الْعَوَامِلِ صَدَقَةٌ إِذَا كَانَتْ فِي مِصْرٍ»","vol":"6","page":89},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-489>لَا صَدَقَةَ فِي الْخَيْلِ</span>","vol":"6","page":91},{"text":"٨١٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فِي عَبْدِهِ وَلَا فَرَسِهِ صَدَقَةٌ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ⦗٩٢⦘،\n\n٨١٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٨١٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَاهُ،\n\n٨١٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أُسَامَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨١٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ عِرَاكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مِثْلَهُ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"6","page":91},{"text":"٨١٠٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ⦗٩٣⦘ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْبَرَاذِينَ؟ فَقَالَ: وَهَلْ فِي الْخَيْلِ صَدَقَةٌ؟ \"\n\n٨١٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي بَعْضِ طُرُقِ حَدِيثِ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْخَيْلِ وَالرَّقِيقِ زَكَاةٌ إِلَّا زَكَاةُ الْفِطْرِ فِي الرَّقِيقِ»","vol":"6","page":92},{"text":"٨١٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ، قَالُوا لِأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ: خُذْ مِنْ خَيْلِنَا، وَمَنْ رَقِيقِنَا صَدَقَةً، فَأَبَى، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَأَبَى، ثُمَّ كَلَّمُوهُ أَيْضًا، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «إِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَخُذْهَا مِنْهُمْ وَارْدُدْهَا عَلَيْهِمْ»\n\n٨١٠٩ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: يَعْنِي: رُدَّهَا عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ،\n\n٨١١٠ - زَادَ فِيهِ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَارْزُقْ رَقِيقَهُمْ","vol":"6","page":93},{"text":"٨١١١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ ⦗٩٤⦘ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ فِي الْفَرَسِ شَاتَانِ، أَوْ عَشْرَةٌ، أَوْ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَمًا»\n\n٨١١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَفِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى، عَنْ عُمَرَ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ أَمْرَهُ، بِالْأَخْذِ مِنْهَا كَانَ لِمَسْأَلَتِهِمْ لَا عَلَى الْإِيجَابِ،\n\n٨١١٣ - وَرَوَى حَارِثَةُ بْنُ مُضَرِّبٍ، مَجِيءَ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ إِلَى عُمَرَ، وقَوْلَهُمْ: إِنَّا قَدْ أَصَبْنَا خَيْلًا وَرَقِيقًا، نُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا فِيهَا زَكَاةٌ وَطَهُورٌ، فَاسْتَشَارَ عَلِيًّا فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: هُوَ حَسَنٌ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ جِزْيَةً يُؤْخَذُونَ بِهَا رَاتِبَةً،\n\n٨١١٤ - وَرُوِّينَا قَوْلَنَا أَيْضًا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٨١١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وَالْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «عَفَوْتُ لَكُمْ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْخَيْلِ، وَالرَّقِيقِ، فَهَلُمُّوا صَدَقَةَ الرِّقَّةِ»","vol":"6","page":93},{"text":"٨١١٦ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ ⦗٩٥⦘، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «تَجَاوَزْتُ لَكُمْ، عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْخَيْلِ وَالرَّقِيقِ»،\n\n٨١١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n٨١١٨ - وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى مَا مَضَى","vol":"6","page":94},{"text":"٨١١٩ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْإِصْطَخْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْأَزْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يُوسُفَ، عَنْ غُورَكِ بْنِ الْحِضْرِمِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فِي الْخَيْلِ السَّائِمَةِ فِي كُلِّ فَرَسٍ دِينَارٌ»،\n\n٨١٢٠ - فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ عَنْهُ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ غُورَكٌ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا ⦗٩٦⦘\n\n٨١٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَوْ كَانَ صَحِيحًا عِنْدَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ لَمْ نُخَالِفْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"6","page":95},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-490>بَابُ زَكَاةِ الثِّمَارِ</span>","vol":"6","page":97},{"text":"٨١٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ الْمَازِنِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"6","page":98},{"text":"٨١٢٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ»، قَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ رِوَايَتَيْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ⦗٩٩⦘،\n\n٨١٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَلَيْسَ يُرْوَى مِنْ وَجْهٍ يَثْبُتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ،\n\n٨١٢٥ - وَإِذَا كَانَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ خَبَرٌ وَاحِدٌ، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَبُولَ خَبَرٍ وَاحِدٍ بِمِثْلِهِ حَيْثُ كَانَ","vol":"6","page":98},{"text":"٨١٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ فِي بَابٍ اتَّفَقَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَخَذْنَا نَحْنُ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهَذَا، وَخَالَفَنَا فِيهِ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ\n\n٨١٢٧ - فَقَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﵇: ﴿خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٣]،\n\n٨١٢٨ - وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ الْعُشْرُ»\n\n٨١٢٩ - لَمْ يُخَصِّصِ اللَّهُ مَالًا دُونَ مَالٍ، وَلَمُ يُخَصِّصْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَالًا دُونَ مَالٍ،\n\n٨١٣٠ - فَأَخَذْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي يُوَافِقُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَالْقِيَاسَ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n٨١٣١ - وَقُلْتُ: لَا يَكُونُ مَالٌ فِيهِ صَدَقَةٌ، وَآخَرُ لَا صَدَقَةَ فِيهِ، فَكُلُّ مَا أَخْرَجَتِ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، وَإِنْ حِزْمَةَ بَقْلً، فَفِيهِ الْعُشْرُ،\n\n٨١٣٢ - فَكَانَتْ حَجَّتِنَا عَلَيْهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمُبَيِّنَ عَنِ اللَّهِ مَعْنَى مَا أَرَادَ ⦗١٠٠⦘، أَبَانَ مَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ دُونَ مَا لَمْ يُرَدَّ، وَأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ عُشْرٌ» جُمْلَةٌ، وَالْمُفَسَّرُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى الْجُمْلَةِ،\n\n٨١٣٣ - وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَحْتَجُّ عَنْهُ فَيَقُولُ كَلَامًا يُرِيدُ بِهِ: قَدْ قَامَ بِالْأَمْرِ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَأَخَذُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فِي الْبُلْدَانِ أَخْذًا عَامًا، وَزَمَانًا طَوِيلًا، فَمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُمْ، وَلَا عَنْ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ»،\n\n٨١٣٤ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَلِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ عُهُودٌ مَا هَذَا فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا، وَمَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ\n\n٨١٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ حُجَّتُنَا عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ الْمُحَدِّثَ بِهِ لَمَّا كَانَ ثِقَةً اكْتُفِيَ بِخَبَرِهِ، وَلَمُ نَرُدَّهُ بِتَأْوِيلٍ، وَلَا بِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْوِهِ غَيْرُهُ، وَلَا بِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُرْوَ، عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ بِمِثْلِهِ اكْتِفَاءً بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمَّا دُونَهَا، وَبِأَنَّهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ مَنْصُوصَةً بَيِّنَةً لَمْ يَدْخُلْ عَلَيْهَا تَأْوِيلُ كِتَابٍ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى الْكِتَابِ، وَلَا تَأْوِيلَ حَدِيثٍ جُمْلَةً يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُوَافِقَ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْمَنْصُوصِ وَيُخَالِفَهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا احْتَمَلَ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لَهُ، وَلَا يَكُونُ مُخَالِفًا لَهُ فِيهِ، وَلَمُ يُوهِنْهُ أَنْ لَمْ يَرْوِهِ إِلَّا وَاحِدٌ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ ثِقَةً\n\n٨١٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَا رَوَى أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ ⦗١٠١⦘،\n\n٨١٣٧ - وَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْلُغِ الشَّافِعِيَّ أَوْ بَلَغَهُ، فَلَمْ يَعْتَدَّ بِهِ، إِذْ لَمْ يَقْوَ قُوَّةَ إِسْنَادِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ،\n\n٨١٣٨ - وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى دِعَامَةٍ،\n\n٨١٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ، يَقُولُ: وَسُئِلَ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى دِعَامَةٍ\n\n٨١٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا ذَهَبَ الْبُخَارِيُّ،\n\n٨١٤١ - وَأَمَّا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فَإِنَّهُ احْتَجَّ بِأَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، وَأَخْرَجَ حَدِيثَهُ هَذَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n٨١٤٢ - وَهُوَ أَهْلٌ أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهِ، لِمَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ","vol":"6","page":99},{"text":"٨١٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗١٠٢⦘، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِكِتَابٍ، فَذَكَرَ فِيهِ «مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ الْعُشْرِ فِي الْعَقَارِ، وَكَتَبَ مَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ، أَوْ كَانَ سَيْحًا، أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلًا، فَفِيهِ الْعُشْرُ، إِذَا بَلَغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ، وَمَا سُقِيَ بِالرِّشَاءِ وَالدَّالِيَةِ، فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ إِذَا بَلَغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ».\n\n٨١٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨١٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَالْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعًا بِصَاعِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَلِكَ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ صَاعٍ بِصَاعِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالصَّاعُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَمْدَادٍ بِمُدِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي\n\n٨١٤٦ - قَالَ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: وَالصَّاعُ خَمْسَةُ أَرْطَالٍ وَثُلُثٌ، وَزِيَادَةُ شَيْءٍ أَوْ نُقْصَانُهُ،\n\n٨١٤٧ - وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ: الصَّاعُ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَرْطَالٍ،\n\n٨١٤٨ - فَكَانَتْ حُجَّتُهُ أَنْ قَالَ: قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: وَجَدْنَا صَاعَ عُمَرَ حِجَاجِيًّا\n\n٨١٤٩ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ غُيِّرَ الْمِكْيَالُ عَلَى عَهْدِ عُمَرَ فَأَرَادَ رَدَّهُ، فَكَأَنَّهُ نَسِيَهُ\n\n٨١٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَيُؤْخَذُ هَذَا بِالتَّوَهُّمِ،\n\n٨١٥١ - وَصَاعُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بُيُوتِ أَزْوَاجِهِ، وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ⦗١٠٣⦘، وَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَهْلَ الثِّقَةِ يَتَوَارَثُونَهُ، وَقَلَّ بَيْتٌ إِلَّا، وَهُوَ فِيهِ، فَهُوَ كَمَا وَصَفْنَا، فَكَيْفَ جَازَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ عَلَيْنَا فِي عِلْمِهِ بِالتَّوَهُّمِ؟\n\n٨١٥٢ - وَلَئِنْ جَازَ هَذَا لَتَجَوَّزَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: لَيْسَ ذُو الْحُلَيْفَةِ حَيْثُ زَعَمْتُمْ، وَلَا الْجُحْفَةُ، وَلَا قَرْنٌ، وَأَنَّ عِلْمَ الْمِكْيَالِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ لَأعَمُّ مِنْ بَعْضِ عَلِمِ هَذَا،\n\n٨١٥٣ - فَرَجَعَ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَقَالَ: مَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُدْخَلَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي عِلْمِ هَذَا،\n\n٨١٥٤ - وَثَبَتْ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ: بِهِ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَرْطَالٍ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِالَّذِي حَكَيْنَاهُ","vol":"6","page":101},{"text":"٨١٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ الْعَامِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْمِيزَانُ عَلَى مِيزَانِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، وَالْمِكْيَالُ عَلَى مِكْيَالِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ»","vol":"6","page":103},{"text":"٨١٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا أَبُو يُوسُفَ مِنَ الْحَجِّ، فَأَتَيْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي ⦗١٠٤⦘ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَفْتَحَ عَلَيْكُمْ بَابًا مِنَ الْعِلْمِ هَمَّنِي تَفَحَّصْتُ عَنْهُ، فَقَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَسَأَلْتُ عَنِ الصَّاعِ، فَقَالُوا: صَاعُنَا هَذَا صَاعُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قُلْتُ لَهُمْ: مَا حُجَّتُكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالُوا: نَأْتِيكَ بِالْحُجَّةِ عِنْدَنَا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ أَتَانِي نَحْوَ خَمْسِينَ شَيْخًا مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، مَعَ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمُ الصَّاعُ تَحْتَ رِدَائِهِ، كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ يُخْبِرُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَوْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ: أَنَّ هَذَا صَاعُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنَظَرْتُ، فَإِذَا هِيَ سَوَاءٌ قَالَ: فَعَيَّرْتُهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ خَمْسَةُ أَرْطَالٍ وَثُلُثٌ بِنُقْصَانٍ مَعَهُ يَسِيرٍ، فَرَأَيْتُ أَمْرًا قَوِيًّا، فَتَرَكَتُ قَوْلَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فِي الصَّاعِ، وَأَخَذْتُ بِقَوْلِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ \"","vol":"6","page":103},{"text":"٨١٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ، يَقُولُ: «عَيَّرتُ صَاعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَوَجَدْتُهُ خَمْسَةَ أَرْطَالٍ وَثُلُثَ رَطْلٍ بِالتَّمْرِ»\n\n٨١٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ مَرْفُوعًا، وَالْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ مَخْتُومًا، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «سِتُّونَ صَاعًا»،\n\n٨١٥٩ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَطَاءٍ\n\n٨١٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ فِي فِدْيَةِ الْأَذَى: «أَطْعِمْ فَرَقًا بَيْنَ سِتَّةِ مَسَاكِينَ»،\n\n٨١٦١ - وَالْفَرَقُ: ثَلَاثَةُ آصُعٍ، وَمَشْهُورٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ أَنَّ الْفَرَقَ: سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ رِطْلًا، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّاعَ خَمْسَةُ أَرْطَالٍ وَثُلُثٌ","vol":"6","page":105},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-491>مَا لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ خَيْرًا مِنْهُ</span>","vol":"6","page":106},{"text":"٨١٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، زَادَ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَسَقَطَ ذِكْرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ كِتَابِ «الْجَدِيدِ» قَالَ: \" لَا يُخْرَجُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ: الْجُعْرُورُ، وَلَا مِعَى الْفَأْرَةِ، وَلَا عِذْقُ ابْنِ حُبَيْقٍ \"","vol":"6","page":106},{"text":"٨١٦٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" لَا يَخْرُجُ فِي صَدَقَةِ النَّخْلِ: الْجُعْرُورُ، وَلَا مُصْرَانُ الْفَأْرَةِ، وَلَا عِذْقُ ابْنِ حُبَيْقٍ \"،\n\n٨١٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا تَمْرٌ رَدِيءٌ جِدًّا، وَيُتْرَكُ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَائِطِ جَيِّدُ التَّمْرِ مِنَ الْبُرْدِيِّ الْكَبِيسِ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَيُؤْخَذُ وَسَطُ التَّمْرِ ⦗١٠٧⦘\n\n٨١٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٨١٦٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"6","page":106},{"text":"٨١٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَالسَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ لَوْنَيْنِ مِنَ التَّمْرٍ: الْجُعْرُورِ، وَلَوْنِ الْحُبَيْقِ \"\n\n٨١٦٨ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ نَاسٌ يَتَيَمَّمُونَ شَرَّ ثِمَارِهِمْ، فيُخْرِجُونَهَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، فَنُهُوا عَنْ لَوْنَيْنِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ، وَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٦٧]","vol":"6","page":107},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-492>بَابُ كَيْفَ يُؤْخَذُ زَكَاةِ النَّخْلِ وَالْعِنَبِ</span>؟","vol":"6","page":108},{"text":"٨١٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ التَّمَّارِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗١٠٩⦘، عَنْ عَتَّابِ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِي زَكَاةِ الْكَرْمِ يُخْرَصُ كَمَا يُخْرَصُ النَّخْلُ، ثُمَّ تُؤَدَّى زَكَاتُهُ زَبِيبًا، كَمَا تُؤَدَّى زَكَاةُ النَّخْلِ تَمْرًا»","vol":"6","page":108},{"text":"٨١٧٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ يَخْرُصُ عَلَى النَّاسِ كُرُومَهُمْ، وَثِمَارَهُمْ»\n\n٨١٧١ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَحْسَبُ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَرْصِ النَّخْلِ وَالْعِنَبِ لِشَيْئَيْنِ: أَحَدِهِمَا، أَنْ لَيْسَ لِأَهْلِهِ مَنَعُ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنْهُ وَأَنَّهُمْ مَالِكُونَ لِتِسْعَةِ أَعْشَارِهِ، وَعُشْرُهُ لِأَهْلِ السُّهْمَانِ،\n\n٨١٧٢ - وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْ مَنْفَعَةِ أَهْلِهِ بِهِ إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ إِذَا كَانَ رُطَبًا وَعِنَبًا، لِأَنَّهُ أَغْلَى ثَمَنًا مِنْهُ تَمْرًا أَوْ زَبِيبًا، فَلَوْ مَنَعُوهُ رُطَبًا أَوْ عِنَبًا لِيُؤْخَذَ عُشْرُهُ أَضَرَّ بِهِمْ، وَلَوْ تَرَكَ خَرْصَهُ، ضَيَّعَ حَقَّ أَهْلِ السُّهْمَانِ فِيهِ فَإِنَّهُ يُؤْخَذُ، وَلَا يُحْصَى، فَخُرِصَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَخُلِّيَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ لِلرِّفْقِ بِهِمْ، وَالِاحْتِيَاطِ لِأَهْلِ السُّهْمَانِ","vol":"6","page":109},{"text":"٨١٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ⦗١١٠⦘، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِيَهُودِ خَيْبَرَ حِينَ افْتَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ: «أُقِرُّكُمْ فِيهَا مَا أَقَرَّكُمُ اللَّهُ ﷿، عَلَى أَنَّ الثَّمَرَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ» قَالَ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَبْعَثُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ، فَيَخْرُصُ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ شِئْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَلِي، فَكَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَهُ»","vol":"6","page":109},{"text":"٨١٧٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَبْعَثُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ، فَيَخْرُصُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ يَهُودَ»،\n\n٨١٧٥ - وَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى هَذَا فِي «الْجَدِيدِ»، وَرَوَاهُ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»، وَزَادَ: فَيَخْرُصُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ يَهُودِ خَيْبَرَ، فَجَمَعُوا لَهُ حُلِيًّا مِنْ حُلِيِّ نِسَائِهِمْ، فَقَالُوا: هَذَا لَكَ، وَخَفَّفْ عَنَّا، وَتَجَاوَزْ فِي الْقَسْمِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، وَاللَّهِ إِنَّكُمْ لَمِنْ أَبْغَضِ خَلَقِ اللَّهِ إِلَيَّ، وَمَا ذَلِكَ بِحَامِلِي أَنْ أَحِيفَ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَأَمَّا الَّذِي عَرَضْتُمْ مِنَ الرِّشْوَةِ، فَإِنَّهَا سُحْتٌ، وَإِنَّا لَا نَأْكُلُهَا، فَقَالُوا: بِهَذَا قَامَتِ السَّمَوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ،\n\n٨١٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ بُجَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨١٧٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى هَذَا، وَالَّذِي قَبْلَهُ فِي حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"6","page":110},{"text":"٨١٧٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَبْعَثُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ إِلَى الْيَهُودِ، فَيَخْرُصُ النَّخْلَ حِينَ يَطِيبُ أَوَّلُ التَّمْرِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ يُخْبِرُ يَهُودَ ⦗١١١⦘ يَأْخُذُونَهُ بِذَلِكَ الْخَرْصِ؟ أَمْ يَدْفَعُونَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ بِذَلِكَ الْخَرْصِ؟ لِكَيْ تُحْصَى الزَّكَاةُ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تُؤْكَلَ الثِّمَارُ وَتُفَرَّقَ».\n\n٨١٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: عَلِيٌّ: ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ صَاعِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ زَنْجُوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: وَهِيَ تَذْكُرُ شَأْنَ خَبِيرَ: وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَبْعَثُ بِابْنِ رَوَاحَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":110},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-493>مَنْ قَالَ: يُتْرَكُ لِرَبِّ الْحَائِطِ قَدْرُ مَا يَأْكُلُ هُوَ وأَهْلُهُ، وَمَا يُعْرَى الْمَسَاكِينُ مِنْهَا لَا يُخْرَصُ عَلَيْهِ</span>\n٨١٨٠ - ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ «الْبُوَيْطِيِّ»، وَفِي كِتَابِ «الْبُيُوعِ»، وَقَالَ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: ذَلِكَ عَلَى الِاجْتِهَادِ مِنَ الْخَارِصُ وَيُقَدِّرُ مَا يَرَى.\n\n٨١٨١ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: وَذَكَرَ مَعْمَرُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ لِلْخُرَّاصِ: «لَا تَخرُصُوا الْعَرَايَا»","vol":"6","page":112},{"text":"٨١٨٢ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ فُطَيْرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَخْرُصُ الْعَرَايَا، وَلَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَلَا عُمَرَ»\n\n٨١٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَانِ مُرْسَلَانِ، وَقَدُ رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مَوْصُولٌ،\n\n٨١٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ خُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ح","vol":"6","page":112},{"text":"٨١٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ الْجَلَّابُ، بِهَمْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِلَالُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الرَّقِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ⦗١١٣⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي خُبَيْبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ إِلَى مَسْجِدِنَا، فَحَدَّثَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا خَرَصْتُمْ، فَخُذُوا وَدَعُوا الثُّلُثَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَدَعُوا الثُّلُثَ فَدَعُوا الرُّبُعَ»،\n\n٨١٨٦ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَبِي دَاوُدَ: أَتَانَا سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ إِلَى مَجْلِسِنَا، أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ فِي السُّنَنِ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"6","page":112},{"text":"٨١٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: وَأَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَانَ يَبْعَثُ أَبَا حَثْمَةَ خَارِصًا يَخْرُصُ النَّخْلَ، فَيَأْمُرُهُ إِذَا وَجَدَ الْقَوْمَ فِي حَائِطِهِمْ أَنْ يَدَعَ لَهُمْ قَدْرَ مَا يَأْكُلُونَ لَا يَخْرُصُهُ»،\n\n٨١٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّيَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَشَمْرَدٍ، وَقَالُ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"6","page":113},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-494>مَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْأَشْجَارِ</span>","vol":"6","page":114},{"text":"٨١٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ غَيْرُ النَّخْلِ وَالْعِنَبِ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْهُمَا، وَكَانَا قُوتًا»","vol":"6","page":115},{"text":"٨١٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، حِينَ بَعَثَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ يُعَلِّمَانِ النَّاسَ أَمْرَ دِينِهِمْ: \" لَا تَأْخُذُوا الصَّدَقَةَ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ: الشَّعِيرِ، وَالْحِنْطَةِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ، وَالتَّمْرِ \"","vol":"6","page":115},{"text":"٨١٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ: «أَنَّهُمَا حِينَ بُعِثَا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ لَمْ يَأْخُذَا إِلَّا مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالتَّمْرِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ» ⦗١١٦⦘،\n\n٨١٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٨١٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ الْعُشْرُ، وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ»\n\n٨١٩٤ - وَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فِي التَّمْرِ، وَالْحِنْطَةِ، وَالْحُبُوبِ، فَأَمَّا الْقِثَّاءُ، وَالْبِطِّيخُ، وَالرُّمَّانُ، وَالْقَصَبُ، وَالْخُضَرُ فَعَفَا عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٨١٩٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَعَائِشَةَ، ﵃ أَنْ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْخَضْرَاوَاتِ صَدَقَةٌ» ⦗١١٧⦘،\n\n٨١٩٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ مَرْفُوعًا، وَرَفْعُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ","vol":"6","page":115},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-495>مَا وَرَدَ فِي الزَّيْتُونِ</span>","vol":"6","page":118},{"text":"٨١٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنِ الزَّيْتُونِ، فَقَالَ: «فِيهِ الْعُشْرُ»،\n\n٨١٩٨ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَإِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْعُشْرُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ زَيْتُونُهُ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ\n\n٨١٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: فِيهِ الْعَشْرُ إِذَا بَلَغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ حَبُّهُ، عَصَرَهُ، وَأَخَذَ عُشْرَ زَيْتِهِ،\n\n٨٢٠٠ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرَاوِيهِ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٨٢٠١ - وَحَدِيثُ مُعَاذِ وَأَبِي مُوسَى أَصَحُّ","vol":"6","page":118},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-496>مَا وَرَدَ فِي الْوَرْسِ</span>\n٨٢٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ: «أَنَّ أَهْلَ حُفَاشٍ أَخْرَجُوا كِتَابًا مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ﵀ فِي قِطْعَةٍ مِنْ أَدِيمٍ إِلَيْهِمْ، يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِأَنْ يُؤَدُّوا عُشْرَ الْوَرْسِ»،\n\n٨٢٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا أَدْرِي، أَثَابِتٌ هَذَا؟ وَهُوَ يُعْمَلُ بِهِ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا عُشِّرَ قَلِيلُهُ وَكَثِيرُهُ\n\n٨٢٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَمْ يَثْبُتْ فِي هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ يَقُومِ بِمِثْلِهِ الْحُجَّةُ","vol":"6","page":119},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-497>مَا وَرَدَ فِي الْعَسَلِ</span>\n٨٢٠٥ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: الْحَدِيثُ فِي «أَنَّ فِي الْعَسَلِ الْعُشْرَ» ضَعِيفٌ، وَفِي أَنْ «لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْعُشْرُ» ضَعِيفٌ، وَلَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ\n\n٨٢٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَدِيثُ فِي أَنَّ فِيهِ الْعَشْرَ إِنَّمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗١٢١⦘،\n\n٨٢٠٧ - وَصَدَقَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا\n\n٨٢٠٨ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٨٢٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ أَبِي سَيَّارَةَ الْمُتُعِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي نَخْلًا قَالَ: «أَدِّ الْعُشْرَ» ⦗١٢٢⦘،\n\n٨٢١٠ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٨٢١١ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى لَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٨٢١٢ - وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحْرِزٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ: «أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنَ الْعَسَلِ الْعُشْرُ»،\n\n٨٢١٣ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحْرِزٍ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n٨٢١٤ - وَلَيْسَ فِي زَكَاةِ الْعَسَلِ شَيْءٌ يَصِحُّ،\n\n٨٢١٥ - وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: لَيْسَ فِي وجُوبِ صَدَقَةِ الْعَسَلِ حَدِيثٌ يَثْبُتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا إِجْمَاعٌ، فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ\n\n٨٢١٦ - قَالَ: وَرُوِّينَا ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ","vol":"6","page":120},{"text":"٨٢١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ قَالَ: قَدِمَتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَسْلَمْتُ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، اجْعَلْ لِقَوْمِي مَا أَسْلَمُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ قَالَ: فَفَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاسْتَعْمَلْنِي عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ اسْتَعْمَلَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ عُمَرُ قَالَ: وَكَانَ سَعْدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّرَاةِ قَالَ: فَكَلَّمَتُ قَوْمِي فِي الْعَسَلِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: زَكُّوهُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا خَيْرَ فِي ثَمَرَةٍ لَا تُزَكَّى، فَقَالُوا: كَمْ تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: الْعُشْرُ ⦗١٢٣⦘، فَأَخَذْتُ مِنْهُمُ الْعُشْرَ، فَأَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَا كَانَ قَالَ: فَقَبَضَهُ عُمَرُ، فَبَاعَهُ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ ثَمَنَهُ فِي صَدَقَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،\n\n٨٢١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَسَعْدُ بْنُ ذُبَابٍ يَحْكِي مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِأَخْذِ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنَ الْعَسَلِ، وَأَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ رَآهُ فَتَطَوَّعَ لَهُ بِهِ أَهْلُهُ.\n\n٨٢١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n٨٢٢٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الصَّلْتُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، عَنْ مُنِيرٍ هُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ،\n\n٨٢٢١ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَالِدُ مُنِيرٍ هَذَا لَا نَعْرِفُهُ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ لَمْ يَصِحَّ حَدِيثُهُ، وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: مُنِيرٌ هَذَا لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، كَذَا قَالَ:\n\n٨٢٢٢ - وَسُئِلَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالِدِ مُنِيرٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، يَصِحُّ حَدِيثُهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ","vol":"6","page":122},{"text":"٨٢٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: \" جَاءَ هِلَالٌ أَحَدُ بَنِي مُتْعَانَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُشْرِ نَحْلٍ لَهُ، وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ ⦗١٢٤⦘ يَحْمِيَ وَادِيًا، يُقَالُ لَهُ: سَلَبَةُ، فَحَمَاهُ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا وَلِي عُمَرُ، كَتَبَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إِنْ أُدِّيَ إِلَيْكَ مَا كَانَ يُؤَدِّي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عُشُورِ نَحْلِهِ، فَاحْمِ لَهُ سَلَبَةً، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ ذُبَابُ غَيْثٍ يَأْكُلُهُ مِنْ شَاءَ\n\n٨٢٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعْدَةَ الْجِيَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ أَعْيَنَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمِصْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٢٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ: أَنَّهُ أَتَى بِوَقَصِ الْبَقَرِ وَالْعَسَلِ، فَقَالَ: «كِلَاهُمَا لَمْ يَأْمُرْنِي فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ بِشَيْءٍ»،\n\n٨٢٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْعَسَلِ زَكَاةٌ»","vol":"6","page":123},{"text":"٨٢٢٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ كِتَابٌ مِنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِلَى أَبِي، وَهُوَ بِمِنًى: أَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ مِنَ الْخَيْلِ، وَلَا مِنَ الْعَسَلِ صَدَقَةٌ \"","vol":"6","page":124},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-498>بَابُ صَدَقَةِ الزَّرْعِ</span>","vol":"6","page":125},{"text":"٨٢٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا جُمِعَ أَنْ يَزْرَعَهُ الآدَمَيُّونَ، وَيُيَبَّسُ، وَيُدَّخَرُ، وَيُقْتَاتُ مَأْكُولًا: خُبْزًا، وَسُوَيْقًا، وَطَبِيخًا، فَفِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ\n\n٨٢٢٩ - قَالَ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالذُّرَةِ»\n\n٨٢٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ\n\n٨٢٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ فِي حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ: \" أَنَّ مُعَاذًا قَدِمَ الْيَمَنَ، فَأَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: مِنَ الْبُرِّ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ، وَالذُّرَةِ، وَقَالَ: لَيْسَ فِي الْبِطِّيخِ وَالْقِثَّاءِ، وَالْفَاكِهَةِ صَدَقَةٌ","vol":"6","page":125},{"text":"٨٢٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَتَّابُ الْجَزَرِيُّ، عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: \" لَمْ تَكُنِ الصَّدَقَةُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا فِي خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: الْحِنْطَةِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالتَّمْرِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ، وَالذُّرَةِ \"","vol":"6","page":126},{"text":"٨٢٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" لَمْ يَفْرِضْ إِلَّا فِي عَشْرَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: الْإِبِلِ، وَالْبَقَرِ، وَالْغَنَمِ، وَالذَّهَبِ، وَالْفِضَّةِ، وَالْحِنْطَةِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالتَّمْرِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ قَالَ: ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ أُرَاهُ قَالَ: وَالذُّرَةِ،\n\n٨٢٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، وَقَالَ: وَالسُّلْتُ، بَدَلُ الذُّرَةِ،\n\n٨٢٣٥ - وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَمَا أَشَرْنَا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ شَوَاهِدِهِ، وَهَذِهِ الْمَرَاسِيلُ أَيْضًا وَمَنْ شَوَاهِدِهِ،\n\n٨٢٣٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، حِينَ أَرَادَ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنَ الْخَضَرِ الرِّطَابِ، وَالْبُقُولِ، فَقَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ طَلْحَةَ: عِنْدَنَا كِتَابُ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ: \" إِنَّمَا أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالتَّمْرِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ،\n\n٨٢٣٧ - وَعَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى بْنُ طَلْحَةَ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي الْخُضَرِ شَيْءٌ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٨٢٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ مِنَ الزُّرُوعِ فِي مَعْنَى الْحِنْطَةِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، فَأَمَّا الْبُقُولُ فَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ فِي مَعْنَاهُمَا،\n\n٨٢٣٩ - فَأَلْحَقَ بِهِمَا مَا فِي مَعْنَاهُمَا دُونَ مَا خَالَفَهُمَا فِي الْمَعْنَى، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"6","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-499>بَابُ قَدْرِ الصَّدَقَةِ فِيمَا أَخْرَجَتِ الْأَرْضُ</span>","vol":"6","page":127},{"text":"٨٢٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ الثِّقَةُ عِنْدَهُ: عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ، وَالْعُيونُ، وَالْبَعْلُ: الْعُشْرُ، وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ: نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ \"،\n\n٨٢٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عِنْدَهُ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٢٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ يُوصَلُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَمُ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا","vol":"6","page":127},{"text":"٨٢٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَرْبِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ، يَقُولُ ⦗١٢٨⦘: حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَبُسْرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ الْعُشْرُ، وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ»","vol":"6","page":127},{"text":"٨٢٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ مَطَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ السِّمْنَانِيُّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ، وَالْعُيونُ، أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلًا: الْعُشْرُ، وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالسَّوَاقِيَ وَالنَّضْحِ: فَنِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ \"، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"6","page":128},{"text":"٨٢٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «صَدَقَةُ ⦗١٢٩⦘ الثِّمَارِ، وَالزَّرْعِ مَا كَانَ نَخْلٌ، أَوْ كَرْمٌ، أَوْ زَرْعٌ، أَوْ شَعِيرٌ، أَوْ سُلْتٌ، فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُ بَعْلًا، أَوْ يُسْقَى بِنَهَرٍ، أَوْ يُسْقَى بِالْعَيْنِ، أَوْ غَيْرِ مَاءِ الْمَطَرِ، فَفِيهِ الْعُشُورُ فِي كُلِّ عَشْرَةً وَاحِدٌ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُ يُسْقَى بِالنَّضْحِ فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ فِي كُلِّ عِشْرِينَ وَاحِدٌ»","vol":"6","page":128},{"text":"٨٢٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «الْبَعْلُ الَّذِي بَلَغَتْ أُصُولُهُ الْمَاءَ»، وَفِيمَا بَلَغَنِي عَنِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْبَعْلُ: الْعُشْرِيُّ، وَالنَّضْحُ: الدَّلْوُ يُسْقَى بِهِ الْإِبِلُ وَالرِّجَالُ،\n\n٨٢٤٧ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْعُشْرِيِّ: أَنَّهُ الَّذِي يُسْقَى بِمَاءِ السَّمَاءِ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْبَعْلِ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ مِثْلَ مَا رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، وَرِوَايَةُ الرَّبِيعِ أَشْبَهُ بِمَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَإِنَّهُ فَصَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا\n\n٨٢٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي الْأَرْضِ الْخَرَاجِيَّةِ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْخَرَاجُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، وَفِي الْحَبُّ: الزَّكَاةُ،\n\n٨٢٤٩ - وَأَمَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ عَنْبَسَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يَجْتَمِعُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ خَرَاجٌ وَعُشْرٌ»،\n\n٨٢٥٠ - فَهَذَا إِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: فَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ عَنْبَسَةَ، هَكَذَا، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ عَنْبَسَةَ، مَكْشُوفُ الْأَمْرِ فِي الضَّعْفِ لِرِوَايَاتِهِ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ بِالْمَوْضُوعَاتِ. قَالَهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ فِيمَا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ عَنْهُ","vol":"6","page":129},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-500>بَابُ صَدَقَةِ الْوَرِقِ</span>","vol":"6","page":130},{"text":"٨٢٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ صَدَقَةٌ» ⦗١٣١⦘،\n\n٨٢٥٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيُّ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"6","page":130},{"text":"٨٢٥٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ مِنَ الْوَرِقِ صَدَقَةٌ»، هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَلَى مَا مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ،\n\n٨٢٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذَ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْوَرِقَ خَمْسَةَ أَوَاقٍ، وَذَلِكَ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ بِدَرَاهِمِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَكُلُّ عَشْرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ مِنْ دَرَاهِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَزْنُ سَبْعَةِ مَثَاقِيلِ ذَهَبٍ بِمِثْقَالِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَفِي الْوَرِقِ الصَّدَقَةُ،\n\n٨٢٥٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: فِي مَعْنَى الْأُوقِيَّةِ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ: كَمْ كَانَ صَدَاقُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَتِ: اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشًّا ⦗١٣٢⦘ قَالَتْ: وَالنَّشُّ: نِصْفُ أُوقِيَّةٍ، وَالْأُوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا، فَذَلِكَ خَمْسُ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَذَلِكَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ","vol":"6","page":131},{"text":"٨٢٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ زُرَيْقِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، وَكَانَ زُرَيْقٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ مِصْرَ فِي زَمَانِ الْوَلِيدِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَذَكَرَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: \" أَنِ انْظُرْ مَنْ مَرَّ بِكَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَخُذْ مِمَّا ظَهْرَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ مِمَّا يُدِيرُونَ مِنَ التِّجَارَاتِ، مِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَارًا، دِينَارًا، فَمَا نَقَصَ فَبِحِسَابِ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا، فَإِنْ نَقَصَتْ ثُلُثَ دِينَارٍ، فَدَعْهَا وَلَا تَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، وَمَنْ مَرَّ بِكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ فَخُذْ مِمَّا يُدِيرُونَ مِنَ التِّجَارَاتِ، مِنْ كُلِّ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا، دِينَارًا فَمَا نَقَصَ فَبِحِسَابِ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ عَشْرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، فَإِنْ نَقَصَتْ ثُلُثَ دِينَارٍ فَدَعْهَا، وَلَا تَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، وَاكْتُبْ لَهُمْ، بِمَا تَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمْ كِتَابًا إِلَى مِثْلِهِ مِنَ الْحَوْلِ،\n\n٨٢٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ صَدَقَةٌ»، فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَلَوْ نَقَصَتْ حَبَّةٌ، لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا صَدَقَةٌ، لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ،\n\n٨٢٥٨ - وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، إِلْزَامًا لِمَالِكٍ فِيمَا خَالَفَهُ فِيهِ","vol":"6","page":132},{"text":"٨٢٥٩ - وَفِيمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وَعَنِ الْحَارِثِ، كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيمَا يَحْسَبُ زُهَيْرٌ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" هَاتُوا رُبْعَ الْعُشْرِ مِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا دِرْهَمٌ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى تَتِمَّ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ فَفِيهَا خَمْسَةُ دَرَاهِمَ، فَمَا زَادَ فَعَلَى حِسَابِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٨٢٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٢٦١ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا زَادَ عَلَى الْمِئَتَيْنِ فَبِالْحِسَابِ»،\n\n٨٢٦٢ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ مُفَسَّرًا عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ مِنْ تَابِعِي أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ،\n\n٨٢٦٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ نُجَيْحٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نُسَيٍّ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ حِينَ وَجَّهَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ: أَنْ لَا يَأْخُذَ مِنَ الْكُسُورِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا يَأْخُذُ مِمَّا زَادَ عَلَى مِائَتَيْنِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا \"، فَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗١٣٤⦘،\n\n٨٢٦٤ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنْهُ: الْمِنْهَالُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ، وَهُوَ أَبُو الْعَطُوفِ الْجَرَّاحُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ يَقْلِبُ اسْمَهُ إِذَا رَوَى عَنْهُ،\n\n٨٢٦٥ - وَعُبَادَةُ بْنُ نُسَيٍّ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ مُعَاذٍ\n\n٨٢٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ خَرَّجَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا أَعْنِي أَبَا الْعَطُوفِ","vol":"6","page":133},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-501>لَا يُعْطِي صَدَقَةَ مَالِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَالِهِ</span>","vol":"6","page":135},{"text":"٨٢٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٦٧]\n\n٨٢٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: «لَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ مِمَّنْ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ، فَلَا تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا لَا تَأْخُذُونَ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ يَعْنِي لَا تُعْطُوا مَا خَبُثَ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَعِنْدَكُمُ طَيِّبٌ»","vol":"6","page":135},{"text":"٨٢٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا أَتَاكُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ فَلَا يُفَارِقُكُمْ إِلَّا عَنْ رِضًا»\n\n٨٢٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يُوَفُّوهُ طَائِعِينَ، وَيُلَايِنُوهُ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُعْطُوهَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ مَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَبِهَذَا نَأْمُرُهُمْ وَنَأْمُرُ الْمُصَدِّقَ","vol":"6","page":135},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-502>بَابُ زَكَاةِ الذَّهَبِ</span>","vol":"6","page":136},{"text":"٨٢٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ:  «وَلَا أَعْلَمُ اخْتِلَافًا فِي أَنْ لَيْسَ فِي الذَّهَبِ صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ عِشْرِينَ مِثْقَالًا، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ عِشْرِينَ مِثْقَالًا فَفِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ»\n\n٨٢٧٢ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ «الرِّسَالَةِ» فِيمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: «وَأَخَذَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي الذَّهَبِ بَعْدَهُ صَدَقَةً، إِمَّا بِخَبَرٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا، وَإِمَّا قِيَاسًا عَلَى أَنَّ الذَّهَبَ وَالْوَرِقَ نَقْدُ النَّاسِ الَّذِينَ اكْتَنَزُوهُ، وَأَجَازُوهُ أَثْمَانًا عَلَى مَا تَبَايَعُوا بِهِ فِي الْبُلْدَانِ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَبَعْدَهُ»\n\n٨٢٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ وَلَا فِضَّةٍ لَا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا، إِلَّا إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ صُفِّحَتْ لَهُ صَفَائِحُ مِنْ نَارٍ، فَأُحْمِيَ عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، فَتُكْوَى بِهَا جَنْبُهُ وَجَبِينُهُ وَظَهْرُهُ» الْحَدِيثُ","vol":"6","page":136},{"text":"٨٢٧٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وَالْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ ⦗١٣٧⦘ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لَكَ عِشْرُونَ دِينَارًا، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَكَ، وَحَالَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ، فَفِيهَا نِصْفُ دِينَارٍ، فَمَا زَادَ فَبِحِسَابِ ذَلِكَ» قَالَ: وَلَا أَدْرِي أَعَلِيٌّ يَقُولُ: بِحِسَابِ ذَلِكَ، أَمْ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٨٢٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، وَسَمَّى آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ","vol":"6","page":136},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-503>بَابُ زَكَاةِ الْحُلِيِّ</span>","vol":"6","page":138},{"text":"٨٢٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَلِيَ بَنَاتَ أَخِيهَا يَتَامَى فِي حِجْرِهَا، لَهُنَّ الْحُلِيُّ فَلَا تُخْرِجُ مِنْهُ الزَّكَاةَ»","vol":"6","page":139},{"text":"٨٢٧٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ: «أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ تُحَلِّي بَنَاتَ أَخِيهَا الذَّهَبَ، وَكَانَتْ لَا تُخْرَجُ زَكَاتَهُ»","vol":"6","page":139},{"text":"٨٢٧٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُحَلِّي بَنَاتَهُ وَجَوَارِيهِ الذَّهَبَ، ثُمَّ لَا يُخْرِجُ مِنْهُ الزَّكَاةَ»","vol":"6","page":139},{"text":"٨٢٧٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا، يَسْأَلُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الْحُلِيِّ أَفِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ؟ قَالَ: جَابِرٌ: لَا، فَقَالَ: وَإِنْ كَانَ يَبْلُغُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ؟ فَقَالَ: جَابِرٌ: كَثِيرٌ \" ⦗١٤٠⦘\n\n٨٢٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ: يُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَلَا أَدْرِي أَثَبَتَ عَنْهُمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ هَؤُلَاءِ: لَيْسَ فِي الْحُلِيِّ زَكَاةٌ،\n\n٨٢٨١ - وَزَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»، فَقَالَ: قَدْ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ: أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ كَانَتْ تُحَلِّيهِنَّ، وَلَا تَرَى فِيهِ زَكَاةً \"","vol":"6","page":139},{"text":"٨٢٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُحَلِّي بَنَاتِهَا الذَّهَبَ، وَلَا تُزَكِّيهِ نَحْوًا مِنْ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفٍ»","vol":"6","page":140},{"text":"٨٢٨٣ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ عَنِ الْحُلِيِّ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ فِيهِ زَكَاةٌ \"","vol":"6","page":140},{"text":"٨٢٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ ⦗١٤١⦘، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي الْحُلِيُّ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ يُعَارُ، وَيُلْبَسُ فَإِنَّهُ يُزَكَّى مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً»","vol":"6","page":140},{"text":"٨٢٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ: «أَنَّ فِي الْحُلِيَّ زَكَاةٌ»\n\n٨٢٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،\n\n٨٢٨٧ - وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْهُمْ، وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n٨٢٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مَا أَسْتَخِيرُ اللَّهَ فِيهِ\n\n٨٢٨٩ - قَالَ: وَمَنْ قَالَ: فِي الْحُلِيِّ صَدَقَةٌ قَالَ: هُوَ وَزْنٌ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ، قَدْ جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مِثْلِ وَزْنِهِ صَدَقَةً، وَوَزْنٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ قَدْ جَعَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِيهِ صَدَقَةً\n\n٨٢٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: فِي الْحُلِيِّ زَكَاةٌ، وَرَوَى فِيهِ شَيْئًا ضَعِيفًا","vol":"6","page":141},{"text":"٨٢٩١ - وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو ⦗١٤٢⦘ بْنِ شُعَيْبَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ وَابْنَتُهَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَفِي يَدِهَا مَسْكَتَانِ غَلِيظَتَانِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ تُعْطِيَنَ زَكَاةَ هَذَا؟» قَالَتْ: لَا قَالَ: «فَيَسُرُّكِ أَنْ يُسَوِّرَكِ اللَّهُ بِسُوَارَيْنِ مِنْ نَارٍ؟» قَالَ: فَخَلَعَتْهُمَا، وَقَالَتْ: هُمَا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ","vol":"6","page":141},{"text":"٨٢٩٢ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ حُسَيْنُ الْمُعَلِّمُ، وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمَرْوَزِيُّ يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: جَاءَتِ امْرَأَتَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَلَيْهِمَا أَسْوِرَةٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا: «أَتُحِبَّانِ أَنْ يُحَلِيَكُمَا اللَّهُ أَسْوِرَةً مِنْ نَارٍ؟» قَالَتَا: لَا قَالَ: «فَأَدِّيَا حَقَّهُ»،\n\n٨٢٩٣ - قَالَ الْحَجَّاجُ: يَرَوْنَ أَنَّ حَقَّهُ زَكَاتُهُ\n\n٨٢٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حُسَيْنُ الْمُعَلِّمُ أَوْثَقُ مِنَ الْحَجَّاجِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ كَانَ كَالْمُتَوَقِّفِ فِي رِوَايَاتِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، إِذَا لَمْ يَنْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِمَا مَا يُؤَكِّدُهَا، لِمَا قِيلَ فِي رِوَايَاتِهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: أَنَّهَا مِنْ صَحِيفَةٍ كَتَبَهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ سَمَاعِ عَمْرٍو مِنْ أَبِيهِ، مِنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":142},{"text":"٨٢٩٥ - وَقَدِ انْضَمَّ إِلَى حَدِيثِهِ هَذَا رِوَايَةُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ⦗١٤٣⦘: عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ أَلْبَسُ أَوْضَاحًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَكَنْزٌ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ: «مَا بَلَغَ أَنْ يُؤَدَّى زَكَاتُهُ فَزُكِّيَ فَلَيْسَ بِكَنْزٍ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَتَّابٌ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":142},{"text":"٨٢٩٦ - وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ أَيْضًا حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ قَالَ: دَخَلْنَا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرَأَى فِي يَدَيَّ فَتَخَاتٍ مِنْ وَرِقٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذَا يَا عَائِشَةُ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: صَنَعْتُهُنَّ أَتَزَيَّنُ لَكَ فِيهِنَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَتُؤَدِّينَ زَكَاتَهُنَّ؟»، فَقَالَتْ: لَا، أَوْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: «هُنَّ حَسْبُكِ مِنَ النَّارِ»\n\n٨٢٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ الْجَلَّابُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ طَارِقِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ: أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ أَخْبَرَهُ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗١٤٤⦘،\n\n٨٢٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الرَّازِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٢٩٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَبُو نَشِيطٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي إِسْنَادِهِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ\n\n٨٣٠٠ - قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ هَذَا مَجْهُولٌ\n\n٨٣٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، فِيمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ مَعْرُوفٌ،\n\n٨٣٠٢ - فَمَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ الْأَوَّلِ زَعَمَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ حِينَ كَانَ التَّحَلِّي بِالذَّهَبِ حَرَامًا عَلَى النِّسَاءِ، فَلَمَّا أُبِيحَ ذَلِكَ لَهُنَّ سَقَطَتْ مِنْهُ الزَّكَاةُ\n\n٨٣٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَيْفَ يَصِحُّ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ مَعَ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ: إِنْ كَانَ ذِكْرُ الْوَرِقِ فِيهِ مَحْفُوظًا، غَيْرَ أَنَّ رِوَايَةَ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي تَرْكِهَا إِخْرَاجَ الزَّكَاةِ مِنَ الْحُلِيِّ، مَعَ مَا ثَبَتَ مِنْ مَذْهَبِهِمَا إِخْرَاجُ الزَّكَاةِ، عَنْ أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى، يُوقِعُ وَهْمًا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ الْمَرْفُوعَةِ، فَهِيَ لَا تُخَالِفُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِيمَا رَوَتْهُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا فِيمَا عَلِمْتُهُ مَنْسُوخًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٨٣٠٤ - وَمِنْهُمْ مِنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ زَكَاةَ الْحُلِيِّ عَارِيَتُهُ، وَرُوِيَ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ،\n\n٨٣٠٥ - وَالَّذِي يَرْوِيهِ بَعْضُ فُقَهَائِنَا مَرْفُوعًا: لَيْسَ فِي الْحُلِيِّ زَكَاةٌ، لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ إِنَّمَا يُرْوَى، عَنْ جَابِرٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ،\n\n٨٣٠٦ - وَالَّذِي يُرْوَى عَنْ عَافِيَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مَرْفُوعًا، بَاطِلٌ لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ، وَعَافِيَةُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ مَجْهُولٌ، فَمَنِ احْتَجَّ بِهِ مَرْفُوعًا كَانَ مُغَرَّرًا بِدِينِهِ، دَاخِلًا فِيمَا نَعِيبُ بِهِ الْمُخَالِفِينَ فِي الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِرِوَايَةِ الْكَذَّابِينَ، وَاللَّهُ يَعْصِمُنَا مِنْ أَمْثَالِهِ","vol":"6","page":143},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-504>بَابُ مَا لَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ</span>","vol":"6","page":145},{"text":"٨٣٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْعَنْبَرِ زَكَاةٌ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ دَسَرَهُ الْبَحْرُ»","vol":"6","page":145},{"text":"٨٣٠٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعَنْبَرِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَفِيهِ الْخُمُسُ» ⦗١٤٦⦘،\n\n٨٣٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: لَا شَيْءَ فِيهِ، وَلَا فِي مِسْكٍ، وَلَا غَيْرِهِ، مِمَّا خَالَفَ الرِّكَازَ، وَالْحَرْثَ، وَالْمَاشِيَةَ، وَالذَّهَبَ وَالْوَرِقَ،\n\n٨٣١٠ - زَادَ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: أَوْ مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ تِجَارَةٌ مِنَ الْعَرُوضِ، أَوْ خَصَّهُ خَبَرٌ بِعَيْنِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَوْ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ","vol":"6","page":145},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-505>بَابُ زَكَاةِ التِّجَارَةِ</span>\n٨٣١١ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ ⦗١٤٨⦘ يَأْمُرُنَا أَنَّ نُخْرِجَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنَ الَّذِي نَعُدُّ لِلْبَيْعِ»","vol":"6","page":147},{"text":"٨٣١٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ حِمَاسٍ: أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قَالَ: مَرَرْتُ بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَلَى عُنُقِي أَدَمَةٌ أَحْمِلُهَا، فَقَالَ: عُمَرُ: «أَلَا تُؤَدِّي زَكَاتَكَ يَا حِمَاسُ؟» فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: مَا لِي غَيْرُ هَذِهِ الَّتِي عَلَى ظَهْرِي، وَآهِبَةٍ فِي الْقَرَظِ، فَقَالَ: «ذَاكَ مَالٌ، فَضَعْ» قَالَ: فَوَضَعْتُهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَحَسَبَهَا، فَوُجِدَتْ قَدْ وَجَبَتْ فِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ، فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا الزَّكَاةَ ⦗١٤٩⦘،\n\n٨٣١٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ حِمَاسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"6","page":148},{"text":"٨٣١٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْعَرَضِ زَكَاةٌ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُرَادَ بِهِ التِّجَارَةُ»","vol":"6","page":149},{"text":"٨٣١٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ زُرَيْقِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَتَبَ لَهُ: أَنِ انْظُرْ مِنْ مَرَّ بِكَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَخُذْ مِمَّا ظَهْرَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ مِنَ التِّجَارَاتِ مِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَارًا، دِينَارًا، فَمَا نَقَصَ فَبِحِسَابِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا، فَإِنْ نَقَصَتْ ثُلُثَ دِينَارٍ فَدَعْهَا، وَلَا تَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا،\n\n٨٣١٦ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»، «وَالْجَدِيدِ» فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِهِ وَمَالِكٍ بِتَمَامِهِ، وَقَالَ: عَنْ زُرَيْقِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ زُرَيْقُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ،\n\n٨٣١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنُوَافِقُهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ، فَإِنْ نَقَصَتْ ثُلُثَ دِينَارٍ فَدَعْهَا، وَنُخَالِفُهُ فِي أَنَّهَا إِذَا نَقَصَتْ، عَنْ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا أَقَلَّ مِنْ حَبَّةٍ لَمْ نَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، لِأَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ إِذَا كَانَتْ مَحْدُودَةً بِأَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ إِلَّا مِنْ عِشْرِينَ، فَالْعِلْمُ يُحِيطُ أَنَّهَا لَا تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَقَلِّ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا بِشَيْءٍ مَا كَانَ الشَّيْءُ ⦗١٥٠⦘\n\n٨٣١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلُّهُ نَأْخُذُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ مِنْ حَفِظْتُ، وَذُكِرَ لِي عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْبُلْدَانِ\n\n٨٣١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: اخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي الْعَرْضِ لِلتِّجَارَةَ، فَقَالَ: مِنْهُمْ قَائِلٌ: لَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ، وَرَوَى فِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَذَكَرَ حَجَّتَهُ\n\n٨٣٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِذَا أُرِيدَ بِالْعَرْضِ اِلتِّجَارَةُ، فَفِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ، وَكَانَ هَذَا أَحَبَّ الْأَقَاوِيلِ إِلَيَّ، لِأَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ذَكَرَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْعَرْضِ زَكَاةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ لِلتِّجَارَةِ»\n\n٨٣٢١ - قَالَ: وَإِسْنَادُ الْحَدِيثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ضَعِيفٌ، فَكَانَ اتِّبَاعُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ لِصَحَّتِهِ، وَالِاحْتِيَاطُ فِي الزَّكَاةِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٨٣٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"6","page":149},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-506>بَابُ الدَّيْنِ مَعَ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":151},{"text":"٨٣٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ: أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: \" هَذَا شَهْرُ ⦗١٥٢⦘ زَكَاتِكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَلْيؤَدِّ دَيْنَهُ حَتَّى تُحَصَّلَ أَمْوَالُكُمْ فَتُؤَدُّونَ مِنْهَا الزَّكَاةَ\n\n٨٣٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n٨٣٢٥ - وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: قَالَ: وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ لِيَ السَّائِبُ الشَّهْرَ، وَقَالَ: حَتَّى تَخْلُصَ أَمْوَالُكُمْ\n\n٨٣٢٦ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَحَدِيثُ عُثْمَانَ يُشْبِهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِقَضَاءِ الدِّينِ قَبْلَ حُلُولِ الصَّدَقَةِ فِي الْمَالِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: هَذَا شَهْرُ زَكَاتِكُمْ، يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَقُولُ: هَذَا الشَّهْرُ الَّذِي مَضَى حَلَّتْ زَكَاتُكُمْ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: شَهْرُ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَإِنَّمَا الْحِجَّةُ بَعْدَ مُضِيِّ أَيَّامٍ مِنْهُ\n\n٨٣٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا عَلَى قَوْلِهِ أَنَّ الدَّيْنَ لَا يَمْنَعُ وجُوبَ الزَّكَاةِ، وَبِهِ قَالَ رَبِيعَةُ، وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلْمَانَ، وَابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى،\n\n٨٣٢٨ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ «اخْتِلَافِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ»: إِذَا كَانَتْ فِي يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ مِثْلُهَا: فَلَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ \" ⦗١٥٣⦘ وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ،\n\n٨٣٢٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَسْتَقْرِضُ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَرْضِهِ وَعَلَى أَهْلِهِ قَالَ: يَبْدَأُ بِمَا اسْتَقْرَضَ فَيَقْضِيهِ، وَيُزَكِّي مَا بَقِيَ،\n\n٨٣٣٠ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: يَقْضِي مَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَى ثَمَرِهِ، ثُمَّ يُزَكِّي مَا بَقِيَ،\n\n٨٣٣١ - وَفَرَّقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: بَيْنَ الْأَمْوَالِ الظَّاهِرَةِ وَبَيْنَ الْأَمْوَالِ الْبَاطِنَةِ، فَقَالَ: \" فِي الْمُصَدِّقِ: إِذَا قَدِمَ أَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ بِمَا ظَهْرَ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ مِثْلَ الْحَرْثِ، وَالْمَعْدِنِ، وَالْمَاشِيَةِ، وَلَمُ يَتْرُكْهَا لِدَيْنٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَتْرُكُهَا إِذَا أَحَاطَ الدَّيْنَ بِمَالِهِ مِنَ الرِّقَةِ، وَالتِّجَارَةِ الَّتِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ يُؤَدِّيَهَا\n\n٨٣٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا نَحْنُ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ الثِّمَارِ وَالزُّرُوعِ، وَبَيْنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"6","page":151},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-507>زَكَاةُ الدَّيْنِ</span>\n٨٣٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: \" لَا أَعْرِفُ فِي الزَّكَاةِ فِي الدَّيْنِ أَثَرًا صَحِيحًا نَأْخُذُ بِهِ وَلَا نَتْرُكُهُ، فَأَرَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ لَيْسَ فِيهِ زَكَاةٌ ⦗١٥٥⦘\n\n٨٣٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مِثْلَ هَذَا، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَعَطَاءٍ،\n\n٨٣٣٥ - وَقَدْ رَجَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ فِي «الْجَدِيدِ» فَأَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الزَّكَاةَ، وَأَمَرَ بِإِخْرَاجِهَا، إِذَا كَانَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَخْذِهِ مِنْهُ،\n\n٨٣٣٦ - وَرُوِّينَا نَحْنُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ،\n\n٨٣٣٧ - وَإِذَا كَانَ الدَّيْنُ عَلَى مُعْسِرٍ أَوْ جَاحِدٍ فَفِيهِ قَوْلَانِ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الدَّيْنُ الظُّنُونُ قَالَ: \" يُزَكِّيهِ لِمَا مَضَى إِذَا قَبَضَهُ إِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا ⦗١٥٦⦘،\n\n٨٣٣٨ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٨٣٣٩ - وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي مَالٍ قَبَضَهُ بَعْضُ الْوُلَاةِ ظُلْمًا يَأْمُرُ بِرَدِّهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَيُؤْخَذُ زَكَاتُهُ لِمَا مَضَى مِنَ السِّنِينَ،\n\n٨٣٤٠ - ثُمَّ أَعْقَبَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِكِتَابٍ أَلَّا يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا زَكَاةُ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ ضِمَارًا\n\n٨٣٤١ - قَالَ: أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: يَعْنِي الْغَائِبَ الَّذِي لَا يُرْجَى،\n\n٨٣٤٢ - وَحَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أَصْحَابِهِ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، وَأَرَادَ بِهِ مَالِكًا، وَمَنْ قَالَ: بِهَذَا مِنَ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ","vol":"6","page":154},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-508>بَيْعُ الْمُصَدِّقُ الصَّدَقَةَ</span>","vol":"6","page":157},{"text":"٨٣٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي شَيْخٌ، مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ طَاوُسًا، وَأَنَا وَاقِفٌ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ يَسْأَلُ عَنْ بَيْعِ الصَّدَقَةِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ فَقَالَ طَاوُوسٌ: «وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ مَا تَحِلُّ بَيْعُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقْبَضَ وَلَا بَعْدَ أَنْ تُقْبَضَ»\n\n٨٣٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ فَتُرَدَّ عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ أَهْلِ السُّهْمَانِ، فَتُرَدُّ بِعَيْنِهَا وَلَا يُردُّ ثَمَنُهَا","vol":"6","page":158},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-509>كَرَاهِيَةُ ابْتِيَاعِ مَا تُصُدِّقَ بِهِ مِنْ يَدَيْ مِنْ تُصُدِّقَ عَلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"6","page":159},{"text":"٨٣٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأُمَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ أَبْصَرَ فَرَسًا يُبَاعُ فِي السُّوقِ، وَكَانَ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا، فَسَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَشْتَرِيهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَشْتَرِهِ، وَلَا شَيْئًا مِنْ نِتَاجِهِ»","vol":"6","page":159},{"text":"٨٣٤٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ: حَمَلْتُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَلَى فَرَسٍ، فَأَضَاعَهُ الَّذِي كَانَ عِنْدَهُ، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَبْتَاعَهُ مِنْهُ، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ بَائِعُهُ بِرُخْصٍ، فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تَبْتَعْهُ، وَإِنْ أَعْطَاكَهُ بِدِرْهَمٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَلَا تَعُدْ فِي صَدَقَتِكَ، فَإِنَّ الْعَائِدَ فِي صَدَقَتِهِ كَالْكَلْبِ يَعُودُ فِي قَيْئِهِ» ⦗١٦٠⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُمَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ","vol":"6","page":159},{"text":"٨٣٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ تَصَدَّقَ بِفَرَسٍ لَهُ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَّهُ وَجَدَهُ يُبَاعُ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ:  «لَا تَشْتَرِهِ وَلَا تَقْرَبَنَّهُ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٨٣٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَكْرَهُ لِمَنْ خَرَجَتْ مِنْهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا مِنْ يَدَيْ أَهْلِهَا الَّذِينَ قُسِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَتْنِ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٨٣٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَرَّمَ مِنْهَا مَا وَصَفْتُ عَلَى الَّذِي خَرَجَ مِنْ يَدَيْهِ،\n\n٨٣٥٠ - وَقَدْ تَصَدَّقَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ بِصَدَقَةٍ عَلَى أَبَوَيْهِ، ثُمَّ مَاتَا فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَخْذِ ذَلِكَ بِالْمِيرَاثِ فَبِذَلِكَ أَجَزْتُ أَنْ يَمْلِكَ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْ يَدَيْهِ بِمَا يَحِلُّ بِهِ الْمُلْكُ","vol":"6","page":160},{"text":"٨٣٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي أُرِيَ النِّدَاءَ: «أَنَّهُ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى أَبَوَيْهِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَا، فَرَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ مِيرَاثًا» ⦗١٦١⦘\n\n٨٣٥٢ - هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ","vol":"6","page":160},{"text":"٨٣٥٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ تَصَدَّقْتُ بِوَلِيدَةٍ عَلَى أُمِّي، فَمَاتَتْ أُمِّي وَبَقِيَتِ الْوَلِيدَةُ قَالَ: «قَدْ وَجَبَ أَجْرُكِ، وَرَجَعَتْ إِلَيْكِ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ","vol":"6","page":161},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-510>بَابُ زَكَاةِ الْمَعْدِنِ</span>","vol":"6","page":162},{"text":"٨٣٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ ⦗١٦٣⦘ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ عُلَمَائِهِمْ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَطَعَ لِبِلَالِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمُزَنِيِّ مَعَادِنَ الْقَبَلِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْفَرَعِ، فَتِلْكَ الْمَعَادِنُ لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا الزَّكَاةُ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ\n\n٨٣٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَيْسَ هَذَا مِمَّا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتُوهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ رِوَايَةٌ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا إِقْطَاعَهُ، فَأَمَّا الزَّكَاةُ فِي الْمَعَادِنِ دُونَ الْخُمُسِ، فَلَيْسَتْ مَرْوِيَّةً عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ","vol":"6","page":162},{"text":"٨٣٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ بِلَالِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ مِنَ الْمَعَادِنِ الْقَبَلِيَّةِ الصَّدَقَةَ»\n\n٨٣٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٨٣٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ نَاحِيَتِنَا إِلَى أَنَّ فِيَ الْمَعَادِنِ الزَّكَاةَ، وَذَهَبَ غَيْرِهِمْ إِلَى أَنَّ الْمَعَادِنَ رِكَازٌ فِيهَا الْخُمُسُ،\n\n٨٣٥٩ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الشَّافِعِيُّ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ ⦗١٦٤⦘، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ حَكَى، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْمَعَادِنُ كُلُّهَا رِكَازٌ\n\n٨٣٦٠ - قَالَ: وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ بِحَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" الرِّكَازُ: الذَّهَبُ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ \"","vol":"6","page":163},{"text":"٨٣٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَبَّانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبَّانُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" الرِّكَازُ: الذَّهَبُ الَّذِي نَبَتَ بِالْأَرْضِ \"،\n\n٨٣٦٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدِ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»، قِيلَ: وَمَا الرِّكَازُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «الذَّهَبُ الَّذِي خَلْقَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَوْمَ خُلِقَتْ»\n\n٨٣٦٣ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: أَمَّا مَا رَوَيْتُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَسَعِيدٌ، وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ ⦗١٦٥⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، حَدِيثَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ شَيْئًا مِنَ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، وَالَّذِي رَوَى ذَلِكَ شَيْخٌ ضَعِيفٌ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدِ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ،\n\n٨٣٦٤ - وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَدِ اتَّقَى النَّاسُ حَدِيثَهُ،\n\n٨٣٦٥ - فَلَا يَجْعَلُ خَبَرَ رَجُلٍ قَدِ اتَّقَى النَّاسُ حَدِيثَهُ حُجَّةً، وَقَدْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ مَالِكًا، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ بِلَالِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ\n\n٨٣٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ بِخَمْسَةِ أَوَاقٍ مِنْ مَعْدِنِ: فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا \"","vol":"6","page":164},{"text":"٨٣٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ⦗١٦٦⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ بِخَمْسَةِ أَوَاقٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنِّي أَصَبْتُ هَذَا مِنْ مَعْدِنٍ، فَخُذْ مِنْهُ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ: «لَا شَيْءَ فِيهِ» وَرَدَّهُ","vol":"6","page":165},{"text":"٨٣٦٨ - هَذَا مَوْصُولٌ، وَشَاهِدَهُ مَا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ قَالَ: أَحْسَبُهُ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِقِطْعَةِ فِضَّةٍ، فَقَالَ: خُذْ مِنِّي زَكَاتَهَا قَالَ: قَالَ: «مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ بِهَا؟» قَالَ: مِنْ مَعْدِنٍ قَالَ: النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا بَلْ نُعْطِكَ مِثْلَ مَاجِئْتَ بِهِ، وَلَا تَرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ»\n\n٨٣٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَيْسَ فِي هَذَا مِقْدَارُ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ، وَفِيهِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، وَفِيهِ النَّهْيُ، عَنِ الرُّجُوعِ إِلَيْهِ،\n\n٨٣٧٠ - وَكَأَنَّهُ أَحَبَّ التَّنَزُّهَ عَنْهُ، لِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «سَتَكُونُ مَعَادِنُ يَكُونُ فِيهَا مِنْ أَشْرَارِ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ»\n\n٨٣٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا خِلَافُ رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، وَلَوْ كَانَ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ لَأَخَذَهُ\n\n٨٣٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا عَلَى قَوْلِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالْبُوَيْطِيِّ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ الْحَوْلَ شَرْطٌ فِي وجُوبِ الزَّكَاةِ فِيهِ ⦗١٦٧⦘،\n\n٨٣٧٣ - وَأَجَابَ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، عَنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: قَدْ تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: قَدْ أَرْكَزَ الْمَعْدِنُ فَإِنْ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا تَقُولُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا انْقَطَعَ مَا فِيهِ، وَلَا تَقُولُ لَهُ وَهُوَ يُنَالُ مِنْهُ، وَأَنْتُ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ فِي حَالِ نَيْلِهِ مُرْكَزٌ، وَالْعَرَبُ لَا تُسَمِّيهِ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالَةِ مُرْكَزًا،\n\n٨٣٧٤ - وَأَجَابَ عَنْهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، بِأَنْ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا يُقَالُ: أَرْكَزَ الْمَعْدِنُ عِنْدَ الْبَدْرَةِ الْمُجْتَمِعَةِ الْمَعَادِنِ، قِيلَ: قَدْ أَرْكَزَ، وَقَالَهُ فِيمَا يُوجَدُ فِي الْبَطْحَاءِ فِي أَثَرِ الْمَطَرِ، وَجَعَلَهُ رِكَازًا، دُونَ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِمَّا لَا يُوصَلُ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا بِتَحْصِيلٍ، وَطَحْنٍ كَانَ مَذْهَبًا،\n\n٨٣٧٥ - فَلَوْ كَانَ، يَقُولُ: لَا يُخَمَّسُ إِلَّا إِذَا قِيلَ: أَرْكَزَ الْمَعْدِنِ، كَانَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى ضَعِيفٍ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ أَيْضًا،\n\n٨٣٧٦ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يُقَالُ لِلرَّجُلِ: يُوهَبُ لَهُ الشَّيْءُ، وَلِلرَّجُلِ مُرْكِزًا زَرْعَهُ، وَلِلرَّجُلُ يَأْتِيهِ فِي تِجَارَتِهُ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا كَانَ يَأْتِيهِ، وَمَنْ ثَمَرِهِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا كَانَ يَأْتِيهِ، أَرْكَزْتَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ بِاسْمِ الرِّكَازِ اعْتَلَّ، فَهَذَا كُلُّهُ وَأَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ الرِّكَازِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ بِالْخَبَرِ، فَالْخَبَرُ عَلَى دَفْنِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ،\n\n٨٣٧٧ - فَاعْتُلَّ بِحَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ يَعْنِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ الْمَقْبُرِيَّ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ ضَعِيفُ الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"6","page":166},{"text":"٨٣٧٨ - وَاعْتُلَّ بِأَنَّ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، أَوْ هِشَامَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سُئِلَ: كَيْفَ يَرَى فِي الْمَتَاعِ يُوجَدُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ الْمِيتَاءِ، أَوِ الْقَرْيَةِ الْمَسْكُونَةِ قَالَ: «عَرِّفْهُ سَنَةً، فَإِنْ جَاءَ ⦗١٦٨⦘ صَاحِبُهُ، وَإِلَّا فَشَأْنُكَ بِهِ، وَمَا كَانَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ غَيْرِ الْمِيتَاءِ، وَالْقَرْيَةِ غَيْرِ الْمَسْكُونَةِ، فَفِيهِ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي ضَالَّةِ الْإِبِلِ؟ قَالَ: «مَا لَكَ وَلَهَا؟ مَعَهَا سِقَاؤُهَا وَحِذَاؤُهَا، تَأْكُلُ الْكَلَأَ، وَتَرِدُ الْمَاءَ»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي ضَالَّةِ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ: «لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ، فَاحْتَبِسْ عَلَى أَخِيكَ ضَالَّتَهُ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي حَرِيسَةِ الْجَبَلِ؟ قَالَ: «فِيهَا عَزَامَتُهَا، وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا، وَجَلَدَاتُ نِكَالٍ»، وَذَكَرَ الثَّمَرَ الْمُعَلَّقَ بِقَرِيبٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى.\n\n٨٣٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n٨٣٨٠ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ كَانَ حَدِيثُ عَمْرٍو يَكُونُ حُجَّةً، فَالَّذِي رَوَى الْحُجَّةَ عَلَيْهِ فِي غَيْرِ حُكْمٍ،\n\n٨٣٨١ - وَإِنْ كَانَ حَدِيثُ عَمْرٍو غَيْرَ حُجَّةَ، فَالْحُجَّةُ، بِغَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ جَهْلٌ ⦗١٦٩⦘،\n\n٨٣٨٢ - رَوَى فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ، عَنِ الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ، فَقَالَ: «غَرَامَتُهُ وَمِثْلُهُ مَعَهُ، وَجَلَدَاتُ نِكَالٍ، فَإِذَا آوَاهُ الْجَرِينُ، فَفِيهِ الْقَطْعُ»،\n\n٨٣٨٣ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ غَرَامَتِهِ فَقَطْ، وَلَيْسَ مِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ، وَيَقُولُ: لَا يَقْطَعُ فِيهِ إِذَا آوَاهُ الْجَرِينُ رُطَبًا، وَالْجَرِينُ يَوْمَهُ رُطَبًا، وَرَوَى فِي ضَالَّةِ الْإِبِلِ غَرَامَتُهَا، وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا، وَيَقُولُ: غَرَامَتُهَا وَحْدَهَا بِقِيمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَا مُضَاعَفَةٍ،\n\n٨٣٨٤ - وَرَوَى فِي اللُّقَطَةِ: «يُعَرِّفُهَا، فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا وَإِلَّا فَشَأْنُهُ بِهَا»،\n\n٨٣٨٥ - وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: إِذَا كَانَ مُوسِرًا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهَا، وَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا، فَخَالَفَ حَدِيثَ عَمْرٍو الَّذِي رَوَاهُ فِي أَحْكَامِ اللُّقَطَةِ، وَاحْتَجَّ مِنْهُ بِشَيْءٍ وَاحِدٍ إِنَّمَا هُوَ تَوَهَّمٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ حُجَّةً فِي شَيْءٍ فَلْيَقُلْ بِهِ فِيمَا تَرَكَهُ فِيهِ\n\n٨٣٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ تَوَهُّمٌ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ: أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَنْصُوصٍ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَوْضِعِ النِّزَّاعِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ مَا يُوجَدُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ظَاهِرًا فَوْقَ الْأَرْضِ فِي الطَّرِيقِ غَيْرِ الْمِيتَاءِ، وَالْقَرْيَةِ غَيْرِ الْمَسْكُونَةِ، فَقَالَ: فِيهِ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ،\n\n٨٣٨٧ - قُلْتُ: قَدْ حَكَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ مُذْهِبَ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ: فِي الرِّكَازِ، وَالْمَعْدِنِ فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ مِنَ الْجَامِعِ، فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ، وَابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيُّ: الرِّكَازُ: دَفْنُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فِي قَلِيلِهِ وَكَثِيرِهِ الْخُمُسُ، وَلَيْسَ الْمَعْدِنُ بِرِكَازٍ،\n\n٨٣٨٨ - ثُمَّ حَكَى عَنْ بَعْضِ النَّاسِ: أَنَّ الْمَعْدِنَ رِكَازٌ مِنْ دَفْنِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، لِأَنَّهُ يُقَالُ: أَرْكَزَ الْمَعْدِنُ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ،\n\n٨٣٨٩ - ثُمَّ أَجَابَ عَنْهُ بِجَوَابِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَبَيَانُهِ وقُوعُ هَذَا الِاسْمِ عَلَى مِنْ وُهِبَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ أَوْ رِبْحَ رِبْحًا كَثِيرًا أَوْ كَثُرَ ثَمَرُهُ ⦗١٧٠⦘،\n\n٨٣٩٠ - وَمَنْ نَظَرَ فِيهِ وَنَظَرَ فِي كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ عَلِمَ أَنَّ الْبُخَارِيَّ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا","vol":"6","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-511>بَابُ زَكَاةِ الرِّكَازِ</span>","vol":"6","page":171},{"text":"٨٣٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ ⦗١٧٢⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِتَمَامِهِ، وَتَمَامِ الْحَدِيثِ فِيمَا","vol":"6","page":171},{"text":"٨٣٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَحْدَهُ وَلَيْسَ مَعِيَ، وَلَا مَعَهُ أَحَدٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ، وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ، وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ، وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»","vol":"6","page":172},{"text":"٨٣٩٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»،\n\n٨٣٩٤ - هَكَذَا وَقَعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ مُنْقَطِعًا، وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ⦗١٧٣⦘ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِيهِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «جُرْحُ الْعَجْمَاءِ جُبَارٌ»، وَهُوَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمْ دُونَ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ مَوْصُولًا بِتَمَامِهِ كَمَا مَضَى فِي حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"6","page":172},{"text":"٨٣٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»","vol":"6","page":173},{"text":"٨٣٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، بِمِصْرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ» هَكَذَا قَالَ: عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٨٣٩٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَرِوَايَةُ الرَّبِيعِ أَشْهَرُ","vol":"6","page":173},{"text":"٨٣٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ شَابُورَ، وَيَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي كَنْزٍ وَجَدَهُ رَجُلٌ فِي خَرِبَةٍ جَاهِلِيَّةٍ: «إِنْ ⦗١٧٤⦘ وَجَدْتَهُ فِي قَرْيَةٍ مَسْكُونَةٍ، أَوْ سَبِيلِ مِيتَاءٍ فَعَرِّفْهُ، وَإِنْ وَجَدْتُهُ فِي خَرِبَةٍ جَاهِلِيَّةٍ أَوْ فِي قَرْيَةٍ غَيْرِ مَسْكُونَةَ فَفِيهِ، وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»،\n\n٨٣٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: سَمِعْتُ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ فِي الرِّكَازِ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ دَفْنُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَا لَمْ يُطْلَبْ بِمَالٍ، وَلَمْ يُتَكَلَّفْ فِيهِ كَثِيرُ عَمِلٍ، فَأَمَّا مَا طُلِبَ بِمَالٍ، وَتُكُلِّفَ فِيهِ كَثِيرُ عَمِلٍ فَأُصِيبَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَلَيْسَ بِرِكَازٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَهَذَا الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا،\n\n٨٤٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٤٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالرِّكَازُ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْخُمُسُ: دَفْنُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَا وُجِدَ فِي غَيْرِ مِلْكٍ لِأَحَدٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي مَنْ أَحْيَاهَا كَانَتْ لَهُ، فَمَنْ وَجَدَ دِفْنًا مِنْ دِفْنِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فِي مَوَاتٍ، فَأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهَا لَهُ، وَالْخُمُسُ لِأَهْلِ سُهْمَانِ الصَّدَقَةُ","vol":"6","page":173},{"text":"٨٤٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ أَلْفًا وَخَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فِي خَرِبَةٍ بِالسَّوَادِ، فَقَالَ: عَلِيُّ: \" أَمَا لَأَقْضِيَنَّ فِيهَا قَضَاءً بَيِّنًا: إِنْ كُنْتَ وَجَدْتَهَا فِي قَرْيَةٍ لَيْسَ تُؤَدِّي خَرَاجَهَا قَرْيَةٌ أُخْرَى ⦗١٧٥⦘ فَهِيَ لِأَهْلِ تِلْكَ الْقَرْيَةِ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ وَجَدْتَهَا فِي قَرْيَةٍ لَيْسَ يؤَدِّي خَرَاجَهَا أُخْرَى فَلَكَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهِ وَلَنَا الْخُمُسُ، ثُمَّ الْخُمُسُ لَكَ \".\n\n٨٤٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: قَدْ رَوَوْا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ بِإِسْنَادٍ مَوْصُولٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهِ لَكَ، وَاقْسِمِ الْخُمُسَ فِي فُقَرَاءِ أَهْلِكَ،\n\n٨٤٠٤ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ أَشْبَهُ بِعَلِيٍّ ﵁، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":174},{"text":"٨٤٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ السَّقَطِيُّ، بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ الْخَثْعَمِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ قَوْمِهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَقَطَتْ عَلَيْهِ جَرَّةٌ مِنْ دَيْرٍ قَدِيمٍ بِالْكُوفَةِ، فِيهَا أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَأَتَى بِهَا عَلِيًّا، فَقَالَ: «اقْسِمْهَا أَخْمَاسًا»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «خُذْ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةً وَدَعْ وَاحِدًا»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «فِي حَيِّكَ فُقَرَاءُ أَوْ مَسَاكِينُ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «خُذْهَا فَاقْسِمْهَا بَيْنَهُمْ».\n\n٨٤٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ قَوْمِهِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: ابْنُ حُمَمَةَ قَالَ: سَقَطَتْ عَلَيَّ جَرَّةٌ، فَذَكَرَهَا","vol":"6","page":175},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-512>بَابُ مَا يَقُولُ الْمُصَدِّقُ إِذَا أَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ لِمَنْ أَخَذَهَا مِنْهُ</span>","vol":"6","page":176},{"text":"٨٤٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلَاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٣]\n\n٨٤٠٨ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَالصَّلَاةُ عَلَيْهِمُ: الدُّعَاءُ لَهُمْ عِنْدَ أَخْذِ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنْهُمْ\n\n٨٤٠٩ - قَالَ: فَحَقٌّ عَلَى الْوَالِي إِذَا أَخَذَ صَدَقَةَ امْرِئٍ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ لَهُ، وَأُحِبُّ أَنُّ، يَقُولُ: «آجَرَكَ اللَّهُ فِيمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَجَعَلَهَا لَكَ طَهُورًا، وَبَارَكَ لَكَ فِيمَا أَبْقَيْتَ»،\n\n٨٤١٠ - وَمَا دَعَا لَهُ بِهِ أَجْزَأَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ \".\n\n٨٤١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا بَعَثَ بِنَاقَةٍ مِنْ حُسْنِهَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ فِيهِ وَفِي إِبِلِهِ» ⦗١٧٧⦘\n\n٨٤١٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَتَاهُ قَوْمٌ بِصَدَقَتِهِمْ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى آلِ فُلَانٍ»، فَأَتَاهُ أَبِي بِصَدَقَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى آلِ أَبِي أَوْفَى»","vol":"6","page":176},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-513>بَابُ تَرْكِ التَّعَدِّي عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":178},{"text":"٨٤١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: مُرَّ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِغَنَمٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَرَأَى فِيهَا شَاةً حَافِلًا ذَاتَ ضَرْعٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذِهِ الشَّاةُ؟»، فَقَالُوا: شَاةٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَقَالَ ⦗١٧٩⦘ عُمَرُ: «مَا أَعْطَى هَذِهِ أَهْلُهَا وَهُمْ طَائِعُونَ، لَا تَفْتِنُوا النَّاسَ، لَا تَأْخُذُوا حَزَرَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، نَكِّبُوا عَنِ الطَّعَامِ».\n\n٨٤١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: تَوَهَّمَ عُمَرُ أَنَّ أَهْلَهَا لَمْ يَتَطَوَّعُوا بِهَا، وَلَمْ يَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ذَاتَ دَرٍّ، فَقَالَ هَذَا،\n\n٨٤١٥ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لِمُعَاذٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ مُصَدِّقًا: «إِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ»،\n\n٨٤١٦ - وَفِي كُلِّ هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ خِيَارُ الْمَالِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ،\n\n٨٤١٧ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى","vol":"6","page":178},{"text":"٨٤١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، وَابْنِ طَاوُسٍ: أَنَّ طَاوُوسًا وَلِيَ صَدَقَاتِ الرَّكْبِ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، فَكَانَ يَأْتِي الْقَوْمَ، فَيَقُولُ: «زَكُّوا يَرْحَمْكُمُ اللَّهُ مِمَّا أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ»، فَمَا أَعْطَوْهُ قَبِلَهُ، ثُمَّ يَسْأَلُهُمْ: «أَيْنَ مَسَاكِينُهُمْ؟»، فَيَأْخُذُهَا مِنْ هَذَا، وَيَدْفَعُهَا إِلَى هَذَا، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ لِنَفْسِهِ فِي عَمَلِهِ وَلَمْ يَبِعْ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ إِلَى الْوَالِي مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، وَأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ مِنَ الرَّكْبِ كَانَ إِذَا وَلَّى، لَمْ يَقُلْ لَهُ: هَلُمَّ ⦗١٨٠⦘\n\n٨٤١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا يَسَعُ مَنْ وَلِيَهُمْ عِنْدِي وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَحْتَاطَ لِأَهْلِ السُّهْمَانِ","vol":"6","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-514>غُلُولُ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":181},{"text":"٨٤٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: اسْتَعْمَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ عَلَى صَدَقَةٍ، فَقَالَ: «اتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَا أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ، لَا تَأْتِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِبَعِيرٍ تَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى رَقَبَتِكَ لَهُ رُغَاءٌ، أَوْ بَقَرَةٍ لَهَا خُوَارٌ، أَوْ شَاةٍ لَهَا ثُؤَاجٌ»، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ ذَا لِكَذَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِي، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِلَّا مِنْ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ» قَالَ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا أَعْمَلُ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ أَبَدًا","vol":"6","page":181},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-515>الْهَدِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِي بِسَبَبِ الْوِلَايَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":182},{"text":"٨٤٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ قَالَ: اسْتَعْمَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَسْدِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ اللُّتْبِيَّةِ قَالَ عَمْرٌو، وَابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ: عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ: هَذَا لَكُمْ، وَهَذَا لِي، أُهْدِيَ لِي، قَالَ: فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: \" مَا بَالُ عَامَلٍ أَبْعَثُهُ، فَيَقُولُ: هَذَا لَكُمْ وَهَذَا أُهْدِيَ لِي، أَفَلَا قَعَدَ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِيهِ أَوْ فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّهِ حَتَّى يَنْظُرَ أَيُهْدَى إِلَيْهِ أَمْ لَا، وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ، لَا يَنَالُ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا جَاءَ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى عُنُقِهُ، بَعِيرٌ لَهُ رُغَاءٌ، أَوْ بَقَرَةٌ لَهَا خُوَارٌ، أَوْ شَاةٌ تَيْعَرُ \" ⦗١٨٣⦘ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا عُفْرَتَيْ إِبْطَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ» مَرَّتَيْنِ،\n\n٨٤٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ قَالَ: بَصُرَ عَيْنِي، وَسَمِعَ أُذُنِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَسَلُوا زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، حَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَحَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ لَمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ","vol":"6","page":182},{"text":"٨٤٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ، ثِقَةٍ سَمَّاهُ، لَا يَحْضُرُنِي ذِكْرُ اسْمِهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَلِي عَدَنَ، فَأَحْسَنَ فِيهَا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ الْأَعَاجِمِ بِهَدِيَّةٍ لَهُ حَمْدًا لَهُ عَلَى إِحْسَانِهِ، فَكَتَبَ فِيهَا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: قَوْلًا مَعْنَاهُ: «يُجْعَلُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ»","vol":"6","page":183},{"text":"٨٤٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ الْجُمَحِيُّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗١٨٤⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تُخَالِطُ الصَّدَقَةُ مَالًا إِلَّا أَهْلَكَتْهُ»\n\n٨٤٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ: يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنَّ خِيَانَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ تُتْلِفُ الْمَالَ الْمَخْلُوطَ بِالْخِيَانَةِ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ","vol":"6","page":183},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-516>بَابُ مَنْ يَلْزَمُهِ زَكَاةُ الْفِطْرِ</span>","vol":"6","page":185},{"text":"٨٤٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗١٨٦⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى النَّاسِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، عَلَى كُلِّ حُرٍّ وَعَبْدٍ، ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٨٤٢٧ - وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، عَلَى كُلِّ حُرٍّ وَعَبْدٍ، صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ،\n\n٨٤٢٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: عَنْ كُلِّ صَغِيرٍ وَكَبِيرٍ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ","vol":"6","page":185},{"text":"٨٤٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ ⦗١٨٧⦘، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ عَلَى الْحَرِّ وَالْعَبْدِ، وَالذَّكَرِ وَالْأُنْثَى مِمَّنْ تَمُونُونَ»،\n\n٨٤٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: \" فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى كُلِّ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ، أَوْ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ، مِمَّنْ تَمُونُونَ: صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنَ زَبِيبٍ عَنْ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ \"،\n\n٨٤٣١ - وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ آبَائِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"6","page":186},{"text":"٨٤٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «كُنَّا نُخْرِجُ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ زَبِيبٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ أَقِطٍ».\n\n٨٤٣٣ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ إِلَى آخِرِهِنَّ ⦗١٨٨⦘\n\n٨٤٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا كُلُّهُ نَأْخُذُ،\n\n٨٤٣٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَفْرِضْهَا إِلَّا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَذَلِكَ مُوَافَقَةً لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، فَإِنَّهُ جَعَلَ الزَّكَاةَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ طَهُورًا، وَالطَّهُورُ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ،\n\n٨٤٣٦ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَقَالَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: صَدَقَةُ الْفِطْرِ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ،\n\n٨٤٣٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ قَدْ أَطَاقَ الصَّوْمَ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ","vol":"6","page":187},{"text":"٨٤٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ طُهْرَةً لِلصَّائِمِ مِنَ اللَّغْوِ وَالرَّفَثِ، وَطُعْمَةً لِلْمَسَاكِينِ، مَنْ أَدَّاهَا قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَهِيَ زَكَاةٌ مَقْبُولَةٌ، وَمَنْ أَدَّاهَا بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ فَهِيَ صَدَقَةٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقَاتِ».\n\n٨٤٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ⦗١٨٩⦘ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ يَعْنِي الدِّمَشْقِيَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَزِيدَ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ وَكَانَ شَيْخَ صِدْقٍ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ يَرْوِي عَنْهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَيَّارُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الصَّدَفِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٤٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَعْفَرٍ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَضَهَا عَلَى الْمَرْءِ فِي نَفْسِهِ، وَمَنْ يَعُولُ،\n\n٨٤٤١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ دَلَالَةٌ شَبِيهَةٌ بِدَلَالَةِ حَدِيثِ جَعْفَرٍ، إِذْ فَرَضَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْحَرِّ وَالْعَبْدِ، فَالْعَبْدُ لَا مَالَ لَهُ، فَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا فَرَضَهَا عَلَى سَيِّدِهِ، وَمَا لَا خِلَافَ فِيهِ: أَنَّ عَلَى السَّيِّدِ فِي عَبْدِهِ وَأَمَتِهِ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ، وَهُمَا مِمَّنْ يَمُونُ","vol":"6","page":188},{"text":"٨٤٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُخْرِجُ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ عَنْ غِلْمَانِهِ الَّذِينَ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى، وَخَيْبَرَ»\n\n٨٤٤٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي صُعَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي صَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرِ عَلَى الْغَنِيِّ وَالْفَقِيرِ قَالَ: «فَأَمَّا الْغَنِيُّ فَيُزَكِّيهِ اللَّهُ، وَأَمَّا الْفَقِيرُ فَيَرُدُّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَعْطَى»،\n\n٨٤٤٤ - وَإِسْنَادُهُ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ عِنْدُ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَمَتْنُهُ","vol":"6","page":189},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-517>بَابُ مَكِيلَةِ زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ</span>","vol":"6","page":190},{"text":"٨٤٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى النَّاسِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ. كَمَا مَضَى","vol":"6","page":192},{"text":"٨٤٤٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَدَقَةَ الْفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، عَلَى كُلِّ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ، ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ، وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ،\n\n٨٤٤٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ، وَاللَّيْثِ، مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ قَالَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «فَعَدَلَ النَّاسُ بِهِ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ» ⦗١٩٣⦘\n\n٨٤٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْعَتَكِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: فَعَدَلَ النَّاسُ بِهِ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ","vol":"6","page":192},{"text":"٨٤٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنُ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْحَرَشِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِزَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ» قَالَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ عِدْلَهُ مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ،\n\n٨٤٥٠ - هَكَذَا فِي الرِّوَايَاتِ الصَّحِيحَةِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، لَمْ يُبَيِّنِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ عِدْلَهُ مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ،\n\n٨٤٥١ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَخَالَفَ الْجَمَاعَةَ فِي لَفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ عُمَرُ، وَكَثُرَتِ الْحِنْطَةُ، جَعَلَ عُمَرُ نِصْفَ صَاعِ حِنْطَةٍ مَكَانَ صَاعٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَشْيَاءِ، وَابْنُ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا بِسُوءِ الْحِفْظِ، وَكَثْرَةِ الْغَلَطِ، وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ زَمَنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗١٩٤⦘،\n\n٨٤٥٢ - وَقَدْ أَطَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ الْكَلَامَ فِي تَخْطِئَةِ رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَمُخَالَفَتِهِ رِوَايَةَ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي لَفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَزِيَادَةِ: السُّلْتِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ، وَتَعْدِيلِ عُمَرَ فِيهِ","vol":"6","page":193},{"text":"٨٤٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، سَمِعَ عِيَاضَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ قَالَ: \" كُنَّا نُخْرِجُ فِي زَمَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَاعًا مِنَ طَعَامٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ زَبِيبٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ أَقِطٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، فَلَمْ نَزَلْ نُخْرِجُهُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ مُعَاوِيَةُ حَاجًّا، أَوْ مُعْتَمِرًا، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، فَكَانَ فِيمَا كَلَّمَ بِهِ النَّاسَ أَنْ قَالَ: إِنِّي أَرَى مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ سَمْرَاءِ الشَّامِ تَعْدِلُ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ بِذَلِكَ \" ⦗١٩٥⦘.\n\n٨٤٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عِيسَى الطَّبَّاعُ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْفَرَّاءِ: صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ زَبِيبٍ، بِإِثْبَاتِ: «أَوْ» فِيهِ،\n\n٨٤٥٥ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُخْرِجُ إِذْ كَانَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ، عَنْ كُلِّ صَغِيرٍ وَكَبِيرٍ، حُرٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ، صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ أَقِطٍ»، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ فِي آخِرِهِ: قَالَ: أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَلَا أَزَالُ أُخْرِجُهُ كَمَا كُنْتُ أُخْرِجُهُ أَبَدًا مَا عِشْتُ،\n\n٨٤٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، هُوَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٤٥٧ - ورُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الْفَرَّاءِ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ الْبِرْتِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ كَذَا بِإِثْبَاتِ: «أَوْ» فِيهِ","vol":"6","page":194},{"text":"٨٤٥٨ - وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ لَمَّا جَعَلَ نِصْفَ الصَّاعِ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ، عِدْلَ صَاعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَقَالَ:  «لَا أُخْرِجُ فِيهَا إِلَّا الَّذِي كُنْتُ أُخْرِجُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»،\n\n٨٤٥٩ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عِيَاضٍ، بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ، وَفِيهِ صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، بِإِثْبَاتِ: «أَوْ» فِيهِ،\n\n٨٤٦٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ فِي غَيْرِ رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ عَنْهُ ⦗١٩٦⦘.\n\n٨٤٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَيَّامَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَكَانَ يُعْطِي زَكَاةَ فِطْرِهِ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ إِلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ، فَمِنَ الْمُحَالِ أَنْ يَقَعَ هَذَا التَّعْدِيلُ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ إِذَا فَعَلَ مُعَاوِيَةُ مِثْلَهُ يُنْكِرُهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ هَذَا الْإِنْكَارَ،\n\n٨٤٦٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ صَدَقَةُ الْفِطْرِ، فَقَالَ: \" لَا أَخْرَجُ إِلَّا مَا كُنْتُ أُخْرِجُهُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ أَقِطٍ \"، فَقَالَ: لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: أَوْ مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ قَمْحٍ، فَقَالَ: «لَا، تِلْكَ قِيمَةُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَلَا أَقْبَلُهَا، وَلَا أَعْمَلُ بِهَا»،\n\n٨٤٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبَجَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٤٦٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَلَفْظَةُ «الْحِنْطَةُ» فِيهِ، إِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا، فَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ: صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ فِي سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ الْحِنْطَةُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ وَهَّنُوهُ، وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ الْمَحْفُوظَ: صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، صَاعًا مِنْ كَذَا، عَلَى طَرِيقِ التَّفْسِيرِ لِلطَّعَامِ بِمَا ذُكِرَ بَعْدَهُ،\n\n٨٤٦٥ - إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ تَوَاتَرَتِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتُ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ الْأَثْبَاتِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِأَنَّ التَّعْدِيلَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ، وَأَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ مَا فَعَلَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٨٤٦٦ - فَثَبَتَ بِحَدِيثِهِ، وَحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ خَطَأُ الرِّوَايَاتِ الَّتِي ذُكِرَ فِيهَا فَرْضُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرِّ ⦗١٩٧⦘،\n\n٨٤٦٧ - وَثَبَتَ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَنَّ التَّعْدِيلَ كَانَ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بِخِلَافِ قَوْلِ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مِنْ جَمَاعَةِ الصَّحَابَةِ،\n\n٨٤٦٨ - وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ دَعْوَى الْإِجْمَاعِ فِيهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ يُنْكِرُهُ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ؟\n\n٨٤٦٩ - وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا: صَاعٌ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ، وَرُوِيَ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ،\n\n٨٤٧٠ - وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ صَاعٌ، وَإِلَى مِثْلِهِ ذَهَبَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَبِهِ قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَأَحْمَدُ، وَإِسْحَاقُ\n\n٨٤٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ زَعَمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ نَصَرَ قَوْلَ مَنْ قَالَ: يُجْزِئُ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ: أَنْ لَا حُجَّةَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونُوا يُعْطُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَيَزِيدُونَ فَضْلًا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِرِوَايَةٍ رَوَاهَا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ: أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بَعَثَ إِلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَنِ ابْعَثْ إِلَيَّ بِزَكَاةِ رَقِيقِكَ، فَقَالَ: أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: إِنَّ مَرْوَانَ لَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ نُعْطِيَ لِكُلِّ رَأْسِ عَبْدٍ كُلَّ فِطْرٍ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ ⦗١٩٨⦘،\n\n٨٤٧٢ - وَهَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ فَلِأَنَّ مَرْوَانَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يُطَالِبُهُمْ، عَنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ عَلَى تَعْدِيلِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَقَالَ: أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُ ذَلِكَ فَلِمَ يُطَالِبْنِي بِالزِّيَادَةِ؟\n\n٨٤٧٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ فِي حَدِيثِ عِيَاضٍ بِمَا كَانَ يُخْرِجُهُ، وَأَنْكَرَ تَعْدِيلَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَكَيْفَ يَصِحُّ هَذَا عَنْهُ إِلَّا عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا،\n\n٨٤٧٤ - وَلَوْ جَازَ لِقَائِلٍ أَنْ يَقُولُ فِي الطَّعَامِ: كَانُوا يُخْرِجُونَ بَعْضَهُ فَرْضًا، وَبَعْضَهُ فَضْلًا، لَجَازَ لِغَيْرِهِ أَنْ يَقُولُ مِثْلَهُ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَجْنَاسِ، وَلَجَازَ لِغَيْرِهِ أَنْ يَقُولُ: فِي الْمُدَّيْنِ: إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ فِيمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَلَكِنَّ الْأَمْرَ عَلَى مَا بَيَّنَّا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":195},{"text":"٨٤٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَقِيلِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْقُرَشِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ مُسَافِرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ».\n\n٨٤٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ مُدَّيْنِ خَطَأٌ\n\n٨٤٧٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَنَّ التَّعْدِيلَ بِمُدَّيْنِ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ وَقَعَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَنَّهُ وَقَعَ فِي زَمَنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَحَدِيثُهُمَا مَوْصُولٌ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْمُنْقَطِعِ، وَإِسْنَادُ حَدِيثِهِمَا أَصَحُّ مِنْ كُلِّ حَدِيثٍ، رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، فَهُوَ مَوْصُولٌ، فَوَجَبَ الْمَصِيرُ إِلَى حَدِيثِهِمَا ⦗١٩٩⦘\n\n٨٤٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَهُوَ الِاحْتِيَاطُ\n\n٨٤٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي صُعَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَقِيلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ، أَوْ ثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «صَاعٌ مِنْ بُرٍّ، أَوْ قَمْحٍ عَنْ كُلِّ اثْنَيْنِ»،\n\n٨٤٨٠ - وَقِيلَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: عَنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ،\n\n٨٤٨١ - وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيِّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَمِيلُ إِلَى تَصْحِيحِ رِوَايَةِ مِنْ رَوَاهُ: عَنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ، أَوْ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ\n\n٨٤٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: صَاعٌ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَنِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ\n\n٨٤٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى هَذَا: سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُوسٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَدَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ، عَنْ عَدَدٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"6","page":198},{"text":"٨٤٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقْتَاتُ حُبُوبًا مُخْتَلِفَةَ، فَالِاخْتِيَارُ لَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ، وَمِنْ أَيِّهَا أَخْرَجَهُ أَجْزَأَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ⦗٢٠٠⦘،\n\n٨٤٨٥ - فَإِنْ كَانَ يَقْتَاتُ حِنْطَةً، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ زَبِيبًا أَوْ تَمْرًا أَوْ شَعِيرًا، كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَأَحْبَبْتُ لَوْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَنْ يُعِيدَ فَيُخْرِجَ حِنْطَةً، لِأَنَّ الْأَغْلَبَ مِنَ الْقُوتِ كَانَ فِي زَمَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ التَّمْرُ، وَكَانَ مِنْ يَقْتَاتُ بِالشَّعِيرِ قَلِيلًا، وَلَعَلَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهَا أَحَدٌ يَقْتَاتُ حِنْطَةً، وَلَعَلَّ الْحِنْطَةَ كَانَتْ بِهَا شَبِيهًا بِالطُّرْفَةِ، فَفَرَضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ قُوتِهِمْ\n\n٨٤٨٦ - قَالَ: وَلَا أَحَبُّ إِذَا اقْتَاتَ رَجُلٌ حِنْطَةً أَنْ يُخْرِجَ غَيْرَهَا، وَأُحِبُّ لَوِ اقْتَاتَ شَعِيرًا أَنْ يُخْرِجَ حِنْطَةً، لِأَنَّهَا أَفْضَلُ","vol":"6","page":199},{"text":"٨٤٨٧ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، «كَانَ لَا يُخْرِجُ فِي زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ إِلَّا التَّمْرَ، إِلَّا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، فَإِنَّهُ أَخْرَجَ شَعِيرًا».\n\n٨٤٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَحْسَبُ نَافِعًا كَانَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ يَقْتَاتُ الْحِنْطَةَ\n\n٨٤٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ إِخْرَاجِ الْحِنْطَةِ\n\n٨٤٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، حَدِيثَ الزَّكَاةِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ دَقِيقٍ،\n\n٨٤٩١ - قَالَ حَامِدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى: فَأَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْهِ فَتَرَكَهُ سُفْيَانُ ⦗٢٠١⦘\n\n٨٤٩٢ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَهَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ وَهْمٌ مِنَ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n٨٤٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":200},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-518>الِاخْتِيَارُ فِي قَسْمِ زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ</span>\n٨٤٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَخْتَارُ قَسْمَ زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ بِنَفْسِي عَلَى طَرَحِهَا عِنْدَ مَنْ يَجْمَعُ عِنْدَهُ","vol":"6","page":202},{"text":"٨٤٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، وَرَجُلٌ يَقُولُ: لَهُ: إِنَّ عَطَاءً أَمَرَنِي أَنِ أَطْرَحَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ: أَفْتَاكَ الْعِلْجُ بِغَيْرِ رَأْيِهِ، اقْسِمْهَا، فَإِنَّمَا يُعْطِيهَا ابْنُ هِشَامٍ أَحْرَاسَهُ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ \"","vol":"6","page":202},{"text":"٨٤٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ سَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الزَّكَاةِ؟ فَقَالَ: اعْطِهَا أَنْتَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَلَمْ يَكُنِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: \" ادْفَعْهَا إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، وَلَكِنِّي لَا أَرَى أَنْ يَدْفَعَهَا إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ \"","vol":"6","page":202},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-519>وَقْتُ زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ</span>","vol":"6","page":203},{"text":"٨٤٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِزَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ أَنْ تُؤَدَّى قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ النَّاسِ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ» ⦗٢٠٤⦘.\n\n٨٤٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ مُوسَى","vol":"6","page":203},{"text":"٨٤٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: «أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَبْعَثُ بِزَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ إِلَى الَّذِي تُجَمَّعُ عِنْدَهُ قَبْلَ الْفِطْرِ، بِيَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ»\n\n٨٥٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا حَسَنٌ وَأَسْتَحِبُهُ لِمَنْ فَعَلَهُ، وَالْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَسَلَّفَ صَدَقَةَ الْعَبَّاسِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِلَّ، فَيَقُولُ: يَقُولُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرُهُ","vol":"6","page":204},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-520>بَابُ الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي صَدَقَةِ التَّطَوُّعِ</span>","vol":"6","page":205},{"text":"٨٥٠١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ: أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «خَيْرُ الصَّدَقَةِ، عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى، وَلْيَبْدَأْ أَحَدُكُمْ بِمَنْ يَعُولُ»\n\n٨٥٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ وُهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، وَعَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِالْإِسْنَادَيْنِ جَمِيعًا","vol":"6","page":206},{"text":"٨٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ رَيْطَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، امْرَأَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأُمُّ وَلَدِهِ قَالَ: وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ صَنَاعًا، وَلَيْسَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَالٌ، وَكَانَتْ تُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى وَلَدِهِ مِنْ ثَمَنِ صَنْعَتِهَا، فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ شَغَلْتَنِي أَنْتَ وَوَلَدُكَ، عَنِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَمَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ مَعَكُمْ، فَقَالَ: فَمَا أُحِبُّ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَجْرٌ أَنْ تَفْعَلِي، فَسَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي امْرَأَةٌ ذَاتَ صَنْعَةٍ وَأَبِيعُ مِنْهَا، وَلَيْسَ لِيَ وَلَا لِوَلَدِي وَلَا لِزَوْجِي شَيْءٌ، فَشَغَلُونِي، فَلَا أَتَصَدَّقُ، فَهَلْ لِيَ ⦗٢٠٧⦘ فِي ذَلِكَ أَجْرٌ؟ فَقَالَ: النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَكِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَجْرُ مَا أَنْفَقْتِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَنْفِقِي عَلَيْهِمْ»،\n\n٨٥٠٤ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ، مُخْتَصَرًا،\n\n٨٥٠٥ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ امْرَأَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: لِبِلَالٍ: سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، لَهَا أَجْرَانِ، أَجْرُ الْقَرَابَةِ، وَأَجْرُ الصَّدَقَةِ»","vol":"6","page":206},{"text":"٨٥٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَتَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَهُوَ يُسَاوِمُ بِمِرْطٍ فِي السُّوقِ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَصْنَعُ يَا عَمْرُو؟ قَالَ: أَشْتَرِي هَذَا فَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: فَأَنْتَ إِذَنْ أَنْتَ قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَضَى، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فَقَالَ: يَا عَمْرُو: مَا صَنَعَ الْمِرْطُ؟ قَالَ: اشْتَرَيْتُهُ، فَتَصَدَّقْتُ بِهِ قَالَ: عَلَى مَنْ؟ قَالَ: عَلَى الرَّفِيقَةِ قَالَ: وَمَنِ الرَّفِيقَةُ؟ قَالَ: امْرَأَتِي قَالَ: وَتَصَدَّقْتَ بِهِ عَلَى امْرَأَتِكِ؟ قَالَ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «مَا أَعْطَيْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ صَدَقَةٌ» قَالَ: يَا عَمْرُو لَا تَكْذِبُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أُفَارِقُكَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ عَائِشَةُ فَتَسْأَلَهَا قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى دَخَلَا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَ: لَهَا عَمْرُو: يَا أُمَّتَاهُ هَذَا عُمَرُ، يَقُولُ لِي: لَا تَكْذِبُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٠٨⦘، نَشَدْتُكِ بِاللَّهِ أَسَمِعْتِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «مَا أَعْطَيْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ صَدَقَةٌ» فَقَالَتِ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ، اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ،\n\n٨٥٠٧ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: مُحَمَّدٌ وَحَمَّادٌ، لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n٨٥٠٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَهُوَ يَحْتَسِبُهَا، كَانَتْ لَهُ صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"6","page":207},{"text":"٨٥٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ابْنَ آدَمَ: أَنْفَقْ أُنْفِقْ عَلَيْكَ \"،\n\n٨٥١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗٢٠٩⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"6","page":208},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-521>الْعَمَلُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":210},{"text":"٨٥١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِصَدَقَةٍ مِنْ كَسْبٍ طَيِّبٍ وَلَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا طَيِّبًا، وَلَا يَصْعَدُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ إِلَّا الطِّيبُ إِلَّا كَانَ إِنَّمَا يَضَعُهَا فِي يَدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ⦗٢١١⦘ فَيُرْبِيهَا كَمَا يُرْبِي أَحَدُكُمْ فُلُوَّهُ، حَتَّى إِنَّ اللُّقْمَةَ لَتَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَإِنَّهَا مِثْلُ الْجَبَلِ الْعَظِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: ﴿أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَاتِ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٤]، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ","vol":"6","page":210},{"text":"٨٥١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَثَلُ الْمُنْفِقِ وَالْبَخِيلِ، كَمَثَلِ رَجُلَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا جُبَّتَانِ، أَوْ جُنَّتَانِ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ مِنْ لَدُنْ ثُدَيِّهِمَا إِلَى تَرَاقِيهِمَا، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ الْمُنْفِقُ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ سَبَغَتْ عَلَيْهِ الدِّرْعُ، أَوْ مَرَّتْ حَتَّى تُجِنَّ بَنَانَهُ، أَوْ ⦗٢١٢⦘ تَعْفُوَ أَثَرَهُ، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ الْبَخِيلُ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ قَلَصَتْ، وَلَزِمَتْ كُلُّ حَلْقَةٍ مَوْضِعَهَا، حَتَّى تَأْخُذَ بِعُنُقِهِ، أَوْ تَرْقَوَتِهِ، فَهُوَ يُوَسِّعُهَا وَلَا تَتَّسِعُ»،\n\n٨٥١٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَهُوَ يُوَسِّعُهَا، وَلَا تَتَوَسَّعُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِالْإِسْنَادَيْنِ","vol":"6","page":211},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-522>صَدَقَةُ النَّافِلَةِ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِ</span>","vol":"6","page":213},{"text":"٨٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: أَتَتْنِي أُمِّي رَاغِبَةً فِي عَهْدِ قُرَيْشٍ، فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَصِلُهَا؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"6","page":213},{"text":"٨٥١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: قَدِمَتْ عَلَيَّ أُمِّي وَهِيَ مُشْرِكَةٌ فِي عَهْدِ قُرَيْشٍ، إِذْ عَاهَدُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاسْتَفْتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ ⦗٢١٤⦘: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي قَدِمَتْ عَلَيَّ، وَهِيَ مُشْرِكَةٌ رَاغِبَةٌ، أَفَأَصِلُهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «صِلِي أُمَّكِ»","vol":"6","page":213},{"text":"٨٥١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُتَصَدَّقَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِ مِنَ النَّافِلَةِ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ حَقٌّ، وَقَدْ حَمِدَ اللَّهُ قَوْمًا، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا، إِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُكُمْ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ لَا نُرِيدُ مِنْكُمْ جَزَاءً وَلَا شُكُورًا﴾ [الإنسان: ٩] \"","vol":"6","page":214},{"text":"٨٥١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ بَشِيرٍ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: ذَبَحَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ شَاةً، فَقَالَ لِقَيِّمِهِ أَوْ لِغُلَامِهِ: هَلْ أَهْدَيْتَ لِجَارِنَا الْيَهُودِيِّ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: فَاهْدِ لَهُ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ:  «مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يُوصِينِي بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُوَرِّثُهُ».\n\n٨٥١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّهُ ذَبَحَ شَاةً، فَقَالَ: أَهْدَيْتُمْ لِجَارِنَا الْيَهُودِيِّ؟ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":214},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-523>الْمَنِيحَةُ</span>","vol":"6","page":215},{"text":"٨٥١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ الْمَنِيحَةُ: تَغْدُو بِعُسٍّ، وَتَرُوحُ بِعُسٍّ \" رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِلَفْظٍ آخَرَ، وَالْمَعْنَى قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُ،\n\n٨٥٢٠ - وَالْعُسُّ: قَالَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ: وَالْحُمَيْدِيُّ مِنْ أَهْلِ اللِّسَانِ: وَهُوَ الْقَدَحُ الضَّخْمُ","vol":"6","page":215},{"text":"٨٥٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٢١٦⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا نِسَاءَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لَا تَحْقِرَنَّ جَارَةٌ لِجَارَتِهَا، وَلَوْ فِرْسِنَ شَاةٍ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ\n\n٨٥٢٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، مَعْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُعَاذٍ الْأَشْهَلِيِّ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ: أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا نِسَاءَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لَا تَحْقِرَنَّ إِحْدَاكُنَّ أَنْ تَهْدِيَ لِجَارَتِهَا، وَلَوُ كُرَاعَ شَاةٍ مُحْرَقًا»","vol":"6","page":215},{"text":"٨٥٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ: أَمَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ:  «لَا يَشْبَعُ الرَّجُلُ دُونَ جَارِهِ» ⦗٢١٧⦘.\n\n٨٥٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":216},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-524>١١ - كِتَابُ الصِّيَامِ</span>","vol":"6","page":219},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-525>بَابُ الصِّيَامِ </span>⦗٢٢٤⦘\n٨٥٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ثَنَاؤُهُ: كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلَكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ، أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ\n\n٨٥٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ وَحَرْمَلَةَ: \" ثُمَّ أَبَانَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ، بِقَوْلِهِ: شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ، إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ،\n\n٨٥٢٧ - وَكَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَلَّا يَجِبُ صَوْمٌ إِلَّا صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ \"","vol":"6","page":221},{"text":"٨٥٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ ⦗٢٢٥⦘: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى، ح\n\n٨٥٢٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَبَائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ: سُمِعَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى، يَقُولُ: \" أُحِيلَتِ الصَّلَاةُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ، وَالصَّوْمُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَحْوَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَمَرَهُمْ بِصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ تَطَوُّعًا غَيْرَ فَرِيضَةٍ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ صِيَامُ رَمَضَانَ، وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا لَمْ يَتَعَوَّدُوا الصِّيَامَ، فَكَانَ يَشْتَدُّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّوْمُ، فَكَانَ مَنْ لَمْ يَصُمْ أَطْعَمَ مِسْكِينًا، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ: ﴿فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٥]، فَكَانَتِ الرُّخْصَةُ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَالْمُسَافِرِ\n\n٨٥٣٠ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فَنَامَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ لَمْ يَأْتِهَا، وَإِذَا نَامَ وَلَمْ يَطْعَمْ، لَمْ يَطْعَمْ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا مِنَ الْقَابِلَةِ، حَتَّى جَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يُرِيدُ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي قَدْ نِمْتُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا تَعْتَلِّينَ، فَوَقَعَ بِهَا، وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَطْعَمَ، فَقَالُوا: حَتَّى نُسَخِّنَ لَكَ شَيْئًا، فَنَامَ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧]، إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧]، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَحْوَالَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْأَذَانِ وَالْمَسْبُوقِ،\n\n٨٥٣١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، فَذَكَرَ أَمَرَ الْقُبْلَةَ أَيْضًا، وَزَادَ فِي الصِّيَامِ صِيَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَبَيَّنَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ: أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّطَوُّعِ لَا عَلَى وَجْهِ الْفَرْضِ ⦗٢٢٦⦘،\n\n٨٥٣٢ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، قِصَّةُ التَّخْيِيرِ وَالنَّسْخِ،\n\n٨٥٣٣ - وَعَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، قِصَّةُ عُمَرَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَنُزُولُ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧]","vol":"6","page":224},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-526>الدُّخُولُ فِي الصَّوْمِ</span>","vol":"6","page":227},{"text":"٨٥٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: «لَا يُجْزِئُ صَوْمُ النَّهَارِ إِلَّا بِنِيَّةٍ، كَمَا لَا يُجْزِئُ الصَّلَاةُ إِلَّا بِنِيَّةٍ»،\n\n٨٥٣٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِيهِ بِأَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: لَا يَصُومُ إِلَّا مِنْ أَجْمَعَ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ،\n\n٨٥٣٦ - وَهَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٨٥٣٧ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ «الْبُوَيْطِيِّ»: لَا صِيَامَ لِمَنْ لَا يُثَبِّتُ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فِي النَّذْرِ وَالْقَضَاءِ، وَيَجِبُ ذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ حَفْصَةَ","vol":"6","page":227},{"text":"٨٥٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٢٨⦘، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «لَا يَصُومُ إِلَّا مِنْ أَجْمَعَ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ»،\n\n٨٥٣٩ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، وَحَفْصَةَ، زَوْجَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٨٥٤٠ - أَرْسَلَهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، وَحَفْصَةَ قَالَا ذَلِكَ، وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، وَقِيلَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"6","page":227},{"text":"٨٥٤١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَنْ لَمْ يُجْمِعِ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ لَهُ» ⦗٢٢٩⦘،\n\n٨٥٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٥٤٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٥٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ: رَفَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ الرُّفَعَاءُ\n\n٨٥٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ مَرْفُوعَةٍ، قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ\n\n٨٥٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا التَّطَوُّعُ، فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَنْوِيَ الصَّوْمَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ مَا لَمْ يَأْكُلْ وَلَمْ يَشْرَبْ،\n\n٨٥٤٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: «هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنْ غَدَاءٍ؟» فَإِنْ، قَالُوا: لَا قَالَ: «إِنِّي صَائِمٌ»","vol":"6","page":228},{"text":"٨٥٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ ⦗٢٣٠⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ لَنَا: «هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ طَعَامٌ؟»، فَإِنْ قُلْنَا: لَا قَالَ: «إِنِّي صَائِمٌ»\n\n٨٥٤٩ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى: «فَإِنِّي إِذَنْ صَائِمٌ»","vol":"6","page":229},{"text":"٨٥٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ: \" أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْتِي أَهْلَهُ حِينَ يَنْتَصِفُ النَّهَارُ، أَوْ قَبْلَهُ، فَيَقُولُ: هَلْ مِنْ غَدَاءٍ؟ فَيَجِدُهُ أَوْ لَا يَجِدُهُ، فَيَقُولُ: «لَأَصُومَنَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ فَيَصُومُهُ»، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُفْطِرًا، وَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْحِينَ، وَهُوَ مُفْطِرٌ\n\n٨٥٥١ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَطَاءٌ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ مُفْطِرًا حَتَّى الضُّحَى أَوْ بَعْدَهُ، وَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ وَجَدَ غَدَاءً أَوْ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ\n\n٨٥٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: يُصْبِحُ مُفْطِرًا: يَعْنِي يُصْبِحُ لَمْ يَنْوِ صَوْمًا، وَلَمْ يَطْعَمْ شَيْئًا\n\n٨٥٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ ⦗٢٣١⦘،\n\n٨٥٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَأَبِي أَيُّوبَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٨٥٥٥ - وَأَمَّا مِنْ دَخَلَ فِي صَوْمِ التَّطَوُّعِ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ، فَقَدْ أَجَازَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَبِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ أَجَابَ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"6","page":230},{"text":"٨٥٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ هُوَ ابْنُ مُصَرِّفٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ: «أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ بَدَا لَهُ بَعْدَ مَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَصَامَ»","vol":"6","page":231},{"text":"٨٥٥٧ - وَفِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «أَحَدُكُمْ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَأْكُلْ أَوْ يَشْرَبْ»\n\n٨٥٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ صَائِمًا حَتَّى يَنْوِيَ الصَّوْمَ قَبْلَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ: الْمُتَطَوِّعُ بِالصَّوْمِ مَتَى شَاءَ نَوَى الصِّيَامَ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ وَاجِبٌ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَنْوِيَهُ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ","vol":"6","page":231},{"text":"٨٥٥٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَإِسْحَاقَ الْأَزْرَقِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ بْنِ الْأَحْنَفِ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ، يَعْنِي جَاءَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، رَجُلٌ فَصَلَّى مَعَهُ الظُّهْرَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَظْلَلْتُ الْيَوْمَ، لَا صَائِمًا وَلَا مُفْطِرًا، كُنْتُ أَتَقَاضَى غَرِيمًا لِي، فَمَا تَرَى؟ قَالَ: «إِنْ شِئْتَ صُمْتَ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَفْطَرْتَ»","vol":"6","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-527>الصَّوْمُ لِرُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ</span>","vol":"6","page":232},{"text":"٨٥٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ، وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":232},{"text":"٨٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا، وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ»،\n\n٨٥٦٢ - وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَصُومُ قَبْلَ الْهِلَالِ بِيَوْمٍ، قِيلَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: يَتَقَدَّمُهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ\n\n٨٥٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَصُومُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا غَمَّ الْهِلَالُ، فَلَمْ يُرَ السَّحَابُ، أَوْ غَيْرُهُ، حَالَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رُؤْيَتِهِ","vol":"6","page":233},{"text":"٨٥٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَحْيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «كَانَ إِذَا كَانَ سَحَابٌ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَحَابٌ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا»","vol":"6","page":233},{"text":"٨٥٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ⦗٢٣٤⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ»\n\n٨٥٦٦ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَبْعَثُ يَعْنِي لَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثِينَ مَنْ يَنْظُرُ، فَإِنْ رَأَوَا الْهِلَالَ صَامَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرَوْا أَفْطَرَ، فَإِنْ حَالَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ قَتَرَةٌ أَوْ سَحَابٌ صَامَ\n\n٨٥٦٧ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ، وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَقَتَادَةُ إِذَا حَالَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْهِلَالِ قَتَرَةٌ أَفْطَرُوا،\n\n٨٥٦٨ - وَكَانَ مِنْ رَأْيِ سَعِيدٍ أَنْ يَصُومَ\n\n٨٥٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَعَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ كَانَ يَقُومُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ،\n\n٨٥٧٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَرِيبٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"6","page":233},{"text":"٨٥٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ: عَنِ الشَّهْرِ إِذَا غُمَّ؟ فَقَالَتْ:  «أَصُومُ يَوْمًا مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ»،\n\n٨٥٧٢ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٨٥٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ»، إِنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا يُقْدَرُ لَهُ أَنَّا رَأَيْنَا هِلَالَ شَعْبَانَ لِكَذَا وَكَذَا فَالصَّوْمُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لِكَذَا وَكَذَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٨٥٧٤ - وَعَلَى هَذَا تَدُلُّ سَائِرُ الرِّوَايَاتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَابْنِ ⦗٢٣٥⦘ عَبَّاسٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ أَمَرَ عِنْدَ عَدَمِ الرُّؤْيَةِ بِإِكْمَالِ الْعِدَّةِ\n\n٨٥٧٥ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَحْصُوا هِلَالَ شَعْبَانَ لِرَمَضَانَ \"","vol":"6","page":234},{"text":"٨٥٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: عَجِبْتُ مِمَّنْ يَتَقَدَّمُ الشَّهْرَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ، وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ»","vol":"6","page":235},{"text":"٨٥٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: عَجِبْتُ لِمَنْ يَتَقَدَّمُ الشَّهْرَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَصُومُوا، وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ».\n\n٨٥٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَقَالَ: «فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ»","vol":"6","page":236},{"text":"٨٥٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ بِيَوْمٍ وَلَا يَوْمَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ ذَلِكَ صَوْمًا كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ، صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ»","vol":"6","page":236},{"text":"٨٥٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَقَدَّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ، إِلَّا رَجُلٌ كَانَ يَصُومُ صَوْمًا فَلْيَصُمْهُ». أَخْرَجَهَا الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ يَحْيَى","vol":"6","page":237},{"text":"٨٥٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهُ نَأْخُذُ، وَالظَّاهِرُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ لَا يُصَامَ حَتَّى يُرَى الْهِلَالُ، وَلَا يُفْطَرَ حَتَّى يُرَى،\n\n٨٥٨٢ - عَلَى مَعْنَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِوَاجِبٍ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ، وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ رَآهُ غَيْرُكُمْ، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا يَعْنِي فِيمَا قَبْلَ الصَّوْمِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُونَ عَلَى يَقِينٍ مِنْ أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمُ الصَّوْمَ، وَكَذَلِكَ فَاصْنَعُوا فِي عَدَدِ رَمَضَانَ، فَتَكُونُونَ عَلَى يَقِينٍ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَكُمُ الْفِطْرُ، لِأَنَّكُمْ قَدْ صُمْتُمْ كَمَالَ الشَّهْرِ،\n\n٨٥٨٣ - وَابْنُ عُمَرَ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ الْحَدِيثَ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ، فَكَانَ يَتَقَدَّمُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ،\n\n٨٥٨٤ - وَحَدِيثُ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ: «لَا تَصُومُوا إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ ذَلِكَ صَوْمًا كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ»، يَحْتَمِلُ مَعْنَى مَذْهَبِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي صَوْمَهُ قَبْلَ رَمَضَانَ، إِلَّا أَنْ تَصُومُوهُ عَلَى مَا كُنْتُمْ تَصُومُونَهُ مُتَطَوِّعِينَ، لَا أَنَّ وَاجِبًا أَنْ تَصُومُوهُ إِذَا لَمْ تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ ⦗٢٣٨⦘،\n\n٨٥٨٥ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ خِلَافُهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَنْهَى أَنْ يُوصَلَ بِرَمَضَانَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلٌ اعْتَادَ صَوْمًا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ، فَوَافَقَ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ الصَّوْمِ يَوْمًا يَصِلُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ \"،\n\n٨٥٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَأَخْتَارُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ الرَّجُلُ يَوْمَ الشَّكِّ فِي هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ يَصُومُهُ» فَاخْتَارَ صِيَامَهُ، وَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ التَّوْفِيقَ\n\n٨٥٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي اخْتَارَهُ أَصَحُّ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ الشَّكِّ فَقَدْ عَصَى أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ»","vol":"6","page":237},{"text":"٨٥٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ صِلَةَ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ عَمَّارٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ، فَأُتِيَ بِشَاةٍ فَتَنَحَّى بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ، فَقَالَ عَمَّارُ:  «مَنْ صَامَ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ فَقَدْ عَصَى أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ» ⦗٢٣٩⦘،\n\n٨٥٨٩ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، ذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ مَتْنَهُ فِي «التَّرْجَمَةِ»","vol":"6","page":238},{"text":"٨٥٩٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي عَبَّادٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ صِيَامٍ قَبْلَ رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ، وَالْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ، وَأَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ»،\n\n٨٥٩١ - فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبَّادٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٥٩٢ - وَهَذَا مِمَّا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ أَبُو عَبَّادٍ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٌّ بِهِ، وَرَوَاهُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَهُ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَالْوَاقِدِيُّ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗٢٤٠⦘،\n\n٨٥٩٣ - وَرَوَى مُجَالِدٌ، عَنْ عَامِرِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيًّا، كَانَا يَنْهَيَانِ عَنْ صَوْمِ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ»\n\n٨٥٩٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ مَوْصُولٍ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ،\n\n٨٥٩٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا انْتَصَفَ شَعْبَانُ فَلَا تَصُومُوا» فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيِّ لَا يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ ⦗٢٤١⦘،\n\n٨٥٩٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ: «أَصُمْتَ مِنْ سُرَرِ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ شَيْئًا؟» قَالَ: لَا، يَعْنِي شَعْبَانَ قَالَ: «فَإِذَا أَفْطَرْتَ فَصُمْ يَوْمًا أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ»، فَإِنَّهُ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ\n\n٨٥٩٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «صُومُوا الشَّهْرَ وَسُرَرَهُ»،\n\n٨٥٩٨ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِالشَّهْرِ الْهِلَالَ، وَأَرَادَ بِالسُّرَرِ آخِرَ الشَّهْرِ، فَكَأَنَّهُ اسْتَحَبَّ صَوْمَ أَوَّلِ الشَّهْرِ وَآخِرَهُ،\n\n٨٥٩٩ - فَمَنْ كَرِهَ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ الشَّكِّ حَمَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ عَلِمَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَادَاتِهِ، أَوْ أَرَادَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي يَسْتَسِرُّ فِيهِ الْقَمَرُ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الشَّكِّ،\n\n٨٦٠٠ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِالسُّرَرِ: وَسَطَ الشَّهْرِ، وَسُرَرُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ جَوْفُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَيَّامَ الْبِيضِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":239},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-528>الشَّهَادَةُ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ</span>","vol":"6","page":242},{"text":"٨٦٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ، لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ، وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ»، وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي نَسْخٍ عَنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، عَنِ ⦗٢٤٣⦘ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ سَائِرُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ مَالِكِ: فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ\n\n٨٦٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ فِي قَوْلِ: الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ: يَعْنِي أَنَّ الشَّهْرَ قَدْ يَكُونُ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ، فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ بِالْأَهِلَّةِ\n\n٨٦٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَوْلُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ: \" شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ: رَمَضَانُ، وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ \" قَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى،\n\n٨٦٠٤ - وَهُوَ إِذَا كَانَ الِاعْتِبَارُ بِالْأَهِلَّةِ، فَهُوَ وَإِنْ خَرَجَ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ فَلَيْسَ بِنَاقِصٍ فِي الْحُكْمِ، وَإِنَّمَا خَصَّ بِالذِّكْرِ هَذَيْنِ الشَّهْرَيْنِ لِاخْتِصَاصِهِمَا بِتَعَلُّقِ حُكْمِ الصَّوْمِ وَالْعِيدِ وَالْحَجِّ بِهِمَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٨٦٠٥ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ لَمْ تَرَ الْعَامَّةُ هِلَالَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَيَرَاهُ رَجُلٌ عَدْلٌ، رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَقْبَلَهُ لِلْأَثَرِ، وَالِاحْتِيَاطِ","vol":"6","page":242},{"text":"٨٦٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ ⦗٢٤٤⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ حُسَيْنٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا شَهِدَ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ \"، وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَصُومُوا، وَقَالَ:  «أَصُومُ يَوْمًا مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ»،\n\n٨٦٠٧ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَعْدُ: لَا يُجَوِّزُ عَلِيٌّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا بِشَاهِدَيْنِ\n\n٨٦٠٨ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخِرَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِالصَّوْمِ فَعَلَى مَعْنَى الْمَشُورَةِ لَا عَلَى مَعْنَى الْإِلْزَامِ","vol":"6","page":243},{"text":"٨٦٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَبْصَرْتُ الْهِلَالَ اللَّيْلَةَ، يَعْنِي هِلَالَ رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ: «أَتَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنْ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «قُمْ يَا بِلَالُ فَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ فَلْيَصُومُوا»،\n\n٨٦١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ⦗٢٤٥⦘ بْنِ بَالَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ الْأَزْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٦١١ - أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، وَالْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَعَنْ سِمَاكٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٨٦١٢ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَنَادَى فِي النَّاسِ أَنْ يَقُومُوا وَأَنْ يَصُومُوا، وَلَمُ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ الْقِيَامَ إِلَّا حَمَّادٌ","vol":"6","page":244},{"text":"٨٦١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَاعِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَتِيقٍ الْعَبْسِيُّ، بِدِمَشْقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «تَرَاءَى النَّاسُ الْهِلَالَ، فَأَخْبَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ، فَصَامَ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِالصِّيَامِ» وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ\n\n٨٦١٤ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ فِي كِتَابِ «الصِّيَامِ»: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا ⦗٢٤٦⦘: لَا أَقْبَلُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا شَاهِدَيْنِ، وَهَذَا الْقِيَاسُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَغِيبٍ اسْتُدِلَّ عَلَيْهِ بِبَيِّنَةٍ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: جَمَاعَةً\n\n٨٦١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: مُتَابَعَةُ الْآثَارِ أَوْلَى","vol":"6","page":245},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-529>الْهِلَالُ يُرَى بِالنَّهَارِ</span>","vol":"6","page":247},{"text":"٨٦١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ الْحَافِظُ الزَّاهِدُ ﵁، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ «أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ الْهِلَالَ رُئِيَ فِي زَمَانِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ بِالْعَشِيِّ، فَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ عُثْمَانُ حَتَّى غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ»،\n\n٨٦١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ: «أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ الْهِلَالَ رُئِيَ فِي زَمَانِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ بِعَشِيٍّ، فَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ حَتَّى أَمْسَى، وَغَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ»","vol":"6","page":247},{"text":"٨٦١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِيهِ: إِذَا رُئِيَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ قَوْلُنَا، وَقَالَ: إِذَا رُئِيَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ أَفْطِرُوا، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّمَا اتَّبَعْنَا فِي هَذَا أَثَرًا رُوِّينَاهُ، وَلَيْسَ بِقِيَاسٍ، فَقُلْنَا: الْأَثَرُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُتَّبَعَ مِنَ الْقِيَاسِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَهُوَ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِه\n\n٨٦١٩ - ِ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْأَثَرُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هُوَ مَا رَوَاهُ مُغِيرَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى عُتْبَةَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ:  «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ ⦗٢٤٨⦘ نَهَارًا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ لِتَمَامِ ثَلَاثِينَ فَأَفْطِرُوا، وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ بَعْدَمَا تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَصُومُوا»، أَوْ قَالَ: «حَتَّى تُمْسُوا»،\n\n٨٦٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٦٢١ - وَهَذَا الْأَثَرُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا بِخِلَافِ هَذَا","vol":"6","page":247},{"text":"٨٦٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ صَخْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ قَالَ: أَتَانَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ بِخَانِقِينَ: «أَنَّ الْأَهِلَّةَ بَعْضُهَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ شَاهِدَانِ أَنَّهُمَا رَأَيَاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ»،\n\n٨٦٢٣ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ،\n\n٨٦٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي أُنَاسٍ رَأَوْا هِلَالَ الْفِطْرِ نَهَارًا: «لَا يَصْلُحُ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ لَيْلًا مِنْ حَيْثِ يُرَى» ⦗٢٤٩⦘،\n\n٨٦٢٥ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٨٦٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِنَا،\n\n٨٦٢٧ - وَيَرْوِي الْوَاقِدِيُّ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَقُولُ: «أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَائِمًا صُبْحَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا، فَرَأَى هِلَالَ شَوَّالٍ نَهَارًا، فَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ حَتَّى أَمْسَى»، وَالْوَاقِدِيُّ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n٨٦٢٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى الْهِلَالَ ضُحًى لِتَمَامِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا، فَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا»، وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ لَا تَثْبُتُ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ فِي قَوْلِ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"6","page":248},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-530>مَنْ أَصْبَحَ جُنُبًا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ</span>","vol":"6","page":250},{"text":"٨٦٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي يُونُسَ، مَوْلَى عَائِشَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ عَلَى الْبَابِ، وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا، وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الصِّيَامَ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: «وَأَنَا أُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا، وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الصِّيَامَ فَأَغْتَسِلُ وَأَصُومُ»، فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِثْلَنَا قَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ، فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ أَخْشَاكُمْ لِلَّهِ، وَأَعْلَمَكُمْ بِمَا أَتَّقِي»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ","vol":"6","page":250},{"text":"٨٦٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ أَنَا وَأَبِي عِنْدَ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: مَنْ أَصْبَحَ جُنُبًا أَفْطَرَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ، فَقَالَ: مَرْوَانُ: أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ لَتَذْهَبَنَّ إِلَى أُمَّيِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَلْتَسْأَلَنَّهُمَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّا كُنَّا عِنْدَ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فَذُكِرَ لَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: مَنْ أَصْبَحَ جُنُبًا أَفْطَرَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: لَيْسَ كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَتَرْغَبُ عَمَّا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: لَا وَاللَّهِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «فَأَشْهَدُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ، ثُمَّ يَصُومُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ» قَالَ: ثُمَّ خَرَجْنَا، حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَسَأَلَهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَتْ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ قَالَ: فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى جِئْنَا مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا قَالَتَا، فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ: أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ لَتَرْكَبَنَّ دَابَّتِي فَإِنَّهَا بِالْبَابِ فَلْتَذْهَبَنَّ إِلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ بِأَرْضِهِ بِالْعَقِيقِ، فَلَتُخْبِرَنَّهُ ذَلِكَ، فَرَكِبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَرَكِبْتُ مَعَهُ، حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَتَحَدَّثَ مَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: لَا عِلْمَ لِي بِذَاكَ، إِنَّمَا أَخْبَرَنِيهِ مُخْبِرٌ،\n\n٨٦٣١ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَشُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: «كَذَلِكَ، حَدَّثَنِي الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ»،\n\n٨٦٣٢ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ ⦗٢٥٢⦘ أَبِيهِ، وَفِيهِ: فَقَالَ: أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: سَمِعْتُ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، وَلَمُ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَرَجَعَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَمَّا كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"6","page":251},{"text":"٨٦٣٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُمَيُّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُدْرِكُهُ الصُّبْحُ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، فَيَغْتَسِلُ وَيَصُومُ يَوْمَهُ»","vol":"6","page":252},{"text":"٨٦٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أُمَّيِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَتَا: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ، غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ، ثُمَّ يَصُومُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ","vol":"6","page":252},{"text":"٨٦٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَخَذْنَا بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دُونَ مَا رَوَى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِمَعَانٍ:\n\n٨٦٣٦ - مِنْهَا: أَنَّهُمَا زَوْجَتَاهُ، وَزَوْجَتَاهُ أَعْلَمُ بِهَذَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ إِنَّمَا يَعْرِفُهُ سَمَاعًا أَوْ خَبَرًا\n\n٨٦٣٧ - وَمِنْهَا: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ مُقَدَّمَةٌ فِي الْحِفْظِ، وَأَنَّ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ حَافِظَةٌ، وَرِوَايَةُ اثْنَيْنِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ وَاحِدٍ\n\n٨٦٣٨ - وَمِنْهَا: أَنَّ الَّذِيَ رَوَتَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْمَعْرُوفُ فِي الْمَعْقُولِ، وَالْأَشْبَهُ بِالسُّنَّةِ\n\n٨٦٣٩ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرَحِ هَذَا، وَمَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّ الْغُسْلَ شَيْءٌ وَجَبَ بِالْجِمَاعِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي فِعْلِهِ شَيْءٌ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى صَائِمٍ، وَقَدُ يَحْتَلِمُ بِالنَّهَارِ فَيَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْغُسْلُ، وَيُتِمُّ صَوْمَهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُجَامِعْ فِي نَهَارٍ، وَجَعَلَهُ شَبِيهًا بِالْمُحْرِمِ يُنْهَى عَنِ الطِّيبِ، ثُمَّ يَتَطَيَّبُ حَلَالًا، ثُمَّ يُحْرِمُ وَعَلَيْهِ لَوْنُهُ وَرِيحُهُ، لِأَنَّ نَفْسَ التَّطَيُّبِ كَانَ، وَهُوَ مُبَاحٌ،\n\n٨٦٤٠ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَدْ يَسْمَعُ الرَّجُلُ سَائِلًا يَسْأَلُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَامَعَ بِلَيْلٍ فَأَقَامَ مُجَامِعًا بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ شَيْئًا، فَأُمِرَ بِأَنْ يَقْضِيَ،\n\n٨٦٤١ - فَإِنْ قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ إِذَا أَمْكَنَ هَذَا عَلَى مُحَدِّثٍ ثِقَةٍ ثَبَتَ حَدِيثُهُ، وَلَزِمَتْ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ؟\n\n٨٦٤٢ - قِيلَ: كَمَا يَلْزَمُ بِشَهَادَةِ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ فِي الْحُكْمِ فِي الْمَالِ وَالدَّمِ مَا لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُمَا غَيْرُهُمَا، وَقَدْ يُمْكِنُ عَلَيْهِمَا الْغَلَطُ وَالْكَذِبُ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ الْحَكَمُ ⦗٢٥٤⦘ كَانَا عَدْلَيْنِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ، وَلَوْ شَهِدَ غَيْرُهُمَا بِضَدِّ شَهَادَتِهِمَا لَمْ يَسْتَعْمِلْ شَهَادَتِهِمَا كَمَا يَسْتَعْمِلُ إِذَا انْفَرَدَا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرَحِ هَذَا،\n\n٨٦٤٣ - وَقَدْ حَمَلَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى النَّسخِ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ كَانَ الْجِمَاعُ بِاللَّيْلِ بَعْدَ النَّوْمِ حَرَامًا، فَمَنْ جَامَعَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ جُنُبًا، لَمْ يَصِحَّ صَوْمُهُ، فَلَمَّا صَارَ ذَلِكَ حَلَالًا جَازَ لَهُ أَنْ يُصْبِحَ جُنُبًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":253},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-531>وَقْتُ الصَّوْمِ</span>\n٨٦٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي يَحْرُمُ فِيهِ الطَّعَامُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ الْفَجْرُ الْآخِرُ مُعْتَرِضًا فِي الْأُفُقِ، وَكَذَلِكَ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧]","vol":"6","page":255},{"text":"٨٦٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، وَالْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَمْنَعَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْكُمْ أَذَانُ بِلَالٍ مِنْ سَحُورِهِ، فَإِنَّمَا يُنَادِي لِيُوقِظَ نَائِمَكُمْ، وَيُرْجِعَ قَائِمَكُمْ»،\n\n٨٦٤٦ - قَالَ جَرِيرٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: وَلَيْسَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَصَوَّبَ يَدَهُ وَرَفَعَهَا حَتَّى يَقُولَ: هَكَذَا وَفَرَّجَ بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْهِ ⦗٢٥٦⦘، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ،\n\n٨٦٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْفَجْرُ فَجْرَانِ، فَجَرٌ يَطْلُعُ بِلَيْلٍ يَحِلُّ فِيهِ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ، وَلَا تَحِلُّ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَفَجَرٌ تَحِلُّ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَيُحَرَّمُ فِيهِ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَنْتَشِرُ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْجِبَالِ»، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٨٦٤٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، وَرُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا، بِذِكْرِ جَابِرٍ فِيهِ","vol":"6","page":255},{"text":"٨٦٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ ⦗٢٥٧⦘ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧] وَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ قَالَ: فَكَانَ رِجَالٌ إِذَا أَرَادُوا الصَّوْمَ رَبَطَ أَحَدُهُمْ فِي رِجْلَيْهِ الْخَيْطَ الْأَسْوَدَ، وَالْخَيْطَ الْأَبْيَضَ، فَلَا يَزَالُ يَأْكُلُ وَيَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ رِئْيُهُمَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: «مِنَ الْفَجْرِ»، فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ،\n\n٨٦٥٠ - قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، نَحْوَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَسْكَرٍ، وَالصَّاغَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، بِالْإِسْنادِ الْأَوَّلِ","vol":"6","page":256},{"text":"٨٦٥١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧] قَالَ لَهُ عَدِيُّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنِّي أَجْعَلُ تَحْتَ وِسَادَتِي عِقَالَيْنِ، عِقَالًا أَبْيَضَ وَعِقَالًا أَسْوَدَ، أَعْرِفُ اللَّيْلَ مِنَ النَّهَارِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ وِسَادَكَ إِذًا لَعَرِيضٌ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ سَوَّادُ اللَّيْلِ وَبَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ» ⦗٢٥٨⦘، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ","vol":"6","page":257},{"text":"٨٦٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَدْبَرَ النَّهَارُ، وَأَقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ، وَغَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَدْ أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ»،\n\n٨٦٥٣ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «إِذَا أَقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ مِنْ هَهُنَا، وَأَدْبَرَ النَّهَارُ مِنْ هَهُنَا»","vol":"6","page":258},{"text":"٨٦٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ⦗٢٥٩⦘ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ: \" أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَفْطَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ فِي يَوْمِ ذِي غَيْمٍ، وَرَأَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَمْسَى، وَغَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «الْخَطْبُ يَسِيرٌ، وَقَدُ اجْتَهَدْنَا» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي قَضَاءَ يَوْمٍ مَكَانَهُ\n\n٨٦٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَعَلَى هَذَا حَمَلَهُ أَيْضًا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ","vol":"6","page":258},{"text":"٨٦٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي عَشِيَّةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَ غَيْمٍ، فَجَاءَنَا بِسَوِيقٍ فَشَرِبَ، وَقَالَ لِيَ: اشْرَبْ فَشَرِبْتُ، فَأَبْصَرْنَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الشَّمْسَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا نُبَالِي نَقْضِي يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ»،\n\n٨٦٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٦٥٧ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ،\n\n٨٦٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَا أَيْضًا، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، وَاللَّهِ لَا نَقْضِيهِ، وَمَا تَجَانَفْنَا لِإِثْمٍ، لِأَنَّ الْعَدَدَ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ ⦗٢٦٠⦘،\n\n٨٦٥٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ صُهَيْبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ: طُعْمَةُ اللَّهِ أَتِمُّوا صِيَامَكُمْ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، وَاقْضُوا يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ،\n\n٨٦٦٠ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ، أَنَّهُ يَقْضِي يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ،\n\n٨٦٦١ - وَأَمَّا مَنْ أَكَلَ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّ الْفَجْرَ لَمْ يَطْلُعْ، ثُمَّ بَانَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ طَلَعَ، فَإِنَّهُ أَيْضًا يَقْضِي يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ،\n\n٨٦٦٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ،\n\n٨٦٦٣ - وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ: يُتِمُّ صَوْمَهُ وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n٨٦٦٤ - وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ\n\n٨٦٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ «الْبُوَيْطِيِّ»: وَمَنْ شَكَّ أَكَلَ فِي الْفَجْرِ أَوْ لَا فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِنَ\n\n٨٦٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n٨٦٦٧ - وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"6","page":259},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-532>الْقَيْءُ</span>","vol":"6","page":261},{"text":"٨٦٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنِ اسْتَقَاءَ، وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ، وَمَنْ ذَرَعَهُ الْقَيْءُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ»،\n\n٨٦٦٩ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ،\n\n٨٦٧٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ،\n\n٨٦٧١ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"6","page":261},{"text":"٨٦٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ ذَرَعَهِ الْقَيْءُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ، وَإِنِ اسْتَقَاءَ فَلْيَقْضِ» ⦗٢٦٢⦘\n\n٨٦٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ،\n\n٨٦٧٤ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَاءَ فَأَفْطَرَ». مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى الِاسْتِقَاءِ فِي صَوْمِ التَّطَوُّعِ،\n\n٨٦٧٥ - وَالَّذِي رَوَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ ⦗٢٦٣⦘ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يُفْطِرُ مَنْ قَاءَ، وَلَا مَنِ احْتَلَمَ، وَلَا مَنِ احْتَجَمَ»، إِنَّمَا يُعْرَفُ هَكَذَا مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٨٦٧٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِلَّا أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ ضَعِيفٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِمَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، ثُمَّ هُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى مَا لَوْ ذَرَعَهُ الْقَيْءُ جَمْعًا بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ،\n\n٨٦٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: حُدِّثْتُ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، فَضَعَّفَهُ","vol":"6","page":261},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-533>الْجِمَاعُ فِي رَمَضَانَ</span>","vol":"6","page":264},{"text":"٨٦٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، حَدَّثَهُ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا أَفْطَرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِعِتْقِ رَقَبَةٍ، أَوْ صِيَامِ شَهْرَيْنِ، أَوْ إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ","vol":"6","page":264},{"text":"٨٦٧٩ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَفْطَرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعِتْقِ رَقَبَةٍ، أَوْ صِيَامِ شَهْرَيْنِ، أَوْ إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا قَالَ: إِنِّي لَا أَجِدُ، فَأَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ، فَقَالَ: «خُذْ هَذَا فَتَصَدَّقْ»، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَجِدُ أَحْوَجَ مِنِّي، فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَدَتْ ثَنَايَاهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «كُلْهُ»\n\n٨٦٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ فِطْرُهُ بِجِمَاعٍ ⦗٢٦٥⦘\n\n٨٦٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَقَدُ وَقَعَ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ اخْتِصَارٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ بَعْضِ الرُّوَاةِ","vol":"6","page":264},{"text":"٨٦٨٢ - وَالْحَدِيثُ بِتَمَامِهِ كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: هَلَكْتُ قَالَ: «وَمَا أَهْلَكَكَ؟» قَالَ: وَقَعْتُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِي فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «هَلْ تَجِدُ رَقَبَةً تُعْتِقُهَا؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ صِيَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ إِطْعَامَ سِتِّينَ؟» قَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اجْلِسْ»، فَجَلَسَ فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ أُتِيَ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرُ قَالَ: سُفْيَانُ: وَالْعَرَقُ: الْمِكْتَلُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اذْهَبْ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ أَحْوَجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَّا، فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَنْيَابُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اذْهَبْ فَأَطْعِمْهُ عِيَالَكَ»، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْصُورٍ، وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ وَمَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n٨٦٨٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةَ قَالَ: \" وَقَعْتُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِي وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَقَالَ: وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ ⦗٢٦٦⦘،\n\n٨٦٨٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ مُسَافِرٍ، وَالنُّعْمَانُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نَمِرٍ، وَصَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي الْأَخْضَرِ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَاتَّفَقَتْ رِوَايَةُ هَؤُلَاءِ عَلَى أَنَّ: فِطْرَ الرَّجُلِ وَقَعَ بِجِمَاعٍ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِالْكَفَّارَةِ، عَلَى لَفْظٍ يَقْتَضِي التَّرْتِيبَ،\n\n٨٦٨٥ - وَرَوَاهُ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: فَأُتِيَ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، فَقَالَ: «خُذْهُ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ»، وَقِيلَ فِيهِ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ: إِذْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: هَلَكْتُ وَأَهْلَكْتُ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «أَهْلَكْتُ»، لَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا»، يُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، فَأَدْرَجَهُ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،\n\n٨٦٨٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: «اقْضِ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ»،\n\n٨٦٨٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ خَالَفَ الْجَمَاعَةَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ فَقَالَ: عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ،\n\n٨٦٨٨ - وَرُوِي عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مُرْسَلًا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ خَالَفَ الْحَدِيثَ الْمَوْصُولَ فِي بَعْضِ أَنْوَاعِ الْكَفَّارَةِ، فَيَكُونُ الْحَدِيثُ الْمَوْصُولُ فِيمَا خَالَفَ فِيهِ أَوْلَى","vol":"6","page":265},{"text":"٨٦٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ⦗٢٦٧⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: أَتَى أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْتِفُ شَعْرَهُ، وَيَضْرِبُ نَحْرَهُ، وَيَقُولُ: هَلَكَ الْأَبْعَدُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَمَا ذَاكَ» قَالَ: أَصَبْتُ أَهْلِي فِي رَمَضَانَ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَهْدِيَ بَدَنَةً؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَاجْلِسْ»، فَأَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَرَقِ تَمْرٍ، فَقَالَ: «خُذْ هَذَا فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ» قَالَ: مَا أَحَدٌ أَحْوَجُ مِنِّي قَالَ: «فَكُلْهُ وَصُمْ يَوْمًا مَكَانَ مَا أَصَبْتَ» قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: فَسَأَلْتُ سَعِيدًا: كَمْ كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَرَقِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ؟ قَالَ: مَا بَيْنَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا إِلَى عِشْرِينَ\n\n٨٦٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَتْ عَائِشَةُ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ ذَكَرَتْ فِي حَدِيثِهَا أَنْ فِطْرَهُ كَانَ بِوَطْئِهِ امْرَأَتِهِ فِي رَمَضَانَ نَهَارًا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ الرُّوَاةِ حَفِظَ فِيهَا التَّصَدُّقَ فَقَطْ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ حَفِظَ الْعِتْقَ، ثُمَّ إِطْعَامَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، وَلَمُ يَحْفَظِ الصِّيَامَ، وَقَدْ حُفِظَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى\n\n٨٦٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كُلْهُ وَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ» يَحْتَمِلُ ⦗٢٦٨⦘ مَعَانِيَ، فَذَكَرَهَا، وَذَكَرَ فِيهَا: وَيُحْتَمَلُ فِي هَذَا أَنْ تَكُونَ الْكَفَّارَةُ دَيْنًا عَلَيْهِ، مَتَى أَطَاقَهَا أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنْهَا، وَكَانَ هَذَا أَحَبَّ إِلَيْنَا وَأَقْرَبَ مِنَ الِاحْتِيَاطِ،\n\n٨٦٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ فِي الْكَفَّارَةِ بِالْفِطْرِ بِغَيْرِ الْجِمَاعِ حَدِيثٌ،\n\n٨٦٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الْمُطَوِّسِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فِي غَيْرِ رُخْصَةٍ رَخَّصَهَا اللَّهُ لَهُ، لَمْ يَقْضِ عَنْهُ وَإِنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ»، وَرُوِّينَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَلَيْسَ فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا ذِكْرُ الْكَفَّارَةِ،\n\n٨٦٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنْ لَا كَفَّارَةَ فِيهِ\n\n٨٦٩٥ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: يَصُومُ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ","vol":"6","page":266},{"text":"٨٦٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ ⦗٢٦٩⦘: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ رَبِيعَةُ: «مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ قَضَى اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ اخْتَارَ شَهْرًا مِنَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ بَدَلًا مِنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا»\n\n٨٦٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَلْزَمُهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةَ أَلْفَ شَهْرٍ: لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿، يَقُولُ: ﴿لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ﴾ [القدر: ٣]","vol":"6","page":268},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-534>الْفِطْرُ نَاسِيًا</span>\n٨٦٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «مَنْ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ نَاسِيًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَذَلِكَ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ»","vol":"6","page":270},{"text":"٨٦٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَكَلَ نَاسِيًا أَوْ شَرِبَ نَاسِيًا، وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ بَأْسٌ، اللَّهُ أَطْعَمَهُ وَسَقَاهُ»\n\n٨٧٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَفَعَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِحَافِظٍ","vol":"6","page":270},{"text":"٨٧٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ نَسِيَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، فَأَكَلَ وَشَرِبَ فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ، فَإِنَّمَا أَطْعَمَهُ اللَّهُ وَسَقَاهُ» ⦗٢٧١⦘،\n\n٨٧٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ الْمُنَادِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِيَزِيدَ،\n\n٨٧٠٣ - وَالَّذِي قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مِنْ سُوءِ حِفْظِهِ فَكَمَا قَالَ،\n\n٨٧٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَوْ جَاءَ بَيْتُ أَحَدٍ لَجَاءَ بَيْتُ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، كَانَ حَسَنًا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَحْفَظُ إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ، قَدْ تَابَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ عَوْفُ بْنُ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَحَبِيبِ بْنِ الشَّهِيدِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٨٧٠٥ - وَلِذَلِكَ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ هِشَامٍ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ عَوْفٍ،\n\n٨٧٠٦ - وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ حَدِيثَ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَحَبِيبٍ، وَهِشَامٍ، بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"6","page":270},{"text":"٨٧٠٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ نَاسِيًا فَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا كَفَّارَةَ»،\n\n٨٧٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ التَّاجِرُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٧٠٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ أَبُو بَكْرٍ السَّرَّاجُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٧١٠ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَكُلُّهُمْ ثِقَةٌ","vol":"6","page":272},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-535>الْحَامِلُ وَالْمُرْضِعُ إِذَا خَافَتَا عَلَى وَلَدَيْهِمَا</span>","vol":"6","page":273},{"text":"٨٧١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحَامِلِ، إِذَا خَافَتْ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا، فَقَالَ: \" تُفْطِرُ، وَتُطْعِمُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا: مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ \" ⦗٢٧٤⦘،\n\n٨٧١٢ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَرَوْنَ عَلَيْهَا مَعَ ذَلِكَ الْقَضَاءَ\n\n٨٧١٣ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]\n\n٨٧١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِهَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ فِيمَا حُكِيَ عَنْهُ،\n\n٨٧١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"6","page":273},{"text":"٨٧١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ ثُبُوتَهَا فِي الْحَامِلِ وَالْمُرْضِعِ إِذَا خَافَتَا عَلَى أَوْلَادِهِمَا أَفْطَرَتَا وَأَطْعَمَتَا \"","vol":"6","page":274},{"text":"٨٧١٧ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَوَادَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ، أَنَّهُ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَتَغَدَّى، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «هَلُمَّ لِلْغَدَاءِ» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ ⦗٢٧٥⦘، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَضَعَ عَنِ الْمُسَافِرِ الصَّوْمَ وَشَطْرَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَعَنِ الْحُبْلَى وَالْمُرْضِعِ»،\n\n٨٧١٨ - هَكَذَا قَالَ: مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَرَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ، عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ، فَقَالَ: فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ الْحُبْلَى وَالْمُرْضِعِ، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو هِلَالٍ الرَّاسِبِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَوَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ أَبِيهِ فِيهِ،\n\n٨٧١٩ - وَرُوِي عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ، وَقِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا يُقَالُ لَهُ أَنَسٌ حَدَّثَهُ،\n\n٨٧٢٠ - وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٨٧٢١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنْهُمْ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":274},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-536>الْقُبْلَةُ لِلصَّائِمِ</span>","vol":"6","page":276},{"text":"٨٧٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيُقَبِّلُ بَعْضَ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ»، ثُمَّ تَضْحَكُ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"6","page":276},{"text":"٨٧٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَبَّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَوَجَدَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَجْدًا شَدِيدًا، فَأَرْسَلَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَسْأَلُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَدَخَلَتْ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَخْبَرَتْهَا، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، فَرَجَعَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ، فَزَادَهُ ذَلِكَ شَرًّا، وَقَالَ: لَسْنَا مِثْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُحِلُّ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ مَا شَاءَ، فَرَجَعَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَوَجَدَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا بَالُ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ؟»، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَا أَخْبَرْتِيهَا أَنِّي أَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ؟»، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: قَدْ أَخْبَرْتُهَا فَذَهَبَتْ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ، فَزَادَهُ ذَلِكَ شَرًّا وَقَالَ: لَسْنَا مِثْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحِلُّ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ مَا شَاءَ، فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَتْقَاكُمْ لِلَّهِ وَأَعْلَمُكُمْ بِحُدُودِهِ»\n\n٨٧٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَسَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَصِلُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، وَلَا يَحْضُرُنِي ذِكْرُ مَنْ وَصَلَهُ\n\n٨٧٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا قَالَ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ ⦗٢٧٨⦘، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُقَبِّلُ الصَّائِمُ؟ فَذَكَرَ بَعْضَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ سَأَلَهُ بِأَنْ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتَهُ حَتَّى سَأَلَتْهُ","vol":"6","page":277},{"text":"٨٧٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ»","vol":"6","page":278},{"text":"٨٧٢٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ»،\n\n٨٧٢٨ - قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: لَيْسَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي أَصْلِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَإِنَّمَا حَدَّثَ بِهِ عَنْهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، وَعَبْدُ الْغَفَّارِ بْنُ دَاوُدَ","vol":"6","page":278},{"text":"٨٧٢٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: قَبَّلْتُ يَوْمًا، وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ: أَتَيْتُ الْيَوْمَ أَمْرًا عَظِيمًا، قَبَّلْتُ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ، فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٧٩⦘: «أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ تَمَضْمَضْتَ وَأَنْتَ صَائِمٌ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَمَهْ»","vol":"6","page":278},{"text":"٨٧٣٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُقَبِّلَنِي، فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي صَائِمَةٌ، فَقَالَ: «وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ»، فَقَبَّلَنِي","vol":"6","page":279},{"text":"٨٧٣١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ: أَخْبَرَكَ أَبُوكَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُهَا وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ قَالَ: فَطَأْطَأَ رَأْسَهُ وَاسْتَحْيَى، وَسَكَتَ قَلِيلًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"6","page":279},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-537>مَنْ كَرِهَ الْقُبْلَةَ لِمَنْ لَا يَمْلِكُ إِرْبَهُ</span>","vol":"6","page":280},{"text":"٨٧٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُقَبِّلُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، وَيُبَاشِرُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، وَكَانَ أَمْلَكَكُمْ لِإِرْبِهِ»،\n\n٨٧٣٣ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ فِي الْقُبْلَةِ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْمُبَاشَرَةِ","vol":"6","page":280},{"text":"٨٧٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَتْ إِذَا ذَكَرَتْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، تَقُولُ: «وَأَيُّكُمْ أَمْلَكُ لِنَفْسِهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟» ⦗٢٨١⦘\n\n٨٧٣٥ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ:، وَقَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ: قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: «لَمْ أَرَ الْقُبْلَةَ تَدْعُو إِلَى خَيْرٍ»،\n\n٨٧٣٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُمَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي كِتَابِ «الصِّيَامِ»","vol":"6","page":280},{"text":"٨٧٣٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، سُئِلَ عَنِ الْقُبْلَةِ لِلصَّائِمِ؟ «فَأَرْخَصَ فِيهَا لِلشَّيْخِ، وَكَرِهَهَا لِلشَّابِّ»","vol":"6","page":281},{"text":"٨٧٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَعْنَى هَذَا، ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَنْبَسِ، عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، عَنِ الْمُبَاشَرَةِ لِلصَّائِمِ فَرَخَّصَ لَهُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ آخَرُ فَنَهَاهُ، فَإِذَا الَّذِي رَخَّصَ لَهُ شَيْخٌ، وَإِذَا الَّذِي نَهَاهُ شَابٌّ ⦗٢٨٢⦘،\n\n٨٧٣٩ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ الضَّبِّيِّ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي رَجُلٍ قَبَّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَهُمَا صَائِمَانِ قَالَ: «أَفْطَرَا جَمِيعًا»، لَا يَثْبُتُ، وَأَبُو يَزِيدَ الضَّبِّيُّ لَيْسَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ\n\n٨٧٤٠ - قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنْهُ،\n\n٨٧٤١ - وَقَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ الْبُخَارِيَّ فَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ لَا أُحَدِّثُ بِهِ، وَأَبُو يَزِيدَ لَا أَعْرِفُ اسْمَهُ، وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ","vol":"6","page":281},{"text":"٨٧٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، سُئِلَ عَنِ الْقُبْلَةِ لِلصَّائِمِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا نَزِيدُ إِلَى خُلُوفٍ فِيهَا»،\n\n٨٧٤٣ - وعَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ يَسَافٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الْقُبْلَةَ لِلصَّائِمِ»،\n\n٨٧٤٤ - وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ إِلْزَامًا لَهُمْ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَهَبَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٢٨٣⦘،\n\n٨٧٤٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ يَسَافٍ، عَنِ الْهَزْهَازِ: أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «فِي الْقِبْلَةِ لِلصَّائِمِ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا يَعْنِي يَصُومُ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ»،\n\n٨٧٤٦ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ يَعْنِي تَأْوِيلًا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، أَوْ أَرَادَ: إِذَا قَبَّلَ فَأَنْزَلَ، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُبَاشِرُ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ","vol":"6","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-538>الْحَائِضُ تَقْضِي الصَّوْمَ، وَلَا تَقْضِي الصَّلَاةَ</span>","vol":"6","page":284},{"text":"٨٧٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَكَانَ عَامًّا فِي أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَأْمُرِ الْحَائِضَ بِقَضَاءِ صَلَاةٍ، وَعَامًّا أَنَّهَا أُمِرَتْ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّوْمِ، وَكَانَ الصَّوْمُ مُقَارِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي أَنَّ لِلْمُسَافِرِ تَأْخِيرَهُ، عَنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ تَرَكُ يَوْمٍ لَا يُصَلَّى فِيهِ صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ «، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا،\n\n٨٧٤٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ» الْحَيْضِ \"، عَنْ مُعَاذَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَ يُصِيبُنَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّوْمِ، وَلَا نُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّلَاةِ»","vol":"6","page":284},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-539>تَعْجِيلُ الْفِطْرِ</span>","vol":"6","page":285},{"text":"٨٧٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَزَالُ النَّاسُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَجَّلُوا الْفِطْرَ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":285},{"text":"٨٧٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَزَالُ النَّاسُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَجَّلُوا الْفِطْرَ، وَلَمْ يؤَخِّرُوا تَأْخِيرَ أَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ» ⦗٢٨٦⦘،\n\n٨٧٥١ - وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي هَذَا حَدِيثُ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n٨٧٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: \" ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ: تَعْجِيلُ الْفِطْرِ، وَتَأْخِيرُ السَّحُورِ، وَوَضَعُ الْيَدِ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى الْيسْرَى فِي الصَّلَاةِ \"،\n\n٨٧٥٣ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ إِسْنَادُهُ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"6","page":285},{"text":"٨٧٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانُ، كَانَا «يُصَلِّيَانِ الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ يَنْظُرَانِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ الْأَسْوَدِ، ثُمَّ يُفْطِرَانِ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَذَلِكُ فِي رَمَضَانَ»\n\n٨٧٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْكِتَابِ: كَأَنَّهُمَا يَرَيَانِ تَأْخِيرَ ذَلِكَ وَاسِعًا، لَا أَنَّهُمَا يَعْمَدَانِ الْفَضْلَ لِتَرْكِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ أُبِيحَ لَهُمَا، وَصَارَا مُفْطِرَيْنِ بِغَيْرِ أَكَلٍ وَشُرْبٍ، لِأَنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَا يَصْلُحُ فِي اللَّيْلِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ بِهِ صَاحِبُهُ صَائِمًا وَإِنْ نَوَاهُ ⦗٢٨٧⦘\n\n٨٧٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «تَسَحَّرُوا، فَإِنَّ فِي السَّحُورِ بَرَكَةٌ»،\n\n٨٧٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «نِعْمَ سَحُورِ الْمُؤْمِنِ التَّمْرُ»","vol":"6","page":286},{"text":"٨٧٥٨ - وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي الْإِفْطَارِ بِالتَّمْرِ حَدِيثُ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ الرَّبَابِ، عَنْ عَمِّهَا سَلْمَانَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الضَّبِّيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «إِذَا أَفْطَرَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيُفْطِرْ عَلَى تَمْرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ بَرَكَةٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ تَمْرٌ فَمَاءٌ، فَإِنَّهُ طَهُورٌ» ⦗٢٨٨⦘،\n\n٨٧٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبُ الْهَرَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السَّامِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ","vol":"6","page":287},{"text":"٨٧٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، عَنِ الرَّبَابِ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الضَّبِّيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «إِذَا أَفْطَرَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيُفْطِرْ عَلَى تَمْرٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَلْيُفْطِرْ عَلَى مَاءٍ، فَإِنَّهُ طَهُورٌ»","vol":"6","page":288},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-540>الْفِطْرُ وَالصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ</span>","vol":"6","page":289},{"text":"٨٧٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ فِي فَرَضِ الصَّوْمِ: ﴿شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٥]، إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٥]، فَتَكَلَّمَ عَلَى الْآيَةِ بِمَا يَحْتَمِلُ مِنَ الْمَعْنَى،\n\n٨٧٦٢ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنْ  «أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمَرِيضَ وَالْمُسَافِرِ بِالْفِطْرِ إِرْخَاصًا لَهُمَا لِئَلَّا يُحْرَجَا إِنْ فَعَلَا، لَا أَنَّهُ لَا يُجْزِئُهُمَا أَنْ يَصُومَا فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالَيْنِ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ، لِأَنَّ الْفِطْرَ فِي السَّفَرِ لَوْ كَانَ غَيْرَ رُخْصَةٍ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ الْفِطْرَ لَمْ يَصُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"6","page":290},{"text":"٨٧٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ، حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ، ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ فَأَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، وَكَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَ بِالْأَحْدَثِ فَالْأَحْدَثِ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» ⦗٢٩١⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"6","page":290},{"text":"٨٧٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، قَالَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَمَانَ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسِيرُ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَضْحَى، إِذَا هُوَ بِجَمَاعَةٍ فِي ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذِهِ الْجَمَاعَةُ؟»، قَالُوا: رَجُلٌ صَائِمٌ أَجْهَدَهُ الصَّوْمُ أَوْ كَلِمَةٌ نَحْوَهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ»","vol":"6","page":291},{"text":"٨٧٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعْدِ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ ⦗٢٩٢⦘\n\n٨٧٦٦ - وَقِيلَ: أَسْعَدُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَسَنٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَرَأَى رَجُلًا يُظَلَّلُ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَأَلَ فَقَالُوا: هُوَ صَائِمٌ، فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ»،\n\n٨٧٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ النَّوْفَلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ آدَمَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"6","page":291},{"text":"٨٧٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصِّيَامُ فِي السَّفَرِ»","vol":"6","page":292},{"text":"٨٧٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ فِي سَفَرِهِ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ بِالْفِطْرِ، وَقَالَ: «تَقَوَّوْا لِعَدُوِّكُمْ»، وَصَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: قَالَ الَّذِي حَدَّثَنِي: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِالْعَرْجِ، يَصُبُّ فَوْقَ رَأْسِهِ الْمَاءَ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ، أَوْ مِنَ الْحَرِّ، فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ ⦗٢٩٣⦘ اللَّهِ إِنَّ طَائِفَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ صَامُوا حِينَ صُمْتَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْكَدِيدِ دَعَا بِقَدَحٍ، فَشَرِبَ، فَأَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ","vol":"6","page":292},{"text":"٨٧٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ كُرَاعَ الْغَمِيمِ، وَصَامَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ شَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصِّيَامُ، فَدَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، فَشَرِبَ وَالنَّاسُ يَنْظُرُونَ، فَأَفْطَرَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ وَصَامَ بَعْضٌ، فَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ أُنَاسًا صَامُوا، فَقَالَ: «أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ»\n\n٨٧٧١ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ شَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصِّيَامُ، وَإِنَّمَا يَنْظُرُونَ فِيمَا فَعَلْتَ","vol":"6","page":293},{"text":"٨٧٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ الثِّقَةِ غَيْرِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ⦗٢٩٤⦘ فَصَامَ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا، وَقَالُ: «تَقَوَّوْا لِعَدُوِّكُمْ»، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا حِينَ صُمْتَ، فَدَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَشَرِبَهُ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"6","page":293},{"text":"٨٧٧٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: «سَافَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَمِنَّا الصَّائِمُ وَمِنَّا الْمُفْطِرُ، فَلَمْ يَعِبِ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ، وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ»","vol":"6","page":294},{"text":"٨٧٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ:  «سَافَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَلَمْ يَعِبِ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ، وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ","vol":"6","page":294},{"text":"٨٧٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ ⦗٢٩٥⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «سَافَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، فَمِنَّا الصَّائِمُ، وَمِنَّا الْمُفْطِرُ، فَلَا يَعِيبُ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ، وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ»","vol":"6","page":294},{"text":"٨٧٧٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: \" كُنَّا نُسَافِرُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَمِنَّا الصَّائِمُ، وَمِنَّا الْمُفْطِرُ، فَلَا يَعِيبُ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ، وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ، وَيَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ وَجَدَ قُوَّةً فَصَامَ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَحَسَنٌ جَمِيلٌ، وَمَنْ وَجَدَ ضَعْفًا فَأَفْطَرَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ حَسَنٌ جَمِيلٌ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ","vol":"6","page":295},{"text":"٨٧٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الْأَسْلَمِيَّ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ وَكَانَ كَثِيرَ الصِّيَامِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنْ شِئْتَ فَصُمْ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَأَفْطِرْ» ⦗٢٩٦⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"6","page":295},{"text":"٨٧٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ عَمْرَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيَّ، سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي أَسْرُدُ الصَّوْمَ، أَفَأَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِنْ شِئْتَ فَصُمْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَأَفْطِرْ»","vol":"6","page":296},{"text":"٨٧٧٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ:  «كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَحَدُنَا لَيَضَعُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ، فَمَا مِنَّا صَائِمٌ إِلَّا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ» ⦗٢٩٧⦘، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ","vol":"6","page":296},{"text":"٨٧٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٥]، إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]، إِنَّهَا آيَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ أَحَدٌ يُخَالِفُ فِي أَنَّ الْآيَةَ الْوَاحِدَةَ كَلَامٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَأَنَّ الْكَلَامَ الْوَاحِدَ لَا يَنْزِلُ إِلَّا مُجْتَمِعًا مُتَتَابِعًا، لِأَنَّ مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ مَعْنَى قَطَعِ الْكَلَامِ قَالَ: «أَجَلْ»،\n\n٨٧٨١ - قُلْتُ: فَإِذَا صَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ يَعْنِي فِي السَّفَرِ، وَفَرْضُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ فِي الْآيَةِ، أَلَيْسَ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ الْآيَةَ بِفِطْرِ الْمَرِيضِ وَالْمُسَافِرِ رُخْصَةٌ؟ قَالَ: «بَلَى»،\n\n٨٧٨٢ - قُلْتُ لَهُ: وَلَوْ لَمْ يَبْقَ شَيْءٌ يَعْرِضُ فِي نَفْسِكَ إِلَّا الْأَحَادِيثُ؟ قَالَ: \" نَعَمْ، وَلَكِنَّ الْآخِرَ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَلَيْسَ الْفِطْرُ بِمَعْنَى نَسْخِ الصَّوْمِ، وَاخْتِيَارِ الْفِطْرِ عَلَى الصَّوْمِ؟ أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يَأْمُرُ النَّاسَ بِالْفِطْرِ، وَيَقُولُ: «تَقَوَّوْا لِعَدُوِّكُمْ» وَيَصُومُ، ثُمَّ يُخْبَرُ بِأَنَّهُمْ أَوْ بَعْضَهُمْ أَبَى أَنْ يُفْطِرَ إِذْ صَامَ، فَأَفْطَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُفْطِرَ مِنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنِ ⦗٢٩٨⦘ الْفِطْرِ لِصَوْمِهِ، كَمَا صَنَعَ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَنْحَرُوا وَيَحْلِقُوا، فَأَبْطَؤُوا، فَنَحَرَ وَحَلَقَ، فَفَعَلُوا\n\n٨٧٨٣ - قَالَ: فَمَا قَوْلُهُ: لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصِّيَامُ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ \"، قُلْتُ: قَدْ أَتَى جَابِرٌ مُفَسِّرًا، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَجْهَدَهُ الصَّوْمُ، فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: «لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصِّيَامُ فِي السَّفَرِ»، فَاحْتَمَلَ: لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ رَجُلٌ هَذَا بِنَفْسِهِ فِي فَرِيضَةِ صَوْمٍ، وَلَا نَافِلَةٍ، وَقَدْ أَرْخَصَ اللَّهُ لَهُ، وَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ: لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الْمَفْرُوضِ الَّذِي مَنْ خَالَفَهُ أَثِمَ\n\n٨٧٨٤ - قَالَ: «وَكَعْبُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ لَمْ يَقُلْ هَذَا»، قُلْتُ: كَعْبُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ رَوَى حَرْفًا وَاحِدًا وَجَابِرٌ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَفِي صَوْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي أَمْرِهِ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي قَوْلِ أَنَسٍ\n\n٨٧٨٥ - قَالَ: \" فَقَدْ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «خِيَارُكُمُ الَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا أَفْطَرُوا وَقَصَرُوا الصَّلَاةَ»، قُلْتُ: وَهَذَا مِثْلُ مَا وَصَفْنَا: خِيَارُكُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقْبَلُونَ الرُّخْصَةَ لَا يَدَعُونَهَا رَغْبَةً عَنْهَا، لِأَنَّ قَبُولَ الرُّخْصَةِ، حَتْمٌ يَأْثَمُ بِهِ مَنْ تَرَكَهُ\n\n٨٧٨٦ - قَالَ: «فَمَا أَمَرُ عُمَرَ رَجُلًا صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَنْ يُعِيدَ؟»، قُلْتُ: لَا أَعْرِفُهُ عَنْهُ، فَإِنْ عَرَفْتُهُ، فَالْحُجَّةُ ثَابِتَةٌ بِمَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ، وَأَصْلُ مَا يُذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ: أَنَّ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَالْحُجَّةُ لَازِمَةٌ لِلْخَلْقِ بِهِ، وَعَلَى الْخَلْقِ اتِّبَاعُهُ ⦗٢٩٩⦘،\n\n٨٧٨٧ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ فِي قَوْلِ مَنْ قَالَ: قَدْ سَمَّى الَّذِينَ صَامُوا: الْعُصَاةَ، \" وَقَدُ يَكُونُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ تَرَكُوا قَبُولَ الرُّخْصَةِ، وَرَغِبُوا عَنْهَا، وَهَذَا مَكْرُوهٌ عِنْدَنَا، إِنَّمَا نَقُولُ: يُفْطِرُ أَوْ يَصُومُ، وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ وَاسِعٌ لَهُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَالصَّوْمُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا لِمَنْ قَوِيَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n٨٧٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَا رُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ الصَّوْمَ أَفْضَلُ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: وَكَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَ بِالْأَحْدَثِ فَالْأَحْدَثِ مِنْ أَمَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَدْ بَيَّنَهُ مَعْمَرٌ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n٨٧٨٩ - وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ: ثُمَّ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا نَصُومُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي السَّفَرِ\n\n٨٧٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ أَنَّ مُقِيمًا نَوَى الصَّوْمَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ مُسَافِرًا لَمْ يُفْطِرْ يَوْمَهُ ذَلِكَ، لِأَنَّهُ دَخَلَ فِيهِ مُقِيمًا،\n\n٨٧٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَمَكْحُولٌ، وَيَحْيَى الْأَنْصَارِيُّ،\n\n٨٧٩٢ - وَذَهَبَ الْمُزَنِيُّ، إِلَى جَوَازِ الْفِطْرِ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ\n\n٨٧٩٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: \" أَلَمْ أُخْبَرْ أَنَّكَ تَخْرُجُ صَائِمًا وَتَدْخُلُ صَائِمًا؟ قَالَ: بَلَى قَالَ: فَإِذَا خَرَجْتَ فَاخْرُجْ مُفْطِرًا، وَإِذَا دَخَلْتَ فَادْخُلْ مُفْطِرًا \" ⦗٣٠٠⦘،\n\n٨٧٩٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ: \" أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي سَفِينَةٍ مِنَ الْفُسْطَاطِ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَدَفَعَ ثُمَّ قَرَّبَ غَدَاهُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: فَلَمْ يُجَاوِزِ الْبُيُوتَ حَتَّى دَعَا بِالسُّفْرَةِ \"،\n\n٨٧٩٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: \" أَنَّ دَابَّتَهُ رُحِّلَتْ وَلَبِسَ ثِيَابَ السَّفَرِ، وَقَدْ تَقَارَبَ غُرُوبُ الشَّمْسِ، فَدَعَا بِطَعَامٍ، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ سُنَّةٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ \"،\n\n٨٧٩٦ - وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، يَقُولُ: يُفْطِرُ إِذَا بَرَزَ عَنِ الْبُيُوتِ","vol":"6","page":297},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-541>الشَّهَادَةُ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ هِلَالِ الْفِطْرِ</span>\n٨٧٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" لَا أَقْبَلُ عَلَى رُؤْيَتِهِ إِلَّا شَاهِدَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ\n\n٨٧٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَمِيرِ مَكَّةَ أَنَّهُ خَطَبَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَنْسُكَ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ نَرَهُ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدَا عَدْلٍ نَسَكْنَا بِشَهَادَتِهِمَا»","vol":"6","page":301},{"text":"٨٧٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَبَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ⦗٣٠٢⦘ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْجَدَلِيُّ، جَدِيلَةِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ أَمِيرَ مَكَّةَ خَطَبَنَا، فَقَالَ: \" عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَنْسُكَ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ نَرَهُ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدُ عَدْلٍ نَسَكْنَا بِشَهَادَتِهِمَا، فَسَأَلْتُ الْحُسَيْنَ: مَنْ أَمِيرُ مَكَّةَ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي، ثُمَّ لَقِيَنِي بَعْدُ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ أَخُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: الْأَمِيرُ فِيكُمْ مَنْ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَقَدْ سَمِعَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَوْمَأَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَصَدَّقَ الْأَمِيرُ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ: بِذَلِكَ أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٨٨٠٠ - أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِي كِتَابَيْهِمَا نَازِلًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مُتَّصِلٌ صَحِيحٌ،\n\n٨٨٠١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الثَّعْلَبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى: كُنْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُ الْهِلَالَ هِلَالَ شَوَّالٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَفْطِرُوا»،\n\n٨٨٠٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى قَالَ عُمَرُ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ إِنَّمَا يَكْفِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ الرَّجُلُ»، فَعَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ، وَلَا يَثْبُتُ سَمَاعُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَنْ عُمَرَ،\n\n٨٨٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: «لَمْ يَرَهُ»، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي يَرْوِي كُنَّا مَعَ عُمَرَ فَتَرَاءَى الْهِلَالُ، فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ»\n\n٨٨٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيْنَا عُمَرُ وَنَحْنُ بِخَانِقِينَ: «أَنَّ الْأَهِلَّةَ بَعْضُهَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ ⦗٣٠٣⦘ الْهِلَالَ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ، فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ شَاهِدَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ أَنَّهُمَا رَأَيَاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ»","vol":"6","page":301},{"text":"٨٨٠٥ - وَأَمَّا إِذَا رَأَى الْهِلَالَ فِي بَلَدٍ، وَلَا يُرَى فِي بَلَدٍ آخَرَ، فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ فِيمَا يَرَوْنَ ابْنَ أَبِي حَرْمَلَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي كُرَيْبٌ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ أُمَّ الْفَضْلِ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ بَعَثَتْهُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بِالشَّامِ قَالَ: فَقَدِمْتُ الشَّامَ فَقَضَيْتُ حَاجَتَهَا، وَاسْتَهَلَّ عَلَيَّ رَمَضَانُ، وَأَنَا بِالشَّامِ، فَرَأَيْنَا الْهِلَالَ يَعْنِي لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ، ثُمَّ قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي آخِرِ الشَّهْرِ، فَسَأَلَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ الْهِلَالِ، فَقَالَ: «مَتَى رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَقَالَ: «أَنْتَ رَأَيْتَهُ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، وَرَآهُ النَّاسُ وَصَامُوا، وَصَامَ مُعَاوِيَةُ، فَقَالَ: «لَكِنَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ السَّبْتِ، فَلَا نَزَالُ نَصُومُ حَتَّى نُكْمِلَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَوْ نَرَاهُ»، فَقُلْتُ أَلَا تَكْتَفِي بِرُؤْيَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَصِيَامِهِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا، هَكَذَا أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى،\n\n٨٨٠٦ - وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُرَادُهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: هَكَذَا أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا فَسَّرَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَمَدَّهُ لِرُؤْيَتِكُمْ، فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ» ⦗٣٠٤⦘،\n\n٨٨٠٧ - وَيَكُونُ قَوْلُهُ لَا يَنْوِي مِنْ جِهَةٍ قِيَاسًا عَلَى هَذَا الْخَبَرِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٨٨٠٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ عَهِدَ إِلَيْهِمْ إِذَا لَمْ يَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدَا عَدْلٍ أَنْ يَنْسُكُوا، فَإِذَا أَكْمَلُوا الْعِدَّةَ عَلَى شَهَادَةِ شَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ وَجَبَ النُّسُكُ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الرُّؤْيَةُ فِي بَلَدٍ آخَرَ،\n\n٨٨٠٩ - وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّمَا قَالَ: ذَلِكَ لِانْفِرَادِ كُرَيْبٍ بِهَذَا الْخَبَرِ، وَجَعَلَ طَرِيقَهُ طَرِيقَ الشَّهَادَاتِ، فَلَمْ يُقْبَلْ فِيهِ قَوْلٌ وَاحِدٌ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":303},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-542>قَضَاءُ رَمَضَانَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَمَضَانَ آخَرَ</span>","vol":"6","page":305},{"text":"٨٨١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَائِشَةَ، تَقُولُ:  «إِنْ كَانَ لَيَكُونُ عَلَيَّ الصَّوْمُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَمَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَصُومَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ شَعْبَانُ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ⦗٣٠٦⦘\n\n٨٨١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ فَرَّطَ حَتَّى جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ آخَرُ صَامَهُ، وَقَضَاهُنَّ، وَكَفَّرَ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدِّ حِنْطَةٍ","vol":"6","page":305},{"text":"٨٨١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ،\n\n٨٨١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّوَارِبِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ رَقَبَةَ قَالَ: زَعَمَ عَطَاءٌ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: فِي الْمَرِيضِ يَمْرَضُ وَلَا يَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ يَبْرَأُ وَلَا يَصُومُ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَهُ رَمَضَانُ، قَالَ: «يَصُومُ الَّذِي حَضَرَهُ، وَيَصُومُ الْآخَرَ وَيُطْعِمُ لِكُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِسْكِينًا»،\n\n٨٨١٤ - وَرُوِيَ هَذَا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَرَفْعُهُ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ،\n\n٨٨١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَصُومُ هَذَا، وَيُطْعِمُ عَنْ ذَاكَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا وَيَقْضِيهِ»،\n\n٨٨١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":306},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-543>الْقَضَاءُ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"6","page":307},{"text":"٨٨١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ، اسْتَفْتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أُمِّيَ مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا نَذَرٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا» ⦗٣٠٨⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٨٨١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِيمَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ عَلَى الْخَبَرِ: لَمْ يُسَمِّ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مَا كَانَ نَذْرُ أُمِّ سَعْدٍ؟ فَاحْتُمِلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَذْرُ حَجٍّ، أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ، فَأَمَرَهُ بِقَضَائِهِ عَنْهَا،\n\n٨٨١٩ - فَأَمَّا مَنْ نَذَرَ صِيَامًا، أَوْ صَلَاةً ثُمَّ مَاتَ، فَإِنَّهُ يُكَفَّرُ عَنْهُ فِي الصَّوْمِ وَلَا يُصَامُ عَنْهُ، وَلَا يُصَلَّى عَنْهُ، وَلَا يُكَفَّرُ عَنْهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ،\n\n٨٨٢٠ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْفَرْقِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ قِيلَ: أَفَرُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ أَحَدًا أَنْ يَصُومَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٨٨٢١ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَلِمَ لَمْ تَأْخُذْ بِهِ؟ قِيلَ: حَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا وَلَمْ يُسَمِّهِ، مَعَ حَفِظَ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَطُولِ مُجَالَسَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِغَيْرِ مَا فِي حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ أَشْبَهَ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مَحْفُوظًا،\n\n٨٨٢٢ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: أَتَعْرِفُ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ يَغْلَطُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ. رَوَى أَصْحَابُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: حِلَّ مِنْ مُتْعَةِ الْحَجِّ، فَرُوِيَ هَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهَا مُتْعَةُ النِّسَاءِ، وَهَذَا غَلَطٌ فَاحِشٌ،\n\n٨٨٢٣ - هَذَا قَوْلُهُ فِي كِتَابِ «اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ» ⦗٣٠٩⦘، وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ «الْمَنَاسِكِ» فِي «الْقَدِيمِ»: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي الصَّوْمِ، عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ شَيْءٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا صِيمَ عَنْهُ كَمَا يُحَجُّ عَنْهُ\n\n٨٨٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ثَبَتَ جَوَازُ الْقَضَاءِ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ بِرِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَكْثَرِهِمْ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً سَأَلَتْ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ غَيْرَ قِصَّةِ أُمِّ سَعْدٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ: «صُومِي عَنْ أُمِّكِ»","vol":"6","page":307},{"text":"٨٨٢٥ - وَيَشْهَدُ لَهُ بِالصِّحَّةِ رِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ الْمَدَنِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ تَصَدَّقْتُ بِوَلِيدَةٍ عَلَى أُمِّي فَمَاتَتْ أُمِّي وَبَقِيَتِ الْوَلِيدَةُ قَالَ: «وَجَبَ أَجْرُكِ، وَرَجَعَتْ إِلَيْكِ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ» قَالَتْ: فَإِنَّهَا مَاتَتْ، وَعَلَيْهَا صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ قَالَ: «صُومِي، عَنْ أُمِّكِ» قَالَتْ: وَإِنَّهَا مَاتَتْ، وَلَمْ تَحُجَّ قَالَ: «فَحُجِّي، عَنْ أُمِّكِ»،\n\n٨٨٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ⦗٣١٠⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ","vol":"6","page":309},{"text":"٨٨٢٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَارِئِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامٌ صَامَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَتَابَعَهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو ⦗٣١١⦘\n\n٨٨٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيمَنْ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ: يُطْعَمُ عَنْهُ، لَا يَصِحُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ كَثِيرُ الْوَهْمِ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ أَصْحَابُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ","vol":"6","page":310},{"text":"٨٨٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْأَخْنَسِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «مَنْ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيُطْعِمْ عَنْهُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ»،\n\n٨٨٣٠ - هَكَذَا رِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ: أَنَّهُ يُطْعِمُ عَنْهُ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا،\n\n٨٨٣١ - وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ بِهَذَا أَصْحَابُنَا فِي أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ: صَامَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ: أَيْ يَفْعَلُ عَنْهُ مَا يَكُونُ بَدَلًا مِنْ صِيَامِهِ، وَهُوَ الْإِطْعَامُ الَّذِي ذَهَبْنَا إِلَيْهِ، وَهُمَا رَوَيَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي الصَّوْمِ عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٨٨٣٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي النَّذْرِ: يَصُومُ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ، وَفِي صَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ: يُطْعِمُ عَنْهُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا\n\n٨٨٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمَرِيضِ: لَا يَصِحُّ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ: فَلَا صَوْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا كَفَّارَةَ\n\n٨٨٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ","vol":"6","page":311},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-544>قَضَاءُ صَوْمِ أَيَّامِ رَمَضَانَ</span>\n٨٨٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَضَاهُنَّ مُتَفَرِّقَاتٍ أَوْ مُجْتَمِعَاتٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ ثَنَاؤُهُ يَقُولُ: ﴿فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤] وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهُنَّ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ\n\n٨٨٣٦ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَحْصَيْتَ الْعِدَّةَ فَصُمْهُنَّ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ»","vol":"6","page":312},{"text":"٨٨٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الدَّقَّاقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ هُوَ ابْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ يَخَامِرَ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ:  «أَحْصِ الْعِدَّةَ، وَاصْنَعْ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ»","vol":"6","page":312},{"text":"٨٨٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيٌّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَزْهَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْهَوْزَنِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ قَضَاءِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَفَرِّقًا، فَقَالَ: «أَحْصِ الْعِدَّةَ وَصُمْ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ»","vol":"6","page":312},{"text":"٨٨٣٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيٌّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَا:  «لَا بَأْسَ بِقَضَاءِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَفَرِّقًا»","vol":"6","page":313},{"text":"٨٨٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا أَيْضًا عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خُدَيْجٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٨٨٤١ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثٍ مُرْسَلٍ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ أَبُو حُسَيْنٍ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُوسَى بْنَ عُقْبَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ قَالَ: قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَجُلٌ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، فَقَضَى يَوْمًا أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ مُنْقَطِعَيْنِ أَيُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَقَضَاهُ دِرْهَمًا وَدِرْهَمَيْنِ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ دَيْنَهُ، أَتَرَوْنَ بَرِئَتْ ذِمَّتُهُ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «يُقْضَى عَنْهُ»،\n\n٨٨٤٢ - وَقِيلَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٨٨٤٣ - وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مُرْسَلًا، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا انْضَمَّ إِلَى مَا رُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَإِلَى ظَاهَرِ الْآيَةِ صَارَ قَوِيًّا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٨٨٤٤ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: نَزَلَتْ: «فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ» فَسَقَطَتْ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ، فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَتْ بِهِ نُسِخَتْ، وَسَقَطَ حُكْمُهَا، وَرُفِعَتْ تِلَاوَتُهَا،\n\n٨٨٤٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُفَرِّقُ قَضَاءَ رَمَضَانَ ⦗٣١٤⦘، وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: يُتَابِعُ،\n\n٨٨٤٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ قَضَاءَ رَمَضَانَ فِي عَشْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، فَقِيلَ: إِنَّمَا كَرِهَهُ لِئَلَّا يَنْقَطِعَ التَّتَابُعُ بِيَوْمِ النَّحْرِ، وَأَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ،\n\n٨٨٤٧ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَقْضِيَ فِيهَا شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْعَشْرِ،\n\n٨٨٤٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا بِقَضَاءٍ فِي الْعَشْرِ، وَقَالَ: ابْدَأْ بِحَقِّ اللَّهِ","vol":"6","page":313},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-545>الْحِجَامَةُ لِلصَّائِمِ</span>","vol":"6","page":315},{"text":"٨٨٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ» ⦗٣١٦⦘، وَقِيلَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْهُ، عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"6","page":315},{"text":"٨٨٥٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا فِي رِوَايَتِهِمَا: زَمَانَ الْفَتْحِ، فَرَأَى رَجُلًا يَحْتَجِمُ لِثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ وَهُوَ آخِذٌ بِيَدِي:  «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ»\n\n٨٨٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ فِي كِتَابِي عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: زَمَانُ الْفَتْحِ مَضْرُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَدُ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فِي كِتَابِ «اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ»: وَهُوَ فِيهِ مَحْفُوظٌ. رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ","vol":"6","page":317},{"text":"٨٨٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ احْتَجَمَ مُحْرِمًا صَائِمًا»","vol":"6","page":317},{"text":"٨٨٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ احْتَجَمَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْمَرَ،\n\n٨٨٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَسَمَاعِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، وَلَمُ يَكُنْ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُحْرِمًا، وَلَمْ يَصْحَبْهُ مُحْرِمًا قَبْلَ حِجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَذَكَرَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ حِجَامَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَامَ حِجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، وَحَدِيثَ: «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ» فِي الْفَتْحِ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ قَبْلَ حِجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ بِسَنَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَا ثَابِتَيْنِ فَحَدِيثُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ نَاسِخٌ، وَحَدِيثُ: «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ» مَنْسُوخٌ\n\n٨٨٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِسْنَادُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مَعًا مُشْتَبَهٌ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَمْثَلُهُمَا إِسْنَادًا، فَإِنْ تَوَقَّى رَجُلُ الْحِجَامَةِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ احْتِيَاطًا، وَلِئَلَّا يُعَرِّضَ صَوْمَهُ أَنْ يَضْعُفَ فَيُفْطِرَ، فَإِنِ احْتَجَمَ فَلَا تُفْطِرْهُ الْحِجَامَةُ،\n\n٨٨٥٦ - وَمَعَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ الْقِيَاسُ: أَنْ لَيْسَ الْفِطْرُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ جَسَدٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يُخْرِجُهُ الصَّائِمُ مِنْ جَوْفِهِ مُتَقَيِّئًا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ ⦗٣١٩⦘،\n\n٨٨٥٧ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ: لِإِسْنَادِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ أَنَّهُ مُشْتَبِهِ لِاخْتِلَافِ الرُّوَاةِ عَلَى أَبِي قِلَابَةَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ هَكَذَا، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ الرَّحَبِيُّ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ شَدَّادٍ","vol":"6","page":318},{"text":"٨٨٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَهُوَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ الرَّحَبِيِّ، عَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: مَرَرْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، فَأَبْصَرَ رَجُلًا يَحْتَجِمُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ»،\n\n٨٨٥٩ - وَهَكَذَا قَالَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ،\n\n٨٨٦٠ - وَكَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ يَقُولُ: لَا أَرَى الْحَدِيثَيْنِ إِلَّا صَحِيحَيْنِ، وَقَدْ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبُو أَسْمَاءَ سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُمَا، وَزَعَمَ غَيْرُهُ أَنَّ هَذَا وَهْمٌ، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ حَدِيثُ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ شَدَّادٍ، وَحَدِيثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ،\n\n٨٨٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو الْمُهَلَّبِ الصَّغَانِيُّ، وَمَكْحُولٌ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ ⦗٣٢٠⦘، وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خُدَيْجٍ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٨٨٦٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَإِنَّهُ رِوَايَةُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، وَيَزِيدُ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، إِلَّا أَنَّا قَدْ أَكَّدْنَاهُ بِرِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"6","page":319},{"text":"٨٨٦٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مَيْمُونَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبُ بْنُ الشَّهِيدِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ احْتَجَمَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ مُحْرِمٌ»،\n\n٨٨٦٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْكَجِّيُّ، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، فَقَالَ: وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ مُحْرِمٌ، وَرُوَاتُهُ كُلُّهُمْ ثِقَاتٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ كَانَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ، وَذَكَرَهُ أَيْضًا يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ،\n\n٨٨٦٥ - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: مَيْمُونُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ أَوْثَقُ مِنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، مَيْمُونٌ ثِقَةٌ، وَذَكَرَهُ بِخَيْرٍ، فَكَأَنَّهُ أَشَارَ إِلَى صِحَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٨٨٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَالَّذِي أَحْفَظُ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالتَّابِعِينَ، وَعَامَّةِ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُفْطِرُ أَحَدٌ بِالْحِجَامَةِ ⦗٣٢١⦘\n\n٨٨٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا الرُّخْصَةَ فِيهِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ﵃","vol":"6","page":320},{"text":"٨٨٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْتَجِمُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ ثُمَّ تَرَكَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"6","page":321},{"text":"٨٨٦٩ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ أَبَاهُ احْتَجَمَ قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ»،\n\n٨٨٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":321},{"text":"٨٨٧١ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَألَ ثَابِتُ الْبُنَانِيُّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ: أَكُنْتُمْ تَكْرَهُونَ الْحِجَامَةَ لِلصَّائِمِ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا لِأَجَلِ الضَّعْفِ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ثَابِتَ الْبُنَانِيَّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَنَسُ، وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ آدَمَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ثَابِتًا الْبُنَانِيَّ، وَهُوَ يَسْأَلُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو النَّضْرِ،\n\n٨٨٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٢٢⦘،\n\n٨٨٧٣ - وَقَدْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ،\n\n٨٨٧٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَخَّصَ فِي الْحِجَامَةِ لِلصَّائِمِ، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «رُخِّصَ لِلصَّائِمِ فِي الْحِجَامَةِ وَالْقُبْلَةِ»","vol":"6","page":321},{"text":"٨٨٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ رَوَى: «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ»، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِهِمَا يَغْتَابَانِ رَجُلًا\n\n٨٨٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى يَزِيدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ وَهُوَ يَحْتَجِمُ وَهُوَ يُعَرِّضُ رَجُلًا، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ،\n\n٨٨٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَشْعَثَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٨٧٨ - وَرَوَى الْوُحَاظِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ»، لِأَنَّهُمَا كَانَ يَغْتَابَانِ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَوْلَهُ: «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ» بِالْغِيبَةِ عَلَى سُقُوطِ أَجْرِ الصَّوْمِ، وَجَعَلَ نَظِيرَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لِلْمُتَكَلِّمِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ: لَا جُمُعَةَ لَكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «صَدَقَ»، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِإِعَادَةٍ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا ⦗٣٢٣⦘ أَجْرَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ لَكَ، وَقَالَ فِيمَنْ أَشْرَكَ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ، فَكَانَ مَعْنَاهُ أَجْرَ عَمَلِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَوِ ابْتَاعَ بَيْعًا أَوْ بَاعَهُ، أَوْ قَضَى حَقًّا عَلَيْهِ، أَوْ أَعْتَقَ أَوْ كَاتَبَ لَمْ يُحْبَطْ عَمَلُهُ، وَأُحْبِطَ أَجْرُ عَمَلِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":322},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-546>مَنْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ</span>","vol":"6","page":324},{"text":"٨٨٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ﴾ [الحجرات: ١٣]\n\n٨٨٨٠ - قَالَ: «وَالتَّقْوَى إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ عَلَى مَنْ عَقِلَهَا، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، مِنَ الْبَالِغِينَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ»","vol":"6","page":325},{"text":"٨٨٨١ - قَالَ: وَفِي السُّنَّةِ دَلَالَةٌ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «رُفَعَ الْقَلَمُ، عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ، النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ، وَالصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ، وَالْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يُفِيقَ»،\n\n٨٨٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" فِي الصَّبِيِّ: حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ \"،\n\n٨٨٨٣ - وَاسْتَحَبَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِلصَّبِيِّ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ إِذَا أَطَاقَهُ، وَلَمْ يُوجِبْ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا بَلَغَ، وَلَا عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِ إِذَا أَسْلَمَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى مِنَ الشَّهْرِ قَضَاءَ مَا مَضَى ⦗٣٢٦⦘\n\n٨٨٨٤ - قَالَ: وَقَوْلِي فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ مَا مَضَى، إِنَّمَا قُلْتُهُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ أَسْلَمُوا عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُمْ بِقَضَاءِ مَا مَضَى مِنْ صَلَاةٍ، وَلَا صَوْمٍ لِأَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ هَدَمَ مَا قَبْلَهُ \"","vol":"6","page":325},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-547>الصَّائِمُ يُنَزِّهُ صِيَامَهُ عَنِ اللَّغَطِ وَالْمُشَاتَمَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":327},{"text":"٨٨٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي الزِّنَادٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِذَا أَصْبَحَ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمًا صَائِمًا فَلَا يَرْفُثْ، وَلَا يَجْهَلْ، وَإِنِ امْرُؤٌ شَاتَمَهُ، فَلْيَقُلْ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ، إِنِّي صَائِمٌ \"، وَزَادَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ فِيهِ: \" وَإِذَا دُعِيَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى طَعَامٍ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، فَلْيَقُلْ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ","vol":"6","page":327},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-548>مَنْ لَا يُطِيقُ الصَّوْمَ لِكِبَرِ سِنٍّ</span>","vol":"6","page":329},{"text":"٨٨٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ الَّذِي لَا يُطِيقُ الصَّوْمَ، وَيَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْكَفَّارَةِ، يَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدِّ حِنْطَةٍ، خَبَرًا عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»،\n\n٨٨٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا حَمْزَةَ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَهِ الْكِبْرُ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ صِيَامَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَعَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ قَمْحٍ»\n\n٨٨٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَرَوَى عَنْهُ مُجَاهِدٌ: نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ: مُدًّا لطَعَامِهِ، وَمُدًّا لِإِدَامِهِ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ عِكْرِمَةُ: أَطْعِمْ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدًّا مُدًّا","vol":"6","page":329},{"text":"٨٨٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ ⦗٣٣٠⦘ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: «أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، كَبِرَ حَتَّى كَانَ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الصِّيَامِ، فَكَانَ يَفْتَدِي»\n\n٨٨٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَخَالَفَهُ مَالِكٌ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ بِوَاجِبٍ\n\n٨٨٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ\n\n٨٨٩٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، مَوْصُولًا، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: «أَنَّهُ ضَعُفَ عَامًا قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ، فَأَفْطَرَ وَأَمَرَ أَهْلَهُ أَنْ يُطْعِمُوا مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا»","vol":"6","page":329},{"text":"٨٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]،\n\n٨٨٩٤ - فَقِيلَ: ﴿يُطِيقُونَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]، كَانُوا يُطِيقُونَهُ، ثُمَّ عَجَزُوا عَنْهُ، فَعَلَيْهِمْ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ،\n\n٨٨٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى، هَذَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ،\n\n٨٨٩٦ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: سَمِعْتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا مَنْ يَتْلُو إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْهُ: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]، فَكَأَنَّهُ يَتَأَوَّلُ إِذَا لَمْ يُطِقِ الصَّوْمَ الْفِدْيَةَ ⦗٣٣١⦘\n\n٨٨٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقْرَؤُهَا: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]","vol":"6","page":330},{"text":"٨٨٩٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَؤُهَا، وَقَالَ: \" لَيْسَتْ مَنْسُوخَةً، هُوَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ الْكَبِيرَةُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعَانِ أَنْ يَصُومَا، فَيُطْعِمَانِ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا،\n\n٨٨٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَامِدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقْرَأُ: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤] فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ رَوْحٍ","vol":"6","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-549>السِّوَاكُ لِلصَّائِمِ</span>\n٨٨٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" لَا أَكْرَهُهُ بُكْرَةً، وَأَكْرَهُهُ بِالْعَشِيِّ لِمَا أُحِبُّ مِنْ خَلُوفِ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ","vol":"6","page":332},{"text":"٨٩٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «حَسَنَةٌ يَعْمَلُهَا ابْنُ آدَمَ تُكْتَبُ لَهُ عَشَرٌ إِلَى سَبْعِ مِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ إِلَّا الصَّوْمَ، فَإِنَّهُ لِي وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ، وَلِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ، فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ الْفِطْرِ، وَفَرْحَةٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَلَخَلُوفِ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"6","page":332},{"text":"٨٩٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْقَصَّابِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «إِذَا صُمْتُمْ فَاسْتاكُوا بِالْغَدَاةِ، وَلَا تَسْتَاكُوا بِالْعَشِيِّ، فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ صَائِمٍ يَبِسَ شَفَتَاهُ بِالْعَشِيِّ إِلَّا كَانَتَا نُورًا بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»،\n\n٨٩٠٢ - وَعَنْ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ خَبَّابٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلُهُ،\n\n٨٩٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خُرَاسَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا كَيْسَانُ، فَذَكَرَهَا جَمِيعًا\n\n٨٩٠٤ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: كَيْسَانُ أَبُو عُمَرَ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، وَمَنْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ عَلِيٍّ غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفٍ ⦗٣٣٤⦘\n\n٨٩٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْخُوَارَزْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا فِي السِّوَاكِ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ، وَآخِرَهُ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَصِحُّ","vol":"6","page":333},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-550>بَابُ صِيَامِ التَّطَوُّعِ، وَالْخُرُوجِ مِنْهُ قَبْلَ تَمَامِهِ</span>","vol":"6","page":335},{"text":"٨٩٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّا خَبَّأْنَا لَكَ حَيْسًا، فَقَالَ: «أَمَا إِنِّي كُنْتُ أُرِيدُ الصَّوْمَ، وَلَكِنْ قَرِّبِيهِ»،\n\n٨٩٠٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ: «سَأَصُومُ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ» ⦗٣٣٦⦘\n\n٨٩٠٨ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ، عَامَّةَ مُجَالَسَتِهِ لَا يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ: «سَأَصُومُ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ»، ثُمَّ عَرَضْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ بِسَنَةٍ، فَأَجَابَ فِيهِ: «سَأَصُومُ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ»\n\n٨٩٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ دُونَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ،\n\n٨٩١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، دُونَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةَ، مِنْهُمْ: سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَشُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، وَوَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَيَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ وَغَيْرِهِ دُونَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ،\n\n٨٩١١ - وَاحْتِجَاجُ الشَّافِعِيِّ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ وَقَعَ بِخُرُوجِهِ مِنْ صَوْمِ التَّطَوُّعِ قَبْلَ تَمَامِهِ، وَمِثْلُهُ لَا يَجُوزُ فِي صَوْمٍ وَاجِبٍ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ مُقِيمٌ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «سَأَصُومُ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ»، لَوْ كَانَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ يُحْتَمَلُ: إِنْ شَاءَ تَطَوَّعَ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ، وَأَيْامًا،\n\n٨٩١٢ - وَجَعَلَ مِثَالَهُ حَدِيثَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فِي قَضَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَانَ يُصَلِّيهُمَا بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ، فَشَغَلَهُ عَنْهُمَا الْوَفْدُ،\n\n٨٩١٣ - وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ: «أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَدْوَمُهَا، وَإِنْ قَلَّ»،\n\n٨٩١٤ - وَبِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: مَنْ فَاتَهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ فَلْيُصَلِّهِ ⦗٣٣٧⦘ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَإِنَّهُ يَعْدِلُ قِيَامَ اللَّيْلِ، لَيْسَ أَنَّهُ يَجِبُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَلَا قَضَاؤُهُ، وَلَكِنْ يَقُولُ: مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَلْيَفْعَلْ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ","vol":"6","page":335},{"text":"٨٩١٥ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ»، مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ\n\n٨٩١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُ إِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَبَرَّرَ بِاعْتِكَافٍ اعْتَكَفَ","vol":"6","page":337},{"text":"٨٩١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ ⦗٣٣٨⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِكُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ، وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ رَفَعَ إِنَاءً فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى يَدِهِ فَشَرِبَ، وَالنَّاسُ يَنْظُرُونَ، فَأَفْطَرَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، وَصَامُ بَعْضٌ، فَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ أُنَاسًا صَامُوا، فَقَالَ: «أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ»،\n\n٨٩١٨ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، وَفِيهَا: وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، وَقَدُ مَضَى فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ\n\n٨٩١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَمَّا كَانَ لَهُ قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ فِي الصَّوْمِ أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ، يَعْنِي بِعُذْرِ السَّفَرِ، فَكَانَ لَهُ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْهُ، كَمَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالتَّطَوُّعِ أَوْلَى، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا وَاحْتَجَّ فِي كِتَابِ «الْبُوَيْطِيِّ» بِحَدِيثِ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ","vol":"6","page":337},{"text":"٨٩٢٠ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي جَعْدَةُ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ وَكَانَ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ يُحَدِّثُهُ، فَيَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَحَدُ بَنِي أُمِّ هَانِئٍ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: فَلَقِيتُ أَفْضَلَهُمْ، وَكَانَ اسْمُهُ جَعْدَةَ، فَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا، فَنَاوَلَتْهُ شَرَابًا فَشَرِبَ ثُمَّ نَاوَلَهَا فَشَرِبَتْ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كُنْتُ صَائِمَةً، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٣٩⦘: «الصَّائِمُ الْمُتَطَوِّعُ أَمِينُ أَوْ أَمِيرُ نَفْسِهِ، إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ» قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: فَقُلْتُ لِجَعْدَةَ: أَسَمِعْتَهُ أَنْتَ مِنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ؟ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَهْلُنَا، وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ","vol":"6","page":338},{"text":"٨٩٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ هَارُونَ، عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنْ كَانَ قَضَاءً مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَصُومِي يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ تَطَوُّعًا، فَإِنْ شِئْتِ فَاقْضِي، وَإِنْ شِئْتِ فَلَا تَقْضِي»\n\n٨٩٢٢ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٩٢٣ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَفْطَرْتُ وَكُنْتُ صَائِمَةً، فَقَالَ لَهَا: «أَكُنْتِ تَقْضِينَ شَيْئًا؟» قَالَتْ: لَا قَالَ: «فَلَا يَضُرُّكِ إِنْ كَانَ تَطَوُّعًا» ⦗٣٤٠⦘\n\n٨٩٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِاخْتِلَافٍ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَدْ يَكُونُ قَالَ جَمِيعَ ذَلِكَ، فَنَقَلَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا حَفِظَ","vol":"6","page":339},{"text":"٨٩٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ: \" أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يُفْطِرَ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي صِيَامِ التَّطَوُّعِ، وَيَضْرَبُ لِذَلِكَ أَمْثَالًا: رَجُلٌ طَافَ سَبْعًا، وَلَمْ يُوَفِّهِ، فَلَهُ أَجْرُ مَا احْتَسَبَ، أَوْ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ أُخْرَى، فَلَهُ أَجْرُ مَا احْتَسَبَ \"","vol":"6","page":340},{"text":"٨٩٢٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لَا يَرَى بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي صِيَامِ التَّطَوُّعِ بَأْسًا»","vol":"6","page":340},{"text":"٨٩٢٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّا، وَحْدَهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي صِيَامِ التَّطَوُّعِ بَأْسًا»","vol":"6","page":340},{"text":"٨٩٢٨ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ: دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ تَطَوَّعٌ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ زَادَ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ نَقَصَ»،\n\n٨٩٢٩ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَاتُ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ ⦗٣٤١⦘ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ قَابُوسَ بْنِ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٨٩٣٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا يَحْضُرُنِي ذِكْرُهُ مِمَّا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مِثْلَ مَعْنَى مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، لَا يُخَالِفُهُ،\n\n٨٩٣١ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي ذَرٍّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُبَالِي عَلَى شَفْعٍ يَنْصَرِفُ أَمْ عَلَى وِتْرٍ، وَذَكَرَ ثُبُوتَ الرِّوَايَةِ فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَأَبِي ذَرٍّ، عِنْدَهُمْ\n\n٨٩٣٢ - قَالَ: وَمِنَ الرِّوَايَةِ الَّتِي لَا يَدْفَعُ عَالِمٌ أَنَّهَا غَايَةٌ فِي الثَّبَتِ رِوَايَتُنَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَنَحْنُ وَأَنْتَ ثَبَتَتْ رِوَايَتُنَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ مِنْ سُنَّةٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ إِلَّا الْآثَارُ، أَمَا كَانَ يَلْزَمُكَ عَلَى أَصْلِ مَذْهَبِكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ قَوْلَنَا فِيهِ","vol":"6","page":340},{"text":"٨٩٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، وَأَخَذَ فِي هَذَا، وَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابِ: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، وَحَفْصَةَ أَصْبَحَتَا صَائِمَتَيْنِ، فَأُهْدِيَ لَهُمَا شَيْءٌ فَأَفْطَرَتَا، فَذَكَرَتَا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «صُومَا يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ» ⦗٣٤٢⦘\n\n٨٩٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قِرَاءَةً قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ\n\n٨٩٣٥ - ثُمَّ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَقُلْتُ: فَهَلْ عِنْدَكَ حُجَّةٌ مِنْ رِوَايَةٍ أَوْ أَثَرٍ لَازِمٍ غَيْرَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: مَا يَحْضُرُنِي الْآنَ شَيْءٌ غَيْرَهُ،\n\n٨٩٣٦ - قُلْتُ: فَكَيْفَ قَبِلْتَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، مُرْسَلًا فِي شَيْءٍ وَلَا تَقْبَلُهُ عَنْهُ، وَلَا عَنْ مِثْلِهِ وَلَا أَكْبَرَ مِنْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ غَيْرِهِ؟ قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّهُ لَمْ يَحْمِلْهُ إِلَّا عَنْ ثِقَةٍ،\n\n٨٩٣٧ - قُلْتُ: وَهَكَذَا يَقُولُ لَكَ مَنْ أَخَذَ بِمُرْسَلِهِ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا، أَوْ بِمُرْسَلِ مَنْ هُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ، فَيَقُولُ: كُلُّ مَا عَابَ عَنِّي مِمَّا يُمْكِنُ فِيهِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَهُ عَنْ ثِقَةٍ، وَعَنْ مَجْهُولٍ لَمْ يَقُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِهِ عَلَيَّ حُجَّةٌ، حَتَّى أَعْرِفَ مَنْ حَمَلْتُهُ عَنْهُ بِالثِّقَةِ، وَأَنْزَلْتُهُ مَنْزِلَةَ الشَّهَادَاتِ،\n\n٨٩٣٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ ذَكَرَ: وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: أَفَكَانَ وَاهِنًا عِنْدَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ،\n\n٨٩٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي، رُوِّيتُ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَسَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا إِنَّمَا أَخْبَرَنِيهِ رَجُلٌ بِبَابِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، أَوْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ جُلَسَاءِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ ⦗٣٤٣⦘،\n\n٨٩٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٨٩٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كُنْتَ تَرَى الْحُجَّةَ تُقَوِّمُ الْحَدِيثَ الْمُرْسَلَ، ثُمَّ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ قَالَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: مَا حَكَيْتُ لَكَ أَتَقْبَلُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا هَذَا يُوهِنُهُ بِأَنْ يُخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ قَبِلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَا يُسَمِّيهِ، وَلَوْ عَرَفَهُ لَسَمَّاهُ، أَوْ وَثَّقَهُ\n\n٨٩٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا أَيْضًا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ: هُوَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ؟ قَالَ: لَا فَثَبَتَ بِشَهَادَةِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَلَى الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى خَطَأِ رِوَايَةِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ، وَصَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَخْضَرِ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ حَسَنُ الْحَدِيثِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٨٩٤٣ - ثُمَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْأَكَابِرِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، الْحَدِيثَ عَنْهُ مُرْسَلًا، مِثْلَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، وَيُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَمَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، وَابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، وَبَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ،\n\n٨٩٤٤ - وَأَخْطَأَ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ فِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَالصَّحِيحُ حَدِيثُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، مُنْقَطِعًا،\n\n٨٩٤٥ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنُ الْهَادِ، عَنْ زُمَيْلٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، لَمْ يَثْبُتْ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: لَا يُعْرَفُ لِزُمَيْلٍ سَمَاعٌ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَلَا لِابْنِ الْهَادِ مِنْ زُمَيْلٍ وَلَا يَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ،\n\n٨٩٤٦ - وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي زُمَيْلٍ، فَقِيلَ: بِفَتْحِ الزَّاي، وَقِيلَ: بِالضَمِّ، وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ، ثُمَّ الْقَوْلُ فِي قَوْلِهِ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ: صُومَا يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ، كَالْقَوْلِ فِي قَوْلِهِ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ: سَأَصُومُ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ، وَقَدْ نَقَلْنَا كَلَامَ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِيهِ","vol":"6","page":341},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-551>بَابُ النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْوِصَالِ فِي الصَّوْمِ</span>","vol":"6","page":344},{"text":"٨٩٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْوِصَالِ، فَقِيلَ: إِنَّكَ تُوَاصِلُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي لَسْتُ مِثْلَكُمْ، إِنِّي أُطْعَمُ وَأُسْقَى»","vol":"6","page":344},{"text":"٨٩٤٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِيَّاكُمْ وَالْوِصَالَ»، قَالُوا ⦗٣٤٥⦘: فَإِنَّكَ تُوَاصِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «إِنِّي لَسْتُ كَهَيْئَتِكُمْ، إِنِّي أَبِيتُ يُطْعِمُنِي رَبِّي وَيَسْقِينِي»","vol":"6","page":344},{"text":"٨٩٤٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: وَاصِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَاصِلُوا، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «لَوْ أَنَّ الشَّهْرَ مُدَّ لِي لَوَاصَلْتُ وِصَالًا يَدَعُ الْمُتَعَمِّقُونَ تَعَمُّقَهُمْ، إِنِّي لَسْتُ مِثْلَكُمْ، إِنِّي يُطْعِمُنِي رَبِّي وَيَسْقِينِي» قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَحَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":345},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-552>بَابُ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ وَعَاشُورَاءَ</span>","vol":"6","page":346},{"text":"٨٩٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُجَاهِدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ شَابُورَ،\n\n٨٩٥١ - وَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ شَابُورَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ أَبِي قَزَعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ كَفَّارَةُ السَّنَّةِ وَالسَّنَّةِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا، وَصِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ يُكَفِّرُ سَنَةً»،\n\n٨٩٥٢ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ قَالَ: يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: «كَفَّارَةُ سَنَةٍ»، لَمْ يَقُلْ: «يُكَفِّرُ»،\n\n٨٩٥٣ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ مَوْلًى، لِأَبِي قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣٤٧⦘،\n\n٨٩٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n٨٩٥٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ الزِّمَّانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"6","page":346},{"text":"٨٩٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأُحِبُّ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ لِغَيْرِ الْحَاجِّ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ حَجَّ فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَهُ لِيَتَقَوَّى عَلَى الدُّعَاءِ،\n\n٨٩٥٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِالْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ يَعْنِي مُولَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُمَيْرٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ: \" أَنَّ نَاسًا اخْتَلَفُوا عِنْدَهَا فِي يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ فِي صَوْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: هُوَ صَائِمٌ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: لَيْسَ بِصَائِمٍ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ بِقَدَحِ لَبَنٍ، وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ عَلَى بَعِيرِهِ بِعَرَفَةَ، فَشَرِبَهُ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ مُخْتَصَرًا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"6","page":347},{"text":"٨٩٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ بِعَرَفَةَ، فَوَجَدْتُهُ يَأْكُلُ رُمَّانًا، فَقَالَ لِي: «ادْنُ فَكُلْ، لَعَلَّكَ صَائِمٌ، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَصُمْ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ»\n\n٨٩٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَيَّنٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْأَشْعَثَيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"6","page":348},{"text":"٨٩٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَوْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَا يُضْعِفُهُ فَصَامَهُ كَانَ حَسَنًا\n\n٨٩٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، كَانَتْ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: «وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهَا عَشِيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ، يُدْفَعُ الْإِمَامُ، ثُمَّ تَقِفُ حَتَّى يَبْيَضَّ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ يَدْعُوا بِشَرَابٍ فَتُفْطِرُ».\n\n٨٩٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ ح،\n\n٨٩٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ: «أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَتْ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قَوْلَ الْقَاسِمِ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"6","page":348},{"text":"٨٩٦٤ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الزَّاهِدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ فَهْدٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٣٤٩⦘: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ الْوَاشِحِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَوْشَبُ بْنُ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ مَهْدِيِّ الْعَبْدِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فِي بَيْتِهِ، فَحَدَّثَنَا: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ \"، فَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ إِنْ ثَبَتَ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّهْى عَنْهُ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"6","page":348},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-553>صِيَامُ يَوْمِ التَّاسِعِ مِنَ الْمُحْرِمِ مَعَ الْعَاشِرِ</span>","vol":"6","page":350},{"text":"٨٩٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «لَئِنْ سَلِمْتُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ لَأَصُومَنَّ الْيَوْمَ التَّاسِعَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ","vol":"6","page":350},{"text":"٨٩٦٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ⦗٣٥١⦘ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: «صُومُوا التَّاسِعَ وَالْعَاشِرَ، وَلَا تَتَشَبَّهُوا بِالْيَهُودِ»\n\n٨٩٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حِكَايَةِ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْهُ: مَنْ صَامَ التَّاسِعَ، فَلَهُ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى نِيَّتِهِ، وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «وَلَا تَتَشَبَّهُوا بِيَهُودَ»، لِأَنَّهُ كَرِهَ مُوَافَقَةَ الْيَهُودِ فِي إِفْرَادِهِ، وَأَحَبَّ وَصْلَهُ بِغَيْرِهِ،\n\n٨٩٦٨ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ التَّاسِعِ فَيَحْتَمِلُ عِنْدِي وُجُوهًا، أَحَدَهَا: أَنْ يُرِيدَ صَوْمَهُ احْتِيَاطًا، فَرُبَّمَا نَقَصَ الْهِلَالُ وَيَكُونُ الْغَيْمُ، فَتَكْمُلُ الْعِدَّةُ ثَلَاثِينَ، فَيَكُونُ التَّاسِعُ فِي الْعَدَدِ هُوَ الْعَاشِرَ مِنَ الْهِلَالِ، فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ لَا يَفُوتَهُ،\n\n٨٩٦٩ - وَيَحْتَمِلُ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ مُخَالَفَةِ الْيَهُودِ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ التَّاسِعُ هُوَ الْعَاشُورَاءَ، وَالْعَامَّةُ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ الْعَاشِرِ وَهُوَ بِالْحَقِّ أَوْلَى، وَأَمْرُهُ التَّطَوُّعُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ فَرْضًا مَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِي وَقْتِهِ\n\n٨٩٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ الْأَعْرَجِ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ: عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا رَأَيْتَ هِلَالَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَاعْدُدْ، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمَ التَّاسِعِ فَأَصْبِحْ صَائِمًا»، قُلْتُ: هَكَذَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»،\n\n٨٩٧١ - وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ لَهُ: نَعَمْ، مَا رُوِيَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ قَبْلَهُ، عَنْ عَزْمِهِ ﷺ عَلَى صَوْمِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":350},{"text":"٨٩٧٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوَانَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمَيْنِ يُوَالِي بَيْنَهُمَا مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَفُوتَهُ»،\n\n٨٩٧٣ - وَفِي هَذَا الْأَثَرِ تَأْكِيدٌ لَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنَ الِاحْتِمَالِ الْأَوَّلِ وَقِيلَ: عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ","vol":"6","page":351},{"text":"٨٩٧٤ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ⦗٣٥٢⦘ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، أَوِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: شَكَّ ابْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ عِشْتُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صُمْتُ الْيَوْمَ التَّاسِعَ»، مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَفُوتَهَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ\n\n٨٩٧٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ كَمَا مَضَى دُونَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةِ،\n\n٨٩٧٦ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ: وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ التَّاسِعُ هُوَ عَاشُورَاءُ فَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَأَوَّلَ فِيهِ: عَشْرَ الْوِرْدِ أَنَّهَا تِسْعَةُ أَيَّامٍ، وَالْعَرَبُ تَقُولُ: وَرَدَتِ الْإِبِلُ عَشْرًا إِذَا وَرَدَتْ يَوْمَ التَّاسِعِ، وَمِنْ هَذَا قَالُوا: عِشْرَى، وَلَمْ يَقُولُوا عِشْرِينَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ جَعَلُوا ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا عِشْرِينَ، وَالْيَوْمُ التَّاسِعُ عَشَرَ وَالْمُكَمِّلُ عِشْرِينَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْوِرْدِ الثَّالِثِ، فَجَمَعُوهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي حَكَيْتُ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ ﵀","vol":"6","page":351},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-554>الِاخْتِلَافُ فِي صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، هَلْ كَانَ فَرْضًا ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بِصَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرْضًا قَطُّ</span>؟","vol":"6","page":353},{"text":"٨٩٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَيَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِهِ»\n\n٨٩٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"6","page":353},{"text":"٨٩٧٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ⦗٣٥٤⦘ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ، فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ: «مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ","vol":"6","page":353},{"text":"٨٩٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ، فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةَ، وَتُرِكَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"6","page":354},{"text":"٨٩٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ مِنْ كُمِّهِ قُصَّةً مِنْ شَعْرٍ، يَقُولُ: أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ؟ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذِهِ، وَيَقُولُ: «إِنَّمَا هَلَكَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ حِينَ اتَّخَذَهَا نِسَاؤُهُمْ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ، يَقُولُ: «إِنِّي صَائِمٌ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ مِنْكُمْ فَلْيَصُمْ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"6","page":355},{"text":"٨٩٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَامَ حَجٍّ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، يَقُولُ: يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ؟ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لِهَذَا الْيَوْمِ: «هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَلَمْ يَكْتُبِ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ، وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":355},{"text":"٨٩٨٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «كَانَ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَرِهَهُ فَلْيَدَعْهُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ","vol":"6","page":356},{"text":"٨٩٨٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ:  «مَا عَلِمْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَامَ يَوْمًا يَتَحَرَّى صِيَامَهُ عَلَى الْأَيَّامِ إِلَّا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ\n\n٨٩٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ: وَلَيْسَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ شَيْءٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، إِلَّا شَيْئًا أَذْكُرُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا وَصَفْتُ: مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي يَأْتِي فِيهَا الْمُحَدِّثُ بِبَعْضٍ دُونَ بَعْضٍ،\n\n٨٩٨٦ - فَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، لَوِ انْفَرَدَ كَانَ ظَاهِرُهُ أَنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ كَانَ فَرْضًا، فَذَكَرَ هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَامَهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ⦗٣٥٧⦘، ثُمَّ صَامَهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَتِ الْفَرِيضَةُ، فَتَرَكَ عَاشُورَاءَ\n\n٨٩٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يَحْتَمِلُ قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ: «تَرَكَ عَاشُورَاءَ» بِمَعْنًى يَصِحُّ إِلَّا «تَرَكَ إِيجَابَ صَوْمِهِ»، إِذْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ بَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ الْمَفْرُوضُ صَوْمُهُ، فَأَبَانَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَتَرَكَ اسْتِحْبَابَ صَوْمِهِ، وَهُوَ أَوْلَى الْأَمْرَيْنِ عِنْدَنَا بِهِ، لِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكْتُبْ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ»، وَلَعَلَّ عَائِشَةَ إِنْ كَانَتْ تَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّهُ وَاجِبٌ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ، لِأَنَّهُ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَأَتْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصَوْمِهِ كَانَ صَوْمُهُ فَرْضًا، ثُمَّ نَسَخَهُ تَرْكُ آمِرِهِ: «مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَدَعَ صَوْمَهُ»\n\n٨٩٨٨ - قَالَ: وَلَا أَحْسَبُهَا ذَهَبَتْ إِلَى هَذَا، وَلَا ذَهَبَتْ إِلَّا إِلَى الْمَذْهَبِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَأَنَّ الْأَوَّلَ مُوَافِقٌ لِلْقُرْآنِ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ الصَّوْمَ، فَأَبَانَ أَنَّهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ،\n\n٨٩٨٩ - وَدَلَّ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَعْنَى الْقُرْآنِ: بِأَنْ لَا صَوْمَ فَرَضٌ فِي الصَّوْمِ إِلَّا رَمَضَانَ،\n\n٨٩٩٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَامَ يَوْمًا يَتَحَرَّى فَضْلَهُ عَلَى الْأَيَّامِ إِلَّا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ، يَعْنِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ كَأَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ يَتَحَرَّى فَضْلَهُ بِالتَّطَوُّعِ بِصَوْمِهِ","vol":"6","page":356},{"text":"٨٩٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، خَرَجَ يَسْتَسْقِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مُفْطِرًا فَلَا يَأْكُلْ» ⦗٣٥٨⦘،\n\n٨٩٩٢ - أَوْرَدَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْإِلْزَامِ فِي خِلَافِهِمْ عَلِيًّا ﵁،\n\n٨٩٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا كَانَ آمِرًا بِصِيَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ وَأَبِي مُوسَى.\n\n٨٩٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمْرُهُ: مَنْ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا بِأَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ تَشَبُّهًا بِمَنْ يَصُومُ، وَتَحَرِّيًا لِلْفَضْلِ الَّذِي فِيهِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمَرُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ كَانَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ","vol":"6","page":357},{"text":"٨٩٩٥ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ الْعَطَّارُ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ ذَكْوَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الرُّبَيِّعَ بِنْتَ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ، عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَتْ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قُرَى الْأَنْصَارِ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ آخِرَ يَوْمِهِ» قَالَتْ: فَلَمْ نَزَلْ نَصُومُهُ بَعْدُ وَنُصَوِّمُ صِبْيَانَنَا وَهُمْ صِغَارٌ، وَنَصْنَعُ لَهُمُ اللُّعْبَةَ مِنَ الْعِهْنِ، فَنَذْهَبُ بِهِ مَعَنَا، فَإِذَا سَأَلُونَا الطَّعَامَ، أَعْطَيْنَاهُمُ اللُّعْبَةَ تُلْهِيهِمْ حَتَّى يُتِمُّوا صَوْمَهُمْ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بِشْرِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: نَذْهَبُ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ⦗٣٥٩⦘،\n\n٨٩٩٦ - وَهَذَا شِعَارُ الصَّالِحِينَ وَمَنْ سَلَفَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، يُعَوِّدُونَ صِبْيَانَهُمُ الصَّوْمَ وَالصَّلَاةَ وَالْخَيْرَ، حَتَّى يَتَعَوَّدُوا ذَلِكَ، كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: «حَافِظُوا عَلَى أَوْلَادِكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَعَلِّمُوهُمُ الْخَيْرَ، فَإِنَّمَا الْخَيْرُ عَادَةٌ»،\n\n٨٩٩٧ - وَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ صَنِيعِهِنَّ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وبَعْدَهُ فِي أَيَّامِ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ، وَفِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَلَا نَشُكُّ فِي بُلُوغِهِمْ، أَوْ بُلُوغِ بَعْضِهِمْ أَوْ جِيرَانِهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَبَرُ صَنِيعِهِنَّ، وَلَوْ كَانَ فِيهِ مَكْرُوهٌ لَأنْكَرُوهُ، وَالْأَشْبَهُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا لَا يَبْلُغُوا بِمَنْعِهِمُ الطَّعَامَ يَوْمًا وَاحِدًا مَبْلَغَ الضَّرَرِ عَلَيْهِمْ،\n\n٨٩٩٨ - فَلَا مَعْنَى لِقَوْلِ الطَّحَاوِيِّ: «إِنَّ ذَلِكَ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ عِنْدَنَا، لِأَنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مُتَعَبِّدِينَ بِصِيَامٍ وَلَا صَلَاةٍ، وَقَدُ رَفَعَ اللَّهُ الْقَلَمَ عَنْهُمْ»؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا يُفْعَلُ تَبَرُّكًا بِالصَّوْمِ وَالصَّلَاةِ وَالْخَيْرَاتِ، لِيُصِيبَهُمْ بَرَكَاتُهَا وَلِيَتَعَوَّدُوهَا وَيَتَعَلَّمُوهَا، حَتَّى إِذَا صَارُوا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا كَانُوا قَدْ عَلِمُوهَا،\n\n٨٩٩٩ - وَقَدْ حَجُّوا بِالصِّبْيَانِ وَلَبُّوا عَنْهُمْ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى،\n\n٩٠٠٠ - كَيْفَ؟ وَقَدْ أَثْبَتَ صَاحِبُ الشَّرْعِ ﷺ لِصَبِيٍّ رَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ مِحَفَّةِ حَجًّا، وَجَعَلَ فِيهِ لِمَنْ حَجَّ بِهِ أَجْرًا، وَأَمَرَ بِأَنْ يُؤْمَرُ الصَّبِيُّ بِالصَّلَاةِ ابْنَ سَبْعٍ، وَيُضْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا ابْنَ عَشْرٍ، وَذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ قَبْلَ جَرَيَانِ الْقَلَمِ عَلَيْهِ بِأَعْوَامَ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"6","page":358},{"text":"٩٠٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بِنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزْازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ يُنَادِي فِي النَّاسِ: «أَنَّ الْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَمَنْ كَانَ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ فَلَا يَأْكُلْ شَيْئًا، وَمَنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ وَلَمْ يَشْرَبْ، فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ» ⦗٣٦٠⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ، وَمَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ","vol":"6","page":359},{"text":"٩٠٠٢ - وَرَوَى قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ: أَنَّ أَسْلَمَ، أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَ: «صُمْتُمْ يَوْمَكُمْ هَذَا؟»، قَالُوا: لَا قَالَ: «فَأَتِمُّوا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِكُمْ، وَاقْضُوهُ».\n\n٩٠٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٠٠٤ - وَرَوَاهُ يُوسُفُ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمِنْهَالِ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَا: عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَفِي نُسْخَتِي مِنَ السُّنَنِ: سَعِيدٍ، وَفِي نُسْخَةٍ عِنْدِي مَقْرُوءَةٍ عَلَى شَيْخِنَا: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٠٠٥ - وَهَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ «شُعْبَةُ»، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمِنْهَالِ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي نُسْخَةِ السُّنَنِ: سَعِيدٌ، وَفِي نُسْخَةٍ مَقْرُوءَةً عَلَى شَيْخِنَا: «شُعْبَةُ» وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمِنْهَالِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُذَكِّرْهُ الْأَمْرَ بِالْقَضَاءِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ ⦗٣٦١⦘، وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، دُونَ الْأَمْرِ بِالْقَضَاءِ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، وَرَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، وَمَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ،\n\n٩٠٠٦ - وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ، وَمُخْتَلَفٌ فِي اسْمِ أَبِيهِ، وَلَا يُدْرَى مَنْ عَمُّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":360},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-555>بَابُ الْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي نُهِيَ عَنْ صَوْمِهَا</span>","vol":"6","page":362},{"text":"٩٠٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمَيْنِ، يَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ، وَيَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":362},{"text":"٩٠٠٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ، سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَبَدَأَ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ، وَقَالَ: \" إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ هَذَيْنِ الْيَوْمَيْنِ: يَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ وَيَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى: فَأَمَّا يَوْمُ الْفِطْرِ فَيَوْمُ فِطْرِكُمْ مِنْ صِيَامِكُمْ، وَأَمَّا يَوْمُ الْأَضْحَى فَكُلُوا فِيهِ مِنْ لَحْمِ نُسُكِكُمْ \" ⦗٣٦٣⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، قَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ","vol":"6","page":362},{"text":"٩٠٠٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ، عَنْ نُبَيْشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّا كُنَّا نَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ لُحُومِهَا فَوْقَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى يَسَعَكُمْ، فَكُلُوا وَادَّخِرُوا، أَلَا إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامَ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ»","vol":"6","page":363},{"text":"٩٠١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ، عَنْ نُبَيْشَةَ قَالَ خَالِدٌ: فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا الْمَلِيحِ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَحَدَّثَنِي بِهِ فَذَكَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ أَيَّامُ أَكَلٍ وَشُرْبٍ، وَذِكَرِ اللَّهِ» ⦗٣٦٤⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ","vol":"6","page":363},{"text":"٩٠١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَتْ: بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ بِمِنًى إِذَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ عَلَى جَمَلٍ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ أَيَّامُ طَعَامٍ وَشَرَابٍ، فَلَا يَصُومَنَّ أَحَدٌ»، فَاتَّبَعَ النَّاسَ وَهُوَ عَلَى جَمَلِهِ يَصْرُخُ بِذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَصْرُخُ فِيهِمْ بِذَلِكَ","vol":"6","page":364},{"text":"٩٠١٢ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ الزُّرَقِيُّ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ: أَنَّهَا رَأَتْ وَهِيَ بِمِنًى فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَاكِبًا يَصِيحُ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهَا أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَنِسَاءٍ، وَبِعَالٍ، وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ» قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁.\n\n٩٠١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ «الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ» قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ، أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَلَى أَبِيهِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَقَرَّبَ إِلَيْهِ طَعَامًا، فَقَالَ: «كُلْ»، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ ⦗٣٦٥⦘، فَقَالَ عَمْرُو: «كُلْ، فَهَذِهِ الْأَيَّامُ الَّتِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا بِإِفْطَارِهَا، وَيَنْهَانَا عَنْ صِيَامِهَا»\n\n٩٠١٤ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَهِيَ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ","vol":"6","page":364},{"text":"٩٠١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُرَّةَ، أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ هُوَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَذَلِكَ الْغَدِ، أَوْ بَعْدَ الْغَدِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى، فَقَرَّبَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَمْرٌو طَعَامًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَمْرُو: «فَأَفْطِرْ، فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامَ الَّتِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا بِإِفْطَارِهَا، وَيَنْهَانَا عَنْ صِيَامِهَا» قَالَ أَبُو مَرَّةَ: فَأَفْطَرْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، فَأَكَلَ وَأَكَلْتُ مَعَهُ","vol":"6","page":365},{"text":"٩٠١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْهُ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ أَيَّامِ مِنًى».\n\n٩٠١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٩٠١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَاحِيَتِنَا وَغَيْرِهِمْ: إِلَى أَنْ لَا يَصُومَ الْمُتَمَتِّعُ أَيَّامَ مِنًى، لِلنَّهي عَنْ صَوْمِهَا، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُصَارَ إِلَيْهِ، فَرَأَيْتُهُ قَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى حُجَّةٍ لَا مَدْفَعَ لَهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، فَقُلْتُ بِهِ ⦗٣٦٦⦘\n\n٩٠١٩ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ نَاحِيَتِنَا إِلَى أَنْ يَصُومَ الْمُتَمَتِّعُ أَيَّامَ مِنًى إِذَا لَمْ يَصُمْ قَبْلَهَا\n\n٩٠٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ مَا يُوَافِقُ قَوْلَهُ\n\n٩٠٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِلَى هَذَا ذَهَبَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ","vol":"6","page":365},{"text":"٩٠٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «فِي الْمُتَمَتِّعِ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا، وَلَمْ يَصُمْ قَبْلَ عَرَفَةَ فَلْيَصُمْ أَيَّامَ مِنًى»،\n\n٩٠٢٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"6","page":366},{"text":"٩٠٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِرِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ، عَنْ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عِيسَى يُحَدِّثُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَعَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «لَمْ يُرَخَّصْ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ أَنْ يُصَمْنَ إِلَّا لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْهَدْيَ».\n\n٩٠٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَهَذَا شَبِيهٌ بِالْمُسْنَدِ ⦗٣٦٧⦘\n\n٩٠٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ يَرْوِيهِ مُرْسَلًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"6","page":366},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-556>مَنْ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ الرَّجُلُ صَوْمَ شَهْرٍ، يُكْمِلُهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ الشُّهُورِ، كَمَا يُكْمِلُ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ يَوْمًا مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ</span>","vol":"6","page":368},{"text":"٩٠٢٧ - كَرِهَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ: لَا يُفْطِرُ، وَيُفْطِرُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ: لَا يَصُومُ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَكْمَلَ صِيَامَ شَهْرٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا رَمَضَانَ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ أَكْثَرَ صِيَامًا مِنْهُ فِي شَعْبَانَ \". أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":368},{"text":"٩٠٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا النَّضْرُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ، يَقُولُ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَيْ أُمَّهْ أَخْبِرِينِي عَنْ صِيَامِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَتْ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ: قَدْ صَامَ، وَيُفْطِرُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ: قَدْ أَفْطَرَ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ صَامَ فِي شَهْرٍ قَطُّ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ صِيَامِهِ فِي شَهْرِ شَعْبَانَ، كَانَ يَصُومُهُ كُلَّهُ، بَلْ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا \". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n٩٠٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا كَرِهْتُهُ، لِأَنْ يَأْتِيَ جَاهِلٌ فَيَظُنُّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَحَسَنٌ","vol":"6","page":369},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-557>الْقَصْدُ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ</span>\n٩٠٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ مَا يَمَلُّهُ، أَوْ يَحُولُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَلْيَصُمْ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَقْوَى عَلَيْهِ","vol":"6","page":370},{"text":"٩٠٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: أُخْبِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّى أَقُولُ: لَأَصُومَنَّ النَّهَارَ، وَلَأَقُومَنَّ اللَّيْلَ مَا عِشْتُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: قَدْ قُلْتُ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي قَالَ: «فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ ذَلِكَ، فَصُمْ وَأَفْطِرْ، وَنَمْ وَقُمْ، وَصُمْ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ الْحَسَنَةَ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا، وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ صِيَامِ الدَّهْرِ» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: «فَصُمْ يَوْمًا وَأَفْطِرْ يَوْمَيْنِ»، قُلْتُ: إِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ ⦗٣٧١⦘: «فَصُمْ يَوْمًا وَأَفْطِرْ يَوْمًا، وَذَلِكُ صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ، وَهُوَ أَعْدَلُ الصِّيَامِ» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ».\n\n٩٠٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَكِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n٩٠٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَوِيَ عَلَى صِيَامِ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ سِوَى الْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي نُهِيَ عَنْهَا، فَحَسَنٌ\n\n٩٠٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، مَرْفُوعًا وَمَوْقُوفًا: «مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ ضُيِّقَتْ عَلَيْهِ جَهَنَّمُ هَكَذَا»، وَعَقَدَ تِسْعِينَ ⦗٣٧٢⦘\n\n٩٠٣٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَدْ كَانَ يَسْرُدُ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ، وَسَرَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فِي آخِرِ زَمَانِهِ \"،\n\n٩٠٣٦ - وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ،\n\n٩٠٣٧ - وَعَنْ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَصُومُ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْغَزْوِ، فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ لَمْ يُرَ مُفْطِرًا إِلَّا يَوْمَ فِطْرٍ أَوْ أَضْحَى","vol":"6","page":370},{"text":"٩٠٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ عَنْ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ ضُيِّقَتْ عَلَيْهِ جَهَنَّمُ»، فَقَالَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْنَى عَلَيْهِ: عَنْهُ، وَمَنْ ضُيِّقَتْ عَنْهُ جَهَنَّمُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُهَا، وَلَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْنَاهُ غَيْرَ هَذَا، لِأَنَّ مَنِ ازْدَادَ لِلَّهِ عَمَلًا وَطَاعَةً ازْدَادَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ رِفْعَةً، وَعَلَيْهِ كَرَامَةً، وَإِلَيْهِ قُرْبَةً","vol":"6","page":372},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-558>صَوْمُ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":373},{"text":"٩٠٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ: أَنَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ»","vol":"6","page":373},{"text":"٩٠٤٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ شَيْبَةَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ» ⦗٣٧٤⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n٩٠٤١ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: زَادَ غَيْرُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ: «أَنْ يُفْرَدَ بِصَوْمٍ»\n\n٩٠٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ قَدْ ذَكَرَهَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَهُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"6","page":373},{"text":"٩٠٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ح\n\n٩٠٤٤ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا يَصُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَصُومَ قَبْلَهُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمًا»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ\n\n٩٠٤٥ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جُوَيْرِيَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَهِيَ صَائِمَةٌ، فَقَالَ: أَصُمْتِ؟ \" قَالَتْ: لَا قَالَ: «تُرِيدِينَ أَنْ تَصُومِي غَدًا؟» قَالَتْ: لَا قَالَ: «فَأَفْطِرِي»","vol":"6","page":374},{"text":"٩٠٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ جَعْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْقَارِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ:  «مَا أَنَا نَهَيْتُ عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَلَكِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ، وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ قَالَهُ»\n\n٩٠٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، مُطْلَقًا فِي النَّهْيِ، فَجَرَى عَلَى إِطْلَاقِهِ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ صَوْمِهِ عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ لِمَنْ كَانَ إِذَا صَامَ مَنَعَهُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ مَا لَوْ كَانَ مُفْطِرًا فَعَلَهُ\n\n٩٠٤٨ - قَالَ: وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا ذَكَرَتْ عَائِشَةُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ، وَمَنْ صَامَ شَهْرًا صَامَ فِيهِ جُمَعًا، وَإِذَا كَانَ النَّهْيُ مُقَيَّدًا بِإِفْرَادِهِ بِالصَّوْمِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَقُولَ قَائِلٌ: إِذَا جَازَ صَوْمُهُ مَعَ غَيْرِهِ جَازَ مُنْفَرِدًا، وَمُتَابَعَةِ السُّنَّةِ أَوْلَى، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"6","page":375},{"text":"٩٠٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ» وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْإِلْزَامِ فِي خِلَافِهِمْ عَلِيًّا، ﵁","vol":"6","page":375},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-559>فَضْلُ الصِّيَامِ</span>","vol":"6","page":376},{"text":"٩٠٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَخُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ» قَالَ اللَّهُ: إِنَّمَا يَذَرُ طَعَامَهُ ⦗٣٧٧⦘ وَشَرَابَهُ وَشَهْوَتَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِي، فَالصِّيَامُ لِي، وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ، كُلُّ حَسَنَةٍ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ، إِلَّا الصِّيَامَ فَهُوَ لِي، وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ \"","vol":"6","page":376},{"text":"٩٠٥١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «إِذَا دَخَلَ رَمَضَانُ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ، وَغُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ، وَصُفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ»\n\n٩٠٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثَيْنِ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، ح\n\n٩٠٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَاهُمَا. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ نَافِعِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا، وَقَدُ قُصِرَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ بِرَفْعِهِ","vol":"6","page":377},{"text":"٩٠٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٣٧٨⦘: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ، وَغُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ، وَصُفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ»، رَوَيَاهُ جَمِيعًا، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ","vol":"6","page":377},{"text":"٩٠٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"6","page":378},{"text":"٩٠٥٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: سَمِعْتُ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ، يَقُولُ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ السَّائِحِينَ، فَقَالَ: «هُمُ الصَّائِمُونَ»، رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ هَكَذَا مُرْسَلًا","vol":"6","page":378},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-560>صَوْمُ سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ</span>","vol":"6","page":379},{"text":"٩٠٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي وَغَيْرُهُمَا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَاضِرُ بْنُ الْمُوَرِّعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ، ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُ سِتًّا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ، فَذَلِكَ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ»","vol":"6","page":379},{"text":"٩٠٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْفَقِيهُ بِالطَّابِرَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَخُو يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَخُو يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَخُو يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ ⦗٣٨٠⦘: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ، ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُ بِسِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ فَكَأَنَّمَا صَامَ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ،\n\n٩٠٥٩ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ صَحِيحٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، ورُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ، وَثَوْبَانَ،\n\n٩٠٦٠ - وَمَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ مُتَابَعَةَ السُّنَّةِ إِذَا ثَبَتَتْ، وَقَدْ ثَبَتَتْ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةُ، وَبِاللَّهُ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"6","page":379},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-561>بَابُ الْجُودِ وَالْإِفْضَالِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ</span>","vol":"6","page":381},{"text":"٩٠٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَجْوَدَ النَّاسِ بِالْخَيْرِ، وَكَانَ أَجْوَدَ مَا يَكُونُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَكَانَ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ يَلْقَاهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَيَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْقُرْآنَ، فَإِذَا لَقِيَهُ كَانَ أَجْوَدَ بِالْخَيْرِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ الْمُرْسَلَةِ»،\n\n٩٠٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الزَّاهِدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السَّرَّاجُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّاجِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ⦗٣٨٢⦘\n\n٩٠٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَأَحِبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ الزِّيَادَةَ بِالْجُودِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اقْتِدَاءً بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلِحَاجَةِ النَّاسِ فِيهِ إِلَى مَصَالِحِهِمْ، وَتَشَاغُلِ كَثِيرٍ مِنْهُمْ بِالصَّوْمِ وَالصَّلَاةِ، عَنْ مَكَاسِبَهُمْ","vol":"6","page":381},{"text":"٩٠٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ أَوِ ابْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «افْعَلُوا الْمَعْرُوفَ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، وَإِلَى مَنْ هُوَ لَيْسَ بِأَهْلِهِ، فَإِنْ أَصَبْتُمْ أَهْلَهُ فَقَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ أَهْلَهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تُصِيبُوا أَهْلَهُ فَأَنْتُمْ أَهْلُهُ»، هَكَذَا هُوَ فِي كِتَابِيِّ: سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَرَأَيْتُهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ الْحَافِظِ، عَنِ الطَّحَاوِيِّ: سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي هِشَامٍ الْكَلْبِيِّ [بْنِ أَبِي الْحُسَامِ الْكَلْبِيِّ] مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ،\n\n٩٠٦٥ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى الْحِمَّانِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"6","page":382},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-562>بَابُ الِاعْتِكَافِ، وَلَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ</span>","vol":"6","page":383},{"text":"٩٠٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ قَالَ: أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعْتَكِفُ الْعَشْرَ الْوُسَطَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، فَاعْتَكَفَ عَامًا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ لَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ وَهِيَ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي يَخْرُجُ فِيهَا مِنْ صُبْحِهَا مِنَ اعْتِكَافِهِ قَالَ: «مَنِ اعْتَكَفَ مَعِيَ، فَلْيَعْتَكِفِ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ ثُمَّ أُنْسِيتُهَا، وَقَدُ رَأَيْتُنِي أَسْجُدُ مِنْ صُبْحِهَا فِي مَاءٍ وَطِينٍ فَالْتَمِسُوهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ، وَالْتَمِسُوهَا فِي كُلِّ وِتْرٍ» قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَأَمْطَرَتِ السَّمَاءُ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ وَكَانَ الْمَسْجِدُ عَلَى عَرِيشٍ فَوَكَفَ الْمَسْجِدُ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَأَبْصَرَتْ عَيْنَايَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْصَرَفَ، وَعَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ وَأَنْفِهِ أَثَرُ الْمَاءِ وَالطِّينِ مِنْ صُبْحِ لَيْلَةِ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ ⦗٣٨٤⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ","vol":"6","page":383},{"text":"٩٠٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: وَتُطْلَبُ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ قَالَ: وَكَأَنِّي رَأَيْتُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَقْوَى الْأَحَادِيثِ فِيهِ لَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ، أَوْ لَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي لَيْلَةِ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ، وَلَيْلَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَلَيْلَةِ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنَ أُنَيْسٍ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُنَيْسٍ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ شَاسِعُ الدَّارِ، فَمُرْنِي بِلَيْلَةٍ أَنْزِلَ لَهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «انْزِلْ لَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ».\n\n٩٠٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ⦗٣٨٥⦘ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٩٠٦٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُنَيْسِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أُرِيتُ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ ثُمَّ أُنْسِيتُهَا»، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَالَّذِي رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مُرْسَلًا، قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُنَيْسٍ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُنَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n٩٠٧٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اطْلُبُوهَا لَيْلَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَلَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ، وَلَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ»، ثُمَّ سَكَتَ","vol":"6","page":384},{"text":"٩٠٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «تَحَرَّوْا لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ فِي السَّبْعِ الْأَوَاخِرِ»","vol":"6","page":385},{"text":"٩٠٧٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُرُوا لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ فِي الْمَنَامِ فِي السَّبْعِ الْأَوَاخِرِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنِّي أَرَى رُؤْيَاكُمْ قَدْ تَوَاطَأَتْ فِي السَّبْعِ الْأَوَاخِرِ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مُتَحَرِّيَهَا فَلْيَتَحَرَّهَا فِي السَّبْعِ الْأَوَاخِرِ» الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَالْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي أَخْرَجَاهُ جَمِيعًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":386},{"text":"٩٠٧٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَأَى لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ، فَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَنَّهَا لَيْلَةَ كَذَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لَا أَرَى رُؤْيَاكُمْ قَدْ تَوَاطَأَتْ، فَالْتَمِسُوهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ فِي الْوِتْرِ مِنْهَا، أَوْ فِي السَّبْعِ الْبَوَاقِي»، شَكَّ سُفْيَانُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: «أَوْ فِي السَّبْعِ الْبَوَاقِي»","vol":"6","page":386},{"text":"٩٠٧٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي أُرِيتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ حَتَّى تَلَاحَى رَجُلَانِ فَرُفِعَتْ، فَالْتَمِسُوهَا فِي التَّاسِعَةِ، وَالسَّابِعَةِ، وَالْخَامِسَةِ»","vol":"6","page":387},{"text":"٩٠٧٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُمْ بِلَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ، فَتَلَاحَى رَجُلَانِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي خَرَجْتُ وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخْبِرَكُمْ بِلَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ، فَتَلَاحَى فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ، وَلَعَلَّ ذَلِكَ يَكُونُ خَيْرًا لَكُمْ، فَالْتَمِسُوهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ فِي التَّاسِعَةِ، وَالسَّابِعَةِ، وَالْخَامِسَةِ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حُمَيْدٍ","vol":"6","page":387},{"text":"٩٠٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْتَمِسُوهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فِي تَاسِعَةٍ تَبْقَى، وَفِي سَابِعَةٍ تَبْقَى، وَفِي خَامِسَةٍ تَبْقَى» ⦗٣٨٨⦘،\n\n٩٠٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبٌ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٠٧٨ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ مُوسَى، وَتَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَعَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «الْتَمِسُوهَا فِي أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ»","vol":"6","page":387},{"text":"٩٠٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، وَعَبْدَةَ، عَنْ حُبَيْشٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ: إِنَّ أَخَاكَ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، يَقُولُ: مَنْ يَقُمِ الْحَوْلَ يُصِبْ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ، فَقَالَ: «يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، لَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهَا فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَأَنَّهَا لَيْلَةُ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَلَكِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُوا» ثُمَّ حَلَفَ أُبَيٌّ، وَلَا يَسْتَثْنِي أَنَّهَا لَيْلَةُ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، قُلْنَا: يَا أَبَا الْمُنْذِرِ بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «بِالْآيَةِ الَّتِي أَخْبَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ تَطْلُعُ صَبِيحَتَهَا ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ لَا شُعَاعَ لَهَا». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"6","page":388},{"text":"٩٠٨٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قَامَ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ» ⦗٣٨٩⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"6","page":388},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-563>الِاعْتِكَافُ </span>⦗٣٩١⦘\n٩٠٨١ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ، وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧]\n\n٩٠٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْعُكُوفُ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ بِرٌّ، الْمُعْتَكِفُ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ إِلَّا لَمَا لَا غِنًى لَهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْوُضُوءِ فِي الْمَذْهَبِ، وَالْمُعْتَكِفُ يُخْرِجُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ إِلَى بَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ لِيَغْسِلَهُ","vol":"6","page":390},{"text":"٩٠٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا اعْتَكَفَ يُدْنِي إِلَيَّ رَأْسَهُ فَأُرَجِّلُهُ، وَكَانَ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْبَيْتَ إِلَّا لِحَاجَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ هَكَذَا، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَعَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"6","page":391},{"text":"٩٠٨٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُعْتَكِفًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَأَخْرَجَ إِلَيَّ رَأْسَهُ، فَغَسَلْتُهُ، وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ»،\n\n٩٠٨٥ - هَكَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَفِي رِوَايَتِهِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ قَالَتْ: «كُنْتُ أُرَجِّلُ رَأْسَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":392},{"text":"٩٠٨٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصْغِي إِلَيَّ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَهُوَ مُعْتَكِفٌ، وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ، فَأَغْسِلُهُ»","vol":"6","page":392},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-564>الِاعْتِكَافُ بِصَوْمٍ، وَبِغَيْرِ صَوْمٍ</span>","vol":"6","page":393},{"text":"٩٠٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «الِاعْتِكَافُ سُنَّةٌ، وَيَكُونُ بِغَيْرِ صَوْمٍ، وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ الرَّجُلُ اللَّيْلَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَيَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، وَأَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ»","vol":"6","page":393},{"text":"٩٠٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَعْتَكِفَ لَيْلَةً فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ»،\n\n٩٠٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ،\n\n٩٠٩٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُدَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي هَذِهِ ⦗٣٩٤⦘ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: «يَوْمًا»، وَقَالَ فِي الْجَوَابِ: «اذْهَبْ فَاعْتَكِفْهُ وَصُمْهُ»، وَهَذَا مُنْكَرٌ، قَدْ أَنْكَرَهُ حُفَّاظُ الْحَدِيثِ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ أَهْلَ الثِّقَةِ وَالْحِفْظِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، وَابْنُ بُدَيْلٍ ضَعِيفُ الْحَدِيثِ قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْهُ،\n\n٩٠٩١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّهُ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ فِي الشِّرْكِ وَيَصُومَ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَفِيَ بِنَذْرِهِ، ذَكَرَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"6","page":393},{"text":"٩٠٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرَأَيْتُ عَامَّةً مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ يَقُولُونَ: لَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا بِصَوْمٍ\n\n٩٠٩٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَنَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «لَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا بِصَوْمٍ»، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا أُحِبُّ، وَإِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْرِفُ فِي هَذَا أَثَرًا يُعْتَمَدُ عَلَيْهِ، لِأَنَّا هَكَذَا رَأَيْنَا الْمُعْتَكِفِينَ","vol":"6","page":394},{"text":"٩٠٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْأَثَرُ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَعْتَكِفُ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ اعْتَكَفَ أَزْوَاجُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ»،\n\n٩٠٩٥ - وَالسُّنَّةُ عَلَى الْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ إِلَّا لِحَاجَتِهِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا، وَلَا يَعُودُ مَرِيضًا، وَلَا يَمَسُّ امْرَأَةً، وَلَا يُبَاشِرُهَا، وَلَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدٍ جَامِعٍ، وَالسُّنَّةُ فِي الْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ يَصُومَ،\n\n٩٠٩٦ - قَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ صَدْرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَالسُّنَّةُ فِي الْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَا الْبَاقِيَ لِاخْتِلَافِ الْحُفَّاظِ فِيهِ، مِنْهُمْ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ قَوْلِ مَنْ دُونَ عَائِشَةَ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: «الْمُعْتَكِفُ لَا يَشْهَدُ جِنَازَةً، وَلَا يَعُودُ مَرِيضًا، وَلَا يُجِيبُ دَعْوَةً، وَلَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا بِصِيَامٍ، وَلَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدٍ جَامِعٍ»،\n\n٩٠٩٧ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْمُعْتَكِفُ لَا يَعُودُ مَرِيضًا، وَلَا يَشْهَدُ جِنَازَةً» ⦗٣٩٦⦘\n\n٩٠٩٨ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «لَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا بِصَوْمٍ،»، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٩٠٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «الْمُعْتَكِفُ يَصُومُ»\n\n٩١٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ طَاوُوسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى عَلَى الْمُعْتَكِفِ صِيَامًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ \". هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحِ مَوْقُوفٌ،\n\n٩١٠١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا، وَرَفْعُهُ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٩١٠٢ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «الْمُعْتَكِفُ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَصُمْ»","vol":"6","page":395},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-565>بَابُ مَتَى يَدْخُلُ الْمُعْتَكِفُ إِذَا أَرَادَ اعْتِكَافَ الْعَشْرِ</span>","vol":"6","page":397},{"text":"٩١٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُجَاوِرُ فِي رَمَضَانَ فِي الْعَشْرِ الَّتِي فِي وَسَطِ الشَّهْرِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ حِينَ يُمْسِي مِنْ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً يَمْضِي، وَيَسْتَقْبِلُ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى مَسْكَنِهِ، وَيَرْجِعُ مَنْ كَانَ يُجَاوِرُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فِي شَهْرٍ جَاوَرَ فِيهِ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ الَّتِي كَانَ يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنِّي كُنْتُ أُجَاوِرُ هَذِهِ الْعَشْرَ، ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أُجَاوِرَ هَذِهِ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ، فَمَنْ كَانَ اعْتَكَفَ مَعِيَ فَلْيَبِتْ فِي مُعْتَكَفِهِ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ ثُمَّ أُنْسِيتُهَا، فَابْتَغُوهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ، وَابْتَغُوهَا فِي كُلِّ وِتْرٍ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي فِي صَبِيحَتَهَا أَسْجُدُ فِي طِينٍ وَمَاءٍ» ⦗٣٩٨⦘ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَاسْتَهَلَّتِ السَّمَاءُ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ فَأَمْطَرَتْ فَوَكَفَ الْمَسْجِدُ فِي مُصَلَّى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ، فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ وَقَدِ انْصَرَفَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ وَجَبِينُهُ مُمْتَلِئٌ طِينًا وَمَاءً. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ\n\n٩١٠٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مُعْتَكَفَهُ»،\n\n٩١٠٥ - فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَتْ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ الْمَوْضِعَ الَّذِي كَانَ قَدْ أَعَدَّهُ لِلْعُكُوفِ فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَكَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ الْفَجْرَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَكَانَ دُخُولُهُ فِي الِاعْتِكَافِ حَاصِلًا بِدُخُولِ الْمَسْجِدِ","vol":"6","page":397},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-566>الْمُعْتَكِفُ يَخْرُجُ لِحَاجَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ، فَيَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْمَرِيضِ، وَهُوَ مَارٌّ يَمْشِي تَحْتَ سَقْفِ بَيْتٍ</span>","vol":"6","page":399},{"text":"٩١٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، ح\n\n٩١٠٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ إِذَا اعْتَكَفَتْ لَا تَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْمَرِيضِ إِلَّا وَهِيَ تَمْشِي، لَا تَقِفُ»،\n\n٩١٠٨ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، بَدَلَ عَمْرَةَ،\n\n٩١٠٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَعَمْرَةَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَدْخُلُ الْبَيْتَ لِلْحَاجَةِ وَالْمَرِيضُ فِيهِ، فَمَا أَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا وَأَنَا مَارَّةٌ»","vol":"6","page":400},{"text":"٩١١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَمُرُّ بِالْمَرِيضِ، وَهُوَ مُعْتَكِفٌ فَيَمُرُّ كَمَا هُوَ وَلَا يَعْرُجُ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ»،\n\n٩١١١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"6","page":400},{"text":"٩١١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: «أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ اعْتَكَفَ، فَكَانَ يَذْهَبُ لِحَاجَتِهِ تَحْتَ سَقِيفَةٍ فِي ⦗٤٠١⦘ حُجْرَةٍ مُغْلَقَةٍ فِي دَارِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَرْجِعُ حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ الْعِيدَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»،\n\n٩١١٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"6","page":400},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-567>اعْتِكَافُ الْمَرْأَةِ</span>","vol":"6","page":402},{"text":"٩١١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ إِلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ فِيهِ رَأَى أَخْبِيَةً، خِبَاءَ عَائِشَةَ، وَخِبَاءَ حَفْصَةَ، وَخِبَاءَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُنَّ سَأَلَ عَنْهُنَّ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: هَذَا خِبَاءُ عَائِشَةَ، وَحَفْصَةَ، وَزَيْنَبَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «آلْبِرَّ تَقُولُونَ بِهِنَّ»، وَانْصَرَفَ فَلَمْ يَعْتَكِفْ، حَتَّى اعْتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ\n\n٩١١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَبِهَذَا كَرِهْتُ اعْتِكَافَ الْمَرْأَةِ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِ بَيْتِهَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا إِذَا صَارَتْ إِلَى مُلَازَمَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْمَأْهُولِ لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا كَثُرَ مَنْ يَرَاهَا وَتَرَاهُ ⦗٤٠٣⦘\n\n٩١١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ الْحَدِيثُ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٩١١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ مُرْسَلًا","vol":"6","page":402},{"text":"٩١١٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَيَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مُعْتَكَفَهُ قَالَتْ: وَإِنَّهُ أَرَادَ مَرَّةً أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَأَمَرَ بِبِنَائِهِ فَضُرِبَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ أَمَرْتُ بِبِنَائِي، فَضُرِبَ، وَأَمَرَ غَيْرِي مِنْ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِبِنَائِهِ فَضُرِبَ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ نَظَرَ إِلَى الْأَبْنِيَةِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذِهِ؟ آلْبِرَّ تُرِيدُونَ؟»، فَأَمَرَ بِبِنَائِهِ فَقُوِّضَ، وَأَمَرَ أَزْوَاجُهُ بِأَبْنِيَتِهِنَّ فَقُوِّضَتْ، ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ الِاعْتِكَافَ إِلَى الْعَشْرِ الْأُوَلِ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"6","page":403},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-568>الْمَرْأَةُ تَزُورُ زَوْجَهَا فِي اعْتِكَافِهِ</span>","vol":"6","page":404},{"text":"٩١١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ مُعْتَكِفًا، فَأَتَتْهُ صَفِيَّةُ، فَقَامَ فَمَشَى مَعَهَا، فَأَبْصَرَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَدَعَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «تَعَالَ، هَذِهِ صَفِيَّةُ، وَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَجْرِي مِنِ ابْنِ آدَمَ مَجْرَى الدَّمِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"6","page":404},{"text":"٩١١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْفَضْلِ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْعَدْلَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ رَوْحٍ الْإِسْناوِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَانَ الْأَهْوَازِيَّ الْحَافِظَ، يَذْكُرُ عَنْ بَعْضِ، شُيُوخِهِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي مَجْلِسِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ وَعِنْدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ وَمَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ ⦗٤٠٥⦘ صَفِيَّةُ، فَقَالَ: «تَعَالَ، هَذِهِ امْرَأَتِي صَفِيَّةُ». الْحَدِيثُ قَالَ: فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: مَا فِقْهُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ؟ فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ كَانَ الْقَوْمُ اتَّهَمُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانُوا بِتُهْمَتِهِمْ إِيَّاهُ كُفَّارًا، لَكِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَدَّبَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: إِذَا كُنْتُمْ هَكَذَا فَافْعَلُوا هَكَذَا كَيْلَا يُظَنَّ بِكُمْ ظَنُّ السُّوءِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: جَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا مَا يَجِيئُنَا إِلَّا كُلُّ مَا نُحِبُّ،\n\n٩١٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ النَّبِيلِ، وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ يَعْنِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"6","page":404},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-569>الرَّجُلُ يَسْتَلْقِي فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَيَضَعُ إِحْدَى رِجْلَيْهِ عَلَى الْأُخْرَى</span>","vol":"6","page":406},{"text":"٩١٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَعْنِي فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، مُسْتَلْقِيًا وَاضِعًا إِحْدَى رِجْلَيْهِ عَلَى الْأُخْرَى». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n٩١٢٢ - وَالَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ اشْتِمَالِ الصَّمَّاءِ وَالِاحْتِبَاءِ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَأَنْ يَرْفَعَ الرَّجُلُ إِحْدَى رِجْلَيْهِ عَلَى الْأُخْرَى وَهُوَ ⦗٤٠٧⦘ مُسْتَلْقٍ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ»، فَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْهُ إِذَا كَانَ إِزَارُهُ ضَيِّقًا، فَتَبْدُو مِنْهُ عَوْرَتُهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ وَاسِعًا لَا تَبْدُو مِنْهُ عَوْرَتُهُ، أَوْ كَانَ لَا يَسْتُرُ عَنِ التَّكَشُّفِ مُتَوَقِّيًا لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ بِدَلِيلِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقِ","vol":"6","page":406},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-570>١٢ - كِتَابُ الْمَنَاسِكِ</span>","vol":"7","page":5},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-571>بَابُ إِثْبَاتِ فَرْضِ الْحَجِّ عَلَى مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا</span>\n٩١٢٣ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]،\n\n٩١٢٤ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا وَمَنْ كَفَرَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧]","vol":"7","page":7},{"text":"٩١٢٥ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ ﵀ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ الْأُمَوِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ. . .﴾ [آل عمران: ٨٥] الْآيَةَ، قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ: فَنَحْنُ مُسْلِمُونَ. فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﵇، فَاخْصِمْهُمْ بِحُجَّتِهِمْ، يَعْنِي. فَقَالَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «حُجُّوا». فَقَالُوا: لَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْنَا. وَأَبَوْا أَنْ ⦗٨⦘ يَحُجُّوا قَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧] \"\n\n٩١٢٦ - قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: «مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمِلَلِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ»\n\n٩١٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ بِمَا قَالَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ؛ لِأَنَّ هَذَا كُفْرٌ بِفَرْضِ الْحَجِّ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَهُ اللَّهُ ﵎، وَالْكُفْرُ بِآيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ كُفْرٌ","vol":"7","page":7},{"text":"٩١٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿وَمَنْ كَفَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٦] قَالَ:  «هُوَ مَا إِنْ حَجَّ لَمْ يَرَهُ بِرًّا، وَإِنْ جَلَسَ لَمْ يَرَهُ إِثْمًا» كَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّهُ كُفْرٌ بِفَرْضِ الْحَجِّ\n\n٩١٢٩ - قَالَ: وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بِآيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ كَانَ كَافِرًا، وَهَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَمَا قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ فِيهِ أَوْضَحُ وَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا وَاضِحًا ⦗٩⦘،\n\n٩١٣٠ - ثُمَّ اسْتَدَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِآيَةِ الِاسْتِئْذَانِ، وَأَلَّا يُتْلَا فِي ثُبُوتِ الْفَرْضِ عَلَى الْبَالِغِينَ دُونَ الْأَطْفَالِ\n\n٩١٣١ - قَالَ: وَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ الْجِهَادَ، وَفِي كِتَابِهِ: فَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ حَرِيصًا عَلَى أَنْ يُجَاهِدَ، وَأَبُوهُ حَرِيصٌ عَلَى جِهَادِهِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ، فَرَدَّهُ عَامَ أُحُدٍ، ثُمَّ أَجَازَهُ حِينَ بَلَغَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً عَامَ الْخَنْدَقِ،\n\n٩١٣٢ - فَاسْتَدْلَلْنَا بِأَنَّ الْفَرَائِضَ وَالْحُدُودَ، إِنَّمَا تَجِبُ عَلَى الْبَالِغِينَ، وَصَنَعَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ أُحُدٍ مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا كُلُّهُمْ فِي مِثْلِ سِنِّهِ\n\n٩١٣٣ - قَالَ: وَفَرْضُ الْحَجِّ زَائِلٌ عَلَى مَنْ بَلَغَ مَغْلُوبًا عَلَى عَقْلِهِ، لِأَنَّ الْفَرَائِضَ عَلَى مَنْ عِقِلَهَا،\n\n٩١٣٤ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ، وَالْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يُفِيقَ، وَالنَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ\n\n٩١٣٥ - \" قَالَ: وَلَوْ حَجَّ كَافِرٌ بَالِغٌ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ، لَمْ يَجُزْ عَنْهُ حَجَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُكْتَبْ لَهُ عَمَلٌ يُؤَدِّي فَرْضًا فِي يَدَيْهِ، حَتَّى يَصِيرَ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَإِذَا أَسْلَمَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَجُّ\n\n٩١٣٦ - قَالَ: وَكَأَنَّ فِي الْحَجِّ مُؤْنَةً فِي الْمَالِ، وَكَانَ الْعَبْدُ لَا مَالَ لَهُ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيَّنَ بِقَوْلِهِ: «مَنْ بَاعِ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ مَالٌ، فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ» ⦗١٠⦘. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ هَذِهِ الْفُصُولِ، وَأَسَانِيدُ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ مَذْكُورَةٌ حَيْثُ ذَكَرَهَا\n\n٩١٣٧ - قَالَ: وَالْحَجُّ مَرَّةً: لِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حَجُّ الْبَيْتِ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧]، فَذَكَرَهُ مَرَّةً","vol":"7","page":8},{"text":"٩١٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سِنَانٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ الْأَقْرَعَ بْنَ حَابِسٍ، سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الْحَجُّ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ، أَوْ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً؟ فَقَالَ: «بَلْ» مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، فَمَنْ زَادَ فَهُوَ تَطَوُّعٌ \". رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ. وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"7","page":10},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-572>بَابُ كَيْفَ الِاسْتِطَاعَةُ</span>","vol":"7","page":11},{"text":"٩١٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حَجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧]،\n\n٩١٤٠ - وَالِاسْتِطَاعَةُ فِي دَلَالَةِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْإِجْمَاعِ ثَلَاثٌ: أَنْ يَكُونَ \" الرَّجُلُ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى مَرْكَبٍ، وَزَادٍ يُبَلِّغُهُ ذَاهِبًا وَجَائِيًا، وَهُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْمَرْكَبِ لَيْسَ بِزَمِنٍ، لَا يَثْبُتُ عَلَى مَرْكَبٍ، وَلَا حَائِلَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَهُوَ مُسْتَطِيعٌ، وَأَيُّ هَذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْتَطِيعٍ، إِنْ كَانَ دُونَهُ حَائِلٌ فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْتَطِيعٍ، أَوْ كَانَ غَيْرَ وَاجِدٍ لِلْمَالِ، وَهُوَ قَوِيُّ الْبَدَنِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْتَطِيعٍ، أَوْ كَانَ وَاجِدًا لِلْمَالِ، وَلَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الثُّبُوتِ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، وَلَا مَرْكَبَ غَيْرَهَا، فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْتَطِيعٍ بِبَدَنِهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ الِاسْتِطَاعَةُ، الثَّانِيَةُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَيَسْتَأْجِرَ مَنْ يَحُجُّ عَنْهُ، أَوْ يَكُونَ لَهُ مَنْ إِذَا أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحُجَّ عَنْهُ أَطَاعَهُ \"","vol":"7","page":12},{"text":"٩١٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزَّاهِدُ. قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ خَثْعَمَ سَأَلَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ فَرِيضَةَ اللَّهِ ⦗١٣⦘ فِي الْحَجِّ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ أَدْرَكَتْ أَبِي شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا، لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَسْتَمْسِكَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، فَهَلْ تَرَى أَنْ \" أَحُجَّ عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: هَكَذَا أَحْفَظُهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n٩١٤٢ - وأَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَهُ، وَزَادَ: فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَهَلْ يَنْفَعُهُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ كَمَا لَوْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَقَضَيْتِهِ، نَفَعَهُ»\n\n٩١٤٣ - لَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا: ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَذَكَرَهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ «أَمَالِي الْحَجِّ»، وَذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ، وَإِنَّمَا سَقَطَ فِي النَّقْلِ","vol":"7","page":12},{"text":"٩١٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَدِيفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ خَثْعَمَ تَسْتَفْتِيهِ، فَجَعَلَ الْفَضْلُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا وَتَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصْرِفُ وَجْهَ الْفَضْلِ إِلَى الشِّقِّ الْآخَرِ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ ⦗١٤⦘ اللَّهِ إِنَّ فَرِيضَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ فِي الْحَجِّ أَدْرَكَتْ أَبِي شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنَّ يَثْبُتَ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، \" أَفَأَحُجُّ عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، وَذَلِكَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":13},{"text":"٩١٤٥ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ خَثْعَمَ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ أَبِي أَدْرَكَتْهُ فَرِيضَةُ الْحَجِّ، وَهُوَ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَسْتَوِيَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ بَعِيرِهِ قَالَ:  «حُجِّي عَنْهُ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"7","page":14},{"text":"٩١٤٦ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ ⦗١٥⦘، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَكُلُّ مِنًى مَنْحَرٌ»، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ خَثْعَمَ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّ أَبِي شَيْخٌ قَدْ أَفْنَدَ، وَأَدْرَكَتْهُ فَرِيضَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ فِي الْحَجِّ، وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَدَاءَهَا. فَهَلْ يَجْزِي عَنْهُ أَنْ \" أُؤَدِّيَهَا عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ»","vol":"7","page":14},{"text":"٩١٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَوْ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، كَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا،\n\n٩١٤٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنْ لَا يَبْلُغَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ الْحَلْبَ، فَيَحْلِبَ، فَيَشْرَبَ، وَيَسْقِيَهُ إِلَّا حَجَّ، وَحَجَّ بِهِ مَعَهُ، فَبَلَغَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ الَّذِي قَالَ الشَّيْخُ، وَقَدْ كَبِرَ الشَّيْخُ، فَجَاءَ ابْنُهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَبِي قَدْ كَبِرَ وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَحُجَّ، \" أَفَأَحُجُّ عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»\n\n٩١٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَكَرَ مَالِكٌ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي عَجُوزَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ لَا نَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ نُرْكِبَهَا عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ، وَإِنْ رَبَطْتُهَا خِفْتُ أَنْ تَمُوتَ، أَفَأَحُجُّ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»","vol":"7","page":15},{"text":"٩١٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗١٦⦘،\n\n٩١٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ طَاوُسًا يَقُولُ: أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا حَجٌّ، فَقَالَ: «حُجِّي عَنْ أُمِّكِ»\n\n٩١٥٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"7","page":15},{"text":"٩١٥٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلًا، يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ عَنْ فُلَانٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: إِنَّ «كُنْتَ حَجَجْتَ فَلَبِّ عَنْهُ، وَإِلَّا فَاحْجُجْ»","vol":"7","page":16},{"text":"٩١٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ورَوَى جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنْ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قَالَ لِشَيْخٍ كَبِيرٍ لَمْ يَحُجَّ: إِنْ شِئْتَ  «فَجَهِّزْ رَجُلًا يَحُجُّ عَنْكَ»\n\n٩١٥٥ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رِوَايَةً عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ،\n\n٩١٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ\n\n٩١٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ عَطَاءٌ مَذْهَبًا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ أَنَّهُ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ عَنْهُ بِكُلِّ نُسُكٍ مِنْ حَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ أَوْ ⦗١٧⦘ عَمَلِهِمَا مُطِيقًا لَهُ وَغَيْرَ مُطِيقٍ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَنْ يَزِيدَ مَوْلَى عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: رُبَّمَا أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَطُوفَ عَنْهُ\n\n٩١٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُنَا لَا يَعْمَلُهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَالْمَعْمُولُ عَنْهُ غَيْرُ مُطِيقِ الْعَمَلِ بِكِبَرٍ أَوْ مَرَضٍ لَا يُرْجَى أَنْ يُطِيقَ بِحَالٍ أَوْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ، وَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ بِالسُّنَّةِ","vol":"7","page":16},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-573>بَابُ الْحَالِ الَّتِي يَجِبُ فِيهَا الْحَجُّ بِنَفْسِ</span>هِ\n٩١٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأُحِبُّ لِمَنْ قَوِيَ عَلَى الْمَشْيِ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَحُجَّ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ، وَلَيْسَ بِوَاجِبٍ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" السَّبِيلُ: الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ \"\n\n٩١٦٠ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَحَادِيثُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَجِبَ الْمَشْيُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ إِلَى الْحَجِّ وَإِنْ أَطَاقَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ مِنْهَا مُنْقَطِعَةً، وَمِنْهَا مَا يَمْتَنِعُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ تَثْبِيتِهِ","vol":"7","page":18},{"text":"٩١٦١ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: قَعَدْنَا إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: مَا \" الْحَاجُّ؟ فَقَالَ: «الشَّعِثُ التَّفِلُ»، فَقَامَ آخَرُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيَّةُ الْحَجَّةِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ: «الْعَجُّ ⦗١٩⦘ وَالثَّجُّ». فَقَامَ آخَرُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا السَّبِيلُ؟ قَالَ: «الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ»\n\n٩١٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا يَمْتَنِعُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْ تَثْبِيتِ هَذَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْخُوزِيِّ، وَقَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُ،\n\n٩١٦٣ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ","vol":"7","page":18},{"text":"٩١٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ورُوِيَ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ مَنْ، سَمِعَ أَنَسًا، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" السَّبِيلُ: الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ \"","vol":"7","page":19},{"text":"٩١٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنِ الْأَصْلِ، وَتَمَامُهُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ شَوْذَبٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ بِهَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ قَالَ: «الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ»،\n\n٩١٦٦ - هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ ورُوِيَ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَوْصُولًا وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ ⦗٢٠⦘،\n\n٩١٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: سَبِيلُهُ مَنْ وَجَدَ لَهُ سَعَةً وَلَمْ يَحُلْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ\n\n٩١٦٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: \" السَّبِيلُ: الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ \"\n\n٩١٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَرَادَ الْحَجَّ فَلْيَتَعَجَّلْ»، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَعْرِضُ لَهُ مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ حَاجَةٍ»،\n\n٩١٧٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ يَمْرَضُ الْمَرِيضُ، وَتَضِلُّ الضَّالَّةُ، وَتَعْرِضُ الْحَاجَةُ»،\n\n٩١٧١ - وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَوْ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا","vol":"7","page":19},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-574>بَابُ الِاسْتِسْلَافِ لِلْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":21},{"text":"٩١٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى صَاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ \" لَمْ يَحُجَّ أَيَسْتَقْرِضُ لِلْحَجِّ؟ قَالَ: «لَا»","vol":"7","page":21},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-575>بَابُ الرَّجُلِ يُؤَاجِرُ نَفْسَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَخْدُمُهُ، ثُمَّ يُهِلُّ بِالْحَجِّ مَعَهُ</span>","vol":"7","page":22},{"text":"٩١٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: \" أُؤَاجِرُ نَفْسِي مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ، فَأَنْسُكُ مَعَهُمُ الْمَنَاسِكَ إِلَى أَجْرٍ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: نَعَمْ ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا، وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠٢] \"،\n\n٩١٧٤ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ. فَذَكَرَهُ عَنْهُ وَحْدَهُ فِي الْأَمَالِي بِمِثْلِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَيَجْزِئُ ذَلِكَ عَنِّي. بَدَلَ قَوْلِهِ: إِلَى أَجْرٍ","vol":"7","page":22},{"text":"٩١٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ التَّيْمِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: إِنِّي رَجُلٌ أُكَرِّي فِي هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَإِنَّ أُنَاسًا يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَكَ حَجٌّ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: أَلَسْتَ تُحْرِمُ وَتُلَبِّي وَتَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَتُفِيضُ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ، وَتَرْمِي الْجِمَارَ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: بَلَى. قَالَ فَإِنَّ \" لَكَ حَجًّا، جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ مِثْلِ مَا سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ، فَسَكَتَ ⦗٢٣⦘ عَنْهُ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٨] فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ وَقَالَ: «لَكَ حَجٌّ»،\n\n٩١٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُمَامَةَ التَّيْمِيُّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ رَجُلًا أُكَرِّي فِي هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَكَانَ نَاسٌ يَقُولُونَ لِي: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَكَ حَجٌّ. فَلَقِيتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ. فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":22},{"text":"٩١٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ، وَيَتَّجِرَ، قَدْ كَانَ بَعْضُ صَحَابَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ يَتْلُو: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٨] فِي مَوَاسِمِ الْحَجِّ \" هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ، وَالصَّوَابُ: «بَعْضُ الصَّحَابَةِ»، وَهُوَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ مَحْفُوظٌ","vol":"7","page":23},{"text":"٩١٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْحَجِّ كَانُوا يَتَبَايَعُونَ بِمِنى وَعَرَفَةَ، وَسُوقِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ، وَمَوَاسِمِ الْحَجِّ: فَخَافُوا الْبَيْعَ، وَهُمْ حُرُمٌ: فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٨] أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا ⦗٢٤⦘ فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فِي مَوَاسِمِ الْحَجِّ \" قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَؤُهَا فِي الْمُصْحَفِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا لَمْ تَشْغَلْهُ التِّجَارَةُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْ عَمَلِ الْحَجِّ","vol":"7","page":23},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-576>بَابُ مَنْ حَجَّ فِي حُمْلَانَ غَيْرِهِ وَمُؤْنَتِهِ</span>\n٩١٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ حَجَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ،\n\n٩١٨١ - قَدْ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فُقَرَاءٌ حَمَلَهُمْ، «وَقَسَمَ بَيْنَ عَوَامِّهِمْ غَنَمًا مِنْ مَالِهِ، فَذَبَحُوهَا كَمَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ»","vol":"7","page":25},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-577>بَابُ مِنْ أَيْنَ نَفَقَةُ مَنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَحُجَّ</span>","vol":"7","page":26},{"text":"٩١٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «الْحِجَّةُ الْوَاجِبَةُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ»","vol":"7","page":26},{"text":"٩١٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أُمِّي نَذَرَتْ أَنْ تَحُجَّ، فَمَاتَتْ وَلَمْ تَحُجَّ، \" أَفَأَحُجُّ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ: «لَوْ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّكِ دَيْنٌ أَكُنْتِ قَاضِيَتِهِ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَاقْضِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَفَاءِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٢٧⦘ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَمُوسَى، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ،\n\n٩١٨٤ - وَفِي تَشْبِيهِ الْحَجِّ الْوَاجِبِ بِالدَّيْنِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُسٌ","vol":"7","page":26},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-578>مَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَحُجَّ عَنْ غَيْرهِ</span>","vol":"7","page":28},{"text":"٩١٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: سَمِعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَجُلًا، يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ عَنْ فُلَانٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: إِنْ «كُنْتَ حَجَجْتَ فَلَبِّ عَنْهُ. وَإِلَّا فَاحْجُجْ عَنْ نَفْسِكِ، ثُمَّ احْجُجْ عَنْهُ»\n\n٩١٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، مُرْسَلًا","vol":"7","page":28},{"text":"٩١٨٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يُلَبِّي عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ قَرِيبٍ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «لَبَّيْتَ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَلَبِّ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ، ثُمَّ لَبِّ عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُطَيَّنٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُرَيْحُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩١٨٨ - وَرَوَاهُ شَرِيكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا، وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ ضَعِيفَةٍ مَوْصُولًا ⦗٢٩⦘،\n\n٩١٨٩ - وَأَصَحُّ مَا فِي الْبَابِ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وهَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، الْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ","vol":"7","page":28},{"text":"٩١٩٠ - قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَزْرَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا، يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ قَالَ: «مَنْ شُبْرُمَةُ؟» قَالَ: أَخٌ لِي أَوْ قَرِيبٌ لِي قَالَ: «حَجَجْتَ عَنْ نَفْسِكِ؟» قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: «حُجَّ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ، ثُمَّ حُجَّ عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ»،\n\n٩١٩١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٩١٩٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَفِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ قَالَ: «فَلَبِّ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ، ثُمَّ لَبِّ عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ»\n\n٩١٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ غُنْدَرٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ","vol":"7","page":29},{"text":"٩١٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَجُلًا يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَيْحَكَ ⦗٣٠⦘، وَمَا شُبْرُمَةُ؟ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ قَرَابَةً لَهُ. قَالَ: أَحَجَجْتَ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: «فَاحْجُجْ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ، ثُمَّ احْجُجْ عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ»","vol":"7","page":29},{"text":"٩١٩٥ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي أَمَالِي الْحَجِّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، وخَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا، يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ، فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ وَمَا شُبْرُمَةُ؟ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَالَ: أَخِي. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: فَذَكَرَ قَرَابَةً. فَقَالَ: أَحَجَجْتَ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: «فَاجْعَلْ هَذِهِ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ، ثُمَّ احْجُجْ عَنْ شُبْرُمَةَ»\n\n٩١٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنْ صَحَّ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا فَفِيهِ الدَّلَالَةُ، وَكَانَ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ نَصَّ بِرَفْعِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَصِحَّ مَرْفُوعًا، فَهُوَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ صَحِيحٌ، بِرِوَايَةِ غُنْدَرٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ،\n\n٩١٩٧ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا\n\n٩١٩٨ - وَإِذَا انْضَمَّ إِلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْمُرْسَلِ قَوْلُ صَحَابِيٍّ كَانَتْ فِيهِ الْحُجَّةُ عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ مَهْمَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَعْدَ هَذَا مِنَ الِاسْتَدْلَالِ بِالْإِهْلَالِ مُطْلَقًا، وَبِمَا أَهَلَّ بِهِ فُلَانٌ، وَمُفَارَقَتِهِ بِذَلِكَ الْإِحْرَامَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، وَحَدِيثُ نُبَيْشَةَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ، فَرَوَاهُ كَمَا رَوَاهُ النَّاسُ\n\n٩١٩٩ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ ﵀: الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ مَتْرُوكُ ⦗٣١⦘ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ. وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ ﵀","vol":"7","page":30},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-579>مَنْ أَهَلَّ يَنْوِي أَنْ يَكُونَ تَطَوُّعًا، أَوْ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ، أَوْ قَالَ: إِحَرَامِي كَإِحْرَامِ فُلَانٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ حَجَّ حَجَّةَ الْإِسْلَامِ</span>","vol":"7","page":32},{"text":"٩٢٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، كَانَ فِي هَذَا كُلِّهِ حَاجًّا، وَأَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ مِنْ حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ،\n\n٩٢٠١ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَدِمَ عَلِيٌّ مِنْ سِعَايَتِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗٣٣⦘: «بِمَ أَهْلَلْتَ يَا عَلِيُّ؟» قَالَ: بِمَا أَهَلَّ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ. قَالَ: «فَأَهْدِ وَامْكُثْ حَرَامًا كَمَا أَنْتَ». قَالَ: وَأَهْدَى لَهُ عَلِيٌّ هَدْيًا \"","vol":"7","page":32},{"text":"٩٢٠٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَهُوَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ حَجَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَى الْبَيْدَاءَ، فَنَظَرْتُ مَدَّ بَصَرِي مِنْ بَيْنَ رَاكِبٍ وَرَاجِلٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ، وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِ كُلُّهُمْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْتَمَّ بِهِ، نَلْتَمِسُ أَنْ نَقُولَ كَمَا يَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَا نَنْوِي إِلَّا الْحَجَّ، وَلَا نَعْرِفُ غَيْرَهُ، وَلَا نَعْرِفُ الْعُمْرَةَ فَلَمَّا طُفْنَا فَكُنَّا عِنْدَ الْمَرْوَةِ قَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ» مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ فَلْيُحِلَّ، وَلْيَجْعَلْهَا عُمْرَةً، وَلَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ مَا أَهْدَيْتُ «، فَحَلَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ»","vol":"7","page":33},{"text":"٩٢٠٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗٣٤⦘: «مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَلْيَقُمْ عَلَى إِحْرَامِهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَلْيُحِلَّ». وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعِي هَدْيٌ فَحَلَلْتُ، وَكَانَ مَعَ الزُّبَيْرِ هَدْيٌ فَلَمْ يُحِلَّ \"","vol":"7","page":33},{"text":"٩٢٠٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِخَمْسٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، لَا نَرَى إِلَّا أَنَّهُ الْحَجُّ، فَلَمَّا كُنَّا بِسَرِفٍ أَوْ قَرِيبٍ مِنْهَا، أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا عُمْرَةً، فَلَمَّا كُنَّا بِمِنًى أُتِيتُ بِلَحْمِ بَقَرٍ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: ذَبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ نِسَائِهِ \". قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَالَ: جَاءَتْكَ وَاللَّهِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ،\n\n٩٢٠٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ لَا يُخَالِفُ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"7","page":34},{"text":"٩٢٠٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٣٥⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا نَرَى إِلَّا الْحَجَّ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِسَرِفٍ أَوْ قَرِيبٍ مِنْهَا، حِضْتُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا أَبْكِي، فَقَالَ: مَا لَكِ أَنَفِسْتِ؟ \" فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّ «هَذَا أَمْرٌ كَتَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَنَاتِ آدَمَ، فَاقْضِي مَا يَقْضِي الْحَاجُّ غَيْرَ أَنْ لَا تَطُوفِي بِالْبَيْتِ» قَالَتْ: وَضَحَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ نِسَائِهِ بِالْبَقَرِ \"","vol":"7","page":34},{"text":"٩٢٠٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ، وإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، وهِشَامُ بْنُ حُجَيْرٍ، سَمِعُوا طَاوُسًا، يَقُولُ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ لَا يُسَمِّي حَجًّا وَلَا عُمْرَةً، يَنْتَظِرُ الْقَضَاءَ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَهُوَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ: مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ أَهَلَّ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا عُمْرَةً. وَقَالَ: \" لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ، لَمَا سُقْتُ الْهَدْيَ، وَلَكِنْ لَبَّدْتُ رَأْسِي، وَسُقْتُ هَدْيِي، فَلَيْسَ لِي مَحَلٌّ دُونَ مَحَلِّ هَدْيِي، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اقْضِ لَنَا قَضَاءَ قَوْمٍ كَأَنَّمَا وُلِدُوا الْيَوْمَ، أَعُمْرَتُنَا هَذِهِ لِعَامِنَا هَذَا. أَمْ لِلْأَبَدِ؟ فَقَالَ:  «دَخَلَتِ الْعُمْرَةُ فِي الْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ». قَالَ: وَدَخَلَ عَلِيٌّ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «بِمَ أَهْلَلْتَ؟» فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ: إِهْلَالَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: لَبَّيْكَ حَجَّةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \"،\n\n٩٢٠٨ - حَدِيثُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَحَدِيثُ أَسْمَاءَ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَحَدِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَخْرَجَهُ ⦗٣٦⦘ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَحَدِيثُ طَاوُسٍ مُرْسَلٌ، وَقَدْ أَكَّدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ بِحَدِيثِ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ\n\n٩٢٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ مُهِلِّينَ يَنْتَظِرُونَ الْقَضَاءَ، فَعَقَدُوا الْإِحْرَامَ لَيْسَ عَلَى حَجٍّ وَلَا عُمْرَةٍ، وَلَا قِرَانٍ، يَنْتَظِرُونَ الْقَضَاءَ، فَنَزَلَ الْقَضَاءُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَ \" مَنْ لَا هَدْيَ مَعَهُ، أَنْ يَجْعَلَ إِحْرَامَهُ عُمْرَةً، وَمَنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ حَجَّةً، وَلَبَّى عَلِيٌّ، وَأَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ بِالْيَمَنِ، وَقَالَا عِنْدَ تَلْبِيَتِهِمَا: إِهْلَالٌ كَإِهْلَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَأَمَرَهُمَا بِالْمُقَامِ عَلَى إِحْرَامِهِمَا \"،\n\n٩٢١٠ - فَدَلَّ هَذَا عَلَى الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ الْإِحْرَامِ وَالصَّلَاةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ لَا تُجْزِئُ إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَنْوِيَ فَرِيضَةً بِعَيْنِهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ الصَّوْمُ، وَيُجْزِئُ بِالسُّنَّةِ الْإِحْرَامُ، فَلَمَّا دَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ لِلْمَرْءِ أَنْ يُهِلَّ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْوِ حَجًّا بِعَيْنِهِ، وَيُحْرِمَ بِإِحْرَامِ الرَّجُلِ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ، دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَهَلَّ مُتَطَوِّعًا، وَلَمْ يَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الْفَرِيضَةِ كَانَتْ حَجَّةَ الْفَرِيضَةِ، وَلَمَّا كَانَ هَذَا كَانَ إِذَا أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَلَمْ يَهْلُلْ بِالْحَجِّ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، كَانَتِ الْحَجَّةُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَكَانَ هَذَا مَعَقُولًا فِي السُّنَّةِ مُكْتَفًى بِهِ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْتُ حَدِيثًا مُنْقَطِعًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مُتَّصِلًا","vol":"7","page":35},{"text":"٩٢١١ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَعِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ إِذْ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ يَعْنِي فِيمَنْ عَلَيْهِ الْحَجُّ وَنَذَرَ حَجًّا؟ فَقَالَ: «هَذِهِ حَجَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَلْيَلْتَمِسْ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ نَذْرَهُ»","vol":"7","page":36},{"text":"٩٢١٢ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ لَمْ يَحُجَّ، فَحَجَّ يَنْوِي النَّافِلَةَ، أَوْ حَجَّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، أَوْ حَجَّ لِنَذْرِهِ قَالَ: «هَذِهِ حَجَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ يَحُجُّ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ بَعْدُ إِنْ شَاءَ، وَعَنْ نَذْرِهِ»","vol":"7","page":37},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-580>بَابُ تَأْخِيرِ الْحَجِّ</span>\n٩٢١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" نَزَلَتْ فَرِيضَةُ الْحَجِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَافْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهَا فِي شَوَّالٍ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ ⦗٣٩⦘ عَلَيْهَا عَتَّابَ بْنَ أُسَيْدٍ، فَأَقَامَ الْحَجَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَحُجَّ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ وَعَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِهِ،\n\n٩٢١٤ - ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ تَبُوكَ، فَبَعَثَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ: فَأَقَامَ الْحَجَّ لِلنَّاسِ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَحُجَّ، لَمْ يَحُجَّ هُوَ وَلَا أَزْوَاجُهُ وَلَا عَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِهِ، حَتَّى حَجَّ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ \"،\n\n٩٢١٥ - فَاسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَجَّ فَرِيضَةٌ مَرَّةً فِي الْعُمُرِ: أَوَّلُهُ الْبُلُوغُ، وَآخِرُهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ\n\n٩٢١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ حِينَ كَانَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، وَهُوَ أُمُّ رَأْسِهِ تُؤْذِيهِ، فَقَالَ: فَفِيَّ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ، فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]، فَثَبَتَ بِهَذَا نُزُولُ قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ.\n\n٩٢١٧ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ يَقْرَؤُهَا: (وَأَقِيمُوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ)،\n\n٩٢١٨ - وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ يَقُولُ: تَمَامُ الْحَجِّ أَنْ تُحْرِمَ مِنْ دُوَيْرَةِ أَهْلِكَ ⦗٤٠⦘،\n\n٩٢١٩ - وَزَمَنُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ كَانَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ مِنِ الْهِجْرَةِ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ عُمْرَةُ الْقَضِيَّةِ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ، ثُمَّ كَانَ الْفَتْحُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ عُمْرَةُ الْجِعْرَانَةِ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، وَكَانَ قَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَ عَتَّابَ بْنَ أُسَيْدٍ عَلَى مَكَّةَ، فَأَقَامَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ \"،\n\n٩٢٢٠ - هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ نَافِعٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْمَغَازِي وَأَهْلِ التَّوَارِيخِ\n\n٩٢٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَنَاسِكِ: وَصَلَّى جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي وَقْتَيْنِ، وَقَالَ: مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ وَقْتٌ،\n\n٩٢٢٢ - وَقَدْ أَعْتَمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْعَتَمَةِ حَتَّى نَامَ الصِّبْيَانُ وَالنِّسَاءُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مَا يُصْغُونَ، «لَصَلَّاهَا حِينَ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ»\n\n٩٢٢٣ - قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: إِنْ كَانَ لَيَكُونُ عَلَيَّ الصَّوْمُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، فَمَا أَقْدِرُ أَنْ أَقْضِيَهُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ شَعْبَانُ \"،\n\n٩٢٢٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ أَنْ تَصُومَ، وَزَوْجُهَا شَاهِدٌ، إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ»","vol":"7","page":38},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-581>بَابُ وَقْتِ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ </span>⦗٤٢⦘\n٩٢٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ، فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ، وَلَا فُسُوقَ، وَلَا جِدَالَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧] \"","vol":"7","page":41},{"text":"٩٢٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِنَافِعٍ: أَسَمِعْتَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يُسَمِّي أَشْهُرَ الْحَجِّ؟ قَالَ: \" نَعَمْ. كَانَ يُسَمِّي شَوَّالًا: شَوَّالًا، وَذَا الْقَعْدَةِ وَذَا الْحِجَّةِ \" قُلْتُ لِنَافِعٍ: فَإِنْ أَهَلَّ إِنْسَانٌ بِالْحَجِّ قَبْلَهُنَّ؟ قَالَ: «لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا»\n\n٩٢٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِلَى هَذَا ذَهَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَهُوَ مِنْ شُهُورِ الْحَجِّ، وَالْحَجُّ فِي بَعْضِهِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ\n\n٩٢٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: \" هِيَ شَوَّالٌ، وَذُو الْقَعْدَةِ، وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ\n\n٩٢٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «شَوَّالٌ وَذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَعَشْرٌ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ»،\n\n٩٢٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٢٣١ - وَرُوِيَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗٤٣⦘\n\n٩٢٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَشْهُرُ الْحَجِّ: شَوَّالٌ وَذُو الْقَعْدَةِ، وَعَشْرُ لَيَالٍ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ الْوقُوفَ بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ الْآخِرِ مِنْ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ، فَقَدْ فَاتَهُ الْحَجُّ","vol":"7","page":42},{"text":"٩٢٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَلَا يُهِلُّ أَحَدٌ بِالْحَجِّ فِي غَيْرِ أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ، فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَحَجُّهُ عُمْرَةٌ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: \" ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧] \"","vol":"7","page":43},{"text":"٩٢٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَسْأَلُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ، \" أَيُهِلُّ بِالْحَجِّ قَبْلَ أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا \"","vol":"7","page":43},{"text":"٩٢٣٥ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يُهِلُّ أَحَدٌ بِالْحَجِّ، إِلَّا فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ»\n\n٩٢٣٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، مِثْلَهُ،\n\n٩٢٣٧ - وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: إِنْ أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ فَهِيَ عُمْرَةٌ\n\n٩٢٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ لِلْحَجِّ وَقْتًا، فَإِذَا أَهَلَّ بِهِ قَبْلَهُ، كَانَ كَالْمُصَلِّي قَبْلَ الْوَقْتِ، لَا تَكُونُ صَلَاتُهُ تِلْكَ مَكْتُوبَةً، وَتَكُونُ نَافِلَةً؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتَ وَقْتٌ يَصْلُحُ فِيهِ النَّافِلَةُ، كَذَلِكَ كَانَتِ الْعُمْرَةُ تَصْلُحُ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ، فَجَعَلَ إِحْرَامَهُ ذَلِكَ عُمْرَةً","vol":"7","page":43},{"text":"٩٢٣٩ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٤٤⦘ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ بِالْحَجِّ إِلَّا فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ، مِنْ أَجْلِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧]\n\n٩٢٤٠ - \" قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَبْيَنَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"7","page":43},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُسْرَوْجِرْدِيُّ، وَأَبُو مَنْصُورٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الدَّامِغَانِيُّ سَاكِنُ بَيْهَقَ. قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «لَا يُحْرَمُ بِالْحَجِّ إِلَّا فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ، فَإِنَّ مِنْ سُنَّةِ الْحَجِّ أَنْ يُحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ»\n\n٩٢٤١ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ الزَّيَّاتِ، وَالْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ","vol":"7","page":44},{"text":"٩٢٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ: قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: قَوْلُهُ: \" ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧] مَعْنَاهُ: وَقْتُ الْحَجِّ هَذِهِ الْأَشْهُرُ الْمَعْلُومَاتُ، الْأَشْهُرُ الْمَعْلُومَاتُ مِنَ الْحَجِّ: شَوَّالٌ، وَذُو الْقَعْدَةِ، وَعَشْرٌ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ \"\n\n٩٢٤٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ:، وَقَالَ غَيْرُ الْفَرَّاءِ: الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ، يُرِيدُ أَنَّ الْحَجَّ فِي أَشْهُرٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ","vol":"7","page":44},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-582>الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ فِيهِ الْعُمْرَةُ وَمَنِ اعْتَمَرَ فِي السَّنَةِ مِرَارًا</span>","vol":"7","page":45},{"text":"٩٢٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَمْرَو بْنَ دِينَارٍ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَوْسٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، يَقُولُ: أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ \" أُعْمِرَ عَائِشَةَ، فَأَعْمَرْتُهَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ. قَالَ هُوَ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: لَيْلَةَ الْحَصْبَةِ \" ⦗٤٦⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَابْنُ أَوْسٍ هُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ أَوْسٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ\n\n٩٢٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَدْ كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ مِمَّنْ حَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ، فَعَائِشَةُ قَدِ اعْتَمَرَتْ فِي تِسْعِ لَيَالٍ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ مَرَّتَيْنٍ؛ لِأَنَّهَا دَخَلَتْ يَوْمَ رَابِعٍ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَاعْتَمَرَتْ لَيْلَةَ الْحَصْبَةِ لَيْلَةَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"7","page":45},{"text":"٩٢٤٦ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ:  «فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ عُمْرَةٌ»","vol":"7","page":46},{"text":"٩٢٤٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، وَلَدِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ بِمَكَّةَ، فَكَانَ «إِذَا حُمِّمَ رَأْسُهُ، خَرَجَ فَاعْتَمَرَ»","vol":"7","page":46},{"text":"٩٢٤٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، \" اعْتَمَرَتْ فِي سَنَةٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ، أَوْ ⦗٤٧⦘ قَالَ: مِرَارًا قَالَ: قُلْتُ: أَعَابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا أَحَدٌ؟ فَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ \"\n\n٩٢٤٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: اعْتَمَرَتْ فِي سَنَةٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ قَالَ صَدَقَةُ: فَقُلْتُ: هَلْ عَابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا أَحَدٌ؟ قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ. وَرَوَاهُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ","vol":"7","page":46},{"text":"٩٢٥٠ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، «اعْتَمَرَتْ فِي سَنَةٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ، مَرَّةً مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَمَرَّةً مِنَ الْجُحْفَةِ»","vol":"7","page":47},{"text":"٩٢٥١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: \" اعْتَمَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ أَعْوَامًا فِي عَهْدِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: عُمْرَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ \"","vol":"7","page":47},{"text":"٩٢٥٢ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَطَاءٌ، عَنِ \" الْعُمْرَةِ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ \"\n\n٩٢٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ","vol":"7","page":47},{"text":"عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ⦗٤٨⦘ هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْعُمْرَةُ إِلَى الْعُمْرَةِ كَفَّارَاتٌ لِمَا بَيْنَهُمَا، وَالْحَجُّ الْمَبْرُورُ لَيْسَ لَهُ جَزَاءٌ إِلَّا الْجَنَّةَ»\n\n٩٢٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُجَاعُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"7","page":47},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-583>بَابُ الْعُمْرَةِ فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ</span>\n٩٢٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَنِ الْعُمْرَةِ فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ؟ فَقَالَ: حَسَنَةٌ أَسْتَحْسِنُهَا، وَهِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْهَا بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ، لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]، وَلِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «دَخَلَتِ الْعُمْرَةُ فِي الْحَجِّ»، وَلِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ إِحْرَامَهُ عُمْرَةً \"\n\n٩٢٥٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ لَأَنْ أَعْتَمِرَ أَعْتَمِرُ قَبْلَ الْحَجِّ وَأُهْدِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ أَنْ أَعْتَمِرَ بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ»\n\n٩٢٥٧ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ، فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نَكْرَهُ الْعُمْرَةَ قَبْلَ الْحَجِّ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَدْ كَرِهْتُمْ مَا رَوَيْتُمْ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَا أُحِبُّهُ مِنْهَا، وَمَا رَوَيْتُمْ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،» فَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ جَمَعَ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِحَجٍّ \"، فَلِمَ كَرِهْتُمْ مَا رُوِيَ ⦗٥٠⦘ أَنَّهُ فُعِلَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ اسْتَحْسَنَهُ، وَمَا أَذِنَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مِنَ التَّمَتُّعِ؟ إِنَّ هَذِهِ لَسُوءُ الِاخْتِيَارِ، وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ\n\n٩٢٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا \" أَعْمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَائِشَةَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، إِلَّا لِيَقْطَعَ بِذَلِكَ أَمْرَ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْحَيَّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَمَنْ دَانَ دِينَهُمْ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: إِذَا بَرَأَ الدَّبَرْ، وَعَفَا الْأَثَرْ، وَدَخَلَ صَفَرْ، حَلَّتِ الْعُمْرَةُ لِمَنِ اعْتَمَرْ، وَكَانُوا يُحَرِّمُونَ الْعُمْرَةَ حَتَّى يَنْسَلِخَ ذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمُ \"\n\n٩٢٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُهِلَّ الرَّجُلُ بِعُمْرَةٍ فِي السَّنَةِ كُلِّهَا يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، وَأَيَّامَ مِنًى، وَغَيْرِهَا مِنَ السَّنَةِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ حَاجًّا، وَلَمْ يَطْمَعْ بِإِدْراكِ الْحَجِّ، قَدْ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَائِشَةَ، فَأَدْخَلَتِ الْحَجَّ عَلَى الْعُمْرَةِ، فَوَافَتْ عَرَفَةَ، وَمِنًى حَاجَّةً مُعْتَمِرَةً، وَالْعُمْرَةُ لَهَا مُتَقَدِّمَةٌ»،\n\n٩٢٦٠ - وَقَدْ أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، هَبَّارَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَأَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، وَكَانَا أَهَلَّا بِالْحَجِّ أَنْ يَطُوفَ، وَيَسْعَى، وَيَحْلِقَ، أَوْ يُقَصِّرَ، وَيُحِلَّ ⦗٥١⦘،\n\n٩٢٦١ - فَهَذَا عَمَلُ عُمْرَةٍ إِنْ فَاتَهُ الْحَجُّ، وَإِنَّ أَعْظَمَ الْأَيَّامِ حُرْمَةً لَأَوْلَاهَا أَنْ يُنْسَكَ فِيهَا للَّهِ ﷿","vol":"7","page":49},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-584>بَابُ إِدْخَالِ الْحَجِّ عَلَى الْعُمْرَةِ</span>\n٩٢٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَهَلَّتْ عَائِشَةُ وَأَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْتَظِرُونَ الْقَضَاءَ، فَنَزَلَ الْقَضَاءُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ إِحْرَامَهُ عُمْرَةً، فَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ مُعْتَمِرَةً، بِأَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهَا هَدْيٌ، فَلَمَّا حَالَ الْمَحِيضُ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْإِحْلَالِ مِنْ عُمْرَتِهَا، وَرَهَقَهَا الْحَجُّ، أَمَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَجَّ فَفَعَلَتْ، فَكَانَتْ قَارِنَةً \"؛\n\n٩٢٦٣ - فَبِهَذَا قُلْنَا: تُدْخِلُ الْحَجَّ عَلَى الْعُمْرَةِ مَا لَمْ تَفْتَحِ الطَّوَافَ\n\n٩٢٦٤ - قَالَ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ","vol":"7","page":52},{"text":"٩٢٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ح\n\n٩٢٦٦ - قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَرُوبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗٥٣⦘: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا، يَقُولُ: دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَهِيَ تَبْكِي، فَقَالَ: «مَا لَكِ تَبْكِينَ؟» قَالَتْ: أَبْكِي أَنَّ النَّاسَ حَلُّوا، وَلَمْ أَحْلِلْ، وَطَافُوا بِالْبَيْتِ وَلَمْ أَطُفْ، وَهَذَا الْحَجُّ قَدْ حَضَرَ. قَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ كَتَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَنَاتِ آدَمَ،» فَاغْتَسِلِي وَأَهِلِّي بِالْحَجِّ، ثُمَّ حُجِّي \". قَالَتْ: فَفَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا طَهُرْتُ قَالَ: «طُوفِي بِالْبَيْتِ وَبَيْنِ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «قَدْ حَلَلْتِ مِنْ حَجِّكِ، وَمِنْ عُمْرَتِكَ». فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ عُمْرَتِي، أَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ طُفْتُ حَتَّى حَجَجْتُ. فَقَالَ: «اذْهَبْ بِهَا يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَأَعْمِرْهَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، وَعَبْدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ\n\n٩٢٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَوْ أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ، ثُمَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِ عُمْرَةً، فَإِنَّ أَكْثَرَ مَنْ لَقِيتُ وَحَفِظْتُ عَنْهُ، يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ، وَلَا أَدْرِي هَلْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ أَمْ لَا؟ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَلَيْسَ يَثْبُتُ \"\n\n٩٢٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي نَصْرٍ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁ فِي جَوَازِ إِدْخَالِ الْحَجِّ عَلَى الْعُمْرَةِ، دُونَ إِدْخَالِ الْعُمْرَةِ عَلَى الْحَجِّ،\n\n٩٢٦٧ - وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ السُّلَمِيُّ هَذَا غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفٍ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":52},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-585>بَابُ الْعُمْرَةِ هَلْ تَجِبُ وُجُوبَ الْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":54},{"text":"٩٢٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]،\n\n٩٢٧١ - فَاخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِي الْعُمْرَةِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْمَشْرِقِيِّينَ: الْعُمْرَةُ تَطَوَّعٌ، وَقَالَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ الْحَنَفِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْحَجُّ جِهَادٌ، وَالْعُمْرَةُ تَطَوُّعٌ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٥٥⦘،\n\n٩٢٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَثَبُتَ مِثْلُ هَذَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: هُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n٩٢٧٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَالَّذِي هُوَ أَشْبَهُ بِظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ وَأَوْلَى بِأَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عِنْدِي، وَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ التَّوْفِيقَ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْعُمْرَةُ وَاجِبَةً، بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَرَنَهَا مَعَ الْحَجِّ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «اعْتَمَرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ»، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «سَنَّ إِحْرَامَهَا وَالْخُرُوجَ مِنْهَا بِطَوَافٍ وَسَعْيٍ وَحِلَاقٍ وَمِيقَاتٍ، وَفِي الْحَجِّ زِيَادَةُ عَمَلٍ عَلَى الْعُمْرَةِ»، فَظَاهِرُ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْلَى، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ دَلَالَةً عَلَى أَنَّهُ بَاطِنٌ دُونَ ظَاهِرٍ، وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"7","page":54},{"text":"٩٢٧٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّهَا لَقَرِينَتُهَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] \"","vol":"7","page":55},{"text":"٩٢٧٥ - قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ أَحَدٌ، إِلَّا وَعَلَيْهِ حَجَّةٌ وَعُمْرَةٌ وَاجِبَتَانِ»\n\n٩٢٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: مِنْ مَكِّيِّينَا، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْأَكْثَرِ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ: وَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]\n⦗٥٦⦘،\n\n٩٢٧٧ - وَسَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قِرَانِ الْعُمْرَةِ مَعَ الْحَجِّ هَدْيًا، وَلَوْ كَانَ أَصْلُ الْعُمْرَةِ تَطَوُّعًا أَشْبَهَ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ لِأَحَدٍ، أَنْ يُقْرِنَ الْعُمْرَةَ مَعَ الْحَجِّ؛ لِأَنَّ أَحَدًا لَا يُدْخِلُ فِي نَافِلَةٍ فَرْضًا، حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا، قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ فِي الْأُخْرَى، وَقَدْ يُدْخِلُ فِي أَرْبَعِ رَكَعَاتٍ، وَأَكْثَرَ نَافِلَةً، قِيلَ: يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِسَلَامٍ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فِي مَكْتُوبَةٍ وَنَافِلَةٍ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ،\n\n٩٢٧٨ - وَأَشْبَهُ أَنْ لَا يَلْزَمَهُ بِالتَّمَتُّعِ، وَالْقِرَانِ هَدْيٌ إِذَا كَانَ أَصْلُ الْعُمْرَةِ تَطَوُّعًا بِكُلِّ حَالٍ؛ لِأَنَّ حُكْمَ مَا لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا تَطَوُّعًا بِحَالٍ، غَيْرُ حُكْمِ مَا يَكُونُ فَرْضًا فِي حَالٍ،\n\n٩٢٧٩ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «دَخَلَتِ الْعُمْرَةُ فِي الْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ»،\n\n٩٢٨٠ - وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِسَائِلِهِ عَنِ الطِّيبِ وَالثِّيَابِ: «افْعَلْ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ، مَا كُنْتَ فَاعِلًا فِي حَجِّكَ»\n\n٩٢٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ فِيَ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي، كَتَبَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: «إِنَّ الْعُمْرَةَ هِيَ الْحَجُّ الْأَصْغَرُ»\n\n٩٢٨٢ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ كِتَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ شَيْئًا، إِلَّا قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَفِي شَكٍّ أَنْتُمْ مِنْ أَنَّهُ كِتَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: لَا \" ⦗٥٧⦘\n\n٩٢٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَالَ: فَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ امْرَأَةً أَنْ تَقْضِيَ الْحَجَّ عَنْ أَبِيهَا، وَلَمْ يُحْفَظْ عَنْهُ أَنْ تَقْضِيَ الْعُمْرَةَ عَنْهُ، قِيلَ لَهُ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، فَيُحْفَظُ بَعْضُهُ دُونَ بَعْضٍ، وَيُحْفَظُ كُلُّهُ فَيُؤَدَّى بَعْضُهُ دُونَ بَعْضٍ، وَيُجِيبُ عَمَّا يُسْأَلُ عَنْهُ، وَيَسْتَغْنِيَ أَيْضًا بِأَنْ يَعْلَمَ أَنَّ الْحَجَّ إِذَا قُضِيَ عَنْهُ، فَسَبِيلُ الْعُمْرَةِ سَبِيلُهُ\n\n٩٢٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا فِي الْعُمْرَةِ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ","vol":"7","page":55},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ أَوْسٍ، يُحَدِّثُ: عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ الْعُقَيْلِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ أَبِي شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ، وَلَا الظَّعْنَ؟ قَالَ:  «حُجَّ عَنْ أَبِيكَ وَاعْتَمِرْ»\n\n٩٢٨٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا أَعْلَمُ فِي إِيجَابِ الْعُمْرَةِ حَدِيثًا أَجْوَدَ مِنْ هَذَا، وَلَا أَصَحَّ مِنْهُ\n\n٩٢٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ: عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ: أَنْ «تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ، وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ، وَتَعْتَمِرَ، وَتَغْتَسِلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، وَتُتِمَّ الْوُضُوءَ» ⦗٥٨⦘،\n\n٩٢٨٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ الصُّبَيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ: إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ مَكْتُوبَيْنِ عَلَيَّ. وَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ وُجُوبَ الْعُمْرَةِ\n\n٩٢٨٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ فَرِيضَتَانِ»\n\n٩٢٨٩ - وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْعُمْرَةُ وَاجِبَةٌ»\n\n٩٢٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَلَاتَانِ لَا يَضُرُّكَ بِأَيِّهِمَا بَدَأْتَ \"\n\n٩٢٩١ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «نُسُكَانَ للَّهِ لَا يَضُرُّكَ بِأَيِّهِمَا بَدَأْتَ»\n\n٩٢٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ \" الْعُمْرَةِ: أَوَاجِبَةٌ هِيَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَأَنْ تَعْتَمِرَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ \" ⦗٥٩⦘،\n\n٩٢٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَرَفْعُهُ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n٩٢٩٤ - وَرَوَى ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مَرْفُوعًا بِخِلَافِهِ قَالَ: «الْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ فَرِيضَتَانِ وَاجِبَتَانِ، وَهَذَا أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَصِحُّ»","vol":"7","page":57},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-586>بَابُ مَا يُجْزِئُ مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ إِذَا جُمِعَتْ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا</span>\n٩٢٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَيُجْزِئُهُ أَنْ يُقْرِنَ الْحَجَّ مَعَ الْعُمْرَةِ، وَيُجْزِئَهُ مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ الْوَاجِبَةِ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُهْرِيقَ دَمًا: قِيَاسًا عَلَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ، فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]\n\n٩٢٩٦ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: «عَلَى الْقَارِنِ بَدَنَةٌ» رَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا قُلْنَا بِهِ وَلَمْ نُخَالِفْهُ،\n\n٩٢٩٧ - وَأَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يُجْزِئَهُ شَاةٌ قِيَاسًا عَلَى هَدْيِ التَّمَتُّعِ، وَالْقَارِنُ أَخَفُّ حَالًا مِنَ الْمُتَمَتِّعِ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ\n\n٩٢٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ الشَّعْبِيِّ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ، وَثَبُتَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَلْيُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ مَعَ الْعُمْرَةِ، وَلَا يُحِلَّ حَتَّى يُحِلَّ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا» ⦗٦١⦘\n\n٩٢٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَحَرَ عَنْ نِسَائِهِ بَقَرَةً فِي حَجِّهِ،\n\n٩٣٠٠ - وَذَكَرْنَا أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ قَارِنَةً، وَالْبَدَنَةُ تُجْزِئُ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ»، وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الصُّبَيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ: كُنْتُ أَعْرَابِيًّا نَصْرَانِيًّا، وَإِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ، وَأَنَا حَرِيصٌ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ، وَإِنِّي وَجَدْتُ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ مَكْتُوبَيْنِ عَلَيَّ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنْ قَوْمِي، فَقَالَ لِي: اجْمَعْهَا وَاذْبَحْ مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ، وَإِنِّي أَهْلَلْتُ بِهِمَا مَعًا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: هُدِيتَ لِسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّكَ ﷺ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ بْنِ أَعْيُنَ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ قَالَ: قَالَ الصُّبَيُّ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ. فَذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ","vol":"7","page":60},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-587>مِيقَاتُ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ لِمَنْ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ</span>\n٩٣٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا اعْتَمَرَ قَبْلَ الْحَجِّ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ إِلَى الْحَجِّ أَنْشَأَ الْحَجَّ، إِنْ شَاءَهُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ لَا مِنَ الْمِيقَاتِ\n\n٩٣٠٢ - قَالَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَالَّذِي أَخْتَارُ أَنْ يُهِلَّ إِذَا تَوَجَّهَ إِلَى مِنًى؛ لِأَنَّ جَابِرًا رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا تَوَجَّهْتُمْ إِلَى مِنًى رَائِحِينَ، فَأَهِلُّوا»\n\n٩٣٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ أَفْرَدَ الْحَجَّ، فَأَرَادَ الْعُمْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ، خَرَجَ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ، ثُمَّ أَهَلَّ مِنْ أَيْنَ شَاءَ","vol":"7","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-588>بَابُ اسْتِحْبَابِ الْعُمْرَةِ مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":63},{"text":"٩٣٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مُحَرِّشٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «خَرَجَ مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ لَيْلًا فَاعْتَمَرَ، وَأَصْبَحَ بِهَا كَبَائِتٍ»\n\n٩٣٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: هُوَ مُحَرِّشٌ\n\n٩٣٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَصَابَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ؛ لِأَنَّ وَلَدَهُ عِنْدَنَا يَقُولُونَ: بَنُو مُحَرِّشٍ\n\n٩٣٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ مُزَاحِمِ بْنِ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ","vol":"7","page":63},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-589>اسْتِحْبَابُ الْعُمْرَةِ مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ</span>","vol":"7","page":64},{"text":"٩٣٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَمْرَو بْنَ دِينَارٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ أَوْسٍ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَمَرَهُ أَنْ «يُرْدِفَ عَائِشَةَ، فَيُعْمِرَهَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"7","page":64},{"text":"٩٣٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا تَنَحَّى عَنْ هَذَيْنِ الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ، وَإِنْ أَبْعَدَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ أَكْثَرَ لِسَفَرِهِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ»\n\n٩٣١٠ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْتَحِبُّ لِلْمُعْتَمِرِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْحَرَمِ بَطْنَ وَادٍ،\n\n٩٣١١ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَنَاسِكِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَإِنْ أَخْطَأَهُ ذَلِكَ اعْتَمَرَ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى بِهَا وَأَرَادَ الْمَدْخَلَ لِعُمْرَتِهِ مِنْهَا","vol":"7","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-590>بَابُ الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي إِفْرَادِ الْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":65},{"text":"٩٣١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْحَجِّ الْكَبِيرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" إِذَا أَرَادَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ: كَانَ مِمَّنْ حَجَّ أَوْ لَمْ يَحُجَّ ⦗٦٧⦘، فَوَاسِعٌ لَهُ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَوَاسِعٌ لَهُ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِحَجٍّ وَعُمْرَةٍ، وَوَاسِعٌ لَهُ أَنْ يُفْرِدَ وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُفْرِدَ؛ لِأَنَّ الثَّابِتَ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَفْرَدَ \"\n\n٩٣١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَفْرَدَ الْحَجَّ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":66},{"text":"٩٣١٤ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ \" وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا فِي الْمُسْنَدِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ لَمْ يَحُجَّ، ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ، فَقَدِمَ النَّاسُ الْمَدِينَةَ لِيَخْرُجُوا مَعَهُ، فَخَرَجَ فَانْطَلَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَانْطَلَقْنَا مَعَهُ لَا نَعْرِفُ إِلَّا الْحَجَّ، وَقَدْ خَرَجْنَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنُ، وَهُوَ يَعْرِفُ تَأْوِيلَهُ، وَإِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ، فَقَدِمْنَا مَكَّةَ، فَلَمَّا طَافَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَبِالصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ قَالَ: «مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَلْيَجْعَلْهَا عُمْرَةً، فَلَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ مَا سُقْتُ الْهَدْيَ، وَلَجَعَلْتُهَا عُمْرَةً». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، الْحَدِيثُ بِطُولِهِ","vol":"7","page":67},{"text":"٩٣١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ أَهَلَّ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ بِالْحَجِّ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ هَدْيٌ، غَيْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَطَلْحَةَ، وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ قَدِمَ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ وَمَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَقَالَ: أَهْلَلْتُ بِمَا أَهَلَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلُوهَا عُمْرَةً وَيَطُوفُوا، ثُمَّ يُقَصِّرُوا وَيُحِلُّوا إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَقَالُوا: نَنْطَلِقُ إِلَى مِنًى، وَذَكَرُ أَحَدِنَا يَقْطُرُ؟ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي  «لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ مَا أَهْدَيْتُ، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّ مَعِيَ الْهَدْيَ لَأَحْلَلْتُ». وَأَنَّ عَائِشَةَ حَاضَتْ، فَنَسَكَتِ الْمَنَاسِكَ كُلَّهَا، غَيْرَ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَلَمَّا طَهُرَتْ وَأَفَاضَتْ قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَتَنْطَلِقُونَ بِحَجَّةٍ وَعُمْرَةٍ وَأَنْطَلِقُ بِالْحَجِّ؟ فَأَمَرَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مَعَهَا إِلَى التَّنْعِيمٍ، فَاعْتَمَرَتْ بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَأَنَّ سُرَاقَةَ بْنَ مَالِكِ بْنِ جُعْشُمٍ لَقِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْعَقَبَةِ وَهُوَ يَرْمِيهَا، فَقَالَ: أَلَكُمْ هَذِهِ خَاصَّةً؟ قَالَ: «لَا، بَلْ لِلْأَبَدِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ","vol":"7","page":68},{"text":"٩٣١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ⦗٦٩⦘ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رُقَيْشٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَا سَمَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي إِحْرَامِهِ حَجًّا وَلَا عُمْرَةً»\n\n٩٣١٧ - كَذَا وَقَعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَنَاسِكِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ وَهُوَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ،\n\n٩٣١٨ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نُلَبِّي لَا نَذْكُرُ حَجًّا، وَلَا عُمْرَةً،\n\n٩٣١٩ - وَفِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُخْرَى: لَا نَذْكُرُ إِلَّا الْحَجَّ،\n\n٩٣٢٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: وَلَا نَرَى إِلَّا أَنَّهُ الْحَجُّ","vol":"7","page":68},{"text":"٩٣٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ عَائِشَةَ، تَقُولُ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِخَمْسِ لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، وَلَا نَرَى إِلَّا أَنَّهُ الْحَجُّ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنْ مَكَّةَ، أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، إِذَا طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَسَعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ أَنْ يُحِلَّ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَدُخِلَ عَلَيْنَا يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ بِلَحْمِ بَقَرٍ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا؟ فَقَالُوا:  «نَحَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَزْوَاجِهِ» ⦗٧٠⦘ قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِلْقَاسِمِ، فَقَالَ: أَتَتْكَ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٩٣٢٢ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَتْنِي عَمْرَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ عَائِشَةَ، تَقُولُ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَقِيلَ: ذَبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَزْوَاجِهِ الْبَقَرَ","vol":"7","page":69},{"text":"٩٣٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، وإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، أَنَّهُمَا سَمِعَا طَاوُسًا، يَقُولُ: خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَا يُسَمِّي حَجًّا، وَلَا عُمْرَةً، يَنْتَظِرُ الْقَضَاءَ قَالَ: فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ، وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا عُمْرَةً، وَقَالَ: «لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ لَمَا سُقْتُ الْهَدْيَ، وَلَكِنِّي لَبَّدْتُ رَأْسِي، وَسُقْتُ هَدْيِي، وَلَيْسَ لِي مَحَلٌّ، إِلَّا مَحَلَّ هَدْيِي». فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالَ: اقْضِ لَنَا قَضَاءَ قَوْمٍ كَأَنَّمَا وُلِدُوا الْيَوْمَ، أَعُمْرَتُنَا هَذِهِ لِعَامِنَا هَذَا، أَمْ لِلْأَبَدِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «بَلْ لِلْأَبَدِ، دَخَلَتِ الْعُمْرَةُ فِي الْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ ⦗٧١⦘ الْقِيَامَةِ» قَالَ: فَدَخَلَ عَلِيٌّ مِنِ الْيَمَنِ، فَسَأَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «بِمَا أَهْلَلْتَ؟» فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: لَبَّيْكَ إِهْلَالَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: لَبَّيْكَ حَجَّةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \"","vol":"7","page":70},{"text":"٩٣٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَفْرَدَ الْحَجَّ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":71},{"text":"٩٣٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «وَأَهَلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحَجِّ»\n\n٩٣٢٦ - اخْتَصَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"7","page":71},{"text":"، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَرَادَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِحَجٍّ وَعُمْرَةٍ، فَلْيَفْعَلْ، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِحَجٍّ فَلْيُهِلَّ، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ، فَلْيُهِلَّ». قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂، فَأَهَلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِحَجٍّ، وَأَهَلَّ بِهِ نَاسٌ مَعَهُ، وَأَهَلَّ نَاسٌ بِالْعُمْرَةِ وَالْحَجِّ، وَأَهَلَّ نَاسٌ بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ أَهَلَّ بِالْعُمْرَةِ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"7","page":71},{"text":"٩٣٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا شَأْنُ النَّاسِ حَلُّوا بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ أَنْتَ مِنْ عُمْرَتِكِ؟ قَالَ: إِنِّي «لَبَّدْتُ رَأْسِي، وَقَلَّدْتُ هَدْيِي، فَلَا أَحِلُّ حَتَّى أَنْحَرَ». وَلَمْ يَقُلْ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ «بِعُمْرَةٍ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":72},{"text":"٩٣٢٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهَلَّ، فَقَالَ: «لَبَّيْكَ بِعُمْرَةٍ وَحَجَّةٍ مَعًا»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُوسُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ ⦗٧٣⦘\n\n٩٣٢٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «جَمَعَ بَيْنَ حَجٍّ وَعُمْرَةٍ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْهَ عَنْهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ،\n\n٩٣٣٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى قَرَنَ بَيْنَ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ»\n\n٩٣٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَلَيْسَ مِمَّا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ شَيْءٌ أَحْرَى أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مُتَّفِقًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ، أَوْ مُخْتَلِفًا لَا يُنْسَبُ صَاحِبُهُ إِلَى الْغَلَطِ بِاخْتِلَافِ فِعْلِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ،\n\n٩٣٣٢ - وَمَنْ قَالَ: قَرَنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ حَدِيثُ مَنْ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْتِدَاءُ إِحْرَامِهِ حَجًّا لَا عُمْرَةً مَعَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَحُجَّ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَّا حَجَّةً وَاحِدَةً، وَلَمْ يُخْتَلَفْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ السُّنَنِ، وَالِاخْتِلَافُ فِيهِ أَيْسَرُ مِنْ هَذَا مِنْ جِهَةِ أَنَّهُ مُبَاحٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْغَلَطُ فِيهِ قَبِيحًا فِيمَا حُمِلَ مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ،\n\n٩٣٣٣ - وَمَنْ فَعَلَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا قِيلَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَلَهُ كَانَ لَهُ وَاسِعًا: لِأَنَّ الْكِتَابَ، ثُمَّ السُّنَّةَ مِمَّا لَا أَعْلَمُ فِيهِ خِلَافًا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ التَّمَتُّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ، وَإِفرَادَ الْحَجِّ، وَالْقِرَانِ وَاسِعٌ كُلُّهُ\n\n٩٣٣٤ - قَالَ: وَأَشْبَهُ الرِّوَايَةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَحْفُوظًا رِوَايَةُ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ لَا يُسَمِّي حَجًّا وَلَا عُمْرَةً. وَطَاوُسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ مُحْرِمًا يَنْتَظِرُ الْقَضَاءَ؛ لِأَنَّ رِوَايَةَ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، وَعَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ تُوَافِقُ رِوَايَتَهُ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ نَقَصُوا الْحَدِيثَ،\n\n٩٣٣٥ - وَمَنْ قَالَ: إِفْرَادُ الْحَجِّ يُشْبِهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَالَهُ عَلَى مَا يُعْرَفُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ الَّذِينَ أَدْرَكَ دُونَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. أَنَّ أَحَدًا لَا ⦗٧٤⦘ يَكُونُ مُقِيمًا عَلَى حَجٍّ، إِلَّا وَقَدِ ابْتَدَأَ إِحْرَامَهُ بِحَجٍّ، وَأَحْسَبُ عُرْوَةَ حِينَ حَدَّثَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحْرَمَ بِحَجٍّ، إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنْ سَمِعَ عَائِشَةَ، تَقُولُ: «فَفَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي حَجِّهِ»، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَهَلَّتْ بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «فَفَعَلْتُ فِي عُمْرَتِي كَذَا»، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ خَالَفَ خِلَافًا بَيِّنًا جَابِرًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «وَمِنَّا مَنْ جَمَعَ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ»،\n\n٩٣٣٦ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: قَدْ قَرَنَ الصُّبَيُّ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: هُدِيتَ لِسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّكَ ﷺ،\n\n٩٣٣٧ - قِيلَ: حُكِيَ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ قَالَا لَهُ: هَذَا أَصْلُ مَنْ حَمَلَ أَهْلَهُ، فَقَالَ: هُدِيتَ لِسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّكَ، إِنَّ مِنْ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّكَ ﷺ أَنَّ الْقِرَانَ وَالْإِفْرَادَ وَالْعُمْرَةَ هُدًى لَا ضَلَالٌ\n\n٩٣٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالرَّجُلَانِ سَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ صُوحَانَ\n\n٩٣٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَمَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا؟ قِيلَ: أَمْرُ عُمَرَ بِأَنْ يَفْصِلَ بَيْنَ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَأْمُرُ إِلَّا بِمَا يَسَعُ، وَيَجُوزُ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا مَا يُخَالِفُ سُنَّتَهُ، وَإِفْرَادَهُ الْحَجَّ،\n\n٩٣٤٠ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَمَا قَوْلُ حَفْصَةَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: مَا شَأْنُ النَّاسِ، حَلُّوا وَلَمْ تَحْلِلْ مِنْ عُمْرَتِكِ؟ قِيلَ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، وَكَانَتْ حَفْصَةُ مَعَهُمْ، فَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَجْعَلُوا إِحْرَامَهُمْ عُمْرَةً وَيَحِلُّوا، فَقَالَتْ: لَمْ يَحْلِلِ النَّاسُ، وَلَمْ تَحْلِلْ مِنْ عُمْرَتِكَ، يَعْنِي إِحْرَامَكَ الَّذِي ابْتَدَأْتَهُ وَهُمْ بِنِيَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَبَّدْتُ رَأْسِي، وَقَلَّدْتُ هَدْيِي، فَلَا أَحِلُّ حَتَّى أَنْحَرَ بُدْنِي «يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، حَتَّى يَحِلَّ الْحَاجُّ؛ لِأَنَّ الْقَضَاءَ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَنْ ⦗٧٥⦘ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ إِحْرَامَهُ حَجًّا». وَهَذَا مِنْ سَعَةِ لِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ الَّذِي يَكَادُ يُعْرَفُ بِالْجَوَابِ فِيهِ،\n\n٩٣٤١ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَمِنْ أَيْنَ يَثْبُتُ حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ، وَجَابِرٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَطَاوُسٍ، دُونَ حَدِيثِ مَنْ قَالَ: قَرَنَ؟ قِيلَ: بِتَقَدُّمِ صُحْبَةِ جَابِرٍ، وَحُسْنِ سِيَاقِهِ لِابْتَدَاءِ الْحَدِيثِ وَآخِرِهِ، وَقُرْبِ عَائِشَةَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَفَضْلِ حِفْظِهَا عَنْهُ، وَقُرْبِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَلِأَنَّ مَنْ وَصَفَ انْتِظَارَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْقَضَاءَ، إِذَا لَمْ يَحُجَّ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ فَرْضِ الْحَجِّ قَبْلَ حَجَّتِهِ حَجَّةَ الْإِسْلَامِ، طَلَبَ الِاخْتِيَارَ فِيمَا وُسِّعَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حُفِظَ عَنْهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ أَتَى فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، فانْتَظَرَ الْقَضَاءَ، وَكَذَلِكَ حُفِظَ عَنْهُ فِي غَيْرِهِمَا\n\n٩٣٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَجَّحَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ أَخْبَارَ الْإِفْرَادِ عَلَى أَخْبَارِ الْقِرَانِ بِمَا يَكُونُ تَرْجِيحًا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ عَلَى أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رِوَايَتَهُ تَلْبِيَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ جَمِيعًا. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُمْ يَصْرُخُونَ بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا\n\n٩٣٤٣ - قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ: الصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ. وَقَدْ جَمَعَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا سَمِعَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أُولَئِكَ دُونَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ هَذَا أَوْ نَحْوَهُ ⦗٧٦⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٣٤٤ - قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: وَقَدْ يَكُونُ سَمِعَهُ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، يُعَلِّمُ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِهِ كَيْفَ الْإِهْلَالُ بِالْقِرَانِ، فَتَوَهَّمَ أَنَّهُ يُهِلُّ بِهِمَا عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَهَكَذَا الْقَوْلُ فِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ أَنَّهُ قَرَنَ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ فِي قَوْلِهِ فِي الْمُتْعَةِ دُونَ الْقِرَانِ، وَمَقْصُودُهُ وَمَقْصُودُ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ التَّمَتُّعِ، وَالْقِرَانِ بَيَانُ جَوَازِهِمَا، فَإِنَّ بَعْضَ الصَّحَابَةِ كَانَ يَكْرَهُهُمَا، فَيَرْوُونَ فِيهِ الْأَخْبَارَ الَّتِي تَدُلُّ عَلَى جَوَازِهِمَا، وَرُبَّمَا يُضِيفُ بَعْضُهُمُ الْفِعْلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِذْنَهُ فِيهِمَا، وَقَوْلُهُ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁: \" أَتَانِي جِبْرِيلُ ﵇، وَأَنَا بِالْعَقِيقِ فَقَالَ: صَلِّ فِي الْوَادِي الْمُبَارَكِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَقُلْ: عُمْرَةٌ فِي حَجَّةٍ، فَقَدْ دَخَلَتِ الْعُمْرَةُ فِي الْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ «. قَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ، وَقَالَ» عُمْرَةٌ فِي حَجَّةٍ \"، وَالْمُرَادُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِبَاحَتُهُمَا، وَالْإِذْنُ فِيهِمَا فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ، وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ رِوَايَةَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّنْ يَخْتَارُ الْإِفْرَادَ عَلَى التَّمَتُّعِ وَالْقِرَانِ","vol":"7","page":72},{"text":"٩٣٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ومَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «افْصِلُوا بَيْنَ حَجِّكُمْ وَعُمْرَتِكُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ أَتَمُّ لِحَجِّ أَحَدِكُمْ، وَأَتَمُّ لِعُمْرَتِهِ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ فِي غَيْرِ أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ» ⦗٧٧⦘،\n\n٩٣٤٦ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ أَتَمُّ لِحَجِّكُمْ، وَأَتَمُّ لِعُمْرَتِكُمْ أَنْ تَفْصِلُوا بَيْنَهُمَا،\n\n٩٣٤٧ - وَاعْتَلَّ عُمَرُ فِي رِوَايَةِ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، بِوُجُوبِ الدَّمِ دُونَ الْإِفْرَادِ،\n\n٩٣٤٨ - وَمِمَّنْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى مَنْ كَرِهَ التَّمَتُّعَ وَالْقِرَانَ، عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁، وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ الْخَبَرُ، ثُمَّ هُوَ كَانَ يَخْتَارُ الْإِفْرَادَ، وَيَأْمُرُ بِهِ","vol":"7","page":76},{"text":"٩٣٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَخِي عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بَنِيهِ وَغَيْرَهُمْ \" بِإِفْرَادِ الْحَجِّ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ \"\n\n٩٣٥٠ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ فِي إِهْلَالِ عَلِيٍّ بِإِهْلَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنِّي قَدْ سُقْتُ الْهَدْيَ، وَقَرَنْتُ» خَطَأٌ ⦗٧٨⦘،\n\n٩٣٥١ - وَقَدْ رَوَى قِصَّةَ عَلِيٍّ: جَابِرٌ، وَأَنَسٌ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرَا فِيهَا قَوْلَهُ: «وَقَرَنْتُ»،\n\n٩٣٥٢ - وَمِمَّنِ اخْتَارَ الْإِفْرَادَ مِنْ أَعْلَامِ الصَّحَابَةِ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ﵁","vol":"7","page":77},{"text":"٩٣٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «نُسُكَانِ أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَعَثٌ وَسَفَرٌ»\n\n٩٣٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ الْقِرَانَ أَفْضَلُ، وَبِهِ يُفْتُونَ مَنِ اسْتَفْتَاهُمْ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ الْقِرَانَ. وَهَذَا الْكَلَامُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ","vol":"7","page":78},{"text":"٩٣٥٥ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا عُمْرَةٌ»\n\n٩٣٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ذَهَبَ فِيهَا مَذْهَبَ الِاخْتِيَارِ لِإِفْرَادِ الْعُمْرَةِ عَنِ الْحَجِّ، وَرِوَايَةُ الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْهُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ ذَهَبَ مَذْهَبَ ⦗٧٩⦘ الْكَرَاهِيَةِ، فَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ تَرْجِيحَاتِ مَنِ اخْتَارَ الْإِفْرَادَ عَلَى التَّمَتُّعِ وَالْقِرَانِ، فَلَمْ يُنْقَلْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الْإِفْرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٩٣٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: الْإِفْرَادُ، وَالْقِرَانُ وَالتَّمَتُّعُ حَسَنٌ كُلُّهُ \"\n\n٩٣٥٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَى جَابِرٌ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ مَا سُقْتُ الْهَدْيَ، وَلَجَعَلْتُهَا عُمْرَةً»،\n\n٩٣٥٩ - فَذَهَبَ الْمَكِّيُّونَ إِلَى اخْتِيَارِ التَّمَتُّعِ، وَهَذَا وَجْهٌ، لَوْلَا أَنَّهُ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ هَذَا لِيَكْرَهَ النَّاسُ الْإِحْلَالَ حِينَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ، وَأَقَامَ هُوَ مُنْفَرِدًا ﷺ، فَلَمَّا احْتَمَلَ هَذَا اخْتَرْتُ الْإِفْرَادَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ الَّذِي غُرِمَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَذَانِ الْوَجْهَانِ مَعًا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْقِرَانِ،\n\n٩٣٦٠ - وَقَالَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْحَجِّ الصَّغِيرِ: التَّمَتُّعُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ","vol":"7","page":78},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-591>جَوَازُ التَّمَتُّعِ وَالْقِرَانِ</span>","vol":"7","page":80},{"text":"٩٣٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ عَنِ التَّمَتُّعِ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ، فَقَالَ: «حَسَنٌ غَيْرُ مَكْرُوهٍ، وَقَدْ فُعِلَ ذَلِكَ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٩٣٦٢ - وَإِنَّمَا اخْتَرْنَا الْإِفْرَادَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَفْرَدَ غَيْرَ كَرَاهَةِ التَّمَتُّعِ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ إِذَا كَانَ فِعْلُ التَّمَتُّعِ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَكْرُوهًا»،\n\n٩٣٦٣ - فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِيمَا ذَكَرْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: الْأَحَادِيثُ الثَّابِتَةُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ، ثُمَّ قَدْ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ بِبَعْضِهَا","vol":"7","page":80},{"text":"٩٣٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَالضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، عَامَ حَجَّ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَهُمَا يَذْكُرَانِ التَّمَتُّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ، فَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: «لَا يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا مَنْ جَهِلَ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ» ⦗٨١⦘. فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: «بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي». فَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ قَدْ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ:  «قَدْ صَنَعَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَصَنَعْنَاهَا مَعَهُ»\n\n٩٣٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ غُنَيْمُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سَعْدًا، عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ، فَقَالَ: «قَدْ فَعَلْنَاهَا، وَهَذَا يَوْمَئِذٍ كَافِرٌ بِالْعَرْشِ يُرِيدُ بُيُوتَ مَكَّةَ»\n\n٩٣٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: قَدْ قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَوْلُ الضَّحَّاكِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ قَوْلِ سَعْدٍ، وَعُمَرُ أَعْلَمُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ سَعْدٍ\n\n٩٣٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عُمَرُ وسَعْدٌ عَالِمَانِ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَا قَالَ عُمَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْئًا يُخَالِفُ مَا قَالَ سَعْدٌ، إِنَّمَا رَوَى مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «افْصِلُوا بَيْنَ حَجِّكُمْ وَعُمْرَتِكُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ أَتَمُّ لِحَجِّ أَحَدِكُمْ وَعُمْرَتِهِ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ فِي غَيْرِ أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ»، وَلَمْ يُرْوَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنِ الْعُمْرَةِ فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ","vol":"7","page":80},{"text":"٩٣٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، فَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِحَجٍّ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ جَمَعَ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ مِمَّنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ، زَادَ فِيهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، «وَأَهَلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحَجِّ»،\n\n٩٣٦٩ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، وَهُوَ فِي سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ بِلَفْظٍ آخَرَ وَرَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ،\n\n٩٣٧٠ - وَإِنَّمَا رَوَوْهُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، فَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِحَجٍّ وَعُمْرَةٍ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ، وَأَهَلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحَجِّ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ أَوْ جَمَعَ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ، فَلَمْ يُحِلُّوا حَتَّى كَانَ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ ⦗٨٣⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٩٣٧١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِيهِ: وَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ. وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ","vol":"7","page":82},{"text":"٩٣٧٢ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَأَنْ «أَعْتَمِرَ قَبْلَ الْحَجِّ، وَأُهْدِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَعْتَمِرَ بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ»\n\n٩٣٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، فَهَذَانِ الْحَدِيثَانِ يُرِيدُ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ، وَحَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ مُوَافِقَانِ مَا قَالَ سَعْدٌ مِنْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ عَمِلَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ","vol":"7","page":83},{"text":"٩٣٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، حَجَّ فِي الْفِتْنَةِ: فَأَهَلَّ، ثُمَّ ⦗٨٤⦘ نَظَرَ فَقَالَ: مَا أَمْرُهُمَا إِلَّا وَاحِدٌ، أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ  «أَوْجَبْتُ الْحَجَّ مَعَ الْعُمْرَةِ»\n\n٩٣٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَنَحْنُ لَا نَرَى بِهَذَا بَأْسًا\n\n٩٣٧٦ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ نُقْرِنَ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ، فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَيْفَ كَرِهْتُمْ مَا فَعَلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَرَوَيْتُمْ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهُ فَعَلَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ لَقَدْ كَرِهْتُمْ غَيْرَ مَكْرُوهٍ، وَخَالَفْتُمْ مَنْ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَكُمْ خِلَافُهُ","vol":"7","page":83},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-592>بَابُ صَوْمِ الْمُتَمَتِّعِ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":85},{"text":"٩٣٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَلَا يَجِبُ دَمُ الْمُتْعَةِ عَلَى الْمُتَمَتِّعِ حَتَّى يُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ ⦗٨٦⦘ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ يَقُولُ: ﴿فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ، فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] \"،\n\n٩٣٧٨ - وَكَانَ بَيِّنًّا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ التَّمَتُّعَ هُوَ التَّمَتُّعُ بِالْإِحْلَالِ مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِالْإِحْرَامِ بِالْحَجِّ، وَأَنَّهُ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ فِي الْحَجِّ، فَقَدْ أَكْمَلَ التَّمَتُّعَ، وَمَضَى التَّمَتُّعُ، وَإِذَا مَضَى بِكَمَالِهِ، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ دَمُهُ \"\n\n٩٣٧٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَجِبُ دَمُ الْمُتْعَةِ عَلَى الْمُتَمَتِّعِ حَتَّى يَقِفَ بِعَرَفَةَ مُلَبِّيًا بِالْحَجِّ»\n\n٩٣٨٠ - وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ بِالْحَجِّ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ\n\n٩٣٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِقَوْلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ نَقُولُ، وَهُوَ مَعْنَى الْكِتَابِ\n\n٩٣٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ شَاةٌ، لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُتَمَتِّعِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهَا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ، فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ، وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ»\n\n٩٣٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ إِهْلَالِهِمْ وَتَمَتُّعِهِمْ قَالَ: وَعَلَيْنَا الْهَدْيُ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] إِلَى أَمْصَارِكُمْ قَالَ: وَالشَّاةُ تُجْزِئ \"\n\n٩٣٨٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وعَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَمْرِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ بِالْإِحْلَالِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ، مَا سُقْتُ الْهَدْيَ، وَلَحَلَلْتُ كَمَا حَلُّوا، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ فَلْيَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَسَبْعَةً إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَمَنْ وَجَدَ هَدْيًا، فَلْيَنْحَرْ»","vol":"7","page":85},{"text":"٩٣٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ قَالَ لِلنَّاسِ:  «مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ مِنْ شَيْءٍ حُرِمَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ حَجَّهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أَهْدَى، فَلْيَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَالصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، وَلْيَحْلِلْ، ثُمَّ لِيُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ وَيُهْدِي، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا، فَلْيَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةً إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ»، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n٩٣٨٦ - وَإِنَّمَا أَمَرَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ بِالْمُكْثِ عَلَى إِحْرَامِهِ بِالْحَجِّ، حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ حَجَّهُ لِيَصِيرَ مِنًى مَنْحَرَ الْهَدَايَا فِي سُنَّتِهِ دُونَ مَكَّةَ، وَلَا يَتَأَذَّى أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ بِدِمَائِهَا وَرَوَائِحِهَا","vol":"7","page":87},{"text":"٩٣٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «﴿مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾، بَدَنَةٌ أَوْ بَقَرَةٌ» ⦗٨٨⦘\n\n٩٣٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ شَاةٌ، وَيُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"7","page":87},{"text":"٩٣٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: «مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ شَاةٌ» وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ يَرَيَانِ مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ وَالْبَقَرِ، وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَطَاءٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ\n\n٩٣٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: \" الصِّيَامُ لِمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ، لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا، مَا بَيْنَ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَصُمْ صَامَ أَيَّامَ مِنًى\n\n٩٣٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا فَاتَهُ صَامَ بَعْدَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ،\n\n٩٣٩٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا فَاتَهُ لَمْ يُجْزِهِ إِلَّا الْهَدْيُ، وَهَذَا فِيمَا حَكَاهُ عَنْهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ","vol":"7","page":88},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-593>بَابُ مَتَى يُحْرِمُ الْمُتَمَتِّعُ بِالْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":89},{"text":"٩٣٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَذَكَرَ حَجَّةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَمْرَهُ إِيَّاهُمْ بِالْإِحْلَالِ، وَأَنَّهُ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُمْ:  «إِذَا تَوَجَّهْتُمْ إِلَى مِنًى رَائِحِينَ فَأَهِلُّوا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"7","page":89},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-594>بَابُ مَوَاقِيتِ الْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":90},{"text":"٩٣٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ⦗٩١⦘، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَيُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ مِنَ الْجُحْفَةِ، وَيُهِلُّ أَهْلُ نَجْدٍ مِنْ قَرْنٍ» قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَيُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ يَلَمْلَمَ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":90},{"text":"٩٣٩٥ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" أُمِرَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنْ يُهِلُّوا مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَأَهْلُ الشَّامِ مِنَ الْجُحْفَةِ، وَأَهْلُ نَجْدٍ مِنْ قَرْنٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: أَمَّا هَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثُ، فَسَمِعْتُهُنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَيُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ يَلَمْلَمَ»\n\n٩٣٩٦ - كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْجَدِيدِ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَقَالَ: أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَكَأَنَّهُ سَقَطَ ذِكْرُهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ الْجَدِيدِ ⦗٩٢⦘،\n\n٩٣٩٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ وَأَهْلُ الشَّامِ مِنَ الْجُحْفَةِ، وَأَهْلُ نَجْدٍ مِنْ قَرْنٍ» قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَيُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ يَلَمْلَمَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":91},{"text":"٩٣٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَيْنَ تَأْمُرُنَا نُهِلُّ؟ قَالَ: «يُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَيُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ مِنَ الْجُحْفَةِ، وَيُهِلُّ وَأَهْلُ نَجْدٍ مِنْ قَرْنٍ» قَالَ لِي نَافِعٌ: وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَيُهِلُّ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ يَلَمْلَمَ»","vol":"7","page":92},{"text":"٩٣٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْمُهَلِّ، فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ، ثُمَّ انْتَهَى أُرَاهُ يُرِيدُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «مُهَلُّ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ وَالطَّرِيقُ الْآخَرُ الْجُحْفَةُ، وَمُهَلُّ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ مِنْ ذَاتِ عِرْقٍ، وَمُهَلُّ أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ مِنْ قَرْنٍ، وَمُهَلُّ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ يَلَمْلَمَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n٩٤٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ: لَمْ يُسَمِّ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَإِنَّ ابْنَ سِيرِينَ، يَرْوِي عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ وَقَّتَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ غَيْرَ عُمَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"7","page":93},{"text":"٩٤٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «وَقَّتَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَلِأَهْلِ الْمَغْرِبِ الْجُحْفَةَ، وَلِأَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ، وَلِأَهْلِ نَجْدٍ قَرْنًا، وَمَنْ سَلَكَ نَجْدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ قَرْنَ الْمَنَازِلِ، وَلِأَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يَلَمْلَمَ»","vol":"7","page":93},{"text":"٩٤٠٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدٌ ⦗٩٥⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، فَرَاجَعْتُ عَطَاءً، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ زَعَمُوا  «لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ» وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُ مَشْرِقٍ حِينَئِذٍ قَالَ: كَذَلِكَ سَمِعْنَا أَنَّهُ «وَقَّتَ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ أَوِ الْعَقِيقَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ» قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِرَاقٌ وَلَكِنْ لِأَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ وَلَمْ يَعْزِهِ إِلَى أَحَدٍ دُونَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَأْبَى، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَّتَهُ","vol":"7","page":94},{"text":"٩٤٠٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:  «لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُ مَشْرِقٍ حِينَئِذٍ، فَوَقَّتَ النَّاسُ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ»\n\n٩٤٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا أَحْسَبُهُ إِلَّا كَمَا قَالَ طَاوُسٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":95},{"text":"٩٤٠٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ شَيْئًا: فَاتَّخَذَ النَّاسُ بِحِيَالِ قَرْنٍ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ \"","vol":"7","page":95},{"text":"٩٤٠٦ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «وَقَّتَ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ لِأَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ»\n\n٩٤٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مُرْسَلًا، وَذَاتُ عِرْقٍ شَبِيهٌ بِقَرْنٍ فِي الْقُرْبِ وَيَلَمْلَمَ: فَإِنْ أَحْرَمَ مِنْهَا أَهْلُ الْمَشْرِقِ رَجَوْتُ أَنْ يُجْزِيَهُمْ قِيَاسًا عَلَى قَرْنٍ وَيَلَمْلَمَ، وَلَوْ أَهَلُّوا مِنَ الْعَقِيقِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ ⦗٩٦⦘\n\n٩٤٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: لَمَّا فُتِحَ هَذَانِ الْمَصْرَانِ أَتَوْا عُمَرَ: فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «حَدَّ لِأَهْلِ نَجْدٍ مِنْ قَرْنٍ»، وَهُوَ يَجُوزُ عَنْ طَرِيقِنَا قَالَ: فَانْظُرُوا حَذْوَهَا مِنْ طَرِيقِهِمْ. قَالَ: فَحَدَّ لَهُمْ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ وَهُوَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُخَارِيِّ","vol":"7","page":95},{"text":"٩٤٠٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمُعَافَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ، عَنْ أَفْلَحَ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «وَقَّتَ لِأَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ بَهْرَامَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعَافَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٤١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا ابْنُ صَاعِدٍ: كَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ يُنْكِرُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مَعَ غَيْرِهِ عَلَى أَفْلَحَ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: يَرْوِي عَنْهُ غَيْرُ الْمُعَافَى، فَقَالَ: الْمُعَافَى بْنُ عِمْرانَ ثِقَةٌ\n\n٩٤١١ - وَرَوَى أَيْضًا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «وَقَّتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِأَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ الْعَقِيقَ» ⦗٩٧⦘،\n\n٩٤١٢ - وَرُوي فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَمْرٍو السَّهْمِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ وَقَّتَ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ لِأَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ،\n\n٩٤١٣ - وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ مَنْ هُوَ غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفٍ، وَيَنْفَرِدُ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ الثَّلَاثَةَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n٩٤١٤ - وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ أَيْضًا عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٩٤١٥ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ إِنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ ثَابِتَةً أَنْ يَكُونَ عُمَرُ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ، فَحَدَّ لَهُمْ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ: فَوَافَقَ تَحْدِيدُهُ تَوْقِيتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٩٤١٦ - وَأَمَّا الْعَقِيقُ فَهُوَ أَبْعَدُ مِنْ ذَاتِ عِرْقٍ بِيَسِيرٍ مِنْ جَانِبِ الْعِرَاقِ،\n\n٩٤١٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُحْرِمُ مِنَ الْعَقِيقِ،\n\n٩٤١٨ - وَذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ","vol":"7","page":96},{"text":"٩٤١٩ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ قَالَ: رَأَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ رَجُلًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ مِنْ ذَاتِ عِرْقٍ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ، وَقَطَعَ بِهِ الْوَادِيَ، وَأَتَى بِهِ الْمَقَابِرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ:  «هَذِهِ ذَاتُ عِرْقٍ الْأُولَى»","vol":"7","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-595>بَابُ مَنْ أُمِرَ بِالْمِيقَاتِ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ أَوْ كَانَ دُونَهُ</span>","vol":"7","page":98},{"text":"٩٤٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" وَقَّتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَلِأَهْلِ الشَّامِ الْجُحْفَةَ، وَلِأَهْلِ نَجْدٍ قَرْنًا، وَلِأَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يَلَمْلَمَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَذِهِ الْمَوَاقِيتُ لِأَهْلِهَا وَلِكُلِّ آتٍ أَتَى عَلَيْهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا مِمَّنْ أَرَادَ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ أَهْلُهُ مِنْ دُونِ الْمِيقَاتِ، فَلْيُهِلَّ مِنْ حَيْثِ يُنْشِئُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ يُهِلُّونَ مِنْهَا»\n\n٩٤٢١ - قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمَوَاقِيتِ مِثْلَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ فِي الْمَوَاقِيتِ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ وُهَيْبِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاوُسٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَمَنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"7","page":98},{"text":"٩٤٢٢ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مَعْنٍ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «وَقَّتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَلِأَهْلِ الشَّامِ الْجُحْفَةَ، وَلِأَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يَلَمْلَمَ وَلِأَهْلِ نَجْدٍ قَرْنًا، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ دُونِ ذَلِكَ فَمِنْ حَيْثُ يَبْدَأُ»","vol":"7","page":99},{"text":"٩٤٢٣ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً: أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «إِذَا مَرَّ الْمَكِّيُّ بِمِيقَاتِ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ، فَلَا يُجَاوِزْهُ، إِلَّا مُحْرِمًا»\n\n٩٤٢٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ طَاوُسٌ: فَإِنْ «مَرَّ الْمَكِّيُّ عَلَى الْمِيقَاتِ يُرِيدُ مَكَّةَ فَلَا يُخَلِّفْهَا حَتَّى يَعْتَمِرَ»","vol":"7","page":99},{"text":"٩٤٢٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «الْمَوَاقِيتُ فِي الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ سَوَاءٌ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَهَلَّ مِنْ وَرَائِهَا، وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَهَلَّ مِنْهَا، وَلَا يُجَاوِزُهَا إِلَّا مُحْرِمًا»\n\n٩٤٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ","vol":"7","page":99},{"text":"٩٤٢٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَنْ سَلَكَ بَرًّا أَوْ بَحْرًا مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَةِ الْمَوَاقِيتِ أَحْرَمَ، إِذَا حَاذَى بِالْمَوَاقِيتِ»\n\n٩٤٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ","vol":"7","page":99},{"text":"٩٤٢٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ «أَهَلَّ مِنَ الْفُرْعِ»\n\n٩٤٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا عِنْدَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِمِيقَاتِهِ لَمْ يُرِدْ حَجًّا، وَلَا عُمْرَةً، ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ مِنَ الْفُرْعِ، فَأَهَلَّ مِنْهُ، أَوْ جَاءَ الْفُرْعَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ الْإِهْلَالُ، فَأَهَلَّ مِنْهَا وَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ إِلَى ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَهُوَ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمَوَاقِيتِ","vol":"7","page":99},{"text":"٩٤٣١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ الْقَائِلَ، إِلَّا أَنَّا نَرَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗١٠٠⦘، «الرَّجُلُ يُهِلُّ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، وَمِنْ بَعْدِ مَا يُجَاوِزُ إِنْ شَاءَ، وَلَا يُجَاوِزِ الْمِيقَاتَ إِلَّا مُحْرِمًا»","vol":"7","page":99},{"text":"٩٤٣٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ: أَنَّهُ رَأَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَرُدُّ «مَنْ جَاوَزَ الْمِيقَاتَ غَيْرَ مُحْرِمٍ»\n\n٩٤٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ وَهُوَ مَعْنَى السُّنَّةِ","vol":"7","page":100},{"text":"٩٤٣٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً قَالَ: \" وَمَنْ أَخْطَأَ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ مِنْ مِيقَاتِهِ أَوْ عَمَدَ ذَلِكَ، فَلْيَرْجِعْ إِلَى مِيقَاتِهِ، فَلْيُهِلَّ مِنْهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَحْبِسَهُ أَمْرٌ يُعْذَرُ بِهِ مِنْ وَجَعٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، أَوْ يَخْشَى أَنْ يَفُوتَهُ الْحَجُّ إِنْ رَجَعَ، فَلْيُهْرِقْ دَمًا وَلَا يَرْجِعْ، وَأَدْنَى مَا يُهْرِيقُ مِنَ الدَّمِ فِي الْحَجِّ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ: الشَّاةُ \"\n\n٩٤٣٥ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنَ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَرَأَيْتَ \" الَّذِي يُخْطِئُ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ مِنْ مِيقَاتِهِ، وَيَأْتِي وَقَدْ أَزَفَ الْحَجُّ، فَيُهَرِيقُ دَمًا، أَوْ يَخْرُجُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ، فَيُهِلُّ بِالْحَجِّ مِنَ الْحِلِّ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ حَسْبُهُ الدَّمُ الَّذِي يُهْرِيقُ \"\n\n٩٤٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ فِي وُجُوبِ الدَّمِ عَلَيْهِ، إِذَا جَاوَزَ الْمِيقَاتَ غَيْرَ مُحْرِمٍ وَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ وَأَحْرَمَ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"7","page":100},{"text":"٩٤٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ ⦗١٠١⦘، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «مَنْ نَسِيَ مِنْ نُسُكِهِ شَيْئًا أَوْ تَرَكَهُ فَلْيُهْرِقْ دَمًا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٤٣٨ - وَرَوَى اللَّيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا جَاوَزَ الْوَقْتَ فَلَمْ يُحْرِمْ، فَإِنْ خَشِيَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْوَقْتِ فَإِنَّهُ يُحْرِمُ، وَأَهْرَقَ لِذَلِكَ دَمًا»","vol":"7","page":100},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-596>بَابُ الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي تَأْخِيرِ الْإِحْرَامِ إِلَى الْمِيقَاتِ، وَمَنِ اخْتَارَ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ قَبْلَهُ</span>","vol":"7","page":102},{"text":"٩٤٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ لَا يَتَجَرَّدَ الرَّجُلُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ مِيقَاتَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا وَقَّتَ الْمَوَاقِيتَ قَالَ:  «يَسْتَمْتِعُ الرَّجُلُ بِأَهْلِهِ وَثِيَابِهِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الْمِيقَاتَ». مَعَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى الثِّيَابِ، كَرِهْتُ لَهُ إِذَا كَانَ وَاجِدًا لَهَا أَنْ يَدَعَ لُبْسَهَا لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَلْبَثُ فِي التَّجَرُّدِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ إِلَى الْإِحْرَامِ \"","vol":"7","page":102},{"text":"٩٤٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ⦗١٠٣⦘، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا وَقَّتَ الْمَوَاقِيتَ قَالَ:  «يَسْتَمْتِعُ الْمَرْءُ بِأَهْلِهِ وَثِيَابِهِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ كَذَا وَكَذَا الْمَوَاقِيتَ»\n\n٩٤٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُهِلَّ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ الْمِيقَاتَ»","vol":"7","page":102},{"text":"٩٤٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ  «أَهَلَّ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ»\n\n٩٤٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: اجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ عَلَى أَنَّ أَتَمَّ الْعُمْرَةِ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ دُوَيْرَةِ أَهْلِهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى هَذَا، وَقَطَعَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: بِأَنَّ الْأَفْضَلَ أَنْ يُنْشِئَ بِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ أَزْيَدُ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ","vol":"7","page":103},{"text":"٩٤٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ \" اخْتِلَافِ مَالِكٍ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، عَنِ الْإِهْلَالِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْمِيقَاتِ، فَقَالَ: «حَسَنٌ»، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: وَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ؟ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ «أَهَلَّ مِنْ إِيلِيَاءَ»\n\n٩٤٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ وَقَّتَ الْمَوَاقِيتَ وَأَهَلَّ مِنْ إِيلِيَاءَ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَى عَطَاءٌ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا وَقَّتَ الْمَوَاقِيتَ ⦗١٠٤⦘ قَالَ: «يَسْتَمْتِعُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَثِيَابِهِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ مِيقَاتَهُ». أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَدُلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْظُرْ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَمَرَ أَنْ لَا يُجَاوِزَهُ حَاجٌّ، وَلَا مُعْتَمِرٌ، إِلَّا بِإِحْرَامٍ\n\n٩٤٤٦ - قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُهِلَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْمِيقَاتِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَيْفَ كَرِهْتُمْ مَا اخْتَارَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لِنَفْسِهِ؟ وَقَالَهُ مَعَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ: إِتْمَامُ الْعُمْرَةِ أَنْ تُحْرِمَ مِنْ دُوَيْرَةِ أَهْلِكَ","vol":"7","page":103},{"text":"٩٤٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: \" ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. قَالَ: أَنْ يُحْرِمَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ دُوَيْرَةِ أَهْلِهِ \"\n\n٩٤٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا أَنْ يُحْرِمَ مِنَ الْمِيقَاتِ","vol":"7","page":104},{"text":"٩٤٤٩ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ: «مَنْ شَاءَ أَهَلَّ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ اسْتَمْتَعَ بِثِيَابِهِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ مِيقَاتَهُ، وَلَكِنْ لَا يُجَاوِزُ إِلَّا مُحْرِمًا، يَعْنِي مِيقَاتَهُ»\n\n٩٤٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ إِحْرَامَهُ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ «،\n\n٩٤٥١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ إِحْرَامَهُ مِنْ نَيْسَابُورَ»،\n\n٩٤٥٢ - وَإِسْنَادُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"7","page":104},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-597>مَنْ أَنَاخَ بِالْبَطْحَاءِ مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ وَصَلَّى بِهَا</span>","vol":"7","page":105},{"text":"٩٤٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أَنَاخَ بِالْبَطْحَاءِ الَّتِي بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، فَصَلَّى بِهَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ \". أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":105},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-598>جُمَّاعُ أَبْوَابِ الْإِحْرَامِ، وَالتَّلْبِيَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":106},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-599>بَابُ الْغُسْلِ لِلْإِهْلَالِ</span>","vol":"7","page":106},{"text":"٩٤٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، وحَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ حَجَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كُنَّا بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ وَلَدَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ،  «فَأَمَرَهَا بِالْغُسْلِ وَالْإِحْرَامِ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَاتِمٍ","vol":"7","page":106},{"text":"٩٤٥٥ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا كُنَّا بِالْبَيْدَاءِ وَلَدَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَذُكِرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ:  «مُرْهَا أَوْ مُرُوهَا فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ ثُمَّ لِتُهِلَّ»","vol":"7","page":106},{"text":"٩٤٥٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ عُمَيْسٍ، وَلَدَتْ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِالْبَيْدَاءِ، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «مُرْهَا فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ ثُمَّ لِتُهِلَّ»\n\n٩٤٥٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَوْصُولًا، وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ","vol":"7","page":107},{"text":"٩٤٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ «إِذَا أَفْطَرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ الْحَجَّ، لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ، وَلَا مِنْ لِحْيَتِهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى يَحُجَّ»\n\n٩٤٥٩ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: لَيْسَ بِضَيِّقٍ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ\n\n٩٤٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَهَا أَنْتُمْ تُنْكِرُونَ عَلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَا تَرْوُونَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ حِلَاقَةً، ذَكَرَهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْإِلْزَامِ\n\n٩٤٦١ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: أُحِبُّ لِلْمُحْرِمِ «إِذَا أَرَادَ الْإِحْرَامَ، قَبْلَ أَيَّامِ الْعَشْرِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ شَعْرِ جَسَدِهِ وَشَارِبِهِ، وَأَظْفَارِهِ، وَمَا سَقَطَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ، وَأَنْ يُوَفِّرَ شَعْرَ رَأْسِهِ لِلْحِلَاقِ»","vol":"7","page":107},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-600>بَابُ الثَّوْبِ الَّذِي يُحْرِمُ فِيهِ</span>","vol":"7","page":108},{"text":"٩٤٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مِنْ خَيْرِ ثِيَابِكُمُ الْبَيَاضُ، فَلْيَلْبَسْهَا أَحْيَاؤُكُمْ، وَكَفِّنُوا فِيهَا مَوْتَاكُمْ»\n\n٩٤٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ «يَلْبَسَ ثَوْبَيْنِ أَبْيَضَيْنِ جَدِيدَيْنِ أَوْ غَسِيلَيْنِ»،\n\n٩٤٦٤ - وَفَسَّرَهُمَا فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، فَقَالَ: وَيَلْبَسُ الرَّجُلُ الْإِزَارَ وَالرِّدَاءَ، أَوْ ثَوْبًا يُطْرَحُ كَمَا يُطْرَحُ الرِّدَاءُ\n\n٩٤٦٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: انْطَلَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنِ الْمَدِينَةِ بَعْدَمَا «تَرَجَّلَ وَادَّهَنَ، وَلَبِسَ إِزَارَهُ وَرِدَاءَهُ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ»","vol":"7","page":108},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-601>بَابُ الطِّيبِ لِلْإِحْرَامِ</span>","vol":"7","page":109},{"text":"٩٤٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «كُنْتُ أُطَيِّبُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِإِحْرَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ وَلِحِلِّهِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":109},{"text":"٩٤٦٧ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ ⦗١١٠⦘: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ، وَبَسَطَتْ يَدَيْهَا تَقُولُ: أَنَا  «طَيَّبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ لِحُرْمِهِ حِينَ أَحْرَمَ، وَلِحِلِّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":109},{"text":"٩٤٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «طَيَّبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ لِحُرْمِهِ حِينَ أَحْرَمَ، وَلِحِلِّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":110},{"text":"٩٤٦٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ، تَقُولُ: \" طَيَّبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِحُرْمِهِ وَلِحِلِّهِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: بِأَيِّ الطِّيبِ؟ فَقَالَتْ: بِأَطْيَبِ الطِّيبِ \". قَالَ عُثْمَانُ: مَا رَوَى هِشَامٌ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ إِلَّا عَنِّي ⦗١١١⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ وُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ","vol":"7","page":110},{"text":"٩٤٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «رَأَيْتُ وَبِيصَ الطِّيبِ فِي مَفَارِقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ»","vol":"7","page":111},{"text":"٩٤٧١ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وعُرْوَةَ، يُخْبِرَانِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «طَيَّبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدَيَّ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ لِلْحِلِّ وَالْإِحْرَامِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"7","page":111},{"text":"٩٤٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتَ سَعْدٍ، تَقُولُ: «طَيَّبْتُ أَبِي عِنْدَ إِحْرَامِهِ بِالسُّكِّ وَالذَّرِيرَةِ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَنَّهَا طَيَّبَتْ أَبَاهَا لِلْإِحْرَامِ بِالسُّكِّ وَالذَّرِيرَةِ»","vol":"7","page":112},{"text":"٩٤٧٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنْ حَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنَ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ «مُحْرِمًا، وَإِنَّ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ لَمِثْلَ الرُّبِّ مِنَ الْغَالِيَةِ»\n\n٩٤٧٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ «مُحْرِمًا وَفِي رَأْسِهِ، وَلِحْيَتِهِ مِثْلُ الرُّبِّ مِنَ الْغَالِيَةِ»\n\n٩٤٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الطِّيبِ عِنْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ قَالَ: أَمَّا أَنَا \" فَأُسَغْسِغُهُ فِي رَأْسِي، ثُمَّ أُحِبُّ بَقَاءَهُ، وَالسَّغْسَغَةُ: هِيَ التَّرْوِيَةُ \"","vol":"7","page":112},{"text":"٩٤٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ أَهْلِ نَاحِيَتِنَا فِي التَّطَيُّبِ قَبْلَ الْإِحْرَامِ وَبَعْدَ الرَّمْيِ وَالْحِلَاقِ، وَقَبْلَ طَوَافِ الزِّيَارَةِ، فَقَالَ: لَا يَتَطَيَّبُ بِمَا يَبْقَى رِيحُهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ احْتَجَّ بِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَمَرَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَحْرَمَ مَعَهُ ⦗١١٣⦘، فَوَجَدَ مِنْهُ طِيبًا، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ الطِّيبَ، وَأَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ، وَحَلَقَ فَقَدْ حَلَّ لَهُ مَا حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا النِّسَاءَ وَالطِّيبَ»\n\n٩٤٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَفْقَهُ، وَأَحْمَدُ مَذْهَبًا مِنْ قَائِلِ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ\n\n٩٤٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَقُلْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ: «إِذَا رَمَيْتُمُ الْجَمْرَةَ وَذَبَحْتُمْ وَحَلَقْتُمْ، فَقَدْ حَلَّ لَكُمْ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ حُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ، إِلَّا النِّسَاءَ وَالطِّيبَ» قَالَ سَالِمٌ: وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: أَنَا طَيَّبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِإِحْرَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ وَلِحِلِّهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ وَقَبْلَ أَنْ يَزُورَ. وَقَالَ سَالِمٌ: وَسُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تُتَّبَعَ \"\n\n٩٤٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ لَهُ مَذْهَبًا يَعْنِي لِمَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِي جَوَازِ التَّطَيُّبِ قَبْلَ الْإِحْرَامِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ شُبِّهِ عَلَيْهِ لِحَدِيثِ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ فِي أَنْ يَغْسِلَ الْمُحْرِمُ الصُّفْرَةَ عَنْهُ","vol":"7","page":112},{"text":"٩٤٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْجِعْرَانَةِ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ وَعَلَيْهِ مُقَطَّعَةٌ يَعْنِي جُبَّةً وَهُوَ مُضَمَّخٌ بِالْخَلُوقِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَحْرَمْتُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ، وَهَذِهِ عَلَيَّ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَا كُنْتَ صَانِعًا فِي حَجِّكَ فَاصْنَعْهُ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ». هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ⦗١١٤⦘،\n\n٩٤٨١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّا، فَقَالَ: «مَا كُنْتُ تَصْنَعُ فِي حَجِّكَ؟» فَقَالَ: كُنْتُ أَنْزِعُ هَذِهِ الْمُقَطَّعَةَ، وَأَغْسِلُ هَذِهِ الْخَلُوقَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَمَا كُنْتَ صَانِعًا فِي حَجِّكَ فَاصْنَعْهُ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٩٤٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا لَا يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ: إِنَّمَا أَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْغُسْلِ فِيمَا نَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ لِلصُّفْرَةِ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ نَهَى أَنْ يَتَزَعْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ","vol":"7","page":113},{"text":"٩٤٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي يُعْرَفُ بِابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ صُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «نَهَى عَنْ أَنْ يَتَزَعْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ⦗١١٥⦘\n\n٩٤٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَمَرَ غَيْرَ مُحْرِمٍ بِغَسْلِ الصُّفْرَةِ عَنْهُ»\n\n٩٤٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِهِ\n\n٩٤٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمَرَ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ الصُّفْرَةَ، إِلَّا لِمَا وَصَفْتُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَنْهَى عَنِ الطِّيبِ فِي حَالِ تَطَيُّبِهِ لَهَا ﷺ، وَلَوْ كَانَ نَهْيُهُ إِيَّاهُ لِأَنَّهَا طِيبٌ كَانَ أَمْرُهُ إِيَّاهُ حِينَ أَمَرَهُ بِغَسْلِ الصُّفْرَةِ عَامَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ وَهِيَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ، وَكَانَ حَجُّهُ حَجَّةَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَهِيَ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، فَكَانَ تَطَيُّبُهُ لِإِحْرَامِهِ وَلِحِلِّهِ نَاسِخًا لِأَمْرِهِ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ الصُّفْرَةَ\n\n٩٤٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي خَالَفَنَا يَرْوِي أَنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ طَيَّبَتْ مُعَاوِيَةَ","vol":"7","page":114},{"text":"٩٤٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَجَدَ رِيحًا طَيِّبًا وَهُوَ بِالشَّجَرَةِ، فَقَالَ: مِمَّنْ رِيحُ هَذَا الطِّيبِ؟ فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ: مِنِّي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: مِنْكَ لَعَمْرِي، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ طَيَّبَتْنِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ لَتَرْجِعَنَّ فَلْتَغْسِلَنَّهُ»\n\n٩٤٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَوْ بَلَغَ عُمَرُ ﵁ مَا رَوَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ لَرَجَعَ إِلَى خَبَرِهَا، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ فَسُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تُتَّبَعَ، كَمَا قَالَ سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗١١٦⦘\n\n٩٤٩٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ الطَّحَاويُّ فِي وُجُوبِ غَسْلِهِ قَبْلَ الْإِحْرَامِ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ أَثَرُهُ بِحَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْتَشِرِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَطَيَّبُ، ثُمَّ يُصْبِحُ مُحْرِمًا؟ قَالَ: مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أُصْبَحَ مُحْرِمًا أَنْفُخُ طِيبًا، لَأَنْ أُطْلَى بِقَطْرَانٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: أَنَا «طَيَّبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ إِحْرَامِهِ، ثُمَّ طَافَ فِي نِسَائِهِ، ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ مُحْرِمًا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الْحَجَبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْتَشِرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٤٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي كَامِلٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، وَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ أَصَابَهُنَّ حَتَّى وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْغُسْلُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ يَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُنَّ\n\n٩٤٩٢ - قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: قَلَّ يَوْمٌ، أَوْ «مَا كَانَ يَوْمٌ إِلَّا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَطُوفُ عَلَيْنَا جَمِيعًا، فَيُقَبِّلُ وَيَلْمِسُ مَا دُونَ الْوِقَاعِ، فَإِذَا جَاءَ الَّذِي هُوَ يَوْمُهَا ثَبَتَ عِنْدَهَا»،\n\n٩٤٩٣ - ثُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ اغْتَسَلَ بَعْدَمَا تَطَيَّبَ أَوِ اغْتَسَلَ لِلْإِحْرَامِ كَمَا رُوِيَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَخْبَارِ: فَفِي","vol":"7","page":115},{"text":"٩٤٩٤ - حَدِيثُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى  «وَبِيصِ الْمِسْكِ فِي مَفَارِقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُبَيِدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ،\n\n٩٤٩٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ،\n\n٩٤٩٦ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى بَقَاءِ عَيْنِهِ وَأَثَرهِ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ؛ لِأَنَّ وَبِيصَ الْمِسْكِ، بَرِيقُهُ، وَلَمَعَانُهُ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لِرَائِحَةِ الطِّيبِ بَرِيقٌ، إِنَّمَا الْبَرِيقُ لِعَيْنِهِ الْبَاقِيَةِ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ طَيَّبَتْهُ ثَانِيًا بِالْمِسْكِ بَعْدَ الْغُسْلِ حَتَّى كَانَتْ تَرَى بَرِيقَهُ وَلَمَعَانَهُ فِي مَفَارِقِهِ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ، أَوْ طَيَّبَتْهُ بِذَلِكَ قَبْلَ الْغُسْلِ وَبَقِيَ أَثَرُهُ فِي مَفَارِقِهِ بَعْدَ الْغُسْلِ حَتَّى كَانَتْ تَرَاهُ؛ لِأَنَّ الرَّائِحَةَ لَا تُوصَفُ بِالرُّؤْيَةِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":117},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-602>الصَّلَاةُ عِنْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ</span>","vol":"7","page":118},{"text":"٩٤٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَإِذَا أَرَادَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْ يَبْتَدِئَ الْإِحْرَامَ أَحْبَبْتُ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ نَافِلَةً، ثُمَّ يَرْكَبُ رَاحِلَتَهُ، فَإِذَا اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ قَائِمَةً وَتَوَجَّهَتْ لِلْقِبْلَةِ سَائِرَةً أَحْرَمَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مَاشِيًا أَحْرَمَ إِذَا تَوَجَّهَ مَاشِيًا»\n\n٩٤٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُمْ: «فَإِذَا رُحْتُمْ إِلَى مِنًى مُتَوَجِّهِينَ فَأَهِلُّوا»\n\n٩٤٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى ابْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ «لَمْ يَرَهُ يُهِلُّ حَتَّى تَنْبَعِثَ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ»","vol":"7","page":118},{"text":"٩٥٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، كَذَا قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ عُبَيْدُ بْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: وَأَمَّا الْإِهْلَالُ فَإِنِّي  «لَمْ أَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُهِلُّ حَتَّى تَنْبَعِثَ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ» ⦗١١٩⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":118},{"text":"٩٥٠١ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ النَّبِيلُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَالِحٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «أَهَلَّ حِينَ اسْتَوَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ قَائِمَةً»","vol":"7","page":119},{"text":"٩٥٠٢ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُخْبِرُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «أَهَلَّ حِينَ اسْتَوَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ قَائِمَةً». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ \"، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،\n\n٩٥٠٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ عَطَاءٌ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ،\n\n٩٥٠٤ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ،\n\n٩٥٠٥ - وَأَبُو حَسَّانَ الْأَعْرَجُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي إِهْلَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ اسْتَوَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ ⦗١٢٠⦘\n\n٩٥٠٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِذَا أَخَذَ طَرِيقَ الْفُرْعِ أَهَلَّ إِذَا اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ، وَإِذَا أَخَذَ طَرِيقَ أُحُدٍ أَهَلَّ إِذَا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى جَبَلِ الْبَيْدَاءِ»\n\n٩٥٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي «مُخْتَصَرِ الْحَجِّ الصَّغِيرِ» وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُهِلَّ خَلْفَ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ أَوْ نَافِلَةٍ \"\n\n٩٥٠٨ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَجْهُ الْإِهْلَالِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ مَكْتُوبَةً أَوْ نَافِلَةً، ثُمَّ يُهِلَّ خَلْفَهَا أَوْ عِنْدَ انْحِرَافِهِ مِنْهَا أَوْ تَوَجُّهِهِ، وَإِنْ رَكِبَ فَأَهَلَّ بَعْدَ انْبِعَاثِ رَاحِلَتِهِ أَوْ بَعْدَ تَوَجُّهِهَا فَحَسَنٌ","vol":"7","page":119},{"text":"٩٥٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَصِيفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْجَزَرِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: يَا أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ عَجِبْتُ لِاخْتِلَافِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي إِهْلَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ أَوْجَبَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِذَلِكَ، إِنَّهَا إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَجَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَمِنْ هُنَاكَ اخْتَلَفُوا، خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَاجًّا، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى بِمَسْجِدِهِ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْهِ أَوْجَبَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، فَأَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ حِينَ فَرَغَ مِنْ رَكْعَتَيْهِ، فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ أَقْوَامٌ، فَحَفِظَتْهُ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَلَّتْ نَاقَتُهُ، أَهَلَّ وَأَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ أَقْوَامٌ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ، إِنَّمَا كَانُوا يَأْتُونَ أَرْسَالًا، فَسَمِعُوهُ حِينَ اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ نَاقَتُهُ يُهِلُّ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّمَا \" أَهَلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ نَاقَتُهُ، ثُمَّ مَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا عَلَا عَلَى شَرَفِ الْبَيْدَاءِ أَهَلَّ، وَأَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ أَقْوَامٌ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّمَا أَهَلَّ حِينَ عَلَا شَرَفَ الْبَيْدَاءِ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَوْجَبَ فِي مُصَلَّاهُ، وَأَهَلَّ حِينَ اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ نَاقَتُهُ، وَأَهَلَّ حِينَ عَلَا عَلَى شَرَفِ الْبَيْدَاءِ \" ⦗١٢١⦘. قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: فَمَنْ أَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَهَلَّ فِي مُصَلَّاهُ إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْ رَكْعَتَيْهِ\n\n٩٥١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا جَمْعٌ حَسَنٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ خَصِيفًا الْجَزَرِيَّ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ\n\n٩٥١١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الْوَاقِدِيَّ ضَعِيفٌ، فَإِنْ صَحَّ ذَلِكَ اسْتَحْبَبْنَا أَنْ يَكُونَ إِهْلَالُهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ بَعْدَ الْفَرَاغِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٩٥١٢ - وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ يَدَّعِي الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ وَيُصَحِّحُهَا عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ جَعَلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ أَصْلًا لِإِحْرَامِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دُبُرَ صَلَاتِهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا: قَرَنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَا خَارِجًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّهُ قَرَنَ، وَسُمِعَ تَلْبِيَتُهُ، يَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّهُمْ سَمِعُوا تَلْبِيَتَهُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، ثُمَّ سَمِعُوا تَلْبِيَتَهُ بِالْحَجِّ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّهُ قَرَنَ، وَسَمِعَ تَلْبِيَتَهُ بِالْحَجِّ دُونَ الْعُمْرَةِ قَوْمٌ، فَقَالُوا: أَفْرَدَ، وَسَمِعَ تَلْبِيَتَهُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ دُونَ الْحَجِّ قَوْمٌ، ثُمَّ رَأَوْهُ يَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ الْحَاجِّ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُمْ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِهِ مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ، فَقَالُوا: تَمَتَّعَ ⦗١٢٢⦘،\n\n٩٥١٣ - ثُمَّ نَسِيَ مَا قَالَ هَاهُنَا، فَقَالَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِوَرَقَتَيْنِ: يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِحْرَامُهُ أَوَّلًا كَانَ بِحَجَّهِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ، فَفَسَخَ ذَلِكَ بِعُمْرَةٍ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى أَنَّهَا عُمْرَةٌ، وَقَدْ خَرَجَ عَلَى أَنْ يُحْرِمَ بَعْدَهَا بِحَجَّةٍ فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ مُتَمَتِّعًا، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَطُفْ لِلْعُمْرَةِ حَتَّى أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجَّةِ، فَصَارَ بِذَلِكَ قَارِنًا،\n\n٩٥١٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ هَذَا أَنَّهُ أَوْجَبَهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، فَأَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ،\n\n٩٥١٥ - وَصَاحِبُ هَذَا الْكَلَامِ غَفَلَ عَنِ الرِّوَايَةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ\n\n٩٥١٦ - وَغَفَلَ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ الْبَرَاءِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: «أَهَلَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْحَجِّ»\n\n٩٥١٧ - وَاعْتَمَدَ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ مُسْلِمٍ الْقُرِّيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: «أَهَلَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَأَهَلَّ أَصْحَابُهُ بِحَجٍّ»،\n\n٩٥١٨ - وَرِوَايَةُ مُسْلِمٍ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهَا عَلَى شُعْبَةَ ⦗١٢٣⦘\n\n٩٥١٩ - ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: فَقَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ صَبِيحَةَ رَابِعَةٍ وَهُمْ يُلَبُّونَ بِالْحَجِّ «فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَجْعَلُوهَا عُمْرَةً»، فَتَرَكَ قَوْلَهُمُ الْأَوَّلَ وَصَارَ إِلَى مَا قَالَ ثَانِيًا، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا فَاسِدٌ،\n\n٩٥٢٠ - فَمَعْلُومٌ بِالْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، إِنَّمَا فَسَخَ الْحَجَّ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَلَمْ يَفْسَخْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ حَجَّهُ\n\n٩٥٢١ - وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، بَعْدَ طَوَافِهِ وَسَعْيِهِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ: إِنِّي لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ لَمْ أَسُقِ الْهَدْيَ، وَلَجَعَلْتُهَا عُمْرَةً، فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَلْيُحِلَّ وَلْيَجْعَلْهَا عُمْرَةً \"،\n\n٩٥٢٢ - فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ، لَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا عُمْرَةً، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: فَسَخَ حَجَّهُ بِعُمْرَةٍ،\n\n٩٥٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَنَّهُ، لَمْ يُحِلَّ، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: كَانَ مُتَمَتِّعًا؟.\n\n٩٥٢٤ - وَإِنَّمَا الْمُتَمَتِّعُ مَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْإِحْلَالِ مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ حَتَّى يَحُجَّ بَعْدَهَا، وَالْمُتَمَتِّعُ غَيْرُ الْقَارِنِ، وَالْقَارِنُ غَيْرُ الْمُتَمَتِّعِ، وَإِنَّمَا سَاقَ هَدَايَاهُ عِنْدَنَا تَطَوُّعًا،\n\n٩٥٢٥ - وَالْجَمْعُ الصَّحِيحُ بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي إِهْلَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ أَقَامَ عَلَى النُّسُكِ الَّذِي أُمِرَ بِهِ حِينَ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ،\n\n٩٥٢٦ - وَمَا رُوِيَ مِنْ إِهْلَالِهِ بِالْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ أَوْ بِهِمَا إِنَّمَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَى إِذْنِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ، أَوْ تَعْلِيمِهِ،\n\n٩٥٢٧ - رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ \" رَجَمَ مَاعِزًا، وَإِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِرَجْمِهِ. وَقَطَعَ سَارِقًا: وَإِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِقَطْعِهِ،\n\n٩٥٢٨ - فَإِضَافَةُ الْفِعْلِ إِلَى الْآمِرِ بِهِ فِي اللُّغَةِ جَائِزَةٌ جَوَازُهَا إِلَى الْفَاعِلِ لَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":120},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-603>هَلْ يُسَمِّي الْحَجَّ أَوِ الْعُمْرَةَ عِنْدَ الْإِهْلَالِ، أَوْ تَكْفِي النِّيَّةُ فِيهِمَا</span>","vol":"7","page":124},{"text":"٩٥٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَيُلَبِّي الْمَرْءُ وَيَنْوِي حَجًّا إِنْ أَرَادَ، أَوْ عُمْرَةً، أَوْ هُمَا، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُسَمِّيَ»","vol":"7","page":124},{"text":"٩٥٣٠ - لِأَنَّهُ يُرْوَى عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «مَا سَمَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي تَلْبِيَتِهِ قَطُّ، حَجًّا وَلَا عُمْرَةً»، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رُقَيْشٍ، أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٩٥٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نُلَبِّي «لَا نَذْكُرُ حَجًّا وَلَا عُمْرَةً» ⦗١٢٥⦘\n\n٩٥٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ \" سَمِعَ بَعْضَ أَهْلِهِ يُسَمِّي حَجًّا أَوْ عُمْرَةً، فَضَرَبَ فِي صَدْرِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَتُعْلِمُ اللَّهَ بِمَا فِي نَفْسِكَ؟ \"\n\n٩٥٣٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ\n\n٩٥٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ سَمَّى الْمُحْرِمُ ذَلِكَ لَمْ أَكْرَهْهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ سُنَّةً سَمَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ.\n\n٩٥٣٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: قَدِمْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ نَصْرُخُ بِالْحَجِّ صُرَاخًا \"،\n\n٩٥٣٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَنَحْنُ، نَقُولُ: «لَبَّيْكَ بِالْحَجِّ، فَأَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَعَلْنَاهَا عُمْرَةً»،\n\n٩٥٣٧ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَصْرُخُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ هُوَ ذَا يَحُجُّونَ لَا عِنْدَ التَّلْبِيَةِ، وَيَقُولُونَ: لَبَّيْكَ وَيَنْوُونَ الْحَجَّ، فَكَانَتْ تَلْبِيَتُهُمْ بِالْحَجِّ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى،\n\n٩٥٣٨ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَعْضُهُمْ يُسَمِّيهِ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ لَا يُسَمِّيهِ، وَالْكُلُّ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهَ وَاسِعٌ،\n\n٩٥٣٩ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ أَصَحُّ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَفِيهَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ أَحْرَمُوا بِالْحَجِّ، ثُمَّ فَسَخَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْعُمْرَةِ،\n\n٩٥٤٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ","vol":"7","page":124},{"text":"٩٥٤١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ بِلَالِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَسْخُ الْحَجِّ لَنَا خَاصَّةً، أَوْ لِمَنْ بَعْدَنَا؟ قَالَ: بَلْ «لَكُمْ خَاصَّةً». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ بِلَالِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٥٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَتْ رُخْصَةً لَنَا، لَيْسَتْ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَنَا يَعْنِي فَسْخَ الْحَجِّ بِالْعُمْرَةِ،\n\n٩٥٤٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِلرَّكْبِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n٩٥٤٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ طَاوُسٍ: «خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ لَا يُسَمِّي حَجًّا، وَلَا عُمْرَةً يَنْتَظِرُ الْقَضَاءَ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَهُوَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ» مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا عُمْرَةً \"،\n\n٩٥٤٥ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَبَعْضُ الصَّحَابَةِ أَحْرَمُوا إِحْرَامًا مُطْلَقًا ⦗١٢٧⦘ حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْقَضَاءُ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ، فَفَسَخَ الْحَجَّ بِالْعُمْرَةِ عَلَى مَنْ أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ جَمْعٌ بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-604>مَنْ لَبَّى وَلَمْ يَنْوِ حَجًّا، وَلَا عُمْرَةً، وَلَا إِحْرَامًا</span>","vol":"7","page":128},{"text":"٩٥٤٦ - فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: رُوِيَ أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ لَقِيَ رُكْبَانًا بِالسَّاحِلِ مُحْرِمِينَ فَلَبَّوْا، «فَلَبَّى ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَهُوَ دَاخِلُ الْكُوفَةِ»\n\n٩٥٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ لَمَّا دَخَلَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ قَالَ: «لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ»","vol":"7","page":128},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-605>رَفْعُ الصَّوْتِ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":129},{"text":"٩٥٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ خَلَّادِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَتَانِي جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنَّ آمُرَ أَصْحَابِي، أَوْ مَنْ مَعِيَ أَنْ يَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَهُمْ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ أَوْ بِالْإِهْلَالِ يُرِيدُ أَحَدَهُمَا»","vol":"7","page":129},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-606>التَّلْبِيَةُ فِي كُلِّ حَالٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":130},{"text":"٩٥٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ  «يُكْثِرُ مِنَ التَّلْبِيَةِ»","vol":"7","page":130},{"text":"٩٥٥٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ «يُلَبِّي رَاكِبًا، وَنَازِلًا، وَمُضْطَجِعًا»\n\n٩٥٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ: \" أَيُلَبِّي الْمُحْرِمُ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ \"\n\n٩٥٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَائِشَةَ وَعَرَكَتْ: «افْعَلِي مَا يَفْعَلُ الْحَاجُّ غَيْرَ أَنْ لَا تَطُوفِي بِالْبَيْتِ»\n\n٩٥٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالتَّلْبِيَةُ مِمَّا يَفْعَلُ الْحَاجُّ","vol":"7","page":130},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-607>اسْتِحْبَابُ لُزُومِ التَّلْبِيَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":131},{"text":"٩٥٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَيَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ فِي جَمِيعِ الْمَسَاجِدِ، مَسَاجِدِ الْجَمَاعَاتِ وَغَيْرِهَا، وَفِي كُلِّ مَوْضِعٍ مِنَ الْمَوَاضِعِ، وَكَانَ السَّلَفُ «يَسْتَحِبُّونَ التَّلْبِيَةَ عِنْدَ اضْطِمَامِ الرِّفَاقِ، وَعِنْدَ الْإِشْرَافِ وَالْهُبُوطِ، وَخَلْفَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَفِي الْأَسْحَارِ، وَفِي اسْتِقْبَالِ اللَّيْلِ، وَنَحْنُ نُحِبُّ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ»","vol":"7","page":131},{"text":"٩٥٥٥ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَابِطٍ قَالَ: كَانَ سَلَفُنَا لَا «يَدَعُونَ التَّلْبِيَةَ عِنْدَ أَرْبَعٍ، عِنْدَ اضْطِمَامِ الرِّفَاقِ، حَتَّى تَنْضَمَّ، وَعِنْدَ إِشْرَافِهِمْ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ، وَهُبُوطِهِمُ مِنْ بُطُونِ الْأَوْدِيَةِ، أَوْ عِنْدَ هُبُوطِهِمْ مِنَ الشَّيْءِ الَّذِي يُشْرِفُونَ مِنْهُ، وَعِنْدَ الصَّلَاةِ إِذَا فَرَغُوا مِنْهَا»\n\n٩٥٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا رَوَى ابْنُ سَابِطٍ، عَنِ السَّلَفِ، مُوَافِقٌ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُمُ «بِرَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ»\n\n٩٥٥٧ - قَالَ: وَمَنْ قَالَ: لَا يَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ بِهَا فِي مَسَاجِدِ الْجَمَاعَاتِ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِ مَكَّةَ وَمِنًى، فَقَوْلُهُ يُخَالِفُ الْحَدِيثَ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ،\n\n٩٥٥٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِحَدِيثِ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ ⦗١٣٢⦘،\n\n٩٥٥٩ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَخُصَّ مَوْضِعًا دُونَ مَوْضِعٍ\n\n٩٥٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مُهِلِّينَ، فَمَا بَلَغْنَا الرَّوْحَاءَ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «الْعَرْجَ حَتَّى انْقَطَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُنَا»","vol":"7","page":131},{"text":"٩٥٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا بَلَغَنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي حَرِيزِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَا بَلَغْنَا الرَّوْحَاءَ حَتَّى سَمِعْتُ عَامَّةَ النَّاسِ قَدْ بُحَّتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمْ مِنَ التَّلْبِيَةِ» أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حَرِيزٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":132},{"text":"٩٥٦٢ - ورَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ صُهْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ:  «كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا نَبْلُغُ الرَّوْحَاءَ، حَتَّى تُبَحَّ الْأَصْوَاتُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ صُهْبَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٥٦٣ - وَعُمَرُ بْنُ صُهْبَانَ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗١٣٣⦘\n\n٩٥٦٤ - وَمَشْهُورٌ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَا يَبْلُغُونَ الرَّوْحَاءَ حَتَّى تُبَحَّ حُلُوقُهُمْ مِنَ التَّلْبِيَةِ»،\n\n٩٥٦٥ - وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ\n\n٩٥٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: رِوَايَةُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَأُحِبُّ لِلْمُحْرِمِ تَرْكَ التَّلْبِيَةِ فِي الطَّوَافِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُرْوَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَعْني أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتْرُكُ التَّلْبِيَةَ فِي الطَّوَافِ «وَلَوْ لَبَّى لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ»","vol":"7","page":132},{"text":"٩٥٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ  «لَا يُلَبِّي وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ»\n\n٩٥٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ \" فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «وَلَا بَأْسَ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ أَنْ يُلَبِّيَ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، وَبَيْنَهُمَا. وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ؛ لِأَنَّ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْوقُوفِ عَلَيْهِمَا دُعَاءٌ وَتَكْبِيرٌ، وَفِي السَّعْيِ بَيْنَهُمَا دُعَاءٌ، فَأَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ أَفْعَلَ مِنْ هَذَا مَا فَعَلَ»\n\n٩٥٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «تَكْبِيرَهُ وَتَهْلِيلَهُ وَدُعَاءَهُ عَلَى الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ»","vol":"7","page":133},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-608>بَابُ كَيْفَ التَّلْبِيَةُ</span>","vol":"7","page":134},{"text":"٩٥٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ تَلْبِيَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ». قَالَ نَافِعٌ: وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يَزِيدُ فِيهَا: لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ، وَسَعْدَيْكَ، وَالْخَيْرُ بِيَدَيْكَ، وَالرَّغْبَاءُ إِلَيْكَ وَالْعَمَلُ \" ⦗١٣٥⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":134},{"text":"٩٥٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهَلَّ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ، «لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ»،\n\n٩٥٧٢ - وَأَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ قَالَ: وَالنَّاسُ يَزِيدُونَ ذَا الْمَعَارِجِ، وَنَحْوَهُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَسْمَعُ، فَلَا يَقُولُ لَهُمْ شَيْئًا","vol":"7","page":135},{"text":"٩٥٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَاجِشُونُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ مِنْ تَلْبِيَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَبَّيْكَ إِلَهَ الْحَقِّ لَبَّيْكَ»\n\n٩٥٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ، كَمَا رَوَى جَابِرٌ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ: كَانَتْ أَكْثَرُ تَلْبِيَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَلْبِيَةَ الْمُحْرِمِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُدْخِلَ مَا رَوَى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مِثْلُهَا فِي الْمَعْنَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَلْبِيَةٌ، وَالتَّلْبِيَةُ إِجَابَةٌ فَأَبَانَ أَنَّهُ أَجَابَ إِلَهَ الْحَقِّ بِـ «لَبَّيْكَ» أَوَّلًا وَأَخِيرًا","vol":"7","page":135},{"text":"٩٥٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدٌ الْأَعْرَجُ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُظْهِرُ مِنَ التَّلْبِيَةِ: «لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ». قَالَ: حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَالنَّاسُ يُصْرَفُونَ عَنْهُ كَأَنَّهُ أَعْجَبَهُ مَا هُوَ فِيهِ زَادَ فِيهَا: «لَبَّيْكَ إِنَّ الْعَيْشَ عَيْشُ الْآخِرَةِ» قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَحَسِبْتُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ\n\n٩٥٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَهَذِهِ التَّلْبِيَةُ كَالتَّلْبِيَةِ الَّتِي رُوِيَتْ عَنْهُ، وَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّ الْعَيْشَ عَيْشُ الْآخِرَةِ، لَا عَيْشُ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا\n\n٩٥٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يُضَيَّقُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فِي مِثْلِ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَلَا غَيْرُهُ مِنْ تَعْظِيمِ اللَّهِ وَدُعَائِهِ مَعَ التَّلْبِيَةِ غَيْرَ أَنَّ الِاخْتِيَارَ عِنْدِي أَنْ يُفْرِدَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ التَّلْبِيَةِ","vol":"7","page":136},{"text":"٩٥٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مَعْنٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، بَعْضَ بَنِي أَخِيهِ \" وَهُوَ يُلَبِّي: يَا ذَا الْمَعَارِجِ: فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: الْمَعَارِجُ؟ إِنَّهُ لَذُو الْمَعَارِجِ، وَمَا هَكَذَا كُنَّا نُلَبِّي عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"","vol":"7","page":136},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-609>بَابُ مَا يُسْتَحَبُّ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ فِي أَثَرِ التَّلْبِيَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":137},{"text":"٩٥٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ التَّلْبِيَةِ صَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَسَأَلَ اللَّهَ رِضَاهُ وَالْجَنَّةَ، وَاسْتَعَاذَهُ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُرْوَى ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ»","vol":"7","page":137},{"text":"٩٥٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ، كَانَ «إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْ تَلْبِيَتِهِ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ رِضْوَانَهُ وَالْجَنَّةَ، وَاسْتَعْفَاهُ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ»،\n\n٩٥٨١ - تَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأُمَوِيُّ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ","vol":"7","page":137},{"text":"٩٥٨٢ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَانَ يَأْمُرُ  «إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ التَّلْبِيَةِ أَنْ يُصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ» ⦗١٣٨⦘،\n\n٩٥٨٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْأُمَوِيُّ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: كَانَ يُؤْمَرُ،\n\n٩٥٨٤ - وَزَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى هَذَا فِي الْمَنَاسِكِ، فَقَالَ: وَمَعْقُولًا أَنَّ الْمُلَبِّيَ وَافِدُ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّ مَنْطِقَهُ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ مَنْطِقُهُ بِإِجَابَةِ دَاعِي اللَّهِ، وَأَنَّ تَمَامَ الدُّعَاءِ، وَرَجَاءَ إِجَابَتِهِ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَنْ يَسْأَلَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فِي إِثْرِ كَمَالِ ذَلِكَ بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْجَنَّةَ، وَيَتَعَوَّذَ مِنَ النَّارِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَعْظَمُ مَا يُسْأَلُ، وَيَسْأَلُ بَعْدَهَا مَا أَحَبَّ","vol":"7","page":137},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-610>بَابُ تَلْبِيَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَإِحْرَامِهَا</span>\n٩٥٨٥ - رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَرْفَعُ الْمَرْأَةُ صَوْتَهَا»،\n\n٩٥٨٦ - وَعَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِحْرَامُ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي وَجْهِهَا، وَإِحْرَامُ الرَّجُلِ فِي رَأْسِهِ»،\n\n٩٥٨٧ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n٩٥٨٨ - وَرَفْعُهُ ضَعِيفٌ.\nوَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وعَائِشَةَ: كَرَاهَةَ الْبُرْقُعِ وَالنِّقَابِ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الْمُحْرِمَةِ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا حَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ","vol":"7","page":139},{"text":"٩٥٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَالْمَرْأَةُ فِي تَلْبِيَتِهَا مِثْلُ الرَّجُلِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهَا  «لَا تَرْفَعُ الصَّوْتَ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ لِذَهَابِ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ بِالْخَفْرِ، وَالتَّسَتُّرِ عَنْ كُلِّ مَا دَعَى إِلَى الشَّهْوَةِ مِنِ الرِّجَالِ»\n\n٩٥٩١ - قَالَ: وَتَلْبَسُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْخِمَارَ وَالْخُفَّيْنِ، وَلَا تَقْطَعْهُمَا، وَالسَّرَاوِيلَ مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ، وَالدِّرْعَ وَالْقَمِيصَ وَالْقَبَاءَ، وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَلْبَسَ الْقُفَّازَيْنِ،\n\n٩٥٩٢ - كَانَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ يَأْمُرُ بَنَاتَهُ أَنْ يَلْبَسْنَ الْقُفَّازَيْنِ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ\n\n٩٥٩٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرَخَّصَتْ فِيهِ عَائِشَةُ ⦗١٤٠⦘\n\n٩٥٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَرَّمَهَا مِنْ لُبْسِهَا فِي وَجْهِهَا،\n\n٩٥٩٥ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَلَا تَلْبَسِ الْمُحْرِمَةُ قُفَازَيْنِ، وَلَا بُرْقُعًا","vol":"7","page":139},{"text":"٩٥٩٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُوَلُ: «لَا تَنْتَقِبِ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمُحْرِمَةُ، وَلَا تَلْبَسِ الْقُفَّازَيْنِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ،\n\n٩٥٩٧ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، وَأَيُّوبُ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ. وَرَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُدْرَجًا فِي حَدِيثِ مَا لَا يَلْبَسُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ\n\n٩٥٩٨ - وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وجُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ،\n\n٩٥٩٩ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَأكَّدَّهُ بِمَنْ تَابَعَهُ ⦗١٤١⦘،\n\n٩٦٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَرْفُوعًا. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسْنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حِبَّانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":140},{"text":"٩٦٠١ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْهَى النِّسَاءَ فِي إِحْرَامِهِنَّ عَنْ «لُبْسِ الْقُفَّازَيْنِ، وَالنِّقَابِ، وَمَا مَسَّ الْوَرْسُ وَالزَّعْفَرَانُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ، وَلْتَلْبَسْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَا أَحَبَّتْ مِنْ أَلْوَانِ الثِّيَابِ، مُعَصْفَرًا أَوْ خَزًّا أَوْ حُلِيًّا أَوْ سَرَاوِيلَ أَوْ قَمِيصًا أَوْ خُفًّا»","vol":"7","page":141},{"text":"٩٦٠٢ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" تُدْلِي عَلَيْهَا مِنْ جَلَابِيبِهَا وَلَا تَضْرِبْ بِهِ، قُلْتُ: وَمَا تَضْرِبُ؟ فَأَشَارَ لِي كَمَا تُجَلْبَبُ الْمَرْأَةُ، ثُمَّ أَشَارَ إِلَى مَا عَلَى خَدِّهَا مِنَ الْجِلْبَابِ، فَقَالَ ⦗١٤٢⦘: لَا تُعْطِفْهُ، فَتَضْرِبَ بِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَبْقَى عَلَيْهَا، وَلَكِنْ لِتُدْلِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا كَمَا هُوَ مَسْدُولًا تَقْلِبُهُ، وَلَا تَضْرِبْ بِهِ، وَلَا تُعْطِفْهُ \"","vol":"7","page":141},{"text":"٩٦٠٣ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" لِتُدْنِي أَوْ قَالَ: لِتُدْلِي الْمَرْأَةُ الْحَرَامُ ثَوْبَهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهَا، وَلَا تَتْنَقِبْ \"","vol":"7","page":142},{"text":"٩٦٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ الرُّكْبَانُ يَمُرُّونَ بِنَا، وَنَحْنُ مُحْرِمَاتٌ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،  «فَإِذَا حَاذَوْا بِنَا سَدَلَتْ إِحْدَانَا جِلْبَابَهَا مِنْ رَأْسِهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهَا، فَإِذَا جَاوَزُونَا كَشَفْنَاهُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٦٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَا: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ «تَمَسَحَ الْمَرْأَةُ يَدَيْهَا عِنْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْحِنَّاءِ، وَلَا تُحْرِمْ وَهِيَ غَفَالٌ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «غُفْلٌ» ⦗١٤٣⦘\n\n٩٦٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَذَلِكَ أُحِبُّ لَهَا\n\n٩٦٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كُنَّا نَخْرُجُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَنُضَمِّدُ جِبَاهَنَا بِالسُّكِّ الْمُطَيِّبِ عِنْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ «فَإِذَا عَرِقَتْ إِحْدَانَا سَالَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا، فَيَرَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَا يَنْهَانَا»","vol":"7","page":142},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-611>جُمَّاعُ أَبْوَابِ مَا يَجْتَنِبُهُ الْمُحْرِمُ</span>","vol":"7","page":144},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-612>بَابُ مَا يَلْبَسَ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ</span>","vol":"7","page":144},{"text":"٩٦٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَهُ: مَا يَلْبَسُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ: «لَا يَلْبَسُ الْقَمِيصَ، وَلَا الْعِمَامَةَ، وَلَا الْبُرْنُسَ، وَلَا السَّرَاوِيلَ، وَلَا الْخُفَّيْنِ إِلَّا لِمَنْ لَا يَجِدُ نَعْلَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ نَعْلَيْنِ، فَلْيَلْبَسْ خُفَّيْنِ، وَلْيَقْطَعْهُمَا حَتَّى يَكُونَا أَسْفَلَ مِنَ الْكَعْبَيْنِ». أَخْرَجَهَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"7","page":144},{"text":"٩٦٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَا يَلْبَسُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَلْبَسُ الْقَمِيصَ، وَلَا السَّرَاوِيلَاتِ، وَلَا الْعَمَائِمَ، وَلَا الْبَرَانِسَ، وَلَا الْخِفَافَ، إِلَّا أَحَدٌ لَا يَجِدُ نَعْلَيْنِ فَلْيَلْبَسْ خُفَّيْنِ، وَلْيَقْطَعْهُمَا أَسْفَلَ مِنَ الْكَعْبَيْنِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n٩٦١٠ - وَقَدْ سَقَطَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ: «وَلَا ثَوْبًا مَسَّهُ زَعْفَرَانٌ وَلَا وَرْسٌ»","vol":"7","page":145},{"text":"٩٦١١ - وَسَقَطَ أَيْضًا مِنْ رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ:  «وَلَا تَلْبَسُوا مِنَ الثِّيَابِ شَيْئًا مَسَّهُ الزَّعْفَرَانُ وَلَا الْوَرْسُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَخْتَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا ⦗١٤٦⦘ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَهُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُمَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ،\n\n٩٦١٢ - وَلَعَلَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ أَخَّرَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةَ إِلَى مَسْأَلَةِ الطِّيبِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتَّفِقْ لَهُ إِيرَادُهَا. وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَهَا هَاهُنَا فِيمَا","vol":"7","page":145},{"text":"٩٦١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ \" يَلْبَسَ الْمُحْرِمُ ثَوْبًا مَصْبُوغًا بِزَعْفَرَانٍ أَوْ وَرْسٍ، وَقَالَ: «مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ نَعْلَيْنِ فَلْيَلْبَسْ خُفَّيْنِ، وَلْيَقْطَعْهُمَا أَسْفَلَ مِنَ الْكَعْبَيْنِ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":146},{"text":"٩٦١٤ - قَالَ: أَحْمَدُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ⦗١٤٧⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَامَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا يَلْبَسُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ؟ قَالَ: «لَا يَلْبَسُ الْقَمِيصَ، وَلَا الْعِمَامَةَ، وَلَا الْبُرْنُسَ، وَلَا السَّرَاوِيلَ، وَلَا الْقَبَاءَ»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":146},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-613>الْمُحْرِمُ لَا يَجِدُ الْإِزَارَ أَوِ النَّعْلَ</span>","vol":"7","page":148},{"text":"٩٦١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَمْرَو بْنَ دِينَارٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الشَّعْثَاءِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمُحْرِمُ نَعْلَيْنِ لَبِسَ خُفَّيْنِ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ إِزَارًا لَبِسَ سَرَاوِيلَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ وَحَدِيثِ غَيْرِهِ\n\n٩٦١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَكَمَا قُلْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنْ زَادَ فِي الْخُفَّيْنِ الْقَطْعَ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، فَكَذَلِكَ قُلْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْ سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يُرَخِّصُ لِلْمُحْرِمِ أَنْ «يَلْبَسَ سَرَاوِيلَ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ إِزَارًا»\n\n٩٦١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «وَلَا يُقْطَعُ مِنَ السَّرَاوِيلِ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِقَطْعِهِ»","vol":"7","page":148},{"text":"٩٦١٨ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ ⦗١٤٩⦘، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ: «مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ نَعْلَيْنِ، وَوَجَدَ خُفَّيْنِ فَلْيَلْبَسْهُمَا»، قُلْتُ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ كِتَابُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: مَا أَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ كِتَابُهُ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ: وَلْيَقْطَعْهُمَا\n\n٩٦١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ إِزَارٌ، وَلَهُ تُبَّانٌ أَوْ سَرَاوِيلُ، فَلْيَلْبَسْهُمَا». قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ: لَا يَقْطَعُ الْخُفَّانِ \"\n\n٩٦٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَرَى أَنْ يُقْطَعَا لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَكِلَاهُمَا صَادِقٌ وَحَافِظٌ، وَلَيْسَ زِيَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَى الْآخَرِ شَيْئًا لَمْ يُؤَدِّهِ الْآخَرُ، إِمَّا عَزَبَ عَنْهُ، وَإِمَّا شَكَّ فِيهِ فَلَمْ يُؤَدِّهِ وَإِمَّا سَكَتَ عَنْهُ، وَإِمَّا أَدَّى فَلَمْ يُؤَدَّ عَنْهُ لِبَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْمَعَانِي اخْتِلَافًا","vol":"7","page":148},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-614>مَا جَاءَ فِي عَقْدِ الْإِزَارِ وَالرِّدَاءِ</span>","vol":"7","page":150},{"text":"٩٦٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حُجَيْرٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ  «يَسْعَى بِالْبَيْتِ وَقَدْ حَزَمَ عَلَى بَطْنِهِ بِثَوْبٍ»","vol":"7","page":150},{"text":"٩٦٢٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ: أَنَّ نَافِعًا، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ «لَمْ يَكُنْ عَقَدَ الثَّوْبَ عَلَيْهِ، إِنَّمَا غَرَزَ طَرَفَهُ عَلَى إِزَارِهِ»","vol":"7","page":150},{"text":"٩٦٢٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَا مَعَهُ قَالَ: أُخَالِفُ بَيْنَ طَرَفَيْ ثَوْبِي مِنْ وَرَائِي، ثُمَّ أَعْقِدُهُ وَأَنَا مُحْرِمٌ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ:  «لَا تَعْقِدْ شَيْئًا»","vol":"7","page":150},{"text":"٩٦٢٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأَى رَجُلًا مُحْتَزِمًا بِحَبْلٍ أَبْرَقَ، فَقَالَ:  «انْزِعِ الْحَبْلَ» مَرَّتَيْنِ \"","vol":"7","page":150},{"text":"٩٦٢٥ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَحْزِمَ الْمُحْرِمُ سَاجًا مَا لَمْ يُزِرَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ زَرَّهُ عَلَيْهِ عَمْدًا افْتَدَى، كَمَا يَفْتَدِي إِذَا تَقَمَّصَ عَمْدًا» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ","vol":"7","page":151},{"text":"٩٦٢٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «وَيَلْبَسُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ مَا لَمْ يُهِلَّ فِيهِ»\n\n٩٦٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «غَيَّرَ ثَوْبَيْهِ بِالتَّنْعِيمِ، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»","vol":"7","page":151},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-615>مَا تَلْبَسُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنِ الثِّيَابِ</span>","vol":"7","page":152},{"text":"٩٦٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُفْتِي النِّسَاءَ إِذَا أَحْرَمْنَ أَنْ يَقْطَعْنَ الْخُفَّيْنِ، حَتَّى أَخْبَرَتْهُ صَفِيَّةُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا تُفْتِي النِّسَاءَ أَنْ «لَا تَقْطَعْنَ، فَانْتَهَى عَنْهُ»","vol":"7","page":152},{"text":"٩٦٢٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ إِذْ جَاءَتْهَا امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ نِسَاءِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ يُقَالُ لَهَا: تَمْلِكُ، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: إِنَّ ابْنَتِي فُلَانَةَ حَلَفَتْ أَنْ لَا تَلْبَسَ حُلِيَّهَا فِي الْمَوْسِمِ. فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: قُولِي لَهَا: إِنَّ  «أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ تُقْسِمُ عَلَيْكِ إِلَّا لَبَسْتِ حُلِيَّكِ كُلَّهُ»\n\n٩٦٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: \" وَلَا يَلْبَسُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا يَعْنِي الرَّجُلَ، وَالْمَرْأَةَ ثَوْبًا مَصْبُوغًا بِزَعْفَرَانٍ وَلَا وَرْسٍ، وَيَلْبَسَانِ الْمَصْبُوغَ بِالْمَدَرِ: لِأَنَّ الْمَدَرَ لَيْسَ بِطِيبٍ \" ⦗١٥٣⦘\n\n٩٦٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ \" لَا يَرَى بِالْمُمَشَّقِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ بَأْسًا أَنْ يَلْبَسَهُ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَدَرَةٌ \"\n\n٩٦٣٢ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «لَا يَرَى بِدَرْسِ الْمُعَصْفَرِ، وَالزَّعْفَرَانِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ بَأْسًا مَا لَمْ يَجِدْ رِيحًا»\n\n٩٦٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَمَا الْمُعَصْفَرُ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَأَمَّا الزَّعْفَرَانُ فَكَانَ إِذَا مَسَّهُ الْمَاءُ ظَهَرَتْ رَائِحَتُهُ فَلَا يَلْبَسْهُ الْمُحْرِمُ، وَإِنْ لَبِسَهُ افْتَدَى","vol":"7","page":152},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-616>الْمُحْرِمُ يُغَطِّي وَجْهَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ، وَلَا يُغَطِّي رَأْسَهُ</span>","vol":"7","page":154},{"text":"٩٦٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ: \" أَيُخَمِّرُ الْمُحْرِمُ وَجْهَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَلَا يُخَمَّرُ رَأْسَهُ \"،\n\n٩٦٣٥ - فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: إِنَّا نَكْرَهُ تَخْمِيرَ الْوَجْهِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ، وَيَكْرَهُهُ صَاحِبُنَا يَعْنِي مَالِكًا، وَيَرْوِي فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا فَوْقَ الذَّقْنِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ، فَلَا يُخَمِّرُهُ الْمُحْرِمُ\n\n٩٦٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، أَنَّهُ «رَأَى عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ يُغَطِّي وَجْهَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»","vol":"7","page":154},{"text":"٩٦٣٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، وَزَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، وَمَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ، كَانُوا «يُخَمِّرُونُ وُجُوهَهُمْ، وَهُمْ حُرُمٌ» ⦗١٥٥⦘، وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «وَهُمْ مُحْرِمُونَ»\n\n٩٦٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَيْفَ أَخَذْتَ بِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، دُونَ قَوْلِ عُثْمَانَ وَمَعَ عُثْمَانَ، زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَمَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ\n\n٩٦٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَرَخَّصَ فِيهِ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَجَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n٩٦٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَمَا هُوَ أَقْوَى مِنْ هَذَا كُلِّهِ؟ قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قُلْتُ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَيِّتٍ مَاتَ مُحْرِمًا أَنْ يُكْشَفَ عَنْ رَأْسِهِ دُونَ وَجْهِهِ، وَلَا يَقْرَبَ طِيبًا، وَيُكَفَّنَ فِي ثَوْبَيْهِ اللَّذَيْنِ مَاتَ فِيهِمَا، فَدَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْمُحْرِمِ تَخْمِيرَ وَجْهِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا. وَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي كِتَابِ الْجَنَائِزِ","vol":"7","page":154},{"text":"٩٦٤١ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، \" فِي الْمُحْرِمِ يَحْمِلُ الْمِكْتَلَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ، وَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْعِصَابَةِ: أَيَعْصِبُ بِهَا الْمُحْرِمُ رَأْسَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، الْعِصَابَةُ تَكْفِتُ شَعْرًا كَثِيرًا \"","vol":"7","page":155},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-617>الْمُحْرِمُ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى حَلْقِ رَأْسِهِ حَلَقَهُ وَافْتَدَى</span>","vol":"7","page":156},{"text":"٩٦٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، وَابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَعَلَّكَ أَذَاكَ هَوَامُّكَ؟» فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «احْلِقْ رَأْسَكَ، وَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ أَوِ انْسُكْ شَاةً». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":156},{"text":"٩٦٤٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ قَالَ: مَرَّ بِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أُوقِدُ تَحْتَ قِدْرٍ، وَالْقَمْلُ يَتَهَافَتُ مِنْ رَأْسِي، فَقَالَ: «يَا كَعْبُ أَيُؤْذِيكَ هَوَامُّكَ؟» ⦗١٥٧⦘ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَاحْلِقْ رَأْسَكَ، وَاذْبَحْ شَاةً، أَوْ صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ». قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ يَقُولُ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، يَقُولُ: هِيَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةُ بِالتَّخْفِيفِ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ","vol":"7","page":156},{"text":"٩٦٤٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ قَالَ: أَتَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَيَّ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، وَأَنَا كَثِيرُ الشَّعْرِ، فَقَالَ: «كَأَنَّ هَوَامَّ رَأْسِكَ تُؤْذِيكَ؟» فَقُلْتُ: أَجَلْ قَالَ: «فَاحْلِقْهُ وَاذْبَحْ شَاةً لِنُسُكِهِ، أَوْ صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، أَوْ تَصَدَّقْ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَصْوُعٍ بَيْنَ سِتَّةِ مَسَاكِينَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":157},{"text":"٩٦٤٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ قَالَ: أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ آذَانِي الْقَمْلُ أَنْ «أَحْلِقَ رَأْسِي، ثُمَّ أَصُومَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، أَوْ أُطْعِمَ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ، وَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي مَا أُنْسِكُ»","vol":"7","page":158},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-618>لُبْسُ الْمُحْرِمِ، وَطِيبُهُ جَاهِلًا</span>","vol":"7","page":159},{"text":"٩٦٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَعَلَيْهِ إِمَّا قَالَ: قَمِيصٌ، وَإِمَّا قَالَ: جُبَّةٌ، وَبِهِ أَثَرُ صُفْرَةٍ، فَقَالَ: \" أَحْرَمْتُ وَهَذَا عَلَيَّ، فَقَالَ: «انْزِعْ»، إِمَّا قَالَ: «قَمِيصَكَ»، وَإِمَّا قَالَ: «جُبَّتَكَ»، «وَاغْسِلْ هَذِهِ الصُّفْرَةَ عَنْكَ، وَافْعَلْ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ مَا تَفْعَلُ فِي حَجِّكَ» أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَلَمْ يَشُكُّوا فِي الْجُبَّةِ","vol":"7","page":159},{"text":"٩٦٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ⦗١٦٠⦘، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْجِعْرَانَةِ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ وَعَلَيْهِ مُقَطَّعَةٌ يَعْنِي جُبَّةً وَهُوَ مُتَضَمِّخٌ بِالْخَلُوقِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَحْرَمْتُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ وَهَذِهِ عَلَيَّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا كُنْتَ صَانِعًا فِي حَجِّكَ؟» قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَنْزِعُ هَذِهِ الْمُقَطَّعَةَ، وَأَغْسِلُ هَذَا الْخَلُوقَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَمَا كُنْتَ صَانِعًا فِي حَجِّكَ، فَاصْنَعْهُ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ\n\n٩٦٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَمْ يَأْمُرِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِكَفَّارَةٍ\n\n٩٦٤٩ - قَالَ: وَهَكَذَا كَانَ عَطَاءٌ يَقُولُ وَمُفْتُو الْمَكِّيِّينَ، فِيمَا لَمْ يُتْلِفْ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُفْتِهِ","vol":"7","page":159},{"text":"٩٦٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَجُلٌ وَبِهِ أَثَرُ صُفْرَةٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «انْزِعْ قَمِيصَكَ، وَاغْسِلْ هَذِهِ الصُّفْرَةَ عَنْكَ»،\n\n٩٦٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مُرْسَلًا، أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ،\n\n٩٦٥٢ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٩٦٥٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ يَعْلَى وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: إِنِّي أَحْرَمْتُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ، وَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَسْخَرُونَ مِنِّي،\n\n٩٦٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو بِشْرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «اخْلَعْ جُبَّتَكَ» فَخَلَعَهَا مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ ⦗١٦١⦘،\n\n٩٦٥٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، هَكَذَا،\n\n٩٦٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ يَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَنْزِعَهَا، نَزْعًا، وَيَغْتَسِلَ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا","vol":"7","page":160},{"text":"٩٦٥٧ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ أَحْرَمَ فِي قَمِيصٍ أَوْ جُبَّةٍ، فَلْيَنْزِعْهَا نَزْعًا، وَلَا يَشُقَّهَا»\n\n٩٦٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالسُّنَّةُ كَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ صَاحِبَ الْجُبَّةِ أَنْ «يَنْزِعَهَا، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِشَقِّهَا»\n\n٩٦٥٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا \" أَهَلَّ مِنْ مِيقَاتِهِ وَعَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ ثُمَّ سَارَ أَمْيَالًا، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهَا، فَنَزَعَهَا أَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَعُودَ إِلَى مِيقَاتِهِ فَيُحْدِثَ إِحْرَامًا؟ قَالَ: لَا حَسْبُهُ الْإِحْرَامُ الْأَوَّلُ \"\n\n٩٦٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا كَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"7","page":161},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-619>شَمُّ الرَّيْحَانِ</span>\n٩٦٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَاخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي الرَّيْحَانِ فَلَمْ يَرَ بِهِ بَعْضُهُمْ بَأْسًا،\n\n٩٦٦٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ حَتَّى كَانَ لَا يُعِدُّ الْأَدْهَانَ الْفَارِسِيَّةَ طِيبًا، وَكَانَ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ الطِّيبَ مَا يَبْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ","vol":"7","page":162},{"text":"٩٦٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ الضَّرِيرُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «الْمُحْرِمُ يَشُمُّ الرَّيْحَانَ، وَيَدْخُلُ الْحَمَّامَ، وَيَنْزِعُ ضِرْسَهُ، وَيَفْقَأُ الْقُرْحَةَ، وَإِذَا انْكَسَرَ ظُفْرُهُ أَمَاطَ عَنْهُ الْأَذَى»\n\n٩٦٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «يَكْرَهُ شَمَّ الرَّيْحَانِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ» ⦗١٦٣⦘\n\n٩٦٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ أَحْوَطُ، وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ\n\n٩٦٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مَنْ حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فِيمَا عِنْدَنَا مِنَ الْمُوَطَّأِ،\n\n٩٦٦٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعُمَرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، بِمِثْلِهِ\n\n٩٦٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَالرَّيْحَانُ عِنْدِي طِيبٌ","vol":"7","page":162},{"text":"٩٦٦٩ - وَذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ: \" أَيَشُمُّ الْمُحْرِمُ الرَّيْحَانَ، وَالدُّهْنَ، وَالطِّيبَ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا \"\n\n٩٦٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: «مَا أَرَى الْوَرْدَ وَالْيَاسَمِينَ إِلَّا طِيبًا»،\n\n٩٦٧١ - كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ لَمْ يُجَاوِزْ بِهِ ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"7","page":163},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-620>يَدْهِنُ الْمُحْرِمُ جَسَدَهُ دُونَ رَأْسِهِ، وَلِحْيَتِهِ بِمَا لَيْسَ بِطِيبٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":164},{"text":"٩٦٧٢ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ فَرْقَدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" ادَّهَنَ بِزَيْتٍ غَيْرِ مُقَتَّتٍ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ. يَعْنِي: غَيْرَ مُطَيَّبٍ \"\n\n٩٦٧٣ - وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، بِالْكُوفَةِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ فَرْقَدٍ السَّبَخِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ دُونَ التَّعْبِيرِ","vol":"7","page":164},{"text":"٩٦٧٤ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ:  «يَدْهِنُ الْمُحْرِمُ قَدَمَيْهِ إِذَا تَشَقَّقَتْ بِالْوَدَكِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ طِيبًا»\n\n٩٦٧٥ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يَنْشَقُّ رَأْسُهُ، \" أَيَدْهِنُ الشِّقَاقَ مِنْهُ بِسَمْنٍ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَا بِوَدَكٍ غَيْرَ السَّمْنِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَفْتَدِيَ \"\n\n٩٦٧٦ - فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِطِيبٍ قَالَ: وَلَكِنَّهُ يُرَجِّلُ رَأْسَهُ،\n\n٩٦٧٧ - فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّهُ يَدْهِنُ قَدَمَيْهِ إِذَا تَشَقَّقَتْ بِالْوَدَكِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ طِيبًا. فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْقَدَمَ لَيْسَتْ كَالشَّعْرِ، إِنَّ الشَّعْرَ يُرَجَّلُ\n\n٩٦٧٨ - قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: وَاللِّحْيَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِثْلُ الرَّأْسِ","vol":"7","page":165},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-621>لُبْسُ الْمُعَصْفَرَاتِ</span>","vol":"7","page":166},{"text":"٩٦٧٩ - قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي لُبْسِ النِّسَاءِ الْمُعَصْفَرَ،\n\n٩٦٨٠ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ  «تَلْبَسُ الْمُعَصْفَرَاتِ الْمُشَبَّعَاتِ، وَهِيَ مُحْرِمَةٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا زَعْفَرَانٌ»\n\n٩٦٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ «تَلْبَسُ الثِّيَابَ الْمُوَرَّدَةَ بِالْعُصْفُرِ، وَهِيَ مُحْرِمَةٌ»\n\n٩٦٨٢ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَبِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَجَابِرٌ\n\n٩٦٨٣ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَقِيلِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنَّهُ «أَحْرَمَ فِي مُوَرَّدَتَيْنِ»","vol":"7","page":166},{"text":"٩٦٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَبْصَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ثَوْبَيْنِ مُضَرَّجَيْنِ، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، فَقَالَ ⦗١٦٧⦘ عُمَرُ:  «مَا هَذِهِ الثِّيَابُ؟ فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ» مَا إِخَالُ أَحَدًا يُعَلِّمُنَا السُّنَّةَ، فَسَكَتَ عُمَرُ \"","vol":"7","page":166},{"text":"٩٦٨٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: «لَا تَلْبَسُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثِيَابَ الطِّيبِ، وَتَلْبَسُ الثِّيَابَ الْمُعَصْفَرَةَ، وَلَا أَرَى الْمُعَصْفَرَ طِيبًا»\n\n٩٦٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ: وَلَوْ تَرَكَا ذَلِكَ يَعْنِي الرَّجُلَ وَالْمَرْأَةَ وَلَبِسَا الْبَيَاضَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ لِلَّذِي يُقْتَدَى بِهِ، وَلَا يُقْتَدَى بِهِ، أَمَّا الَّذِي يُقْتَدَى بِهِ فَلِمَا قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، يَرَاهُ الْجَاهِلُ فَيَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ الصِّبْغَ وَاحِدٌ: فَيَلْبَسُ الْمَصْبُوغَ بِالطِّيبِ","vol":"7","page":167},{"text":"٩٦٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَسْلَمَ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، رَأَى عَلَى طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ثَوْبًا مَصْبُوغًا، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: مَا هَذَا الثَّوْبُ الْمَصْبُوغُ يَا طَلْحَةُ؟ فَقَالَ طَلْحَةُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَدَرٌ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: إِنَّكُمْ أَيُّهَا الرَّهْطُ أَئِمَّةٌ يَقْتَدِي بِكُمُ النَّاسُ، فَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاهِلًا رَأَى هَذَا الثَّوْبَ، لَقَالَ: إِنَّ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ قَدْ كَانَ يَلْبَسُ الثِّيَابَ الْمُصْبَغَةَ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ،  «فَلَا تَلْبَسُوا أَيُّهَا الرَّهْطُ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الثِّيَابِ الْمُصْبَغَةِ»\n\n٩٦٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَمَّا الَّذِي لَا يُقْتَدَى بِهِ، فَأَخَافُ أَنْ يُسَاءَ الظَّنُّ بِهِ، حَتَّى يُقَالَ: مُسْتَخِفٌّ بِإِحْرَامِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ ⦗١٦٨⦘، وَأَمَّا الْحِنَّاءُ فَقَدْ","vol":"7","page":167},{"text":"٩٦٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ بُكَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ أُمِّهَا، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَطَّيَّبِي وَأَنْتِ مُحْرِمَةٌ، وَلَا تَمَسِّي الْحِنَّاءَ، فَإِنَّهُ طِيبٌ»،\n\n٩٦٩٠ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ، ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ\n\n٩٦٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، وَأَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كُنَّ «يَخْتَضِبْنَ بِالْحِنَّاءِ، وَهُنَّ مُحْرِمَاتٌ». ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ\n\n٩٦٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا سُئِلَتْ عَنْ خِضَابِ الْحِنَّاءِ، فَقَالَتْ: كَانَ خَلِيلِي ﷺ «لَا يُحِبُّ رِيحَهُ»،\n\n٩٦٩٣ - وَمَعْلُومٌ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُحِبُّ الطِّيبَ فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحِنَّاءُ غَيْرَ دَاخِلٍ فِي جُمْلَةِ الطِّيبِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":168},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-622>مَا يَجِبُ فِي حَلْقِ الشَّعْرِ</span>","vol":"7","page":169},{"text":"٩٦٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الشَّعْرَةِ مُدٌّ، وَفِي الشَّعْرَتَيْنِ مُدَّانِ، وَفِي الثَّلَاثِ فَصَاعِدًا دَمٌ»\n\n٩٦٩٥ - وَرَوى هِشَامٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَعَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: فِي ثَلَاثِ شَعَرَاتٍ دَمٌ، النَّاسِي وَالْمُتَعَمِّدُ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ\n\n٩٦٩٦ - وَحَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الشَّعْرَةِ مُدٌّ، وَفِي الشَّعْرَتَيْنِ مُدَّانِ، وَفِي الثَّلَاثِ دَمٌ»","vol":"7","page":169},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-623>اكْتَحَالُ الْمُحْرِمِ</span>","vol":"7","page":170},{"text":"٩٦٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ \" إِذَا رَمَدَ، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ أَقْطَرَ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ الصَّبْرَ إِقْطَارًا، وَأَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَكْتَحِلُ الْمُحْرِمُ بِأَيِّ كُحْلٍ إِذَا رَمَدَ مَا لَمْ يَكْتَحِلْ بِطِيبٍ، وَمِنْ غَيْرِ رَمَدٍ \" ابْنُ عُمَرَ الْقَائِلُ","vol":"7","page":170},{"text":"٩٦٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ نُبَيْهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِمَلَلٍ اشْتَكَى عُمَرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ عَيْنَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا كُنَّا بِالرَّوْحَاءِ اشْتَدَّ وَجَعُهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، يَسْأَلُهُ؟ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اضْمِدْهَا بِالصَّبْرِ، فَإِنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ حَدَّثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الرَّجُلِ  «إِذَا اشْتَكَى عَيْنَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ ضَمَّدَهَا بِالصَّبْرِ» ⦗١٧١⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ نُبَيْهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ","vol":"7","page":170},{"text":"٩٦٩٩ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: أَنَّ النِّسَاءَ سَأَلْنَ عَطَاءً عَنْ كُحْلِ الْإِثْمِدِ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الْمُحْرِمَةِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ فِيهِ طِيبٌ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَكْرَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ ابْتِدَاءُ زِينَةٍ، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ أَيَّامُ تَخَشُّعٍ وَعِبَادَةٍ»،\n\n٩٧٠٠ - وَلَمْ يَجْعَلِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيهِ فِدْيَةً","vol":"7","page":171},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-624>الْغُسْلُ بَعْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ</span>","vol":"7","page":172},{"text":"٩٧٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ اخْتَلَفَا بِالْأَبْوَاءِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَغْسِلُ الْمُحْرِمُ رَأْسَهُ. وَقَالَ الْمِسْوَرُ: لَا يَغْسِلُ الْمُحْرِمُ رَأْسَهُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِلَى أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، فَوَجَدْتُهُ يَغْتَسِلُ بَيْنَ الْقَرْنَيْنِ، وَهُوَ يَسْتَتِرُ بِثَوْبٍ قَالَ: فَسَلَّمْتُ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حُنَيْنٍ. أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لِيَسْأَلَكَ: \" كَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْسِلُ رَأْسَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ؟ قَالَ: فَوَضَعَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الثَّوْبِ فَطَأْطَأَهُ حَتَّى بَدَا لِي رَأْسُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِإِنْسَانٍ يَصُبُّ عَلَيْهِ: اصْبُبْ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ حَرَّكَ رَأْسَهُ بِيَدَيْهِ، فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِمَا وَأَدْبَرَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَكَذَا رَأَيْتُهُ ﷺ يَفْعَلُ \" ⦗١٧٣⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مَنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":172},{"text":"٩٧٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ، أَنَّ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ يَعْلَى، أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَغْتَسِلُ إِلَى بَعِيرٍ، وَأَنَا أَسْتُرُ عَلَيْهِ بِثَوْبٍ، إِذْ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁: يَا يَعْلَى اصْبُبْ عَلَى رَأْسِي، فَقُلْتُ: أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعْلَمُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁: وَاللَّهِ  «مَا يَزِيدُ الْمَاءُ الشَّعْرَ إِلَّا شَعْثًا، فَسَمَّى اللَّهَ ثُمَّ أَفَاضَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ»،\n\n٩٧٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"7","page":173},{"text":"٩٧٠٤ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ لِيَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَهُوَ يَصُبُّ عَلَى عُمَرَ مَاءً وَهُوَ يَغْتَسِلُ: اصْبُبْ عَلَى رَأْسِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ يَعْلَى: أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَجْعَلَهَا لِي، إِنْ أَمَرْتَنِي صَبَبْتُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: اصْبُبْ  «فَلَنْ يَزِيدَهُ الْمَاءُ إِلَّا شَعْثًا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ","vol":"7","page":173},{"text":"٩٧٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: رُبَّمَا قَالَ لِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: تَعَالَ «أُمَاقِلْكَ فِي الْمَاءِ، أَيُّنَا أَطْوَلُ نَفَسًا وَنَحْنُ مُحْرِمُونَ؟»","vol":"7","page":173},{"text":"٩٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، ح وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً وسِيَاقُ الْحَدِيثِ لَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ قَالَ: «تَمَاقَلَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَهُمَا مُحْرِمَانِ وَعُمَرُ يَنْظُرُ»","vol":"7","page":174},{"text":"٩٧٠٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ نَاسًا تَمَاقَلُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَهُمْ بِسَاحِلٍ مِنَ السَّوَاحِلِ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ، «فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَنظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْهُ عَلَيْهِمْ»\n\n٩٧٠٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: \" الْجُنُبُ الْمُحْرِمُ وَغَيْرُ الْمُحْرِمِ إِذَا اغْتَسَلَ دَلَّكَ جَسَدَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ، وَلَا يُدَلِّكْ رَأْسَهُ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لِمَ يُدَلِّكُ جِلْدَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ، وَلَا يُدَلِّكُ رَأْسَهُ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ يَبْدُو لَهُ مِنْ جِلْدِهِ، مَا لَا يَبْدُو لَهُ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ \"","vol":"7","page":174},{"text":"٩٧٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَغْسِلُ رَأْسَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، إِلَّا مِنِ احْتِلَامٍ»\n\n٩٧١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَنَحْنُ وَمَالِكٌ لَا نَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَغْسِلَ الْمُحْرِمُ رَأْسَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ ⦗١٧٥⦘،\n\n٩٧١١ - وَيُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ «اغْتَسَلَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»،\n\n٩٧١٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ يَذْهَبُ عَلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِهِ السُّنَنُ، وَلَوْ عَلِمَهَا مَا خَالَفَهَا، وَلَا رَغِبَ عَنْهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى\n\n٩٧١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْمَيِّتِ الْحَرَامِ أَنْ يُغَسَّلَ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ، وَلَا يَقْرَبَ طِيبًا، فَإِنْ غُسِّلَ رَأْسُهُ وَلِحْيَتُهُ بِخِطْمِيٍّ أَوْ سِدْرٍ أَوْ أُشْنَانٍ أَوْ شَيْءٍ غَيْرِ طِيبٍ فَلَا فِدْيَةَ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n٩٧١٤ - وَاسْتُحِبَّ فِيهِ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أَنْ لَا يُفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي الرَّأْسِ وَاللِّحْيَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُرْجِلُهُ وَيُذْهِبُ شَعَثَهُ\n\n٩٧١٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَكَرِهَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ غَسْلَ الْمُحْرِمِ بِالْخِطْمِيِّ","vol":"7","page":174},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-625>بَابُ دُخُولِ الْحَمَّامِ</span>","vol":"7","page":176},{"text":"٩٧١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمُحْرِمُ الْحَمَّامَ»\n\n٩٧١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ «دَخَلَ حَمَّامَ الْجُحْفَةِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»","vol":"7","page":176},{"text":"٩٧١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ \" دَخَلَ حَمَّامًا وَهُوَ بِالْجُحْفَةِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، وَقَالَ: مَا يَعْبَأُ اللَّهُ بِأَوْسَاخِنَا شَيْئًا \"","vol":"7","page":176},{"text":"٩٧١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ، أَمَرَ بِوَسَخٍ فِي ظَهْرِهِ «فَحُكَّ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»\n\n٩٧٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي حَكِّ الْمُحْرِمِ رَأْسَهُ قَالَ: بِبَطْنِ أَنَامِلِهِ، وَعَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ حَكَّ بِأَنَامِلِهِ ⦗١٧٧⦘،\n\n٩٧٢١ - وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا أَبَاحَتْ لِلْمُحْرِمِ حَكَّ جَسَدِهِ،\n\n٩٧٢٢ - وُرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْمُحْرِمُ يَغْتَسِلُ وَيَغْسِلُ ثَوْبَيْهِ إِنْ شَاءَ،\n\n٩٧٢٣ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ أَبَاحَ لِلْمُحْرِمَةِ غَسْلَ ثَوْبِهَا، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَصْنَعُ بِدَرَنِكِ شَيْئًا،\n\n٩٧٢٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ أَبَاحَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"7","page":176},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-626>النَّظَرُ فِي الْمِرْآةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":178},{"text":"٩٧٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ  «نَظَرَ فِي الْمِرْآةِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»","vol":"7","page":178},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-627>الْحِجَامَةُ لِلْمُحْرِمِ</span>","vol":"7","page":179},{"text":"٩٧٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلَاهُمَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «احْتَجَمَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»\n\n٩٧٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْهُمَا بِلَا شَكٍّ","vol":"7","page":179},{"text":"٩٧٢٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ ⦗١٨٠⦘ سُفْيَانُ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَعْنِي عَمْرَو بْنَ دِينَارٍ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «احْتَجَمَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ» قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: ثُمَّ لَبِثَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي طَاوُسٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي: وَهِمَ، رَجَعَ عَنِ الْآخَرِ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: لَعَلَّهُ سَمِعَهُمَا مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا\n\n٩٧٢٩ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْوَهْمِ،\n\n٩٧٣٠ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ ضَبْطِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَإِتْقَانِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَدِيثِ بِالشَّكِّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٩٧٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَكَذَلِكَ يَحْتَجِمُ فِي رَأْسِهِ بِلَا فِدْيَةٍ؛ لِأَنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِلَبُوسٍ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ حِجَامَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَتْ فِي رَأْسِهِ","vol":"7","page":179},{"text":"٩٧٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّحْوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ صَدَقَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَعْرَجَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ ابْنَ بُحَيْنَةَ قَالَ:  «احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِلَحْيِ جَمَلٍ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ وَسَطَ رَأْسِهِ» ⦗١٨١⦘ وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ،\n\n٩٧٣٣ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا فِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مُرْسَلًا، وَمِنْ ذَلَكَ الْوَجْهِ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"7","page":180},{"text":"٩٧٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرِجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ،  «احْتَجَمَ فِي رَأْسِهِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِلَحْيِ جَمَلٍ»","vol":"7","page":181},{"text":"٩٧٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «لَا يَحْتَجِمُ الْمُحْرِمُ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُضْطَرَّ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّا لَا بُدَّ مِنْهُ»\n\n٩٧٣٦ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ\n\n٩٧٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: لَعَلَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهُ، وَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ سَمِعَ هَذَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَوْ سَمِعَهُ مَا خَالَفَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"7","page":181},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-628>نِكَاحُ الْمُحْرِمِ</span>","vol":"7","page":182},{"text":"٩٧٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ نُبَيْهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْمُحْرِمُ لَا يَنْكِحُ وَلَا يُنْكَحُ، وَلَا يَخْطُبُ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"7","page":182},{"text":"٩٧٣٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ نُبَيْهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ أَحَدِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَنْكِحُ الْمُحْرِمُ، وَلَا يُنْكَحُ، وَلَا يَخْطُبُ» ⦗١٨٣⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":182},{"text":"٩٧٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَكَحَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»، فَقَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْأَصَمِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، نَكَحَ مَيْمُونَةَ وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ، وَهِيَ خَالَتُهُ \". قَالَ عَمْرٌو: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَتَجْعَلُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ الْأَصَمِّ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٩٧٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ قَالَ: نَكَحَ مَيْمُونَةَ وَهِيَ حَلَالٌ، وَهِيَ خَالَتُهُ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَتَجْعَلُ أَعْرَابِيًّا بَوَّالًا عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ؟ وَهِيَ خَالَةُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَيْضًا،\n\n٩٧٤٢ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ عَنْهُ\n\n٩٧٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ لَا يُوجِبُ طَعْنًا فِي ⦗١٨٤⦘ رِوَايَتِهِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مَطْعُونًا فِي الرِّوَايَةِ لَمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَإِنَّمَا قَصْدُ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ بِمَا قَالَ تَرْجِيحُ رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ. وَالتَّرْجِيحُ يَقَعُ بِمَا قَالَ عَمْرٌو، وَلَوْ كَانَ يَزِيدُ يَقُولُهُ مُرْسَلًا كَمَا كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُهُ مُرْسَلًا إِذْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ عَمْرٌو الْقِصَّةَ، كَمَا لَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْأَصَمِّ، إِلَّا أَنَّ يَزِيدَ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ وَهِيَ صَاحِبَةُ الْأَمْرِ، وَهِيَ أَعْلَمُ بِأَمْرِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهَا","vol":"7","page":183},{"text":"٩٧٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ النَّسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو فَزَارَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي مَيْمُونَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" تَزَوَّجَهَا وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ خَالَتِي وَخَالَةُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ \". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ،\n\n٩٧٤٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَيْمُونُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ، مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٩٧٤٦ - وَإِنْ كَانَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بُرْقَانَ رَوَاهُ، عَنْ مَيْمُونٍ، وَمَعَهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ زَوْرَانَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، مَوْصُولًا، وَكُلٌّ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ ثِقَةٌ، فَلَا مَعْنًى لِلطَّعْنِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الثِّقَاتِ","vol":"7","page":184},{"text":"٩٧٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ ⦗١٨٥⦘ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا رَافِعٍ مَوْلَاهُ وَرَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ،  «فَزَوَّجَاهُ مَيْمُونَةَ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ»\n\n٩٧٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ بَعَثَهُ وَهُوَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ كَانَ التَّزْوِيجُ بَعْدَ فَرَاغِهِ مِنَ الْإِحْرَامِ، وَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مُرْسَلٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَطَرٌ الْوَرَّاقُ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"7","page":184},{"text":"٩٧٤٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وعَارِمٌ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «تَزَوَّجَ مَيْمُونَةَ حَلَالًا، وَكُنْتُ الرَّسُولَ بَيْنَهُمَا»\n\n٩٧٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: مَطَرُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ الْوَرَّاقُ، قَدِ احْتَجَّ بِهِ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَمَنْ يَحْتَجُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ بِمِثْلِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، وَالْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، وَابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ الطَّاحِيِّ، وَبِمَنْ هُوَ أَضْعَفُ مِنْهُمْ، لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ رِوَايَةَ مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ، كَيْفَ وَالْحُجَّةُ عَلَيْهِ فِي أَصْلِهِ بِرِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ قَائِمَةٌ","vol":"7","page":185},{"text":"٩٧٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأُمَوِيُّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: «مَا نَكَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَيْمُونَةَ، إِلَّا وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ»","vol":"7","page":185},{"text":"٩٧٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ ⦗١٨٦⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُ، قَرَابَةِ مَيْمُونَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَكَحَ مَيْمُونَةَ مُحْرِمًا»، يُرِيدُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٩٧٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ أَشْبَهُ الْأَحَادِيثِ أَنْ يَكُونَ ثَابِتًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَكَحَ مَيْمُونَةَ حَلَالًا. فَإِنْ قِيلَ: مَا يَدُلُّ أَنَّهُ أَشْبَهُهَا؟ قِيلَ: رُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ النَّهْيُ عَنْ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْرِمُ، وَلَا يُنْكِحُ، وَعُثْمَانُ مُتَقَدِّمُ الصُّحْبَةِ، وَمَنْ رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَكَحَهَا مُحْرِمًا لَمْ يَصْحَبْهُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ السَّفَرِ الَّذِي نَكَحَ فِيهِ مَيْمُونَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا نَكَحَهَا قَبْلَ عُمْرَةِ الْقَضِيَّةِ، وَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْحَدِيثَانِ، فَالْمُتَّصِلُ الَّذِي لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ أَوْلَى عِنْدَنَا أَنْ يُثْبَتَ لَوْ لَمْ تَكُنِ الْحُجَّةُ إِلَّا فِيهِ نَفْسُهُ، وَمَعَ حَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ مَا يُوَافِقُهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُتَّصِلًا اتِّصَالَهُ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَإِنَّ لِمَنْ رَوَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَكَحَهَا مُحْرِمًا قَرَابَةً تَعْرِفُ نِكَاحَهَا، قِيلَ: وَلِابْنِ أُخْتِهَا يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانُ مِنْهَا، وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مِنْهَا مَكَانُ الْوَلَايَةِ شَبِيهًا أَنْ تَعْرِفَ نِكَاحَهَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْأَصَمِّ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ مَعَ مَكَانِهَمَا يَقُولَانِ: نَكَحَهَا حَلَالًا، وَكَانَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَقُولُ: نَكَحَهَا حَلَالًا، ذَهَبَتِ الْعِلَّةُ فِي أَنْ يُثْبِتَ مَنْ قَالَ: نَكَحَهَا وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ بِسَبَبِ الْقَرَابَةِ، وَبِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ عُثْمَانَ، الْإِسْنَادَ وَالْمُتَّصِلَ لَا شَكَّ فِي اتِّصَالِهِ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَثْبُتَ مَعَ مُوَافَقَةِ مَا وَصَفْتُ، فَأَيُّ مُحْرِمٍ نَكَحَ أَوْ أَنْكَحَ، فَنِكَاحُهُ مَفْسُوخٌ بِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ نَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُحْرِمِ\n\n٩٧٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ: نَكَحَهَا قَبْلَ عُمْرَةِ الْقَضِيَّةِ خَرَجَ عَلَى ظَاهَرِ رِوَايَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَرِوَايَةِ مَيْمُونَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَمَا أَحَلَّ أَصَحُّ،\n\n٩٧٥٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَقَوْلُهُمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي النِّكَاحِ مِنْ: كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ: وَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لَهُمَا عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٩٧٥٦ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي النِّكَاحِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ رَدَّ نِكَاحَ مُحْرِمٍ ⦗١٨٧⦘،\n\n٩٧٥٧ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عُثْمَانَ،\n\n٩٧٥٨ - فَهَؤُلَاءِ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى رَدِّ نِكَاحِ الْمُحْرِمِ، وَمَعَهُمْ إِمَامَانِ آخَرَانِ: زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَذَلِكَ أَوْلَى مِمَّا رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مُرْسَلًا، وَمِمَّا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَهُوَ دُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي الْإِمَامَةِ وَالتَّقَدُّمِ فِي الْعِلْمِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"7","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-629>كَلَامُ الْمُحْرِمِ</span>","vol":"7","page":188},{"text":"٩٧٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: \" لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُفْتِيَ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَالزِّنَا وَالنِّكَاحِ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ لِلنِّسَاءِ قَدْ كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يُنْشِدُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ:\n[البحر الرجز]\nوَهُنَّ يَمْشِينَ بِنَا هَمِيسَا ... إِنْ يَصْدُقِ الطَّيْرُ نَنِكْ لَمِيسَا\nفَقِيلَ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَتَرْفُثُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّمَا الرَّفَثُ مَا رُوجِعَ بِهِ النِّسَاءُ\"\n\n٩٧٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ لِلْمُحْرِمِ وَالْحَلَالِ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُمَا بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَبِمَا يَعُودُ عَلَيْهِمَا مَنْفَعَتُهُ فِي دِينٍ أَوْ دُنْيَا، وَلَيْسَ يَضِيقُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ بِمَا لَا يَأْثَمُ فِيهِ، وَالشِّعْرُ وَالْكَلَامُ غَيْرُ الشَّعْرِ سَوَاءٌ لَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَهُمَا","vol":"7","page":188},{"text":"٩٧٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ» مِنَ الشِّعْرِ حِكْمَةً \"، هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n٩٧٦٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، مَوْصُولًا، وَرَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، كَذَلِكَ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ فِيهِ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ","vol":"7","page":188},{"text":"٩٧٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الشِّعْرُ كَلَامٌ حَسَنُهُ كَحَسَنِ الْكَلَامِ وَقَبِيحُهُ كَقَبِيحِهِ»","vol":"7","page":189},{"text":"٩٧٦٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْأَزْرَقِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، \" رَكِبَ رَاحِلَةً لَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، فَتَدَلَّتْ بِهِ فَجَعَلَتْ تُقَدِّمُ يَدًا وَتُؤَخِّرُ أُخْرَى. قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ عُمَرُ:\n[البحر البسيط]\n\nكَأَنَّ رَاكِبَهَا غُصْنٌ بِمَرْوَحَةٍ ... إِذَا تَدَلَّتْ بِهِ أَوْ شَارِبٌ ثَمِلُ،\nثُمَّ قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ\"\n\n٩٧٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ حَجَّ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ، فَلَمْ يَرْفُثْ، وَلَمْ يَفْسُقْ، رَجَعَ كَيَوْمِ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ»","vol":"7","page":189},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-630>الْمِنْطَقَةُ وَالسَّيْفُ</span>","vol":"7","page":190},{"text":"٩٧٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدِمُوا فِي عُمْرَةِ الْقَضِيَّةِ «مُقَلِّدِينَ السُّيُوفِ، وَهُمْ مُحْرِمُونَ» ⦗١٩١⦘\n\n٩٧٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ فِي الصُّلْحِ: «هَذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ» وَاشْتَرَطُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقِيمُوا ثَلَاثًا، وَلَا يَدْخُلُوا مَكَّةَ بِسِلَاحٍ إِلَّا جُلُبَّانَ السِّلَاحِ. قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ: السَّيْفُ بِقِرَابِهِ","vol":"7","page":190},{"text":"٩٧٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ  «يَكْرَهُ لُبْسَ الْمِنْطَقَةِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ»","vol":"7","page":191},{"text":"٩٧٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ورَوَى مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِلُبْسِ الْمِنْطَقَةِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ»\n\n٩٧٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَنِ اسْتَجَازَ خِلَافَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَلَمْ يَرِدْ خِلَافُهُ إِلَّا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، لَحَقِيقٌ أَنْ لَا يُخَالِفَ سُنَّةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n٩٧٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَقُولُ فِي الْمِنْطَقَةِ يَلْبَسُهَا الْمُحْرِمُ تَحْتَ ثِيَابِهِ: أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا جَعَلَ طَرَفَيْهَا جَمِيعًا سُيُورًا يَعْقِدُ بَعْضَهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٧٧٢ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيَ الْمِنْطَقَةِ إِلَيَّ ⦗١٩٢⦘\n\n٩٧٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n٩٧٧٤ - وَعَائِشَةَ «فِي الرُّخْصَةِ فِي الْهِمْيَانِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ»","vol":"7","page":191},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-631>الِاسْتِظْلَالُ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ</span>\n٩٧٧٥ - رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الْحَجِّ قَالَ: «وَأَمَرَ بِقُبَّةٍ لَهُ مِنْ شَعَرٍ، فَضُرِبَتْ بِنَمِرَةَ»، فَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أَتَى عَرَفَةَ، «فَوَجَدَ الْقُبَّةَ قَدْ ضُرِبَتْ لَهُ بِنَمِرَةَ، فَنَزَلَ بِهَا»\n\n٩٧٧٦ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْحُصَيْنِ قَالَتْ: «حَجَجْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَجَّةَ الْوَدَاعِ، فَرَأَيْتُ أُسَامَةَ، وَبِلَالًا وَأَحَدُهُمَا آخِذٌ بِخِطَامِ نَاقَتِهِ، وَالْآخَرُ رَافِعٌ ثَوْبَهُ يَسْتُرُهُ مِنَ الْحَرِّ حَتَّى رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ»","vol":"7","page":193},{"text":"٩٧٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: «صَحِبْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الْحَجِّ، فَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُضْرِبًا فُسْطَاطًا حَتَّى رَجَعَ» قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَظُنُّهُ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ كَانَ يَنْزِلُ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَيَسْتَظِلُّ بِنِطَعٍ، أَوْ بِكِسَاءٍ، وَبِالشَّيْءِ ⦗١٩٤⦘\n\n٩٧٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَأَمَّا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: اضْحِ لِمَنْ أَحْرَمْتَ لَهُ، فَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنَّ مَا أَصَابَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَشُقُّ عَلَيْهِ كَانَ أَخْيَرَ لَهُ، وَمَا أَمَرَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِفِدْيَةٍ، وَلَا ضَيَّقَهُ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"7","page":193},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-632>الْمُحْرِمُ يَمُوتُ</span>","vol":"7","page":195},{"text":"٩٧٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَخَرَّ رَجُلٌ مُحْرِمٌ عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ فَوُقِصَ فَمَاتَ، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ:  «اغْسِلُوهُ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ، وَكَفِّنُوهُ فِي ثَوْبَيْهِ اللَّذَيْنِ مَاتَ فِيهِمَا، فَإِنَّهُ يُبْعَثُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُهِلُّ أَوْ يُلَبِّي»،\n\n٩٧٨٠ - وَأَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْجَنَائِزِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «وَلَا تُخَمِّرُوا رَأْسَهُ»","vol":"7","page":195},{"text":"٩٧٨١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَقَالَ: فَوُقِصَ، فَمَاتَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗١٩٦⦘: «اغْسِلُوهُ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ، وَكَفِّنُوهُ فِي ثَوْبَيْهِ، وَلَا تُخَمِّرُوا رَأْسَهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يُبْعَثُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُهِلُّ أَوْ يُلَبِّي»\n\n٩٧٨٢ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُلَبِّيًا»،\n\n٩٧٨٣ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، بِهَذَيْنِ الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي حُرَّةَ، وَقَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سفيان، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي حُرَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «وَلَا تُقَرِّبُوهُ طِيبًا»","vol":"7","page":195},{"text":"٩٧٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَنَّ ابْنًا لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ «تُوُفِّيَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، فَلَمْ يُخَمِّرْ رَأْسَهُ، وَلَمْ يُقَرِّبْهُ طِيبًا»","vol":"7","page":196},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-633>بَابُ دُخُولِ مَكَّةَ</span>","vol":"7","page":197},{"text":"٩٧٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «يَغْتَسِلُ لِدُخُولِ مَكَّةُ»","vol":"7","page":197},{"text":"٩٧٨٦ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «بَاتَ بِذِي طُوًى حَتَّى صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ اغْتَسَلَ بِهَا وَدَخَلَ مَكَّةَ»\n\n٩٧٨٧ - قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، كَانَ «يَغْتَسِلُ بِمَنْزِلِهِ بِمَكَّةَ حِينَ يَقْدِمُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَسْجِدَ»\n\n٩٧٨٨ - قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ ذَرَّةَ: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ «تَغْتَسِلُ بِذِي طُوًى حِينَ تَقْدَمُ مَكَّةَ»\n\n٩٧٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «إِذَا خَرَجَ حَاجًّا أَوْ مُعْتَمِرًا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى يَغْتَسِلَ، وَيَأْمُرَ مَنْ مَعَهُ، فَيَغْتَسِلُوا»\n\n٩٧٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ ⦗١٩٨⦘ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ لَا يَقْدِمُ مَكَّةَ إِلَّا بَاتَ بِذِي طُوًى حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، «وَيَغْتَسِلَ ثُمَّ يَدْخُلَ مَكَّةَ نَهَارًا، وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ فَعَلَهُ»\n\n٩٧٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ «يَدْخُلُ مَكَّةَ مِنْ كَدَاءَ مِنَ الثَّنِيَّةِ الْعُلْيَا الَّتِي بِالْبَطْحَاءِ، وَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ السُّفْلَى»","vol":"7","page":197},{"text":"٩٧٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «دَخَلَ مِنْ أَعْلَى مَكَّةَ، وَخَرَجَ مِنْ أَسْفَلِهَا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى ⦗١٩٩⦘،\n\n٩٧٩٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: دَخَلَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ مِنْ كَدَاءَ، وَخَرَجَ مِنْ كُدًى \"\n\n٩٧٩٤ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀ إِنَّمَا هُمَا كَدَاءُ، وَكُدًى، وَهُمَا ثَنِيَّتَانِ،\n\n٩٧٩٥ - وَحَدِيثُ أَسْمَاءَ وَعَائِشَةَ قَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي بَابِ الْغُسْلِ لِلْإِحْرَامِ","vol":"7","page":198},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-634>الْقَوْلُ عِنْدَ رُؤْيَةِ الْبَيْتِ</span>","vol":"7","page":200},{"text":"٩٧٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا رَأَى الْبَيْتَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ «زِدْ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ تَشْرِيفًا وَتَعْظِيمًا وَتَكْرِيمًا وَمَهَابَةً، وَزِدْ مِنْ شَرَفِهِ، وَكَرِّمْهُ مِمَّنْ حَجَّهُ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَهُ تَشْرِيفًا وَتَعْظِيمًا وَتَكْرِيمًا وَبِرًّا»","vol":"7","page":200},{"text":"٩٧٩٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ حِينَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ، يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ «أَنْتَ السَّلَامُ، وَمِنْكَ السَّلَامُ، فَحَيِّنَا رَبَّنَا بِالسَّلَامِ»،\n\n٩٧٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا رَأَى الْبَيْتَ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الدُّعَاءَ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَذُكِرَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ\n\n٩٧٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ كَانَ بَعْضُ مَنْ مَضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِكَلَامٍ عِنْدَ رُؤْيَةِ الْبَيْتِ، وَرُبَّمَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ عَلَى الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، وَيَقُولُ: مَا زِلْنَا نَحُلُّ عُقْدَةً وَنَشُدُّ أُخْرَى، وَنَهْبِطُ وَادِيًا، وَنَعْلُو أُخْرَى، حَتَّى أَتَيْنَاكَ غَيْرَ مَحْجُوبٍ أَنْتَ دُونَنَا فَيَا مَنْ إِلَيْهِ حَوَائِجُنَا، وَمِنْهُ حَجُّنَا ارْحَمْ مَلْقَى رِحَالِنَا بِفِنَاءِ بَيْتِكَ","vol":"7","page":200},{"text":"٩٨٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: حُدِّثْتُ عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تُرْفَعُ الْأَيْدِي فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِذَا رَأَى الْبَيْتَ، وَعَلَى الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، وَعَشِيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ، وَبَجْمَعٍ عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَتَيْنِ وَعَلَى الْمَيِّتِ»\n\n٩٨٠١ - كَذَا فِي رِوَايَتِهِمَا وَفِي الْمَبْسُوطِ: وَعِنْدَ الْجَمْرَتَيْنِ \"\n\n٩٨٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَلَيْسَ فِي رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ شَيْءٌ أَكْرَهُهُ وَلَا أَسْتَحِبُّهُ عِنْدَ رُؤْيَةِ الْبَيْتِ وَهُوَ عِنْدِي حَسَنٌ\n\n٩٨٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْتَمِدْ عَلَى الْحَدِيثِ لِانْقِطَاعِهِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n٩٨٠٤ - وعَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَرَّةً مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِمَا وَمَرَّةً مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْبَيْتِ،\n\n٩٨٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ الْمَكِّيِّ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ لِجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَفْعَ الْيَدَيْنِ عِنْدَ رُؤْيَةِ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ أَرَى أَحَدًا يَفْعَلُ هَذَا إِلَّا الْيَهُودَ، قَدْ حَجَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمْ نَكُنْ نَفْعَلُهُ،\n\n٩٨٠٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: أَفَكُنَّا نَفْعَلُهُ ⦗٢٠٢⦘.\n\n٩٨٠٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «إِذَا رَأَى الْبَيْتَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ»، وَقَالَ فَذَكَرَ الدُّعَاءَ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا،\n\n٩٨٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الشَّامِيِّ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا\n\n٩٨٠٩ - وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا رَأَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْبَيْتَ «رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، فَوَقَعَ زِمَامُ نَاقَتِهِ، فَأَخَذَهُ بِشِمَالِهِ، وَرَفَعَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى»،\n\n٩٨١٠ - فَهَذِهِ الْمَرَاسِيلُ انْضَمَّتْ إِلَى حَدِيثِ مِقْسَمٍ فَوَكَّدَتْهُ، وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَفْيُ مَا أَثْبَتُوهُ مِنْ فِعْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا نَفْيُ مَا أُثْبِتَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مِقْسَمٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، إِنَّمَا فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ نَفْيُ فِعْلِهِ وَفِعْلِ رِفَاقِهِ، وَلَوْ صَرَّحَ جَابِرٌ بِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ، وَأَثْبَتَهُ غَيْرُهُ، كَانَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَ الْمُثْبِتِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ إِسْنَادُ حَدِيثِهِ دُونَ إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ حَتَّى مَا اجْتَمَعَ فِيهِ شَرَائِطُ الْقَبُولِ،\n\n٩٨١١ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى اجْتَمَعَ فِيهِ شَرَائِطُ الْقَبُولِ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ مَنْ يَدَّعِي الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الْآثَارِ، فَهُوَ يَحْتَجُّ بِهِ وَبِأَمْثَالِهِ، وَنَحْنُ لَا نَحْتَجُّ بِمَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ لِسُوءِ حِفْظِهِ، لَكِنْ حَدِيثُهُ هَذَا صَارَ مُؤَكَّدًا بِانْضِمَامِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الشَّوَاهِدِ إِلَيْهِ. فَهُوَ إِذًا حَسَنٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ كَرَاهِيَةٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-635>افْتِتَاحُ الطَّوَافِ بِالِاسْتِلَامِ</span>\n٩٨١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَفْتَحَ الطَّائِفُ الطَّوَافَ بِالِاسْتِلَامِ، وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَبَّلَ الرُّكْنَ الْأَسْوَدَ، فَكَذَلِكَ أُحِبُّ، وَإِنِ اسْتَلَمَهُ بِيَدِهِ قَبَّلَ يَدَهُ\n\n٩٨١٣ - قَالَ: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَسْتَلِمَ الرُّكْنَ الْيَمَانِيَّ بِيَدِهِ وَيُقَبِّلَهَا وَلَا يُقَبِّلَهُ، لِأَنِّي لَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَبَّلَ إِلَّا الْحَجَرَ\n\n٩٨١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ يَقْدِمُ مَكَّةَ، «يَسْتَلِمُ الرُّكْنَ الْأَسْوَدَ أَوَّلَ مَا يَطُوفُ، يَخُبُّ ثَلَاثَةَ أَطْوَافٍ مِنَ السَّبْعِ» ⦗٢٠٤⦘\n\n٩٨١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَرَبِيٍّ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنِ اسْتِلَامِ الْحَجَرِ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَسْتَلِمُهُ وَيُقَبِّلُهُ»","vol":"7","page":203},{"text":"٩٨١٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَابِسِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ ﵁  «يُقَبِّلُ الْحَجَرَ» ح","vol":"7","page":204},{"text":"٩٨١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ الْحَوْضِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ ﵁ \" قَبَّلَ الْحَجَرَ، وَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ حَجَرٌ لَا تَضُرُّ وَلَا تَنْفَعُ، وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبَّلَكَ مَا قَبَّلْتُكَ قَالَ عَابِسُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ: ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فَقَبَّلَهُ \" ⦗٢٠٥⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادٍ","vol":"7","page":204},{"text":"٩٨١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا اسْتَلَمُوا قَبَّلُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، رَأَيْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَابْنَ عُمَرَ، وأَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ، وأَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ إِذَا اسْتَلَمُوا قَبَّلُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ»، قُلْتُ: وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ؟ قَالَ: \" نَعَمْ: حَسِبْتُ كَثِيرًا \"، قُلْتُ: هَلْ تَدَعُ أَنْتَ إِذَا اسْتَلَمْتَ أَنْ تُقَبِّلَ يَدَكَ؟ قَالَ: «فَلِمَ اسْتَلَمْتُ إِذًا؟»\n\n٩٨١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ اسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ بِيَدِهِ وَقَبَّلَ يَدَهُ، وَقَالَ: «مَا تَرَكْتُهُ مُنْذُ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَفْعَلُهُ»","vol":"7","page":205},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-636>السُّجُودُ عَلَى الْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ مَعَ التَّقْبِيلِ</span>","vol":"7","page":206},{"text":"٩٨٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ «جَاءَ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ مُسَبِّدًا رَأْسَهُ، فَقَبَّلَ الرُّكْنَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَبَّلَهُ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ»","vol":"7","page":206},{"text":"٩٨٢١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «وَلَا بَأْسَ إِنْ خَلَا لَهُ الرُّكْنُ الْأَسْوَدُ أَنْ يُقَبِّلَهُ، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدَ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٩٨٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَتَى الرُّكْنَ الْأَسْوَدَ مُسَبِّدًا «فَقَبَّلَهُ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَبَّلَهُ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَبَّلَهُ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"7","page":206},{"text":"٩٨٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثِ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، فَذَكَرَهُ دُونَ الْكَلَامِ فِي أَوَّلِهِ ⦗٢٠٧⦘. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُرَشِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ: أَنَّهُ رَأَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ «قَبَّلَهَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ»، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَبَّلَهُ وَسَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَلَ هَكَذَا»","vol":"7","page":206},{"text":"٩٨٢٤ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ الْعَبَّاسَ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَسْتَلِمُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرَاهَ خَالِيًا قَالَ: وَكَانَ إِذَا اسْتَلَمَهُ «قَبَّلَهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَسَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ إِثْرَ كُلِّ تَقْبِيلَةٍ»\n\n٩٨٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ تَرَكَ اسْتِلَامَ الرُّكْنِ، لَمْ أُحِبَّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n٩٨٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: «طُفْتُ مَعَ طَاوُسٍ فَلَمْ يَسْتَلِمْ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْأَرْكَانِ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ»","vol":"7","page":207},{"text":"٩٨٢٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: ذَكَرَ ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ \" لَا يَدَعُ الرُّكْنَيْنِ أَنْ يَسْتَلِمَهُمَا قَالَ: لَكِنْ أَفْضَلُ مِنْهُ كَانَ يَدَعُهُمَا، أَبُوهُ \"","vol":"7","page":207},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-637>مَا يُسْتَلَمُ مِنَ الْأَرْكَانِ</span>","vol":"7","page":208},{"text":"٩٨٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: رَأَيْتُكَ تَضَعُ أَرْبَعًا لَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ يَضَعُهَا قَالَ: وَمَا هُنَّ يَا ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُكَ لَا تَمَسُّ مِنَ الْأَرْكَانِ إِلَّا الْيَمَانِيَّيْنِ، وَرَأَيْتُكَ تَلْبَسُ النِّعَالَ السَّبْتِيَّةَ، وَرَأَيْتُكَ تَصْبُغُ بِالصُّفْرَةِ، وَرَأَيْتُكَ إِذَا كُنْتَ بِمَكَّةَ، أَهَلَّ النَّاسُ، إِذَا رَأَوَا الْهِلَالَ، وَلَمْ تُهِلَّ أَنْتَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ يَوْمُ التَّرْوِيَةِ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: أَمَّا الْأَرْكَانُ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمَسُّ إِلَّا الْيَمَانِيَّيْنِ، وَأَمَّا النِّعَالُ السَّبْتِيَّةُ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَلْبَسُ النِّعَالَ الَّتِي لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَعْرٌ، وَيَتَوَضَّأُ فِيهَا، فَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَلْبَسَهُمَا، وَأَمَّا الصُّفْرَةُ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَصْبُغُ بِهَا، فَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَصْبُغَ بِهَا، وَأَمَّا الْإِهْلَالُ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُهِلُّ حَتَّى تَنْبَعِثَ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ»\n\n٩٨٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مُخْتَصَرًا، وَقَالَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٠٩⦘،\n\n٩٨٣٠ - وَأَخْرَجَا أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: لَمْ أَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْسَحُ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ إِلَّا الرُّكْنَيْنِ الْيَمَانِيَّيْنِ","vol":"7","page":208},{"text":"٩٨٣١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهَ قَالَ: «مَا تَرَكْتُ اسْتِلَامَ هَذَيْنِ الرُّكْنَيْنِ، الْيَمَانِيَّ وَالْحَجَرَ الْأَسْوَدَ فِي شِدَّةٍ، وَلَا رَخَاءٍ مُنْذُ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْتَلِمُهُمَا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ","vol":"7","page":209},{"text":"٩٨٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الرَّبَذِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَانَ «يَمْسَحُ عَلَى الرُّكْنِ الْيَمَانِيِّ وَالْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ»، وَكَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يَمْسَحُ الْأَرْكَانَ كُلَّهَا، وَيَقُولُ: «لَا يَنْبَغِي لَبَيْتِ اللَّهِ ⦗٢١٠⦘ أَنْ يَكُونَ شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ مَهْجُورًا»، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١] \"\n\n٩٨٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الَّذِي فَعَلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرْوِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٩٨٣٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٩٨٣٥ - وَلَيْسَ تَرْكُ اسْتِلَامِ الرُّكْنَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ يَلِيَانِ الْحَجَرَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مِنْهُمَا مَهْجُورًا، وَكَيْفَ يُهْجَرُ مَا يُطَافُ بِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ تَرْكُ اسْتِلَامِهِمَا هِجْرَانًا لَهُمَا، كَانَ تَرْكُ اسْتِلَامِ مَا بَيْنَ الْأَرْكَانِ هِجْرَانًا لَهَا.\n\n٩٨٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ مِثْلُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَسْتَلِمُ الْيَمَانِيَّ وَالْحَجَرَ» ⦗٢١١⦘\n\n٩٨٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْعِلَّةُ فِيهِمَا يَعْنِي فِي الرُّكْنَيْنِ الْآخَرَيْنِ فَنَرَى أَنَّ الْبَيْتَ لَمْ يُتَمَّمْ عَلَى قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَكَانَا كَسَائِرِ الْبَيْتِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُونَا مُسْتَطِيفًا بِهِمَا الْبَيْتَ، فَإِنْ مَسَحَهُمَا رَجُلٌ كَمَا يَمْسَحُ سَائِرَ الْبَيْتِ، فَحَسَنٌ، إِلَّا أَنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَقْتَدِيَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"7","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-638>تَعْجِيلُ الطَّوَافِ بِالْبَيْتِ حِينَ يَدْخُلُ مَكَّةَ</span>","vol":"7","page":212},{"text":"٩٨٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ «لَمْ يَلْوِ، وَلَمْ يُعَرِّجْ»\n\n٩٨٣٩ - وَزَادَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مُسْلِمًا مَعَ سَعِيدٍ، وَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ لَمْ يُعَرِّجْ حَتَّى طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ\n\n٩٨٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَلَا بَأْسَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لِأَنَّهُ عَمِلٌ بِغَيْرِ وَقْتٍ،\n\n٩٨٤١ - وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْتِي مَنْزِلَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكُ رَجُلٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"7","page":212},{"text":"٩٨٤٢ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: فِيمَنْ قَدِمَ مُعْتَمِرًا، فَقَدِمَ الْمَسْجِدَ، لَأَنْ «يَطُوفَ، وَلَا يَمْنَعَ الطَّوَافَ، فَلَا يُصَلِّي تَطَوُّعًا حَتَّى يَطُوفَ، وَإِنْ وَجَدَ النَّاسَ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ فَلْيُصَلِّ مَعَهُمْ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَعْدَهَا شَيْئًا حَتَّى ⦗٢١٣⦘ يَطُوفَ، وَمَنْ جَاءَ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَلَا يَجْلِسُ، وَلَا يَنْتَظِرُهَا، وَلْيَطُفْ، فَإِنْ قَطَعَ الْإِمَامُ طَوَافَهُ، فَلْيُتِمَّ بَعْدُ»\n\n٩٨٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ \" لَا أَرْكَعُ قَبْلَ تِلْكَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ إِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ رَكَعْتُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَالَ: لَا، إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيِ الصُّبْحِ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ رَكَعْتَهُمَا، فَارْكَعْهُمَا ثُمَّ طُفْ؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا أَعْظَمُ شَأَنًا مِنْ غَيْرِهِمَا \"\n\n٩٨٤٤ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَعَ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ مَكْتُوبَةً نَسِيَهَا أَوِ الْوِتْرَ نَسِيَهُ فَيَبْدَأُ بِهِ\n\n٩٨٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: \" الْمَرْأَةُ تَقْدَمُ نَهَارًا؟ قَالَ: مَا أُبَالِي إِنْ كَانَتْ مَسْتُورَةً أَنْ تَقْدَمَ نَهَارًا \"\n\n٩٨٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ، وَأَنَا أَظُنُّهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُسِرَّةً أَوْ غَيْرَ مُسِرَّةً يَعْنِي غَيْرَ جَمِيلَةٍ\n\n٩٨٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ لَهَا شَبَابٌ وَمَنْظَرٌ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُؤَخِّرَ الطَّوَافَ حَتَّى اللَّيْلِ\n\n٩٨٤٨ - قَالَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: قَدْ طَافَ بَعْضُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْلًا فِي سِتْرٍ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا\n\n٩٨٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ حَجِرَةً مِنَ الرِّجَالِ لَا تُخَالِطُهُمْ","vol":"7","page":212},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-639>مَا يُقَالُ عِنْدَ اسْتِلَامِ الرُّكْنِ</span>","vol":"7","page":214},{"text":"٩٨٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: اسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ الْأَسْوَدَ إِنْ قَدَرَ عَلَى اسْتِلَامِهِ، وَقَالَ عِنْدَ اسْتِلَامِهِ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِيمَانًا بِكَ، وَتَصْدِيقًا بِكِتَابِكَ، وَوَفَاءً بِعَهْدِكَ، وَاتِّبَاعًا لِسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّكَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ»","vol":"7","page":214},{"text":"٩٨٥١ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ نَقُولُ إِذَا اسْتَلَمْنَا؟ قَالَ: \" قُولُوا: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ إِيمَانًا بِاللَّهِ، وَتَصْدِيقًا بِمَا جَاءَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n٩٨٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَقُولُ كُلَّمَا حَاذَى الرُّكْنَيْنِ بَعْدُ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَمَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ بِهِ وَصَلَّى عَلَى رَسُولِهِ فَحَسَنٌ","vol":"7","page":214},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-640>الِاضْطِبَاعُ</span>\n٩٨٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، \" اضْطَبَعَ بِرِدَائِهِ حِينَ طَافَ\n\n٩٨٥٤ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «طَافَ مُضْطَبِعًا بِالْبَيْتِ، وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ»","vol":"7","page":215},{"text":"٩٨٥٥ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ⦗٢١٦⦘ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ ابْنِ يَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ مُضْطَبِعًا»،\n\n٩٨٥٦ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ يَعْلَى، وَقَالَ: بِرِدَاءٍ حَضْرَمِيٍّ،\n\n٩٨٥٦ - وَقِيلَ: بِبُرْدٍ أَخْضَرَ","vol":"7","page":215},{"text":"٩٨٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ «اعْتَمَرُوا مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ، فَرَمَلُوا بِالْبَيْتِ وَجَعَلُوا أَرْدَيْتَهُمْ تَحْتَ آبَاطِهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَذَفُوهَا عَلَى عَوَاتِقِهِمُ الْيُسْرَى». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":216},{"text":"٩٨٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، اسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ لِيَسْعَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لِمَنْ نُبْدِي الْآنَ مَنَاكِبَنَا وَمَنْ نُرَائِي، قَدْ أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ الْإِسْلَامَ، وَاللَّهِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ لَأَسْعَيَنَّ كَمَا سَعَى»\n\n٩٨٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: يَعْنِي رَمَلَ مُضْطَبِعًا ⦗٢١٧⦘،\n\n٩٨٦١ - وَالِاضْطِبَاعُ: أَنْ يَشْتَمِلَ بِرِدَائِهِ عَلَى مَنْكِبِهِ الْأَيْسَرِ، وَمِنْ تَحْتِ مَنْكِبِهِ الْأَيْمَنِ، فَيَكُونُ مَنْكِبُهُ الْأَيْمَنُ بَارِزًا حَتَّى يُكْمِلَ سَبْعَةً","vol":"7","page":216},{"text":"٩٨٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مُرْسَلٌ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ لِلرُّكْنِ: «أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ حَجَرٌ، لَا تَضُرُّ وَلَا تَنْفَعُ، وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَلَمَكَ مَا اسْتَلَمْتُكَ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَا لَنَا وَلِلرَّمَلِ، إِنَّمَا كُنَّا رَاءَيْنَا بِهِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَدْ أَهْلَكَهُمُ اللَّهُ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «شَيْءٌ صَنَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَا نُحِبُّ أَنْ نَتْرُكَهُ، ثُمَّ رَمَلَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ،\n\n٩٨٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فِيمَ الرَّمَلَانُ الْآنَ وَالْكَشْفُ عَنِ الْمَنَاكِبِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"7","page":217},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-641>اسْتِحْبَابُ الِاسْتِلَامِ فِي الْوِتْرِ</span>","vol":"7","page":218},{"text":"٩٨٦٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ يَعْنِي الْأَسْوَدَ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «لَا يَكَادُ أَنْ يَدَعَ أَنْ يَسْتَلِمَ الرُّكْنَ الْيَمَانِيَّ، وَالْحَجَرَ فِي كُلِّ وِتْرٍ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ»","vol":"7","page":218},{"text":"٩٨٦٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «اسْتَلِمُوا هَذَا لَنَا خَامِسَ»","vol":"7","page":218},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-642>الِاسْتِلَامُ فِي الزِّحَامِ</span>","vol":"7","page":219},{"text":"٩٨٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ: «كَيْفَ صَنَعْتَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ فِي اسْتِلَامِ الرُّكْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ؟» فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: اسْتَلَمْتُ وَتَرَكْتُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَصَبْتَ»\n\n٩٨٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَأَحْسِبُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: «أَصَبْتَ» أَنَّهُ وَصْفٌ لَهُ أَنَّهُ اسْتَلَمَ فِي غَيْرِ زِحَامٍ، وَتَرَكَ فِي زِحَامٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ لَهُ: «أَصَبْتَ» فِي فِعْلٍ وَتَرْكٍ، إِلَّا إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْحَالُ فِي الْفِعْلِ وَالتَّرْكِ","vol":"7","page":219},{"text":"٩٨٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي يَعْفُورَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا، مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ حِينَ قُتِلَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ بِمَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى مَكَّةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِعُمَرَ: «يَا أَبَا حَفْصٍ إِنَّكَ رَجُلٌ قَوِيٌّ،» فَلَا تُزَاحِمْ عَلَى الرُّكْنِ، فَإِنَّكَ تُؤْذِي الضَّعِيفَ، وَلَكِنْ إِنْ وَجَدْتَ خَلْوَةً فَاسْتَلِمْ، وَإِلَّا فَكَبِّرْ وَامْضِ \" ⦗٢٢٠⦘ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ وَهُوَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نَافِعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَارِثِ: كَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَيْهَا مُنْصَرَفَهُ عَنْهَا حِينَ قُتِلَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"7","page":219},{"text":"٩٨٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا وَجَدْتَ عَلَى الرُّكْنِ زِحَامًا، فَانْصَرِفْ، وَلَا تَقِفْ»","vol":"7","page":220},{"text":"٩٨٧٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ مَنْبُوذِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَدَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا مَوْلَاةٌ لَهَا، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ طُفْتُ بِالْبَيْتِ سَبْعًا، وَاسْتَلَمْتُ الرُّكْنَ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «لَا آجَرَكِ اللَّهُ، لَا آجَرَكِ اللَّهُ تُدَافِعِينَ الرِّجَالَ؟ أَلَا كَبَّرْتِ وَمَرَرْتِ»","vol":"7","page":220},{"text":"٩٨٧١ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ أَبِي يَقُولُ لَنَا: «إِذَا وَجَدْتُنَّ فُرْجَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ فَاسْتَلِمْنَ، وَإِلَّا فَكَبِّرْنَ وَامْضِينَ»","vol":"7","page":220},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-643>الرَّمَلُ</span>","vol":"7","page":221},{"text":"٩٨٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ورَجُلٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٢٢٢⦘، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «رَمَلَ مِنَ الْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَطْوَافٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ","vol":"7","page":221},{"text":"٩٨٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «يَرْمُلُ مِنَ الْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ إِلَى الْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَطْوَافٍ، وَيَمْشِي أَرْبَعَةَ أَطْوَافٍ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ بِنَحْوِهِ","vol":"7","page":222},{"text":"٩٨٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ \" يَرْمُلُ مِنَ الْحَجَرِ إِلَى الْحَجَرِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: هَكَذَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"\n\n٩٨٧٥ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَخِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ⦗٢٢٣⦘ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «رَمَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْحَجَرِ إِلَى الْحَجَرِ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَشَى أَرْبَعًا» وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَأَخْرَجَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ","vol":"7","page":222},{"text":"٩٨٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «سَعَى فِي عُمَرهِ كُلِّهِنَّ الْأَرْبَعِ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَبِالصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ رَدُّوهُ فِي الْأُولَى وَالرَّابِعَةِ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ»","vol":"7","page":223},{"text":"٩٨٧٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «رَمَلَ مِنْ سَبْعَةٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَطْوَافٍ خَبَبًا لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُنَّ مَشْيٌ»","vol":"7","page":223},{"text":"٩٨٧٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: \" سَعَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَامَ حَجَّ إِذْ بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ عُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَالْخُلَفَاءُ هَلُمَّ جَرًّا يَسْعَوْنَ كَذَلِكَ \"\n\n٩٨٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالرَّمَلُ: الْخَبَبُ، لَا شِدَّةُ السَّعْيِ","vol":"7","page":223},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-644>مِنْ أَيْنَ يُبْدَأُ بِالطَّوَافِ</span>","vol":"7","page":224},{"text":"٩٨٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ «رَآهُ بَدَأَ فَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فَرَمَلَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَطْوَافٍ، وَمَشَى أَرْبَعَةً، ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَقَامَ، فَصَلَّى خَلْفَهُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»","vol":"7","page":224},{"text":"٩٨٨١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «يُلَبِّي الْمُعْتَمِرُ حِينَ يَفْتَتِحُ الطَّوَافَ مَشْيًا، أَوْ غَيْرَ مَشْيٍ»،\n\n٩٨٨٢ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْأَصَمُّ، وَالصَّوَابُ: مُسْتَلِمًا أَوُ غَيْرَ مُسْتَلِمٍ،\n\n٩٨٨٣ - وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ: لِيُبَيِّنَ أَنَّ الطَّوَافَ يَبْدَأُ مِنَ الرُّكْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ","vol":"7","page":224},{"text":"٩٨٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ ⦗٢٢٥⦘ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ أَتَى الْحَجَرَ، «فَاسْتَلَمَهُ، ثُمَّ مَضَى عَلَى يَمِينِهِ، فَرَمَلَ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَشَى أَرْبَعًا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ اللَّخْمِيُّ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، وأَحْمَدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ النَّسَائِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ وَاصِلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":224},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-645>مَنْ لَمْ يَطُفْ طَوَافَ الْقُدُومِ</span>\n٩٨٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: رَمَلَ فِي طَوَافِهِ بِالْبَيْتِ بَعْدَ عَرَفَةَ","vol":"7","page":226},{"text":"٩٨٨٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خَيْثَمٍ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى مُجَاهِدًا: «يَرْمُلُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ»،\n\n٩٨٨٧ - وَمَنْ رَمَلَ فِي طَوَافِ الْقُدُومِ، أَوْ أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، لَمْ يَرْمُلْ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ بَعْدَ عَرَفَةَ","vol":"7","page":226},{"text":"٩٨٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ «إِذَا أَحْرَمَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، لَمْ يَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَلَا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ مِنْ مِنًى» قَالَ: وَكَانَ «لَا يَسْعَى إِذَا طَافَ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ إِذَا أَحْرَمَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ»\n\n٩٨٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي لَا يَرْمُلُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٢٧⦘\n\n٩٨٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَمْ يَرْمُلْ فِي السَّبْعِ الَّذِي أَفَاضَ فِيهِ»","vol":"7","page":226},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-646>كَيْفَ يَمْشِي فِي الْأَرْبَعَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":228},{"text":"٩٨٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَكَى جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" رَمَلَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَطْوَافٍ فِي الطَّوَافِ. أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: غَيْرَ الْوَاجِبِ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَشَى أَرْبَعَةً لَمْ يُحْكَ أَنَّهُ زَايَلَ سَجِيَّةَ مَشْيِهِ \"،\n\n٩٨٩٢ - وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِمَّنْ مَضَى زَايَلَ سَجِيَّةَ مَشْيِهِ فِي الطَّوَافِ فِي الزِّحَامِ، إِلَّا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُسْرِعُ الْمَشْيَ فِي الطَّوَافِ، وَكَانَ رُبَّمَا رَمَلَ السَّبْعَ كُلَّهُ، وَقَدْ مَرَّ بِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ مُحْرِمًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: ارْمُلِ الْأَشْوَاطَ الثَّلَاثَةَ، فَرَمَلَ السَّبْعَ كُلَّهُ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يَسْتَلِمُ الْأَرْكَانَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ\n\n٩٨٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُزَايلَ الرَّجُلُ سَجِيَّةَ مَشْيِهِ فِي الطَّوَافِ","vol":"7","page":228},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-647>لَا سَعْيَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ</span>","vol":"7","page":229},{"text":"٩٨٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ سَعْيٌ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَلَا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ»","vol":"7","page":229},{"text":"٩٨٩٥ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَطَاءً: «أَتَسْعَى النِّسَاءُ؟ فَأَنْكَرَهُ نَكْرَةً شَدِيدَةً»\n\n٩٨٩٦ - قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، كَذَا فِي الْأَصْلِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: رَأَتْ عَائِشَةُ نِسَاءً يَسْعَيْنَ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَتْ: أَمَا لَكُنَّ فِينَا أُسْوَةٌ، «لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُنَّ سَعْيٌ»","vol":"7","page":229},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-648>الْقَوْلُ فِي الطَّوَافِ</span>","vol":"7","page":230},{"text":"٩٨٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَأُحِبُّ كُلَّمَا حَاذَى بِهِ يَعْنِي بِالْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ وَأَنْ يَقُولَ فِي رَمَلِهِ: اللَّهُمَّ \" اجْعَلْهُ حَجًّا مَبْرُورًا، وَذَنْبًا مَغْفُورًا، وَسَعْيًا مَشْكُورًا. وَيَقُولُ فِي الطَّوَافِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ: اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ وَاعْفُ عَمَّا تَعْلَمُ، وَأَنْتَ الْأَعَزُّ الْأَكْرَمُ اللَّهُمَّ ﴿آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً، وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠١] \"","vol":"7","page":230},{"text":"٩٨٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، مَوْلَى السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، يَقُولُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ رُكْنِ بَنِي جُمَحٍ، وَالرُّكْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ: \" ﴿رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠١] عَذَابَ النَّارِ \"","vol":"7","page":230},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-649>إِقْلَالُ الْكَلَامِ فِي الطَّوَافِ</span>","vol":"7","page":231},{"text":"٩٨٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ: «أَقِلُّوا الْكَلَامَ فِي الطَّوَافِ، فَإِنَّمَا أَنْتُمْ فِي صَلَاةٍ»","vol":"7","page":231},{"text":"٩٩٠٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «طُفْتُ خَلْفَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَمَا سَمِعْتُ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا مُتَكَلِّمًا حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ»","vol":"7","page":231},{"text":"٩٩٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الطَّوَافُ بِالْبَيْتِ صَلَاةٌ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَلَّ فِيهِ النُّطْقَ، فَمَنْ نَطَقَ فِيهِ فَلَا يَنْطِقُ إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ» ⦗٢٣٢⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَيْسَرَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٩٠٢ - رَفَعَهُ عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ فِي رِوَايَةِ جَمَاعَةٍ عَنْهُ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ مَوْقُوفًا وَالْمَوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ","vol":"7","page":231},{"text":"٩٩٠٣ - ورَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٥]، فَالطَّوَافُ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الطَّوَافُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الصَّلَاةِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَحَلَّ فِيهِ النُّطْقَ، فَمَنْ نَطَقَ، فَلَا يَنْطِقُ إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السَّمَّاكُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، فَذَكَرَهُ هَكَذَا","vol":"7","page":232},{"text":"٩٩٠٤ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «يَكْرَهُ الْكَلَامَ فِي الطَّوَافِ إِلَّا الشَّيْءَ الْيَسِيرَ مِنْهُ، إِلَّا ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ وَقِرَاءَةَ الْقُرْآنِ». قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ مُجَاهِدًا كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الطَّوَافِ","vol":"7","page":232},{"text":"٩٩٠٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ الْأَعْوَرِ قَالَ: «طُفْتُ مَعَ طَاوُسٍ، فَكَلَّمْتُهُ فِي الطَّوَافِ، فَكَلِّمَنِي» ⦗٢٣٣⦘\n\n٩٩٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «تَكَلَّمَ فِي الطَّوَافِ وَكَلَّمَ، فَمَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الطَّوَافِ، فَلَا يَقْطَعُ الْكَلَامُ طَوَافَهُ، وَذِكْرُ اللَّهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ»\n\n٩٩٠٧ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ قُطِعَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّوَافُ، لِصَلَاةٍ بَنَى مِنْ حَيْثِ قُطِعَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n٩٩٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُرْوَى هَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n٩٩٠٩ - وَبِهِ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُسٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ فِي حِكَايَةِ ابْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ","vol":"7","page":232},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-650>الشُّرْبُ فِي الطَّوَافِ</span>","vol":"7","page":234},{"text":"٩٩١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ «شَرِبَ وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ، فَجَلَسَ عَلَى جِدَارِ الْحَجَرِ»،\n\n٩٩١١ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ لَا يَثْبُتُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ شَرِبَ، وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ","vol":"7","page":234},{"text":"٩٩١٢ - قَالَ: أَحْمَدَ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «شَرِبَ مَاءً فِي الطَّوَافِ»، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٩١٣ - وَهَذَا غَرِيبٌ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، وَالْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ وغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ ⦗٢٣٥⦘: شَرِبَ مِنْ زَمْزَمِ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ. لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الطَّوَافِ","vol":"7","page":234},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-651>الطَّوَافُ عَلَى غَيْرِ طَهَارَةٍ</span>\n٩٩١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يُجِزيِهِ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ عَائِشَةَ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ عَمَلَ الْحَاجِّ إِلَّا الطَّوَافَ","vol":"7","page":236},{"text":"٩٩١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا حَاضَتْ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ:  «افْعَلِي مَا يَفْعَلُ الْحَاجُّ غَيْرَ أَنْ لَا تَطُوفِي بِالْبَيْتِ»\n\n٩٩١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: قَدْ حَجَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَخْبَرَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ أَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ بَدَأَ بِهِ حِينَ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ أَنَّهُ «تَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ»","vol":"7","page":236},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-652>كَمَالُ الطَّوَافِ وَمَوْضِعُهُ</span>","vol":"7","page":237},{"text":"٩٩١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَخْبَرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ قَوْمَكِ حِينَ بَنَوْا الْكَعْبَةَ اقْتَصَرُوا عَنْ قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇؟» فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَفَلَا تَرُدُّهَا عَلَى قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ؟ قَالَ: «لَوْلَا حِدْثَانُ قَوْمِكِ بِالْكُفْرِ لَرَدَدْتُهَا عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ» فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَئِنْ كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ سَمِعَتْ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا أَرَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَرْكَ اسْتِلَامِ الرُّكْنَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ يَلِيَانِ الْحَجَرَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الْبَيْتَ لَمْ يَتِمَّ عَلَى قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇ \" ⦗٢٣٨⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":237},{"text":"٩٩١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا، أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حُجَيْرٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، فِيمَا أَحْسِبُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْحَجَرُ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ، وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٩] وَقَدْ  «طَافَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحَجَرِ»،\n\n٩٩١٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"7","page":238},{"text":"٩٩٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا، أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ إِلَى شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ، فَجِئْتُ مَعَهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ فِي الْحِجْرِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ وِلَادٍ مِنْ وِلَادِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ: أَمَّا النُّطْفَةُ فَمِنْ فُلَانٍ، وَأَمَّا الْوَلَدُ فَعَلَى فِرَاشِ فُلَانٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: صَدَقْتَ، وَلَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" قَضَى بِالْوَلَدِ لِلْفِرَاشِ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى الشَّيْخُ دَعَاهُ عُمَرُ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ بِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَقَوَّتْ لِبِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ، فَعَجَزُوا، فَتَرَكُوا بَعْضَهَا فِي الْحِجْرِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: صَدَقْتَ \"","vol":"7","page":238},{"text":"٩٩٢١ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: «مَا حُجِرَ الْحِجْرُ، فَطَافَ النَّاسُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، إِلَّا إِرَادَةَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْعِبَ النَّاسُ الطَّوَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ»،\n\n٩٩٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ عُلَمَائِنَا يَقُولُ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٩٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَسَمِعْتُ عَدَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّهُ تُرِكَ مِنَ الْكَعْبَةِ فِي الْحِجْرِ نَحْوٌ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَذْرُعٍ\n\n٩٩٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مِينَاءَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَوْلَا أَنَّ قَوْمَكِ حَدِيثُو عَهْدٍ بِشِرْكٍ لَهَدَمْتُ الْكَعْبَةَ فَأَلْزَقْتُهَا بِالْأَرْضِ، وَجَعَلْتُ لَهَا بَابَيْنِ، بَابًا شَرْقِيًّا، وَبَابًا غَرْبِيًّا، وَزِدْتُ فِيهَا سِتَّةَ أَذْرُعٍ مِنَ الْحِجْرِ، فَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا اقْتَصَرَتْ بِهَا حِينَ بَنَتِ الْكَعْبَةَ»،\n\n٩٩٢٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: خَمْسَةُ أَذْرُعٍ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: قَرِيبًا مِنْ سَبْعَةِ أَذْرُعٍ، وَالسِّتَّةُ أَشْهَرُ\n\n٩٩٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكُلُّ طَوَافٍ طَافَهُ عَلَى شَاذرْوَانِ الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ فِي الْحِجْرِ أَوْ عَلَى جِدَارِ الْحِجْرِ كَمَا لَمْ يَطُفْ ⦗٢٤٠⦘\n\n٩٩٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَمَّا الشَّاذرْوَانُ: فَأَحْسِبُهُ مُنْشَأً عَلَى أَسَاسِ الْكَعْبَةِ، ثُمَّ مُقْتَصِرًا بِالْبُنْيَانِ عَلَى اسْتِيظَافِهِ، وَأَمَّا الْحِجْرُ فَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا حِينَ بَنَتِ الْكَعْبَةَ اسْتَقْصَرَتْ عَنْ قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَتَرَكَتْ فِي الْحِجْرِ أَذْرُعًا مِنَ الْبَيْتِ، فَهَدَمَهُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَابْتَنَاهُ عَلَى قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَهَدَمَ الْحَجَّاجُ زِيَادَةَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ الَّتِي اسْتَوْظَفَ بِهَا الْقَوَاعِدَ، فَهَمَّ بَعْضُ الْولَاةِ بَإِعَادَتِهِ، فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ بَعْضُ مَنْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: أَخَافُ أَنْ لَا يَأْتِيَ وَالٍ إِلَّا أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُرَى فِي الْبَيْتِ أَثَرٌ يُنْسَبُ إِلَيْهِ، وَالْبَيْتُ أَجَلُّ مِنْ أَنْ يُطْمَعَ فِيهِ، وَقَدْ أَقَرَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ خُلَفَاؤُهُ بَعْدَهُ","vol":"7","page":239},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-653>كَمَالُ عَدَدِ الطَّوَافِ</span>","vol":"7","page":241},{"text":"٩٩٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ\n\n٩٩٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «إِذَا طَافَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ أَوَّلَ مَا يَقْدِمُ، سَعَى ثَلَاثَةَ أَطْوَافٍ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَمَشَى أَرْبَعَةً، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي سَجْدَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَطُوفُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مُوسَى،\n\n٩٩٣٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فِيمَنْ شَكَّ فِي طَوَافِهِ، أَنَّهُ يَبْنِي عَلَى الْيَقِينِ،\n\n٩٩٣١ - وَبِهِ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ، وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الَّذِي شَكَّ ثَلَاثًا صَلَّى أَوْ أَرْبَعًا: أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَتَيْهِ وَيَبْنِيَ عَلَى الْيَقِينِ، وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا شَكَّ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ","vol":"7","page":241},{"text":"٩٩٣٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: أَنَّهُ \" كَرِهَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: شَوْطٌ. دَوْرٌ لِلطَّوَافِ، وَلَكِنْ لِيَقُلْ: طَوَافٌ. طَوَافَيْنِ \"\n\n٩٩٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَكْرَهُ مَا كَرِهَ مُجَاهِدٌ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ: ﴿وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٩] فَسَمَّاهُ طَوَافًا","vol":"7","page":242},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-654>بَابُ رَكْعَتَيِ الطَّوَافِ</span>","vol":"7","page":243},{"text":"٩٩٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ بِالْبَيْتِ قَالَ: ﴿وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٥]، فَصَلَّى خَلْفَ الْمَقَامِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ \"،\n\n٩٩٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ قَرَأَ: ﴿وَاتَّخِذُوا﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٥]. وَزَادَ قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ: أَبِي، يَقُولُ: قَرَأَ فِيهِمَا بِالتَّوْحِيدِ: قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ، وَقُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ","vol":"7","page":243},{"text":"٩٩٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: حِينَ أَتَيْنَا الْبَيْتَ اسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ، \" فَرَمَلَ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَشَى أَرْبَعًا، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ إِلَى مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَرَأَ ﴿وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٥]، فَجَعَلَ الْمَقَامَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ: فَكَانَ أَبِي، يَقُولُ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ ذِكْرَهُ إِلَّا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ: بِـ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ، قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَاسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْوَرَّاقُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ","vol":"7","page":244},{"text":"٩٩٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ الْفُقَهَاءِ إِلَى أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ تُجْزِئُ مِنْهُ، وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ يَرْكَعُ رَكْعَتَيِ الطَّوَافِ مَتَى مَا ذَكَرَهُمَا حَيْثُ كَانَ،\n\n٩٩٣٨ - وَرَوَى فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَغَيْرِهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْفَرِيضَةُ تُجْزِئُ مِنْ رَكْعَتَيِ الطَّوَافِ»،\n\n٩٩٣٩ - وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ،\n\n٩٩٤٠ - وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: لَا تُجْزِئُهُ","vol":"7","page":244},{"text":"٩٩٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمَنْ قَالَ بِوُجُوبِ رَكْعَتَيِ الطَّوَافِ ذَكَرَ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ، وَهُوَ يَشْتَكِي:  «فَطَافَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، كُلَّمَا أَتَى عَلَى الرُّكْنِ اسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ بِمِحْجَنٍ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ، أَنَاخَ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ» ⦗٢٤٥⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٩٤٢ - قَالَ: وَلَوْ كَانَتْ نَافِلَةً لَأَمْكَنَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهُمَا عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، وَقَدْ صَلَّاهُمَا بِالْأَرْضِ،\n\n٩٩٤٣ - وَقَالَ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «خُذُوا عَنِّي مَنَاسِكَكُمْ»\n\n٩٩٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ لَفْظَةٌ لَمْ يُوَافِقْ عَلَيْهَا، وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ: وَهُوَ يَشْتَكِي، وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ، وَجَابِرٌ وَعَائِشَةُ مَعْنَى طَوَافِهِ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، وَذَلِكَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ","vol":"7","page":244},{"text":"٩٩٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْقَارِيِّ، أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّهُ «طَافَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِالْكَعْبَةِ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى طَوَافَهُ نَظَرَ فَلَمْ يَرَ الشَّمْسَ، فَرَكِبَ حَتَّى أَنَاخَ بِذِي طُوًى، فَسَبَّحَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٩٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ حَجَّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فَصَلَّى","vol":"7","page":245},{"text":"٩٩٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ، وَلَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، إِلَّا بِمَكَّةَ، إِلَّا بِمَكَّةَ، إِلَّا بِمَكَّةَ»\n\n٩٩٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَنْ طَافَ\n\n٩٩٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ⦗٢٤٦⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُوَارَزْمِيُّ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مِقْلَاصٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ مَوْلَى عَفْرَاءَ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَامَ فَأَخَذَ بِحَلْقَةِ بَابِ الْكَعْبَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَنْ عَرَفَنِي فَقَدْ عَرَفَنِي، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْنِي فَأَنَا جُنْدُبٌ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ:. . . فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"7","page":245},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-655>الْخُرُوجُ إِلَى الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ</span>\n٩٩٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ الصَّفَا قَالَ: «نَبْدَأُ بِمَا بَدَأَ اللَّهُ بِهِ»، فَبَدَأَ بِالصَّفَا \"\n\n٩٩٥١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَانَ إِذَا وَقَفَ عَلَى الصَّفَا يُكَبِّرُ ثَلَاثًا، وَيَقُولُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَيَدْعُو، وَيَصْنَعُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ \"","vol":"7","page":247},{"text":"٩٩٥٢ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ عَلَى الصَّفَا يَدْعُو، وَيَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ قُلْتُ: ﴿ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ﴾ [غافر: ٦٠]، وَ﴿إِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٩٤]، وَإِنِّي  «أَسْأَلُكَ كَمَا هَدَيْتَنِي إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ أَنْ لَا تَنْزِعَهُ مِنِّي حَتَّى تَتَوَفَّانِي عَلَيْهِ وَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ» ⦗٢٤٨⦘. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ الثَّلَاثَةَ","vol":"7","page":247},{"text":"٩٩٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِلَى الصَّفَا مِنْ بَابِ الصَّفَا، وَيَظْهَرَ فَوْقَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ يُرَى مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ يَسْتَقْبِلَ الْبَيْتَ فَيُكَبِّرَ، فَيَقُولَ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا وَأَوْلَانَا، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، صَدَقَ وَعْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَلَا نَعْبُدُ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ، ثُمَّ يَدْعُو وَيُلَبِّي، ثُمَّ يَعُودُ، فَيَقُولُ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ، حَتَّى يَقُولَهُ ثَلَاثًا، وَيَدْعُو فِيمَا بَيْنَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَتَيْنِ بِمَا بَدَا لَهُ فِي دِينٍ أَوْ دُنْيَا»\n\n٩٩٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بَعْضَ هَذِهِ الْأَلْفَاظِ فِي حَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n٩٩٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ يَنْزِلُ يَمْشِي حَتَّى، إِذَا كَانَ دُونَ الْمِيلِ الْأَخْضَرِ الَّذِي فِي رُكْنِ الْمَسْجِدِ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَذْرُعٍ سَعَى سَعْيًا شَدِيدًا حَتَّى يُحَاذِيَ الْمِيلَيْنِ الْأَخْضَرَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ بِفِنَاءِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَدَارِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، ثُمَّ يَمْشِي حَتَّى يَرْقَى الْمَرْوَةَ جَهْدَهُ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ لَهُ الْبَيْتُ إِنْ بَدَا لَهُ، ثُمَّ يَصْنَعُ عَلَيْهَا مَا صَنَعَ عَلَى الصَّفَا حَتَّى يُكَمِّلَ سَبْعًا، يَبْدَأُ بِالصَّفَا، وَيَخْتِمُ بِالْمَرْوَةِ","vol":"7","page":248},{"text":"٩٩٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا  «نَزَلَ مِنَ الصَّفَا مَشَى حَتَّى إِذَا أَنْصَبَّتْ قَدَمَاهُ فِي بَطْنِ الْوَادِي سَعَى حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنْهُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٩٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «صَعِدَ عَلَى الصَّفَا حَتَّى بَدَا لَهُ الْبَيْتُ»\n\n٩٩٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ","vol":"7","page":249},{"text":"٩٩٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ «إِذَا طَافَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، بَدَأَ بِالصَّفَا فَرَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ لَهُ الْبَيْتُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٩٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ لَمْ يَظْهَرْ عَلَيْهِمَا، وَلَمْ يُكَبِّرْ، وَلَمْ يَدْعُ، وَلَمْ يَسْعَ فِي الْمَسْعَى، فَقَدْ تَرَكَ فَضْلًا، وَلَا إِعَادَةَ، وَلَا فِدْيَةَ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"7","page":249},{"text":"٩٩٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ⦗٢٥٠⦘، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ رَأَى عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ «يَقُومُ فِي حَوْضٍ فِي أَسْفَلِ الصَّفَا، وَلَا يَظْهَرُ عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"7","page":249},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-656>السَّعْيُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ وَاجِبٌ، لَا يُجْزِئُ غَيْرُهُ</span>","vol":"7","page":251},{"text":"٩٩٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ الْعَابِدِيُّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَيْصِنٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ قَالَتْ: أَخْبَرَتْنِي بِنْتُ أَبِي تَجْرَاةَ، إِحْدَى نِسَاءِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ قَالَتْ: دَخَلْتُ مَعَ نِسْوَةٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ دَارَ آلِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ نَنْظُرُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَرَأَيْتُهُ يَسْعَى، وَإِنَّ مِئْزَرَهُ لَيَدُورُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ السَّعْيِ حَتَّى إِنِّي ⦗٢٥٢⦘ لَأَقُولُ: إِنِّي لَأَرَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، وَسَمِعْتُهُ، يَقُولُ: «اسْعَوْا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّعْيَ»\n\n٩٩٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْرُوفِ بْنِ مُشْكَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ صَفِيَّةَ، عَنْ نِسْوَةٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ اللَّاتِي أَدْرَكْنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٩٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْنَا جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الرَّجُلِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا يَقْرَبُ امْرَأَتَهُ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ»","vol":"7","page":251},{"text":"٩٩٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْنَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَدِمَ بِعُمْرَةٍ، فَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَلَمْ يَطُفْ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، أَيَأْتِي امْرَأَتَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: \" قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ سَبْعًا، وَصَلَّى خَلْفَ الْمَقَامِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَطَافَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ سَبْعًا، وَقَالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١]\n⦗٢٥٣⦘ \"\n\n٩٩٦٦ - قَالَ عَمْرٌو: وَسَأَلْنَا جَابِرًا، فَقَالَ: لَا يَقْرَبُهَا حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":252},{"text":"٩٩٦٧ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨]، فَقَدْ رَوَى الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: أَرَأَيْتِ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ؟ فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَجِدُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ جُنَاحًا أَنْ لَا يَطُوفَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «بِئْسَمَا قُلْتَ يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي، إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ لَوْ كَانَتْ عَلَى مَا أَوَّلْتَهَا عَلَيْهِ كَانَتْ، لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَطُوفَ بِهِمَا، وَلَكِنَّهَا إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي الْأَنْصَارِ كَانُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمُوا يُهِلُّونَ لِمَنَاةَ الطَّاغِيَةِ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ عِنْدَ الْمُشَلَّلِ، فَكَانَ مَنْ أَهَلَّ لَهَا يَتَحَرَّجُ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ»، فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمُوا سَأَلُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا كُنَّا \" نَتَحَرَّجُ أَنْ نَطُوفَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: ثُمَّ قَدْ سَنَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الطَّوَافَ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ الطَّوَافَ بِهِمَا \" ⦗٢٥٤⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ،\n\n٩٩٦٨ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ\n\n٩٩٦٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: قَالَتْ: «كَانَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ يُهِلُّونَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لِصَنَمٍ عَلَى شَاطِئِ الْبَحْرِ، ثُمَّ يَجِيئُونَ فَيَطُوفُونَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَيَحْلِقُونَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ كَرِهُوا أَنْ يَطُوفُوا بَيْنَهُمَا لِلَّذِي كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، فَعَادَ النَّاسُ فَطَافُوا» وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْفَرِيقَيْنِ كِلَيْهِمَا","vol":"7","page":253},{"text":"٩٩٧٠ - وَبِمَعْنَى مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، رَوَاهُ الْكَلْبِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَى الصَّفَا صَنَمٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: إِسَافٌ، وَعَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ صَنَمٌ يُقَالَ لَهُ: نَائِلَةُ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِذَا طَافُوا بَيْنَهُمَا مَسَحُوهُمَا، فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ كَرِهُوا الطَّوَافَ بَيْنَهُمَا لِمَكَانِ الصَّنَمَيْنِ، لِمَا كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨] \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَدُ بْنُ مُجَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٩٩٧١ - قَالَ وحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: \" ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا﴾، فَنَسَخَتْهَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَرْغَبُ عَنْ مِلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٣٠]، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَرْغَبُ عَنْ مِلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٣٠]، يَعْنِي: دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٣٠]، طَافُوا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، يَعْنِي هُمَا مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمَنَاسِكِ، ﴿فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ، فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨]، يَعْنِي لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ، ﴿أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨]، الْفَرِيضَةُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨]، فَزَادَ فِي الطَّوَافِ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ بَعْدَ الْوَاجِبِ، ﴿فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨] يَقْبَلُهُ مَنًّا عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَا نَوَوْا \" ⦗٢٥٦⦘،\n\n٩٩٧٢ - هَذِهِ الْقِرَاءَةُ الشَّاذَّةُ قَدْ رَوَاهَا غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَهَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ الَّتِي رَوَاهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ إِنْ صَحَّتْ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ فِيهِ صَارَ إِلَى الْوجُوبِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعْتَقِدُ كَوْنَهُ فَرِيضَةً، وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ مِنَ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ فِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٩٩٧٣ - وَرَوَى السُّدِّيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، بِقَرِيبٍ مِنْ مَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ الْكَلْبِيِّ","vol":"7","page":255},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-657>الطَّوَافُ رَاكِبًا</span>","vol":"7","page":257},{"text":"٩٩٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ بِمِحْجَنِهِ»،\n\n٩٩٧٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: يَسْتَلِمُ الرُّكْنَ بِمِحْجَنِهِ ⦗٢٥٨⦘،\n\n٩٩٧٦ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ قَالَ: طَافَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ يَسْتَلِمُ الرُّكْنَ بِمِحْجَنٍ،\n\n٩٩٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِهِ","vol":"7","page":257},{"text":"٩٩٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ورَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ وَهُوَ يَشْتَكِي فَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ»\n\n٩٩٧٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَثُرَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ، يَقُولُونَ: هَذَا مُحَمَّدٌ حَتَّى خَرَجَتِ الْعَوَاتِقُ مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" لَا يُضْرَبُ النَّاسُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا كَثُرَ عَلَيْهِ، رَكِبَ - يَعْنِي فِي الطَّوَافِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ - قَالَ: وَالْمَشْيُ وَالسَّعْيُ أَفْضَلُ ⦗٢٥٩⦘،\n\n٩٩٨٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: فَطَافَ يَعْنِي بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لِيَسْمَعُوا كَلَامَهُ، وَيَرَوْا مَكَانَهُ، وَلَا تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيهِمْ \"\n\n٩٩٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «طَافَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ حَوْلَ الْكَعْبَةِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَنْهُ النَّاسُ»\n\n٩٩٨٢ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُمَا قَالَهُ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"7","page":258},{"text":"٩٩٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ، يَقُولُ:  «طَافَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، بِالْبَيْتِ وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، لِيَرَاهُ النَّاسُ، وَلِيُشْرِفَ لَهُمْ إِنَّ النَّاسَ غَشُوهُ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَأَخْرَجَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، الرِّوَايَةَ الْأُولَى، وَحَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n٩٩٨٤ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى ضَعْفِ مَا رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ\n\n٩٩٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: طَافَ مِنْ شَكْوَى ⦗٢٦٠⦘ وَلَا يَدْرِي عَنْ مَنْ قَبْلَهُ، وَقَوْلُ جَابِرٍ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ","vol":"7","page":259},{"text":"٩٩٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ رَاكِبًا، فَقُلْتُ: وَلِمَ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ: ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ\n\n٩٩٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَمَّا سَعْيُهُ الَّذِي طَافَهُ لِمَقْدَمِهِ فَعَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّ جَابِرًا الْمَحْكِيَّ عَنْهُ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ رَمَلَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْوَاطٍ، وَمَشَى أَرْبَعَةً، فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَابِرٌ يَحْكِي عَنْهُ الطَّوَافَ مَاشِيًا وَرَاكِبًا فِي سَبْعٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَقَدْ حُفِظَ أَنَّ سَعْيَهُ الَّذِي رَكِبَ فِيهِ فِي طَوَافِهِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي","vol":"7","page":260},{"text":"٩٩٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يُهَجِّرُوا بِالْإِفَاضَةِ، وَأَفَاضَ فِي نِسَائِهِ لَيْلًا عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، يَسْتَلِمُ الرُّكْنَ بِمِحْجَنِهِ، وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: وَيُقَبِّلُ طَرَفَ الْمِحْجَنِ \"\n\n٩٩٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ طَافَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ رَاكِبًا، فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي سَعْيِهِ بَعْدَ طَوَافِ الْقُدُومِ، فَأَمَّا بَعْدَ طَوَافِ الْإِفَاضَةِ فَلَمْ يُحْفَظْ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ طَافَ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الْآثَارِ أَنَّهُ طَافَ طَوَافَ الْقُدُومِ مَاشِيًا، وَسَعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ فِي بَعْضِ أَعْدَادِهِ مَاشِيًا، فَلَمَّا كَثُرَ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٢٦١⦘ النَّاسُ رَكِبَ فِي بَاقِيهِ نَاقَتَهَ، ثُمَّ طَافَ طَوَافَ الْإِفَاضَةِ، طَافَهُ بِالْبَيْتِ رَاكِبًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":260},{"text":"٩٩٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَحْوَصِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ  «يَطُوفُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ عَلَى حِمَارٍ»","vol":"7","page":261},{"text":"٩٩٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: شَكَوْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِّي أَشْتَكِي، فَقَالَ: «طُوفِي مِنْ وَرَاءِ النَّاسِ وَأَنْتِ رَاكِبَةٌ». قَالَتْ: فَطُفْتُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَئِذٍ يُصَلِّي إِلَى جَنْبِ الْبَيْتِ، وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ: وَالطُّورِ وَكِتَابٍ مَسْطُورٍ، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":261},{"text":"٩٩٩٢ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ ⦗٢٦٢⦘ عُرْوَةَ: أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، كَانَ إِذَا رَآهُمْ يَطُوفُونَ عَلَى الدَّوَابِّ وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ، وَنَحْنُ مَعَهُ يَنْهَاهُمْ أَشَدَّ النَّهْيِ، فَيَعْتَلُّونَ لَهُ بِالْمَرَضِ حَيَاءً مِنْهُ. فَيَقُولُ لَنَا فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ: «لَقَدْ خَابَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَخَسِرُوا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٩٩٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي تَرَكُوا مَوْضُوعَ الْفَضْلِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ لَا يُجْزِئُهُمْ، لَقَالَ لَهُمْ: لَا يُجْزِئُكُمْ، وَقَدْ طَافَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا: رُكْبَانًا","vol":"7","page":261},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-658>مَا يَفْعَلُ الْمَرْءُ بَعْدَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ </span>⦗٢٦٤⦘\n٩٩٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: فَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْتَمِرًا، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ نَحَرَ وَحَلَقَ، أَوْ قَصَّرَ، وَالْحَلْقُ أَفْضَلُ وَقَدْ فَرَغَ مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ","vol":"7","page":263},{"text":"٩٩٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمِ الْمُحَلِّقِينَ». قَالُوا: وَالْمُقَصِّرِينَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمِ الْمُحَلِّقِينَ»، قَالُوا: وَالْمُقَصِّرِينَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «وَالْمُقَصِّرِينَ» ⦗٢٦٥⦘\n\n٩٩٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمُعَدِّلُ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ غَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":264},{"text":"٩٩٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْأَزْدِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ لِلْحَالِقِ: «يَا غُلَامُ ابْلُغِ الْعَظْمَ»\n\n٩٩٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهُوَ هَذَا الْعَظْمُ الَّذِي عِنْدَ مُنْقَطِعِ الصُّدْغَيْنِ\n\n٩٩٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا قَصَّرَ أَخَذَ مِنْ جَانِبِهِ الْأَيْمَنِ قَبْلَ جَانِبِهِ الْأَيْسَرِ","vol":"7","page":265},{"text":"١٠٠٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي حَجَّامٌ، أَنَّهُ قَصَّرَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ:  «ابْدَأْ بِالشِّقِّ الْأَيْمَنِ»\n\n١٠٠٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهَكَذَا نُحِبُّ إِذَا حَلَقَ أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِالشِّقِّ الْأَيْمَنِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ نُسُكٌ، اقْتِدَاءً بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، كَانَ يُحِبُّ التَّيَامُنَ فِي أَمْرِهِ كُلِّهِ\n\n١٠٠٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ لِلْحَلَّاقِ: «خُذْ»، وَأَشَارَ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ الْأَيْمَنِ، ثُمَّ الْأَيْسَرِ","vol":"7","page":266},{"text":"١٠٠٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: «أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ إِذَا حَلَقَ فِي حَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ، أَخَذَ مِنْ لِحْيَتِهِ وَشَارِبِهِ»\n\n١٠٠٠٤ - وَهَذَا أَوْرَدَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْإِلْزَامِ فِيمَا خَالَفَ فِيهِ أَصْحَابَ مَالِكِ بْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٠٠٠٥ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: وَأَظْفَارِهِ،\n\n١٠٠٠٦ - وَاسْتَحَبَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ شَعَرٌ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ شَعَرِ ⦗٢٦٧⦘ لِحْيَتِهِ وَشَارِبَيْهِ لَيَضَعَ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ شَيْئًا لِلَّهِ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِلَازِمٍ؛ لِأَنَّ النُّسُكَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي الرَّأْسِ لَا فِي الْوَجْهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿مُحَلِّقِينَ رُءُوسَكُمْ وَمُقَصِّرِينَ﴾\n\n١٠٠٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْآيَةِ\n\n١٠٠٠٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: فِي الْأَصْلَعِ يُمِرُّ الْمُوسَى عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ مَرْفُوعًا الْبَتَّةَ\n\n١٠٠٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ حَلْقٌ، وَإِنَّمَا عَلَى النِّسَاءِ التَّقْصِيرُ»","vol":"7","page":266},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-659>لَا يَقْطَعُ الْمُعْتَمِرُ التَّلْبِيَةَ حَتَّى يَفْتَتِحَ الطَّوَافَ</span>","vol":"7","page":268},{"text":"١٠٠١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْمُعْتَمِرِ:  «يُلَبِّي حَتَّى يَسْتَلِمَ الرُّكْنَ»","vol":"7","page":268},{"text":"١٠٠١١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «يُلَبِّي الْمُعْتَمِرُ حَتَّى يَفْتَتِحَ الطَّوَافَ مُسْتَلِمًا أَوْ غَيْرَ مُسْتَلِمٍ»\n\n١٠٠١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَبَّى فِي عُمْرَةٍ حَتَّى اسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ \"، وَلَكِنَّا هِبْنَا رِوَايَتَهُ الْأُولَى لِأَنَّا وَجَدْنَا حُفَّاظَ الْمَكِّيِّينَ يَقِفُونَهُ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n١٠٠١٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ زُهَيْرٌ، وهُشَيْمٌ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى مَرْفُوعًا، وَرَفْعُهُ خَطَأٌ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى كَثِيرَ الْوَهْمِ، وَخَاصَّةً إِذَا رَوَى عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فَيُخْطِئُ كَثِيرًا، وَلِأَجْلِ ذَلِكَ ضَعَّفُوهُ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ مَعَ كِبَرِ مَحِلِّهِ فِي الْفِقْهِ","vol":"7","page":268},{"text":"١٠٠١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يُلَبِّي الْمُعْتَمِرُ حَتَّى يَسْتَلِمَ الْحَجَرَ»\n\n١٠٠١٥ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَوْقُوفًا","vol":"7","page":269},{"text":"١٠٠١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّهُ لَبَّى عَلَى الصَّفَا فِي عُمْرَةٍ بَعْدَمَا طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ»\n\n١٠٠١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا وَلَا أَحَدَ مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلِمْنَاهُ إِنَّمَا اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ عِنْدَنَا، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ: يَقْطَعُ التَّلْبِيَةَ فِي الْعُمْرَةِ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْحَرَمَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: إِذَا اسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ. وَهُوَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَيَقُولُونَ هُمْ أَيْضًا، وَأَمَّا بَعْدَ الطَّوَافِ بِالْبَيْتِ فَلَا يُلَبِّي أَحَدٌ،\n\n١٠٠١٨ - أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا لِلْعَرَاقِيِّينَ فِيمَا خَالَفُوا فِيهِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"7","page":269},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-660>بَابُ يُقِيمُ الْقَارِنُ، وَالْمُفْرِدُ عَلَى إِحْرَامِهِمَا حَتَّى يَفْرَغَا مِنَ الْحَجِّ، وَمَا يَكْفِي الْقَارِنَ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ</span>","vol":"7","page":270},{"text":"١٠٠١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، فَأَهْلَلْنَا بِعُمْرَةٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ فَلْيُهْلِلْ بِالْحَجِّ مَعَ الْعُمْرَةِ، ثُمَّ لَا يُحِلُّ حَتَّى يُحِلَّ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا» قَالَتْ: فَقَدِمْتُ مَكَّةَ وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ لَمْ أَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَلَا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَشَكَوْتُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «انْقُضِي رَأْسَكِ وَامْتَشِطِي وَأَهِلِّي بِالْحَجِّ، وَدَعِي الْعُمْرَةَ» قَالَتْ: فَفَعَلْتُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَيْتُ الْحَجَّ أَرْسَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ إِلَى التَّنْعِيمِ فَاعْتَمَرْتُ قَالَ: «هَذِهِ مَكَانُ عُمْرَتِكِ» قَالَتْ: فَطَافَ الَّذِينَ أَهَلُّوا بِالْعُمْرَةِ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ حَلُّوا، ثُمَّ طَافُوا طَوَافًا آخَرَ بَعْدَ أَنْ رَجَعُوا مِنْ مِنًى لِحَجَّتِهِمْ. وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ أَهَلُّوا بِالْحَجِّ أَوْ جَمَعُوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ، فَإِنَّمَا طَافُوا طَوَافًا وَاحِدًا ⦗٢٧١⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٠٠٢٠ - وَلَفْظُ الَّذِينَ أَهَلُّوا بِالْحَجِّ سَقَطَ مِنْ بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالُوا: وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَانُوا جَمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ، وَقَدْ حَفِظَهُمَا جَمِيعًا الشَّافِعِيُّ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرِ وَغَيْرُهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٠٠٢١ - وَالْمُرَادُ بِهَذَا الطَّوَافِ، السَّعْيُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ","vol":"7","page":270},{"text":"وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «لَمْ يَطُفِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَلَا أَصْحَابُهُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ إِلَّا طَوَافًا وَاحِدًا، طَوَافَهُ الْأَوَّلَ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ\n\n١٠٠٢٢ - وَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَصْحِيحَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ بِهَذَا الْجَمْعِ جَمْعَ مُتْعَةٍ، لَا جَمْعَ قِرَانٍ قَالَتْ: فَإِنَّمَا طَافُوا طَوَافًا وَاحِدًا أَيْ فِي حَجَّتِهِمْ؛ لِأَنَّ حَجَّتَهُمْ كَانَتْ مَكِّيَّةً، وَالْحَجَّةُ الْمَكِّيَّةُ لَا يُطَافُ لَهَا قَبْلَ عَرَفَةَ. وَكَيْفَ اسْتَخَارَ لِدِينِهِ أَنْ يَقُولَ مِثْلَ هَذَا، وَفِي حَدِيثِهَا أَنَّهَا أَفْرَدَتْ مَنْ جَمْعٍ بَيْنَهُمَا جَمْعُ مُتْعَةٍ أَوَّلًا بِالذِّكْرِ، فَذَكَرَتْ كَيْفَ طَافُوا فِي عُمْرَتِهِمْ، ثُمَّ كَيْفَ طَافُوا فِي حَجَّتِهِمْ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا الْمُفْرِدُونَ وَالْقَارِنُونَ، فَجَمَعَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الذِّكْرِ، وَأَخْبَرَتْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا طَافُوا طَوَافًا وَاحِدًا، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَتْ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ مَعَ ⦗٢٧٢⦘ كَوْنِهِ مَعْقُولًا. وَلَوِ اقْتَصَرَتْ عَلَى اللَّفْظَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ لَمْ يَجُزْ حَمْلُهَا أَيْضًا عَلَى مَا ذُكِرَ لِأَنَّهَا تَقْتَضِي اقْتِصَارًا عَلَى طَوَافٍ وَاحِدٍ لِكُلِّ مَا حَصَلَ بِهِ الْجَمْعُ، وَالْجَمْعُ إِنَّمَا حَصَلَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ وَالْحَجِّ جَمِيعًا، فَيَقْتَضِي اقْتِصَارًا عَلَى طَوَافٍ وَاحِدٍ لَهُمَا جَمِيعًا، لَا أَحَدِهِمَا، وَالْمُتَمَتِّعُ لَا يَقْتَصِرُ عَلَى طَوَافٍ وَاحِدٍ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ، دَلَّ أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ بِهَذَا الْجَمْعِ جَمْعَ قِرَانٍ، وَهَذَا أَبْيَنُ فِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ مِنْ أَنْ يُمْكِنَ تَلْبِيسُهُ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْكَلَامِ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ","vol":"7","page":271},{"text":"١٠٠٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَائِشَةَ:  «طَوَافُكِ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ يَكْفِيكِ لِحَجِّكِ وَعُمْرَتِكِ»\n\n١٠٠٢٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلُهُ، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَائِشَةَ","vol":"7","page":272},{"text":"١٠٠٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا حَاضَتْ بِسَرِفَ، وَطَهُرَتْ بِعَرَفَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يُجْزِئُ عَنْكِ طَوَافُكِ بِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، عَنْ حَجَّتِكِ وَعُمْرَتِكِ». وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٠٠٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَاكِهِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٢٧٣⦘ أَبُو يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي مَسَرَّةَ حَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يُجْزِئُكِ طَوَافٌ وَاحِدٌ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ لِحَجِّكِ وَعُمْرَتِكِ\n\n١٠٠٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَكْفِي طَوَافٌ وَاحِدٌ عَنِ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ، وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ لَمْ تَخْرُجْ عَنْ عُمْرَتِهَا، وَإِنَّمَا أَدْخَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْحَجَّ فَصَارَتْ قَارِنَةً\n\n١٠٠٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ","vol":"7","page":272},{"text":"١٠٠٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: أَقْبَلْنَا مُهِلِّينَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحَجِّ مُفْرَدًا، وَأَقْبَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ مُهِلَّةً بِعُمْرَةٍ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتْ بِسَرِفَ عَرَكَتْ، حَتَّى إِذَا قَدِمْنَا طُفْنَا بِالْكَعْبَةِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَأَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُحِلَّ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ قَالَ: فَقُلْنَا: حِلُّ مَاذَا؟ قَالَ: «الْحِلُّ كُلُّهُ»، فَوَاقَعْنَا النِّسَاءَ، وَتَطَيَّبْنَا بِالطِّيبِ، وَلَبِسْنَا ثِيَابَنَا، وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ عَرَفَةَ إِلَّا أَرْبَعُ لَيَالٍ، ثُمَّ أَهْلَلْنَا يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَوَجَدَهَا تَبْكِي، فَقَالَ: «وَمَا شَأْنُكِ»، فَقَالَتْ: شَأْنِي أَنِّي قَدْ حِضْتُ، وَقَدْ حَلَّ النَّاسُ وَلَمْ أُحْلِلْ، وَلَمْ أَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ وَالنَّاسُ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى الْحَجِّ الْآنَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ كَتَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَنَاتِ آدَمَ، فَاغْتَسِلِي ثُمَّ أَهِلِّي بِالْحَجِّ». فَفَعَلَتْ، وَوَقَفَتِ الْمَوَاقِفَ، حَتَّى إِذَا طَهُرَتْ طَافَتْ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «قَدْ حَلَلْتِ مِنْ حَجِّكِ وَعُمْرَتِكِ جَمِيعًا». فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي أَنِّي لَمْ أَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ حِينَ حَجَجْتُ، فَقَالَ: «اذْهَبْ بِهَا يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَأَعْمِرْهَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ»، وَذَلِكَ لَيْلَةَ الْحَصْبَةِ ⦗٢٧٤⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.\n\n١٠٠٣٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مَطَرٌ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا سَهْلًا، إِذَا هَوِيَتِ الْمَشْيَ تَابَعَهَا","vol":"7","page":273},{"text":"١٠٠٣١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: فَإِنْ ذَهَبَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ اعْتَمَرَتْ مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَوْ كَانَتْ عُمْرَتُهَا فَائِتَةً كَانَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَقْضِيَهَا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَهَلَّتْ بِهَا مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، لَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ، وَلَكِنَّهَا قَالَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ قَالَ لَهَا: «طَوَافُكِ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ يَكْفِيكِ لِحَجِّكِ وَعُمْرَتِكِ»، إِنِّي أَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي أَنِّي لَمْ أَطُفْ قَبْلَ عَرَفَةَ، وَطَافَ نِسَاؤُكَ، وَأَكْثَرَتِ التَّرْدِيدَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخَاهَا أَنْ يُعْمِرَهَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ\n\n١٠٠٣٢ - ذَكَرَ هَذَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، أَنَّهُمَا حَكَيَاهُ عَلَى مَعْنَى مَا ذَكَرْتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَعَائِشَةَ ﵂","vol":"7","page":274},{"text":"١٠٠٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ مَوْصُولًا: أَنَّهَا أَهَلَّتْ بِعُمْرَةٍ فَقَدِمَتْ، وَلَمْ تَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ حَتَّى حَاضَتْ، فَنَسَكَتِ الْمَنَاسِكَ كُلَّهَا، وَقَدْ أَهَلَّتْ بِالْحَجِّ، فَقَالَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَ النَّفْرِ: «يَسَعُكِ طَوَافُكِ لِحَجِّكِ وَعُمْرَتِكِ»، فَأَبَتْ، فَبَعَثَ بِهَا مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِلَى التَّنْعِيمِ، فَاعْتَمَرَتْ بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ ⦗٢٧٥⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا وهَيْبٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ","vol":"7","page":274},{"text":"١٠٠٣٤ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: أَهْلَلْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ فَكُنْتُ مِمَّنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ، وَلَمْ أَسُقِ الْهَدْيَ، فَزَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا حَاضَتْ، وَلَمْ تَطْهُرْ حَتَّى دَخَلَتْ عَرَفَةَ قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ، وَلَمْ أَطْهُرْ بَعْدُ، وَإِنَّمَا كُنْتُ تَمَتَّعْتُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «انْقُضِي رَأْسَكِ وَامْتَشِطِي وَأَهِلِّي بِالْحَجِّ، وَأَمْسِكِي عَنْ عُمْرَتِكِ». فَفَعَلْتُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا، وَنَفَرَ النَّاسُ، أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَأَعْمَرَنِي مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ مَكَانَ عُمْرَتِي الَّتِي نَسَكْتُ عَنْهَا\n\n١٠٠٣٥ - فَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَهَا: «أَهِلِّي بِالْحَجِّ، وَأَمْسِكِي عَنْ عُمْرَتِكِ»، لَا تَعْمَلِي لَهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، لَوْ قَالَ: اتْرُكِيهَا، كَانَ مَعْنَاهُ عِنْدَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ اتْرُكِي الْعَمَلَ لَهَا\n\n١٠٠٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا بِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الدَّلَائِلِ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ حَمْلَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ عَلَى مَا حَمَلَهَا عَلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَتَّى يَسْتَقِيمَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهَا فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَا يَتَضَادُّ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ\n\n١٠٠٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ⦗٢٧٦⦘ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ قَرَنَ فَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ سَبْعًا، وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ سَبْعًا، لَمْ يُرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَرَأَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ»","vol":"7","page":275},{"text":"١٠٠٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح قَالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، خَرَجَ فِي الْفِتْنَةِ مُعْتَمِرًا، وَقَالَ: إِنْ صُدِدْتُ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ، صَنَعْنَا كَمَا صَنَعْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَخَرَجَ فَأَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَسَارَ حَتَّى إِذَا ظَهَرَ عَلَى الْبَيْدَاءِ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَمْرُهُمَا إِلَّا وَاحِدٌ، أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ أَوْجَبْتُ الْحَجَّ مَعَ الْعُمْرَةِ، فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ الْبَيْتَ طَافَ بِهِ سَبْعًا، وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ سَبْعًا، لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهِ، وَرَأَى أَنَّهُ مُجْزِئٌ عَنْهُ وَأَهْدَى \" ⦗٢٧٧⦘. لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى\n\n١٠٠٣٩ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ قَالَ: وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ كَفَاهُ طَوَافٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَلَمْ يُحِلَّ حَتَّى يُحِلَّ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا»،\n\n١٠٠٤٠ - وَهَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ صَحِيحٌ ثَابِتٌ\n\n١٠٠٤١ - ورَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ نَافِع، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةَ. وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا عَنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ كِفَايَةٌ","vol":"7","page":276},{"text":"١٠٠٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ صَاعِدٍ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ أَجْزَأَهُ طَوَافٌ وَسَعْيٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَلَا يُحِلُّ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا حَتَّى يُحِلَّ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا»\n\n١٠٠٤٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا بِمَا رُوِّينَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «دَخَلَتِ الْعُمْرَةُ فِي الْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ» ⦗٢٧٨⦘\n\n١٠٠٤٤ - وَقَالُوا: مَعْنَاهُ دَخَلَتْ فِي أَجْزَاءِ أَفْعَالِ الْحَجِّ، فَاتَّحَدَتَا فِي الْعَمَلِ كَمَا اتَّحَدَتَا فِي الْإِحْرَامِ\n\n١٠٠٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ فِي الْقَارِنِ: «يَطُوفُ طَوَافَيْنِ، وَيَسْعَى سَعْيًا»\n\n١٠٠٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا عَلَى مَعْنَى قَوْلِنَا يَعْنِي يَطُوفُ حِينَ يَقْدِمُ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَبِالْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ لِلزِّيَارَةِ\n\n١٠٠٤٧ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي الْقَارِنِ: عَلَيْهِ طَوَافَانِ وَسَعْيَانِ، وَاحْتَجَّ فِيهِ بِرِوَايَةٍ ضَعِيفَةٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وجَعْفَرٌ، يَرْوِي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَوْلَنَا\n\n١٠٠٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الطَّوَافَيْنِ: حَدِيثُ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي نَصْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي حَدِيثٍ ذَكَرَهُ، ثُمَّ يُحْرِمُ لَهُمَا، وَيَطُوفُ لَهُمَا طَوَافَيْنِ. هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ،\n\n١٠٠٤٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَشُعْبَةُ،\n\n١٠٠٥٠ - وَبَعْضُهُمْ قَالَ: عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُمُ السَّعْيَ ⦗٢٧٩⦘،\n\n١٠٠٥١ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذِكْرُ السَّعْيِ فِيهِ غَيْرَ مَحْفُوظٍ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْنَاهُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ جَعْفَرٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠٠٥٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي نَصْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «الْقَارِنُ يَطُوفُ طَوَافَيْنِ»\n\n١٠٠٥٣ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَلَا يَصِحُّ، وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: لَا يَثْبُتُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، خِلَافُ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي نَصْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ، مَعَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا، كَانَ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْلَى\n\n١٠٠٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الْخُطْبَةُ يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ وَجْهٍ،\n\n١٠٠٥٥ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فِي الْحَجَّةِ الَّتِي أَمَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَيْهَا","vol":"7","page":277},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-661>الْخُرُوجُ إِلَى مِنًى يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ، ثُمَّ الْغُدُوُّ مِنْهَا لِيَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ</span>","vol":"7","page":280},{"text":"١٠٠٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: «أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ،» كَانَ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ، وَالصُّبْحَ بِمِنًى، ثُمَّ يَغْدُو مِنْ مِنًى إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ إِلَى عَرَفَةَ \" لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ\n\n١٠٠٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، رَاحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ، فَأَتَى مِنًى فَصَلَّى بِهَا الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ، ثُمَّ غَدَا إِلَى عَرَفَةَ، فَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ: حِينَ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى ثَبِيرٍ، وَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ: حِينَ أَسْفَرَ","vol":"7","page":280},{"text":"١٠٠٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: ثُمَّ حَلَّ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ وَقَصَّرُوا إِلَّا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ التَّرْوِيَةِ، وَوَجَّهُوا إِلَى مِنًى أَهَلُّوا بِالْحَجِّ،  «وَرَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِمِنًى الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ وَالصُّبْحَ، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ قَلِيلًا حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَأَمَرَ بِقُبَّةٍ مِنْ شَعَرٍ فَضُرِبَتْ لَهُ بِنَمِرَةَ، فَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْوَرَّاقُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":281},{"text":"١٠٠٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ رَأَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ:  «يَأْتِي عَرَفَةَ بِسَحَرٍ»","vol":"7","page":281},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-662>التَّلْبِيَةُ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ</span>","vol":"7","page":282},{"text":"١٠٠٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، وَهُمَا غَادِيَانِ مِنْ مِنًى إِلَى عَرَفَةَ: كَيْفَ كُنْتُمْ تَصْنَعُونَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: \" كَانَ يُهِلُّ الْمُهِلُّ مِنَّا فَلَا يُنْكِرُ عَلَيْهِ، وَيُكَبِّرُ الْمُكَبِّرُ مِنَّا فَلَا يُنْكِرُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٢٨٣⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":282},{"text":"١٠٠٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يَفْعَلُونَهُ، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنُكَبِّرُ»","vol":"7","page":283},{"text":"١٠٠٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعِ أَنَّ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: كَانَ يَقْطَعُ التَّلْبِيَةَ فِي الْحَجِّ انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ، وَتَمَامُهُ كَانَ يَقْطَعُ التَّلْبِيَةَ فِي الْحَجِّ إِذَا انْتَهَى إِلَى الْحَرَمِ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى يَغْدُوَ مِنْ مِنًى إِلَى عَرَفَةَ، فَإِذَا غَدَا تَرَكَ التَّلْبِيَةَ، وَكَانَ يَتْرُكُ التَّلْبِيَةَ فِي الْعُمْرَةِ إِذَا انْتَهَى إِلَى الْحَرَمِ وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٠٠٦٣ - وَقَدْ رَغِبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي الْعُمْرَةِ بِمَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَرَغِبَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي الْحَجِّ بِمَا مَضَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":283},{"text":"١٠٠٦٤ - وَبِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْدَفَهُ مِنْ جَمْعٍ إِلَى مِنًى، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٠٠٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"7","page":284},{"text":"١٠٠٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ مُدْرِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «وَنَحْنُ بِجَمْعٍ سَمِعْتُ الَّذِيَ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ، يَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الْمَقَامِ» لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ \". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي قِصَّةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ: «أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْطَعِ التَّلْبِيَةَ حَتَّى رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ»","vol":"7","page":284},{"text":"١٠٠٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَيُلَبِّي الْإِمَامُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ. حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي بِذَلِكَ الشَّيْخُ الَّذِي كَانَ يُكْثِرُ الْحَجَّ، يَعْنِي عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ صَعِدَ إِلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ بِعَرَفَةَ، فَقَالَ: مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تُلَبِّيَ، فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ كَانَ يُلَبِّي عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ؟ فَلَبَّى ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"7","page":285},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-663>خُطْبَةُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، وَالْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ بِأَذَانٍ وَإِقَامَتَيْنِ</span>","vol":"7","page":286},{"text":"١٠٠٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ: «فَرَاحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَوْقِفِ بِعَرَفَةَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ الْخُطْبَةَ الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، فَفَرَغَ مِنَ الْخُطْبَةِ وَبِلَالٌ مِنَ الْأَذَانِ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ بِلَالٌ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ»\n\n١٠٠٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا التَّفْصِيلُ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ بِلَالٍ بِالْأَذَانِ، وَأَخْذِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، فَفَرَغَ مِنَ الْخُطْبَةِ وَبِلَالٌ مِنَ الْأَذَانِ مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى ⦗٢٨٧⦘، وَمَعْنَاهُ مَوْجُودٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ ذَكَرَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ رُكُوبَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْدَمَا زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَخُطْبَتَهُ قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا","vol":"7","page":286},{"text":"١٠٠٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَطَّارِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: «أَنَّ هِشَامًا جَهَرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةَ بِعَرَفَةَ، فَسَبَّحَ بِهِ سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَسَكَتَ»","vol":"7","page":287},{"text":"١٠٠٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَنَاقَ قَالَ: «وَافَقَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَوَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِفِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَرُوحُوا إِلَى مِنًى، وَرَاحَ فَصَلَّى بِمِنًى الظُّهْرَ»\n\n١٠٠٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ\n\n١٠٠٧٣ - وَحَدِيثُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: أَنَّ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَافَقَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعَرَفَاتٍ حَدِيثٌ مَوْصُولٌ ثَابِتٌ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى مِنْ هَذَا\n\n١٠٠٧٤ - وَفِي جَامِعِ الثَّوْرِيِّ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا، إِذَا فَاتَهُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ الظُّهْرُ وَالْعَصْرُ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ»\n\n١٠٠٧٥ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «إِنْ فَاتَهُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَإِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ»\n\n١٠٠٧٦ - وَحَكَاهُ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"7","page":287},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-664>الْوقُوفُ بِعَرَفَاتٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":288},{"text":"١٠٠٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ فِيمَا أُخُبِرْتُ عَنْهُ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: قَالَ لِي الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٩] قَالَ: \" كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَقَبَائِلُ مَعَهَا لَا يَقِفُونَ فِي عَرَفَاتٍ، وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: نَحْنُ الْحُمْسُ لَمْ نُسْبَ قَطُّ، وَلَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَلَيْسَ نُفَارِقُ الْحَرَمَ، وَكَانَ سَائِرُ النَّاسِ يَقِفُونَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ، فَأَمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَقِفُوا مَعَ النَّاسِ بِعَرَفَةَ \" ⦗٢٨٩⦘\n\n١٠٠٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى، بَعْضِ هَذَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"7","page":288},{"text":"١٠٠٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: ذَهَبْتُ أَطْلُبُ بَعِيرًا لِي يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، فَخَرَجْتُ، فَإِذَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعَرَفَةَ مَعَ النَّاسِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ هَذَا مِنَ الْحُمْسِ فَمَا لَهُ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ؟ يَعْنِي بِالْحُمْسِ قُرَيْشًا وَكَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَقِفُ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ، وَتَقُولُ: «نَحْنُ الْحُمْسُ لَا نُجَاوِزُ الْحَرَمَ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"7","page":289},{"text":"١٠٠٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ عَمْرَو بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ، عَنْ خَالٍ لَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: يَزِيدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي مَوْقِفٍ لَنَا بِعَرَفَةَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: يُبَاعِدُهُ عَمْرٌو مِنْ مَوْقِفِ الْإِمَامِ جِدًّا فَأَتَانَا ابْنُ مِرْبَعٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، فَقَالَ ⦗٢٩٠⦘ لَنَا: «إِنِّي رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْكُمْ، يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَقِفُوا عَلَى مَشَاعِرِكُمْ هَذِهِ، فَإِنَّكُمْ عَلَى إِرْثٍ مِنْ إِرْثِ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇»\n\n١٠٠٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ عَرَفَةَ مَوْقِفٌ. وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَقَفْتُ هَا هُنَا وَعَرَفَةُ كُلُّهَا مَوْقِفٌ»\n\n١٠٠٨٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ: وَارْتَفِعُوا عَنْ عَرَفَةَ\n\n١٠٠٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَرَفَةَ عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ، فَأُحِبُّ لِمَنْ كَانَ رَاكِبًا أَنْ يَقِفَ رَاكِبًا، وَلِمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ أَنْ يَقِفَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ قَائِمًا، وَيَرُوحَ إِلَى الْمَوْقِفِ عِنْدَ مَوْقِفِ الْإِمَامِ عِنْدَ الصَّخَرَاتِ، ثُمَّ يَسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ فَيَدْعُوَ حَتَّى اللَّيْلِ، وَيَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ النَّاسُ، وَحَيْثُمَا وَقَفَ النَّاسُ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ أَجْزَأَهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «هَذَا الْمَوْقِفُ وَكُلُّ عَرَفَةَ مَوْقِفٌ»\n\n١٠٠٨٤ - قَالَ: وَتَرْكُ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ لِلْحَاجِّ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ صَوْمِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَرَكَ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، وَالْخَيْرُ فِي كُلِّ مَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٠٠٨٥ - قَالَ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَلِأَنَّ الْفِطْرَ أَقْوَى عَلَى الدُّعَاءِ مِنَ الصِّيَامِ وَأَفْضَلُ الدُّعَاءِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ ⦗٢٩١⦘\n\n١٠٠٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كُرَيْزٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا: \" أَفْضَلُ الدُّعَاءِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، وَأَفْضَلُ مَا قُلْتُ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ قَبْلِي: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ \"","vol":"7","page":289},{"text":"١٠٠٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلِيًّا عَنِ الْغُسْلِ، فَقَالَ: اغْتَسِلْ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ إِنْ شِئْتَ، فَقَالَ: لَا، الْغُسْلُ الَّذِي هُوَ الْغُسْلُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنْ شِئْتَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَيَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ وَيَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، وَيَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ»","vol":"7","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-665>الدَّفْعُ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ بَعْدَ مَغِيبِ الشَّمْسِ</span>","vol":"7","page":292},{"text":"١٠٠٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «أَفَاضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ، فَلَمَّا افْتَرَقَتْ لَهُ الطَّرِيقَانِ، طَرِيقُ ضَبٍّ، وَطَرِيقُ الْمَأْزِمَيْنِ، سَلَكَ طَرِيقَ الْمَأْزِمَيْنِ وَهِيَ الَّتِي أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَسْلُكَ الْحَاجُّ، وَهِيَ طَرِيقُ الْأَئِمَّةِ مُنْذُ كَانُوا»","vol":"7","page":292},{"text":"١٠٠٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا النَّصْرُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، كَذَا قَالَ: وَالصَّوَابُ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَأَنَا جَالِسٌ مَعَهُ: كَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسِيرُ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ حِينَ دَفَعَ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ يَسِيرُ الْعَنَقَ، فَإِذَا وَجَدَ فَجْوَةً نَصَّ قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ: وَالنَّصُّ فَوْقَ الْعَنَقِ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"7","page":292},{"text":"١٠٠٩٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: سُئِلَ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَأَنَا جَالِسٌ مَعَهُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ، وَكَانَ رَدِيفَ ⦗٢٩٣⦘ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَوْقِفَ، كَيْفَ كَانَ يَسِيرُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: «كَانَ يَسِيرُ الْعَنَقَ، فَإِذَا وَجَدَ فُرْجَةً نَصَّ» قَالَ هِشَامٌ: وَالنَّصُّ فَوْقَ الْعَنَقِ","vol":"7","page":292},{"text":"١٠٠٩١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: دَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالشِّعْبِ نَزَلَ، فَبَالَ ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ، فَلَمْ يُسْبِغْ وُضُوءَهُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: الصَّلَاةَ، فَقَالَ: «الصَّلَاةَ أَمَامَكَ»، فَرَكِبَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةَ، نَزَلَ فَتَوَضَّأَ، فَأَسْبَغَ وُضُوءَهُ، ثُمَّ أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ أَنَاخَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ بَعِيرَهُ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ، ثُمَّ أُقِيمَتِ الْعِشَاءُ فَصَلَّاهُمَا، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":293},{"text":"١٠٠٩٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْخَطْمِيِّ، أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، أَخْبَرَهُ: «أَنَّهُ صَلَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ جَمِيعًا يَعْنِي بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ» ⦗٢٩٤⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ يَحْيَى","vol":"7","page":293},{"text":"١٠٠٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَيُصَلِّي بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ بِإِقَامَتَيْنِ، إِقَامَةٍ لِلْمَغْرِبِ، وَإِقَامَةٍ للْعِشَاءِ، وَلَا أَذَانَ»\n\n١٠٠٩٤ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ جَمَعَ، وَقَالَ: «جَمَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ، لَمْ يُنَادِ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا بِإِقَامَةٍ»\n\n١٠٠٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَضَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n١٠٠٩٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَتَى الْمُزْدَلِفَةَ فَصَلَّى بِهَا الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ بِأَذَانٍ وَإِقَامَتَيْنِ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا»","vol":"7","page":294},{"text":"١٠٠٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ⦗٢٩٥⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ: «أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، تَنَقَّلَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ بِجَمْعٍ»\n\n١٠٠٩٨ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ، وَلَمْ يَتَطَوَّعْ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَلَا عَلَى إِثْرِ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا»\n\n١٠٠٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ","vol":"7","page":294},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-666>الْخُرُوجُ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ بَعْدَ نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ</span>","vol":"7","page":296},{"text":"١٠١٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ:  «كُنْتُ فِيمَنْ قَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ضَعَفَةِ أَهْلِهِ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ إِلَى مِنًى». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ⦗٢٩٧⦘\n\n١٠١٠١ - وَرَوَاهُ عَطَاءٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «بَعَثَ بِي مِنْ جَمْعٍ بِسَحَرٍ مَعَ ثَقَلِهِ»","vol":"7","page":296},{"text":"١٠١٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَطَّارِ، وَعَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «دَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تُعَجِّلَ الْإِفَاضَةَ مِنْ جَمْعٍ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ مَكَّةَ فَتُصَلِّيَ بِهَا الصُّبْحَ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَهَا فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ تُوَافِقَهُ»\n\n١٠١٠٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ تُوَافِيَهُ،\n\n١٠١٠٤ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ أَيْضًا أَمْلَى عَلَيْنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n١٠١٠٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ، غَيْرِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِيِّينَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"7","page":297},{"text":"١٠١٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ شَوَّالٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ قَالَتْ: «كُنَّا نُغَلِّسُ مِنْ جَمْعٍ إِلَى مِنًى عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ⦗٢٩٨⦘\n\n١٠١٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ عَطَاءٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شَوَّالٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بَعْضَ أَزْوَاجِهِ أَنْ تَنْفِرَ مِنْ جَمْعٍ بِلَيْلٍ»\n\n١٠١٠٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «اسْتَأْذَنَتْ سَوْدَةُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ قَبْلَهُ، وَقَبْلَ حَطْمَةِ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً ثِبَطَةً فَأَذِنَ لَهَا»","vol":"7","page":297},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-667>أَخْذُ حَصَا الْجَمْرَةِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ</span>\n١٠١٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَدْرُ الْحَصَى الَّذِي يُرْمَى بِهِ الْجِمَارُ مِثْلُ حَصَى الْخَذْفِ، وَهُوَ أَصْغَرُ مِنَ الْأَنَامِلِ","vol":"7","page":299},{"text":"١٠١١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَمَى الْجِمَارَ بِمِثْلِ حَصَى الْخَذْفِ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"7","page":299},{"text":"١٠١١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مِنْ بَنِي تَيْمٍ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: مُعَاذٌ ⦗٣٠٠⦘ أَوِ ابْنُ مُعَاذٍ: \" رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُنْزِلُ النَّاسَ بِمِنًى مَنَازِلَهُمْ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «ارْمُوا بِمِثْلِ حَصَى الْخَذْفِ»\n\n١٠١١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ التَّيْمِيِّ\n\n١٠١١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَدَاةَ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ: «هَاتِ الْقُطْ لِي حَصًى»، فَلَقَطْتُ لَهُ حَصَيَاتٍ مِثْلَ حَصَى الْخَذْفِ، فَوَضَعَهُنَّ فِي يَدِهِ، فَقَالَ: «بِأَمْثَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ، بِأَمْثَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَالْغُلُوَّ»\n\n١٠١١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَدَاةَ جَمْعٍ وَهُوَ كَافٍّ نَاقَتَهُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالسَّكِينَةِ»، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ مُحَسِّرًا قَالَ: «عَلَيْكُمْ بِحَصَى الْخَذْفِ»\n\n١٠١١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَمِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذَهُ أَجْزَأَهُ، إِلَّا أَنِّي أَكْرَهُهُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ لِئَلَّا يُخْرِجَ حَصَى الْمَسْجِدِ مِنْهُ، وَأَكْرَهُهُ مِنَ الْحَشِّ لِنَجَاسَتِهِ وَأَكْرَهُهُ مِنَ الْجَمْرَةِ لِأَنَّهُ حَصًى غَيْرُ مُتَقَبَّلٍ، وَأَنْهُ قَدْ رُمِيَ بِهِ مَرَّةً\n\n١٠١١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وُكِّلَ بِهِ مَلَكٌ مَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ دُفِعَ، وَمَا لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ تُرِكَ، وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ وَمَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ رُفِعَ","vol":"7","page":299},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-668>وَالِاخْتِيَارُ فِي الدَّفْعِ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ</span>\n١٠١١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُقِيمَ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ الصُّبْحَ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا، ثُمَّ يَقِفَ عَلَى قُزَحَ»،\n\n١٠١١٨ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ: «حَتَّى يُسْفِرَ، ثُمَّ يَدْفَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، كَذَلِكَ دَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"7","page":301},{"text":"١٠١١٩ - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١٠١٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ قَالَ: خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَدْفَعُونَ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ حِينَ تَكُونُ الشَّمْسُ كَأَنَّهَا عَمَائِمُ الرِّجَالِ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ، وَمِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ حِينَ تَكُونُ كَأَنَّهَا عَمَائِمُ الرِّجَالِ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ، وَإِنَّا لَا نَدْفَعُ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ، أَوْ نَدْفَعُ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، هَدْيُنَا مُخَالِفٌ لِهَدْيِ أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَالشِّرْكِ»","vol":"7","page":301},{"text":"١٠١٢١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يُدْفَعُونَ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ، وَمِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، وَيَقُولُونَ: أَشْرِقْ ثَبِيرُ كَيْمَا نُغِيرُ، فَأَخَّرَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ وَقَدَّمَ هَذِهِ \" ⦗٣٠٢⦘\n\n١٠١٢٢ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمْ: أَشْرِقْ ثَبِيرُ وَزَادَ: يَعْنِي قَدَّمَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، وَأَخَّرَ عَرَفَةَ إِلَى أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ،\n\n١٠١٢٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِمْ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، ح،\n\n١٠١٢٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَرْبُوعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ\n\n١٠١٢٥ - وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْ جُوَيْبِرِ بْنِ حُوَيْرِثٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ واقِفًا عَلَى قُزَحَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَصْبِحُوا»،\n\n١٠١٢٦ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ انْفِرُوا»، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى فَخِذِهِ مِمَّا يُخْرِشُ بَعِيرَهُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ\n\n١٠١٢٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: الْخَرْشُ: نَخْسُ الْبَعِيرِ،\n\n١٠١٢٨ - هَكَذَا جَمَعَ بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْكَبِيرِ، وَذَلِكَ يُوهِمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَابِرٌ رَوَى عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، مِثْلَ مَا رَوَى ابْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ، وَعِنْدِي أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ إِسْنَادَ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ، وَلَعَلَّهُ شَكَّ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ مَتْنِ حَدِيثِهِ فَتَرَكَهُ وَصَارَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلِجَابِرٍ رِوَايَةٌ فِي قِصَّةِ دَفْعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ حِينَ أَسْفَرَ جِدًّا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ فِي مَعْنَاهُ أَوْ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي إِفَاضَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَعَلَيْهِ السَّكِينَةُ وَأَمَرَهُ بِهَا وَأَنْ يَرْمُوا الْجِمَارَ بِمِثْلِ حَصَا الْخَذْفِ، وَإِيَضاعِهِ فِي وَادِي مُحَسِّرٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠١٢٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَمَى الْجِمَارَ بِمِثْلِ حَصَى الْخَذْفِ»، مُخْتَصَرًا ⦗٣٠٣⦘،\n\n١٠١٣٠ - فَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَتْنَهُ بِتَمَامِهِ حِينَ أَرَادَ ذِكْرَهُ مَعَ أَثَرِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ فَتَرَكَهُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى كِتَابِهِ، فَضَمَّ الرَّاوِي إِسْنَادَهُ إِلَى إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٠١٣١ - وَالَّذِي رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَطَاوُسٌ فِي الْإِفَاضَةِ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ قَدْ رَوَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِمَعْنَاهُ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ صَحِيحٌ عَنْهُ","vol":"7","page":301},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-669>الْإِيضَاعُ فِي وَادِي مُحَسِّرٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":304},{"text":"١٠١٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُحَرِّكَ فِي بَطْنِ مُحَسِّرٍ قَدْرَ رَمْيَةٍ بِحَجَرٍ»","vol":"7","page":304},{"text":"١٠١٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى أَوْ سُفْيَانُ، أَوْ هُمَا، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، كَانَ «يُحَرِّكُ فِي مُحَسِّرٍ»، وَيَقُولُ:\n[البحر الرجز]\nإِلَيْكَ تَعْدُو قَلِقًا وَضِينُهَا ... مُخَالِفًا دِينَ النَّصَارَى دِينُهَا\"\n\n١٠١٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَأْمُرُ فَيُضْرَبُ بِهَا فِي بَطْنِ مُحَسِّرٍ» ⦗٣٠٥⦘\n\n١٠١٣٥ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٠١٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَى مُحَسِّرًا حَرَّكَ قَلِيلًا»،\n\n١٠١٣٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٠١٣٨ - وَحَدِيثُ عُمَرَ، رَوَاهُ مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ قَعْنَبٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ،\n\n١٠١٣٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ﵃","vol":"7","page":304},{"text":"١٠١٤٠ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «دَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ، فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ بِنَاقَتِهِ يَدَهَا وَاضِعَةً حَتَّى رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ»\n\n١٠١٤١ - فَكَذَا قَالَ طَاوُسٌ، وَكَانَ يُنْكِرُ الْإِيضَاعَ ⦗٣٠٦⦘. وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنِ الْفُضَلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ\n\n١٠١٤٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَلَا أَكْرَهُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يُحَرِّكَ رَاحِلَتَهُ فِي بَطْنِ مُحَسِّرٍ \"، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: وَأَسْتَحِبُّ، وَلَعَلَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَا رُوِّينَا حِينَ قَالَ فِي «مُخْتَصَرِ الْكَبِيرِ»: وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يُحَرِّكَ فِي بَطْنِ مُحَسِّرٍ \"","vol":"7","page":305},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-670>رَمْيُ جَمْرَةِ الْعَقَبَةِ رَاكِبًا</span>","vol":"7","page":307},{"text":"١٠١٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنْ أَيْمَنَ بْنِ نَابِلٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي قُدَامَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ الْكِلَابِيُّ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَرْمِي الْجَمْرَةَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ صَهْبَاءَ، لَيْسَ ضَرْبٌ، وَلَا طَرْدٌ، وَلَيْسَ قِيلَ إِلَيْكَ إِلَيْكَ»\n\n١٠١٤٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَلَيْسَ طَرْدٌ ⦗٣٠٨⦘\n\n١٠١٤٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «رَمْيُ الْجِمَارِ رُكُوبُ يَوْمَيْنِ، وَمَشْيُ يَوْمَيْنِ»\n\n١٠١٤٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي النَّفْرِ: «لِإِيصَالِ رُكُوبِهِ بِالصَّدْرِ، قِيَاسًا عَلَى يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ»\n\n١٠١٤٧ - وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْتِي الْجِمَارَ فِي الْأَيَّامِ الثَّلَاثَةِ بَعْدَ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ مَاشِيًا ذَاهِبًا وَرَاجِعًا، وَيُخْبِرُهُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ»،\n\n١٠١٤٨ - فَإِنْ صَحَّ هَذَا كَانَ أَوْلَى بِالِاتِّبَاعِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠١٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَيَرْمِي جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ مِنْ بَطْنِ الْوَادِي»\n\n١٠١٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: \" أَنَّهُ أَتَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ فَاسْتَبْطَنَ الْوَادِيَ، فَاسْتَعْرَضَهَا فَرَمَاهَا مِنْ بَطْنِ الْوَادِي بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا وَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ مَقَامُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ \" -\n\n١٠١٥١ - [٣٠٩]-، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: جَعَلَ الْبَيْتَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، وَمِنًى عَنْ يَمِينِهِ","vol":"7","page":307},{"text":"١٠١٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْقَاسِمِ: مِنْ أَيْنَ كَانَ الْقَاسِمُ يَرْمِي جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: «مِنْ حَيْثُ تَيَسَّرَ»\n\n١٠١٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: لَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَرْمِيَهَا إِلَّا مِنْ بَطْنِ الْمَسِيلِ\n\n١٠١٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَعَلَّهُ بَلَغَهُ حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَقَالَ بِهِ: وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":309},{"text":"١٠١٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، وعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْأَحْوَصِ الْأَزْدِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي بَطْنِ الْوَادِي، وَهُوَ يَرْمِي الْجَمْرَةَ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا يَقْتُلْ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا، وَإِذَا رَمَيْتُمُ الْجَمْرَةَ فَارْمُوا بِمِثْلِ حَصَى الْخَذْفِ»\n\n١٠١٥٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ»: عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"7","page":309},{"text":"١٠١٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِيُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيٌّ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، شَكَّ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي معبد، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «ارْفَعُوا عَنْ بَطْنِ مُحَسِّرٍ، وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِمِثْلِ حَصَى الْخَذْفِ»\n\n١٠١٥٨ - رَوَاهُ &amp; الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الشَّكَّ،\n\n١٠٠٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُمَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «ارْفَعُوا عَنْ بَطْنِ مُحَسِّرٍ»، يُرِيدُ فِي الْبَيْتُوتَةِ بِمِنًى","vol":"7","page":310},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-671>الِاخْتِيَارُ فِي رَمْيِ جَمْرَةِ الْعَقَبَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":311},{"text":"١٠١٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، عَنْ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعُرَنِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: حَمَلَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُغَيْلَمَةَ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَلَى حُمُرَاتٍ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَلْطَحُ أَفْخَاذَنَا، وَيَقُولُ: «أَيْ أُبَيْنِيَّ لَا تَرْمُوا الْجَمْرَةَ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ»\n\n١٠١٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، وَالثَّوْرِيِّ\n\n١٠١٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَمِنْ أَوْقَاتِهَا أَنْ تُرْمَى بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ، وَجَائِزٌ فِيهَا أَنْ تُرْمَى قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ وَبَعْدَ نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ","vol":"7","page":311},{"text":"١٠١٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ ⦗٣١٢⦘ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «دَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تُعَجِّلَ الْإِفَاضَةَ مِنْ جَمْعٍ، حَتَّى تَرْمِيَ الْجَمْرَةَ، وَتُوَافِيَ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ بِمَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَهَا، فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يُوَافِقَهُ، أَوْ تُوَافِيَهُ»\n\n١٠٠٦٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ\n\n١٠٠٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ خُرُوجَهَا بَعْدَ نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ، وَقَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ، وَأَنَّ رَمْيَهَا قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا لَا تُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ بِمَكَّةَ، إِلَّا وَقَدْ رَمَتْ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ بِسَاعَةٍ\n\n١٠٠٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَازِمٍ الضَّرِيرُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"7","page":311},{"text":"١٠١٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تُوَافِيَهُ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ بِمَكَّةَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ»\n\n١٠١٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ","vol":"7","page":312},{"text":"١٠١٦٩ - ورَوَاهُ أَسَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَتْ:  «أَمَرَهَا يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ أَنْ تُوَافِيَ مَعَهُ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ بِمَكَّةَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٣١٣⦘ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَسَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَازِمِ، وَهُوَ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٠١٧٠ - فَتَعَلَّقَ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَصْحِيحَ الْآثَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهَا بِذَلِكَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، لِتَوَافِيَ مَعَهُ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ مِنْ غَدِ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ بِمَكَّةَ، وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِرِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ أَخَّرَ طَوَافَ الزِّيَارَةِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ نَقَلَ مَا حَكَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الطَّعْنِ فِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ، وَلَيْسَ مِنَ الْإِنْصَافِ أَنْ تُتْرَكَ رِوَايَةُ الْجُمْهُورِ وَيُؤْخَذَ بِرِوَايَةِ وَاحِدٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمْ بِمِصْرَ بِالْحَافِظِ جِدًّا. كَيْفَ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَالدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، وحَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ودَاوُدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، بِمَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي مَتْنِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَرِوَايَةُ ⦗٣١٤⦘ أَسَدِ بْنِ مُوسَى يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مُوَافِقَةً لِرِوَايَتِهِمْ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهَا دَلَالَةٌ، وَلَا فِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ ذِكْرُ الْغَدِ","vol":"7","page":312},{"text":"١٠١٧١ - وَأَمَّا إِفَاضَةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَفَاضَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ بِمِنًى». قَالَ نَافِعٌ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُفِيضُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَيُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ بِمِنًى، وَيُذْكَرُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَعَلَهُ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ.\n\n١٠١٧٢ - وَنَحْنُ لَا نَعْلَمُ فِي الْأَسَانِيدِ إِسْنَادًا أَصَحَّ مِنْ هَذَا\n\n١٠٠٧٣ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «مَا دَلَّ عَلَى إِفَاضَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ» ⦗٣١٥⦘\n\n١٠٠٧٤ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «حَجَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَفَضْنَا يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ»\n\n١٠٠٧٥ - وَإِنَّمَا رَوَى أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَخَّرَ الطَّوَافَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ»،\n\n١٠٠٧٦ - وَفِي سَمَاعِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ نَظَرٌ،\n\n١٠٠٧٧ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَفَاضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهُ ﷺ مِنْ آخِرِ يَوْمِهِ حَتَّى صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مِنًى» ⦗٣١٦⦘\n\n١٠٠٧٨ - وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَسَانِيدِ، أَصَحُّ مِنْ هَذَيْنِ الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ\n\n١٠٠٧٩ - ثُمَّ لَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ إِلَّا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْمَرَاسِيلِ الَّتِي رُوِيَتْ فِي مَعْنَاهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ، وَأَصْبَحَ بِهَا، وَصَلَّى بِهَا صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ، حَتَّى يُمْكِنَ حَمْلُ حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَلَى مَا حُمِلَ عَلَيْهِ، بَلْ فِي حَدِيثِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَمَكَثَ بِمِنًى لَيَالِيَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ،\n\n١٠٠٨٠ - وَأَمَّا مَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ حِكَايَةِ أَحْمَدَ: فَإِنَّمَا أَنْكَرُوا قَوْلَهُ: «تُوَافِيَهُ أَوْ تُوَافِيَ مَعَهُ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ وَقْتَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ»","vol":"7","page":314},{"text":"١٠١٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَنْبَلٍ: ذَكَرْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ حَدِيثَ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ:  «أَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ تُوَافِيَهُ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ بِمَكَّةَ»، فَقَالَ: قَالَ هِشَامٌ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي مُرْسَلٌ تُوَافِيَ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، يَعْنِي عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُرْسَلٍ تُوَافِيَ، وَقَالَ: ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ مِثْلَهُ، وَأَمَّا وَصْلُ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، فَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ حُجَّةٌ قَدْ أَجْمَعَ الْحُفَّاظُ عَلَى قَبُولِ مَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، ثُمَّ قَدْ وَصَلَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ الْأَثْبَاتِ","vol":"7","page":316},{"text":"١٠١٨٢ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «أَرْسَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ لَيْلَةَ النَّحْرِ، فَرَمَتِ الْجَمْرَةَ ⦗٣١٧⦘ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ، ثُمَّ مَضَتْ فَأَفَاضَتْ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي يَكُونُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَهَا». أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ هَكَذَا\n\n١٠١٨٣ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ لَا غُبَارَ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَأَنَّ عُرْوَةَ حَمَلَهُ مِنَ الْوَجْهَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، فَكَانَ هِشَامٌ يُرْسِلُهُ مَرَّةً، وَيُسْنِدُهُ أُخْرَى، وَهَذِهِ عَادَتُهُمْ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ","vol":"7","page":316},{"text":"١٠١٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُخْبِرٌ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ، أَنَّهَا رَمَتِ الْجَمْرَةَ، قُلْتُ: إِنَّا رَمَيْنَا الْجَمْرَةَ بِلَيْلٍ \". قَالَتْ: «كُنَّا نَصْنَعُ هَذَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n١٠١٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْمُخْبِرُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ مَوْلَى أَسْمَاءَ، فَقَدْ رَوَى سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مَوْلًى لِأَسْمَاءَ: «أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ كَانَتْ تَرْمِي بِلَيْلٍ»، يَعْنِي أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ","vol":"7","page":317},{"text":"١٠١٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ ⦗٣١٨⦘ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى عَطَاءَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، وَابْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ بْنَ خَالِدٍ، يَرْمُونَ الْجَمْرَةَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ»","vol":"7","page":317},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-672>مَا يُفْعَلُ بَعْدَ رَمْيِ جَمْرَةِ الْعَقَبَةِ مِنَ النَّحْرِ وَالْحَلْقِ</span>","vol":"7","page":319},{"text":"١٠١٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ التِّرْمِذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَلَقَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ»،\n\n١٠١٨٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ هُوَ أَبُو ضَمْرَةَ ⦗٣٢٠⦘،\nوَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ","vol":"7","page":319},{"text":"١٠١٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ، وَنَحَرَ نُسُكَهُ، نَاوَلَ الْحَالِقَ شِقَّهُ الْأَيْمَنَ، فَحَلَقَهُ، ثُمَّ نَاوَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، ثُمَّ نَاوَلَ الْحَالِقَ شِقَّهُ الْأَيْسَرَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَهُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":320},{"text":"١٠١٩٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، أَتَى الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَالَ: \" إِنِّي أَفَضْتُ، وَأَفَضْتُ مَعِي بِأَهْلِي، ثُمَّ عَدَلْتُ إِلَى شِعْبٍ، فَذَهَبْتُ لِأَدْنُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِي، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي لَمْ أُقَصِّرْ مِنْ شَعْرِي بَعْدُ، فَأَخَذْتُ ⦗٣٢١⦘ مِنْ شَعْرِهَا بِأَسْنَانِي، ثُمَّ وَقَعْتُ بِهَا، فَضَحِكَ الْقَاسِمُ، وَقَالَ: «مُرْهَا فَلْتَأْخُذْ مِنْ شَعْرِهَا بِالْجَلَمَيْنِ»\n\n١٠١٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا كَمَا قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ إِذَا قَصَّرَ مِنْ رَأْسِهَا بِأَسْنَانِهِ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهَا مِنَ الْجَلَمَيْنِ\n\n١٠١٩٢ - وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: يُهْرِيقُ دَمًا، وَخَالَفَ الْقَاسِمُ بِقَوْلِ نَفْسِهِ.\n\n١٠١٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا قَدْ أَفَاضَا، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُونَا أَفَاضَا لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُمَا الْوَطْءُ بِالتَّحَلُّلِ الْأَوَّلِ\n\n١٠١٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَمَنْ لَبَّدَ شَعْرَهُ أَوْ عَقَصَهُ أَوْ ضَفَّرَهُ حَلَقَ اخْتِيَارًا، وَلَمْ يُقَصِّرْ، وَقَدْ كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: هُوَ مَا نَوَى يُرِيدُ أَنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ أَوْ يُقَصِّرَ، وَلَوْ قَصَّرَ لَمْ أَرْ عَلَيْهِ فِدْيَةً، لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿آمِنِينَ مُحَلِّقِينَ رُءُوسَكُمْ وَمُقَصِّرِينَ﴾، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْمُحَلِّقِينَ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا، وَدَعَا لِلْمُقَصِّرِينَ مَرَّةً ⦗٣٢٢⦘\n\n١٠١٩٥ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْحِلَاقُ، وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَعُمَرَ\n\n١٠١٩٦ - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ الصَّحِيحَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ أَهَّلَ مُلَبِّدًا وَأَنَّهُ حَلَقَ، رَوَاهُمَا جَمِيعًا فِي التَّلْبِيدِ وَالْحَلْقِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ\n\n١٠١٩٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ لَبَّدَ رَأْسَهُ لِلْإِحْرَامِ، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْحِلَاقُ»\n\n١٠١٩٨ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n١٠١٩٩ - وَكِلَاهُمَا ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١٠٢٠٠ - وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ مَالِكٍ، وشُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ\n\n١٠٢٠١ - وَرِوَايَةُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ: «مَنْ ضَفَّرَ فَلْيَحْلِقْ»\n\n١٠٢٠٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ: «مَنْ عَقَصَ، أَوْ ضَفَّرَ، أَوْ لَبَّدَ، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْحِلَاقُ»\n\n١٠٢٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ لَبَّدَ، أَوْ ضَفَّرَ، أَوْ فَتَلَ، أَوْ عَقَصَ، فَهُوَ عَلَى مَا نَوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ» ⦗٣٢٣⦘\n\n١٠٢٠٤ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: حَلَقَ وَلبَّدَ\n\n١٠٢٠٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «إِنْ كَانَ نَوَى أَنْ يَحْلِقَ، فَلْيَحْلِقْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَنْوِ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيُقَصِّرْهُ»\n\n١٠٢٠٦ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «إِذَا فَعَلَ الْمُحْرِمُ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَحْلِقْ إِنْ كَانَ نَوَى أَوْ لَمْ يَنْوِ»،\n\n١٠٢٠٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"7","page":320},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-673>التَّلْبِيَةُ حَتَّى تُرْمَى جَمْرَةُ الْعَقَبَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":324},{"text":"١٠٢٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، أَرْدَفَهُ مِنْ جَمْعٍ إِلَى مِنًى، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ»\n\n١٠٢٠٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَرْمَلَةَ","vol":"7","page":324},{"text":"١٠٢١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَبَّى عُمَرُ حَتَّى رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي كِتَابِ الْعِيدَيْنِ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يُلَبِّي عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَةِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِيمَا التَّلْبِيَةُ هَا هُنَا؟ فَقَالَ: وَهَلْ قَضَيْنَا نُسُكَنَا بَعْدُ؟ \"\n\n١٠٢١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ سَقَطَ مِنْ كِتَابِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ\n\n١٠٢١٢ - ورَوَاهُ عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ يُهِلُّ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ»\n\n١٠٢١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «وَلَبَّى ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ حَتَّى رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ»،\n\n١٠٢١٤ - وَلَبَّتْ مَيْمُونَةُ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَتَّى رَمَتْ جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ،\n\n١٠٢١٥ - وَعَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُسٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ\n\n١٠٢١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي رَمْيِهِ جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ، وَتَكْبِيرَةٍ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ ⦗٣٢٦⦘\n\n١٠٢١٧ - وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ: عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ رَمَاهَا بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ»\n\n١٠٢١٨ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَطَعَ التَّلْبِيَةَ بِأَوَّلِ حَصَاةٍ ثُمَّ كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ\n\n١٠٢١٩ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «رَمَقْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ بِأَوَّلِ حَصَاةٍ»","vol":"7","page":325},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-674>مَا يَحِلُّ بِالتَّحَلُّلِ الْأَوَّلِ</span>","vol":"7","page":327},{"text":"١٠٢٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «إِذَا رَمَيْتُمُ الْجَمْرَةَ فَقَدْ حَلَّ لَكُمْ مَا حُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ، إِلَّا النِّسَاءَ وَالطِّيبَ»\n\n١٠٢٢١ - قَالَ سَالِمٌ: وقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «أَنَا طَيَّبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِحِلِّهِ وَإِحْرَامِهِ» قَالَ سَالِمٌ: وَسُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تُتَّبَعَ\n\n١٠٢٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهَكَذَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ الصَّالِحُونَ وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ","vol":"7","page":327},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-675>التَّقْدِيمُ وَالتَّأْخِيرُ فِي عَمَلِ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ</span>","vol":"7","page":328},{"text":"١٠٢٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: وَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ بِمِنًى، لِلنَّاسِ يَسْأَلُونَهُ، فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمْ أَشْعُرْ، فَحَلَقْتُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَذْبَحَ؟ فَقَالَ: «اذْبَحْ وَلَا حَرَجَ»، فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمْ أَشْعُرْ فَنَحَرْتُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَرْمِيَ، فَقَالَ: «ارْمِ وَلَا حَرَجَ»، فَمَا سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ شَيْءٍ قُدِّمَ وَلَا أُخِّرَ إِلَّا قَالَ: «افْعَلْ وَلَا حَرَجَ» ⦗٣٢٩⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٠٢٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنَّ الْحَلْقَ قَبْلَ الرَّمْيِ، فَحَلَقْتُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَرْمِيَ قَالَ: «ارْمِ وَلَا حَرَجَ»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَلْقَ قَبْلَ النَّحْرِ\n\n١٠٢٢٥ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ: فَذَكَرَ «الْحَلْقَ قَبْلَ الرَّمْيِ، وَالْإِفَاضَةَ قَبْلَ الرَّمْيِ، وَالْحَلْقَ قَبْلَ الذَّبْحِ» وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ\n\n١٠٢٢٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الذَّبْحِ قَبْلَ الرَّمْيِ، وَالْحَلْقِ قَبْلَ الذَّبْحِ،\n\n١٠٢٢٧ - وَقَالَ فِيهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ ⦗٣٣٠⦘،\n\n١٠٢٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْمٍ حَلَقُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَذْبَحُوا؟ قَالَ: أَخْطَأْتُمُ السُّنَّةَ، وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْكُمْ\n\n١٠٢٢٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، وَابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَا هُوَ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ،\n\n١٠٢٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي خِطْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ، وَالْهِرْمَاسِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَرَافِعِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو،\n\n١٠٢٣١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي خُطْبَتِهِ أَوْسَطِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرٍ، وَعَنْ سَرَّاءَ بِنْتِ نَبْهَانَ","vol":"7","page":328},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-676>الشُّرْبُ مِنْ سِقَايَةِ الْحَاجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":331},{"text":"١٠٢٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَفَاضَ فَأَتَى السِّقَايَةَ فَقَالَ لِعبَّاسٍ: «اسْقِنِي»، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ هَذَا شَرَابٌ قَدْ أُثْقِلَ، وَخَاضَتْهُ الْأَيْدِي، وَوَقَعَ فِيهِ الذُّبَابُ، وَعِنْدَنَا فِي الْبَيْتِ شَرَابٌ هُوَ أَصْفَى مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ: «مِنْهُ فَاسْقِنِي»، فَشَرِبَ مِنْهُ ﷺ \"\n\n١٠٢٣٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ: فَكَانَ أَبِي يَقُولُ: «فَشُرْبُ النَّبِيذِ مِنْ تَمَامِ الْحَجِّ»\n\n١٠٢٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسُقِيَ النَّبِيذُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَعَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبَعْدُ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّا لَا نَشُكُّ فِيمَا أَتَى إِلَيْنَا مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ، إِنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا سُقُوهُ حُلْوًا أَوْ مُجَاوِزًا لِلْحَلَاوَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْكِرَ، فَإِذَا سُقِيَ مُسْكِرًا فَلَا يَحِلُّ شُرْبُهُ وَإِذَا كَانَ غَيْرَ مُسْكِرٍ فَشُرْبُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ\n\n١٠٢٣٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا يَحْضُرْنِي، ذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَقَفَ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ هَذَا النَّبِيذَ الَّذِي يُسْقُونَهُ، أَسُنَّةٌ هُوَ، أَمْ تَجِدُونَهُ أَهْوَنَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْعَسَلِ وَاللَّبَنِ؟ «فَذَكَرَ إِفَاضَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَشُرْبَهُ»","vol":"7","page":331},{"text":"١٠٢٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا بَالُ أَهْلِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ يَسْقُونَ النَّبِيذَ، وَبَنُو عَمِّهِمْ يَسْقُونَ اللَّبَنَ، وَالْعَسَلَ، وَالسَّوِيقَ أَبُخْلٌ بِهِمْ أَمْ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا بِنَا مِنْ بُخْلٍ، وَلَا بِنَا مِنْ حَاجَةٍ، وَلَكِنْ دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، وَخَلْفَهُ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، فَدَعَا بِشَرَابٍ، فَأُتِيَ بِنَبِيذٍ فَشَرِبَ مِنْهُ، وَدَفَعَ فَضْلَهُ إِلَى أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، فَشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَحْسَنْتُمْ وَأَجْمَلْتُمْ كَذَلِكَ فافَعَلُوا» وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ","vol":"7","page":332},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-677>الرَّمْيُ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ إِلَى الْجَمَرَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ</span>","vol":"7","page":333},{"text":"١٠٢٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَيَرْمِي الْجِمَارَ أَيَّامَ مِنًى، وَهُنَّ ثَلَاثٌ، كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهَا ⦗٣٣٤⦘ بِسَبْعٍ، وَلَا يَرْمِيهَا حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ مَنًى، بَعْدَ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ كَيْفِيَّةَ الرَّمْيِ وَالْوُقُوفِ وَالدُّعَاءِ. وَرَوَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَذَلِكَ مَوْجُودٌ فِيمَا","vol":"7","page":333},{"text":"١٠٢٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ الَّتِي تَلِي الْمَسْجِدَ، مَسْجِدَ مِنًى، رَمَاهَا بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّمَا رَمَى بِحَصَاةٍ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ أَمَامَهَا فَوَقَفَ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ، رَافِعًا يَدَيْهِ يَدْعُو، وَكَانَ يُطِيلُ الْوقُوفَ، ثُمَّ يَأْتِي الْجَمْرَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَيَرْمِيهَا بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّمَا رَمَى بِحَصَاةٍ، وَيَنْحَدِرُ ذَاتَ الْيَسَارِ مِمَّا يَلِي الْوَادِيَ، فَيَقِفُ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ، رَافِعًا يَدَيْهِ يَدْعُو، ثُمَّ يَأْتِي الْجَمْرَةَ الَّتِي عِنْدَ الْعَقَبَةِ، فَيَرْمِيهَا بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّمَا رَمَى بِحَصَاةٍ، ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ وَلَا يَقِفُ عِنْدَهَا»\n\n١٠٢٣٩ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ سَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يُحَدِّثُ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَفْعَلُهُ.\n\n١٠٢٤٠ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: يُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ ابْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ⦗٣٣٥⦘\n\n١٠٢٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نَتَحَيَّنُ فَإِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ رَمَيْنَا»\n\n١٠٢٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ ضُحًى، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَرْمِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ»\n\n١٠٢٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «فَإِنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ بَعْدَ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ، فَذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ يَوْمِ الثَّانِي أَقَامَ حَتَّى يَرْمِيَ الْجِمَارَ يَوْمَ الثَّالِثِ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ»\n\n١٠٢٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n١٠٢٤٥ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا لِرُعَاءِ الْإِبِلِ مِنَ الرُّخْصَةِ فِي تَأْخِيرِ الرَّمْيِ الْيَوْمَ الْأَوَّلَ مِنْ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي، وَهُوَ النَّفْرُ الْأَوَّلُ\n\n١٠٢٤٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الْبَدَاحِ بْنِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَرْخَصَ لِرِعَاءِ الْإِبِلِ فِي الْبَيْتُوتَةِ يَرْمُونَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، ثُمَّ يَرْمُونَ الْغَدَ أَوْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَدِ لِيَومَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَرْمُونَ يَوْمَ النَّفْرِ»","vol":"7","page":334},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-678>الرُّخْصَةُ لِأَهْلِ سِقَايَةِ الْعَبَّاسِ فِي تَرْكِ الْمَبِيتِ بِمِنًى</span>","vol":"7","page":336},{"text":"١٠٢٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَخَّصَ لِأَهْلِ السِّقَايَةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ أَنْ يَبِيتُوا بِمَكَّةَ لَيَالِيَ مِنًى»\n\n١٠٢٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، وَابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّ الْعَبَّاسَ اسْتَأْذَنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَبِيتَ بِمَكَّةَ لَيَالِيَ مِنًى مِنْ أَجْلِ سِقَايَتِهِ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ»\n\n١٠٢٤٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَخَّصَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ⦗٣٣٧⦘\n\n١٠٢٥٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، بِمِثْلِهِ، وَزَادَ عَطَاءٌ: مِنْ أَجْلِ سِقَايَتِهِمْ","vol":"7","page":336},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-679>مَا وَرَدَ فِي حَجِّ الصَّبِيِّ وَالْمَمْلُوكِ</span>\n١٠٢٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ بِفَضْلِ نِعْمَتِهِ أَثَابَ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَالِ أَضْعَافَهَا، وَمَنَّ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَنْ أَلْحَقَ بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ، وَوَفَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: ﴿أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ مِنْ عَمَلِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ﴾ [الطور: ٢١]، فَلَمَّا مَنَّ عَلَى الذَّرَارِيِّ بِإِدْخَالِهِمْ جَنَّتَهُ بِلَا عَمِلٍ، كَانَ أَنْ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِأَنْ كَتَبَ لَهُمْ عَمَلَ الْبِرِّ فِي الْحَجِّ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُجِبْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَعْنَى","vol":"7","page":338},{"text":"١٠٢٥٢ - وَقَدْ جَاءَتِ الْأَحَادِيثُ فِي أَطْفَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَّهُمْ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَالْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي،\n\n١٠٢٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٣٣٩⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَفَلَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ لَقِيَ رَكْبًا فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقَالَ: «مَنِ الْقَوْمُ؟»، فَقَالُوا: الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَمَنْ أَنْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: «رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»، فَرَفَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَةٌ صَبِيًّا لَهَا مِنْ مِحَفَّةٍ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلِهَذَا حَجٌّ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَلَكِ أَجْرٌ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"7","page":338},{"text":"١٠٢٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَرَّ بِامْرَأَةٍ وَهِيَ فِي مِحَفَّتِهَا، فَقِيلَ لَهَا هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَخَذَتْ بِعَضُدِ صَبِيٍّ كَانَ مَعَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: أَلِهَذَا حَجٌّ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَلَكِ أَجْرٌ»\n\n١٠٢٥٥ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، مَوْصُولًا، وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗٣٤٠⦘،\n\n١٠٢٥٦ - ورَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، مُنْقَطِعًا دُونَ ذِكْرِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٠٢٥٧ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،\n\n١٠٢٥٨ - فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ عَنْهُ، رَفَعَتِ امْرَأَةٌ ابْنًا لَهَا فِي مِحَفَّةٍ تُرْضِعُهُ فِي طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ،\n\n١٠٢٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، مَوْصُولًا،\n\n١٠٢٦٠ - وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَوْصُولًا. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"7","page":339},{"text":"١٠٢٦١ - ورُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «حَجَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَنَا النِّسَاءُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ، فَلَبَّيْنَا عَنِ الصِّبْيَانِ، وَرَمَيْنَا عَنْهُمْ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبَانَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ السَّرَّاجٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيْمَنَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٠٢٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي قَوْلِهِ: «لَكِ أَجْرٌ»: يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِحْجَاجِهَا إِيَاهُ","vol":"7","page":340},{"text":"١٠٢٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّفَرِ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أسْمِعُونِي مَا تَقُولُونَ ⦗٣٤١⦘، وَافْهَمُوا مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: أَيُّمَا مَمْلُوكٍ حَجَّ بِهِ أَهْلُهُ، فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ، فَقَدْ مَضَى حَجُّهُ، وَإِنْ عَتَقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ فَلْيَحْجُجْ، وَأَيُّمَا غُلَامٍ حَجَّ بِهِ أَهْلُهُ، فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَ فَقَدْ مَضَى عَنْهُ حَجُّهُ، وَإِنْ بَلَغَ فَلْيَحْجُجْ \"\n\n١٠٢٦٤ - ورَوَاهُ مُطَرِّفٌ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّفَرِ، بِمَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْمَوْتَ، وَقَالَ: مَا دَامَ صَغِيرًا، مَا دَامَ عَبْدًا. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ صَدْرَ الْحَدِيثِ دُونَ سِيَاقٍ\n\n١٠٢٦٥ - ورُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَوْقُوفًا وَمَرْفُوعًا","vol":"7","page":340},{"text":"١٠٢٦٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «تَقْضِي حَجَّةُ الْعَبْدِ عَنْهُ حَتَّى يُعْتَقَ، فَإِذَا عَتَقَ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تَكُونَ وَاجِبَةً عَلَيْهِ»، يَعْنِي قَبْلَ الْعِتْقِ","vol":"7","page":341},{"text":"١٠٢٦٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ حَجَّ الْعَبْدُ تَطَوُّعًا، أَذِنَ لَهُ سَيِّدُهُ فَحَجَّ، لَا آجَرَ نَفْسَهُ، وَلَا حَجَّ بِهِ أَهْلُهُ يَخْدِمُهُمْ؟ قَالَ: «سَمِعْنَا أَنَّهُ إِذَا أُعْتِقَ حَجَّ لَا بُدَّ»","vol":"7","page":341},{"text":"١٠٢٦٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «تَقْضِي حَجَّةُ الصَّغِيرِ عَنْهُ حَتَّى يَعْقِلَ، فَإِذَا عَقَلَ، وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَجَّةٌ لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا، وَالْعَبْدُ كَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا»\n\n١٠٢٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ قَوْلَهُمْ هَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n١٠٢٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُهُمْ إِذَا عَقَلَ الصَّبِيُّ، إِذَا احْتَلَمَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٣٤٢⦘،\n\n١٠٢٧١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي الصَّبِيِّ وَالْمَمْلُوكِ مِثْلُ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ\n\n١٠٢٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَ الْفَرْضِ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ، فَذَكَرَ الْعِدَّةَ، وَذَكَرَ مَا يَلْزَمُهُ فِيمَا اسْتَهْلَكَ مِنْ أَمْتِعَةِ النَّاسِ\n\n١٠٢٧٣ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ «عَلَى»: رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ، أَوْ يَبْلُغَ الْمَأْثَمَ، فَأَمَّا غَيْرُهُ فَلَا، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى مَا قَالَ، كَانَ يُؤَدِّي الزَّكَاةَ، عَنْ أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى الصِّغَارِ\n\n١٠٢٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا نَسَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَنْهُ يَصِحُّ، وَقَدْ رَفَعَهُ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الرِّوَايَةِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ، وَوَقَفَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ","vol":"7","page":341},{"text":"١٠٢٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: «أَنَّ غُلَامًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَتَلَ حَمَامَةً مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ، فَأَمَرَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْ يُفْدَى عَنْهُ بِشَاةٍ»\n\n١٠٢٧٦ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: كَانَ غُلَامًا لَمْ يَبْلُغْ","vol":"7","page":342},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-680>دُخُولُ الْبَيْتِ، وَالصَّلَاةُ فِيهِ</span>","vol":"7","page":343},{"text":"١٠٢٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكَعْبَةَ، هُوَ وَبِلَالٌ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ، وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَأُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ سَأَلْتُ بِلَالًا: كَيْفَ صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: «جَعَلَ عَمُودًا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَمُودَيْنِ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، وَثَلَاثَةَ أَعْمِدَةٍ وَرَاءَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى»، وَكَانَ الْبَيْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَعْمِدَةٍ \" أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٠٢٧٨ - وَهَكَذَا قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى: عَمُودَيْنِ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ ⦗٣٤٤⦘\n\n١٠٢٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ: عَمُودًا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَمُودًا عَنْ يَسَارِهِ،\n\n١٠٢٨٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ وَغَيْرُهُ،\n\n١٠٢٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالَ: عَمُودَيْنِ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَمُودًا، عَنْ يَسَارِهِ\n\n١٠٢٨٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ\n\n١٠٢٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَسْتَحِبُّ دُخُولَ الْبَيْتِ إِنْ كَانَ لَا يُؤْذِي أَحَدًا بِدُخُولِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُرْوَى فِيهِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ دَخَلَهُ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ فِي حَسَنَةٍ، وَخَرَجَ مِنْ سَيِّئَةٍ، وَخَرَجَ مَغْفُورًا لَهُ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَهُ","vol":"7","page":343},{"text":"١٠٢٨٤ - قال أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا دُخُولُهُ ﷺ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ، وَأَمَّا تَرْغِيبُهُ فِيهِ فَقَدْ،\n\n١٠٢٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الطِّيبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُؤَمَّلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَيْصِنٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ، دَخَلَ فِي حَسَنَةٍ، وَخَرَجَ مِنْ سَيِّئَةٍ مَغْفُورًا لَهُ»","vol":"7","page":344},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-681>الصَّلَاةُ بِالْمُحَصَّبِ</span>","vol":"7","page":345},{"text":"١٠٢٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: «أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ، وَالْعَصْرَ، وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ بِالْمُحَصَّبِ، ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ مَكَّةَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَيَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ»\n\n١٠٢٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ بِهَا قَالَ: «وَيَهْجَعُ، وَيُذْكَرُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ» وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ ⦗٣٤٦⦘\n\n١٠٢٨٨ - وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَخْرِ بْنِ جُوَيْرِيَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى التَّحْصِيبَ سُنَّةً»\n\n١٠٢٨٩ - قَالَ نَافِعٌ: قَدْ حَصَّبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالْخُلَفَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ","vol":"7","page":345},{"text":"١٠٢٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ التَّحْصِيبُ بِشَيْءٍ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَنْزِلٌ نَزَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n١٠٢٩١ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":346},{"text":"١٠٢٩٢ - قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ النَّجَّادُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّقِّيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَأَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَا، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «إِنَّمَا كَانَ مَنْزِلًا نَزَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لِيَكُونَ أَسْمَحَ لِخُرُوجِهِ» ⦗٣٤٧⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ،\n\n١٠٢٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"7","page":346},{"text":"١٠٢٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، سَمِعَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَنَا ضَرَبْتُ قُبَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْنِي، فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَنَزَلَ، يَعْنِي بِالْأَبْطَحِ، وَهُوَ الْمُحَصَّبُ»\n\n١٠٢٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بَإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَقَالَ: بِالْأَبْطَحِ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: وَهُوَ الْمُحَصَّبُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":347},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-682>طَوَافُ الْوَدَاعِ</span>","vol":"7","page":348},{"text":"١٠٢٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّاسُ يَنْصَرِفُونَ فِي كُلِّ وَجْهٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لَا يَنْفِرَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ حَتَّى يَكُونَ آخِرَ عَهْدِهِ بِالْبَيْتِ»،\n\n١٠٢٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَزَادَ قَالَ: وَهُوَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ، خَالُ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، وَقَالَ: بِكُلِّ وَجْهٍ، وَقَالَ: «لَا يَصْدُرَنَّ»، بَدَلَ: «يَنْفِرَنَّ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ وزُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":348},{"text":"١٠٢٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗٣٤٩⦘ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «أُمِرَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرَ عَهْدِهِمْ بِالْبَيْتِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الْحَائِضِ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"7","page":348},{"text":"١٠٢٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَصْدُرَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ حَتَّى يَكُونَ آخِرَ عَهْدِهِ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَإِنَّ آخِرَ النُّسُكِ الطَّوَافُ بِالْبَيْتِ»\n\n١٠٣٠٠ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا نَرَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿ثُمَّ مَحِلُّهَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٣٣] فَمَحِلُّ الشَّعَائِرِ، وَانْقِضَاؤُهَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ","vol":"7","page":349},{"text":"١٠٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَدَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ مَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ وَدَّعَ الْبَيْتَ» ⦗٣٥٠⦘\n\n١٠٣٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَفِي أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحَائِضَ أَنْ تَنْفِرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطُوفَ طَوَافَ الْوَدَاعِ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ تَرْكَ طَوَافِ الْوَدَاعِ لَا يُفْسِدُ حَجًّا،\n\n١٠٣٠٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَمِنْهَا يَعْنِي مِنْ أَعْمَالِ الْحَجِّ مَا إِذَا تَرَكَهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ، سَقَطَ عَنْهُ الدَّمُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ لَزِمَهُ الدَّمُ، وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ الْمِيقَاتِ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ، وَمِثْلُهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ طَوَافُ الْوَدَاعِ،\n\n١٠٣٠٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ أُخْبِرْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ نَسِيَ مِنْ نُسُكِهِ شَيْئًا أَوْ تَرَكَهُ فَلْيُهْرِقْ دَمًا، وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا بِإِسْنَادِهِ،\n\n١٠٣٠٥ - وَاسْتَحَبَّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: أَنْ يُهْرِقَ مَكَانَهُ دَمًا إِذَا لَمْ يَرْجِعْ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مَا تُقْصَرُ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةُ","vol":"7","page":349},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-683>تَرْكُ الْحَائِضِ الْوَدَاعَ</span>","vol":"7","page":351},{"text":"١٠٣٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: حَاضَتْ صَفِيَّةُ بَعْدَ مَا أَفَاضَتْ، فَذَكَرَتْ حَيْضَتَهَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «أَحَابِسَتُنَا هِيَ»، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا حَاضَتْ بَعْدَ مَا أَفَاضَتْ قَالَ: «فَلَا إِذًا»،\n\n١٠٣٠٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، بِنَحْوِهِ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"7","page":351},{"text":"١٠٣٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتَ حُيَيٍّ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: قَدْ حَاضَتْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَعَلَّهَا حَابِسَتُنَا»، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا قَدْ طَافَتْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَلَا إِذًا»\n\n١٠٣٠٩ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَالَ هِشَامٌ: قَالَ عُرْوَةُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ، وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمْ يُقَدِّمِ النَّاسُ نِسَاءَهُمْ أَنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَا يَنْفَعُهُنَّ، وَلَوْ كَانَ الَّذِي يَقُولُونَ، لَأَصْبَحَ بِمِنًى أَكْثَرُ مِنْ سِتَّةِ آلَافِ امْرَأَةٍ حَائِضٍ، كُلُّهُنَّ قَدْ أَفَاضَتْ","vol":"7","page":352},{"text":"١٠٣١٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إِذْ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: تُفْتِي أَنْ تُصْدِرَ الْحَائِضُ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرُ عَهْدِهَا بِالْبَيْتِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِمَّا لَا، فَسَلْ فُلَانَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةَ، هَلْ أَمَرَهَا بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: فَرَجَعَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَضْحَكُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: مَا أَرَاكَ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقْتَ \". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"7","page":352},{"text":"١٠٣١١ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ⦗٣٥٣⦘ حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ: اخْتَلَفَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الْحَائِضِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: تَنْفِرُ، وَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: لَا تَنْفِرُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: سَلْ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ وَصَوَاحِبَاتِهَا قَالَ: فَذَهَبَ زَيْدٌ فَلَبِثَ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ وَهُوَ يَضْحَكُ، فَقَالَ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قُلْتَ \"","vol":"7","page":352},{"text":"١٠٣١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ: «أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ إِذَا حَجَّتْ وَمَعَهَا نِسَاءٌ تَخَافُ أَنْ يَحِضْنَ، قَدَّمَتْهُنَّ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، فَأَفَضْنَ، فَإِنْ حِضْنَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، لَمْ تَنْتَظِرْهُنَّ أَنْ يَطْهُرْنَ، فَتَنْفِرُ بِهِنَّ، وَهُنَّ حِيَضٌ، إِذَا كُنَّ قَدْ أَفَضْنَ»","vol":"7","page":353},{"text":"١٠٣١٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ: «أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ تَأْمُرُ النِّسَاءَ أَنْ يُعَجِّلْنَ الْإِفَاضَةَ مَخَافَةَ الْحَيْضِ»","vol":"7","page":353},{"text":"١٠٣١٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ، يَقُولُ: «لَا يَنْفِرَنَّ أَحَدٌ حَتَّى يَكُونَ آخِرُ عَهْدِهِ بِالْبَيْتِ»، فَقُلْتُ: مَا لَهُ، أَمَا سَمِعَ مَا سَمِعَ أَصْحَابُهُ؟ \"، ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الْحَائِضِ\n\n١٠٣١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: كَأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ سَمِعَ الْأَمْرَ بِالْوَدَاعِ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعِ الرُّخْصَةَ لِلْحَائِضِ، فَقَالَ بِهِ عَلَى الْعَامِّ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ الرُّخْصَةُ لِلْحَائِضِ ذَكَرَهَا\n\n١٠٣١٦ - وَأُخْبِرْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: جَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ لِلنِّسَاءِ عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ: صَدْرِ الْحَائِضِ إِذَا أَفَاضَتْ بَعْدَ الْمُعَرَّفِ، ثُمَّ حَاضَتْ قَبْلَ الصَّدْرِ","vol":"7","page":354},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-684>الْوقُوفُ فِي الْمُلْتَزَمِ</span>\n١٠٣١٧ - رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْبَابِ يُدْعَى الْمُلْتَزَمُ: لَا يَلْزَمُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا أَحَدٌ، يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ","vol":"7","page":355},{"text":"١٠٣١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" أُحِبُّ لَهُ إِذَا وَدَّعَ الْبَيْتَ أَنْ يَقِفَ فِي الْمُلْتَزَمِ، وَهُوَ مَا بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْبَابِ، فَيَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ، وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ، وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ، وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ، حَمَلْتَنِي عَلَى مَا سَخَّرْتَ لِي مِنْ خَلْقِكَ، حَتَّى سَيَّرْتَنِي فِي بِلَادِكَ، وَبَلَّغْتَنِي بِنَعْمَاكَ حَتَّى أَعَنْتَنِي عَلَى قَضَاءِ مَنَاسِكَكَ، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ رَضِيتَ عَنِّي فَازْدَدْ عَنِّي رِضًا، وَإِلَّا فَمُنَّ الْآنَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْأَى عَنْ بَيْتِكَ دَارِي، فَهَذَا أَوَانُ انْصِرَافِي إِنْ أَذِنْتَ لِي، غَيْرَ مُسْتَبْدِلٍ بِكَ وَلَا بِبَيْتِكَ، وَلَا رَاغِبٍ عَنْكَ وَلَا عَنْ بَيْتِكَ، اللَّهُمَّ فَاصْحَبْنِي بِالْعَافِيَةِ فِي بَدَنِي، وَالْعِصْمَةِ فِي دِينِي، وَأَحْسِنْ مُنْقَلَبِي، وَارْزُقْنِي طَاعَتَكَ مَا أَبْقَيْتَنِي \"\n\n١٠٣١٩ - قَالَ: وَمَا زَادَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَجْزَأَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"7","page":355},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-685>الشُّرْبُ مِنْ مَاءِ زَمْزَمَ</span>","vol":"7","page":356},{"text":"١٠٣٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، ﵀، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مُنْذُ كَمْ أَنْتَ هَا هُنَا؟» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مُنْذُ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا ولَيْلَةً. قَالَ: «فَمَا كَانَ طَعَامُكَ؟»، قُلْتُ: مَا كَانَ لِي طَعَامٌ وَلَا شَرَابٌ إِلَّا مَاءَ زَمْزَمَ، وَلَقَدْ سَمِنْتُ حَتَّى تَكَسَّرَتْ عُكَنُ بَطْنِي، وَمَا أَجِدُ عَلَى كَبِدِي سُخْفَةَ جُوعٍ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّهَا مُبَارَكَةٌ، وَهِيَ طَعَامُ طُعْمٍ وَشِفَاءُ سُقْمٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْلَامِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ","vol":"7","page":356},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-686>مَا يُكْرَهُ مِنْ تَسْمِيَةِ الصَّرُورَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا</span>","vol":"7","page":357},{"text":"١٠٣٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ صَرُورَةٌ، وَلَكِنْ يُقَالُ: لَمْ يَحْجُجْ،\n\n١٠٣٢٢ - وَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: بِحَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، لَكِنْ يُقَالُ: حَجَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ،\n\n١٠٣٢٣ - وَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِلْمُحَرَّمِ: صَفَرٌ، وَلَكِنْ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْمُحَرَّمُ،\n\n١٠٣٢٤ - وَإِنَّمَا كَرِهْتُ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِلْمُحَرَّمِ: صَفَرٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَعُدُّونَ، فَيَقُولُونَ: صَفَرَانِ لِلْمُحَرَّمِ وَصَفَرٌ، وَيَنْسِئُونَ فَيَحُجُّونَ عَامًا فِي شَهْرِ، وَعَامًا فِي غَيْرِهِ، وَيَقُولُونَ: إِنْ أَخْطَأْنَا مَوْضِعَ الْحَرَمِ فِي عَامٍ، أَصَبْنَاهُ فِي غَيْرِهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ﴾ [التوبة: ٣٧] الْآيَةَ\n\n١٠٣٢٥ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، فَلَا شَهْرَ يُنْسَأُ» ⦗٣٥٨⦘،\n\n١٠٣٢٦ - وَسَمَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الْمُحَرَّمَ\n\n١٠٣٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ» انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ، وَتَمَامُهُ: \" إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، السَّنَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ، ثَلَاثَةٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ: ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ، وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَمُحَرَّمٌ، وَرَجَبٌ شَهْرٌ مَضَى بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ \"،\n\n١٠٣٢٨ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الدِّمَاءِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَعْرَاضِ، قَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ بِطُولِهِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ\n\n١٠٣٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ صَرُورَةٌ لِإِطْلَاقِ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا صَرُورَةَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ»،\n\n١٠٣٣٠ - وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، إِنْ صَحَّ وَصَلُهُ وَرَفَعُهُ: إِنَّ سُنَّةَ الدِّينِ أَلَّا يَبْقَى أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَسْتَطِيعُ الْحَجَّ فَلَا يَحُجُّ، حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ صَرُورَةٌ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ،\n\n١٠٣٣١ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ الصَّرُورَةَ: هُوَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي قَدِ انْقَطَعَ عَنِ النِّكَاحِ، وَتَبَتَّلَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِ رَهْبَانِيَّةِ النَّصَارَى فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ⦗٣٥٩⦘،\n\n١٠٣٣٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي بَعْضِ طُرُقِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّهُ نَهَى أَنْ يُقَالَ لِلْمُسْلِمِ: صَرُورَةُ\n\n١٠٣٣٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ: إِنِّي صَرُورَةٌ، فَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ، لَيْسَ بِصَرُورَةٍ،\n\n١٠٣٣٤ - وَقَدْ مَضَتْ هَذِهِ الْآثَارُ بِأَسَانِيدِهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"7","page":357},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-687>مَا يُفْسِدُ الْحَجَّ</span>","vol":"7","page":360},{"text":"١٠٣٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَإِذَا أَصَابَ الْحَاجُّ امْرَأَتَهُ، فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَرْمِيَ جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ، أَوْ يَطُوفَ، مَضَى فِي حَجِّهِ، كَمَا كَانَ يَمْضِي فِيهِ لَوْ لَمْ يُفْسِدْهُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ قَابِلٌ حَجَّ، وَأَهْدَى بَدَنَةً، وَيَحُجَّهَا ⦗٣٦١⦘\n\n١٠٣٣٦ - وَأَخْتَارُ إِذَا بَلَغَ الْمَوْضِعَ الَّذِي أَصَابَهَا فِيهِ أَنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، فَلَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَا نُسُكَهَمَا، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ فِدْيَةٌ، وَلَا إِعَادَةٌ\n\n١٠٣٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِفْسَادِ الْحَجِّ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ بَدَنَةً عَنْهُ وَعَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ: أَكْرَهَهَا أَوْ طَاوَعَتْهُ، وَهَكَذَا الْآثَارُ كُلُّهَا عَنْ جَمِيعِ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لَا يَثْبُتُ عَنْ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ زَعَمَ أَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَدَنَةً \"","vol":"7","page":360},{"text":"١٠٣٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى عَطَاءٌ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مُحْرِمٍ بِحَجَّةٍ أَصَابَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ مُحْرِمَةٌ: «يَقْضِيَانِ حَجَّهُمَا، وَعَلَيْهِمَا الْحَجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ، مِنْ حَيْثُ كَانَا أَحْرَمَا، وَيَفْتَرِقَانِ حَتَّى يُتِمَّانِ حَجَّهُمَا»\n\n١٠٣٣٩ - قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: وَعَلَيْهِمَا بَدَنَةٌ، أَطَاعَتْهُ أَوِ اسْتَكْرَهَهَا، فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِمَا بَدَنَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الشَّيْخِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو يَعْنِي الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٠٣٤٠ - ورَوَاهُ مُجَاهِدٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ: يَقْضِيَانِ حَجَّهُمَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِحَجِّهِمَا ثُمَّ يَرْجِعَانِ حَلَالًا، فَإِذَا كَانَا مِنْ قَابِلٍ حَجَّا وَأَهْدَيَا، وَتَفَرَّقَا فِي الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي أَصَابَهَا","vol":"7","page":361},{"text":"١٠٣٤١ - وَفِيمَا بَلَغَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُمْ سُئِلُوا عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ أَهْلَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ بِالْحَجِّ، فَقَالُوا ⦗٣٦٢⦘: يَمْضِيَانِ لِوِجْهَتِهِمَا حَتَّى يَقْضِيَا حَجَّهُمَا، ثُمَّ عَلَيْهِمَا الْحَجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ وَالْهَدْيُ، وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَإِذَا أَهَلَّا بِالْحَجِّ عَامَ قَابِلٍ تَفَرَّقَا حَتَّى يَقْضِيَا حَجَّهُمَا. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":361},{"text":"١٠٣٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْفَقِيهُ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا، أَتَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ وَقَعَ بِامْرَأَتِهِ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ فَسَلْهُ قَالَ شُعَيْبٌ: فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْهُ الرَّجُلُ، فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ، فَسَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: بَطُلَ حَجُّكَ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: فَمَا أَصْنَعُ؟ قَالَ: اخْرُجْ مَعَ النَّاسِ، وَاصْنَعْ مَا يَصْنَعُونَ، فَإِذَا أَدْرَكْتَ قَابِلًا، فَحُجَّ وَاهْدِ. فَرَجَعَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَسَلْهُ قَالَ شُعَيْبٌ: فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَأَنَا مَعَهُ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا تَقَوُلُ أَنْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: قَوْلِي مِثْلُ مَا قَالَا.\n\n١٠٣٤٣ - وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ سَمَاعِ شُعَيْبٍ مِنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَمِنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"7","page":362},{"text":"١٠٣٤٤ - وقَالَ أَبُو بِشْرٍ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا، مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ ⦗٣٦٣⦘ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ: فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ وَقَعَ بِامْرَأَتِهِ؟ فَقَالَ: يَقْضِيَانِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ نُسُكِهِمَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ قَابِلٌ، حَجَّا، فَإِذَا أَتَيَا الْمَكَانَ الَّذِي أَصَابَا فِيهِ مَا أَصَابَا تَفَرَّقَا، وَعَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا هَدْيٌ، أَوْ قَالَ: عَلَيْهِمَا الْهَدْيُ\n\n١٠٣٤٥ - قَالَ أَبُو بِشْرٍ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فَقَالَ: هَكَذَا كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٠٣٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا وَرَدَ بِالشَّكِّ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، أَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا هَدْيًا، وَاخْتَارَهُ\n\n١٠٣٤٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اقْضِيَا نُسُكَكُمَا وَارْجِعَا إِلَى بَلَدِكُمَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ عَامُ قَابِلٍ فَاخْرُجَا حَاجَّيْنِ، وَإِذَا أَحْرَمْتُمَا فَتَفَرَّقَا حَتَّى تَقْضِيَا نُسُكَكُمَا وَاهْدِيَا هَدْيًا.\n\n١٠٣٤٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ثُمَّ أَهِلَّا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَهْلَلْتُمَا أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ،\n\n١٠٣٤٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: يَنْفُذَانِ لِوُجُوهِهِمَا، فَإِذَا فَرَغَا رَجَعَا، وَإِذَا أَدْرَكَهُمَا الْحَجُّ، فَعَلَيْهِمَا الْحَجُّ وَالْهَدْيُ، وَيُهْلِلَانِ مِنْ حَيْثُ كَانَا أَهَلَّا بِحَجِّهِمَا الَّذِي كَانَا أَفْسَدَا، وَيَتَفَرَّقَا حَتَّى يَقْضِيَا حَجَّهُمَا،\n\n١٠٣٥٠ - وَعَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ: يُتِمَّانِ حَجَّهُمَا، وَعَلَيْهِمَا الْحَجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ذَا مَيْسَرَةٍ أَهْدَى جَزُورًا ⦗٣٦٤⦘.\n\n١٠٣٥١ - وَحَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَلْيُهْدِ نَاقَةً، وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةُ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٠٣٥٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: إِذَا جَامَعَ، فَعَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَدَنَةٌ،\n\n١٠٣٥٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: يُجْزِئُ بَيْنَهُمَا جَزُورٌ،\n\n١٠٣٥٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنْ كَانَتْ أَعَانَتْكَ، فَعَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا نَاقَةٌ حَسْنَاءُ جَمْلَاءُ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَمْ تُعِنْكَ، فَعَلَيْكَ نَاقَةٌ حَسْنَاءُ جَمْلَاءُ\n\n١٠٣٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا تَلَذَّذَ بِهِ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ دُونَ الْجِمَاعِ، فَشَاةٌ تُجْزِئُهُ فِيهِ، وَلَا يَفْسَدُ حَجُّهُ\n\n١٠٣٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ فِي الْقُبْلَةِ شَاةٌ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٠٣٥٧ - وَفِي أَنَّهُ يُتِمُّ حَجَّهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n١٠٣٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمُفْسِدُ بَدَنَةً، ذَبَحَ بَقَرَةً، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ بَقَرَةً، ذَبَحَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ مُعْسِرًا عَنْ هَذَا كُلِّهِ، قُوِّمَتِ الْبَدَنَةُ دَرَاهِمَ بِمَكَّةَ، وَالدَّرَاهِمُ طَعَامًا، ثُمَّ أَطْعَمَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْسِرًا عَنِ الطَّعَامِ، صَامَ عَنْ كُلِّ مُدٍّ يَوْمًا ⦗٣٦٥⦘،\n\n١٠٣٥٩ - وَجَعَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ مَا يَفْعَلُهُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنْ فِعْلٍ، يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ فِدْيَةٌ، وَكَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ الْفِعْلَ لَيْسَ بِإِقَامَةِ شَيْءٍ قِيَاسًا عَلَى الْمُتَمَتِّعِ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فِي أَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَفْدِيَهُ بِغَيْرِ النَّعَمِ، وَهُوَ يَجِدُ النَّعَمَ، وَجَعَلَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ قَدْ مُنِعَ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنْ إِقَامَتِهِ قِيَاسًا عَلَى الصَّيْدِ، ثُمَّ عَلَى حَلْقِ الشَّعْرِ فِي أَنَّ جَزَاءَهَ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ النَّعَمِ وَغَيْرِهَا","vol":"7","page":362},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-688>الْخِيَارُ فِي فِدْيَةِ الْأَذَى</span>","vol":"7","page":366},{"text":"١٠٣٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَآذَاهُ الْقَمْلُ فِي رَأْسِهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ رَأْسَهُ، وَقَالَ: «صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ، مُدَّيْنِ مُدَّيْنِ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ، أَوِ انْسُكْ شَاةً، أَيَّ ذَلِكَ فَعَلْتَ أَجْزَأَ عَنْكَ»\n\n١٠٣٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: غَلَطَ مَالِكٌ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، الْحُفَّاظُ حَفَظُوهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ،\n\n١٠٣٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا سَقَطَ ذِكْرُ مُجَاهِدٍ مِنْ إِسْنَادِهِ فِي الْعَرْضَةِ الَّتِي ⦗٣٦٧⦘ حَضَرَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الْعَرْضَةِ الَّتِي حَضَرَهَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ فِي الْعَرْضَةِ الَّتِي حَضَرَهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، وَذَكَرَ غَيْرُهُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ\n\n١٠٣٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلُ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ،\n\n١٠٣٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي الْمَنَاقِبِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٠٣٦٥ - وَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ","vol":"7","page":366},{"text":"١٠٣٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي غَيْرِ الْمُخْتَصَرِ: حُكْمُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ «كُلَّ نَسِيكَةٍ كَانَتْ فِي حَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ، فَمَحِلُّهَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ، وَمَعْقُولٌ فِي حُكْمِهِ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي جِيرَانِ الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَاجَةِ، فَمَا كَانَتْ فِيهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ، فَلَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا حَيْثُ الْهَدْيُ، وَذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ، فَأَمَّا الصَّوْمُ، فَلَا مَنْفَعَةَ فِيهِ لِأَحَدٍ، فَيَصُومُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ فِي الْفِدْيَةِ» ⦗٣٦٨⦘\n\n١٠٣٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ،\n\n١٠٣٦٨ - وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ فِي جَزَاءِ الصَّيْدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ثُمَّ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ،\n\n١٠٣٦٩ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِيمَنْ أَعْسَرَ: وَلَوْ صَامَ مِنْ فَوْرِهِ ذَلِكَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ","vol":"7","page":367},{"text":"١٠٣٧٠ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي صِيَامِ الْمُفْتَدِي: مَا بَلَغَنِي فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، وَإِنِّي لَأَصْنَعُهُ فِي فَوْرِهِ ذَلِكَ \"\n\n١٠٣٧١ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: كَانَ مُجَاهِدٌ يَقُولُ: فِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ، أَوْ نُسُكٍ فِي حَجِّهِ ذَلِكَ أَوْ عُمْرَتِهِ\n\n١٠٣٧٢ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى قَالَ فِي الْمُفْتَدِي: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَنْ أَصْنَعَ الَّذِي وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِدَاءُ الْفِدْيَةِ، وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحِلَّ إِنْ كَانَ حَاجًّا، وَأَنْ يَنْحَرَ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْتَمِرًا، كَانَ يَطُوفُ \"\n\n١٠٣٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ هَكَذَا، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي حَجَّتِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ: ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَصُومَ، وَلَا يَفْتَدِيَ، وَقَدَّرَ لَهُ نَفَقَتَهُ ⦗٣٦٩⦘، فَكَأَنَّهُ لَوْلَا أَنَّهُ رَأَى الصَّوْمَ يُجْزِئُهُ فِي سَفَرِهِ، لَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ يُسْرِهِ، وَلَقَالَ: أَخِّرْ هَذَا حَتَّى تَصِيرَ إِلَى مَالِكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ مُوسِرًا","vol":"7","page":368},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-689>مَا يَجِبُ بِالْإِفَاضَةِ بَعْدَ التَّحَلُّلِ الْأَوَّلِ</span>","vol":"7","page":370},{"text":"١٠٣٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ بِمِنًى قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفِيضَ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ بَدَنَةً»\n\n١٠٣٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ\n\n١٠٣٧٦ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: عَلَيْهِ عُمْرَةٌ، وَبَدَنَةٌ، وَحَجُّهُ تَامٌّ،\n\n١٠٣٧٧ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، فَتَرَكَ قَوْلَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لِرَأْيِ رَبِيعَةَ.\n\n١٠٣٧٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، يَظُنُّهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، يُرِيدُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الَّذِي يُصِيبُ أَهْلَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفِيضَ، يَعْتَمِرُ وَيَهْدِي\n\n١٠٣٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَالِكٌ سَيِّئُ الْقَوْلِ فِي عِكْرِمَةَ، لَا يَرَى لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ ⦗٣٧١⦘ حَدِيثَهُ، وَهُوَ يَرْوِي بِيَقِينٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ خِلَافَهُ، وَعَطَاءٌ ثِقَةٌ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَ النَّاسِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا،\n\n١٠٣٨٠ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَمَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ مُفْتِيِّ الْأَمْصَارِ قَالَ هَذَا قَبْلَ رَبِيعَةَ، إِلَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَهَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنَّا وَعَنْهُ مِنْ ضَرْبِ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ قَضَى بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، وَمَنْ قَبَّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ اعْتَكَفَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا\n\n١٠٣٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فِي رِوَايَةِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذَا قَالَ: وَيَنْحَرَانِ جَزُورًا بَيْنَهُمَا، وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْحَجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ","vol":"7","page":370},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-690>الْعُمْرَةُ</span>\n١٠٣٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيمَنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ مِنْ مِيقَاتٍ فَأَفْسَدَهَا، فَلَا يُجْزِئُهُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَهَا إِلَّا مِنَ الْمِيقَاتِ الَّذِي ابْتِدَأَ مِنْهُ الْعُمْرَةَ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ الْقَضَاءَ إِلَّا بِعَمَلِ مِثْلِهِ، وَمَنْ قَالَ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَهَا خَارِجًا مِنَ الْحَرَمِ، إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ مُهِلَّةً بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَأَنَّهَا رَفَضَتِ الْعُمْرَةَ، وَأَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِأَنْ تَقْضِيَهَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا كَمَا رُوِيَ، وَإِنَّمَا أَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ تُدْخِلَ الْحَجَّ عَلَى الْعُمْرَةِ، فَكَانَتْ قَارِنًا، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ عُمْرَتُهَا شَيْئًا اسْتَحَبَّتْهُ، فَأَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِهَا، لَا أَنَّ عُمْرَتَهَا كَانَتْ قَضَاءً، وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا رُوِّينَا فِي مَسْأَلَةِ طَوَافِ الْقَارِنِ\n\n١٠٣٨٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فِيمَنْ أَفْسَدَ حَجَّهُ: عَلَيْهِ الْحَجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ، مِنْ حَيْثُ كَانَ أَحْرَمَ ⦗٣٧٣⦘\n\n١٠٣٨٤ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يُحْرِمُ مِنَ الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي كَانَ أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجَّةِ الَّتِي أَفْسَدَهَا،\n\n١٠٣٨٥ - وَبِهِ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ\n\n١٠٣٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ قَدِمَتْ مُعْتَمِرَةً، فَطَافَتْ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، فَوَقَعَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْتَضِيَ عُمْرَتُهَا، أَوْ قَالَ: قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقَصِّرَ؟ فَقَالَ: لِتَهْدِ بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً\n\n١٠٣٨٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَضَتْ مَنَاسِكَهَا إِلَّا التَّقْصِيرَ، وَقَالَ: انْحَرِي نَاقَةً، أَوْ بَقَرَةً، أَوْ شَاةً،\n\n١٠٣٨٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطُوفَ، بِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ بَعْدَمَا طَافَتْ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ: جَزُورٌ أَوْ بَقَرَةٌ. قَالَ: فَأَيُّ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ: جَزُورٌ،\n\n١٠٣٨٩ - وَالرِّوَايَةُ الْأُولَى عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، أَصَحُّ","vol":"7","page":372},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-691>إِدْرَاكُ الْحَجِّ بِإِدْرَاكِ عَرَفَةَ</span>\n١٠٣٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ بُكَيْرَ بْنَ عَطَاءٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ يَعْمُرَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «الْحَجُّ عَرَفَاتٌ، مَنْ أَدْرَكَ عَرَفَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْحَجَّ، أَيَّامُ مِنًى ثَلَاثٌ، مَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ لِمَنِ اتَّقَى»","vol":"7","page":374},{"text":"١٠٣٩١ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْمُرَ الدِّيلِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «الْحَجُّ عَرَفَاتٌ، فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ لَيْلَةَ جَمْعٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ، أَيَّامُ مِنًى ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ، فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٠٣٩٢ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ: لَيْسَ عِنْدَكُمْ بِالْكُوفَةِ حَدِيثٌ أَشْرَفَ مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"7","page":375},{"text":"١٠٣٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي السَّفَرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّسِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ لَامٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِجَمْعٍ، فَقُلْتُ: هَلْ لِي مِنْ حَجٍّ؟ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ صَلَّى مَعَنَا هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ، وَوَقَفَ مَعَنَا هَذَا الْمَوْقِفَ حَتَّى نَفِيضَ، وَأَفَاضَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا، فَقَدْ تَمَّ حَجُّهُ، وَقَضَى تَفَثَهُ»","vol":"7","page":375},{"text":"١٠٣٩٤ - ورَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّسٍ الطَّائِيِّ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ بِجَمْعٍ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، جِئْتُكَ مِنْ جَبَلَيْ طَيِّئٍ، وَقَدْ أَكْلَلْتُ مَطِيَّتِي، وَأَتْعَبْتُ نَفْسِي، وَوَاللَّهِ مَا تَرَكْتُ مِنْ حَبْلٍ إِلَّا وَقَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَهَلْ لِي مِنْ حَجٍّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٧٦⦘: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مَعَنَا هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ، وَقَدْ أَتَى عَرَفَاتٍ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا، فَقَدْ قَضَى تَفَثَهُ، وَتَمَّ حَجُّهُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُعَدِّلُ بِمَرْوَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُوجِّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"7","page":375},{"text":"١٠٣٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ الْعِيدَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «يَجُوزُ الْحَجُّ إِذَا وَقَفَ بِعَرَفَةَ عَلَى الرُّؤْيَةِ، وَإِنْ عَلِمُوا بَعْدَ الْوقُوفِ بِعَرَفَةَ أَنَّ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ هُوَ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ»\n\n١٠٣٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: رَجُلٌ حَجَّ أَوَّلَ مَا حَجَّ، فَأَخْطَأَ النَّاسُ بِيَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، أَيُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، إِي لَعَمْرِي إِنَّهَا لَتُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ»\n\n١٠٣٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحْسَبَهُ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فِطْرُكُمْ يَوْمَ تُفْطِرُونَ، وَأَضْحَاكُمْ يَوْمَ تُضَحُّونَ». وَأُرَاهُ قَالَ: «وَعَرَفَةُ يَوْمَ تَعْرِفُونَ»\n\n١٠٣٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مُرْسَلًا: «يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ الَّذِي يِعْرِفُ فِيهِ النَّاسُ» ⦗٣٧٧⦘\n\n١٠٣٩٩ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: «فِطْرُكُمْ يَوْمَ تُفْطِرُونَ، وَأَضْحَاكُمْ يَوْمَ تُضَحُّونَ»، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"7","page":376},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-692>دُخُولُ مَكَّةَ بِغَيْرِ إِرَادَةِ حَجٍّ وَلَا عُمْرَةٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":378},{"text":"١٠٤٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٥]، إِلَى ﴿وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٥]\n\n١٠٤٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" الْمَثَابَةُ فِي كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ: الْمَوْضِعُ يَثُوبُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ وَيَئُوبُونَ: يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْدَ الذَّهَابِ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ يُقَالُ: ثَابَ إِلَيْهِ: اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ، فَالْمَثَابَةُ تَجَمُّعُ الِاجْتِمَاعِ، وَيَثُوبُونَ: يَجْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعِينَ بَعْدَ ذَهَابِهِمْ مِنْهُ وَمُبْتَدِئِينَ\"\n\n١٠٤٠٢ - قَالَ وَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ يَذْكُرُ الْبَيْتَ:\n[البحر الطويل]\n⦗٣٧٩⦘\nمَثَابًا لِأَفْنَاءِ الْقَبَائِلِ كُلِّهَا ... تَخُبُّ إِلَيْهِ الْيَعْمِلَاتُ الذَّوَامِلُ،\n\n١٠٤٠٣ - وَقَالَ خِدَاشُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ:\n[البحر الطويل]\nفَمَا بَرِحَتْ بَكْرٌ تَثُوبُ وَتَدَّعِي ... وَيَلْحَقُ مِنْهُمُ أَوَّلُونَ وَآخِرُ\n\n١٠٤٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَمًا آمِنًا وَيُتَخَطَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِمْ﴾ [العنكبوت: ٦٧]، يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: آمِنًا مَنْ صَارَ إِلَيْهِ لَا يُتَخَطَّفُ اخْتِطَافَ مَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ،\n\n١٠٤٠٥ - إِلَى هَا هُنَا قُرِئَ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظِ، وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ، وَمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِجَازَةً\n\n١٠٤٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلِهِ ﵇: ﴿وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالًا، وَعَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ﴾ [الحج: ٢٧]\n⦗٣٨٠⦘\n\n١٠٤٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ لَمَّا أَمَرَ بِهَذَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇، وَقَفَ عَلَى الْمَقَامِ، فَصَاحَ صَيْحَةً: عِبَادَ اللَّهِ، أَجِيبُوا دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ، فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُ، حَتَّى مَنْ فِي أَصْلَابِ الرِّجَالِ وَأَرْحَامِ النِّسَاءِ، فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ بَعْدَ دعَوَتِهِ فَهُوَ مِمَّنْ أَجَابَ دَعْوَتَهُ، وَوَافَاهُ مَنْ وَافَاهُ، يَقُولُونَ: لَبَّيْكَ دَاعِيَ رَبِّنَا لَبَّيْكَ\n\n١٠٤٠٨ - قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حَجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا، وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧]،\n\n١٠٤٠٩ - فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةَ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فِينَا وَفِي الْأُمَمِ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّاسَ مَنْدُوبُونَ إِلَى إِتْيَانِ الْبَيْتِ بِإِحْرَامٍ\n\n١٠٤١٠ - قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٥]،\n\n١٠٤١١ - وَقَالَ: ﴿فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٣٧]\n\n١٠٤١٢ - قَالَ: فَكَانَ مِمَّا نُدِبُوا لَهُ إِلَى إِتْيَانِ الْحَرَمِ بِالْإِحْرَامِ\n\n١٠٤١٣ - قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ ﵇ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، طَأْطَأَهُ، فَشَكَى الْوَحْشَةَ إِلَى أَصْوَاتِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، مَا لِي لَا أَسْمَعُ حِسَّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ؟ قَالَ: خَطِيئَتُكَ يَا آدَمُ، وَلَكِنِ اذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ لِي بَيْتًا ⦗٣٨١⦘ بِمَكَّةَ فَائْتِهِ، فَافْعَلْ حَوْلَهُ نَحْوَ مَا رَأَيْتَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَفْعَلُونَ حَوْلَ عَرْشِي، فَأَقْبَلَ يَتَخَطَّى، مَوْضِعُ كُلِّ قَدَمٍ قَرْيَةٌ، وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا مَفَازَةٌ، فَلَقِيَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِالرَّدْمِ، فَقَالُوا: «بِرَّ حَجَّكَ يَا آدَمُ، لَقَدْ حَجَجْنَا هَذَا الْبَيْتَ قَبْلَكَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ»","vol":"7","page":378},{"text":"١٠٤١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ قَالَ: حَجَّ آدَمُ فَلَقِيَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، فَقَالُوا: بِرَّ نُسُكَكَ يَا آدَمُ، لَقَدْ حَجَجْنَا قَبْلَكَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٠٤١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَيُحْكَى أَنَّ النَّبِيِّينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ كَانُوا يَحُجُّونَ، فَإِذَا جَاءُوا الْحَرَمَ مَشَوْا إِعْظَامًا لَهُ، وَمَشَوْا حُفَاةً،\n\n١٠٤١٦ - وَلَمْ يُحْكَ لَنَا عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ، وَلَا الْأُمَمِ الْخَالِينَ أَنَّهُ جَاءَ الْبَيْتَ أَحَدٌ قَطُّ إِلَّا حَرَامًا، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ عَلِمْنَاهُ إِلَّا حَرَامًا، إِلَّا فِي حَرْبِ الْفَتْحِ،\n\n١٠٤١٧ - فَبِهَذَا قُلْنَا: إِنَّ سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي عِبَادِهِ أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلُوا الْحَرَمَ إِلَّا حَرَامًا،\n\n١٠٤١٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: إِلَّا أَنَّ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا مَنْ رَخَّصَ ⦗٣٨٢⦘ للْحَطَّابِينَ وَمَنْ مَدْخَلُهُ إِيَّاهَا لِمَنَافِعِ النَّاسِ وَالْكَسْبِ لِنَفْسِهِ، ثُمَّ عَلَّقَ الْقَوْلَ فِيهِمْ وَقَطَعَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ بِالرُّخْصَةِ لَهُمْ","vol":"7","page":381},{"text":"١٠٤١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَكْرَهُ لِكُلِّ مَنْ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ مِنَ الْحِلِّ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا وَغَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلَهَا إِلَّا مُحْرِمًا، وَإِنْ كَثُرَ اخْتِلَافُهُ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ يَدْخُلُونَهَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ خَدَمِ أَهْلِهَا مِنَ الْحَطَّابِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَإِنِّي أُرَخِّصُ لِأُولَئِكَ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوهَا بِغَيْرِ إِحْرَامٍ، وُيُحْرِمُوا فِي بَعْضِ السَّنَةِ إِحْرَامًا وَاحِدًا، وَلَوْ أَحْرَمُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ \".\n\n١٠٤٢٠ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي قُلْتُ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَطَاءٍ إِلَّا أَنَّ فِيهِ زِيَادَةً عَلَى قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: يُحْرِمُونَ فِي السَّنَةِ.\n\n١٠٤٢١ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ، وَزِيَادَةٌ عَلَى قَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ: لَوْ أَحْرَمُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ","vol":"7","page":382},{"text":"١٠٤٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُدْخِلُ غِلْمَانَهُ الْحَرَمَ بِغَيْرِ إِحْرَامٍ وَيَنْتَفِعُ بِهِمْ» وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِيهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٠٤٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَمِنَ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ مَنْ قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِغَيْرِ إِحْرَامٍ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ غَيْرَ مُحْرِمٍ","vol":"7","page":382},{"text":"١٠٤٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ أَقْبَلَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِقُدَيْدٍ، جَاءَهُ خَبْرٌ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَرَجَعَ فَدَخَلَ مَكَّةَ بِغَيْرِ إِحْرَامٍ \"\n\n١٠٤٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يُخَالِفُهُ، وَمَعَهُ مَا وَصَفْنَا، وَرُوِيَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مَا","vol":"7","page":383},{"text":"١٠٤٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَرُدُّ مَنْ جَاوَزَ الْمَوَاقِيتَ غَيْرَ مُحْرِمٍ»\n\n١٠٤٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «مَا يَدْخُلُ مَكَّةَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، وَلَا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا إِلَّا بِإِحْرَامٍ»\n\n١٠٤٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ خَائِفًا لِحَرْبٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا بِغَيْرِ إِحْرَامٍ، دَخَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ غَيْرَ مُحْرِمٍ","vol":"7","page":383},{"text":"١٠٤٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ الْمِغْفَرُ»، فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ ابْنَ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اقْتُلُوهُ» ⦗٣٨٤⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٠٤٣٠ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَلَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُحْرِمًا","vol":"7","page":383},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-693>بَابُ فَوْتِ الْحَجِّ بِلَا إِحْصَارٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":385},{"text":"١٠٤٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ لَيْلَةَ النَّحْرِ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ، فَوَقَفَ بِجِبَالِ عَرَفَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْحَجَّ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَرَفَةَ فَيَقِفَ بِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَقَدْ فَاتَهُ الْحَجُّ، فَلْيَأْتِ الْبَيْتَ، فَلْيَطُفْ بِهِ سَبْعًا وَيَطُوفُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ سَبْعًا، ثُمَّ لِيَحْلِقْ أَوْ يُقَصِّرْ إِنْ شَاءَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ فَلْيَنْحَرْهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ وَسَعْيِهِ فَلْيَحْلِقْ أَوْ يُقَصِّرْ، ثُمَّ لِيَرْجِعْ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَهُ الْحَجُّ قَابِلَ، فَلْيَحُجَّ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ وَلْيَهْدِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا فَلْيَصُمْ عَنْهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ، وَسَبْعَةً إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ»","vol":"7","page":385},{"text":"١٠٤٣٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ، خَرَجَ حَاجًّا حَتَّى ⦗٣٨٦⦘ كَانَ بِالنَّازِيَةِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ أَضَلَّ رَوَاحِلَهُ وَأَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: «اصْنَعْ كَمَا يَصْنَعُ الْمُعْتَمِرُ، ثُمَّ قَدْ حَلَلْتَ، فَإِذَا أَدْرَكْتَ الْحَجَّ قَابِلَ فَاحْجُجْ، وَاهْدِ مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ»\n\n١٠٤٣٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ هَبَّارَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ، جَاءَ وَعُمَرُ يَنْحَرُ بَكْرَهُ، لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى هَذَا، وَتَمَامُهُ فِيمَا","vol":"7","page":385},{"text":"١٠٤٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ هَبَّارَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ، جَاءَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَنْحَرُ هَدْيَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَخْطَأْنَا الْعِدَّةَ، كُنَّا نَظُنُّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «اذْهَبْ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَطُفْ وَمَنْ مَعَكَ، وَانْحَرُوا هَدْيًا إِنْ كَانَ مَعَكُمْ، ثُمَّ احْلِقُوا، أَوْ قَصِّرُوا، ثُمَّ ارْجِعُوا، فَإِذَا كَانَ عَامُ قَابِلٍ، فَحُجُّوا، وَاهْدُوا، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةً إِذَا رَجَعَ»\n\n١٠٤٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، دَلَالَةٌ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ يَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ مُعْتَمِرٍ، لَا أَنَّ إِحْرَامَهُ عُمْرَةٌ\n\n١٠٤٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: لَا هَدْيَ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n١٠٤٣٧ - وَرَوَى فِيهِ حَدِيثًا عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ أَمْرَهُ بِالْهَدْيِ ⦗٣٨٧⦘\n\n١٠٤٣٨ - قَالَ: وَسَأَلْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، فَقَالَ: كَمَا قَالَ عُمَرُ\n\n١٠٤٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةُ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ الضَّبِّيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ\n\n١٠٤٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، مِثْلُ قَوْلِنَا فِي أَمْرِهِ بِالْهَدْيِ، وَحَدِيثُكَ يُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَنَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَحَدِيثُنَا يَزِيدُ عَلَيْهِ: الْهَدْيُ، وَالَّذِي يَزِيدُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَأْتِ بِالزِّيَادَةِ\n\n١٠٤٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، كَمَا قُلْنَا مَوْصُولًا\n\n١٠٤٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي، قِصَّةِ ابْنِ حُزَابَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الْهَدْيِ\n\n١٠٤٤٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ نَسِيَ شَيْئًا مِنْ نُسُكِهِ، أَوْ تَرَكَهُ، فَلْيُهْرِقْ دَمًا\n\n١٠٤٤٤ - وَرَوَى الثَّوْرِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَسْوَدِ: وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ هَدْيٌ،\n\n١٠٤٤٥ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَفْرِيعًا مِنْ بَعْضِ الرُّوَاةِ فَقَدْ\n\n١٠٤٤٦ - رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ،\n\n١٠٤٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ ⦗٣٨٨⦘،\n\n١٠٤٤٨ - فَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَحْفُوظَةً وَقَعَ فِيهَا التَّعَارُضُ، وَحَدِيثُ الْأَسْوَدِ مُتَّصِلٌ، وَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مِنَ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مُنْقَطِعٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ سُلَيْمَانَ مُثْبَتٌ إِثْبَاتًا لَا يُشْبِهُ الْغَلَطَ لِذِكْرِ الْهَدْيِ عِنْدَ وُجُودِهِ، وَالرُّجُوعِ إِلَى بَدَلِهِ عِنْدَ عَدَمِهِ، وَحَدِيثُ الْأَسْوَدِ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَعْضُ رُوَاتِهِ اسْتَدَلَّ بِسُكُوتِهِ عَنِ الْهَدْيِ، عَلَى أَنَّ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ هَدْيٌ، وَمَعَ رِوَايَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَعُمُومُ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠٤٤٩ - ثُمَّ قَدْ رَوَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ هَبَّارِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ فَاتَهُ الْحَجُّ حَتَّى يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: مَا شَأَنُكَ؟، فَقَالَ لَهُ هَبَّارٌ: خَرَجْتُ مِنَ الشَّامِ فَأَخْطَأْتُ الْعِدَّةَ، وَكَانَ مَعِي أَهْلِي، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «تَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ احْلِقْ أَوْ قَصِّرْ، فَإِنْ أَدْرَكْتَ حَجَّ قَابِلٍ فَاحْجُجْ أَنْتَ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَكَ، وَاهْدُوا، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا فَلْيَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةً إِذَا رَجَعَ»\n\n١٠٤٥٠ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ نَافِعٌ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يُفْتِي بِذَلِكَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ بْنُ أَبِي نَصْرٍ ﵁ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ السِّيورِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَلُّوَيْهِ الدَّقَّاقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ،\n\n١٠٤٥١ - فَصَارَ حَدِيثُ هَبَّارٍ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ جِهَةِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، حَيْثُ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ سَمَاعَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، مِنْ هَبَّارٍ، وَحَيْثُ عَزَى فَتْوَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ زَائِدٌ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ حَالٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ ⦗٣٨٩⦘\n\n١٠٤٥٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ أَلْحَقْتُهَا بَعْدَ سَمَاعِ الْجَمَاعَةِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْجُزْءِ مَعَ الْمَشَايخِ فِي الْكَرَّةِ الْأُولَى","vol":"7","page":386},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-694>الْعَبْدُ يَتَمَتَّعُ بِإِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ</span>","vol":"7","page":390},{"text":"١٠٤٥٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «إِنْ أَذِنْتَ لِعَبْدِكَ يَتَمَتَّعُ، فَمَاتَ فَأَغْرِمْ عَنْهُ»\n\n١٠٤٥٤ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْفَرْقَ بَيْنَهُ حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا،\n\n١٠٤٥٥ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا أَجَزْنَا أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهُمْ بِالْخَبَرِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ سَعْدًا أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْ أُمِّهِ ٨","vol":"7","page":390},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-695>مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِحَجَّتَيْنِ</span>","vol":"7","page":391},{"text":"١٠٤٥٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: وَإِذَا كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَكَثِيرٌ مِمَّنْ حَفِظْنَا عَنْهُمْ لَمْ نَعْلَمْ مِنْهُمُ اخْتِلَافًا، يَقُولُونَ: «إِذَا أَهَلَّ بِحَجٍّ، ثُمَّ فَاتَهُ عَرَفَةُ، لَمْ يُقِمْ حَرَامًا، وَطَافَ وَسَعَى وَحَلَقَ، ثُمَّ قَضَى الْحَجَّ الْفَائِتَ لَهُ، لَمْ يَجُزْ أَبَدًا فِي الَّذِي لَمْ يَفُتْهُ الْحَجُّ أَنْ يُقِيمَ حَرَامًا بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ بِحَجٍّ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَجُزْ لَمْ يَجُزْ إِلَّا سُقُوطُ إِحْدَى الْحَجَّتَيْنِ»، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠٤٥٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي وَجْهٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا أَهَلَّ بِحَجَّتَيْنِ، فَهُوَ مُهِلٌّ بِحَجٍّ،\n\n١٠٤٥٨ - وَتَابَعَهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ","vol":"7","page":391},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-696>بَابُ الْإِجَازَةِ بِالْحَجِّ</span>\n١٠٤٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَلَا بَأْسَ بِالْإِجَازَةِ عَلَى الْحَجِّ، وَعَلَى الْعُمْرَةِ، وَعَلَى تَعْلِيمِ الْقُرْآنِ وَالْخَيْرِ","vol":"7","page":392},{"text":"١٠٤٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً بِسُورَةٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٩٣⦘\n\n١٠٤٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالنِّكَاحُ لَا يَجُوزُ إِلَّا بِمَا لَهُ قِيمَةٌ مِنَ الْإِجَارَاتِ وَالْأَثْمَانِ\n\n١٠٤٦٢ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَبَلَغَنَا عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَقَى رَجُلًا بِقُرْآنٍ، فَبَرَأَ، فَأَهْدَى لَهُ قَطِيعًا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «اقْبَلْهَا، وَاضْرِبْ لِي فِيهَا بِسَهْمٍ، أَوْ نَحْوِ هَذَا»","vol":"7","page":392},{"text":"١٠٤٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ هِلَالُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحَفَّارُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَشْعَثِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: نَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلًا فَجَاءَتْنَا جَارِيَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ سَيِّدَ الْحَيِّ سُلَيْمٌ، لُدِغَ، فَهَلْ فِي الْقَوْمِ مِنْ رَاقٍ؟ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، مَا كُنَّا نَأْتِيهِ بِرُقْيَةٍ، وَلَا نَرَاهُ يُحْسِنُهَا، فَذَهَبَ فَرَقَاهُ، فَأَمَرَ لَهُ بِثَلَاثِينَ شَاةً، وَحَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَسَقَانَا لَبَنًا، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ، قُلْنَا: مَا كُنَّا نَرَاكَ تُحْسِنُ رُقْيَةً قَالَ: وَلَا أُحْسِنُهَا، إِنَّمَا رَقَيْتُهُ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ، قُلْتُ: لَا تُحَدِّثُوا فِيهَا شَيْئًا، حَتَّى آتِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ قَالَ: فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: «مَا كَانَ يُدْرِيهِ أَنَّهَا رُقْيَةٌ، اقْسِمُوهَا وَاضْرِبُوا لِي بِسَهْمٍ مَعَكُمْ» ⦗٣٩٤⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ،\n\n١٠٤٦٤ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: بِقَطِيعٍ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ","vol":"7","page":393},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-697>بَابُ قَتْلِ الْمُحْرِمِ صَيْدًا عَمْدًا أَوْ خَطَأً</span>\n١٠٤٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]\n\n١٠٤٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يُجْزَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا أَوْ خَطَأً قَالَ: وَالْجِنَايَةُ عَلَى قَاتِلِ الصَّيْدِ عَمْدًا، لَا يَحْظُرُ أَنْ يُوجِبَ عَلَى قَاتِلِهِ خَطَأً، قِيَاسًا عَلَى الْقُرْآنِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَالْإِجْمَاعِ،\n\n١٠٤٦٧ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ إِيجَابَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الْكَفَّارَةَ فِي قَتْلِ النَّفْسِ الْمَمْنُوعَةِ بِالْإِسْلَامِ أَوِ الْعَهْدِ خَطَأً،\n\n١٠٤٦٨ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ الصَّيْدُ مُحَرَّمًا كُلُّهُ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ، كَانَ كَذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ مَمْنُوعًا مِنَ الصَّيْدِ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ لَا يَتَفَرَّقُ كَمَا لَمْ يُفَرِّقِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بَيْنَ الْغُرْمِ فِي الْمَمْنُوعِ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ فِي الْعَمْدِ وَالْخَطَأِ، إِلَّا الْمَأْثَمَ فِي الْعَمْدِ ⦗٣٩٦⦘\n\n١٠٤٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قَالَهُ مِمَّنْ قَبْلَنَا غَيْرِي","vol":"7","page":395},{"text":"١٠٤٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]، قُلْتُ لَهُ: فَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ خَطَأً أَيَغْرَمُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، يُعَظِّمُ بِذَلِكَ حُرُمَاتِ اللَّهِ، وَمَضَتْ بِهِ السُّنَنُ","vol":"7","page":396},{"text":"١٠٤٧١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يَغْرَمُونَ فِي الْخَطَأِ»\n\n١٠٤٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَهَلْ شَيْءٌ أَعْلَى مِنْ هَذَا؟ قِيلَ: شَيْءٌ يَحْتَمِلُ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، وَيَحْتَمِلُ خِلَافَهُ، فَإِنْ قَالَ: مَا هُوَ؟ قِيلَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قُرَيْرٍ: انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا","vol":"7","page":396},{"text":"١٠٤٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قُرَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَجْرَيْتُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبٌ لِي فَرَسَيْنِ نَسْتَبِقُ إِلَى ثُغْرَةِ ثَنِيَّةٍ، فَأَصَبْنَا ظَبْيًا، وَنَحْنُ مُحْرِمَانِ، فَمَاذَا تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ: تَعَالَ حَتَّى أَحْكُمَ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ قَالَ: فَحَكَمَا عَلَيْهِ بِعَنْزٍ، فَوَلَّى الرَّجُلُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: هَذَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ فِي ظَبْيٍ حَتَّى دَعَا رَجُلًا يَحْكُمُ مَعَهُ، فَسَمِعَ عُمَرُ قَوْلَ الرَّجُلِ، فَدَعَاهُ فَسَأَلَهُ: هَلْ تَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْمَائِدَةِ؟ قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: فَهَلْ تَعْرِفُ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي ⦗٣٩٧⦘ حَكَمَ مَعِي؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، فَقَالَ: لَوْ أَخْبَرْتَنِي أَنَّكَ تَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْمَائِدَةِ لَأَوْجَعْتُكَ ضَرْبًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: ﴿يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]، وَهَذَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ \"\n\n١٠٤٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَا أَوْطَآ الضَّبَّ مُخْطِئَيْنِ بِإِيطَائِهِ\n\n١٠٤٧٥ - قُلْتُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، فِيمَنْ ذَبَحَ ظَبْيًا وَهُوَ نَاسٍ لِإِحْرَامِهِ، أَنَّهُ حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَذَلِكَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وسَعْدٌ","vol":"7","page":396},{"text":"١٠٤٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: «أَنَّ مُحْرِمًا أَلْقَى جَوَالِقَ، فَأَصَابَ يَرْبُوعًا فَقَتَلَهُ، فَقَضَى فِيهِ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ بِجَفْرٍ أَوْ جَفْرَةٍ»","vol":"7","page":397},{"text":"١٠٤٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: كَانَ مُجَاهِدٌ يَقُولُ: «وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا غَيْرَ نَاسٍ لِحُرْمِهِ، وَلَا مُرِيدًا غَيْرَهُ، فَأَخْطَأَ بِهِ، فَقَدْ أَحَلَّ، وَلَيْسَتْ لَهُ رُخْصَةٌ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ نَاسِيًا لِحُرْمِهِ، أَوْ أَرَادَ غَيْرَهُ فَأَخْطَأَ بِهِ، فَذَلِكَ الْعَمْدُ الْمُكَفَّرُ عَنْهُ مِنَ النَّعَمِ» ⦗٣٩٨⦘\n\n١٠٤٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: قَوْلُهُ أَحَلَّ، أَحْسَبُهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى عُقُوبَةِ اللَّهِ\n\n١٠٤٧٩ - قَالَ: وَمَعْنَاهُ فِي الصَّيْدِ أَنَّهُ لَا يُكَفَّرُ الْعَمْدُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْلِطُهُ خَطَأٌ، وَيُكَفَّرُ الْعَمْدُ الَّذِي يَخْلِطُهُ الْخَطَأُ، يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّهُ إِنْ عَمَدَ قَتْلَهُ، وَنَسِيَ إِحْرَامَهُ، أَوْ عَمَدَ غَيْرَهُ فَأَصَابَهُ، يَعْنِي كَفَّرَ","vol":"7","page":397},{"text":"١٠٤٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا قَالَ: «فَقَتَلَهُ نَاسِيًا لِحُرْمِهِ، فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يُحْكَمُ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مُتَعَمِّدًا لِقَتْلِهِ ذَاكِرًا لِحُرْمِهِ لَمْ يُحْكَمْ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٠٤٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: يُحْكَمُ عَلَيْهِ، وَبِقُولِ عَطَاءٍ: نَأْخُذُ","vol":"7","page":398},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-698>مَنْ عَادَ لَقَتْلِ الصَّيْدِ</span>","vol":"7","page":399},{"text":"١٠٤٨٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: ﴿عَفَا اللَّهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ: عَفَا عَمَّا كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، قُلْتُ: وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَمَنْ عَادَ فَيَنْتَقِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ: مَنْ عَادَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَيَنْتَقِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْكَفَّارَةُ. قَالَ: وَإِنْ عَمَدَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَهَلْ فِي الْعَوْدِ مِنْ حَدٍّ يُعْلَمُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: أَفَتَرَى حَقًّا عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُعَاقِبَهُ؟ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: لَا، إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ، وَيَفْتَدِي \"","vol":"7","page":399},{"text":"١٠٤٨٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْمُحْرِمِ يَقْتُلُ الصَّيْدَ عَمْدًا:  «يُحْكَمُ عَلَيْهِ كُلَّمَا قَتَلَ»","vol":"7","page":399},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-699>بَابُ جَزَاءِ الصَّيْدِ، فِدْيَةُ النَّعَامِ</span>","vol":"7","page":400},{"text":"١٠٤٨٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَزَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ، قَالُوا فِي النَّعَامَةِ يَقْتُلُهَا الْمُحْرِمُ: «بَدَنَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»\n\n١٠٤٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْأَكْثَرِ مِمَّنْ لَقِيتُ، فَبِقَوْلِهِمْ: إِنَّ فِي النَّعَامَةِ بَدَنَةً، وَبِالْقِيَاسِ قُلْنَا فِي النَّعَامَةِ بَدَنَةٌ، لَا بِهَذَا\n\n١٠٤٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ: لِأَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ عَطَاءً الْخُرَاسَانِيَّ وُلِدَ سَنَةَ خَمْسِينَ. قَالَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، فَلَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُمَرَ، وَلَا عُثْمَانَ، وَلَا عَلِيًّا، وَلَا زَيْدًا، وَلَوْ كَانَ فِي زَمَنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ صَبِيًّا، وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ لَهُ سَمَاعٌ مِنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ؛ لِأَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَسِتِّينَ، وَعَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ مَعَ انْقِطَاعِ حَدِيثِهِ، مِمَّنْ سَمَّيْنَا مِمَّنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ⦗٤٠٣⦘\n\n١٠٤٨٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٠٤٨٨ - وَفِيهِ أَيْضًا إِرْسَالٌ،\n\n١٠٤٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنٌ","vol":"7","page":402},{"text":"١٠٤٩٠ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: فَكَانَتْ ذَاتَ جَنِينٍ حِينَ سَمَّيْتُهَا أَنَّهَا جَزَاءُ النَّعَامَةِ، ثُمَّ وَلَدَتْ، فَمَاتَ وَلَدُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ، أَغْرَمُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: فَابْتَعْتُهَا وَمَعَهَا وَلَدُهَا، فَأَهْدَيْتُهَا، فَمَاتَ وَلَدُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ أَغْرَمُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا \"\n\n١٠٤٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ عَطَاءً يَرَى فِي النَّعَامَةِ بَدَنَةً، وَبِقَوْلِهِ نَقُولُ فِي الْبَدَنَةِ، وَالْجَنِينِ فِي كُلِّ مَوْضِعٍ وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ بَدَنَةٌ، فَأَوْجَبَتْ جَنِينًا مَعَهَا، فَيُنْحَرُ مَعَهَا، وَنَقُولُ فِي كُلِّ صَيْدٍ ذَاتِ جَنِينٍ، فَفِيهِ مِثْلُهُ: ذَاتُ جَنِينٍ","vol":"7","page":403},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-700>بَقَرَةُ الْوَحْشِ وَحِمَارُ الْوَحْشِ، وَالثَّيْتَلُ وَالْوَعِلُ</span>\n١٠٤٩٢ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْوَاجِبِ: فِيهَا مَا بِهِ الْمِثْلُ،\n\n١٠٤٩٣ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي بَقَرَةِ الْوَحْشِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي حِمَارِ الْوَحْشِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي الْأَيِّلِ بَقَرَةٌ»","vol":"7","page":404},{"text":"١٠٤٩٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي بَقَرَةِ الْوَحْشِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي الْأَيِّلِ بَقَرَةٌ»، وَهَذَانِ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُمَا\n\n١٠٤٩٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «فِي النَّعَامَةِ جَزُورٌ، وَفِي الْبَقَرَةِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي الْحِمَارِ بَقَرَةٌ»","vol":"7","page":404},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-701>الضَّبُعُ</span>","vol":"7","page":405},{"text":"١٠٤٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ أَبَا الزُّبَيْرِ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَضَى فِي الضَّبُعِ بِكَبْشٍ»، وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الربيع، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٠٤٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَنْ حَفِظْتُ عَنْهُ مِنْ مُفْتِينَا الْمَكِّيِّينَ","vol":"7","page":405},{"text":"١٠٤٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: «أَنْزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ضَبْعًا صَيْدًا، وَقَضَى فِيهِ كَبْشًا»","vol":"7","page":405},{"text":"١٠٤٩٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: «أَنْزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ضَبْعًا صَيْدًا، وَقَضَى فِيهَا كَبْشًا»\n\n١٠٥٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ لَوِ انْفَرَدَ\n\n١٠٥٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا لِانْقِطَاعِهِ،\n\n١٠٥٠٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَوْصُولًا مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"7","page":406},{"text":"١٠٥٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ أَنَّ مُسْلِمًا أَخْبَرَنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الضَّبُعِ: أَصَيْدٌ هِيَ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقُلْتُ: سَمِعْتَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ \"\n\n١٠٥٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٠٥٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ\n\n١٠٥٠٦ - قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى: سَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ الْبُخَارِيَّ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ ⦗٤٠٧⦘\n\n١٠٥٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ مَرْفُوعًا: «هِيَ صَيْدٌ، وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا كَبْشًا إِذَا أَصَابَهَا الْمُحْرِمُ»،\n\n١٠٥٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الصَّائِغُ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٠٥٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَفِي هَذَا بَيَانٌ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَفْدِي مَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ دُونَ مَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ\n\n١٠٥١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: «فِي الضَّبُعِ صَيْدٌ، وَفِيهَا كَبْشٌ إِذَا أَصَابَهَا الْمُحْرِمُ»، كَذَا قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَنَاسِكِ وَفِي الْقَدِيمِ","vol":"7","page":406},{"text":"١٠٥١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، كَذَا قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «فِي الضَّبُعِ كَبْشٌ»\n\n١٠٥١٢ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: «أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَضَى فِي الضَّبُعِ بِكَبْشٍ»\n\n١٠٥١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَهُوَ مَا يُوَافِقُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ بِغُرْمِ قِيمَتِهَا، لَا يَجْعَلُونَ فِيهَا شَيْئًا مُؤَقَّتًا","vol":"7","page":407},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-702>الْغَزَالُ</span>","vol":"7","page":408},{"text":"١٠٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وسُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَضَى فِي الْغَزَالِ بِعَنْزٍ» لَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ سُفْيَانُ، وَهُوَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمَا،\n\n١٠٥١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ: وَالْغَزَالُ لَا يَفُوتُ الْعَنْزَ\n\n١٠٥١٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «فِي الظَّبْيِ تَيْسٌ أَعْفَرُ، أَوْ شَاةٌ مُسِنَّةٌ»\n\n١٠٥١٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا بِالطَّائِفِ أَصَابَ ظَبْيًا وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، فَأَتَى عَلِيًّا، فَقَالَ: «اهْدِ كَبْشًا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ» قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: وَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَالَ: إِلَّا تَيْسًا\n\n١٠٥١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ: لِمَا وَصَفْتُ قَبْلَهُ مِمَّا يَثْبُتُ - يُرِيدُ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ - فَأَمَّا هَذَا فَلَا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ⦗٤٠٩⦘\n\n١٠٥١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لِانْقِطَاعِهِ، فَإِنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَلِيًّا\n\n١٠٥٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الْغَزَالِ شَاةٌ»","vol":"7","page":408},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-703>الْأَرْنَبُ</span>","vol":"7","page":410},{"text":"١٠٥٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وسُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، قَضَى فِي الْأَرْنَبِ بِعَنَاقٍ \". لَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ذِكْرُ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":410},{"text":"١٠٥٢٢ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الْأَرْنَبِ شَاةٌ» قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ مُجَاهِدًا قَالَ: «فِي الْأَرْنَبِ شَاةٌ»\n\n١٠٥٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي ثَلَاثِ نُسَخٍ، وَالصَّوَابُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «فِي الْأَرْنَبِ عَنَاقٌ»،\n\n١٠٥٢٤ - وَسَقَطَتْ رِوَايَةُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: فِي الْأَرْنَبِ شَاةٌ، وَدَخَلَ حَدِيثُ عَطَاءٍ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٠٥٢٥ - فَكَلَامُهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قُلْتُ\n\n١٠٥٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الصَّغِيرَةُ وَالْكَبِيرَةُ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا اسْمُ شَاةٍ، فَإِنْ ⦗٤١١⦘ كَانَ عَطَاءٌ وَمُجَاهِدٌ أَرَادَا صَغِيرَةً، فَكَذَلِكَ نَقُولُ، وَلَوْ كَانَا أَرَادَا مُسِنَّةً خَالَفْنَاهُمَا، وَقُلْنَا قَوْلَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ فِيهَا عَنَاقًا دُونَ الْمُسِنَّةِ، وَكَانَ أَشْبَهَ بِمَعْنَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿\n\n١٠٥٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، مَا يُشْبِهُ قَوْلَهُمَا\n\n١٠٥٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الْأَرْنَبِ عَنَاقٌ أَوْ حَمَلٌ»\n\n١٠٥٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، مَا كَانَ أَتْقَنَهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ قَوْلَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَنْهُ صَحِيحٌ مَوْصُولٌ،\n\n١٠٥٣٠ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ؛ لِأَنَّ الضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ مُزَاحِمٍ لَا يَثْبُتُ سَمَاعُهُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَلَمْ يُطْلِقِ الْقَوْلَ بِأَنَّهُ قَوْلُ ابْنِ ⦗٤١٢⦘ عَبَّاسٍ، فَكَذَلِكَ يَنْبَغِي لِأَصْحَابِهِ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا فِي التَّثَبُّتِ وَالْإِتْقَانِ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"7","page":410},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-704>الْيَرْبُوعُ</span>","vol":"7","page":413},{"text":"١٠٥٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَضَى فِي الْيَرْبُوعِ بِجَفْرَةٍ» لَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَذَكَرَاهُ","vol":"7","page":413},{"text":"١٠٥٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ:  «قَضَى فِي الْيَرْبُوعِ بِجَفْرٍ أَوْ جَفْرَةٍ»","vol":"7","page":413},{"text":"١٠٥٣٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: «أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ حَكَمَ فِي الْيَرْبُوعِ بِجَفْرٍ، أَوْ جَفْرَةٍ»","vol":"7","page":413},{"text":"١٠٥٣٤ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ ⦗٤١٤⦘ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ صُبَيْحٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الْيَرْبُوعِ جَفْرَةٌ»\n\n١٠٥٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ","vol":"7","page":413},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-705>الثَّعْلَبُ</span>","vol":"7","page":415},{"text":"١٠٥٣٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الثَّعْلَبِ شَاةٌ»\n\n١٠٥٣٧ - وَعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الثَّعْلَبِ شَاةٌ»","vol":"7","page":415},{"text":"١٠٥٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَوْ كَانَ مَعِي حُكْمٌ حَكَمْتُ فِي الثَّعْلَبِ بِجَدْيٍ»","vol":"7","page":415},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-706>الضَّبُّ</span>","vol":"7","page":416},{"text":"١٠٥٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُخَارِقٌ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا حُجَّاجًا، فَأَوْطَأَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا، يُقَالُ لَهُ: أَرْبَدُ ضَبًّا، فَفَقَرَ ظَهْرَهُ، فَقَدِمْنَا عَلَى عُمَرَ، فَسَأَلَهُ أَرْبَدُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: احْكُمْ يَا أَرْبَدُ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَعْلَمُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِنَّمَا أَمَرْتُكَ أَنْ تَحْكُمَ فِيهِ، وَلَمْ آمُرْكَ أَنْ تُزَكِّيَنِي، فَقَالَ أَرْبَدُ: «أَرَى فِيهِ جَدْيًا قَدْ جَمَعَ الْمَاءَ وَالشَّجَرَ»، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: فَذَاكَ فِيهِ \"","vol":"7","page":416},{"text":"١٠٥٤٠ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الضَّبِّ شَاةٌ»\n\n١٠٥٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ كَانَ عَطَاءٌ أَرَادَ شَاةً صَغِيرَةً، فَبِذَلِكَ نَقُولُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَرَادَ مُسِنَّةً، خَالَفْنَاهُ، وَقُلْنَا بِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ فِيهِ، وَكَانَ أَشْبَهَ بِالْقُرْآنِ","vol":"7","page":416},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-707>الْوَبْرُ</span>","vol":"7","page":417},{"text":"١٠٥٤٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الْوَبْرِ، إِنْ كَانَ يُؤْكَلُ، شَاةٌ»\n\n١٠٥٤٣ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، أَنَّ مُجَاهِدًا قَالَ: «فِي الْوَبْرِ شَاةٌ»\n\n١٠٥٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَأْكُلُ الْوَبْرَ، فَفِيهِ جَفْرَةٌ، وَلَيْسَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ جَفْرَةٍ بُدْنًا","vol":"7","page":417},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-708>أُمُّ حُبَيْنٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":418},{"text":"١٠٥٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّفَرِ: «أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، قَضَى فِي أُمِّ حُبَيْنٍ بِحَمَلَانِ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ»\n\n١٠٥٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَأْكُلُهَا، فَهَذَا كَمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، يُقْضَى فِيهَا بِوَلَدِ شَاةٍ حِمْلُهُ أَوْ مِثْلِهِ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ، مِمَّا لَا يَفُوتُهُ","vol":"7","page":418},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-709>الْمُحْرِمُ يَقْتُلُ الصَّيْدَ الصَّغِيرَ أَوِ النَّاقِصَ</span>","vol":"7","page":419},{"text":"١٠٥٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي صِغَارِ الصَّيْدِ صِغَارُ الْغَنَمِ، وَفِي الْمَعِيبِ مِنْهَا الْمَعِيبُ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، وَلَوْ فَدَاهَا بِكِبَارٍ صِحَاحٍ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ»","vol":"7","page":419},{"text":"١٠٥٤٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَصَابَ وَلَدَ ظَبْيٍ صَغِيرٍ، فَدَاهُ بِوَلَدِ شَاةٍ مِثْلِهِ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَ صَيْدًا أَعْوَرَ فَدَاهُ بِأَعْوَرَ مِثْلِهِ، أَوْ مَنْقُوصًا، فَدَاهُ بِمَنْقُوصٍ مِثْلِهِ، أَوْ مَرِيضًا، فَدَاهُ بِمَرِيضٍ مِثْلِهِ، وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لَوْ فَدَاهُ بِوَافٍ»\n\n١٠٥٤٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ، وسَعِيدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى\n\n١٠٥٥٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ: فِيمَنْ أَصَابَ وَلَدَ أَرْنَبٍ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ: «فِيهِ وَلَدُ شَاةٍ»","vol":"7","page":419},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-710>الْخِيَارُ فِي جَزَاءِ الصَّيْدِ</span>","vol":"7","page":420},{"text":"١٠٥٥١ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: ﴿هَدْيًا ⦗٤٢١⦘ بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ صِيَامًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: \" فَإِنْ أَصَابَ إِنْسَانٌ نَعَامَةً، كَانَ لَهُ إِنْ كَانَ ذَا يَسَارٍ أَنْ يَهْدِيَ جَزُورًا، أَوْ عَدْلَهَا طَعَامًا، أَيَّتُهُنَّ شَاءَ، مِنْ أَجْلِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿فَجَزَاءٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥] كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ: أَوْ، أَوْ، فَلْيَخْتَرْ مِنْهُ صَاحِبُهُ مَا شَاءَ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا قَدِرَ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ، أَلَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى عَدْلِ الصَّيْدِ الَّذِي أَصَابَ؟ قَالَ: تَرْخِيصُ اللَّهِ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَهُ طَعَامٌ، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ ثَمَنُ الْجَزُورِ، وَهِيَ الرُّخْصَةُ \"","vol":"7","page":420},{"text":"١٠٥٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]: لَهُ أَيَّتُهُنَّ شَاءَ \"\n\n١٠٥٥٣ - وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ، أَوْ لَهُ أَيَّهُ شَاءَ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: إِلَّا قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٣]، فَلَيْسَ بِمُخَيَّرٍ فِيهَا\n\n١٠٥٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَغَيْرُهُ فِي الْمُحَارِبِ وَغَيْرِهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ أَقُولُ،\n\n١٠٥٥٥ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: هَلْ قَالَ أَحَدٌ: لَيْسَ بِالْخِيَارِ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: \" مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ مَا يَبْلُغُ فِيهِ شَاةً ⦗٤٢٢⦘، فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]، وَأَمَّا ﴿أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]، فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي لَا يَبْلُغُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ هَدْيٌ، الْعُصْفُورُ يُقْتَلُ فَلَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ هَدْيٌ قَالَ: ﴿أَوْ عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ صِيَامًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]: عَدْلُ النَّعَامَةِ، وَعَدْلُ الْعُصْفُورِ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَطَاءٍ، فَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: «كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ، أَوْ يَخْتَارُ مِنْهُ صَاحِبُهُ مَا شَاءَ»\n\n١٠٥٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِقَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ فِي هَذَا أَقُولُ\n\n١٠٥٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ مَا قَوْلُهُ: ﴿أَوْ عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ صِيَامًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]؟ قَالَ: \" إِنْ أَصَابَ مَا عَدْلُهُ شَاةٌ فَصَاعِدًا، أُقِيمَتِ الشَّاةُ طَعَامًا، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مَكَانَ كُلِّ مُدٍّ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ\n\n١٠٥٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، وَبِهِ أَقُولُ: وَهَكَذَا بَدَنَةٌ إِنْ وَجَبَتْ، وَهَكَذَا مُدٌّ إِنْ وَجَبَ مِنْ قِيمَةِ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ صَامَ مَكَانَهُ يَوْمًا، فَإِنْ أَصَابَ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ مَا قِيمَتُهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ مُدٍّ، وَأَقَلُّ مِنْ مُدَّيْنِ، صَامَ يَوْمَيْنٍ، وَهَكَذَا كُلَّمَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْ مُدًّا صَامَ مَكَانَهُ يَوْمًا \". أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى\n\n١٠٥٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ مُجَاهِدًا، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «مَكَانُ كُلِّ مُدَّيْنِ يَوْمٌ» ⦗٤٢٣⦘\n\n١٠٥٦٠ - وَالشَّافِعِيُّ إِنَّمَا قَالَ فِي هَذَا بِقَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِكَفَّارَةِ الْمُجَامِعِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَبِمَا رُوِيَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّ فِيَ الْعَرَقِ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ بِالتَّصَدُّقِ مِنْهُ عَلَى سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، كَانَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا\n\n١٠٥٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَعْرُوفٌ أَنَّ الْعَرَقَ يَعْمَلُ عَلَى خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، لِيَكُونَ الْوَسْقُ بِهِ أَرْبَعَةً، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ","vol":"7","page":421},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-711>أَيْنَ هَدْيُ الصَّيْدِ</span>؟\n١٠٥٦٢ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]\n\n١٠٥٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يُجْزِئُ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ حَيَوَانًا كَانَ أَوْ طَعَامًا إِلَّا بِمَكَّةَ","vol":"7","page":424},{"text":"١٠٥٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: ﴿فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]، إِلَى: ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةَ أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ: مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ أَصَابَهُ فِي حَرَمٍ، يُرِيدُ الْبَيْتَ، كَفَّارَةُ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ \"","vol":"7","page":424},{"text":"١٠٥٦٥ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً قَالَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى: يَتَصَدَّقُ ⦗٤٢٥⦘ الَّذِي يُصِيبُ الصَّيْدَ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ: «فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِمَكَّةَ»\n\n١٠٥٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يُرِيدُ عَطَاءٌ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّ الطَّعَامَ وَالنَّعَمَ كُلَّهُ هَدْيٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠٥٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ عَلَى مَسَاكِينِ مَكَّةَ»\n\n١٠٥٦٨ - وَفِي حِكَايَةِ ابْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الدَّمُ وَالطَّعَامُ بِمَكَّةَ، وَالصَّوْمُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ»","vol":"7","page":424},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-712>مَا يَأْكُلُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ</span>","vol":"7","page":426},{"text":"١٠٥٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ، أَنَّهُ: أَهْدَى لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِمَارًا وَحْشِيًّا، وَهُوَ بِالْأَبْوَاءِ أَوْ بِودَّانَ، فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا فِي وَجْهِي قَالَ: «إِنَّا لَمْ نَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا أَنَّا حُرُمٌ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٠٥٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، وَصَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَمَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، وَابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ أَهْدَى حِمَارًا ⦗٤٢٧⦘ وَحْشِيًّا، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ يَضْطَرِبُ فِيهِ، فَرِوَايَةُ الْعَدَدِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَشُكُّوا فِيهِ أَوْلَى،\n\n١٠٥٧١ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، وَالْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْ حَبِيبٍ: حِمَارُ وَحْشٍ، وَعَنَ الْحَكَمِ: عَجُزُ حِمَارٍ، وَقِيلَ عَنْ حَبِيبَةَ، كَمَا قَالَ الْحَكَمُ\n\n١٠٥٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n١٠٥٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادَ إِلَى ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، فَتَوَهَّمَ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ مِمَّنْ خَرَّجَ الْمُسْنَدَ مِنَ الْمَبْسُوطِ أَنَّهُ مَضْمُومٌ إِلَيْهِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا أُرَاهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، مَا","vol":"7","page":426},{"text":"١٠٥٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وهُمْ حُرُمٌ، فَأُهْدِيَ لَهُ لَحْمُ طَيْرٍ، وَطَلْحَةُ رَاقِدٌ، فَمِنَّا مَنْ أَكَلَ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ تَوَرَّعَ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْقَظَ أُخْبِرَ ذَلِكَ، فَوَفَّقَ مَنْ أَكَلَهُ، وَقَالَ:  «أَكَلْنَاهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ⦗٤٢٨⦘\n\n١٠٥٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَظَاهَرٌ فِي كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ بَعْدَ هَذَا أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ هَذَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ حِينَ كَانَ بِمِصْرَ فِي آخِرِ عُمُرِهِ كَانَتْ كُتُبُهُ غَائِبَةً عَنْهُ، فَرُبَّمَا كَانَ يَكْتُبُ مِنْ إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثٍ بَعْضَهُ، وَيَتْرُكُ الْبَيَاضَ، أَوْ يَكْتُبُ كُلَّهُ دُونَ مَتْنِهِ، وَيَدَعُ الْبَيَاضَ لِيُتَمَّهُ إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى كِتَابِهِ، وَيَكْتُبُ بَعْدَهُ حَدِيثًا آخَرَ، فَأَدْرَكَتْهُ الْمَنِيَّةُ قَبْلَ إِصْلَاحِهِ، فَتَوَهَّمَ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ عِلْمَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ مَضْمُومٌ إِلَى مَا بَعْدَهُ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنْتُ فِي كِتَابِي هَذَا وَغَيْرِهِ مَا بَلَغَهُ عِلْمِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"7","page":427},{"text":"١٠٥٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِبَعْضِ طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ، تَخَلَّفَ مَعَ أَصْحَابٍ لَهُ مُحْرِمِينَ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْرِمٍ، فَرَأَى حِمَارًا وَحْشِيًّا، فَاسْتَوَى عَلَى فَرَسِهِ، فَسَأَلَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يُنَاوُلُوهُ سَوْطَهُ، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهِ، فَسَأَلَهُمْ رُمْحَهُ، فَأَبَوْا، فَأَخَذَهُ ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَلَى الْحِمَارِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبَى بَعْضُهُمْ، فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ طُعْمَةٌ أَطْعَمَكُمُوهَا اللَّهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٠٥٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ ⦗٤٢٩⦘ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ فِي الْحِمَارِ الْوَحْشِيِّ، مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ فِيَ حَدِيثِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «هَلْ مَعَكُمْ مِنْ لَحْمِهِ شَيْءٌ؟». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٠٥٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ يُخَالِفُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، حَدِيثُ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ حَدِيثَ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَا يُخَالِفُهُمَا حَدِيثُ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَبَيَانٌ أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِمُخْتَلِفَةٍ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ","vol":"7","page":428},{"text":"١٠٥٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَحْمُ الصَّيْدِ لَكُمْ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ حَلَالٌ مَا لَمْ تَصِيدُوهُ، أَوْ يُصَادُ لَكُمْ» ⦗٤٣٠⦘\n\n١٠٥٨٠ - قَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَهَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٠٥٨١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْبَاقِينَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ، سَمِعَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ بِلَالٍ، يُحَدِّثُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٠٥٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٠٥٨٣ - هَكَذَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى أَحْفَظُ مِنَ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ، مَعَ ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، أَحْفَظُ مِنَ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ.\n\n١٠٥٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْإِسْكَنْدَرَانِيُّ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٠٥٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَإِنْ كَانَ الصَّعْبُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ أَهْدَى إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْحِمَارَ الْوَحْشِيَّ حَيًّا، فَلَيْسَ لِمُحْرِمٍ ذَبْحُ حِمَارٍ وَحْشِيٍّ حَيٍّ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَهْدَى لَهُ لَحْمًا، فَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ صِيدَ لَهُ فَرَدَّهُ، وَمِنْ سُنَّتِهِ ﷺ أَنْ لَا يَحِلُّ لِلْمُحْرِمِ مَا صِيدَ لَهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ","vol":"7","page":429},{"text":"١٠٥٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ: «أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ، أُهْدِيَتْ لَهُ حَجَلٌ، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، فَأَكَلَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَّا عَلِيًّا، فَإِنَّهُ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"7","page":430},{"text":"١٠٥٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا، أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَأْكُلُوا لَحْمَ الصَّيْدِ وَهُمْ حُرُمٌ \"\n\n١٠٥٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ نَحْوَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ\n\n١٠٥٨٩ - وَلَمْ أَرَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الرِّوَايَاتِ أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ اصْطَادَهُ لِأَصْحَابِهِ الَّذِينَ أَذِنَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْأَكْلِ مِنْهُ","vol":"7","page":431},{"text":"١٠٥٩٠ - وَإِنَّمَا فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «خَرَجْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَأَحْرَمَ أَصْحَابِي، وَلَمْ أُحْرِمْ، فَرَأَيْتُ حِمَارًا، فَحَمَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَاصْطَدْتُهُ، فَذَكَرْتُ شَأْنَهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَذَكَرْتُ أَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ أَحْرَمْتُ، وَأَنِّي إِنَّمَا اصْطَدْتُهُ لَكَ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ فَأَكَلُوا، وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ حِينَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنِّي اصْطَدْتُهُ لَهُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٤٣٢⦘.\n\n١٠٥٩١ - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: قَوْلُهُ: اصْطَدْتُهُ لَكَ، وَقَوْلُهُ: لَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ، لَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا ذَكَرَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ غَيْرَ مَعْمَرٍ، وَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ","vol":"7","page":431},{"text":"١٠٥٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ بِالْعَرْجِ فِي يَوْمٍ صَائِفٍ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، وَقَدْ غَطَّى وَجْهَهُ بِقَطِيفَةِ أُرْجُوَانٍ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِلَحْمِ صَيْدٍ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: كُلُوا، فَقَالُوا: أَلَا تَأْكُلُ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: «إِنِّي لَسْتُ نَهَيْتُكُمْ، إِنَّمَا صِيدَ مِنْ أَجْلِي»","vol":"7","page":432},{"text":"١٠٥٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْبَهْزِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ يُرِيدُ مَكَّةَ، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ، إِذَا حِمَارٌ وَحْشِيٌّ عَقِيرٌ، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «دَعُوهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ صَاحِبُهُ»، فَجَاءَ الْبَهْزِيُّ، وَهُوَ صَاحِبُهُ، إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، شَأْنَكُمْ بِهَذَا الْحِمَارِ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَقَسَّمَهُ بَيْنَ الرِّفَاقِ، ثُمَّ مَضَى، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالْأُثَايَةِ، بَيْنَ الرُّوَيْثَةِ وَالْعَرْجِ، إِذَا ظَبْيٌ حَاقِفٌ فِي ظِلٍّ فِيهِ سَهْمٌ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَقِفَ عِنْدَهُ، لَا يُرِيبُهُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، حَتَّى يُجَاوِزَهُ ⦗٤٣٣⦘\n\n١٠٥٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سُفْيَانُ يُخَالِفُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، يَقُولُونَ: عِيسَى بْنُ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْبَهْزِيِّ\n\n١٠٥٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هُوَ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أَخْبَرَنَا بِحَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الدَّقَّاقُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مُخْتَصَرًا.\n\n١٠٥٩٦ - وَقَالَ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي يُخَالِفُهُ فِي هَذَا فَمَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ\n\n١٠٥٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ أُخْبِرَ، عَنِ الْبَهْزِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ يُرِيدُ مَكَّةَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَجَاءَ الْبَهْزِيُّ وَهُوَ صَاحِبُهُ. وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: أَمَرَ رَجُلًا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَهُ، لَا يَرْمِيهِ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى يُجَاوِزَهُ،\n\n١٠٥٩٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"7","page":432},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-713>حَرَمُ مَكَّةَ</span>","vol":"7","page":434},{"text":"١٠٥٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ أَبَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنِ اللَّهِ ﵎: أَنَّهُ حَرَّمَ مَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ صَيْدٍ وَشَجَرٍ، فَمَا حَرَّمَ بِذَلِكَ مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ سِوَاهَا، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهَا، وَلَا يُخْتَلَى خَلَاهَا، وَلَا يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهَا»","vol":"7","page":434},{"text":"١٠٦٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ، لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي، وَلَا تَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي، وَإِنَّهَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ، لَا يُخْتَلَى خَلَاهَا ⦗٤٣٥⦘، وَلَا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهَا، وَلَا يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهَا، وَلَا تُلْتَقَطُ لُقْطَتُهَا إِلَّا لِمُعَرِّفٍ»، فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرُ لِصِنَاعَتِنَا وَقُبُورِنَا وَبُيُوتِنَا قَالَ: «إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرُ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ.\n\n١٠٦٠١ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n١٠٦٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَالْفِدْيَةُ فِي مُتَقَدِّمِ الْخَبَرِ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَطَاءٍ، مُجْتَمِعَةٌ فِي أَنَّ فِيَ الدَّوْحَةِ بَقَرَةً، وَالدَّوْحَةُ: الشَّجَرَةُ الْعَظِيمَةُ، وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: فِي الشَّجَرَةِ دُونَهَا شَاةٌ\n\n١٠٦٠٣ - فَهَذَا الَّذِي عُنِيَ، كَأَنِّهُ يَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ اتِّبَاعًا، وَيَقُولُ: فِي الْحَشِيشِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ: فِيهِ قَدْرُ قِيمَتِهِ ⦗٤٣٦⦘\n\n١٠٦٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالْقِيَاسُ لَوْلَا مَا وَصَفْتُ فِيهِ: أَنَّهُ يَفْدِيهِ مَنْ أَصَابَهُ بِقِيمَتِهِ، فَإِذَا قَطَعَ دَوْحَةً، فَدَاهَا بِقِيمَتِهَا، وَإِذَا قَطَعَ مَا دُونَهَا، فَدَاهُ بِقِيمَتِهِ","vol":"7","page":434},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-714>حَرَمُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ</span>","vol":"7","page":437},{"text":"١٠٦٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَأَيُّ صَيْدٍ قَتَلُهُ حَلَالٌ فِي بَلَدٍ يَعْدُو مَكَّةَ أَوْ شَجَرٍ قَطَعَهُ فَلَا جَزَاءَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ، وَنَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ أَوْ يَقْطَعَ الشَّجَرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ بِوَجٍّ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَرَّمَهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ نَكْرَهُ قَطْعَ الشَّجَرِ بِكُلِّ مَوْضِعٍ حَمَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَالْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي حَمَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَلَا يُشَكُّ فِيهِ: الْبَقِيعُ، فَأَمَّا الصَّيْدُ فَلَا نَكْرَهُهُ فِيهِ \"","vol":"7","page":438},{"text":"١٠٦٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَسَّانَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: مَا عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا خَاصَّةً دُونَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا شَيْئًا سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُ فِي صَحِيفَةٍ فِي قِرَابِ سَيْفِي قَالَ: فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى أَخْرَجَ الصَّحِيفَةَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ: وَإِذَا فِيهَا: \" إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ، وَإِنِّي أُحَرِّمُ الْمَدِينَةَ، مَا بَيْنَ حَرَّتَيْهَا وَحِمَاهَا: لَا يُخْتَلَى خَلَاهَا، وَلَا يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهَا، وَلَا تُلْتَقَطُ لُقْطَتُهَا إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَشَادَ بِهَا، يَعْنِي مُنْشِدًا، وَلَا يُقْطَعُ شَجَرُهَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْلِفَ رَجُلٌ بَعِيرًا، وَلَا يُحْتَمَلُ فِيهَا سِلَاحٌ لِقِتَالٍ \"، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ⦗٤٣٩⦘\n\n١٠٦٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْمَدِينَةُ حَرَامٌ، مَا بَيْنَ عَيْرٍ إِلَى ثَوْرٍ»\n\n١٠٦٠٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَسَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٠٦٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n١٠٦١٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ","vol":"7","page":438},{"text":"١٠٦١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ حَائِطًا، وَنَحْنُ غِلْمَانٌ نَنْصُبُ فِخَاخًا لِلطَّيْرِ، فَطَرَدَنَا، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَرَّمَ صَيْدَهَا»،\n\n١٠٦١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَتِيقِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَقَدِ اصْطَدْتُ طَيْرًا، فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْ يَدِي، فَأَرْسَلَهُ ⦗٤٤٠⦘\n\n١٠٦١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: أَنَّهُ رَكِبَ إِلَى قَصْرِهِ بِالْعَقِيقِ، فَوَجَدَ غُلَامًا يَقْطَعُ شَجَرًا، أَوْ يُخَبِّطُهُ فَسَلَبَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ جَاءَهُ أَهْلُ الْعَبْدِ يَسْأَلُونَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ: مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ أَرُدَّ شَيْئًا نَفَّلَنِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ\n\n١٠٦١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: زَعَمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْقَوْلَ بِمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَصَدَ إِلَى تَسْوِيَةِ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِذَلِكَ بَقَاءَ زِينَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ، لِيَسْتَطْيِبُوهَا وَيَأْلَفُوهَا، كَمَا مَنَعَ مَنْ هَدَمَ آطَامَ الْمَدِينَةِ لِذَلِكَ وَذَكَرَ مَا","vol":"7","page":439},{"text":"١٠٦١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ مِينَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ هَدْمِ آطَامِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهَا زِينَةُ الْمَدِينَةِ»\n\n١٠٦١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالنَّهْيُ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى التَّحْرِيمِ، حَتَّى تَقُومَ دَلَالَةٌ بِأَنَّهُ عَلَى التَّنْزِيهِ دُونَ التَّحْرِيمِ\n\n١٠٦١٧ - فَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى مَا قَالَ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ، وَحَبْسِهِ النُّغَيْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَبِالْوَحْشِ الَّذِي كَانَ لِآلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ بِحَدِيثٍ","vol":"7","page":440},{"text":"١٠٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ خَلِيلٍ التُّسْتُرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَرْمِي الْوَحْشَ وَأُهْدِي لُحُومَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: وَفَقَدَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: \" يَا سَلَمَةُ: أَيْنَ تَكُونُ؟ \"، فَقُلْتُ: تَبَاعَدَ عَلَيَّ الصَّيْدُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَا أَصِيدُ بِصُدُورِ قَنَاةٍ مِنْ كَذَا، فَقَالَ: «أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ كُنْتَ تَصِيدُ بِالْعَقِيقِ لَشَيَّعْتُكَ إِذَا ذَهَبْتَ، وَمُلْقِيكَ إِذَا جِئْتَ، فَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ الْعَقِيقَ»\n\n١٠٦١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ النُّغَيْرِ، وَالْوَحْشِ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُعْلَمْ أَنَّ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ خَصْمِهِ أَنَّ الصَّيْدَ إِذَا أُدْخِلَ الْحَرَمَ، جَازَ حَبْسُهُ فِيهِ، وَإِنَّمَا لَا يَجُوزُ إِذَا صَادَهُ فِي الْحَرَمِ،\n\n١٠٦٢٠ - وَدَلِيلُنَا مِنْ جِهَةِ الْأَثَرِ حَدِيثُ النُّغَيْرِ وَالْوَحْشِ وَمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ بِمَكَّةَ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ، وَأَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْدِمُونَ، فَيَرَوْنَهَا فِي الْأَقْفَاصِ: الْقُبَارَى وَالْيَعَاقِيبَ،\n\n١٠٦٢١ - فَخَبَرُ النُّغَيْرِ وَالْوَحْشِ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا صِيدَا خَارِجَ حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ أُدْخِلَا الْمَدِينَةَ ⦗٤٤٢⦘.\n\n١٠٦٢٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُوسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يُضَعِّفُهُ وَيَقُولُ: لَا يُكْتَبُ حَدِيثُهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ غَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ قَدْ أَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْهِ مَا رَوَى مِنَ الْمَنَاكِيرِ الَّتِي لَمْ يُتَابَعْ عَلَيْهَا.\n\n١٠٦٢٣ - وَمَنْ يَدِّعِي الْعِلْمَ بِالْآثَارِ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُعَارِضَ مَا رُوِيَ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ فِي حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الضَّعِيفِ\n\n١٠٦٢٤ - وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ إِنْ كَانَ صَحِيحًا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي يَصِيدُ فِيهِ سَلَمَةُ خَارِجًا مِنْ حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَالْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي رَأَى فِيهِ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ غُلَامًا يَقْطَعُ شَجَرًا مِنْ حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ، حَتَّى لَا يَتَنَافَيَا، وَلَوِ اخْتَلَفَا كَانَ الْحُكْمُ لِرِوَايَةِ سَعْدٍ لِصِحَّةِ حَدِيثِهِ، وَثِقَةِ رِجَالِهِ دُونَ حَدِيثِ سَلَمَةَ لِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ ضَعْفِ بَعْضِ رُوَاتِهِ،\n\n١٠٦٢٥ - وَقَوْلُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ حَدِيثَ سَعْدٍ كَانَ فِي إِبَاحَةِ سَلْبِ مَنْ قَطَعَ شَجَرَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَوْ صَادَ بِهَا كَانَ فِي وَقْتِ مَا كَانَتِ الْعُقُوبَاتُ الَّتِي تَجِبُ بِالْمَعَاصِي فِي الْأَمْوَالِ، ثُمَّ صَارَ ذَلِكَ مَنْسُوخًا دَعْوَى بِلَا حُجَّةٍ، وَمَنْ يَقُولُ بِحَدِيثِ سَعْدٍ نُطَالِبُهُ بِدَلِيلٍ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا مِنْ جُمْلَةِ مَا ذَكَرَ، فَقِيلَ: صَيْدُ الْحَرَمِ بِمَكَّةَ مَعْصِيَةٌ، وَجَزَاؤُهُ بِالْمَالِ وَاجِبٌ، لَمْ يُنْسَخْ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ مَا نُسِخَ فِي دَعْوَاهُ، ثُمَّ صَيْدُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَطْعُ شَجَرِهَا لَيْسَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعْصِيَةً قَطُّ فِي قَوْلِ مَنْ يَدِّعِي هَذَا النَّسْخَ، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يُلْحِقَهُ بِالْعُقُوبَاتِ الَّتِي تَجِبُ بِالْمَعَاصِي؟\n\n١٠٦٢٦ - هَذَا الشَّيْخُ لَوْ قَالَ بِمَا رُوِيَ مِنَ الْآثَارِ الصَّحِيحَةِ فِي حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَسَكَتَ عَنْ مُعَارَضَتِهَا بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْحُجَّةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ كَانَ أَوْلَى بِهِ. يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَوْلُهُ ⦗٤٤٣⦘: «إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ، وَإِنِّي أُحَرِّمُ الْمَدِينَةَ مِثْلَ مَا حَرَّمَ»، ثُمَّ يُرْدِفُهُ بِأَنَّ تَحْرِيمَهَا لَيْسَ بِتَحْرِيمِ مَكَّةَ، فَيُصَرِّحُ بِالْخِلَافِ فِي نَفْيِ التَّشْبِيهِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَجْعَلُ لِلتَّحْرِيمِ بِهَا أَثَرًا، فَيُجْعَلُ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَنَصَّهُ عَلَى التَّحْرِيمِ وَتَشْبِيهَهُ بِتَحْرِيمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇ سَاقِطًا مِنْ كُلِّ الْوُجُوهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ قَاطِعَةٍ بِصِحَّةِ قَوْلِهِ، وَلَا يُفَكِّرُ فِي نَفْسِهِ مِنْ مُخَالِفٍ، وَقَوْلِ مَنْ يُسْقِطُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ وَالْعِصْمَةُ،\n\n١٠٦٢٧ - وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِّينَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ فِي حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ: «مَا بَيْنَ عَيْرٍ إِلَى ثَوْرٍ»، فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ، مَا يَعْرِفُونَ بِهَا جَبَلًا يُقَالُ لَهُ ثَوْرٌ، وَإِنَّمَا ثَوْرٌ بِمَكَّةَ، فَتَرَى أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ أَصْلُهُ: «مَا بَيْنَ عَيْرٍ إِلَى أُحُدٍ»\n\n١٠٦٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ «الْجَبَلِ»: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ جُبَيْلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ ثَوْرٌ","vol":"7","page":441},{"text":"١٠٦٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِنْسَانٍ الطَّائِفِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: أَقْبَلْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ لَيْلَةٍ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا عِنْدَ السِّدْرَةِ، وَوَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي طَرْفِ الْقَرْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ حِذْوَهَا، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ نَخِبًا بِبَصَرِهِ، وَوَقَفَ حَتَّى الْتَفَّ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ صَيْدَ وَجٍّ وَعَضَاهَةَ حَرَمٌ مُحَرَّمٌ لِلَّهِ» وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِهِ الطَّائِفَ وَإِحْصَارِهِ لِثَقِيفٍ ⦗٤٤٤⦘\n\n١٠٦٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مَرْفُوعًا وَمَوْقُوفًا: «لَا يُخْبَطُ وَلَا يُعْضَدُ حِمَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَكِنْ يُهَشُّ هَشًّا رَقِيقًا»\n\n١٠٦٣١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَعَاهَدُ الْحِمَى أَنْ لَا يُعْضَدَ شَجَرُهُ وَلَا يُخْبَطَ، وَقَالَ لِجَدِّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ: «فَمَنْ رَأَيْتَ يَعْضِدُ شَجَرًا أَوْ يَخْبِطُ، فَخُذْ فَأْسَهُ وَحَبْلَهُ» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: آخُذُ رِدَاءَهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا\n\n١٠٦٣٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَمَى النَّقِيعَ لِلْخَيْلِ»\n\n١٠٦٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"7","page":443},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-715>الرَّعْيُ فِي الْحَرَمِ</span>\n١٠٦٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ: وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُرْعَى مِنْ نَبَاتِ الْحَرَمِ شَجَرُهُ وَمَرْعَاهُ. وَلَا خَيْرَ فِي أَنْ يُحْتَشَّ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ؛ لِأَنَّ الَّذِي حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ مَكَّةَ: أَنْ يُخَلَّى خَلَاهَا: إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ وَالِاخْتِلَاءَ وَالِاحْتِشَاشَ نَتْفًا وَقَطْعًا، وَحَرَّمَ أَنْ يُعْضَدَ شَجَرُهَا، وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْ أَنْ يُرْعَى\n\n١٠٦٣٥ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: سَأَلْتُ الْحَجَّاجَ بْنَ أَرْطَأَةَ، فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَطَاءَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ فَقَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُرْعَى، وَكَرِهَ أَنْ يُحْتَشَّ»\n\n١٠٦٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَصَحَّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ الْفَتْحَ، فَذَهَبَ يَخْتَلِي بِفَرَسِهِ فَقَالَ ﷺ: «أَيْنَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ»، وَهَذَا إِنْ كَانَ فِي الْحَرَمِ، فَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ الرَّعْيُ، فُقِدَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ هَذَا أَنَّ الْفَرَسَ كَانَ مَعَهُ، وَمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَرْفُوعًا فِي حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ يُوَافِقُ هَذَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠٦٣٧ - وَثَبُتَ مِثْلُهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ","vol":"7","page":445},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-716>حِجَارَةُ الْحَرَمِ وَتُرَابُهُ</span>\n١٠٦٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا خَيْرَ فِي أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ إِلَى الْحِلِّ: لِأَنَّ لَهُ حُرْمَةٌ مُبَايِنٌ بِهَا مَا سِوَاهَا مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ، فَلَا أَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ جَائِزًا لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُرَحِّلَهُ مِنَ الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي بَايَنَ بِهِ الْبُلْدَانَ أَنْ يُصَيِّرَهُ كَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"7","page":446},{"text":"١٠٦٣٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُمَا كَرِهَا أَنْ يُخْرَجَ عَنْ تُرَابِ الْحَرَمِ وَحِجَارَتِهِ إِلَى الْحِلِّ شَيْءٌ»\n\n١٠٦٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْأَزْرَقِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ مَعَ أُمِّي، أَوْ قَالَ جَدَّتِي مَكَّةَ، فَأَتَتْهَا صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ شَيْبَةَ، فَأَكْرَمَتْهَا، وَفَعَلَتْ لَهَا فَقَالَتْ صَفِيَّةُ: مَا أَدْرِي مَا أُكَافِئُهَا بِهِ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهَا بِقِطْعَةٍ مِنَ الرُّكْنِ، فَخَرَجْنَا بِهَا، فَنَزَلْنَا أَوَّلَ مَنْزِلٍ، فَذَكَرَ مِنْ مَرَضِهِمْ وَعِلَّتِهِمْ جَمِيعًا قَالَتْ: فَقَالَتْ أُمِّي، أَوْ جَدَّتِي: مَا أَرَانَا أَتَيْنَا إِلَّا أَنَّا أَخْرَجْنَا هَذِهِ الْقِطْعَةَ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ فَقَالَتْ لِي وَكُنْتُ أَمْثَلُهُمُ: انْطَلِقْ بِهَذِهِ الْقِطْعَةِ إِلَى صَفِيَّةَ، فَرُدَّهَا، وَقُلْ لَهَا: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَضَعَ فِي حَرَمِهِ شَيْئًا فَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُخْرَجَ مِنْهُ \". قَالَ عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى: فَقَالُوا لِي: فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَحَيَّنَّا دُخُولَ الْحَرَمِ، فَكَأَنَّمَا أُنْشِطْنَا مِنْ عِقَالٍ\n\n١٠٦٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُخْرَجَ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ شَيْءٌ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ ⦗٤٤٧⦘،\n\n١٠٦٤٢ - وَحَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ\n\n١٠٦٤٣ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا شَيْخٌ عَنْ رَزِينٍ، مَوْلَى عَلِيٍّ: «أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِقِطْعَةٍ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ يَتَّخِذُهُ مُصَلًّى يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٠٦٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرَخَّصَ فِي ذَلِكَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِشِرَاءِ الْبُرَامِ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، وَالْبُرَامُ عَلَى يَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ،\n\n١٠٦٤٥ - وَأَمَّا مَاءُ الزَّمْزَمِ فَلَا أَكْرَهُ الْخُرُوجَ بِهِ، فَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو أَهْدَى لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْهُ، وَالْمَاءُ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ يَزُولُ فَلَا يَعُودُ\n\n١٠٦٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٠٦٤٧ - وجَابِرٍ: \" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اسْتَهْدَى سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو مِنْ مَاءِ زَمْزَمَ","vol":"7","page":446},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-717>السَّهْمُ أَرْسَلَهُ عَلَى صَيْدٍ فَأَصَابَهُ فِي الْحَرَمِ</span>","vol":"7","page":448},{"text":"١٠٦٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، كَانَ عَلَيْهِ جَزَاؤُهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ سَهْمَهُ بَعْدَهُ،\n\n١٠٦٤٩ - وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَرِمَاحُكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٤]، فَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ أَنَّهُ تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيكُمْ بِالرَّمْيِ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٠٦٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"7","page":448},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-718>الْحَلَالُ يَصِيدُ صَيْدًا فَيَدْخُلُ بِهِ الْحَرَمَ</span>","vol":"7","page":449},{"text":"١٠٦٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: قَرَأْنَا عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَ لِأَبِي طَلْحَةَ، مِنْ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ ابْنٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: عُمَيْرٌ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُضَاحِكُهُ إِذَا دَخَلَ، وَكَانَ لَهُ نُغَيْرٌ، فَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَأَى أَبَا عُمَيْرٍ حَزِينًا فَقَالَ: «مَا شَأَنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ؟»، فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَاتَ نُغَيْرُهُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أَبَا عُمَيْرٍ: مَا فَعَلَ النُّغَيْرُ؟ \"","vol":"7","page":449},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-719>النَّفَرُ يُصِيبُونَ الصَّيْدَ</span>","vol":"7","page":450},{"text":"١٠٦٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قَرِيرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ، قَضَى هُوَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى رَجُلَيْنِ وَطِئَا ظَبْيًا فَقَتَلَاهُ بِشَاةٍ»\n\n١٠٦٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي الثِّقَةَ الْمَأْمُونَ مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ، يَعْنِي ابْنَ خُزَيْمَةَ ⦗٤٥١⦘، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: وَهِمَ مَالِكٌ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَسَامِي قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ: وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ: وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قَرِيرٍ: وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ قَرِيرٍ","vol":"7","page":450},{"text":"١٠٦٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادٍ، مَوْلًى لِبَنِي مَخْزُومٍ وَكَانَ ثِقَةً: أَنَّ قَوْمًا حُرُمًا أَصَابُوا صَيْدًا، فَقَالَ لَهُمُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: عَلَيْكُمْ جَزَاءٌ، فَقَالُوا: عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا، أَوْ عَلَيْنَا كُلِّنَا جَزَاءٌ وَاحِدٌ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «إِنَّهُ لَمُعَزَّزٌ بِكُمْ، بَلْ عَلَيْكُمْ كُلِّكُمْ جَزَاءٌ وَاحِدٌ»","vol":"7","page":451},{"text":"١٠٦٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ مَالِكٍ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ نَفَرٍ، أَصَابُوا صَيْدًا فَقَالَ: عَلَيْهِمْ جَزَاءٌ، قِيلَ: عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ جَزَاءٌ؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّهُ لَمُعَزَّزٌ بِكُمْ، بَلْ عَلَيْكُمْ كُلِّكُمْ جَزَاءٌ وَاحِدٌ»\n\n١٠٦٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، وَفِي كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَّ الْغَلَطَ وَقَعَ مِنَ الْكَاتِبِ\n\n١٠٦٥٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٤٥٢⦘،\n\n١٠٦٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٠٦٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَعْنَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"7","page":451},{"text":"١٠٦٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي النَّفَرِ يَشْتَرِكُونَ فِي قَتْلِ الصَّيْدِ قَالَ: «عَلَيْهِمْ كُلِّهُمْ جَزَاءٌ وَاحِدٌ»\n\n١٠٦٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مُوَافَقَةُ الْقُرْآنِ: لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعْمِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]، وَهَذَا مِثْلٌ وَمَنْ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَانِ فَقَدْ خَالَفَ مَعْنَى مُوَافَقَةِ الْقُرْآنِ","vol":"7","page":452},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-720>مَا تَوَالَدَ فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ، وَأَهِلَ بِالْقُرَى</span>","vol":"7","page":453},{"text":"١٠٦٦٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَرَأَيْتَ كُلَّ صَيْدٍ أَهِلَ بِالْقُرَى فَتَوَالَدَ بِهَا مِنْ صَيْدِ الطَّيْرِ وَغَيْرِهِ أَهُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الصَّيْدِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَلَا تَذْبَحْهُ وَأَنْتَ حَرَامٌ، وَلَا مَا وَلَدَ فِي الْقَرْيَةِ، أَوْلَادُهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ أُمَّهَاتِهَا \"\n\n١٠٦٦٣ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْهُ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى دَاجِنَةَ الطَّيْرِ وَالظَّبْيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الصَّيْدِ \"\n\n١٠٦٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ","vol":"7","page":453},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-721>بَابُ جَزَاءِ الطَّيْرِ</span>","vol":"7","page":454},{"text":"١٠٦٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" الطَّائِرُ صِنْفَانِ: حَمَامٌ وَغَيْرُ حَمَامٍ، فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُ حَمَامًا ذَكَرًا أَوْ أُنْثَى فَفِدْيَةُ الْحَمَامِ مِنْهُ شَاةٌ اتِّبَاعًا، وَإِنَّ الْعَرَبَ لَمْ تَزَلْ تُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ الْحَمَامِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الطَّائِرِ، وَتَقُولُ لِلْحَمَامِ: سَيِّدُ الطَّائِرِ \" وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا فِي كِتَابِ الْمَنَاسِكِ","vol":"7","page":454},{"text":"١٠٦٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِي حَمَامَةٍ مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ بِشَاةٍ»\n\n١٠٦٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، ونَافِعُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَارِثِ، وعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وعَاصِمُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَطَاءٌ","vol":"7","page":454},{"text":"١٠٦٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ ⦗٤٥٥⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، كَثِيرٍ الدَّارِيِّ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: قَدِمَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مَكَّةَ فَدَخَلَ دَارَ النَّدْوَةِ فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَقْرِبَ مِنْهَا الرَّوَاحَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَأَلْقَى رِدَاءَهُ عَلَى وَاقِفٍ فِي الْبَيْتِ، فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ طَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَمَامِ فَأَطَارَهُ، فَانْتَهَزَتْهُ حَيَّةٌ فَقَتَلَتْهُ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الْجُمُعَةَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَنَا، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ فَقَالَ: \" احْكُمَا عَلَيَّ فِي شَيْءٍ صَنَعْتُهُ الْيَوْمَ، إِنِّي دَخَلْتُ هَذِهِ الدَّارَ، وَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَسْتَقْرِبَ مِنْهَا الرَّوَاحَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَأَلْقَيْتُ رِدَائِي عَلَى هَذَا الْوَاقِفِ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ طَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَمَامِ، فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يُلَطِّخَهُ بِسَلْحِهِ، فَأَطَرْتُهُ عَنْهُ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَاقِفِ الْآخَرِ فَانْتَهَزَتْهُ حَيَّةٌ فَقَتَلَتْهُ، فَوَجَدْتُ فِي نَفْسِي أَنِّي أَطَرْتُهُ مِنْ مَنْزِلَةٍ كَانَ فِيهَا آمِنًا إِلَى مَوْقِعَةٍ كَانَ فِيهَا حَتْفُهُ، فَقُلْتُ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ: كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي عَنْزٍ ثَنِيَّةٍ عَفْرَاءَ، نَحْكُمُ بِهَا عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: أَرَى ذَلِكَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا عُمَرُ \"","vol":"7","page":454},{"text":"١٠٦٦٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، وَفِي الْمَبْسُوطِ: أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، قَتَلَ ابْنٌ لَهُ حَمَامَةً، فَجَاءَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «يَذْبَحُ شَاةً فَيُتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا». قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ أَمِنْ حَمَامِ مَكَّةَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ","vol":"7","page":455},{"text":"١٠٦٧٠ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: «أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِحَمَامَةٍ فَأُطِيرَتْ، فَوَقَعَتْ فِي الْمَرْوَةِ، فَأَخَذَتْهَا حَيَّةٌ، فَجَعَلَ فِيهَا شَاةً»","vol":"7","page":455},{"text":"١٠٦٧١ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ:  «فِي الْحَمَامِ شَاةٌ»","vol":"7","page":455},{"text":"١٠٦٧٢ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنْ أَصَابَ الْمُحْرِمُ حَمَامَةً خَارِجًا مِنَ الْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمٌ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ، وَفِي الْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْهِ شَاةٌ»\n\n١٠٦٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى أَنَّ فِي حَمَامِ مَكَّةَ شَاةٌ، وَمَا سِوَاهُ مِنْ حَمَامِ غَيْرِ مَكَّةَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الطَّائِرِ قِيمَتُهُ\n\n١٠٦٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ مَالِكًا\n\n١٠٦٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا يَعْنِي: الَّذِي قَالَهُ قَتَادَةُ وَجْهٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ الَّذِي حَكَيْتُ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَجْهٌ يَصِحُّ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهُ يَلْزَمُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ فِي حَمَامِ مَكَّةَ إِذَا أُصِيبَ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْحَرَمِ وَفِي غَيْرِ إِحْرَامٍ فِدْيَةً، وَلَا أَحْسِبُهُ يَقُولُ هَذَا وَلَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا يَقُولُهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَتْ فِي الْحَمَامِ حُرْمَةٌ تَمْنَعُهُ، إِنَّمَا يُمْنَعُ لِحُرْمَةِ الْبَلَدِ أَوْ حُرْمَةِ الْقَاتِلِ لَهُ\n\n١٠٦٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٠٦٧٧ - وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ،\n\n١٠٦٧٨ - وَعَطَاءٍ: «أَنَّ فِيَ حَمَامِ الْحِلِّ شَاةٌ، يَعْنِي إِذَا أَصَابَهُ الْمُحْرِمُ»","vol":"7","page":456},{"text":"١٠٦٧٩ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «فِي الْقِمْرِيِّ وَالدُّبْسِيِّ شَاةٌ، شَاةٌ» ⦗٤٥٧⦘\n\n١٠٦٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَمَا عَبَّ فِي الْمَاءِ عَبًّا مِنَ الطَّائِرِ فَهُوَ حَمَامٌ، وَمَا شَرِبَهُ قَطْرَةً قَطْرَةً كَشُرْبِ الدَّجَاجِ فَلَيْسَ بِحَمَامٍ» وَهَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ","vol":"7","page":456},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-722>مَا لَيْسَ بِحَمَامٍ</span>\n١٠٦٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الطَّائِرِ لَيْسَ بِحَمَامٍ فَفِيهِ قِيمَتُهُ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يُصَابُ فِيهِ\n\n١٠٦٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا كَانَ سِوَى حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ فَفِيهِ ثَمَنُهُ إِذَا أَصَابَهُ الْمُحْرِمُ»،\n\n١٠٦٨٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ: «كُلُّ طَيْرٍ دُونَ الْحَمَامِ فَفِيهِ قِيمَتُهُ»","vol":"7","page":458},{"text":"١٠٦٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ أَقْبَلَ مَعَ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ وَكَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ فِي أُنَاسٍ مُحْرِمِينَ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ بِعُمْرَةٍ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ وَكَعْبٌ عَلَى نَارٍ يَصْطَلِي، مَرَّتْ بِهِ رِجْلٌ مِنْ جَرَادٍ، فَأَخَذَ جَرَادَتَيْنِ قَتَلَهُمَا وَنَسِيَ إِحْرَامَهُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ إِحْرَامَهُ فَأَلْقَاهُمَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ دَخَلَ الْقَوْمُ عَلَى عُمَرَ، وَدَخَلْتُ مَعَهُمْ، فَقَصَّ كَعْبٌ قِصَّةَ الْجَرَادَتَيْنِ عَلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَمَنْ يَدْلُكَ لِعِلْمِكَ بِذَلِكَ يَا كَعْبُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: إِنَّ حِمْيَرَ تُحِبُّ الْجَرَادَ، مَا جَعَلْتَ فِي نَفْسِكَ؟ قَالَ: دِرْهَمَيْنِ قَالَ: «بَخٍ، دِرْهَمَانِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مِائَةِ جَرَادَةٍ، اجْعَلْ مَا جَعَلْتَ فِي نَفْسِكَ»","vol":"7","page":458},{"text":"١٠٦٨٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي بُكَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ جَرَادَةٍ قَتَلَهَا، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «فِيهَا قَبْضَةٌ مِنْ طَعَامٍ، وَلَتَأْخُذَنَّ بِقَبْضَةِ جَرَادَاتٍ وَلَكِنْ وَلَوْ»\n\n١٠٦٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَوْلُهُ: وَلَتَأْخُذَنَّ بِقَبْضَةِ جَرَادَاتٍ: أَيْ إِنَّمَا فِيهَا الْقِيمَةُ، وَقَوْلُهُ: وَلَوْ: يَقُولُ تَحْتَاطُ فَتُخْرِجُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَلَيْكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَعْلَمْتُكَ أَنَّهُ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا عَلَيْكَ","vol":"7","page":459},{"text":"١٠٦٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ أَصَابَ جَرَادَةً فَقَالَ: «تَصَدَّقْ بِقَبْضَةٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ»، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَلَيَأْخُذَنَّ بِقَبْضَةِ جَرَادَاتٍ، وَلَكِنْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ رَأْيِي.\n\n١٠٦٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَانَ هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ: وَمَا قَبْلُهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠٦٨٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ عَطَاءٌ فِي صَيْدِ الطَّيْرِ مَذْهَبًا يُتَوَجَّهُ، وَمَذْهَبُنَا الَّذِي حَكَيْنَا أَصَحُّ مِنْهُ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٠٦٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ صَيْدٍ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ حَمَامَةٍ فَصَاعِدًا شَاةٌ، وَفِي الْيَعْقُوبَ، وَالْحَجَلَةِ ⦗٤٦٠⦘، وَالْقَطَاةِ، وَالْكَرَوَانِ، وَالْكَرْكِيِّ، وَابْنِ الْمَاءِ، وَدَجَاجَةِ الْحَبَشِ، وَالْخَرْبِ شَاةٌ شَاةٌ»، فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَرَأَيْتَ الْخَرْبَ، فَإِنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ شَيْءٍ رَأَيْتُهُ قَطُّ مِنْ صَيْدِ الطَّيْرِ، أَيُخْتَلَفُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ شَاةٌ؟ فَقُلْ: «كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَكُونُ مِنْ صَيْدِ الطَّيْرِ كَانَ حَمَامَةً فَصَاعِدًا فَفِيهِ شَاةٌ»\n\n١٠٦٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «لَمْ أَرَ الضَّوْعَ فَإِنْ كَانَ حَمَامًا فَفِيهِ شَاةٌ»\n\n١٠٦٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الضَّوْعُ طَائِرٌ دُونَ الْحَمَامِ، وَلَيْسَ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ حَمَامٍ فَفِيهِ قِيمَتُهُ.\n\n١٠٦٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ فِي الطَّائِرِ قَوْلًا إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ لِأَنَّهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَمَنُ الطَّائِرِ فَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ قَوْلَنَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ تَحْدِيدًا خَالَفْنَاهُ فِيهِ لِلْقِيَاسِ عَلَى قَوْلِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَوْلِهِ وَقَوْلِ غَيْرِهِ فِي الْجَرَادَةِ.\n\n١٠٦٩٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَمْ نَأْخُذْ مَا أَخَذْنَا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ﵀ إِلَّا بِأَمْرٍ وَافَقَ كِتَابًا أَوْ سُنَّةً أَوْ أَثَرًا لَا مُخَالِفَ لَهُ أَوْ قِيَاسًا\n\n١٠٦٩٥ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قَوْلَهُ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ لِي عَطَاءٌ فِي الْعَصَافِيرِ قَوْلًا بَيَّنَ لِي فِيهِ وَفَسَّرَ قَالَ: أَمَّا الْعُصْفُورُ فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: وَأَرَى الْهُدْهُدَ دُونَ الْحَمَامَةِ، وَفَوْقَ الْعُصْفُورِ فَفِيهِ دِرْهَمٌ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: وَالْكُعَيْتُ عُصْفُورٌ\n\n١٠٦٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمَّا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ مِنْ هَذَا تَرَكْنَا قَوْلَهُ إِذَا كَانَ فِي عُصْفُورٍ نِصْفُ دِرْهَمٍ عِنْدَهُ، وَفِي هُدْهُدٍ دِرْهَمٌ عِنْدَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ بَيْنَ الْحَمَامَةِ وَالْعُصْفُورِ، فَكَانَ ⦗٤٦١⦘ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَجْعَلَ فِي الْهُدْهُدِ لِقُرْبِهِ مِنَ الْحَمَامَةِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: فَأَمَّا الْوُطْوَاطُ فَهُوَ فَوْقَ الْعُصْفُورِ، وَدُونَ الْهُدْهُدِ فَفِيهِ ثُلُثَا دِرْهَمٍ\n\n١٠٦٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قِيَاسُ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْهُدْهُدِ وَالْوُطْوَاطِ أَنْ لَا جَزَاءَ فِيهِمَا؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا لَا يُؤْكَلَانِ","vol":"7","page":459},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-723>الْجَرَادُ فِي الْحَرَمِ</span>","vol":"7","page":462},{"text":"١٠٦٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَطَاءً، يَقُولُ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ صَيْدِ الْجَرَادِ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَقَالَ: «لَا»، وَنَهَى عَنْهُ \"\n\n١٠٦٩٩ - قَالَ: لَمَّا قُلْتُ لَهُ أَوْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَإِنَّ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُونَهُ وَهُمْ مُحْتَبُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ: لَا يَعْلَمُونَ\n\n١٠٧٠٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مُنْحَنُونَ»\n\n١٠٧٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمُسْلِمٌ أَصْوَبُهُمَا، رَوَى الْحُفَّاظُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: «مُنْحَنُونَ»","vol":"7","page":462},{"text":"١٠٧٠٢ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي الْجَرَادَةِ يَقْتُلُهَا وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ قَالَ: «إِذَنْ يُغَرَّمُهَا، الْجَرَادَةُ صَيْدٌ»\n\n١٠٧٠٣ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَطَاءً، عَنِ الدَّبَا، أَقْتُلُهُ؟ قَالَ: هَااللَّهِ إِذَنْ فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ فَاغْرَمْ، قُلْتُ: وَمَا أَغْرَمُ؟ قَالَ: قَدْرَ مَا تُغَرَّمُ فِي الْجَرَادَةِ، ثُمَّ أَقْدَرَ قَدْرَ غَرَامَتِهَا مِنَ الْجَرَادَةِ \" ⦗٤٦٣⦘\n\n١٠٧٠٤ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: قَتَلْتُ وَأَنَا حَرَامٌ، جَرَادَةً أَوْ دَبًا، وَأَنَا لَا أَعْلَمُهُ أَوْ قَتَلَ ذَلِكَ بَعِيرِي وَأَنَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: «اغْرَمْ، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يُعَظِّمُ بِذَلِكَ حُرُمَاتِ اللَّهِ»\n\n١٠٧٠٥ - وَعَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْجَرَادَةِ: «إِذَا مَا أَخَذَهَا الْمُحْرِمُ قَبْضَةٌ مِنْ طَعَامٍ»","vol":"7","page":462},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-724>بَيْضَةُ النَّعَامَةِ، وَغَيْرِهَا يُصِيبُهَا الْمُحْرِمُ</span>","vol":"7","page":464},{"text":"١٠٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي بَيْضَةِ النَّعَامَةِ يُصِيبُهَا الْمُحْرِمُ: «صَوْمُ يَوْمٍ أَوْ إِطَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ»\n\n١٠٧٠٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، بِمِثْلِهِ\n\n١٠٧٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ خُصَيْفٌ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" فِيهِ ثَمَنُهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: قِيمَتُهُ \"\n\n١٠٧٠٩ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ،\n\n١٠٧١٠ - وَقَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n١٠٧١١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ فِي كُلِّ بَيْضَتَيْنِ مِنْ بِيضِ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ دِرْهَمًا وَهَذَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْقِيمَةِ»","vol":"7","page":464},{"text":"١٠٧١٢ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنْ أَصَبْتَ بِيضَ نَعَامَةٍ وَأَنْتَ لَا تَعْلَمُ غُرِّمْتَهَا تُعَظِّمُ بِذَلِكَ حُرُمَاتِ اللَّهِ»\n\n١٠٧١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ لِأَنَّ بَيْضَةَ الصَّيْدِ جُزْءٌ مِنْهَا وَلِأَنَّهَا تَكُونُ صَيْدًا، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا\n\n١٠٧١٤ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: هَلْ تَرْوِي فِيهَا شَيْئًا عَالِيًا؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا شَيْءٌ يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ فَلَا، فَقُلْتُ فَمَا هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِي بَيْضَةِ النَّعَامِ يُصِيبُهَا الْمُحْرِمُ قِيمَتُهَا» ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ\n\n١٠٧١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ قَدِ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ،\n\n١٠٧١٦ - فَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فِي كُلِّ بِيضٍ صِيَامُ يَوْمٍ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ»\n\n١٠٧١٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي قُرَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «صِيَامُ يَوْمٍ»","vol":"7","page":465},{"text":"١٠٧١٨ - وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ النَّسَائِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ ⦗٤٦٦⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «فِي بِيضِ نَعَامٍ كَسَرَهُ رَجُلٌ صِيَامُ يَوْمٍ فِي كُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ». أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ\n\n١٠٧١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: إِذَا كَانَتْ فِي النَّعَامَةِ بَدَنَةٌ فَيُحْمَلُ عَلَى الْبَدَنَةِ، وَرَوْوا هَذَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ لَا يُثَبِّتُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِثْلَهُ، وَلِذَلِكَ تَرَكْنَاهُ، وَبِأَنَّ مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ لَمْ يُجْزِهِ بِمَغِيبٍ يَكُونُ وَلَا يَكُونُ وَإِنَّمَا يُجْزِئُهُ بِقَائِمٍ","vol":"7","page":465},{"text":"١٠٧٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فِيمَنْ أَصَابَ بِيضَ نَعَامٍ قَالَ: \" يَضْرِبُ بِقَدْرِهِنَّ نُوقًا، قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ أَزْلَقَتْ مِنْهُنَّ نَاقَةٌ؟ قَالَ: فَإِنَّ مِنَ الْبِيضِ مَا يَكُونُ مَارِقًا \"\n\n١٠٧٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ فِي هَذَا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ أَيْضًا مُرْسَلًا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مِنْهُ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ","vol":"7","page":466},{"text":"١٠٧٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ سَعِيدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ بِيضِ النَّعَامِ يُصِيبُهُ الْمُحْرِمُ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا، عَنْ مَطَرٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فَأَوْطَأَ أَدَاحِيَّ نَعَامٍ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ⦗٤٦٧⦘ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: عَلَيْكَ فِي كُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ ضِرَابُ نَاقَةٍ أَوْ جَنِينُ نَاقَةٍ، فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «قَدْ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ مَا قَدْ سَمِعْتَ، وَلَكِنْ هَلُمَّ إِلَى الرُّخْصَةِ، عَلَيْكَ فِي كُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ صَوْمُ يَوْمٍ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ»\n\n١٠٧٢٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ فِي بِيضِ الْحَمَامِ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي كُلِّ بَيْضَتَيْنِ دِرْهَمٌ \" وَبِهِ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ","vol":"7","page":466},{"text":"١٠٧٢٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: كَمْ فِي بَيْضَةِ حَمَامِ مَكَّةَ؟ قَالَ: «نِصْفُ دِرْهَمٍ، وَفِي الْبَيْضَتَيْنِ دِرْهَمٌ وَإِنْ كُسِرَتْ بَيْضَةٌ فِيهَا فَرْخٌ فَفِيهَا دِرْهَمٌ»\n\n١٠٧٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَرَى عَطَاءً أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ هَذَا الْقِيمَةَ يَوْمَ قَالَهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ أَرَادَ هَذَا فَالَّذِي نَأْخُذُ بِهِ قِيمَتُهَا فِي كُلِّ مَا كُسِرَتْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا حُكْمًا فَلَا نَأْخُذُ بِهِ","vol":"7","page":467},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-725>الْعِلَلُ فِيمَا أُخِذَ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ لِغَيْرِ قَتْلِهِ</span>","vol":"7","page":468},{"text":"١٠٧٢٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي إِنْسَانٍ أَخَذَ حَمَامَةً يُخَلِّصُ مَا فِي رِجْلِهَا، فَمَاتَتْ قَالَ: «مَا أَرَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا»\n\n١٠٧٢٧ - وَعَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: بَيْضَةُ نَعَامَةٍ وَجَدْتُهَا عَلَى فِرَاشِي قَالَ: «أَمِطْهَا عَنْ فِرَاشِكَ»، فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: كَانَتْ فِي سُتْرَةٍ أَوْ فِي مَكَانٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ كَهَيْئَةِ ذَلِكَ مُعْتَزِلًا قَالَ: فَلَا تُمِطْهَا\n\n١٠٧٢٨ - وَعَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «لَا تُخْرِجْ بَيْضَةَ الْحَمَامَةِ الْمَكِّيَّةِ، وَفَرْخَهَا مِنْ بَيْتِكَ»\n\n١٠٧٢٩ - وَعَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ كَانَ جَرَادًا أَوْ دَبًا وَقَدْ أَخَذَ طَرِيقَكَ كُلَّهَا فَلَا تَجِدْ مَحِيصًا عَنْهُ، وَلَا مَسْلَكًا فَقَتَلْتَهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ غُرْمٌ» ⦗٤٦٩⦘\n\n١٠٧٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي إِنْ وَطِئْتَهُ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ بِنَفْسِهِ بِغَيْرِ الطَّرِيقِ فَتُغَرَّمَهُ لَابُدَّ\n\n١٠٧٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُهُ هَذَا يُشْبِهُ قَوْلَهُ فِي الْبَيْضَةِ تُمَاطُ عَنِ الْفِرَاشِ وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّ هَذَا كُلَّهُ قِيَاسٌ عَلَى مَا صَنَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي إِزَالَتِهِ الْحَمَامَ عَنْ رِدَائِهِ فَأَتْلَفَتْهُ حَيَّةٌ فَفَدَاهُ","vol":"7","page":468},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-726>نَتْفُ رِيشِ الطَّيْرِ، وَمَنْ رَمَى صَيْدًا</span>","vol":"7","page":470},{"text":"١٠٧٣٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «مَنْ نَتَفَ رِيشَ حَمَامَةٍ أَوْ طَيْرٍ مِنْ طُيُورِ الْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْهِ فِدَاؤُهُ بِقَدْرِ مَا نَتَفَ»\n\n١٠٧٣٣ - وَعَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنْ رَمَى حَرَامٌ صَيْدًا فَأَصَابَهُ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَدْرِ مَا فَعَلَ الصَّيْدُ فَلْيُغَرَّمْهُ»\n\n١٠٧٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا احْتِيَاطٌ وَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ\n\n١٠٧٣٥ - وَعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أُرَاهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: فِي حَرَامٍ أَخَذَ صَيْدًا ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَهُ فَمَاتَ بَعْدَ مَا أَرْسَلَهُ يُغَرَّمُهُ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ: إِذَا لَمْ يَدْرِ لَعَلَّهُ مَاتَ مِنْ أَخْذِهِ إِيَّاهُ أَوْ مَاتَ مِنْ إِرْسَالِهِ\n\n١٠٧٣٦ - وَعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «فَإِنْ أَخَذَتْهُ ابْنَتُهُ فَلَعِبَتْ بِهِ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ مَا فَعَلَ فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ» ⦗٤٧١⦘\n\n١٠٧٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الِاحْتِيَاطُ أَنْ يُجْزِئَهُ، وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْقِيَاسِ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَهُ تَلِفَ","vol":"7","page":470},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-727>مَا لِلْمُحْرِمِ قَتْلُهُ مِنْ صَيْدِ الْبَحْرِ</span>","vol":"7","page":472},{"text":"١٠٧٣٨ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ صَيْدِ الْأَنْهَارِ، وَقِلَاتِ الْمِيَاهِ، أَلَيْسَ بِصَيْدِ الْبَحْرِ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، وَتَلَا: ﴿هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ سَائِغٌ شَرَابُهُ، وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَمَنْ كُلٍّ تَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمًا طَرِيًّا﴾ [فاطر: ١٢] \"\n\n١٠٧٣٩ - وَعَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ إِنْسَانًا، سَأَلَ عَطَاءً: عَنْ حِيتَانِ، بِرْكَةِ الْقَسْرِيِّ، وَهِيَ بِئْرٌ عَظِيمَةٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ أَتُصَادُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ عِنْدَنَا مِنْهُ","vol":"7","page":472},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-728>أَصْلُ مَا يَحِلُّ قَتْلُهُ مِنَ الْوَحْشِ وَيَحْرُمُ عَلَيْ</span>هِ ⦗٤٧٤⦘\n١٠٧٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُمًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٦]، فَلَمَّا أَثْبَتَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ إِحْلَالَ صَيْدِ الْبَحْرِ، وَحَرَّمَ صَيْدَ الْبَرِّ مَا كَانُوا حُرُمًا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّيْدَ الَّذِي حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا كَانُوا حُرُمًا مَا كَانَ أَكْلُهُ حَلَالًا قَبْلَ الْإِحْرَامِ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِهِ.\n\n١٠٧٤١ - قَالَ: وَسُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَدُلُّ عَلَى مَعْنَى مَا قُلْتُ وَإِنْ كَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي الْآيَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":473},{"text":"١٠٧٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" خَمْسٌ مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُنَّ فِي الْحِلِّ، وَالْحَرَمِ: الْغُرَابُ، وَالْحِدَأَةُ، وَالْفَأْرَةُ، وَالْعَقْرَبُ، وَالْكَلْبُ الْعَقُورُ \"،\n\n١٠٧٤٣ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، إِمْلَاءً، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَبَلَّغَ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ فِي قَتْلِهِنَّ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَعَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١٠٧٤٤ - إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَحَدِهِمَا: فِي الْحَرَمِ وَالْإِحْرَامِ ⦗٤٧٥⦘\n\n١٠٧٤٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَتْلِ خَمْسِ فَوَاسِقَ فِي الْحِلِّ، وَالْحَرَمِ»\n\n١٠٧٤٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «خَمْسٌ يُقْتَلْنَ فِي الْحِلِّ وَالْحَرَمِ»\n\n١٠٧٤٧ - ثُمَّ فِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ قَالَ: الْحَيَّةُ بَدَلُ الْعَقْرَبِ","vol":"7","page":474},{"text":"١٠٧٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" خَمْسٌ مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ فِي قَتْلِهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ: الْغُرَابُ، وَالْحِدَأَةُ، وَالْعَقْرَبُ، وَالْفَأْرَةُ، وَالْكَلْبُ الْعَقُورُ \". أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٠٧٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهَذَا عِنْدَنَا جَوَابٌ عَلَى الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَكُلُّ مَا جَمَعَ مِنَ الْوَحْشِ أَنْ يَكُونَ غَيْرَ مُبَاحِ اللَّحْمِ فِي الْإِحْلَالِ وَأَنْ يَكُونَ يَضُرُّ قَتْلُهُ الْمُحْرِمَ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِذَا أَمَرَ أَنْ تُقْتَلَ الْفَأْرَةُ وَالْغُرَابُ وَالْحِدَأَةُ مَعَ ⦗٤٧٦⦘ ضَعْفِ ضُرِّهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ مِمَّنْ لَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ كَانَ مَا جَمَعَ أَنْ لَا يُؤْكَلَ لَحْمُهُ وَضُرُّهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ضُرِّهَا أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ قَتْلُهُ مُبَاحًا\n\n١٠٧٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ زَعَمَ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: «أَنَّ عُمَرَ، ﵁ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ الْحَيَّاتِ فِي الْحَرَمِ»\n\n١٠٧٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ","vol":"7","page":475},{"text":"١٠٧٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَرْمِي غُرَابًا بِالْبَيْدَاءِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»\n\n١٠٧٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ الزُّنْبُورُ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ \"\n\n١٠٧٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ غَفَلَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ","vol":"7","page":476},{"text":"١٠٧٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ الْأَصْفَهَانِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ الْحَافِظُ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ بِمَكَّةَ: سَلُونِي عَمَّا شِئْتُمْ أُخْبِرْكُمْ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْمُحْرِمِ قَتَلَ زُنْبُورًا؟ ⦗٤٧٧⦘ قَالَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ﴾ [الحشر: ٧]\n\n١٠٧٥٦ - حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ خِرَاشٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" اقْتَدُوا بِاللَّذَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِي: أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ \"\n\n١٠٧٥٧ - وَحَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ الزُّنْبُورِ»\n\n١٠٧٥٨ - وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الدِّينُورِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ أَمَرَ الْمُحْرِمَ بِقَتْلِ الزُّنْبُورِ»\n\n١٠٧٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَقْتُلُ الْمُحْرِمُ الْحَيَّةَ وَالذِّئْبَ»،\n\n١٠٧٦٠ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ\n\n١٠٧٦١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «يَقْتُلُ الْمُحْرِمُ السَّبُعَ الْعَادِي»","vol":"7","page":476},{"text":"١٠٧٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي نُعْمٍ الْبَجَلِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ مَا ⦗٤٧٨⦘ يَقْتُلُ الْمُحْرِمُ قَالَ: «الْحَيَّةَ، وَالْعَقْرَبَ وَالْفُوَيْسِقَةَ، وَيَرْمِي الْغُرَابَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُهُ، وَالْكَلْبَ الْعَقُورَ، وَالْحِدَأَةَ، وَالسَّبُعَ الْعَادِي»","vol":"7","page":477},{"text":"١٠٧٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهُدَيْرِ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يُقَرِّدُ بَعِيرًا لَهُ فِي طِينٍ بِالسُّقْيَا وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»","vol":"7","page":478},{"text":"١٠٧٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يُقَرِّدُ بَعِيرًا لَهُ فِي طِينٍ بِالسُّقْيَا»\n\n١٠٧٦٥ - زَادَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ: وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ\n\n١٠٧٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ الْمُحْرِمُ الْقِرَادَ، وَالْحَلَمَةَ»\n\n١٠٧٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٤٧٩⦘\n\n١٠٧٦٨ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَنَا يَقُولُ: لَا يَنْزِعُ الْمُحْرِمُ قُرَادًا وَلَا حَلَمَةَ، وَيُحْتَجُّ بِأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ الْمُحْرِمُ قُرَادًا أَوْ حَلَمَةً مِنْ بَعِيرِهِ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَيْفَ تَرَكْتُمْ قَوْلَ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ السُّنَّةَ لِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمَعَ عُمَرَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، وَأَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"7","page":478},{"text":"١٠٧٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ:  «لَا يَفْدِي الْمُحْرِمَ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ إِلَّا مَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ»\n\n١٠٧٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مُوَافِقٌ مَعْنَى الْقُرْآنِ وَالسُّنَّةِ","vol":"7","page":479},{"text":"١٠٧٧١ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي قَتْلِ الْكَدْمِ، وَالْجُنْدُبِ أَتُرَاهُمَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْجَرَادَةِ؟ قَالَ: «الْجَرَادَةُ صَيْدٌ يُؤْكَلُ، وَهُمَا لَا يُؤْكَلَانِ وَلَيْسَتَا بِصَيْدٍ»، فَقُلْتُ: أَقْتُلُهُمَا؟ فَقَالَ: «مَا أُحِبُّ، فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُمَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ»","vol":"7","page":479},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-729>قَتْلُ الْقَمْلِ</span>","vol":"7","page":480},{"text":"١٠٧٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ لَمْ أَرَ رَجُلًا أَطْوَلَ شَعْرًا مِنْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَحْرَمْتُ وَعَلَيَّ هَذَا الشَّعْرُ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: اشْتَمِلْ عَلَى مَا دُونَ الْأُذُنَيْنِ مِنْهُ قَالَ: قَبَّلْتُ امْرَأَةً لَيْسَتْ بِامْرَأَتِي قَالَ: زَنَى فُوكَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ قَمْلَةً فَطَرَحْتُهَا قَالَ: تِلْكَ الضَّالَّةُ لَا تُبْتَغَى\n\n١٠٧٧٣ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: أَخَذْتُ قَمْلَةً فَأَلْقَيْتُهَا ثُمَّ طَلَبْتُهَا فَلَمْ أَجِدْهَا فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «تِلْكَ ضَالَّةٌ لَا تُبْتَغَى»\n\n١٠٧٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: إِلَّا أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ الْقَمْلُ فِي رَأْسِهِ لَمْ أُحِبَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَفَلَّى عَنْهُ لِأَنَّهُ إِمَاطَةُ أَذًى، فَأَكْرَهُ لَهُ قَتْلَهُ وَآمُرُهُ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِشَيْءٍ، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ تَصَدَّقُ بِهِ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ وَاجِبًا","vol":"7","page":480},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-730>قَتْلُ النَّمْلَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":481},{"text":"١٠٧٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَأَكْرَهُ قَتَلَ النَّمْلَةِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ وَغَيْرِ الْمُحْرِمِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ النَّمْلَةِ، فَإِنْ قَتَلَهَا مُحْرِمٌ فَلَا فِدْيَةَ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أُمِرَ بِفِدَاءِ الصَّيْدِ الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ»\n\n١٠٧٧٦ - \" قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا النَّهْيَ عَنْ قَتْلِهَا، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الدَّبْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"7","page":481},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-731>بَابُ الْإِحْصَارِ </span>⦗٤٨٦⦘\n١٠٧٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ﴾ قَالَ: فَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِمَّنْ حَفِظْتُ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالتَّفْسِيرِ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ نَزَلَتْ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةَ حِينَ أُحْصِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَحَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْبَيْتِ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَحَرَ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةَ وَحَلَقَ وَرَجَعَ حَلَالًا وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ وَلَا أَصْحَابُهُ إِلَّا عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ وَحْدَهُ \" ⦗٤٨٧⦘\n\n١٠٧٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا نُزُولُ الْآيَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي أَوَّلِ كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ فِي حَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي الْمَغَازِي، وَأَمَّا نَحْرُهُ بِهَا فَ","vol":"7","page":482},{"text":"١٠٧٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «نَحَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةَ الْبَدَنَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ، وَالْبَقَرَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٠٧٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَنَحَرَ ﷺ فِي الْحِلِّ وَقَدْ قِيلَ نَحَرَ الْحُرُمُ وَحَكَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ\n\n١٠٧٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا ذَهَبْنَا إِلَى أَنَّهُ نَحَرَ فِي الْحِلِّ، وَبَعْضُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي الْحِلِّ وَبَعْضُهَا فِي الْحَرَمِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، يَقُولُ: ﴿وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْهَدْيَ مَعْكُوفًا أَنْ يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٥]، وَالْحَرَمُ كُلُّهُ مَحِلُّهُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ ⦗٤٨٨⦘\n\n١٠٧٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَحَيْثُ مَا أُحْصِرَ ذَبَحَ شَاةً وَحَلَّ\n\n١٠٧٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَحَرَ الْهَدْيَ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ حَيْثُ حَلَّ عِنْدَ الشَّجَرَةِ»\n\n١٠٧٨٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ: «أَنَّهُمْ ذَكُّوا هَدْيَهُمْ فِي أَمْكِنَتِهِمْ حَيْثُ حِيلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَنَاسِكِهِمْ»","vol":"7","page":487},{"text":"١٠٧٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ زَمَنَ الْفِتْنَةِ مُعْتَمِرًا فَقَالَ:  «إِنَّ صُدِدْتُ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ صَنَعْنَا كَمَا صَنَعْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n١٠٧٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي أَحْلَلْنَا كَمَا أَحْلَلْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":488},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-732>مَنْ قَالَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَى الْمُحْصَرِ</span>","vol":"7","page":489},{"text":"١٠٧٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيمَنْ أُحْصِرَ بِعَدُوٍّ، لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ، \" فَإِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَعَلَيْهِ حَجَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ قِبَلِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَضَاءً \"\n\n١٠٧٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَالَّذِي أَعْقِلُ فِي أَخْبَارِ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي شَبِيهٌ بِمَا ذَكَرْتُ مِنْ ظَاهِرِ الْآيَةِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّا قَدْ عَلِمْنَا فِي مُتَوَاطِئِ أَحَادِيثِهِمْ أَنْ قَدْ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ رِجَالٌ مَعْرُوفُونَ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ، ثُمَّ اعْتَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمْرَةَ الْقَضِيَّةِ، وَتَخَلَّفَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ فِي نَفْسٍ وَلَا مَالٍ عَلِمْتُهُ، وَلَوْ لَزِمَهُمُ الْقَضَاءُ لَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِأَنْ لَا يَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنْهُ،\n\n١٠٧٨٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْعُمْرَةَ الَّتِي اعْتَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ حَصْرِهِ إِنَّمَا سَمَّيَتْ عُمْرَةَ الْقِصَاصِ، وَعُمْرَةَ الْقَضِيَّةِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى اقْتَصَّ لِرَسُولِهِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كَمَا مَنَعُوهُ لَا عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٠٧٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «لَمْ تَكُنْ هَذِهِ الْعُمْرَةُ قَضَاءً، وَلَكِنْ كَانَ شَرْطًا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرُوا قَابِلَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الَّذِي صَدَّهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فِيهِ»\n\n١٠٧٩١ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ رَوْحٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «إِنَّمَا الْبَدَلُ عَلَى مَنْ نَقْضَ حَجَّهُ بِالتَّلَذُّذِ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ حَبَسَهُ عُذْرٌ أَوْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ ⦗٤٩٠⦘ فَإِنَّهُ يُحِلُّ وَلَا يَرْجِعُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ وَهُوَ مُحْصَرٌ نَحَرَهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ بِهِ»","vol":"7","page":489},{"text":"١٠٧٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ، يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ أَحْرَمَ بِحَجٍّ أَوْ بِعُمْرَةٍ ثُمَّ حُبِسَ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ بِمَرَضٍ يُجْهِدُهُ أَوْ عَدُوٍّ يَحْبِسُهُ فَعَلَيْهِ ذَبْحُ مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ، شَاةً فَمَا فَوْقَهَا تُذْبَحُ عَنْهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ حَجَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ حَجَّةٌ بَعْدَ حَجَّةِ الْفَرِيضَةِ فَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٠٧٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ فِي الْمَرَضِ إِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا، فَرِوَايَةُ الْأَكَابِرِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي أَنْ لَا حَصْرَ إِلَّا حَصْرُ الْعَدُوِّ، وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِهَذَا إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ شَرَطَ التَّحَلُّلَ بِهِ مِنْهُ عِنْدَ إِحْرَامِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":490},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-733>الْإِحْصَارُ بِالْمَرَضِ</span>\n١٠٧٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الْآيَةُ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْإِحْصَارِ بِالْعَدُوِّ، فَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّ الْآيَةَ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ بِإِتْمَامِ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ لِلَّهِ عَامَّةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ حَاجٍّ وَمُعْتَمِرٍ إِلَّا مَنِ اسْتَثْنَى اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ سَنَّ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْحَصْرِ بِالْعَدُوِّ","vol":"7","page":491},{"text":"١٠٧٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدً، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا حَصْرَ إِلَّا حَصْرُ الْعَدُوِّ» وَزَادَ أَحَدُهُمَا: ذَهَبَ الْحَصْرُ الْآنَ\n\n١٠٧٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ لَا عَدُوَّ يَحُولُ دُونَ الْبَيْتِ، وَيَعْنِي أَنَّ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي مَنْ أَحْصَرَهُ الْعَدُوُّ، لَا مَنْ حُبِسَ بِمَرَضٍ وَهَكَذَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ: لَا يُحِلُّ الْمَرِيضُ دُونَ الْبَيْتِ","vol":"7","page":491},{"text":"١٠٧٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:  «مَنْ حُبِسَ دُونَ الْبَيْتِ بِمَرَضٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُحِلُّ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ»","vol":"7","page":491},{"text":"١٠٧٩٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْمُحْصَرُ لَا يُحِلُّ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ»\n\n١٠٧٩٩ - زَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ هَذَا الْأَثَرِ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ: فَإِنِ اضْطُرَّ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ لِبْسِ الثِّيَابِ الَّتِي لَابُدَّ لَهُ مِنْهَا صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ وَافْتَدَى\n\n١٠٨٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ الْمُحْصَرُ بِالْمَرَضِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":492},{"text":"١٠٨٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، ومَرْوَانَ، وَابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَفْتَوْا ابْنَ حُزَابَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيَّ: «وَأَنَّهُ صُرِعَ بِبَعْضِ طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ أَنْ يَتَدَاوَى بِمَا لَا بُدَّ لَهُ مِنْهُ وَيَفْتَدِيَ فَإِذَا صَحَّ اعْتَمَرَ فَحَلَّ مِنْ إِحْرَامِهِ وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَحُجَّ عَامًا قَابِلًا وَيَهْدِيَ»","vol":"7","page":492},{"text":"١٠٨٠٢ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ كَانَ قَدِيمًا، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «خَرَجْتُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ بِالطَّرِيقِ كُسِرَتْ فَخِذِي، فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَبِهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَالنَّاسُ، فَلَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لِي أَحَدٌ فِي أَنْ أُحِلَّ، فَأَقَمْتُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ سَبْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ حَلَلْتُ بِعُمْرَةٍ»\n\n١٠٨٠٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، كَانَ قَدِيمًا، وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ، وَذَكَرَ نَسَبَهُ، وَسَمَّى الْمَاءَ الَّذِي أَقَامَ بِهِ «الدُّثَيْنَةَ»، وَحَدَّثَنَا شَبِيهًا بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٤٩٣⦘\n\n١٠٨٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مُعْتَمِرًا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ بِالدُّثَيْنَةِ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"7","page":492},{"text":"١٠٨٠٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ تَقُولُ: «الْمُحْرِمُ لَا يُحِلُّهُ إِلَّا الطَّوَافُ بِالْبَيْتِ»\n\n١٠٨٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"7","page":493},{"text":"١٠٨٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يُحِلُّ مُحْرِمٌ بِحَجٍّ وَلَا عُمْرَةٍ حَبَسَهُ بَلَاءٌ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ إِلَّا مَنْ حَبَسَهُ عَدُوٌّ، فَإِنَّهُ يُحِلُّ حَيْثُ حُبِسَ، وَمَنْ حُبِسَ فِي عُمْرَةٍ بِبَلَاءٍ مَكَثَ عَلَى حَرَمِهِ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ، ثُمَّ يُحِلُّ مِنْ عُمْرَتِهِ، فَإِنْ مَنَعَهُ عَدُوٌّ فِي عُمْرَتِهِ» قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: يَعْنِي حَلَّ حَيْثُ حَبَسَهُ قَالَ: ثُمَّ رَجَعَ حَلَالًا ثُمَّ اعْتَمَرَ بَعْدُ إِذَا أَمِنَ كَمَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَإِنْ حَبَسَهُ بَلَاءٌ حَتَّى يَفُوتَهُ الْحَجُّ طَافَ إِذَا بَلَغَ الْبَيْتَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا، وَالْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ حَلَقَ أَوْ قَصَّرَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ حَلَالًا مِنْ حَجَّهِ حَتَّى يَحُجَّ عَامًا قَابِلًا، وَيُهْدِي فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةً إِذَا رَجَعَ \"\n\n١٠٨٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَإِنِ اضْطُرَّ الْمَحْبُوسُ بِمَرَضٍ إِلَى حَلْقِ شَعَرٍ أَوْ لِبَاسِ مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ لِبَاسُهُ فَعَلَ وَافْتَدَى أَيْنَ كَانَ فِي حِلٍّ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ كَعْبَ بْنَ عُجْرَةَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ شَاةً وَذَلِكَ فِي الْحِلِّ، وَإِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ نَسَكَ عَنِ ابْنِهِ الْحُسَيْنِ بِالسُّقْيَا وَحَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ ⦗٤٩٤⦘\n\n١٠٨٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ كَعْبٍ فَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُهُ. أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ فَفِيِمَا","vol":"7","page":493},{"text":"١٠٨١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ الرَّحَبِيِّ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَمَرُّوا عَلَى حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ بِالسُّقْيَا، فَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَتَّى إِذَا خَافَ الْفَوَاتَ خَرَجَ وَبَعَثَ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ، وَهُمَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَقَدِمَا عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ حُسَيْنًا أَشَارَ إِلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَأَمَرَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِرَأْسِهِ فَحُلِقَ، ثُمَّ نَسَكَ عَنْهُ بِالسُّقْيَا، فَنَحَرَ عَنْهُ بَعِيرًا قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَكَانَ حُسَيْنٌ خَرَجَ مَعَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ فِي سَفَرِهِ ذَلِكَ \"\n\n١٠٨١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْمَحْبُوسِ بِالْمَرَضِ، فَقَالُوا: هُوَ وَالْمُحْصَرُ بِالْعَدُوِّ لَا يَفْتَرِقَانِ، وَقَالَ: نَبْعَثُ الْمُحْصَرَ بِالْبُدْنِ وَنُوَاعِدُهُ يَوْمًا نَذْبَحُهُ فِيهِ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّا إِنَّمَا اعْتَمَدْنَا فِي هَذَا عَلَى شَيْءٍ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ\n\n١٠٨١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى الْأَسْوَدُ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي الَّذِي لُدِغَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ بِالْعُمْرَةِ فَأُحْصِرَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «ابْعَثُوا بِالْهَدْيِ، وَاجْعَلُوا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ يَوْمَ أَمَارٍ، فَإِذَا ذَبَحَ الْهَدْيَ بِمَكَّةَ حَلَّ هَذَا»\n\n١٠٨١٣ - وَأَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ بِجَوَابٍ مَبْسُوطٍ: وَجُمْلَتُهُ أَنَّ الَّذِيَ رُوِّينَا عَنْهُمْ مِثْلُ مَذْهَبِنَا قَوْلُهُمْ أَشْبَهُ بِالْقُرْآنِ، وَإِنَّهُمْ عَدَدٌ فَقَوْلُهُمْ أَوْلَى، وَلِأَنَّ مَنْ قَالَ نَبْعَثُ ⦗٤٩٥⦘ بِالْهَدْيِ وَنُوَاعِدُهُ يَوْمًا قَدْ يُحِلُّ وَهُوَ لَا يَدْرِي، لَعَلَّ الْهَدْيَ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ مَحِلَّهُ، فَنَأْمُرَ بِالْخُرُوجِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ لَزِمَهُ بِالظَّنِّ\n\n١٠٨١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ كُسِرَ أَوْ عَرَجَ فَقَدْ حَلَّ وَعَلَيْهِ حَجَّةٌ أُخْرَى»\n\n١٠٨١٥ - فَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ\n\n١٠٨١٦ - فَقِيلَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، أَنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، هَكَذَا قَالَ الْحَجَّاجُ الصَّوَّافُ عَنْ يَحْيَى،\n\n١٠٨١٧ - وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، هَكَذَا قَالَهُ مَعْمَرٌ، ومُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ، وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: فَحَدَّثْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وأَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَقَالَا: صَدَقَ الْحَجَّاجُ\n\n١٠٨١٨ - وَالثَّابِتُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، بِرِوَايَةِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْهُ خِلَافُ هَذَا، وَذَهَبَ أَكْثَرَهُمْ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُحِلُّ بِنَفْسِ الْكَسْرِ وَالْعَرَجِ، وَخَالِفُوا ظَاهِرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ، وَأَرَادَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَدِ اشْتَرَطَ ذَلِكَ فِي عَقْدِ الْإِحْرَامِ فَيُحِلُّ عِنْدَ وجودِ الشَّرْطِ، وَعَلَيْهِ حَجَّةٌ أُخْرَى إِنْ كَانَ يَقْضِي فَرْضًا فَلَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ. وَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ بَعْدَ فَوَاتِهِ بِمَا يَحِلُّ بِهِ مَنْ يَفُوتُهُ الْحَجُّ بِغَيْرِ مَرَضٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٤٩٦⦘\n\n١٠٨١٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَاضِرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يُبَدِّلُوا الْهَدْيَ الَّذِي نَحَرُوا عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي عُمْرَةِ الْقَضَاءِ» فَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ","vol":"7","page":494},{"text":"١٠٨٢٠ - ورَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَاضِرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَمَّا نَحَرْتُمْ فِي الْإِحْصَارِ، عَلَى بَدَلِهِ قَالَ: نَعَمْ فَأَبْدَلَ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ قَدْ أَبْدَلُوا الْهَدْيَ الَّذِي نَحَرُوا عَامَ صَدَّهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَأَبْدَلُوا ذَلِكَ فِي عُمْرَةِ الْقَضَاءِ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٠٨٢١ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ قَضِيَّةٌ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْإِبْدَالِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنْ صَحَّ الْحَدِيثُ اسْتَحَبَّ الْإِبْدَالَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ وَاجِبًا كَمَا اسْتَحَبَّ الْإِتْيَانَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَضَاءُ مَا أُحْصِرَهُ عَنْهُ وَاجِبًا بِالتَّحَلُّلِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":496},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-734>بَابُ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ مِنَ الْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":497},{"text":"١٠٨٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَرَّ بِضُبَاعَةَ بِنْتِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ: «أَمَا تُرِيدِينَ الْحَجَّ؟» فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي شَاكِيَةٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا:  «حُجِّي وَاشْتَرِطِي أَنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيْثُ حَبَسْتَنِي»","vol":"7","page":497},{"text":"١٠٨٢٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَتْ لِي عَائِشَةُ: هَلْ تَسْتَثْنِي إِذَا حَجَجْتَ؟ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: مَاذَا أَقُولُ؟ فَقَالَتْ: قُلِ: «اللَّهُمَّ الْحَجَّ أَرَدْتُ، وَلَهُ عَمَدْتُ، فَإِنْ يَسَّرْتَهُ فَهُوَ الْحَجُّ، وَإِنْ حَبَسَنِي حَابِسٌ فَهِيَ عُمْرَةٌ».\n\n١٠٨٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: لَوْ ثَبَتَ حَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ لَمْ أُعِدْهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ عِنْدِي خِلَافُ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٠٨٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ مَوْصُولًا لَا يَذْكُرُ عَائِشَةَ فِيهِ ⦗٤٩٨⦘\n\n١٠٨٢٦ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ وَصْلُهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٠٨٢٧ - وَثَبُتَ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٠٨٢٨ - وَعَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مِثْلَهُ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٠٨٢٩ - وَثَبُتَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وطَاوُسٍ، وعِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ، قَرَنَ عِكْرِمَةَ بِغَيْرِهِ.\n\n١٠٨٣٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَا جَمِيعَ ذَلِكَ فِي «كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ»","vol":"7","page":497},{"text":"١٠٨٣١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ خَبَّابٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ ضُبَاعَةَ بِنْتَ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ الْحَجَّ، أَأَشْتَرِطُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَتْ: فَكَيْفَ ⦗٤٩٩⦘ أَقُولُ؟ قَالَ: قُولِي:  «لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ وَمَحِلِّي مِنَ الْأَرْضِ حَيْثُ حَبَسْتَنِي»","vol":"7","page":498},{"text":"١٠٨٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عُمَرُ: «يَا أَبَا أُمَيَّةَ حُجَّ وَاشْتَرِطْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ مَا اشْتَرَطْتَ، وَلِلَّهِ عَلَيْكَ مَا اشْتَرَطْتَ»\n\n١٠٨٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ\n\n١٠٨٣٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَأْمُرُ بِالِاشْتِرَاطِ فِي الْحَجِّ\n\n١٠٨٣٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وعَمَّارٍ\n\n١٠٨٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، بِالْإِجَازَةِ: وَبَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا يَذْهَبُ إِلَى إِبْطَالِ الشَّرْطِ، وَلَيْسَ يَذْهَبُ فِي إِبْطَالِهِ إِلَى شَيْءٍ عَالٍ أَحْفَظُهُ\n\n١٠٨٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: «أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَنِ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ فِي الْحَجِّ فَأَنْكَرَهُ»\n\n١٠٨٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ابْنُ شِهَابٍ إِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْهُ عَنْ ⦗٥٠٠⦘ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُنْكِرُ الِاشْتِرَاطَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَلَوْ بَلَغَهُ حَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ضُبَاعَةَ بِنْتِ الزُّبَيْرِ لَمْ يُنْكِرْهُ كَمَا لَمْ يُنْكِرْهُ أَبُوهُ فِيمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":499},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-735>الْمَرْأَةُ لَا تُحْرِمُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا</span>","vol":"7","page":501},{"text":"١٠٨٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ تُهِلُّ بِالْحَجِّ فَيَمْنَعُهَا زَوْجُهَا: «هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُحْصَرِ»","vol":"7","page":501},{"text":"١٠٨٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الصَّائِغِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي امْرَأَةٍ لَهَا زَوْجٌ، وَلَهَا مَالٌ، وَلَا يَأْذَنُ لَهَا زَوْجُهَا فِي الْحَجِّ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تَنْطَلِقَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا»\n\n١٠٨٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُذَكِّرُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ الصَّائِغُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٠٨٤٢ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنْ صَحَّ قَبْلَ إِحْرَامِهَا عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ لَهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":501},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-736>مَنْ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَنْعُهَا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ لِفَرِيضَةِ الْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":502},{"text":"١٠٨٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَمْنَعُوا إِمَاءَ اللَّهِ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ، وَإِذَا خَرَجْنَ فَلْيَخْرُجْنَ تَفِلَاتٍ»\n\n١٠٨٤٤ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي هَذَا، ثُمَّ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى الْخُصُوصِ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا","vol":"7","page":502},{"text":"١٠٨٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يَخْلُوَنَّ رَجُلٌ بِامْرَأَةٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ أَنْ تُسَافِرَ إِلَّا وَمَعَهَا ذُو مُحْرِمٍ»، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي اكْتَتَبْتُ فِي غَزْوَةِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِنَّ امْرَأَتِي انْطَلَقَتْ حَاجَّةً فَقَالَ: «انْطَلِقْ فَاحْجُجْ بِامْرَأَتِكَ» ⦗٥٠٣⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٠٨٤٦ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي جَوَازِ مَنْعِهَا عَنْ سَائِرِ الْمَسَاجِدِ، وَعَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، لِغَيْرِ الْفَرِيضَةِ بِأَنَّ الْأَسْفَارَ إِلَى الْمَسَاجِدِ نَافِلَةٌ غَيْرُ السَّفَرِ لِلْحَجٍّ، وَلِلزَّوْجِ مَنْعُهَا عَنِ النَّافِلَةِ","vol":"7","page":502},{"text":"١٠٨٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَقُولُ: «إِنْ كَانَ لَيَكُونُ عَلَيَّ الصَّوْمُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَمَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَصُومَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ شَعْبَانُ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى\n\n١٠٨٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ هَذِهِ الْحِجَّةُ ثُمَّ ظُهُورُ الْحَصْرِ»\n\n١٠٨٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِنِسَائِهِ فِي حَجَّتِهِ،\n\n١٠٨٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ أَذِنَ لَهُنَّ فِي الْحَجِّ فِي آخِرِ حَجَّةٍ حَجَّهَا، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَمْنَعُهُنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَهُ ⦗٥٠٤⦘\n\n١٠٨٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمَّا لَمْ تَخْتَلِفِ الْعَامَّةُ أَنْ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ شُهُودَ صَلَاةِ جَمَاعَةٍ كَمَا هِيَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ، وَأَنَّ لِوَلِيِّهَا حَبْسَهَا، كَانَ هَذَا اخْتِيَارًا لَا فَرْضًا عَلَى الْوَلِيِّ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"7","page":503},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-737>خُرُوجُهَا فِي سَفَرِ الْحَجِّ</span>","vol":"7","page":505},{"text":"١٠٨٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧]. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ السَّبِيلَ: الزَّادُ، وَالرَّاحِلَةُ، فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِمَّنْ تَجِدُ مَرْكَبًا وَزَادًا وَتُطِيقُ السَّفَرَ لِلْحَجِّ فَهِيَ مِمَّنْ عَلَيْهِ فَرْضُ الْحَجِّ فَلَا يَحِلُّ أَنْ تُمْنَعَ فَرِيضَةَ الْحَجِّ كَمَا لَا تُمْنَعُ فَرِيضَةَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالصِّيَامِ وَغَيْرَهُمَا مِنَ الْفَرَائِضِ\n\n١٠٨٥٣ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا نُهِيَتْ عَنِ السَّفَرِ فِيمَا لَا يَلْزَمُ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِخُرُوجِهَا فِي كُلِّ سَفَرٍ يَلْزَمُهَا، وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ خُرُوجِهَا إِلَى الْحَاكِمِ فِيمَا يَلْزَمُهَا مِنَ الْحُقُوقِ وَالْحُدُودِ، وَخُرُوجِهَا فِي سَفَرِ التَّغْرِيبِ إِذَا زَنَتْ، وَهِيَ بِكْرٌ وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ \"","vol":"7","page":505},{"text":"١٠٨٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَنَأْمُرُ الْمَرْأَةَ أَنْ لَا تَخْرُجَ إِلَّا مَعَ مَحْرَمٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا مَحْرَمٌ، أَوْ كَانَ فَامْتَنَعَ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ مَعَهَا، لَمْ يُجْبَرْ عَلَى الْخُرُوجِ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ طَرِيقُهَا مَا حَوْلَهَا آمِنَةٌ، وَكَانَتْ مَعَ نِسَاءٍ ثِقَاتٍ أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ ثِقَةٍ خَرَجَتْ فَحَجَّتْ»\n\n١٠٨٥٥ - قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعُرْوَةَ مِثْلُ قَوْلِنَا فِي أَنْ تُسَافِرَ الْمَرْأَةُ لِلْحَجِّ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهَا مَحْرَمٌ","vol":"7","page":506},{"text":"١٠٨٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُضَرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهَا حَدَّثَتْهُ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرَتْ أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ يُخْبِرُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ تُسَافِرَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلَّا وَمَعَهَا ذُو مَحْرَمٍ»، فَالْتَفَتَتْ إِلَيْنَا عَائِشَةُ فَقَالَتْ: مَا كُلُّهُنَّ لَهَا ذُو مَحْرَمٍ\n\n١٠٨٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ سَافَرَ بِمَوْلَاةٍ لَهُ لَيْسَ هُوَ لَهَا مَحْرَمٌ وَلَا مَعَهَا مَحْرَمٌ","vol":"7","page":506},{"text":"١٠٨٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُقْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: «أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ سَافَرَ بِمَوْلَاةٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهَا صَافِيَةُ عَلَى عَجُزِ بَعِيرٍ» ⦗٥٠٧⦘\n\n١٠٨٥٩ - ورَوَى بُكَيْرُ بْنُ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُسَافِرُ مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مُوَالَيَاتٍ لَيْسَ مَعَهُنَّ ذُو مَحْرَمٍ»\n\n١٠٨٦٠ - وَهَذَا إِذَا ضُمَّ إِلَى الْأَوَّلِ مَنْعُ مَنْ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى سَفَرٍ لَا يَبْلُغُ ثَلَاثَةً، فَسَفَرُ الْحَجِّ كَانَ يَزِيدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ","vol":"7","page":506},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-738>نَهْيُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ فِيمَا لَا يَلْزَمُهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ مَحْرَمٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":508},{"text":"١٠٨٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ تُسَافِرَ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٠٨٦٢ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا تُسَافِرُ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ» قَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ،\n\n١٠٨٦٣ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ مَنْعُهَا مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ فِي قَلِيلِ السَّفَرِ وَكَثِيرِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ،\n\n١٠٨٦٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَنْعُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَلَغَ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً،\n\n١٠٨٦٥ - وَفِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: يَوْمَيْنِ،\n\n١٠٨٦٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ،\n\n١٠٨٦٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَوْقَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ،\n\n١٠٨٦٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: ثَلَاثًا ⦗٥٠٩⦘\n\n١٠٨٦٩ - وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، خَرَجَ مَخْرَجَ الْجَوَابِ فَكَأَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ كُلِّ عَدَدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَعْدَادِ فَنَهَى عَنْهُ. فَأَدَّى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الرُّوَاةِ مَا سَمِعَ فَلَا يَجُوزُ خُرُوجُهَا فِيمَا لَا يَلْزَمُهَا فِي قَلِيلِ السَّفَرِ وَكَثِيرِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِي مَحْرَمِ،\n\n١٠٨٧٠ - وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَعْدَادَ دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ صَارَتْ مَنْسُوخَةً بِخَبَرِ الثَّلَاثِ فَإِنَّهُ يُرِيدُ تَصْحِيحَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، وَلَا يَزَالُ يَدَّعِي نَسْخَ مَا لَا يَقُولُ بِهِ بِمَا يَقُولُ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَأْرِيخٍ وَلَا سَبَبٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّسْخِ، وَلَوْ زَعَمَ آخَرُ أَنَّهُ مَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوَّلًا فِي مَسِيرَةِ ثَلَاثٍ، ثُمَّ خَشِيَ الضَّيْعَةَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فِي أَقَلِّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَمَنَعَ مِنْهُ وَمِنَ الْخَلْوَةِ بِهِنَّ، كَانَ كَمَنْ فِيمَا ادَّعَى مِنَ النَّسْخِ بِلَا حُجَّةٍ، بَلْ هَذَا أَحْسَنُ احْتِمَالًا، وَأَحْوَطُ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"7","page":508},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-739>الْأَيَّامُ الْمَعْلُومَاتُ وَالْمَعْدُودَاتُ</span>","vol":"7","page":510},{"text":"١٠٨٧١ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «الْأَيَّامُ الْمَعْدُودَاتُ أَيَّامُ مِنًى ثَلَاثَةٌ بَعْدَ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ وَهِيَ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ، وَالْأَيَّامُ الْمَعْلُومَاتُ أَيَّامُ الْعَشْرِ فِيهَا يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ»، وَيَظُنُّ كَذَلِكَ. رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"7","page":510},{"text":"١٠٨٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٥١١⦘ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ: ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠٣] قَالَ: «هِيَ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ» وَقَالَ فِي هَذِهِ: ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ﴾ قَالَ: «أَيَّامُ الْعَشْرِ» قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ","vol":"7","page":510},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-740>بَابُ الْهَدْيِ</span>","vol":"7","page":512},{"text":"١٠٨٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «مَنْ نَذَرَ هَدْيًا فَسَمَّى شَيْئًا فَعَلَيْهِ الشَّيْءُ الَّذِي سَمَّى، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُسَمِّ شَيْئًا أَوْ لَزِمَهُ هَدْيٌ لَيْسَ بِجَزَاءٍ مِنْ صَيْدٍ فَيَكُونُ عَدْلُهُ فَلَا يُجْزِئُهُ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ وَالْمَعِزِ الْأُنْثَى فَصَاعِدًا وَيُجْزِئُهُ الذَّكَرُ وَالْأُنْثَى، وَيُجْزِئُ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ وَحْدَهُ الْجَذَعُ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ الْحَرَمُ، وَلَا مَحِلَّ لِلْهَدْيِ دُونَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُسَمِّيَ الرَّجُلُ مَوْضِعًا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَوْ يُحْصَرُ رَجُلٌ بِعَدُوٍّ» ⦗٥١٣⦘\n\n١٠٨٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَذْبَحُوا إِلَّا مُسِنَّةً إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْسُرَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَذْبَحُوا جَذَعَةً مِنَ الضَّأْنِ» وَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿ثُمَّ مَحِلُّهَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٣٣]","vol":"7","page":512},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-741>الِاخْتِيَارُ فِي التَّقْلِيدِ وَالْإِشْعَارِ</span>","vol":"7","page":514},{"text":"١٠٨٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَالِاخْتِيَارُ فِي الْهَدْيِ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ صَاحِبُهُ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ ثُمَّ يُقَلِّدُهُ نَعْلَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ يُشْعِرَهُ فِي الشِّقِّ الْأَيْمَنِ، وَالْإِشْعَارُ: أَنْ يُضْرَبَ بِحَدِيدَةٍ فِي سِنَامِ الْبَعِيرِ، وَسِنَامِ الْبَقَرَةِ حَتَّى يَدْمَى قَالَ: وَيُذْكَرُ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْإِشْعَارِ \"","vol":"7","page":515},{"text":"١٠٨٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَسَّانَ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَشْعَرَ مِنَ الشِّقِّ الْأَيْمَنِ»\n\n١٠٨٧٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَسَّانَ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَمَّا أَتَى ذَا الْخَلِيفَةَ أَشْعُرَ بَدَنَتَهُ مِنْ جَانِبِ سَنَامِهَا الْأَيْمَنِ»\n\n١٠٨٧٨ - قَالَ شُعْبَةُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: ثُمَّ سَلَتَ عَنْهَا الدَّمَ،\n\n١٠٨٧٩ - وَقَالَ هِشَامٌ، ثُمَّ أَمَاطَ عَنْهَا الدَّمَ وَأَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ قَالَ هِشَامٌ: وَأَهَلَّ عِنْدَ الظُّهْرِ وَقَلَّدَهَا نَعْلَيْنِ ⦗٥١٦⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، وَهِشَامٌ فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَهِشَامٍ،\n\n١٠٨٨٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"7","page":515},{"text":"١٠٨٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُبَالِي فِي أَيِّ الشِّقَّيْنِ أَشْعَرَ فِي الْأَيْسَرِ أَوْ فِي الْأَيْمَنِ»\n\n١٠٨٨٢ - وَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِمَا رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٠٨٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِالنِّعَالِ وَجِلَالِ الْبُدْنِ، وَذَكَرَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n١٠٨٨٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ: «أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِجِلَالِ بُدْنِهِ»\n\n١٠٨٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَلَا يُشْعِرُ الْغَنَمُ، وَيُقَلِّدُ الرِّقَاعَ وَحَرْبَ الْعَرَبِ\n\n١٠٨٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «أَهْدَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّةً غَنَمًا فَقَلَّدَهَا»\n\n١٠٨٨٧ - وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَتَلْتُ قَلَائِدَهَا مِنْ عِهْنِ كَانَ عِنْدَنَا","vol":"7","page":516},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-742>بَابٌ لَا يَصِيرُ بِالتَّقْلِيدِ وَالْإِشْعَارِ وَهُوَ لَا يُرِيدُ الْإِحْرَامَ مُحْرِمًا</span>","vol":"7","page":517},{"text":"١٠٨٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ زِيَادًا، كَتَبَ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: مَنْ أَهْدَى هَدْيًا حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يُحَرَّمُ عَلَى الْحَاجِّ حَتَّى يَنْحَرَ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «لَيْسَ كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَا فَتَلْتُ قَلَائِدَ هَدْيِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدِي، ثُمَّ قَلَّدَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بِهَا مَعَ أَبِي، فَلَمْ يُحَرَّمْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْءٌ أَحَلَّهُ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَتَّى نَحَرَ الْهَدْيَ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":517},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-743>اشْتِرَاكُ سَبْعَةٍ فِي بَدَنَةٍ أَوْ بَقَرَةٍ</span>","vol":"7","page":518},{"text":"١٠٨٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ: هَلْ يَشْتَرِي السَّبْعَةُ جَزُورًا فَيَنْحَرُونَهَا عَنْ هَدْيٍ إِحْصَارٍ أَوْ تَمَتُّعٍ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقُلْتُ: وَمَا الْخَيْرُ فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ،\n\n١٠٨٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «نَحَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ الْبَدَنَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ، وَالْبَقَرَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ»\n\n١٠٨٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا نَحَرُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ بَدَنَةً عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ، وَبَقَرَةً عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ فَالْعِلْمُ يُحِيطُ أَنَّهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ بُيُوتَاتٍ شَتَّى لَا مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ وَاحِدٍ،\n\n١٠٨٩٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْعَمَلُ عِنْدَكَ لَا تُخَالِفُوهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ فِعْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَلْفٍ وَأَرْبَعِ مِائَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ","vol":"7","page":518},{"text":"١٠٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗٥١٩⦘، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَلْفًا وَأَرْبَعِ مِائَةِ، وَقَالَ لَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَنْتُمُ الْيَوْمَ خَيْرُ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ» قَالَ جَابِرٌ: وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أُبْصِرُ لَأَرَيْتُكُمْ مَوْضِعَ الشَّجَرَةِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"7","page":518},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-744>رُكُوبُ الْبَدَنَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":520},{"text":"١٠٨٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، رَأَى رَجُلًا يَسُوقُ بَدَنَةً فَقَالَ: «ارْكَبْهَا» فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا بَدَنَةٌ قَالَ: «ارْكَبْهَا وَيْلَكَ» فِي الثَّانِيَةِ أَوِ الثَّالِثَةِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"7","page":520},{"text":"١٠٨٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَإِذَا سَاقَ الْهَدْيَ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ضَرُورَةٍ، وَإِذَا اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهِ رَكِبَهُ رُكُوبًا غَيْرَ قَادِحٍ»\n\n١٠٨٩٦ - قَالَ: وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَشْرَبَ مِنْ لَبَنِهَا إِلَّا بَعْدَ رِيِّ فَصِيلِهَا \"","vol":"7","page":521},{"text":"١٠٨٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا رُوِّينَاهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرًا، سُئِلَ عَنْ رُكُوبِ الْبَدَنَةِ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَقُولُ:  «ارْكَبْهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ إِذَا أُلْجِئْتَ إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَجِدَ ظَهْرًا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانِ\n\n١٠٨٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى بَقَرَةً لِيُضَحِّيَ بِهَا فَنَتَجَتْ فَقَالَ: لَا تَشْرَبْ لَبَنَهَا إِلَّا فَضْلًا فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ فَاذْبَحْهَا وَوَلَدَهَا عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ،\n\n١٠٨٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، مَعْنَى قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الرُّكُوبِ وَاللَّبَنِ جَمِيعًا","vol":"7","page":521},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-745>كَيْفُ النَّحْرِ</span>؟\n١٠٩٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَتُنْحَرُ الْإِبِلُ قِيَامًا غَيْرَ مَعْقُولَةٍ، وَإِنْ أَحَبَّ عَقَلَ إِحْدَى قَوَائِمِهَا\n\n١٠٩٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ أَتَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَهُوَ يَنْحَرُ بَدَنَتَهُ بَارِكَةً فَقَالَ: «ابْعَثْهَا قِيَامًا مُقَيَّدَةً سُنَّةَ نَبِيِّكُمْ ﷺ»\n\n١٠٩٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ النَّسِيكَةَ صَاحِبُهَا أَوْ يَحْضُرَ الذَّبْحَ فَإِنَّهُ يُرْجَى عِنْدَ سُفُوحِ الدَّمِ الْمَغْفِرَةُ ⦗٥٢٣⦘\n\n١٠٩٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِيَ هَذَا فِي حَدِيثٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا فَاطِمَةُ قَوْمِي فَاشْهَدِي أُضْحِيَتَكِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُغْفَرُ لَكِ بِأَوَّلِ قَطْرَةٍ كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ»\n\n١٠٩٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَحَرَ بَعْضَ هَدْيِهِ بِيَدِهِ، وَنَحَرَ بَعْضُهُ غَيْرُهُ»","vol":"7","page":522},{"text":"١٠٩٠٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى المَنْحَرِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَنَحَرَ ثَلَاثًا وَسِتِّينَ بَدَنَةً، وَأَعْطَى عَلِيًّا فَنَحَرَ مَا غَبَرَ وَأَشْرَكَهُ فِي هَدْيِهِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ بَدَنَةٍ بِبِضْعَةٍ فَجُعِلَتْ فِي قِدْرٍ فَطُبِخَتْ، فَأَكَلَا مِنْ لَحْمِهَا وَشَرِبَا مِنْ مَرَقِهَا، ثُمَّ أَفَاضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَصَلَّى بِمَكَّةَ الظُّهْرَ \". أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْوَرَّاقُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ","vol":"7","page":523},{"text":"١٠٩٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَالنَّحْرُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ وَأَيَّامَ مِنًى كُلِّهَا»\n\n١٠٩٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثٍ مُنْقَطِعٍ عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ كُلُّهَا ذَبْحٌ» وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ ⦗٥٢٤⦘،\n\n١٠٩٠٨ - وَالْحَسَنِ،\n\n١٠٩٠٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٠٩١٠ - وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n١٠٩١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿ثُمَّ مَحِلُّهَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٣٣]، فَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ أَنَّ مَحِلَّهَا الْحَرَمُ\n\n١٠٩١٢ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فِجَاجُ مَكَّةَ مَنْحَرٌ»، وَهَذَا فِيمَا","vol":"7","page":523},{"text":"١٠٩١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ عَرَفَةَ مَوْقِفٌ، وَكُلُّ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ مَوْقِفٌ، وَكُلُّ مِنًى مَنْحَرٌ، وَكُلُّ فِجَاجِ مَكَّةَ طَرِيقٌ وَمَنْحَرٌ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّا","vol":"7","page":524},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-746>الْأكَلُّ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ تَطَوُّعًا دُونَ مَا كَانَ أَصْلُهُ وَاجِبًا</span>","vol":"7","page":525},{"text":"١٠٩١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالْبُدْنَ جَعَلْنَاهَا لَكُمْ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ فَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا صَوَافَّ فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ جُنُوبُهَا فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا﴾ [الحج: ٣٦] قَالَ: وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ كُلِّ جَزُورٍ بِبِضْعَةٍ فَطُبِخَتْ ثُمَّ أَكَلَ مِنْ لَحْمِهَا وَحَسَا مِنْ مَرَقِهَا \"\n\n١٠٩١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ مَرَّ هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n١٠٩١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَدْيُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَطَوَّعٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مُفْرِدًا لَا هَدْيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا» احْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى التَّطَوُّعِ مِنْهَا دُونَ الْوَاجِبِ؛ لِأَنَّا وَجَدْنَا مَنْ لَقِينَا مِمَّنْ حَفِظْنَا عَنْهُ يَقُولُونَ: لَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْ فِدْيَةِ الْعِرَاسِ، وَلَا جَزَاءِ الصَّيْدِ، وَلَا النَّذْرِ\n\n١٠٩١٧ - قَالَ: وَالسُّنَّةُ فِي كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ تَدُلُّ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا وَصَفْنَا لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَكْلًا وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"7","page":526},{"text":"١٠٩١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ ⦗٥٢٧⦘، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَقُومَ عَلَى بَدَنَةٍ وَأَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِلَحْمِهَا وَجُلُودِهَا وَأَجِلَّتِهَا، وَأَنْ لَا أُعْطِيَ أَجْرَ الْجَزَّارِ مِنْهَا، وَقَالَ: «نَحْنُ نُعْطِيهِ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا». وَهَذَا مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ\n\n١٠٩١٩ - وَفِي بَعْضِ طُرُقِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنْهُ أَمَرَهُ بِقِسْمَتِهَا فِي الْمَسَاكِينِ،\n\n١٠٩٢٠ - وَإِذَا جَمَعْنَا بَيْنَ هَذَا وَبَيْنَ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ كَانَ هَذَا فِيمَا عَدَا مَا أَكَلَا مِنْهَا، أَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي وَقْتٍ آخَرَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"7","page":526},{"text":"١٠٩٢١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ أَهْدَى نَجِيبًا فَأَعْطَى بِهَا ثُلْثَمِائَةَ دِينَارٍ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَقَالَ: أَفَأَبِيعُهَا وَأَشْتَرِيَ بِثَمَنِهَا بُدْنًا؟ قَالَ: «لَا، انْحَرْهَا إِيَّاهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، عَنْ جَهْمِ بْنِ الْجَارُودِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أُهْدِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ نَجِيبًا، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٠٩٢٢ - وَبِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا أَوْجَبُهُ مِنَ الْهَدَايَا بِكَلَامِهِ","vol":"7","page":527},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-747>الْهَدْيُ الَّذِي أَصْلُهُ تَطَوُّعٌ إِذَا سَاقَهُ فَعَطَبَ وَأَدْرَكَ ذَكَاتَهُ نَحَرَهُ وَصَنَعَ بِهِ</span>","vol":"7","page":528},{"text":"١٠٩٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو التَّيَّاحِ، عَنْ ⦗٥٣٠⦘ مُوسَى بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ بِثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ بَدَنَةٍ مَعَ رَجُلٍ، فَأَمَرَهُ فِيهَا فَانْطَلَقَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَزْحَفَ عَلَيَّ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ: «فَانْحَرْهَا ثُمَّ اصْبُغْ نَعْلَيْهَا فِي دَمِهَا، ثُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا عَلَى صَفْحَتِهَا، وَلَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْهَا أَنْتَ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ رُفْقَتِكَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ","vol":"7","page":529},{"text":"١٠٩٢٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ صَاحِبَ هَدْيِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ بِمَا عَطَبَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «انْحَرْهَا، ثُمَّ أَلْقِ قِلَادَتَهَا فِي دَمِهَا، ثُمَّ خَلِّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ يَأْكُلُونَهَا»","vol":"7","page":530},{"text":"١٠٩٢٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ نَاجِيَةَ، صَاحِبِ بُدْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ بِمَا عَطَبَ مِنَ الْبُدْنِ؟ قَالَ: «انْحَرْهُ ثُمَّ اغْمِسْ قِلَادَتَهُ فِي دَمِهِ، ثُمَّ اضْرِبْ بِهَا صَفْحَتَهُ، ثُمَّ خَلِّ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ»،\n\n١٠٩٢٦ - وَأَمَّا الْهَدْيُ الْوَاجِبُ فَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كُلُّ مَا عَطَبَ مِنْهُ دُونَ الْحَرَمِ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ مَسَاكِينَ الْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْهِ بَدَلُهُ، وَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ وَيَبِيعَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُحْرِمًا فِيمَا وُجِّهَ لَهُ","vol":"7","page":530},{"text":"١٠٩٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ قَالَ: قَالَ نَافِعٌ: كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ: «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَهْدَى بَدَنَةً فَضَلَّتْ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ نَذْرًا أَبْدَلَهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ تَطَوُّعًا فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَبْدَلَهَا وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهَا»\n\n١٠٩٢٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْقُوفًا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَضَلَّتْ أَوْ مَاتَتْ،\n\n١٠٩٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي لَفْظِهِ فَقِيلَ هَكَذَا،\n\n١٠٩٣٠ - وَقِيلَ: «مَنْ أَهْدَى هَدْيًا تَطَوُّعًا، ثُمَّ عَطَبَ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَكَلَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ نَذْرًا فَلْيُبَدِّلْ»\n\n١٠٩٣١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فِي التَّطَوُّعِ: «فَلَا يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ هَدْيًا وَاجِبًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ إِنْ شَاءَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَابُدَّ مِنْ قَضَائِهِ»\n\n١٠٩٣٢ - وَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ وَفِيهِ أَيْضًا إِرْسَالٌ بَيْنَ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، وَأَبِي قَتَادَةَ","vol":"7","page":531},{"text":"١٠٩٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهْدَى مَرَّةً غَنَمًا»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دِيزِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ ⦗٥٣٢⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ","vol":"7","page":531},{"text":"١٠٩٣٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «أَهْدَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّةً غَنَمًا فَقَلَّدَهَا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ","vol":"7","page":532},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-748>إِتْيَانُ الْمَدِينَةِ</span>","vol":"7","page":533},{"text":"١٠٩٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ النُّذُورِ فِي مَسْأَلَةٍ ذَكَرَهَا: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لَوْ نَذَرَ الْمَشْيَ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا تُشَدُّ الرِّحَالُ إِلَّا إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدٍ: مَسْجِدِي هَذَا، وَمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، وَمَسْجِدِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ \"\n\n١٠٩٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَيَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي لَفْظِهِ.\n\n١٠٩٣٧ - فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ هَكَذَا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ: «وَإِنَّمَا تُشْتَدُّ الرِّحَالُ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ» ⦗٥٣٤⦘.\nوَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ: «إِنَّمَا يُسَافَرُ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدٍ»\n\n١٠٩٣٨ - وَقَالَ ﷺ: «صَلَاةٌ فِي مَسْجِدِي هَذَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ صَلَاةٍ فِيمَا سِوَاهُ إِلَّا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ»\n\n١٠٩٣٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيَّ إِلَّا رَدَّ اللَّهُ إِلَيَّ رُوحِي حَتَّى أَرُدَّ ﵇»\n\n١٠٩٤٠ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ ثُمَّ أَتَى الْقَبْرَ فَقَالَ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَتَاهُ»\n\n١٠٩٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «قَدْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَأْتِي قُبَاءَ رَاكِبًا وَمَاشِيًا»","vol":"7","page":533},{"text":"١٠٩٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَأْتِي قُبَاءَ مَاشِيًا وَرَاكِبًا» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"7","page":534},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-749>مَا يَقُولُ فِي الْقُفُولِ</span>\n١٠٩٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي «سِيَرِ حَرْمَلَةَ»: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا قَفَلَ مِنْ حَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ أَوْ غَزْوَةٍ فَأَوْفَى عَلَى فَدْفَدٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ قَالَ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، آيبُونَ تَائِبُونَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، عَابِدُونَ لِرَبِّنَا، حَامِدُونَ، صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ»\n\n١٠٩٤٤ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: «إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ» ⦗٥٣٦⦘\n\n١٠٩٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا نُحِبُّ لِكُلِّ مَنْ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ مَا كَانَ اقْتِدَاءً بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٠٩٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثِ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَ الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ جَمِيعًا وَمَتْنُ حَدِيثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَتَمُّ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَالِحٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"7","page":535},{"text":"١٠٩٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سفيان قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ طَاوُسٍ: مَا كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَقُولُ إِذَا رَكِبَ الدَّابَّةَ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا مِنْ رِزْقِكَ وَمَنْ عَطَائِكَ، فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَا رَبَّنَا عَلَى نِعْمَتِكَ، سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقَّرِنِينَ»","vol":"7","page":536},{"text":"١٠٩٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَطْرُقُ أَهْلَهُ لَيْلًا يَقْدِمُ غُدْوَةً أَوْ عَشِيَّةً». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ","vol":"7","page":536},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-750>١٣ - كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ</span>","vol":"8","page":7},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-751>بَابُ الْبُيُوعِ</span>","vol":"8","page":7},{"text":"١٠٩٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، رَحِمَهُ ⦗٨⦘ اللَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٩]. وَقَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٥]،\n\n١٠٩٥٠ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَا فِي آيَةِ الْإِحْلَالِ مِنَ الِاحْتِمَالِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَأَصْلُ الْبُيُوعِ كُلِّهَا مُبَاحٌ، إِذَا كَانَتْ بِرِضَاءِ الْمُتَبَايِعَيْنِ الْجَائِزَيِ الْأَمْرِ فِيمَا تَبَايَعَا إِلَّا مَا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهَا، وَمَا كَانَ فِي مَعْنَى مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"","vol":"8","page":7},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-752>بَيْعُ خِيَارِ الرُّؤْيَةِ</span>\n١٠٩٥١ - أَبَاحَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ هَذَا الْبَيْعَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي كِتَابِ ⦗١١⦘ الصَّرْفِ، وَالصُّلْحِ، وَغَيْرِهُمَا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: لَا يَجُوزُ بَيْعُ خِيَارِ الرُّؤْيَةِ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْغَرَرِ.","vol":"8","page":9},{"text":"١٠٩٥٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ، وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَصَاةِ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"8","page":11},{"text":"١٠٩٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكٍ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ: «نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنْ بَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي»","vol":"8","page":11},{"text":"١٠٩٥٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ:  «مَنِ اشْتَرَى شَيْئًا لَمْ يَرَهُ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِذَا رَآهُ». فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، رَفَعَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١٠٩٥٥ - وَأَسْنَدَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكُرْدِيُّ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الثِّقَاتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، ﵀، وَفِي جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ عَنْهُ","vol":"8","page":12},{"text":"١٠٩٥٦ - وَالْأَصْلُ فِي هَذَا مَا رُوِيَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ ابْتَاعَ مِنْ طَلْحَةَ أَرْضًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ نَاقَلَهُ بِأَرْضٍ لَهُ بِالْكُوفَةِ، فَلَمَّا تَبَايَنَا نَدِمَ عُثْمَانُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" بَايَعْتُكَ مَا لَمْ أَرَهُ، فَقَالَ طَلْحَةُ: إِنَّمَا النَّظَرُ لِي، إِنَّمَا ابْتَعْتُ مُغَيَّبًا وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتَ مَا ابْتَعْتَ، فَجَعَلَا بَيْنَهُمَا جُبَيْرَ بْنَ مُطْعِمٍ فَقَضَى عَلَى عُثْمَانَ أَنَّ الْبَيْعَ جَائِزٌ وَأَنَّ النَّظَرَ لِطَلْحَةَ؛ أَنَّهُ ابْتَاعَ مُغَيَّبًا \"","vol":"8","page":12},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-753>بَابُ خِيَارِ الْمُتَبَايِعَيْنِ</span>","vol":"8","page":13},{"text":"١٠٩٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْمُتَبَايِعَانِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا إِلَّا بَيْعَ الْخِيَارِ» ⦗١٤⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":13},{"text":"١٠٩٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأُخْبِرْنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَمْلَى عَلَيَّ نَافِعٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا تَبَايَعَ الْمُتَبَايِعَانِ الْبَيْعَ فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ مِنْ بَيْعِهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا أَوْ يَكُونُ بَيْعُهُمَا عَنْ خِيَارٍ». .\n\n١٠٩٥٩ - قَالَ نَافِعٌ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا ابْتَاعَ الْبَيْعَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُوجِبَ الْبَيْعَ مَشَى قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ.\n\n١٠٩٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ⦗١٥⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ. قَالَ: فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا بَايَعَ الرَّجُلَ وَلَمْ يُخَيِّرْهُ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ لَا يُقِيلَهُ قَامَ هُنَيْهَةً ثُمَّ رَجَعَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"8","page":14},{"text":"١٠٩٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا تَبَايَعَ الرَّجُلَانِ فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ، مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا وَكَانَا جَمِيعًا أَوْ يُخَيِّرُ أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ، فَإِذَا خَيَّرَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ وَتَبَايَعَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ، وَإِنْ تَفَرَّقَا بَعْدَ أَنْ تَبَايَعَا وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا الْبَيْعَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ». . رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رُمْحٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ،\n\n١٠٩٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ح","vol":"8","page":15},{"text":"١٠٩٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارِ ⦗١٦⦘: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «الْبَيِّعَانِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، أَوْ يَكُونُ بَيْعُهُمَا عَنْ خِيَارٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْبَيْعُ عَنْ خِيَارٍ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ». .\n\n١٠٩٦٤ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَقَالَا: فِي لَفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ: «كُلُّ بَيِّعَيْنِ لَا بَيْعَ بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَا إِلَّا بَيْعَ الْخِيَارِ»","vol":"8","page":15},{"text":"١٠٩٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، فَإِنْ صَدَقَا وَبَيَّنَا وَجَبَتِ الْبَرَكَةُ فِي بَيْعِهِمَا، وَإِنْ كَذِبَا وَكَتَمَا مُحِقَتِ الْبَرَكَةُ مِنْ بَيْعِهِمَا»","vol":"8","page":16},{"text":"١٠٩٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ إِمْلَاءً، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، وَحَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْمُتَبَايِعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ»، وَقَالَ: «بُورِكَ لَهُمَا فِي بَيْعِهِمَا» وَالْبَاقِي سَوَاءٌ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَهَمَّامٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ","vol":"8","page":17},{"text":"١٠٩٦٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ شُعَيْبًا، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ ابْتَاعَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْعَةً فَإِنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَا مِنْ مَكَانِهِمَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ صَفْقَةَ خِيَارٍ»","vol":"8","page":17},{"text":"١٠٩٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَضِيءِ قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي غَزَاةٍ، فَبَاعَ صَاحِبٌ لَنَا فَرَسًا مِنْ رَجُلٍ، فَلَمَّا أَرَدْنَا الرَّحِيلَ خَاصَمَهُ فِيهِ إِلَى أَبِي بَرْزَةَ ⦗١٨⦘، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَرْزَةَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا».\n\n١٠٩٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ مَا يُبَيِّنُ هَذَا أَيْضًا، لَمْ يَحْضُرِ الَّذِي حَدَّثَنِي حِفْظُهُ، وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، أَنَّهُمَا بَاتَا لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ غَدَوَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: لَا أُرَاكُمَا تَفَرَّقْتُمَا، وَجَعَلَ لَهُ الْخِيَارَ إِذَا بَاتَا مَكَانًا وَاحِدًا بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ.\n\n١٠٩٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمَعْنَى هَذَا قَدْ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسَدَّدُ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَ جَمِيلٌ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا أُرَاكُمَا افْتَرَقْتُمَا","vol":"8","page":17},{"text":"١٠٩٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" إِذَا وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ خَيَّرَهُ بَعْدَ وُجُوبِهِ، يَقُولُ: اخْتَرْ، إِنْ شِئْتَ فَخُذْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَدَعْ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: فَخَيَّرَهُ بَعْدَ وُجُوبِ الْبَيْعِ، فَأَخَذَ، ثُمَّ نَدِمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِمَا ذَلِكَ، أَتُقِيلُهُ مِنْهُ لَا بُدَّ؟ قَالَ: لَا، أَحْسِبُهُ إِذَا خَيَرَّهُ بَعْدَ وُجُوبِ الْبَيْعِ \"","vol":"8","page":18},{"text":"١٠٩٧٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «شَاهَدَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ أَنَّكُمَا تَفَرَّقْتُمَا بَعْدَ رِضًا بِبَيْعٍ، أَوْ خَيَّرَ أَحَدُكُمَا صَاحِبَهُ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ».\n\n١٠٩٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْأَكْثَرِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ، وَالْأَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْآثَارِ بِالْبُلْدَانِ ⦗١٩⦘\n\n١٠٩٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَجَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ،\n\n١٠٩٧٥ - وَمَنْ تَرَكَ الْحَدِيثَ فَلَمْ يَقُلْ بِهِ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى مَا يُوَافِقُ مَذْهَبَهُ فَقَالَ: الْمُتَبَايِعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا فِي الْكَلَامِ،\n\n١٠٩٧٦ - وَقَدْ أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ: بِأَنَّهُ مُحَالٌ لَا يَجُوزُ فِي اللِّسَانِ، إِنَّمَا يَكُونَانِ قَبْلَ التَّسَاوُمِ غَيْرَ مُتَسَاوِمَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَكُونَانِ مُتَسَاوِمَيْنِ قَبْلَ التَّبَايُعِ، ثُمَّ يَكُونَانِ بَعْدَ التَّسَاوُمِ مُتَبَايِعَيْنِ، وَلَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِمَا اسْمُ مُتَبَايِعَيْنِ حَتَّى تَبَايَعَا وَتَفَرَّقَا فِي الْكَلَامِ عَلَى التَّبَايُعِ.\n\n١٠٩٧٧ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَيْهِ وَالِاسْتِشْهَادِ بِحَدِيثِ الصَّرْفِ وَالِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ الرَّاوِي عَلَى مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «هَاءَ وَهَاءَ» أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ لَا يَتَفَرَّقَا حَتَّى يَتَقَابَضَا،\n\n١٠٩٧٨ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوِ احْتَمَلَ اللِّسَانُ مَا قُلْتَ وَمَا قَالَ مَنْ خَالَفَكَ أَمَا يَكُونُ مَنْ قَالَ بِقَوْلِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي سَمِعَ الْحَدِيثَ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُصَارَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ الَّذِي سَمِعَ الْحَدِيثِ، فَلَهُ فَضْلُ السَّمَاعِ وَالْعِلْمِ بِمَا سَمِعَ وَبِاللِّسَانِ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قُلْتُ: فَلِمَ لَمْ تُعْطِ هَذَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا»؟ قَالَ: كَانَ إِذَا اشْتَرَى شَيْئًا يُعْجِبُهُ أَنْ يَجِبَ لَهُ فَارَقَ صَاحِبَهُ فَمَشَى قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ. أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكُ سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١٠٩٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلِمَ لَمْ تُعْطِ هَذَا أَبَا بَرْزَةَ، وَهُوَ سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ» وَقَضَى بِهِ، وَقَدْ تَصَادَقَا بِأَنَّهُمَا تَبَايَعَا ⦗٢٠⦘ ثُمَّ كَانَا مَعًا لَمْ يُفَرِّقَا فِي لَيْلَتِهِمَا، ثُمَّ غَدَوَا إِلَيْهِ، فَقَضَى أَنَّ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الْخِيَارَ فِي رَدِّ بَيْعِهِ؟.\n\n١٠٩٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَدَّعِي الْعِلْمَ بِالْآثَارِ وَيُرِيدُ تَسْوِيَتَهُمَا عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ قَدْ قَالَ: مَا أَدْرَكَتْهُ الصَّفْقَةُ حَيًّا فَهُوَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُبْتَاعِ، فَدَلَّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى تَمَامَ الْبَيْعِ بِالْقَوْلِ قَبْلَ الْفُرْقَةِ،\n\n١٠٩٨١ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، لَا يُنَافِي مَذْهَبَهُ فِي ثُبُوتِ الْخِيَارِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمِلْكَ يَنْتَقِلُ بِالصَّفْقَةِ مَعَ ثُبُوتِ الْخِيَارِ،\n\n١٠٩٨٢ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِذَا تَفَرَّقَا وَلَمْ يُخَيَّرْ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا انْفَسَخَ، فَقَدْ عَلِمْنَا انْتِقَالَ الْمِلْكِ بِالصَّفْقَةِ، ثُمَّ كَانَ هُوَ يَرَى الْمَبِيعَ فِي يَدِ الْبَائِعِ مِنْ ضَمَانِ الْمُشْتَرِي، وَغَيْرُهُ يَرَاهُ مِنْ ضَمَانِ الْبَائِعِ مَعَ ثُبُوتِ الْخِيَارِ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَا أَوْ يُخَيِّرَا فِي قَوْلِهِ،\n\n١٠٩٨٣ - وَقَوْلُنَا: وَلَوْ قَبَضَهُ الْمُبْتَاعُ فِي مُدَّةِ الْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ مِنْ ضَمَانِهِ فِي قَوْلِنَا أَيْضًا لَمْ يَمْنَعْ ثُبُوتَ الْخِيَارِ، كَذَلِكَ إِذَا لَمْ يَقْبَضْهُ عِنْدَهُ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَمْنَعْ قَوْلَنَا: إِنَّهُ مِنْ ضَمَانِ الْبَائِعِ لُزُومَ الْبَيْعِ، لَمْ نَمْنَعْ قَوْلَهُ: إِنَّهُ مِنْ ضَمَانِ الْمُبْتَاعِ ثُبُوتَ الْخِيَارِ،\n\n١٠٩٨٤ - وَزَعَمَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا قَدْ تَفَرَّقَا بِأَبْدَانِهِمَا لِأَنَّ فِيهِ: أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَامَ يُسْرِجُ فَرَسَهُ، وَقَوْلُ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ حِينَ وَجَدَهُمَا مُتَنَاكِرَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا يَدَّعِي الْبَيْعَ وَالْآخَرُ يُنْكِرُهُ: مَا أُرَاكُمَا تَفَرَّقْتُمَا، أَيِ الْفُرْقَةُ الَّتِي يَتِمُّ بِهَا الْبَيْعُ، وَهِيَ الْفُرْقَةُ بِالْكَلَامِ، فَسَوَّى الْحَدِيثَ هَكَذَا عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا بَاتَا مَعًا عِنْدَ الْفَرَسِ، وَحِينَ قَامَ الْبَائِعُ إِلَى فَرَسِهِ يُسْرِجُهُ لَمْ يَفْتَرِقْ بِهِمَا الْمَجْلِسُ،\n\n١٠٩٨٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُسَدَّدٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، فَأَتَى الرَّجُلُ يَعْنِي الْمُبْتَاعَ وَأَخَذَهُ بِالْبَيْعِ،\n\n١٠٩٨٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ جَمِيلٍ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ بِعْتَنِيهَا؟ قَالَ: مَالِي فِي هَذَا الْبَيْعِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ قَالَ مَا لَكَ ذَلِكَ، لَقَدْ بِعْتَنِي، فَإِنَّمَا تَنَازَعَا فِي لُزُومِ الْبَيْعِ،\n\n١٠٩٨٧ - وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الرِّوَايَاتِ أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ أَنْكَرَ الْبَيْعَ، لَا فِي الْحَالِ وَلَا حِينَ أَتَيَا أَبَا بَرْزَةَ، فَالزِّيَادَةُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ لِيَسْتَقِيمَ التَّأْوِيلُ غَيْرُ مَحْمُودَةٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"8","page":18},{"text":"١٠٩٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حِكَايَةً عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: فَإِنَّا، قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْبَيْعُ عَنْ صَفْقَةٍ أَوْ خِيَارٍ».\n\n١٠٩٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا جَاءَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا وَصَفْتُ، أَفَتَرَى فِي أَحَدٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةً؟ قَالَ عَامَّةُ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ: لَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَقَدْ رُوِّيتُمْ عَنْ عُمَرَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِنَا","vol":"8","page":21},{"text":"١٠٩٩٠ - زَعَمَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «الْبَيْعُ عَنْ صَفْقَةٍ، أَوْ خِيَارٍ» كَذَا فِي كِتَابِنَا،\n\n١٠٩٩١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: الْبَيِّعَانِ، أَوْ قَالَ: الْمُتَبَايِعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، وَهَذَا هُوَ الَّذِي يَلِيقُ بِكَلَامِهِ.\n\n١٠٩٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا: وَهَذَا مِثْلُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَحَدِيثُكَ الَّذِي رَوَيْتَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، غَلَطٌ وَمَجْهُولٌ وَمُنْقَطِعٌ فَهُوَ جَامِعٌ لِجَمِيعِ مَا تُرَدُّ بِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ قَالَ: لَإِنْ أَنْصَفْنَاكَ مَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ، فَقُلْتُ: احْتِجَاجُكَ بِهِ مَعَ مَعْرِفَتِكَ بِمَنْ حَدَّثَهُ وَعَنْ مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ تَرَكَ النَّصَفَةَ،\n\n١٠٩٩٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَمَا مَعْنَاهُ عِنْدَكَ؟ قُلْتُ: الْبَيْعُ صَفْقَةٌ بَعْدَهَا تَفَرُّقٌ أَوْ خِيَارٌ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ حَالَ تَعَلُّقُ وُجُوبِ الْبَيْعِ بِالْخِيَارِ بِلَا صَفْقَةٍ، وَظَاهِرُهُ يَقْتَضِي وُجُوبَهُ بِأَحَدِ أَمْرَيْنِ.\n\n١٠٩٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُهُمْ يُرْوَى أَيْضًا عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، تَارَةً عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَتَارَةً، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ: «الْبَيْعُ صَفْقَةٌ أَوْ خِيَارٌ». وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ، وَقِيلَ عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَمَجْهُولٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"8","page":21},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-754>تَفْسِيرُ بَيْعِ الْخِيَارِ</span>","vol":"8","page":22},{"text":"١٠٩٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَاحْتَمَلَ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا بَيْعَ الْخِيَارِ مَعْنَيَيْنِ: أَظْهَرُهُمَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِاللِّسَانِ وَأَوْلَاهُمَا بِمَعْنَى السُّنَّةِ وَالِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِهَا وَالْقِيَاسِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِذْ جَعَلَ الْخِيَارَ لِلْمُتَبَايعَيْنِ، وَالْمُتَبَايِعَانِ اللَّذَانِ عَقَدَا الْبَيْعَ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَا إِلَّا بَيْعَ الْخِيَارِ، فَإِنَّ الْخِيَارَ إِذَا كَانَ لَا يَنْقَطِعُ بَعْدَ عَقْدِ الْبَيْعِ فِي السُّنَّةِ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَا، وَتَفَرُّقُهُمَا هُوَ أَنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا عَنْ مَقَامِهِمَا الَّذِي تَبَايَعَا فِيهِ كَانَ بِالتَّفَرُّقِ أَوْ بِالتَّخْيِيرِ، وَكَانَ مَوْجُودًا فِي اللِّسَانِ،\n\n١٠٩٩٦ - وَالْقِيَاسُ إِذَا كَانَ الْبَيْعُ يَجِبُ بِشَيْءٍ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ وَهُوَ الْفِرَاقُ أَنْ يَجِبَ بِالثَّانِي بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ، فَيَكُونُ إِذَا خَيَّرَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ كَانَ الْخِيَارُ، وَالِاخْتِيَارُ تَجْدِيدُ شَيْءٍ يُوجِبُهُ، كَمَا كَانَ التَّفَرُّقُ تَجْدِيدَ شَيْءٍ يُوجِبُهُ، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ بَيِّنَةٌ بِمِثْلِ مَا ذَهَبْتَ إِلَيْهِ كَانَ مَا وَصَفْنَا أَوْلَى الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ لِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ الْقِيَاسِ","vol":"8","page":22},{"text":"١٠٩٩٧ - مَعَ أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" خَيَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: رَجُلًا بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: عَمَّرَكَ اللَّهُ، مِمَّنْ أَنْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «امْرُؤٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ» قَالَ: فَكَانَ أَبِي يَحْلِفُ: مَا الْخِيَارُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ \" ⦗٢٣⦘.\n\n١٠٩٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ.\n\n١٠٩٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":22},{"text":"١١٠٠٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مَوْصُولًا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: اشْتَرَى مِنْ أَعْرَابِيٍّ حِمْلَ خَبَطٍ، فَلَمَّا وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اخْتَرْ»","vol":"8","page":23},{"text":"١١٠٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، أَوْ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ: اخْتَرْ \".\n\n١١٠٠٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ: حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَا أَوْ يَكُونَ بَيْعُ خِيَارٍ قَالَ: وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ، أَوْ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ: اخْتَرْ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: يَجِبُ الْبَيْعُ بِالتَّفَرُّقِ بَعْدَ الصَّفْقَةِ، وَيَجِبُ بِأَنْ يَعْقِدَ الصَّفْقَةَ عَلَى خِيَارٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لَكَ بِسِلْعَتِكَ كَذَا بَيْعًا خِيَارًا، فَتَقُولَ: قَدِ اخْتَرْتُ الْبَيْعَ.\n\n١١٠٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَسْنَا نَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا، وَقَوْلُنَا الْأَوَّلُ أَنْ لَا يَجِبَ الْبَيْعُ إِلَّا بِتَفَرُّقِهِمَا أَوْ يُخَيِّرَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ فَيَخْتَارَ»","vol":"8","page":23},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-755>خِيَارُ الشَّرْطِ</span>","vol":"8","page":24},{"text":"١١٠٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ حَبَّانَ بْنَ مُنْقِذٍ كَانَ سُفِعَ فِي رَأْسِهِ مَأْمُومَةً، فَثَقُلَ لِسَانُهُ، فَكَانَ يُخْدَعُ فِي الْبَيْعِ، فَجَعَلَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا ابْتَاعَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلَاثًا»، وَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" قُلْ: لَا خِلَابَةَ \" قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: لَا خِذَابَةَ، لَا خِذَابَةَ ⦗٢٥⦘. .\n\n١١٠٠٥ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَصْلُ الْبَيْعِ عَلَى الْخِيَارِ، لَوْلَا الْخِيَارُ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ فَاسِدًا، فَلَمَّا شَرَطَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فِي الْمُصَرَّاةِ خِيَارَ ثَلَاثٍ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ، وَرُوِي عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ لِحِبَّانَ بْنِ مُنْقِذٍ، خِيَارَ ثَلَاثٍ فِيمَا ابْتَاعَ، انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنَ الْخِيَارِ وَلَمْ يُجَاوِزْهُ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ","vol":"8","page":24},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-756>الْمَقْبُوضُ عَلَى بَيْعِ شَرْطٍ فِيهِ الْخِيَارُ وَعَلَى طَرِيقِ السَّوْمِ</span>\n١١٠٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ رَوَى الْمَشْرِقِيُّونَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ سَامَ بِفَرَسٍ وَأَخَذَهَا بِأَمْرِ صَاحِبِهَا، فَسَارَ بِهَا لَيَنْظُرَ إِلَى مِشْيَتِهَا فَكُسِرَتْ، فَحَاكَمَ عُمَرُ صَاحِبَهَا إِلَى رَجُلٍ، فَحَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهَا ضَامِنَةٌ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَرُدَّهَا كَمَا أَخَذَهَا سَالِمَةً، فَأَعْجَبَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ وَأَيَّدَ قَضَاءَهُ وَوَافَقَهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَاسْتَقْضَاهُ.\n\n١١٠٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا عَلَى مُسَاوَمَةٍ، وَلَا يُسَمِّيهِ مِنْ أَسْبَابِ الْبَيْعِ، فَرَأَى عُمَرُ وَالْقَاضِي عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ فَمَا سَمَّى لَهُ بِمَنْ وَجَعَلَ فِيهِ الْخِيَارَ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مَضْمُونًا مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"8","page":26},{"text":"١١٠٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا رُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سَيَّارِ أَبِي الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: أَخَذَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَرَسًا مِنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَى سَوْمٍ، فَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلًا فَعَطَبَ عِنْدَهُ، فَخَاصَمَهُ الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ: «اجْعَلْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ رَجُلًا»، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: فَإِنِّي أَرْضَى بِشُرَيْحٍ الْعِرَاقِيِّ، فَأَتَوْا شُرَيْحًا، فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ لِعُمَرَ: أَخَذْتَهُ صَحِيحًا سَلِيمًا، وَأَنْتَ لَهُ ضَامِنٌ حَتَّى تَرُدَّهُ صَحِيحًا سَالِمًا، فَأَعْجَبَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَعَيَّنَهُ قَاضِيًا. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":27},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-757>بَابُ الرِّبَا</span>\n١١٠٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينُ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ. فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ، لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ﴾ ⦗٢٩⦘\n\n١١٠١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَضَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الرِّبَا لَمَّا أُنْزِلَتْ آيَةُ الرِّبَا وَرَدَّ النَّاسَ إِلَى رُءُوسِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ","vol":"8","page":28},{"text":"١١٠١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي خُطْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِعَرَفَاتٍ قَالَ: «وَرِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَأَوَّلُ رِبًا أَضَعُهُ رِبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَإِنَّهُ مَوْضُوعٌ كُلُّهُ».\n\n١١٠١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ مِنْ رِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الدَّيْنُ فَيَحِلُّ الدَّيْنُ، فَيَقُولُ لَهُ صَاحِبُ الدَّيْنِ: تَقْضِي أَوْ تُرْبِي، فَإِنْ أَخَّرَهُ زَادَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَخَّرَهُ","vol":"8","page":29},{"text":"١١٠١٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كَانَ رِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْحَقُّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَإِذَا حَلَّ الْحَقُّ قَالَ لَهُ غَرِيمُهُ: أَتَقْضِي أَوْ تُرْبِي، فَإِنْ قَضَاهُ أَخَذَ وَإِلَّا زَادَهُ فِي حَقِّهِ، وَأَخَّرَ عَنْهُ فِي الْأَجَلِ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَهُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٠١٤ - وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ\n\n١١٠١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمَّا رَدَّ النَّاسَ إِلَى رُءُوسِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَسْخًا لِلْبَيْعِ الَّذِي وَقَعَ عَلَى الرِّبَا","vol":"8","page":29},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-758>الرِّبَا فِي النَّقْدِ، وَالنَّسِيئَةُ فِي الْأَصْنَافِ الَّتِي وَرَدَ الْخَبَرُ بِجَرَيَانِ الرِّبَا فِيهَا</span>","vol":"8","page":30},{"text":"١١٠١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ⦗٣١⦘، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ: أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ الْتَمَسَ، صَرْفًا بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ ⦗٣٢⦘ قَالَ: فَدَعَانِي طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فَتَرَاوَضْنَا حَتَّى اصْطَرَفَ مِنِّي وَأَخَذَ الذَّهَبَ يُقَلِّبُهَا فِي يَدِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ جَارِيَتِي مِنَ الْغَابَةِ، أَوْ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ خَازِنِي مِنَ الْغَابَةِ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَسْمَعُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا تُفَارِقُهُ حَتَّى تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الذَّهَبُ بِالْوَرِقِ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ، وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ، وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ، وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ». .\n\n١١٠١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ صَحِيحًا لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ طَالَ عَلَيَّ الزَّمَانُ وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْهُ حِفْظًا، فَشَكَكْتُ فِي: جَارِيَتِي، أَوْ خَازِنِي، وَغَيْرِي يَقُولُ: خَازِنِي. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ: حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ خَازِنِي، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗٣٣⦘.\n\n١١٠١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ: حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ خَازِنِي مِنَ الْغَابَةِ، فَحَفِظْتُهُ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"8","page":30},{"text":"١١٠١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضُهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا تَبِيعُوا مِنْهَا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ». . أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ.\n\n١١٠٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ عُبَادَةُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُمَا وَأَوْضَحَ","vol":"8","page":33},{"text":"١١٠٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَرَجُلٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَلَا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ، وَلَا الْبُرَّ بِالْبُرِّ، وَلَا الشَّعِيرَ بِالشَّعِيرِ، وَلَا التَّمْرَ بِالتَّمْرِ، وَلَا الْمِلْحَ بِالْمِلْحِ، إِلَّا سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ، عَيْنًا بِعَيْنٍ، يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَلَكِنْ بِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالْوَرِقِ، وَالْوَرِقَ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَالْبُرَّ بِالشَّعِيرِ، وَالشَّعِيرَ بِالْبُرِّ ⦗٣٤⦘، وَالتَّمْرَ بِالْمِلْحِ، وَالْمِلْحَ بِالتَّمْرِ، يَدًا بِيَدٍ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ». وَنَقَصَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْمِلْحَ أَوِ التَّمْرَ، وَزَادَ أَحَدُهُمَا: مَنْ زَادَ أَوِ ازْدَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى \".\n\n١١٠٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ يُقَالُ: هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَهُ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْهُمَا، وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عُبَادَةَ نَفْسِهِ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ، كَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ","vol":"8","page":33},{"text":"١١٠٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ: أَنَّهُ شَاهَدَ خُطْبَةَ عُبَادَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ، وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ، وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ كَيْلًا بِكَيْلٍ، وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ كَيْلًا بِكَيْلٍ، وَلَا بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِ الشَّعِيرِ بِالْبُرِّ وَالشَّعِيرُ أَكْثَرُهَا، وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ، فَمَنْ زَادَ أَوِ اسْتَزَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى».\n\n١١٠٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ بِالشَّامِ فِي حَلْقَةٍ فِيهَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، فَجَاءَ أَبُو الْأَشْعَثَ، فَحَدَّثَ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ، وَالْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ، وَبَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ يَزِيدُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ","vol":"8","page":34},{"text":"١١٠٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي غَزَاةٍ عَلَيْنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ، فَأَصَبْنَا ذَهَبًا وَفِضَّةَ، فَأَمَرَ مُعَاوِيَةُ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا النَّاسَ فِي أُعْطِيَاتِهِمْ، فَسَارَعَ النَّاسُ فِيهَا، فَقَامَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ، فَنَهَاهُمْ فَرَدُّوهَا، فَأَتَى الرَّجُلُ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ، فَقَامَ مُعَاوِيَةُ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ: مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يُحَدِّثُونَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَادِيثَ يَكْذِبُونَ فِيهَا عَلَيْهِ وَلَمْ نَسْمَعْهَا مِنْهُ، فَقَامَ عُبَادَةُ فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَنُحَدِّثَنَّ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَإِنْ كَرِهَ مُعَاوِيَةُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَلَا الْفِضَّةَ بِالْفِضَّةِ، وَلَا الْبُرَّ بِالْبُرِّ، وَلَا الشَّعِيرَ بِالشَّعِيرِ، وَلَا التَّمْرَ بِالتَّمْرِ، وَلَا الْمِلْحَ بِالْمِلْحِ، إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ، يَدًا بِيَدٍ، عَيْنًا بِعَيْنٍ». . رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ","vol":"8","page":35},{"text":"١١٠٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ أُنَاسٌ فِي إِمَارَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ يَبِيعُونَ آنِيَةَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ. فَقَامَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، \" نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَالْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ، وَالْبُرِّ بِالْبُرِّ، وَالتَّمْرِ بِالتَّمْرِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ بِالشَّعِيرِ، وَالْمِلْحِ بِالْمِلْحِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ، مَنْ زَادَ أَوِ ازْدَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى","vol":"8","page":35},{"text":"١١٠٢٧ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ ⦗٣٦⦘، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ، وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ، وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ، وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ، وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ، مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ، يَدًا بِيَدٍ، فَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافُ فَبِيعُوا كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ إِذَا كَانَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ».\n\n١١٠٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.\n\n١١٠٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، مُفَسَّرًا فِي الْأَصْنَافِ إِذَا اخْتَلَفَتْ","vol":"8","page":35},{"text":"١١٠٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ خَالِهِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَانَ يَرْزُقُهُمْ طَعَامًا فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَيَسْتَطِيبُونَ، فَيَأْخُذُونَ صَاعًا بِصَاعَيْنِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي مَا تَصْنَعُونَ». فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّكَ تَرْزُقُنَا طَعَامًا فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، فَنَسْتَطِيبُ فَنَأْخُذُ صَاعًا بِصَاعَيْنِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «دِينَارٌ بِدِينَارٍ، وَدِرْهَمٌ بِدِرْهَمٍ، وَصَاعُ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعِ تَمْرٍ، وَصَاعُ شَعِيرٍ بِصَاعِ شَعِيرٍ، لَا فَضْلَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"8","page":36},{"text":"١١٠٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ، وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، لَا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا» ⦗٣٧⦘.\n\n١١٠٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرُهُ","vol":"8","page":36},{"text":"١١٠٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ جَدِّهِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَبِيعُوا الدِّينَارَ بِالدِّينَارَيْنِ، وَلَا الدِّرْهَمَ بِالدِّرْهَمَيْنِ».\n\n١١٠٣٤ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ مُرْسَلًا، وَيُقَالُ إِنَّهُ فِيمَا أَخَذَهُ عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ. فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَبِي عَامِرٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١١٠٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْمِصْرِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ خَلَفِ بْنِ قُدَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ","vol":"8","page":37},{"text":"١١٠٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ، وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، لَا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا، هَذَا عَهْدُ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ، وَعَهْدُنَا إِلَيْكُمْ»","vol":"8","page":37},{"text":"١١٠٣٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَجَاءَهُ صَائِغٌ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، إِنِّي أَصُوغُ الذَّهَبَ، ثُمَّ أَبِيعُ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِهِ، فَأَسْتَفْضِلُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَدْرَ عَمَلِ يَدِي، فَنَهَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَجَعَلَ الصَّائِغُ يُرَدِّدُ عَلَيْهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يَنْهَاهُ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ، أَوْ إِلَى دَابَّتِهِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ، وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، لَا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا، هَذَا عَهْدُ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ إِلَيْنَا، وَعَهْدُنَا إِلَيْكُمْ»","vol":"8","page":38},{"text":"١١٠٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا خَطَأٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ وَرْدَانَ الرُّومِيِّ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي رَجُلٌ أَصُوغُ الْحُلِيَّ ثُمَّ أَبِيعُهُ، وَأَسْتَفْضِلُ فِيهِ قَدْرَ أَجْرِي أَوْ عَمَلِ يَدِي، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ، لَا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا، هَذَا عَهْدُ صَاحِبِنَا إِلَيْنَا، وَعَهْدُنَا إِلَيْكُمْ».\n\n١١٠٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي بِصَاحِبِنَا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ.\n\n١١٠٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هُوَ كَمَا قَالَ: فَالْأَخْبَارُ دَالَّةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ قَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: هَذَا عَهْدُ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ إِلَيْنَا، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ بَعْدَ مَا أَثْبَتَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"8","page":38},{"text":"١١٠٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، بَاعَ سِقَايَةً مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرِقٍ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ: \" سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: نَهَى عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا \". فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ ⦗٣٩⦘: مَا أَرَى بِهَذَا بَأْسًا، فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ: مَنْ يَعْذِرُنِي مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، أُخْبِرُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَيُخْبِرُنِي عَنْ رَأْيِهِ، لَا أُسَاكِنُكَ بِأَرْضٍ \".\n\n١١٠٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ. وَزَادَ فَقَالَ: نَهَى عَنْ مِثْلِ، هَذَا إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَقَالَ: لَا أُسَاكِنُكَ بِأَرْضٍ أَنْتَ بِهَا. ثُمَّ قَدِمَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ عَلَى عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ: أَنْ لَا يَبِيعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ.\n\n١١٠٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرَوَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"8","page":38},{"text":"١١٠٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ: أَبُو بَكْرَةَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ، وَالْفِضَّةَ بِالْفِضَّةِ إِلَّا سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ، وَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالْفِضَّةَ، وَالْفِضَّةَ بِالذَّهَبِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى","vol":"8","page":39},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-759>مَنْ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا الرِّبَا فِي النَّسِيئَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":40},{"text":"١١٠٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عبد الله وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الرِّبَا فِي النَّسِيئَةِ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ\n\n١١٠٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا مَا يُوَافِقُهُ","vol":"8","page":40},{"text":"١١٠٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ: سَأَلْنَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنِ الصَّرْفِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا كَانَ مِنْهُ يَدًا بِيَدٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُ نَسِيئَةً فَلَا».\n\n١١٠٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ، أَنَّهُمَا سَمِعَا أَبَا الْمِنْهَالِ، يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ عَازِبٍ، وَزَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ عَنِ الصَّرْفِ، فَقَالَا: كُنَّا تَاجِرَيْنِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَأَلْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الصَّرْفِ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٠٤٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَهُوَ مُخْتَصَرٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ قَالَ: بَاعَ شَرِيكٌ لِي دَرَاهِمَ فِي السُّوقِ نَسِيئَةً، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: نَسِيئَةً إِلَى الْمَوْسِمِ أَوِ الْحَجِّ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١١٠٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: بَاعَ دَرَاهِمَ نِفَايَةً بِدَرَاهِمَ جِيَادٍ نَسِيئَةً. وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَالَ: دَرَاهِمَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَضْلٌ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: نَسِيئَةً.\n\n١١٠٥١ - وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ، فَرَوَاهُ فِي بَيْعِ الْوَرِقِ بِالذَّهَبِ دَيْنًا","vol":"8","page":41},{"text":"١١٠٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، وَبِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَعَفَّانُ ⦗٤٢⦘ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ، وَزَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ عَنِ الصَّرْفِ، فَسَأَلْتُ الْبَرَاءَ، فَقَالَ: ائْتِ زَيْدًا فَإِنَّهُ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي وَأَعْلَمُ، فَسَأَلْتُ زَيْدًا، فَقَالَ: ائْتِ الْبَرَاءَ فَإِنَّهُ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي وَأَعْلَمَ، فَكِلَاهُمَا قَالَا:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الْوَرِقَ بِالذَّهَبِ دَيْنًا». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، وَأَبِي عُمَرَ الْحَوْضِيِّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، ذَكَرَ سَمَاعَ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ،\n\n١١٠٥٣ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَنْقُولَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ إِنَّمَا وَرَدَ فِي الْجِنْسَيْنِ إِذَا بِيعَ أَحَدُهُمَا بِالْآخَرِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١١٠٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ ابْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ لَا يَرَى فِي دِينَارٍ بِدِينَارَيْنِ، وَلَا فِي دِرْهَمٍ بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ، يَدًا بِيَدٍ، بَأْسًا، وَيَرَاهُ فِي النَّسِيئَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِنَا، وَكَانَ يُرْوَى مِثْلُ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ رَأَيًا مِنْهُمَا لَا يُحْفَظُ عَنْهُمَا، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١١٠٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَخَذْنَا بِهَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي تُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَ عُبَادَةَ، وَكَانَتْ حُجَّتُنَا فِي أَخْذِنَا بِهَا، وَتَرَكْنَا حَدِيثَ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ إِذْ كَانَ ظَاهِرُهُ يُخَالِفُهَا، وَقَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ: إِنَّ النَّفْسَ عَلَى حَدِيثِ الْأَكْثَرِ أَطْيَبُ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَحْفَظُوا مِنَ الْأَقَلِّ، وَكَانَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ وَعُبَادَةُ أَسَنَّ وَأَشَدَّ وَأَقْدَمَ صُحْبَةً مِنْ أُسَامَةَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَكْثَرَ حِفْظًا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فِيمَا عَلِمْنَا مِنْ أُسَامَةَ،\n\n١١٠٥٦ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَهَلْ يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثُ أُسَامَةَ حَدِيثَهُمْ؟ قِيلَ: إِنْ كَانَ يُخَالِفُهَا فَالْحُجَّةُ فِيهَا دُونَهُ لِمَا وَصَفْنَا،\n\n١١٠٥٧ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَأَنَّى تَرَى هَذَا أَتَى؟ قِيلَ لَهُ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، سُئِلَ عَنِ الرِّبَا فِي صِنْفَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ: ذَهَبٍ بِفِضَّةَ، وَتَمْرٍ بِحِنْطَةَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا الرِّبَا فِي النَّسِيئَةِ، فَحَفِظَهُ فَأَدَّى قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ مَسْأَلَةَ السَّائِلِ، فَكَانَ مَا أَدَّى مِنْهُ عِنْدَ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ: لَا رِبًا إِلَّا فِي النَّسِيئَةِ ⦗٤٣⦘\n\n١١٠٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَكِبَارُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُونَ بِأَنَّ فِي النَّقْدِ رِبًا: عُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ وَغَيْرُهُمْ","vol":"8","page":41},{"text":"١١٠٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ:\n\n١١٠٦٠ - «أَمَا لَا بَأْسَ بِالدِّرْهَمِ بِالدِّرْهَمَيْنِ». فَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ نَقُولُ بِهَذَا","vol":"8","page":43},{"text":"١١٠٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِيَاسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَسَأَلَ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ: فَقَالُوا: «لَا تَصْلُحُ الْفِضَّةُ إِلَّا وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ»، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ:  «لَا تَحِلُّ الْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ إِلَّا وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ».\n\n١١٠٦٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَدْ كُنْتُ أُفْتِي بِذَلِكَ حَتَّى حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْهُ، فَأَنَا أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ","vol":"8","page":43},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-760>الرِّبَا فِيمَا مَعْنَى الْأَجْنَاسِ الَّتِي وَرَدَ الْخَبَرُ بِجَرَيَانِ الرِّبَا فِيهَا دُونَ غَيْرِهِ</span>\n١١٠٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: اخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِيمَا شَبَّهُوا بِهَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ","vol":"8","page":44},{"text":"١١٠٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ، يَقُولُ: «لَا رِبًا إِلَّا فِي ذَهَبٍ، أَوْ وَرِقٍ، أَوْ مَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ، مِمَّا يُؤْكَلُ أَوْ يُشْرَبُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ ⦗٤٥⦘.\n\n١١٠٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١١٠٦٦ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذِكْرِ حُجَّةِ مَنْ قَالَ قَوْلَ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي هَذَا مِنْ أَصَحِّ الْأَقَاوِيلِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١١٠٦٧ - ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَلْحَقَ بِهِ مَا أُكِلَ وَشُرِبَ مِمَّا لَا يُوزَنُ وَلَا يُكَالُ، فَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ قِيَاسًا عَلَى مَا يُكَالُ وَيُوزَنُ مِمَّا يُؤْكَلُ وَيُشْرَبُ، وَرَدَّ الْعِلَّةَ إِلَى صِفَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لِاسْتِقَامَتِهَا بِهَا","vol":"8","page":44},{"text":"١١٠٦٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ أَبَا النَّضْرِ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ بُسْرَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «الطَّعَامُ بِالطَّعَامِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ.\n\n١١٠٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَمْ يَجْعَلِ الشَّافِعِيُّ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْمَوْزُونَاتِ قِيَاسًا عَلَى الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ بِخِلَافِهِمَا بِأَنَّ مَا سِوَاهُمَا لَيْسَ ثَمَنًا لِلْأَشْيَاءِ كَمَا تَكُونُ الدَّنَانِيرُ وَالدَّرَاهِمُ أَثْمَانًا لِلْأَشْيَاءِ الْمُتْلَفَةِ، وَإِنَّ الدِّينَارَ وَالدِّرْهَمَ يَسْلَمَانِ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَلَا يَسْلَمُ أَحَدُهُمَا فِي الْآخَرِ","vol":"8","page":45},{"text":"١١٠٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا بَأْسَ بِالسَّلَفِ فِي الْفُلُوسِ».\n\n١١٠٧١ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ الْقَدَّاحُ: لَا بَأْسَ بِالسَّلَفِ فِي الْفُلُوسِ ⦗٤٦⦘.\n\n١١٠٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ﵀: وَلَا يَحِلُّ عِنْدِي أَنْ يُسَلَّفَ فِي شَيْءٍ يُؤْكَلُ أَوْ يُشْرَبُ، كَالذَّهَبِ الَّذِي لَا يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُسْلَمَ فِي الْفِضَّةِ، وَالْفِضَّةِ الَّتِي لَا تَصْلُحُ أَنْ تُسْلَمَ فِي الذَّهَبِ. وَإِذَا تَبَايَعَا طَعَامًا بِطَعَامٍ ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَقَابَضَا انْتَقَضَ الْبَيْعُ بَيْنَهُمَا، كَمَا نَقُولُ فِي الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ،\n\n١١٠٧٣ - وَلَا يَكُونُ الرَّجُلُ رَاوِيًا لِلْحَدِيثِ حَتَّى يَقُولَ هَذَا؛ لِأَنَّ مَخْرَجَ الْكَلَامِ فِيمَا حَلَّ مِنْهُ وَحُرِّمَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاحِدٌ.\n\n١١٠٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"8","page":45},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-761>إِسْلَافُ الْعَرْضِ فِي الْعَرْضِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَأْكُولًا وَلَا مَوْزُونًا وَبَيْعُ أَحَدِهِمَا بِالْآخَرِ مُتَفَاضِلًا</span>","vol":"8","page":47},{"text":"١١٠٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا بِعَبْدَيْنِ» ⦗٤٨⦘. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ بِطُولِهِ","vol":"8","page":47},{"text":"١١٠٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ بَعِيرٍ بِبَعِيرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ يَكُونُ الْبَعِيرُ خَيْرًا مِنَ الْبَعِيرَيْنِ","vol":"8","page":48},{"text":"١١٠٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، «أَنَّهُ بَاعَ بَعِيرًا لَهُ يُدْعَى عُصَيْفِيرٌ بِعِشْرِينَ بَعِيرًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ»","vol":"8","page":48},{"text":"١١٠٧٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّهُ بَاعَ بَعِيرًا لَهُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَبْعِرَةٍ مَضْمُونَةٍ عَلَيْهِ بِالرَّبَذَةِ»","vol":"8","page":48},{"text":"١١٠٧٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا رِبًا فِي الْحَيَوَانِ، وَإِنَّمَا نُهِيَ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ عَنِ الْمَضَامِينَ، وَالْمَلَاقِيحِ، وَحَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ»","vol":"8","page":49},{"text":"١١٠٨٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ بَعِيرٍ بِبَعِيرَيْنِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَقَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ»","vol":"8","page":49},{"text":"١١٠٨١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ شَكَّ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْحَدِيدِ بِالْحَدِيدِ، فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَمَّا هُمْ فَكَانُوا يَتَبَايَعُونَ الدِّرْعَ بِالْأَدْرَاعِ».\n\n١١٠٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السَّلَمِ، بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي تَضْمِينِ الْبَعِيرِ بِالصِّفَةِ،\n\n١١٠٨٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا بِحَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُجَهِّزَ جَيْشًا وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ ظَهْرًا إِلَى خُرُوجِ الْمُصَدِّقِ، فَابْتَاعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْبَعِيرَ بِالْبَعِيرَيْنِ وَبِالْأَبْعِرَةِ إِلَى خُرُوجِ الْمُصَدِّقِ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"8","page":49},{"text":"١١٠٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَرِيشٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُجَهِّزَ جَيْشًا، فَنَفِدَتِ الْإِبِلُ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ فِي قِلَاصِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَكَانَ يَأْخُذُ الْبَعِيرَ بِالْبَعِيرَيْنِ إِلَى إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ».\n\n١١٠٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ نَسِيئَةً، فَهَذَا غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١١٠٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فَذَكَرَهُ. وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَكْثَرَ الْحُفَّاظِ لَا يُثْبِتُونَ سَمَاعَ الْحَسَنِ مِنْ سَمُرَةَ فِي غَيْرِ حَدِيثِ الْعَقِيقَةِ ⦗٥١⦘،\n\n١١٠٨٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُعْتَمِرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١١٠٨٨ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَعَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١١٠٨٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١١٠٩٠ - وَحُكِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيِّ أَنَّهُ وَهَّى رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ فَضْلَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١١٠٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ الطَّاحِيِّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ هَذَا قَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ\n\n١١٠٩٢ - قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدًا، يَعْنِي الْبُخَارِيَّ، عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا نَرْوِيهِ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا\n\n١١٠٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْفِقْهِ عَلَى مَا لَوْ كَانَ كِلَاهُمَا نَسِيئَةً، جَمْعًا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":50},{"text":"١١٠٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ:  «لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَبِيعَ السِّلْعَةَ إِحْدَاهُمَا نَاجِزَةٌ وَالْأُخْرَى دَيْنٌ»","vol":"8","page":51},{"text":"١١٠٩٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ:  «أَبِيعُ السِّلْعَةَ بِالسِّلْعَةِ كِلْتَاهُمَا دَيْنٌ» فَكَرِهَهُ ⦗٥٢⦘.\n\n١١٠٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، لَا يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ دَيْنًا بِدَيْنٍ. وَهَذَا يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: مِنْ وَجْهٍ،\n\n١١٠٩٧ - وَقَالَ فِي خِلَالِ كَلَامٍ لَهُ: أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ يُوَهِّنُونَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"8","page":51},{"text":"١١٠٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ الرَّبَذِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْكَالِئِ بِالْكَالِئِ». وَمُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: هُوَ النَّسِيئَةُ بِالنَّسِيئَةِ.\n\n١١٠٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ غَلَطَ بَعْضُ الْحُفَّاظِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَتَوَهَّمَ أَنَّهُ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَلَيْسَ لِمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ فِيهِ رِوَايَةٌ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"8","page":52},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-762>اعْتِبَارُ التَّمَاثُلِ بِالْكَيْلِ فِيمَا أَصْلُهُ الْكَيْلُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْمَطْعُومَاتِ فِي قَلِيلِ ذَلِكَ وَكَثِيرِهِ</span>\n١١١٠٠ - قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فِي الرِّبَا، وَفِيهِ: «الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ، وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ، وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ كَيْلًا بِكَيْلٍ، وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ كَيْلًا بِكَيْلٍ»","vol":"8","page":53},{"text":"١١١٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ عِنْدَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، إِذْ غَمَزَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَلْفِي، فَقَالَ: سَلْهُ عَنِ الْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ بِفَضْلٍ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ هَذَا يَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنِ الْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ بِفَضْلٍ؟ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: هُوَ رِبًا. فَقَالَ: سَلْهُ بِرَأْيِهِ يَقُولُ، أَمْ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ هَذَا يَقُولُ: سَلْهُ بِرَأْيِهِ يَقُولُ، أَمْ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أُحَدِّثُكُمْ، جَاءَهُ صَاحِبُ نَخْلَةٍ بِصَاعِ تَمْرٍ طَيِّبٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «كَانَ هَذَا أَجْوَدَ مِنْ تَمْرِنَا»، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَعْطَيْتُ صَاعَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرِنَا، وَأَخَذْتُ صَاعًا مِنْ هَذَا التَّمْرِ، فَقَالَ: «أَرْبَيْتَ»، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ سِعْرَ هَذَا فِي السُّوقِ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ: «فَبِعْهُ بِسِلْعَةٍ، ثُمَّ بِعْ ⦗٥٤⦘ سِلْعَتَكَ بِأَيِّ ثَمَنٍ شِئْتَ» قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: التَّمْرُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ الرِّبَا أَمِ الْفِضَّةُ؟. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ","vol":"8","page":53},{"text":"١١١٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا، عَنِ الْآخَرِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: اسْتَعْمَلَ رَجُلًا عَلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَجَاءَهُ بِتَمْرٍ جَنِيبٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَكُلُّ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ هَكَذَا؟» قَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا لَنَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ بِالصَّاعَيْنِ، وَالصَّاعَيْنِ بِالثَّلَاثَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَلَا تَفْعَلْ، بِعِ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ، ثُمَّ اشْتَرِ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ جَنِيبًا».\n\n١١١٠٣ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِالشَّكِّ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِالشَّكِّ، وَقَالَ: أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ مَالِكٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ ⦗٥٥⦘.\n\n١١١٠٤ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبَا سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَاهُ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: فَقَالَ: «لَا تَفْعَلُوا وَلَكِنْ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، أَوْ بِيعُوا هَذَا وَاشْتَرُوا بِثَمَنِهِ مِنْ هَذَا، وَكَذَلِكَ الْمِيزَانُ». وَقَوْلُهُ: «وَكَذَلِكَ الْمِيزَانُ» يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ بِفَضْلٍ؟ فَقَالَ: هُوَ رِبًا، ثُمَّ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ الْمِيزَانُ، يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: وَكَذَلِكَ بِالْفِضَّةِ الَّتِي أَصْلُهَا الْوَزْنُ كَالتَّمْرِ الَّذِي أَصْلُهُ الْكَيْلُ، وَهُوَ كَقَوْلِهِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ حِينَ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ فِي التَّمْرِ بِالتَّمْرِ، فَقَالَ: التَّمْرُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ الرِّبَا أَمِ الْفِضَّةُ؟ وَكَانَ قَدْ سَمِعَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ اعْتِبَارِ التَّمَاثُلِ قَاسَهَا بِالتَّمْرِ، أَوْ كَانَ هَذَا عِنْدَهُ أَبْيَنَ فِي تَحْرِيمِ التَّفَاضُلِ وَكَيْفِيَّةِ الْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الرِّبَا، فَقَاسَهُمَا عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ الْمِيزَانُ، يَعْنِي الَّذِي يَسْأَلُونَنِي عَنْهُ، وَهَكَذَا قَوْلُهُ: وَكُلُّ مَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ،\n\n١١١٠٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ حَيَّانَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي مُنَاظَرَتِهِ مَعَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرِوَايَتِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: بَعْضَ مَا يَجْرِي فِيهِ الرِّبَا يُشْبِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، إِنْ صَحَّ ذَلِكَ، وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ لِتَفَرُّدِ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ بِذَلِكَ، وَطَعَنَ بَعْضُ الْحُفَّاظِ فِيهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":54},{"text":"١١١٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «التَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ، مِثْلًا بِمِثْلِ»، فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ عَامِلَكَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ يَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ بِالصَّاعَيْنِ، فَقَالَ ⦗٥٦⦘ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ادْعُوهُ»، فَدُعِيَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَتَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ بِالصَّاعَيْنِ؟»، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَا يَبِيعُونِي الْجَنِيبَ بِالْجَمْعِ صَاعًا بِصَاعٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «بِعِ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ، ثُمَّ اشْتَرِ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ الْجَنِيبَ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ.\n\n١١١٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَفِي أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَامِلَهُ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِالدَّرَاهِمِ جَنِيبًا مَا دَلَّ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَجُوزَ أَنْ يُبَاعَ صَاعُ تَمْرٍ رَدِيءٍ فَيُجْمَعَ مَعَ صَاعِ تَمْرٍ فَائِقٍ، ثُمَّ يُشْتَرَى بِهِمَا صَاعُ تَمْرٍ وَسَطٍ،\n\n١١١٠٨ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَلَوْ كَانَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ الرَّدِيءَ مَعَ الْجَيِّدِ الْغَايَةِ لَأَمَرَهُ فِيمَا نَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَضُمَّ الرَّدِيءَ إِلَى الْجَيِّدِ، ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيَ بِهِ وَسَطًا، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مَوْجُودًا.\n\n١١١٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَا يُبَاعُ ذَهَبٌ بِذَهَبٍ مَعَ أَحَدِ الذَّهَبَيْنِ شَيْءٌ غَيْرُ الذَّهَبِ","vol":"8","page":55},{"text":"١١١١٠ - قال أحمد وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ بُرْهَانَ الْغَزَّالُ فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَامَ خَيْبَرَ بِقِلَادَةٍ فِيهَا خَرَزٌ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِذَهَبٍ \" ابْتَاعَهَا رَجُلٌ بِسَبْعَةِ دَنَانِيرَ أَوْ بِتِسْعَةٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا، حَتَّى تُمَيِّزَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا» قَالَ: إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ الْحِجَارَةَ قَالَ: «لَا، حَتَّى تُمَيِّزَ بَيْنَهُمَا» قَالَ: فَرَدَّهُ حَتَّى مَيَّزَ بَيْنَهُمَا ⦗٥٧⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ،\n\n١١١١١ - وَالَّذِي رَوَى اللَّيْثَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ قِلَادَةً فِيهَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا فِيهَا ذَهَبٌ وَخَرَزٌ،\n\n١١١١٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: قِلَادَةً بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا فِيهَا ذَهَبٌ وَخَرَزٌ قَالَ: فَفَصَّلْتُهَا، فَوَجَدْتُ فِيهَا أَكْثَرَ مِنَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا، فَذَكَرَتُ ذَلِكَ للنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تُبَاعُ حَتَّى تُفَصَّلَ»، قِصَّةٌ أُخْرَى؛ لِأَنَّ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ أَنَّهُ بِنَفْسِهِ اشْتَرَاهَا،\n\n١١١١٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ابْتَاعَهَا، وَاخْتَلَفَا أَيْضًا فِي قَدْرِ الدَّنَانِيرِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمَا اتَّفَقَا فِي النَّهْيِ حَتَّى تُفَصَّلَ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَنْعَ مِنَ الْبَيْعِ لِأَجْلِ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي صَفْقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ","vol":"8","page":56},{"text":"١١١١٤ - وَمَا رَوَى عَامِرُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَعَافِرِيُّ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ فِي غَزْوَةٍ فَطَارَتْ لِي وَلِأَصْحَابِي قِلَادَةٌ، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَشْتَرِيَهَا، فَسَأَلْتُ فَضَالَةَ، فَقَالَ: انْزِعْ ذَهَبَهَا فَاجْعَلْهُ فِي كِفَّةٍ، وَاجْعَلْ ذَهَبَكَ ⦗٥٨⦘ فِي كِفَّةٍ، ثُمَّ لَا تَأْخُذَنَّ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يَأْخُذَنَّ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ»","vol":"8","page":57},{"text":"١١١١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو هَانِئٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ رَبَاحٍ اللَّخْمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ فَضَالَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ قَالَ: أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ بِخَيْبَرَ بِقَلَائِدَ فِيهَا خَرَزٌ وَذَهَبٌ وَهُنَّ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ تُبَاعُ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِالذَّهَبِ الَّذِي فِي الْقِلَادَةِ فَنُزِعَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ».\n\n١١١١٦ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بِقِلَادَةٍ فِيهَا خَرَزٌ وَذَهَبٌ، وَقَالَ: فَنُزِعَ وَحْدَهُ،\n\n١١١١٧ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تُبَاعُ بِحَالٍ مَا لَمْ يُمَيَّزُ الذَّهَبُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ إِذَا بِيعَتْ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":58},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-763>الذَّهَبُ يُعْطَى الضَّرَّابَ وَيُزَادُ</span>","vol":"8","page":59},{"text":"١١١١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْتِي بِذَهَبٍ إِلَى دَارِ الضَّرْبِ، فَيُعْطِيهَا الضَّرَّابَ بِدَنَانِيرَ مَضْرُوبَةٍ، وَيَزِيدُهُ عَلَى وَزْنِهَا، قَالَ: هُوَ الرِّبَا بِعَيْنِهِ الْمُعَجَّلُ،\n\n١١١١٩ - قُلْتُ: وَمَا الْحُجَّةُ؟ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ، وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، لَا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا»","vol":"8","page":59},{"text":"وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: \" لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا ⦗٦٠⦘ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ","vol":"8","page":59},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-764>الرُّطَبُ بِالتَّمْرِ</span>","vol":"8","page":61},{"text":"١١١٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ مَوْلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، أَنَّ زَيْدًا أَبَا عَيَّاشٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنِ الْبَيْضَاءِ بِالسُّلْتِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ: أَيَّتُهُمَا أَفْضَلُ؟ فَقَالَ: الْبَيْضَاءُ، فَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يُسْأَلُ عَنْ شِرَاءِ التَّمْرِ بِالرُّطَبِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَيَنْقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إِذَا يَبِسَ؟»، قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، فَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ \" ⦗٦٢⦘.\n\n١١١٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: رَأْيُ سَعْدٍ نَفْسُهُ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الْبَيْضَاءَ بِالسُّلْتِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ كَرِهَهَا نَسِيئَةً فَذَلِكَ مُوَافِقٌ لِحَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ، وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَرِهَهَا لِذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ كَرِهَهَا مُتَفَاضِلَةً فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَجَازَ الْبُرَّ بِالشَّعِيرِ مُتَفَاضِلًا، وَلَيْسَ فِي قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ\n\n١١١٢٢ - قَالَ: وَفِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَلَائِلُ مِنْهَا: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِالرُّطَبِ عَنْ نُقْصَانِهِ، فَيَنْبَغِي لِلْإِمَامِ إِذَا حَضَرَهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِمَا يَرِدُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَهُمُ عَنْهُ، وَمِنْهَا: أَنَّهُ ﷺ نَظَرَ فِي تَنْقِيصِ الرُّطَبِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَنْقُصُ لَمْ يُجِزْ بَيْعَهُ بِالتَّمْرِ، وَقَدْ حَرَّمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ التَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ،\n\n١١١٢٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ دَلَّتْ أَنْ لَا يَجُوزَ رُطَبٌ بِرُطَبٍ؛ لِأَنَّ الصَّفْقَةَ وَقَعَتْ، وَلَا نَعْرِفُ كَيْفَ يَكُونَانِ فِي الْمُتَعَقِّبِ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١١١٢٤ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيِّ ﵀ فِيمَا حَكَى عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْبَيْضَاءُ هُوَ الرُّطَبُ مِنَ السُّلْتِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَعْرَفُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ أَلْيَقُ بِمَعْنَى الْحَدِيثِ، وَعَلَيْهِ يَدُلُّ مَوْضِعُ التَّشْبِيهِ مِنَ الرُّطَبِ بِالتَّمْرِ،\n\n١١١٢٥ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ الْغَرْبِيَّيْنِ فِي السُّلْتُ قَالَ: هُوَ حَبٌّ بَيْنَ الْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ","vol":"8","page":61},{"text":"١١١٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ تَبَايَعَا بِالسُّلْتِ وَالشَّعِيرِ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: تَبَايَعَ رَجُلَانِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِتَمْرٍ وَرُطَبٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَيَنْقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إِذَا يَبِسَ؟»، قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، فَنَهَى عَنْهُ \" ⦗٦٣⦘.\n\n١١١٢٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِسُلْتٍ وَشَعِيرٍ","vol":"8","page":62},{"text":"١١١٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الرُّطَبِ بِالتَّمْرِ نَسِيئَةً».\n\n١١١٢٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: خَالَفَهُ مَالِكٌ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَأُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، رَوَوْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَلَمْ يَقُولُوا فِيهِ نَسِيئَةً. وَاجْتِمَاعُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى يَدُلُّ عَلَى ضَبْطِهِمْ لِلْحَدِيثِ، وَفِيهِمْ إِمَامٌ حَافِظٌ، وَهُوَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ.\n\n١١١٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ،\n\n١١١٣١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ بَعْضُ مَنْ نَصَرَ قَوْلَ مَنْ قَالَ بِخِلَافِهِ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ: أَنَّ مَوْلًى لِبَنِي مَخْزُومٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ سَعْدًا عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسَلِّفُ الرَّجُلَ الرُّطَبَ بِالتَّمْرِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ؟ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ هَذَا،\n\n١١١٣٢ - وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ رِوَايَةَ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ. فَإِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا فَهُوَ إِذًا حَدِيثٌ آخَرَ.\n\n١١١٣٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَخْرَمَةُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَسَاقَهُ بِتَمَامِهِ","vol":"8","page":63},{"text":"وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَخْرَمَةُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَيَّاشٍ، يَقُولُ ⦗٦٤⦘: سَأَلْتُ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنِ اشْتِرَاءِ السُّلْتِ بِالتَّمْرِ، أَوْ قَالَ: بِالْبُرِّ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: أَبَيْنَهُمَا فَضْلٌ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: لَا يَصْلُحُ، وَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: \" سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ اشْتِرَاءِ الرُّطَبِ بِالتَّمْرِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَبَيْنَهُمَا فَضْلٌ؟»، قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، الرُّطَبُ يَنْقُصُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَلَا يَصْلُحُ».\n\n١١١٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَالْخَبَرُ يُصَرِّحُ بِأَنَّ الْمَنْعَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ لِنُقْصَانِ الرُّطَبِ فِي الْمُتَعَقِّبِ وَحُصُولِ الْفَضْلِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِذَلِكَ. وَهَذَا الْمَعْنَى يَمْنَعُ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّهْيُ لِأَجْلِ النَّسِيئَةِ، فَلِذَلِكَ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ مِمَّنْ خَالَفَ الْجَمَاعَةَ بِرِوَايَتِهَا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"8","page":63},{"text":"١١١٣٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تَبْتَاعُوا الثَّمَرَ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهُ، وَلَا تَبَايَعُوا الثَّمَرَ بِالتَّمْرِ»","vol":"8","page":64},{"text":"١١١٣٦ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تَبِيعُوا التَّمْرَ بِالتَّمْرِ»","vol":"8","page":64},{"text":"١١١٣٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا تَبَايَعُوا الثَّمَرَةَ بِالتَّمْرِ، ثَمَرَ النَّخْلِ بِثَمَرِ النَّخْلِ».\n\n١١١٣٨ - هَكَذَا رُوِيَ مُقَيَّدًا","vol":"8","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-765>بَابُ بَيْعِ اللَّحْمِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ</span>","vol":"8","page":65},{"text":"١١١٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ اللَّحْمِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ»","vol":"8","page":65},{"text":"١١١٤٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ أَبِي بَزَّةَ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدْتُ جَزُورًا قَدْ جُزِرَتْ فَجُزِّئَتْ أَجْزَاءَ، كُلُّ جُزْءٍ مِنْهَا بِعَنَاقٍ، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَبْتَاعَ مِنْهَا جُزْءً ⦗٦٦⦘، فَقَالَ لِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُبَاعَ حَيٌّ بِمَيِّتٍ». قَالَ: فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ، فَأُخْبِرْتُ عَنْهُ خَيْرًا.\n\n١١١٤١ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ، فَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ قَدِ انْضَمَّ إِلَى مُرْسَلِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فَوَكَّدَهُ","vol":"8","page":65},{"text":"١١١٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ «أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ بَيْعَ اللَّحْمِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ».\n\n١١١٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى التَّوْأَمَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ جَزُورًا، نَحَرْتُ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ بِعَنَاقٍ، فَقَالَ: أَعْطُونِي جُزْءً بِهَذِهِ الْعَنَاقِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ: لَا يَصْلُحُ هَذَا.\n\n١١١٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُحَرِّمُونَ بَيْعَ اللَّحْمِ الْمَوْضُوعِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ عَاجِلًا وَآجِلًا، يُعَظِّمُونَ ذَلِكَ وَلَا يُرَخِّصُونَ فِيهِ،\n\n١١١٤٥ - فَوَكَّدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَهُ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ عَنْ فُقَهَاءِ، أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَوْ لَمْ يُرْوَ فِي هَذَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ، كَانَ قَوْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فِيهِ مِمَّا لَيْسَ لَنَا خِلَافُهُ، لَأَنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ بِخِلَافِهِ، وَإِرْسَالُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عِنْدَنَا حَسَنٌ","vol":"8","page":66},{"text":"١١١٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ تُبَاعَ الشَّاةُ بِاللَّحْمِ»","vol":"8","page":67},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-766>بَابُ ثَمَرِ الْحَائِطِ يُبَاعُ أَصْلُهُ</span>","vol":"8","page":68},{"text":"١١١٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلًا بَعْدَ أَنْ تُؤَبَّرَ فَثَمَرُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"8","page":68},{"text":"١١١٤٨ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ⦗٦٩⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلًا قَدْ أُبِّرَتْ فَثَمَرَتُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَهُ الْمُبْتَاعُ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١١١٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَائِطَ إِذَا بِيعَ وَلَمْ يُؤَبَّرْ نَخْلُهُ فَثَمَرُهُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا حَدَّ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا أَبَّرَ فَثَمَرُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ»، فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ أَنَّ حُكْمَهُ إِذَا لَمْ يُؤَبَّرْ غَيْرُ حُكْمِهِ إِذَا أُبِّرَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ مَا فِيهِ إِلَّا لِلْبَائِعِ أَوْ لِلْمُشْتَرِي","vol":"8","page":68},{"text":"١١١٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا بَاعَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَائِطًا مُثْمِرًا، وَلَمْ يَشْتَرِطِ الْمُبْتَاعُ الثَّمَرَ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ الْبَائِعُ الثَّمَرَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرَاهُ، فَلَمَّا ثَبَتَ الْبَيْعُ اخْتَلَفَا فِي الثَّمَرِ، وَاحْتَكَمَا فِيهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَقَضَى بِالثَّمَرِ لِلَّذِي لَقَّحَ النَّخْلَ، لِلْبَائِعِ»","vol":"8","page":69},{"text":"١١١٥١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْعَبْدِ لَهُ الْمَالُ، وَفِي الْمَالِ الْمُثْمِرِ، يُبَاعَانِ وَلَا يَذْكُرَانِ مَالَهُ وَلَا ثَمَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: «هُوَ لِلْبَائِعِ»","vol":"8","page":69},{"text":"١١١٥٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ إِنْسَانًا بَاعَ رَقَبَةً حَائِطًا مُثْمِرًا، لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الثَّمَرَ عِنْدَ الْبَيْعِ، لَا الْبَائِعُ وَلَا الْمُبْتَاعُ؟ أَوْ عَبْدًا لَهُ مَالٌ كَذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا ثَبَتَ الْبَيْعُ قَالَ الْمُبْتَاعُ: إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ الثَّمَرَ، قَالَ: «لَا يُصَدَّقُ، وَالْبَيْعُ جَائِزٌ».\n\n١١١٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهُ نَأْخُذُ فِي الثَّمَرَةِ وَالْعَبْدِ","vol":"8","page":70},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-767>بَيْعُ الْبُقُولِ جَزَّةً وَاحِدَةً</span>","vol":"8","page":71},{"text":"١١١٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْقَصَبِ: \" لَا يُبَاعُ إِلَّا جَزَّةً وَاحِدَةً، أَوْ قَالَ: صِرْمَةً \".\n\n١١١٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَيَأْخُذُ صَاحِبُهُ فِي جِزَازَهِ عِنْدَ ابْتِيَاعِهِ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُخَاضَرَةِ»","vol":"8","page":71},{"text":"١١١٥٦ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: \" الْمُخَاضَرَةُ أَنْ تُبَاعَ الثِّمَارُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهَا وَهِيَ خَضِرٌ بَعْدُ قَالَ: وَيَدْخُلُ فِي الْمُخَاضَرَةِ أَيْضًا بَيْعُ الرِّطَابِ وَالْبُقُولِ وَأَشْبَاهِهَا، وَلِهَذَا كَرِهَ مَنْ كَرِهَ بَيْعَ الرِّطَابِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ جَزَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ \". هَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ","vol":"8","page":71},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-768>بَابُ الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي يَحِلُّ فِيهِ بَيْعُ الثِّمَارِ</span>","vol":"8","page":72},{"text":"١١١٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"8","page":72},{"text":"١١١٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهَا، نَهَى الْبَائِعَ وَالْمُشْتَرِيَ» ⦗٧٣⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":72},{"text":"١١١٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ح.\n\n١١١٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهَا». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ","vol":"8","page":73},{"text":"١١١٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سُرَاقَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تَذْهَبَ الْعَاهَةُ». قَالَ عُثْمَانُ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ: مَتَى ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: طُلُوعُ الثُّرَيَّا","vol":"8","page":73},{"text":"١١١٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ ⦗٧٤⦘، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تُزْهَى، فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَمَا تُزْهَى؟ قَالَ: «حَتَّى تَحْمَرَّ»، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ، فَبِمَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ؟». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ كَمَا أَشَرْنَا إِلَيْهِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ مَالِكٍ كَمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n١١١٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، فَلَمْ يُسْنِدْ آخِرَهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ سُفْيَانُ، رَوَاهُ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ فَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَسْنَدَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، عَنِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ كَمَا أَسْنَدَهُ مَالِكٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":73},{"text":"١١١٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ ثَمَرِ النَّخْلِ حَتَّى تَزْهُوَ»، قِيلَ: وَمَا تَزْهُو؟ قَالَ: «تَحْمَرُّ»","vol":"8","page":74},{"text":"١١١٦٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهُ». قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ: أَخَصَّ جَابِرٌ النَّخْلَ أَوِ التَّمْرَ؟ قَالَ: بَلِ النَّخْلُ، وَلَا نَرَى كُلَّ ثَمَرَةٍ إِلَّا مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"8","page":74},{"text":"١١١٦٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى يَنْجُوَ مِنَ الْعَاهَةِ»","vol":"8","page":75},{"text":"١١١٦٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ:  «لَا يُبَاعُ الثَّمَرُ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهُ».\n\n١١١٦٨ - وَسَمِعْنَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: «لَا يُبَاعُ الثَّمَرُ حَتَّى يُطْعَمَ»","vol":"8","page":75},{"text":"١١١٦٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَبِيعُ الثَّمَرَ مِنْ غُلَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُطْعَمَ، وَكَانَ لَا يَرَى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ غُلَامِهِ رِبًا»","vol":"8","page":75},{"text":"١١١٧٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَتِيقٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ السِّنِينَ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ⦗٧٦⦘.\n\n١١١٧١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ.\n\n١١١٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَقُولُ\n\n١١١٧٣ - قَالَ: وَفِي سُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَلَائِلُ، مِنْهَا: أَنَّ بُدُوَّ صَلَاحِ الثَّمَرِ الَّذِي أُحِلَّ بَيْعُهُ أَنْ يَحْمَرَّ أَوْ يَصْفَرَّ، وَدَلَالَةٌ إِذْ قَالَ: إِذَا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ فَبِمَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ؟ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ الَّتِي تَتْرُكُ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ غَايَةَ إِبَّانِهَا، لَا أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَمَّا يُقْطَعُ مِنْهَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَا يُقْطَعُ مِنْهَا لَا آفَةَ تَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ تَمْنَعُهُ، إِنَّمَا تَمْنَعُهُ مَا بِتَرْكِ مُدَّةٍ تَكُونُ فِيهَا الْآفَةُ وَالْبَلَحُ وَكُلُّ مَا دُونَ الْبُسْرِ يَحِلُّ بَيْعُهُ لِيُقْطَعَ مَكَانَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ خَارِجٌ عَمَّا نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْبُيُوعِ، دَاخِلٌ فِيمَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْبَيْعِ.\n\n١١١٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَمَلَ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارَ عَلَى بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَكُونَ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا رُوِّينَا مِنْ نَهْيِهِ عَنْ بَيْعِ السِّنِينَ، وَمَا وَرَدَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، وَقَدْ عَرَفْنَا بِتِلْكَ الْأَخْبَارِ نَهْيَهُ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَكُونَ، وَعَرَفْنَا بِهَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ نَهْيَهُ عَنْ بَيْعِهَا مُطْلَقًا إِذَا كَانَتْ مِمَّا لَمْ يَبْدُ فِيهَا الصَّلَاحُ، أَلَا تَرَاهُ عَلَّقَ الْمَنْعَ بِعِلَّةٍ تُوجَدُ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَكُونَ الثِّمَارُ بِمُدَّةٍ؟ فَقَالَ: «حَتَّى تَزْهُوَ»، وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ جَابِرٍ: حَتَّى تُشْقِحَ، قِيلَ: وَمَا تُشْقِحُ؟ قَالَ: «تَحْمَارُّ، أَوْ تَصْفَارُّ، وَيُؤْكَلُ مِنْهَا»، وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «حَتَّى تَطِيبَ»، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ حُكْمَ الثِّمَارِ بَعْدَ بُدُوِّ الصَّلَاحِ فِيهَا فِي الْبَيْعِ خِلَافُ حُكْمِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْدُوَ الصَّلَاحُ فِيهَا، فَيَجُوزُ بَيْعُهَا بَعْدَ بُدُوِّ الصَّلَاحِ فِيهَا مُطْلَقًا، وَلَا يَجُوزُ قَبْلَهُ إِلَّا بِشَرْطِ الْقَطْعِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-769>بُدُوُّ الصَّلَاحِ فِي بَعْضِهَا</span>","vol":"8","page":77},{"text":"١١١٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً، قَالَ:  «لَا يُبَاعُ حَتَّى يُؤْكَلَ مِنَ الرُّطَبِ قَلِيلٌ أَوْ كَثِيرٌ». قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الرُّطَبِ بَلَحٌ كَثِيرٌ؟ قَالَ: \" نَعَمْ، سَمِعْنَا: إِذَا أُكِلَ مِنْهُ \"","vol":"8","page":77},{"text":"١١١٧٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: الْحَائِطُ يَكُونُ فِيهِ النَّخْلَةُ فَتَزْهَيَ، فَيُؤْكَلُ مِنْهَا قَبْلَ الْحَائِطِ، وَالْحَائِطُ بَلَحٌ، قَالَ: «أَحْسِبُهُ إِذَا أَكَلَ مِنْهُ فَلْيَبِعْ».\n\n١١١٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالسُّنَّةُ يُكْتَفَى بِهَا مِنْ كُلِّ مَا ذُكِرَ مَعَهَا غَيْرُهَا. ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ","vol":"8","page":77},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-770>الْحُكْمُ فِي سَائِرِ الثِّمَارِ غَيْرَ النَّخْلِ وَفِيمَا تُنْبِتُهُ الْأَرْضُ</span>","vol":"8","page":78},{"text":"١١١٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: فَكُلُّ ثَمَرَةٍ كَذَلِكَ لَا تُبَاعُ حَتَّى يُؤْكَلَ مِنْهَا؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مِنْ عِنَبٍ، أَوْ رُمَّانٍ، أَوْ فِرْسِكٍ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا كَانَ الشَّيْءُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ يَخْلُصُ وَيَتَحَوَّلُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ مِنْهُ، أَيُبْتَاعُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، وَلَا شَيْءَ حَتَّى يُؤْكَلَ مِنْهُ».\n\n١١١٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكُلُّ ثَمَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْلٍ فَهِيَ مِثْلُهُ لَا تُخَالِفُهُ","vol":"8","page":78},{"text":"١١١٨٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: فَمَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْهُ الْحِنَّاءُ، وَالْكُرْسُفُ، وَالْقَضْبُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، لَا يُبَاعُ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهُ»","vol":"8","page":78},{"text":"١١١٨١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: الْقَضْبُ يُبَاعُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا كُلُّ صِرْمَةٍ عِنْدَ صَلَاحِهَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ تُصِيبُهُ فِي الصِّرْمَةِ الْأُخْرَى عَاهَةٌ»","vol":"8","page":78},{"text":"١١١٨٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ، أَنَّ إِنْسَانًا سَأَلَ عَطَاءً، فَقَالَ: الْكُرْسُفُ يُجْنَى فِي السَّنَةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا عِنْدَ كُلِّ إِجْنَاءَةٍ»","vol":"8","page":78},{"text":"١١١٨٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ زِيَادًا أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: \" أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْكُرْسُفِ يَبِيعُهُ فِلْقَةً وَاحِدَةً قَالَ: يَقُولُ: فِلْقَةً وَاحِدَةً: إِجْنَاءَةً وَاحِدَةً إِذَا فَتَّحَ \".\n\n١١١٨٤ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَقَالَ زِيَادٌ: وَالَّذِي قُلْنَا عَلَيْهِ إِذَا فَتَّحَ الْجَوْزُ بِيعَ، وَلَمْ يَبِعْ مَا سِوَاهُ قَالَ: تِلْكَ إِجْنَاءَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ إِذَا فَتَّحَ.\n\n١١١٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُسٌ فِي هَذَا كَمَا قَالَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَهُوَ مَعْنَى السُّنَّةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":79},{"text":"١١١٨٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً، قَالَ: «إِنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ تُنْبِتُهُ الْأَرْضُ مِمَّا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْ خِرْبَزٍ، أَوْ قِثَّاءَ، أَوْ بِقْلٍ، لَا يُبَاعُ حَتَّى يُؤْكَلَ مِنْهُ كَهَيْئَةِ النَّخْلِ». قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: إِنَّمَا يُبَاعُ الْبَقْلُ صِرْمَةً صِرْمَةً.\n\n١١١٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ حَلَّ بَيْعُ ثَمَرَةٍ مِنْ هَذَا الثَّمَرِ نَخْلٍ أَوْ عِنَبٍ أَوْ قِثَّاءَ، أَوْ خِرْبَزٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، لَا يَحِلُّ أَنْ تُبَاعَ ثَمَرَتُهَا الَّتِي تَأْتِي بَعْدَهَا بِحَالٍ،\n\n١١١٨٨ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ؟ قُلْنَا: لَمَّا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَنْ بَيْعِ السِّنِينَ، وَنَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ، وَنَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ التَّمْرِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهُ، كَانَ بَيْعُ ثَمَرَةٍ لَمْ تُخْلَقْ بَعْدُ أَوْلَى فِي جَمِيعِ هَذَا","vol":"8","page":79},{"text":"١١١٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: «نَهَى ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ بَيْعِ النَّخْلِ مُعَاوَمَةً»","vol":"8","page":79},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-771>مَا جَاءَ فِي بَيْعِ الْحِنْطَةِ فِي سُنْبُلِهَا</span>","vol":"8","page":80},{"text":"١١١٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْنَا لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ مَعْبَدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا بِإِسْنَادٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ أَجَازَ بَيْعَ الْقَمْحِ فِي سُنْبُلِهِ إِذَا ابْيَضَّ». قَالَ: أَمَّا هُوَ فَغَرَرٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَحُولُ دُونَهُ، لَا يُرَى،\n\n١١١٩١ - فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ الْخَبَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قُلْنَا بِهِ، وَكَانَ هَذَا خَاصَّا مُسْتَخْرَجًا مِنْ عَامٍّ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ وَأَجَازَ هَذَا،\n\n١١١٩٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ أَجَازَ بَيْعَ الشِّقْصِ مِنَ الدَّارِ، فَجَعَلَ فِيهِ الشُّفْعَةَ لِصَاحِبِ الشُّفْعَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ غَرَرٌ، وَكَانَ خَاصًّا مُخْرَجًا مِنْ عَامٍّ ⦗٨١⦘.\n\n١١١٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ الْمَسْمُوعُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: وَقَدْ قَالَ غَيْرِي: يَجُوزُ بَيْعُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا إِذَا يَبِسَ فِي سُنْبُلِهِ، وَيُرْوَى فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ أَنَّهُ أَجَازَهُ، وَرَوَى فِيهِ شَيْئًا لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ، عَمَّنْ هُوَ أَعْلَى مِنَ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ وَلَكَنَّا لَمْ نَعْرِفْهُ ثَبَتَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١١١٩٤ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّرْفِ: الْمَسْمُوعُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي بَيْعِ الزَّرْعِ قَائِمًا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ أَجَازَهُ فِي حَالٍ دُونَ حَالٍ، فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ فِي الْحَالِ الَّتِي أَجَازَهُ فِيهَا،\n\n١١١٩٥ - وَحَكَى فِي خِلَالِ مَناظَرَةٍ لَهُ مَعَ غَيْرِهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّمَا أَجَزْنَاهُ بِالْأَثَرِ. قُلْنَا: وَمَا الْأَثَرُ؟ قَالَ: رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قُلْتُ: أَيَثْبُتُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: وَلَيْسَ فِيمَا لَمْ يَثْبُتْ حُجَّةٌ قَالَ: وَلَكَنَّا نُثْبِتُهُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قُلْنَا: وَهُوَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ لَيْسَ كَمَا تُرِيدُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا احْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَبَيْعِ الْأَعْيَانِ الْمُغَيَّبَةِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْخِيَارُ إِذَا رَآهَا.\n\n١١١٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، فَهِيَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سِيرِينَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: لَا تَبِيعُوا الْحَبَّ فِي سُنْبُلِهِ حَتَّى يَبْيَضَّ.\n\n١١١٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ: قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١١١٩٨ - وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ","vol":"8","page":80},{"text":"١١١٩٩ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْمَرْفُوعُ فِيهِ فَكَأَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ لَهُ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبَانَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَبِّ حَتَّى يُفْرَكَ» ⦗٨٢⦘.\n\n١١٢٠٠ - وَهَذَا ضَعِيفٌ؛ لِأَنَّ أَبَانَ بْنَ عَيَّاشٍ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ","vol":"8","page":81},{"text":"١١٢٠١ - وَقَدْ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَبِّ حَتَّى يُفْرَكَ». وَالْأَشْبَهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ: حَتَّى يَفْرِكَ بِخَفْضِ الرَّاءِ. فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَفَّانُ، وَأَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، وَحِبَّانُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: \" نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَبِّ حَتَّى يَشْتَدَّ \"،\n\n١١٢٠٢ - وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ","vol":"8","page":82},{"text":"١١٢٠٣ - وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ النَّخْلِ حَتَّى يَزْهُوَ، وَعَنِ السُّنْبُلِ حَتَّى يَبْيَضَّ، نَهَى الْبَائِعَ وَالْمُشْتَرِي \".\n\n١١٢٠٤ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، وَزُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَزَادَ، فِيهِ: «حَتَّى يَبْيَضَّ وَيَأْمَنَ الْعَاهَةَ»،\n\n١١٢٠٥ - وَذِكْرُ السُّنْبُلِ فِيهِ مِمَّا يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ أَيُّوبُ السِّخْتِيَانِيُّ، مِنْ بَيْنِ أَصْحَابِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَأَيُّوبُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ الْأَثْبَاتِ","vol":"8","page":82},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-772>الثُّنْيَا فِي الْبَيْعِ</span>","vol":"8","page":83},{"text":"١١٢٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، أَنَّ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ «كَانَ يَبِيعُ تَمْرَ حَائِطِهِ وَيَسْتَثْنِي مِنْهُ»","vol":"8","page":83},{"text":"١١٢٠٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ جَدَّهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، بَاعَ حَائِطًا لَهُ يُقَالَ لَهُ: «الْأَفْرَاقُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، وَاسْتَثْنَى مِنْهُ بِثَمَانِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ تَمْرًا أَوْ ثَمَرًا». قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَنَا أَشُكُّ","vol":"8","page":83},{"text":"١١٢٠٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ عَمْرَةَ، «أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَبِيعُ ثِمَارَهَا وَتَسْتَثْنِي مِنْهَا»","vol":"8","page":83},{"text":"١١٢٠٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: قُلْتُ لِبَيْعِي: أَبِيعُكَ حَائِطِي إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ فَرَقًا أَوْ كَيْلًا مُسَمًّى مَا كَانَ؟ قَالَ: «لَا» قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَإِنْ قُلْتُ هِيَ مِنَ السَّوَادِ سَوَّادِ الرُّطَبِ. قَالَ: «لَا»","vol":"8","page":84},{"text":"١١٢١٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: قُلْتُ: أَبِيعُكَ نَخْلِي إِلَّا عَشْرَ نَخْلَاتٍ، قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَسْتَثْنِيَ أَيَّتُهُنَّ قَبْلَ الْبَيْعِ»، تَقُولُ: هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَبِيعُكَ حَائِطِي إِلَّا عَشْرَ نَخْلَاتٍ أَخْتَارُهُنَّ قَالَ: «وَلَا، حَتَّى تَسْتَثْنِيَ أَيَّتُهُنَّ قَبْلَ الْبَيْعِ»","vol":"8","page":84},{"text":"١١٢١١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَيَبِيعُ الرَّجُلُ نَخْلَهُ أَوْ عِنَبَهُ أَوْ بُرَّهُ أَوْ عَبْدَهُ أَوْ سِلْعَتَهُ مَا كَانَتْ عَلَى أَنِّي شَرِيكٌ بِالرُّبُعِ، وَبِمَا كَانَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ»","vol":"8","page":84},{"text":"١١٢١٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَبِيعُكَ ثَمَرَ حَائِطِي بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَضْلًا، عَنْ نَفَقَةِ الرَّقِيقِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ نَفَقَةَ الرَّقِيقِ مَجْهُولَةٌ لَيْسَ لَهَا وَقْتٌ، فَمِنْ ثَمَّ فَسَدَ الْبَيْعُ».\n\n١١٢١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، مِنْ هَذَا كُلِّهِ كَمَا قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَهُوَ فِي مَعْنَى السُّنَّةِ\n\n١١٢١٤ - قَالَ: وَلَا يَجُوزُ الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ إِلَّا عَلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ الْبَيْعُ وَاقِعًا عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَالْمُسْتَثْنَى خَارِجًا مِنَ الْبَيْعِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: أَبِيعُكَ تَمْرَ حَائِطِي إِلَّا كَذَا وَكَذَا نَخْلَةً تُعْرَفُ بِأَعْيَانِهَا، فَتَكُونُ خَارِجَةً مِنَ الْبَيْعِ، أَوْ أَبِيعُكَ تَمْرَهُ إِلَّا نِصْفَهُ أَوْ إِلَّا ثُلُثَهُ، فَيَكُونُ مَا اسْتَثْنَاهُ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْبَيْعِ","vol":"8","page":84},{"text":"١١٢١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الثُّنْيَا إِلَّا أَنَّ يَعْلَمَ».\n\n١١٢١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَالَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْبَغَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٢١٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْلَمَ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ،\n\n١١٢١٨ - وَتَفْسِيرُ هَذَا فِيمَا حَكَيْنَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، ثُمَّ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"8","page":85},{"text":"١١٢١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَبِيعُكَ ثَمَرَ حَائِطِي هَذَا بِأَرْبَعِ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَضْلًا عَنِ الصَّدَقَةِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، إِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لَيْسَتْ لَكَ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ لِلْمَسَاكِينَ»","vol":"8","page":85},{"text":"١١٢٢٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: إِنْ بِعْتَ ثَمَرَكَ، وَلَمْ تَذْكُرِ الصَّدَقَةَ أَنْتَ وَلَا بَيْعُكَ، فَالصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْمُبْتَاعِ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْحَائِطِ قَالَ هِيَ الْمُبْتَاعُ». قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنْ بِعْتُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُخْرَصَ أَوْ بَعْدَ مَا يُخْرَصُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ⦗٨٦⦘.\n\n١١٢٢١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ: إِنَّمَا هِيَ عَلَى الْمُبْتَاعِ\n\n١١٢٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا قَالَا مِنْ هَذَا كَمَا قَالَا: إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَةُ فِي عَيْنِ الشَّيْءِ بِعَيْنِهِ، فَحَيْثُ مَا تَحَوَّلَ فَفِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَقْوَالَهُ قَدِيمًا","vol":"8","page":85},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-773>مَا جَاءَ فِي وَضْعِ الْجَائِحَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":87},{"text":"١١٢٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَتِيقٍ ⦗٨٨⦘، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ السِّنِينَ، وَأَمَرَ بِوَضْعِ الْجَوَائِحِ».\n\n١١٢٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ يُحَدِّثُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ كَثِيرًا فِي طُولِ مُجَالَسَتِي لَهُ، لَا أُحْصِي مَا سَمِعْتُهُ يُحَدِّثُهُ مِنْ كَثْرَتِهِ، لَا يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ: أَمَرَ بِوَضْعِ الْجَوَائِحِ، لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ السِّنِينَ، ثُمَّ زَادَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: وَأَمَرَ بِوَضْعِ الْجَوَائِحِ. قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَكَانَ حُمَيْدٌ يَذْكُرُ بَعْدَ بَيْعِ السِّنِينَ كَلَامًا قَبْلَ وَضَعِ الْجَوَائِحِ لَا أَحْفَظُهُ، فَكُنْتُ أَكُفُّ عَنْ ذِكْرِهِ، لِأَنِّي لَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ كَانَ الْكَلَامُ، وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: أَمَرَ بِوَضْعِ الْجَوَائِحِ.\n\n١١٢٢٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"8","page":87},{"text":"١١٢٢٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ عَمْرَةَ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهَا تَقُولُ: ابْتَاعَ رَجُلٌ ثَمَرَ حَائِطٍ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَعَالَجَهُ وَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ النُّقْصَانُ، فَسَأَلَ رَبَّ الْحَائِطِ أَنْ يَضَعَ عَنْهُ، فَحَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ، فَذَهَبَتْ أُمُّ الْمُشْتَرِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَأَلَّى أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ خَيْرًا»، فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ رَبُّ الْمَالِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هُوَ لَهُ.\n\n١١٢٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي وَضْعِ الْجَوَائِحِ مَا حَكَيْتُ، فَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْكَلَامُ الَّذِي ⦗٨٩⦘ لَمْ يَحْفَظْهُ سُفْيَانُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حُمَيْدٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُ بِوَضْعِهَا عَلَى مِثْلِ أَمْرِهِ بِالصُّلْحِ عَلَى النِّصْفِ، وَعَلَى مِثْلِ أَمْرِهِ بِالصَّدَقَةِ تَطَوُّعًا حَضًّا عَلَى الْخَيْرِ لَا حَتْمًا، وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ، وَيَجُوزُ غَيْرُهُ، فَلَمَّا احْتَمَلَ الْحَدِيثُ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ مَعًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَيِّهِمَا أَوْلَى بِهِ، لَمْ يَجُزْ عِنْدَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ يُحْكَمَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ بِوَضْعِ مَا يَجِبُ لَهُمْ بِلَا خَبَرٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَثْبُتُ بِوَضْعِهِ\n\n١١٢٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ عَمْرَةَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَأَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ وَنَحْنُ لَا نُثْبِتُ الْمُرْسَلَ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ حَدِيثُ عَمْرَةَ كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُوضَعَ الْجَائِحَةُ، لِقَوْلِهَا: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَأَلَّى أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ خَيْرًا»، فَلَوْ كَانَ الْحُكْمُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَضَعَ الْجَائِحَةَ لَكَانَ أَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: ذَلِكَ لَازِمٌ لَهُ، حَلَفَ أَوْ لَمْ يَحْلِفْ.\n\n١١٢٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ عَمْرَةَ قَدْ أَسْنَدَهُ حَارِثَةُ بْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ حَارِثَةَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَأَسْنَدَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُخْتَصَرٌ لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الثَّمَرِ ⦗٩٠⦘،\n\n١١٢٣٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَتِيقٍ، فَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n١١٢٣١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَكَمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أنَّهُ وَضَعَ الْجَوَائِحَ","vol":"8","page":88},{"text":"١١٢٣٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِنْ بِعْتَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ ثَمَرًا فَأَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، بِمَ تَأْخُذُ مَالَ أَخِيكَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ؟».\n\n١١٢٣٣ - وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ، وَهَذَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ وَارِدًا فِي بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ قَبْلَ بُدُوِّ صَلَاحِهَا، كَمَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، فَهُوَ صَرِيحٌ فِي الْمَنْعِ مِنْ أَخْذِ ثَمَنِهَا إِنْ ذَهَبْتَ بِجَائِحَةٍ،\n\n١١٢٣٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَوْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ: إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ حَمْلُهَا عَلَى مَا يَجْتَاحُ النَّاسَ فِي الْأَرَاضِي الْخَرَاجِيَّةِ الَّتِي خَرَاجُهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَيُوضَعُ ذَلِكَ الْخَرَاجُ عَنْهُمْ، فَأَمَّا فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ الْمُبِيعَاتِ فَلَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ حَدِيثَ جَابِرٍ وَرَدَ فِي الْبَيْعِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَى أَرْضِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَرَاجٌ، وَلَا يُمْكِنُ حَمَلُهُ عَلَى مَا لَوْ أَصَابَتْهَا جَائِحَةٌ قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ خَصَّ بِهَذَا الْحُكْمِ الثِّمَارَ، وَخَصَّ تَلَفَهَا بِجَائِحَةٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، إِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَوْرٍ، وَلَمْ يُقَيِّدْهُ بِالْقَبْضِ وَعَدَمِ الْقَبْضِ فَهُوَ عَلَى الْعُمُومِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يُوَافِقُ ⦗٩١⦘ حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي بَعْضِ أَلْفَاظِهِ، فَيُشْبِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، وَلَعَلَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ لِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى أَوْ لِغَيْرِهِ تَكَلَّمَ عَلَى حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَتِيقٍ، وَعَلَّقَ الْقَوْلَ عَلَى ثُبُوتِهِ دُونَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":90},{"text":"١١٢٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، فِيمَنْ بَاعَ ثَمَرًا فَأَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ قَالَ: «مَا أَرَى إِلَّا أَنَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَضَعْ». قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: يَعْنِي الْبَائِعَ.\n\n١١٢٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِي عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، أَنَّهُ بَاعَ حَائِطًا لَهُ فَأَصَابَتْ مُشْتَرِيهِ جَائِحَةٌ، فَأَخَذَ الثَّمَنَ مِنْهُ، وَلَا نَدْرِي أَيَثْبُتُ أَمْ لَا؟.\n\n١١٢٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي إِسْنَادُهُ لَنَنْظُرَ فِيهِ","vol":"8","page":91},{"text":"وَأَصَحُّ مَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ لِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أُصِيبَ رَجُلٌ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ثِمَارٍ ابْتَاعَهَا فَكَثُرَ دَيْنُهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَصَدَّقُوا عَلَيْهِ»، فَتَصَدَّقَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ ذَلِكَ وَفَاءَ دَيْنِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خُذُوا مَا وَجَدْتُمْ، وَلَيْسَ لَكَمْ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ،\n\n١١٢٣٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ بِحَدِيثِ النَّهْيِ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى تَنْجُوَ مِنَ الْعَاهَةِ، وَقَوْلِهِ: «أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ، فَبِمَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ؟» قَالَ: وَلَوْ ⦗٩٢⦘ كَانَ مَالِكُ الثَّمَرَةِ لَا يَمْلِكُ ثَمَنَ مَا أُجِيحَ مِنْ ثَمَرَتِهِ مَا كَانَ لِمَنْعِهِ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا مَعْنًى قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْدُوَ فِيهَا الصَّلَاحُ،\n\n١١٢٣٩ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَإِنْ ثَبَتَ الْحَدِيثُ فِي وَضْعِ الْجَائِحَةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا حُجَّةٌ،\n\n١١٢٤٠ - وَأَمْضَى الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ قَالَ: وَهَذَا مِمَّا أَسْتَخِيرُ اللَّهَ فِيهِ، وَلَوْ صِرْتُ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِهِ وَضَعْتُ كُلَّ قَلِيلٍ وَكَثِيرٍ","vol":"8","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-774>بَابُ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":93},{"text":"١١٢٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ».\n\n١١٢٤٢ - وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ: بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْلًا، وَبَيْعُ الْكَرْمِ بِالزَّبِيبِ كَيْلًا. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":93},{"text":"١١٢٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُخَابَرَةِ، وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ، وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ» ⦗٩٤⦘.\n\n١١٢٤٤ - وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ: أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ الزَّرْعَ بِمِائَةِ فَرَقِ حِنْطَةٍ، وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ: أَنْ يَبِيعَ الثَّمَرَ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ بِمِائَةِ فَرَقِ تَمْرٍ، وَالْمُخَابَرَةُ: كِرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"8","page":93},{"text":"١١٢٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ».\n\n١١٢٤٦ - وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ: اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ، وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ: اسْتِكْرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ\n\n١١٢٤٧ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ بِالشَّكِّ،\n\n١١٢٤٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَقَالَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، لَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ، وَفِيهِ زِيَادَةٌ: فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ ⦗٩٥⦘. وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ","vol":"8","page":94},{"text":"١١٢٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي جَمْعِهِ لِأَحَادِيثِ مَالِكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ».\n\n١١٢٥٠ - وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ: اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْلًا فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ، وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ: اسْتِكْرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ","vol":"8","page":95},{"text":"١١٢٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ».\n\n١١٢٥٢ - وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ: اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ، وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ: اشْتِرَاءُ الزَّرْعِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ\n\n١١٢٥٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَسَأَلْتُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنِ اسْتِكْرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ، بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ ⦗٩٦⦘.\n\n١١٢٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ فِي الزَّرْعِ كَالْمُزَابَنَةِ فِي التَّمْرِ","vol":"8","page":95},{"text":"١١٢٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: وَمَا الْمُحَاقَلَةُ؟ قَالَ: «الْمُحَاقَلَةُ فِي الْحَرْثِ كَهَيْئَةِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ فِي النَّخْلِ سَوَاءً، بَيْعُ الزَّرْعِ بِالْقَمْحِ».\n\n١١٢٥٦ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَفَسَّرَ لَكَمْ جَابِرٌ فِي الْمُحَاقَلَةِ كَمَا أَخْبَرَتْنِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ.\n\n١١٢٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَتَفْسِيرُ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: مَنْصُوصًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ مَنْ هُوَ دُونَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":96},{"text":"١١٢٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الصُّبْرَةِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ، لَا يُعْلَمُ مَكِيلَتُهَا بِالْكَيْلِ الْمُسَمَّى مِنَ التَّمْرِ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"8","page":96},{"text":"١١٢٥٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ ⦗٩٧⦘: سَمِعْتُ مِنَ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ خَبَرًا أَخْبَرَنِيهِ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْهُ فِي الصُّبْرَةِ، فَقَالَ: «أَحْسَنْتَ»، فَقُلْتُ: كَيْفَ تَرَى أَنْتَ فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَنَهَى عَنْهُ","vol":"8","page":96},{"text":"١١٢٦٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُوسٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ تُبَاعَ صُبْرَةٌ بِصُبْرَةٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ لَا تُعْلَمُ مَكِيلَتُهُمَا، أَوْ تُعْلَمُ مَكِيلَةُ إِحْدَاهُمَا وَلَا تُعْلَمُ مَكِيلَةُ الْأُخْرَى، أَوْ تُعْلَمُ مَكِيلَتُهُمَا جَمِيعًا هَذِهِ بِهَذِهِ، وَهَذِهِ بِهَذِهِ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا كَيْلًا بِكَيْلٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ»","vol":"8","page":97},{"text":"١١٢٦١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: مَا الْمُزَابَنَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: «التَّمْرُ فِي النَّخْلِ يُبَاعُ بِالتَّمْرِ»، فَقُلْتُ: إِنْ عُلِمَتْ مَكِيلَةُ التَّمْرِ أَوْ لَمْ تُعْلَمْ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقَالَ إِنْسَانٌ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَفَبِالرُّطَبِ قَالَ: «سَوَاءٌ التَّمْرُ وَالرُّطَبُ، ذَلِكَ مُزَابَنَةٌ».\n\n١١٢٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ إِلَّا فِي الْعَرَايَا قَالَ: وَجِمَاعُ الْمُزَابَنَةِ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ كُلَّ مَا عَقَدْتَ بَيْعَهُ مِمَّا الْفَضْلُ فِي بَعْضِهِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ يُعْرَفُ كَيْلُهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ جِزَافًا لَا يُعْرَفُ كَيْلُهُ، وَلَا جِزَافٌ مِنْهُ بِجِزَافٍ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ","vol":"8","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-775>بَابُ بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا</span>","vol":"8","page":98},{"text":"١١٢٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهُ، وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ».\n\n١١٢٦٤ - قَالَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: وَحَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، «أَرْخَصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"8","page":98},{"text":"١١٢٦٥ - وَرَوَاهُ عُقَيْلٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنَّهُ أَرْخَصَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرِيَّةِ بِالرُّطَبِ أَوِ التَّمْرِ، وَلَمْ يُرَخِّصْ فِي غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ» ⦗٩٩⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَقِيلٌ فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ","vol":"8","page":98},{"text":"١١٢٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَرْخَصَ لِصَاحِبِ الْعَرِيَّةِ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا بِخَرْصِهَا». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ،\n\n١١٢٦٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَزَادَ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: «بِخَرْصِهَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ».\n\n١١٢٦٨ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: \" رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْ تُبَاعَ الْعَرَايَا بِخَرْصِهَا تَمْرًا \"","vol":"8","page":99},{"text":"١١٢٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ قَالَ: بِعْتُ مَا فِي رُءُوسِ نَخْلِي بِمِائَةِ وَسْقٍ، إِنْ زَادَ فَلَهُمْ، وَإِنْ نَقَصَ فَعَلَيْهِمْ ⦗١٠٠⦘. فَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ هَذَا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ أَرْخَصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا».\n\n١١٢٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ وَالُمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَقَالَا: عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ لَمْ يَشُكَّا،\n\n١١٢٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ بِالتَّمْرِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا»","vol":"8","page":99},{"text":"١١٢٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «أَرْخَصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ أَوْ فِي خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ» شَكَّ دَاوُدُ، وَقَالَ: فِي خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ أَوْ دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":100},{"text":"١١٢٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقِيلَ لِمَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، أَوْ قَالَ مَحْمُودُ بْنُ لَبِيدٍ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِمَّا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَإِمَّا غَيْرُهُ: مَا عَرَايَاكُمْ هَذِهِ؟ قَالَ: فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ، وَسَمَّى رِجَالًا مُحْتَاجِينَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ شَكُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ الرُّطَبَ يَأْتِي وَلَا نَقْدَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ يَبْتَاعُونَ بِهِ رُطَبًا يَأْكُلُونَهُ مَعَ النَّاسِ، وَعِنْدَهُمْ فُضُولٌ مِنْ قُوتِهِمْ مِنَ التَّمْرِ، فَرَخَّصَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَبْتَاعُوا الْعَرَايَا بِخَرْصِهَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ الَّذِي فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ يَأْكُلُونَهَا رُطَبًا \" ⦗١٠١⦘. هَكَذَا حَكَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ،\n\n١١١٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَالْعَرَايَا الَّتِي أَرْخَصَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فِيهَا فِيمَا ذَكَرَ مَحْمُودُ بْنُ لَبِيدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ فَقُلْتُ: فَمَا عَرَايَاكُمْ هَذِهِ الَّتِي تُحِلُّونَهَا؟ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى مَا حَكَاهُ فِي الْبُيُوعِ\n\n١١١٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"8","page":100},{"text":"١١٢٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَهْلَ بْنَ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، يَقُولُ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ أَرْخَصَ فِي الْعَرِيَّةِ أَنْ تُبَاعَ بِخَرْصِهَا تَمْرًا، يَأْكُلُهَا أَهْلُهَا رُطَبًا».\n\n١١٢٧٧ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ. وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرِيَّةِ النَّخْلَةَ وَالنَّخْلَتَيْنِ يَأْخُذُهَا أَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ بِخَرْصِهَا تَمْرًا يَأْكُلُونَهَا رُطَبًا","vol":"8","page":101},{"text":"١١٢٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ». وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ: بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ أَرْخَصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا ⦗١٠٢⦘، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١١٢٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَثْبَتْنَا التَّحْرِيمَ مُحَرَّمًا عَامًّا فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ مَأْكُولٍ، بَعْضُهُ جِزَافٌ وَبَعْضُهُ مَكِيلٍ لِلْمُزَابَنَةِ، وَأَحْلَلْنَا الْعَرَايَا خَاصَّةً بِإِحْلَالِهِ مِنَ الْجُمْلَةِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ، وَلَمْ يُبْطِلْ أَحَدَ الْخَبَرَيْنِ بِالْآخَرِ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ قِيَاسًا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: فَمَا وَجْهُ هَذَا؟ قُلْتُ: يَحْتَمِلُ وَجْهَيْنِ: أَوْلَاهُمَا بِهِ عِنْدِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ جُمْلَةً إِرَادَتُهُ مَا سِوَى الْعَرَايَا، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَخَّصَ فِيهَا بَعْدَ دُخُولِهَا فِي جُمْلَةِ النَّهْيِ، وَأَيُّهُمَا كَانَ فَعَلَيْنَا طَاعَتُهُ بِإِحْلَالِ مَا أَحَلَّ وَتَحْرِيمِ مَا حَرَّمَ.\n\n١١٢٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُهُ ﷺ: «يَأْكُلُهَا أَهْلُهَا رُطَبًا» خَبَرٌ أَنَّ مُبْتَاعَ الْعَرِيَّةِ يَبْتَاعُهَا لِيَأْكُلَهَا، وَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا رُطَبَ لَهُ فِي مَوْضِعَهَا يَأْكُلُهُ غَيْرَهَا، وَلَوْ كَانَ صَاحِبُ الْحَائِطِ هُوَ الْمُرَخَّصُ لَهُ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ الْعَرِيَّةَ لِيَأْكُلَهَا كَانَ لَهُ حَائِطُهُ مَعَهَا أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَايَا يَأْكُلُ مِنْ حَائِطِهِ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ضَرَرٌ إِلَى ابْتِيَاعِ الْعَرِيَّةِ الَّتِي هِيَ دَاخِلَةٌ فِي مَعْنَى مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ النَّهْيِ\n\n١١٢٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَهْيُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ تُبَاعَ الْعَرَايَا إِلَّا فِي خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ أَوْ دُونِهَا، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَخَّصَ فِيهَا لِمَنْ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ كَالْبُيُوعِ غَيْرُهُ كَانَ بَيْعُ خَمْسَةٍ وَدُونِهَا وَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا سَوَاءً، وَلَوْ كَانَ صَاحِبُ الْحَائِطِ الْمُرَخَّصِ لَهُ خَاصَّةً لِأَذَى الدَّاخِلِ عَلَيْهِ الَّذِي أَعْرَاهُ كَانَ أَذَى الدَّاخِلِ عَلَيْهِ فِي أَكْثَرَ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ مِثْلَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَذَاهُ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ ⦗١٠٣⦘.\n\n١١٢٨٢ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ. قَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَالْعَرَايَا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّجُلُ ثَمَرَ النَّخْلَةِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ بِخَرْصِهِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ، يَخْرُصُ الرُّطَبَ رُطَبًا ثُمَّ يُقَدِّرُ كَمْ يَنْقُصُ إِذَا يَبِسَ، ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِخَرْصِهِ تَمْرًا، فَإِنْ تَفَرَّقَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَقَابَضَا فَسَدَ الْبَيْعُ\n\n١١٢٨٣ - قَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَالْعَرَايَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَصْنَافٍ، هَذَا الَّذِي وَصَفْنَا أَحَدُهَا، وَجِمَاعُ الْعَرَايَا كُلُّ مَا أَفْرَدَ لِيَأْكُلَهُ خَاصَّةً، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي جُمْلَةِ الْبَيْعِ مِنْ ثَمَرِ الْحَائِطِ إِذَا بِيعَتْ جُمْلَتُهُ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ فِي الصِّنْفِ الثَّانِي أَنْ يُعْرِيَ الرَّجُلُ ثَمَرَ نَخْلَةٍ أَوْ نَخْلَتَيْنِ وَأَكْثَرَ يَأْكُلُهَا فِي مَعْنَى الْمِنْحَةِ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، وَذَكَرَ فِي الصِّنْفِ الثَّالِثِ أَنْ يُعْرِيَهُ النَّخْلَةَ وَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ حَائِطِهِ فَتَكُونَ هَذِهِ مُفْرَدَةٌ مِنَ الْمَبِيعِ مِنْهُ جُمْلَةً. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ ذَلِكَ","vol":"8","page":101},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-776>بَابُ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَوْفَى</span>","vol":"8","page":104},{"text":"١١٢٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنِ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا فَلَا يَبِعْهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ» ⦗١٠٥⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":104},{"text":"١١٢٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنِ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا فَلَا يَبِعْهُ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ","vol":"8","page":105},{"text":"١١٢٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" أَمَّا الَّذِي نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فَهُوَ الطَّعَامُ أَنْ يُبَاعَ حَتَّى يُسْتَوْفَى \". وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِرَأْيِهِ: وَلَا أَحْسِبُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"8","page":106},{"text":"١١٢٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ حَكِيمٌ: «كُنَّا نَشْتَرِي الطَّعَامَ، فَنَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَبِيعَ طَعَامًا حَتَّى أَقْبِضَهُ»","vol":"8","page":106},{"text":"١١٢٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَيْفِيِّ ⦗١٠٧⦘، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَلَمْ أُنَبَّأْ، أَوْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي، أَوْ كَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّكَ تَبِيعُ الطَّعَامَ؟»، فَقَالَ حَكِيمٌ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تَبِيعَنَّ طَعَامًا حَتَّى تَشْتَرِيَهُ وَتَسْتَوْفِيَهُ».\n\n١١٢٨٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ، ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِصْمَةَ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١١٢٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، يَعْنِي يَقُولُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، فَمَنِ ابْتَاعَ شَيْئًا كَائِنًا مَا كَانَ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَنْ بَاعَ مَا لَمْ يَقْبِضْ فَقَدْ دَخَلَ فِي الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي يَرْوِيهِ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لِعَتَّابِ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ حِينَ وَجَّهَهُ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ: «انْهَهُمْ عَنْ بَيْعِ مَا لَمْ يَقْبِضُوا، وَرِبْحِ مَا لَمْ يَضْمَنُوا».\n\n١١٢٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَهَذَا بَيْعُ مَا لَمْ يَقْبِضْ، وَرِبْحُ مَا لَمْ يَضْمَنْ","vol":"8","page":106},{"text":"١١٢٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْأَيْلِيُّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِعَتَّابِ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ ⦗١٠٨⦘.\n\n١١٢٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مِقْدَامُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٢٩٤ - وَيَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ هَذَا غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ،\n\n١١٢٩٥ - وَرُوِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"8","page":107},{"text":"١١٢٩٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: أَرْسَلَ عَتَّابَ بْنَ أُسَيْدٍ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ: «أَنْ أَبْلِغْهُمُ عَنِّي أَرْبَعَ خِصَالٍ، أَنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ شَرْطَانِ فِي بَيْعٍ، وَلَا بَيْعٌ وَسَلَفٌ، وَلَا بَيْعُ مَا لَمْ تَمْلِكْ، وَلَا رِبْحُ مَا لَمْ تَضْمَنْ».\n\n١١٢٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":108},{"text":"١١٢٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِصْمَةَ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي أَبْتَاعُ هَذِهِ الْبُيُوعَ، فَمَا يَحِلُّ لِي مِنْهَا، وَمَا يَحْرُمُ؟ قَالَ: «يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، لَا تَبِيعَنَّ شَيْئًا حَتَّى تَقْبِضَهُ»،\n\n١١٢٩٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَ بَيْعًا فَلَا تَبِعْهُ حَتَّى تَقْبِضَهُ»","vol":"8","page":108},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-777>قَبْضُ مَا يُنْقَلُ بِالنَّقْلِ</span>","vol":"8","page":109},{"text":"١١٣٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" مَنِ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا كَيْلًا فَقَبْضُهُ أَنْ يَكْتَالَهُ، وَمَنِ ابْتَاعَهُ جِزَافًا فَقَبْضُهُ أَنْ يَنْقُلَهُ مِنْ مَوْضِعِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مِثْلُهُ يُنْقَلُ،\n\n١١٣٠١ - وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَتَبَايَعُونَ الطَّعَامَ جِزَافًا، فَبَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِانْتِقَالِهِ مِنَ الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي ابْتَاعُوهُ فِيهِ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ غَيْرِهِ \".\n\n١١٣٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا لِئَلَّا يَبِيعُوهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْقُلُوهُ \"","vol":"8","page":109},{"text":"١١٣٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «كُنَّا نَبْتَاعُ الطَّعَامَ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَيَبْعَثُ عَلَيْنَا مَنْ يَأْمُرُنَا بِانْتِقَالِهِ مِنَ الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي ابْتَعْنَاهُ فِيهِ إِلَى مَكَانٍ سِوَاهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ نَبِيعَهُ».\n\n١١٣٠٤ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَمَنْ حَدِيثِ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ ذِكْرُ الْجِزَافِ ⦗١١٠⦘.\n\n١١٣٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَإِنْ قَالَ: أَكْتَالُهُ لِنَفْسِي وَخُذْهُ بِالْكَيْلِ الَّذِي حَضَرَتْ لَمْ يُجَزْ؛ لِأَنَّهُ بَاعَ كَيْلًا فَلَا يَبْرَأُ حَتَّى يَكِيلَهُ مِنْ مُشْتَرِيهِ وَيَكُونَ لَهُ زِيَادَتُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ نُقْصَانُهُ.\n\n١١٣٠٦ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ حَتَّى يَجْرِيَ فِيهِ الصَّاعَانِ، فَيَكُونُ لَهُ زِيَادَتُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ نُقْصَانُهُ","vol":"8","page":109},{"text":"١١٣٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ حَتَّى يَجْرِيَ فِيهِ الصَّاعَانِ صَاعُ الْبَائِعِ، وَصَاعُ الْمُشْتَرِي».\n\n١١٣٠٨ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْأَحْمَسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَعَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ.\n\n١١٣٠٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَرُوِيَ مَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ","vol":"8","page":110},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-778>بَيْعُ الْأَرْزَاقِ الَّتِي يُخْرِجُهَا السُّلْطَانُ قَبْلَ قَبْضِهَا</span>\n١١٣١٠ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا لَا يَرَيَانِ بِبَيْعِ الرِّزْقِ بَأْسًا.\n\n١١٣١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَخْرَجَ طَعَامًا تَمْرًا أَوْ غَيْرَهُ لِلنَّاسِ، فَبَاعَ النَّاسُ الصِّكَاكَ قَبْلَ قَبْضِهَا.","vol":"8","page":111},{"text":"١١٣١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ حَكِيمَ بْنَ حِزَامٍ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا أَمَرَ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِلنَّاسِ، فَبَاعَ حَكِيمٌ الطَّعَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ:  «لَا تَبِعْ طَعَامًا ابْتَعْتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْبِضَهُ».\n\n١١٣١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفِيَهُ.\n\n١١٣١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمْ يَنْهَ عُمَرُ حَكِيمًا عَنْ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ الطَّعَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَمَرَ لَهُمْ بِالْجَارِ وَهُوَ بِعَيْنِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا بَاعُوهُ بِصِفَةٍ وَلَمْ يَقْبِضُوهُ إِذْ كَانُوا مَلَكُوهُ بِلَا بَيْعٍ","vol":"8","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-779>أَخْذُ الْعِوَضِ عَنِ الثَّمَنِ الْمَوْصُوفِ فِي الذِّمَّةِ</span>\n١١٣١٥ - أَجَازَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَعَلَّقَ الْقَوْلَ فِيهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَأَبَاهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ\n\n١١٣١٦ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: جَوَازُهُ أَوْلَى بِهِ، وَالسُّنَّةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ.","vol":"8","page":112},{"text":"وَهُوَ فِيمَا\n\n١١٣١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ، الْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ الْإِبِلَ بِالْبَقِيعِ، فَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَآخُذُ الدَّرَاهِمَ، وَأَبِيعُ ⦗١١٣⦘ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَآخُذُ الدَّنَانِيرَ، آخِذُ هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ، وَأُعْطِي هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، رُوَيْدَكَ أَسْأَلُكُ، إِنِّي أَبِيعُ الْإِبِلَ بِالْبَقِيعِ، فَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَآخُذُ الدَّرَاهِمَ، وَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَآخُذُ الدَّنَانِيرَ، آخِذُ هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ وَأُعْطِي هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ بِسِعْرِ يَوْمِهَا مَا لَمْ تَفْتَرِقَا وَبَيْنَكُمَا شَيْءٌ».\n\n١١٣١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ","vol":"8","page":112},{"text":"١١٣١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ الْإِبِلَ بِبَقِيعِ الْغَرْقَدِ، فَكُنْتُ أَبِيعُ الْإِبِلَ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ فَآخُذُ الدَّرَاهِمَ، وَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فَآخُذُ الدَّنَانِيرَ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلْتُهُ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ حُجْرَتَهُ، فَأَخَذْتُ بِثَوْبِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُهُمَا بِالْآخَرِ فَلَا تَفْتَرِقَا»، أَوْ قَالَ: «لَا يُفَارِقُكَ وَبَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ بَيْعٌ».\n\n١١٣٢٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَمَّارُ بْنُ رُزَيْقٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ: كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ الْإِبِلَ بِالْبَقِيعِ فَيَجْتَمِعُ عِنْدِي مِنَ الدَّرَاهِمِ، فَأَبِيعُهَا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَيُعْطِينِيهَا الْغَدَ.\n\n١١٣٢١ - وَبِقَرِيبٍ مِنْ مَعْنَاهُ رُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، وَالْحَدِيثُ يَنْفَرِدُ بِرَفْعِهِ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ.\n\n١١٣٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ خِرَاشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيَّ، يَقُولُ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ شُعْبَةَ فَجَاءَهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ طَلِيقٍ وَأَبُو الرَّبِيعِ السَّمَّانُ، وَكَانَ خَالِدٌ الَّذِي سَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا بِسْطَامٍ حَدِّثْنَا بِحَدِيثِ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي اقْتِضَاءِ الْوَرِقِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ، وَالذَّهَبِ مِنَ الْوَرِقِ ⦗١١٤⦘.\n\n١١٣٢٣ - فَقَالَ شُعْبَةُ: عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ.\n\n١١٣٢٤ - وَحَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ.\n\n١١٣٢٥ - وَحَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ.\n\n١١٣٢٦ - وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ، وَرَفَعَهُ لَنَا سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَأَنَا أُفَرِّقُهُ","vol":"8","page":113},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-780>بَابُ بَيْعِ الْمُصَرَّاةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":115},{"text":"١١٣٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُصَرُّوا الْإِبِلَ وَالْغَنَمَ، وَإِنِ ابْتَاعَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَحْلُبَهَا، إِنْ رَضِيَهَا أَمْسَكَهَا، وَإِنْ سَخِطَهَا رَدَّهَا وَصَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ» ⦗١١٦⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":115},{"text":"١١٣٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُصَرُّوا الْإِبِلَ وَالْغَنَمَ، فَمَنِ ابْتَاعَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَحْلُبَهَا، إِنْ رَضِيَهَا أَمْسَكَهَا، وَإِنْ سَخِطَهَا رَدَّهَا وَصَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ»","vol":"8","page":116},{"text":"١١٣٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ:  «لَا تُصَرُّوا الْإِبِلَ وَالْغَنَمَ لِلْبَيْعِ».\n\n١١٣٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١١٣٣١ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: «فَمَنِ ابْتَاعَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"8","page":116},{"text":"١١٣٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ح\n\n١١٣٣٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ ⦗١١٧⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنِ اشْتَرَى مُصَرَّاةً فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ، إِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَهَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ رَدَّهَا وَصَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، لَا سَمْرَاءَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ","vol":"8","page":116},{"text":"١١٣٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَبَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ، عَنْ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنِ اشْتَرَى شَاةً مُصَرَّاةً فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فَإِنْ شَاءَ رَدَّهَا وَرَدَّ مَعَهَا صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ لَا سَمْرَاءَ».\n\n١١٣٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُرَّةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٣٣٦ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ: صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، وَالتَّمْرُ أَكْثَرُ.\n\n١١٣٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْمُرَادُ بِالطَّعَامِ الْمَذْكُورِ فِيهِ: التَّمْرُ","vol":"8","page":117},{"text":"فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ، وَهِشَامٌ، وَحَبِيبٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنِ اشْتَرَى شَاةً مُصَرَّاةً فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، إِنْ شَاءَ رَدَّهَا وَصَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ لَا سَمْرَاءَ».\n\n١١٣٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ ⦗١١٨⦘،\n\n١١٣٣٩ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ: صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ لَا سَمْرَاءَ.\n\n١١٣٤٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جُمَيْعِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «رَدَّ مَعَهَا مِثْلَ، أَوْ قَالَ مَثَلِي لَبَنِهَا قَمْحًا».\n\n١١٣٤١ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ","vol":"8","page":117},{"text":"١١٣٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «مَنِ ابْتَاعَ مُصَرَّاةً فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ، إِنْ شَاءَ رَدَّهَا وَصَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ».\n\n١١٣٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ، وَبِهَذَا مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ، وَهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَجَّلَهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ رَدُّهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ أَخَذَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا.\n\n١١٣٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمُصَرَّاةِ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ، وَقَدْ رَفَعَهُ أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَرَفْعُهُ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ: صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ","vol":"8","page":118},{"text":"١١٣٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: \" لَبَنُ التَّصْرِيَةِ مَبِيعٌ مَعَ الشَّاةِ، وَكَانَ فِي مِلْكِ الْبَائِعِ، فَإِذَا حَلَبَهُ ثُمَّ أَرَادَ رَدَّهَا بِعَيْبِ التَّصْرِيَةِ رَدَّهَا وَصَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ كَثُرَ اللَّبَنُ أَوْ قَلَّ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ وَقَّتَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بَعْدَ أَنْ جَمَعَ فِيهِ بَيْنَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ، وَالْعِلْمُ يُحِيطُ أَنَّ أَلْبَانَهَا مُخْتَلِفَةٌ، وَاللَّبَنُ بَعْدَهُ حَادِثٌ فِي مِلْكِ الْمُشْتَرِي، لَمْ تَقَعْ عَلَيْهِ صَفْقَةُ الْبَيْعِ كَمَا حَدَثَ الْخَرَاجُ فِي مِلْكِهِ، وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ قَضَى أَنَّ الْخَرَاجَ بِالضَّمَانِ» ⦗١١٩⦘.\n\n١١٣٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: زَعَمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْحَدِيثَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ حِينَ كَانَتِ الْعُقُوبَاتُ فِي الذُّنُوبِ يُؤْخَذُ بِهَا الْأَمْوَالُ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَتِ الْعُقُوبَاتُ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ بِالْمَعَاصِي، فَصَارَ هَذَا أَيْضًا مَنْسُوخًا، وَهَذَا مِنْهُ تَوَهُّمٌ، وَسِعْرُ اللَّبَنِ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْحَدِيثِ أَرْخَصُ مِنْ سِعْرِ التَّمْرِ، وَالتَّصْرِيَةُ وُجِدَتْ مِنَ الْبَائِعِ لَا مِنَ الْمُشْتَرِي، فَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْعُقُوبَةِ لَأَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ عَلَى الْمُشْتَرِي بِلَا شَيْءٍ أَوْ بِمَا يَنْقُصُ عَنْ قِيمَةِ اللَّبَنِ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ، لَا بِمَا قَدْ يَكُونُ قِيمَتُهُ مِثْلَ قِيمَةِ اللَّبَنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ بِكَثِيرٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَلْزَمُهُ رَدُّ مَا كَانَ مَوْجُودًا حَالَ الْبَيْعِ، دُونَ مَا حَدَثَ بَعْدَهُ، وَهَلَّا جَعَلَهُ شَبِيهًا بِقَضَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْجَنِينِ بِغُرَّةِ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أُمَّةٍ حِينَ لَمْ يُوقَفْ عَلَى حَدِّهِ، فَقَضَى فِيهِ بِأَمْرٍ يُنْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ، كَذَلِكَ لَبَنُ التَّصْرِيَةِ اخْتَلَطَ بِالْحَادِثِ بَعْدَهُ، لَا يُوقَفُ حَدُّهُ، فَقُضِيَ فِيهِ بِأَمْرٍ يُنْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ مَنْ أَخْبَرَهُ بِأَنَّ قَضَاءَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمُصَرَّاةِ كَانَ قَبْلَ نَسْخِ الْعُقُوبَاتِ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ حَتَّى يَجْعَلَهُ مَنْسُوخًا مَعَهَا، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ أَوَاخِرِ مَنْ صَحِبَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَحَمَلَ خَبَرَ التَّصْرِيَةِ عَنْهُ فِي آخِرِ عُمُرِهِ،\n\n١١٣٤٧ - وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَفْتَى بِهِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا مُخَالِفَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، فَلَوْ صَارَ إِلَى قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَعَهُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ الثَّابِتَةِ الَّتِي لَا مُعَارِضَ لَهَا كَانَ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْ دَعْوَى النَّسْخِ فِي أَخْبَارِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالتَّوَهُّمِ، وَأَعْجَبُ مِنْ هَذَا أَنَّ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ يَحْكِي مَا ذَكَرْنَا عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، ثُمَّ يَدَّعِي خَبَرَ الْمُصَرَّاةِ بِأَنَّ الْمُشْتَرِيَ مَلَكَ لَبَنًا دَيْنًا بِصَاعِ تَمْرٍ دَيْنٍ، فَقَدْ حَلَّ ذَلِكَ مَحِلَّ بَيْعِ الدَّيْنِ بِالدَّيْنِ، ثُمَّ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنْ بَعْدِ عَنْ بَيْعِ الدَّيْنِ بِالدَّيْنِ،\n\n١١٣٤٨ - وَرُوِيَ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ الرَّبَذِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْكَالِئِ بِالْكَالِئِ \". فَصَارَ ذَلِكَ مَنْسُوخًا بِهِ، وَهَذَا مِنَ الضَّرْبِ الَّذِي تُغْنِي حِكَايَتُهُ عَنْ جَوَابِهِ، أَيُّ بَيْعٍ جَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا عَلَى اللَّبَنِ بِالتَّمْرِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ بَيْعَ دَيْنٍ بِدَيْنٍ، وَمَنْ أَتْلَفَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ شَيْئًا فَالْمُتْلِفُ غَيْرُ حَاضِرٍ، وَالَّذِي يَلْزَمُهُ مِنَ الضَّمَانِ غَيْرُ حَاضِرٍ، فَيُجْعَلُ دَيْنًا بِدَيْنٍ حَتَّى لَا يُوجِبَ ⦗١٢٠⦘ الضَّمَانَ وَيْعِدلُ عَنْ إِيجَابِ الضَّمَانِ إِلَى حُكْمٍ آخَرَ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ مَا حَلَبَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ حَاضِرًا عِنْدَهُ فِي آنِيَتِهِ، أَفَيَحِلُّ ذَلِكَ مَحِلَّ الدَّيْنِ بِالدَّيْنِ، أَوْ يَكُونُ خَارِجًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ؟ لَوْ كَانَ يُصَرِّحُ بِنَسْخِ حَدِيثِ الْمُصَرَّاةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ حَجَّةٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، فَكَيْفَ وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ مِمَّا تَوَهَّمَهُ قَائِلُ هَذَا شَيْءٌ، وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ","vol":"8","page":118},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-781>بَابُ الْخَرَاجِ بِالضَّمَانِ وَالرَّدِ بِالْعُيُوبِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ</span>","vol":"8","page":121},{"text":"١١٣٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ خُفَافٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗١٢٢⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى: «أَنَّ الْخَرَاجَ بِالضَّمَانِ»","vol":"8","page":121},{"text":"١١٣٥٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ».\n\n١١٣٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَأَحْسِبُ، بَلْ لَا أَشُكُّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، أَنَّ مُسْلِمًا فَسَّرَ الْحَدِيثَ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ابْتَاعَ عَبْدًا وَاسْتَغَلَّهُ، ثُمَّ ظَهَرَ مِنْهُ عَلَى عَيْبٍ فَقَضَى لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْعَيْبِ، فَقَالَ الْمَقْضِيُّ عَلَيْهِ: قَدِ اسْتَغَلَّهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ».\n\n١١٣٥٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، كَمَا حَسَبُهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"8","page":122},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗١٢٣⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ غُلَامًا فِي زَمَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ رَدَّهُ مِنْ عَيْبٍ وَجَدَهُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ حِينَ رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ الْغُلَامُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَسْتَغِلُّ غُلَامِي مُنْذُ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ». وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ،\n\n١١٣٥٣ - وَقَدْ وَثَّقَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ مُسْلِمًا. وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الزَّنْجِيِّ؟ فَقَالَ: ثِقَةٌ،\n\n١١٣٥٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الدَّارِمِيِّ عَنْهُ","vol":"8","page":122},{"text":"١١٣٥٥ - وَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ».\n\n١١٣٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مِيكَالَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ عَبْدَانَ الْجَوَالِيقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ يَحْيَى بْنُ خَلَفٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٣٥٧ - رَوَاهُ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلَفٍ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَذَكَرَهُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيِّ فَكَأَنَّهُ أَعْجَبَهُ،\n\n١١٣٥٨ - وَفِيمَا رَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: هُوَ فِي كِتَابِي بِخَطِّي، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ","vol":"8","page":123},{"text":"١١٣٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ خُفَافٍ قَالَ: ابْتَعْتُ غُلَامًا فَاسْتَغْلَلْتُهُ، ثُمَّ ظَهَرْتُ مِنْهُ عَلَى عَيْبٍ، فَخَاصَمْتُهُ فِيهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَقَضَى لَهُ بِرَدِّهِ، وَقَضَى عَلَيَّ بِرَدِّ غَلَّتِهِ، فَأَتَيْتُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: أَرُوحُ إِلَيْهِ الْعَشِيَّةَ فَأُخْبِرْهُ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَخْبَرَتْنِي، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: قَضَى فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا: «أَنَّ الْخَرَاجَ بِالضَّمَانِ». فَعَجِلْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ مَا أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: فَمَا أَيْسَرَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ قَضَاءِ قَضَيْتُهُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي لَمْ أُرَدْ فِيْهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ فَبَلَغَنِي فِيهِ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرُدَّ قَضَاءَ عُمَرَ، وَأُنْفِذُ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرَاحَ إِلَيْهِ عُرْوَةُ فَقَضَى لِي أَنْ آخُذَ الْخَرَاجَ مِنَ الَّذِي قَضَى بِهِ عَلَيَّ لَهُ.\n\n١١٣٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَحَدِيثُ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَتَمُّ.\n\n١١٣٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَاسْتَدْلَلْنَا إِذَا كَانَتِ الْغَلَّةُ لَمْ تَقَعْ عَلَيْهَا الصَّفْقَةُ فَيَكُونُ لَهَا حِصَّةٌ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ وَكَانَتْ فِي مِلْكِ الْمُشْتَرِي فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي لَوْ مَاتَ فِيهِ الْعَبْدُ مَاتَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُشْتَرِي، إِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَهَا لَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهَا حَادِثَةٌ فِي مِلْكِهِ وَضَمَانِهِ، فَقُلْنَا كَذَلِكَ فِي ثَمَرِ النَّخْلِ وَلَبَنِ الْمَاشِيَةِ وَصُوفِهَا وَأَوْلَادِهَا وَوَلَدِ الْجَارِيَةِ وَكُلِّ مَا حَدَثَ فِي مِلْكِ الْمُشْتَرِي وَضَمَانِهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ وَطْءُ الْأَمَةِ الثَّيِّبِ وَخِدْمَتِهَا، فَاحْتَجَّ مَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِي وَطْءِ الْأَمَةِ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ بِحَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١١٣٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَيَثْبُتُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ؟ قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ، لَا ⦗١٢٥⦘.\n\n١١٣٦٣ - قَالَ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بِرَدِّهَا وَذَكَرَ عَشْرًا. أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١١٣٦٤ - قُلْتُ: وَثَبَتَ عَنْ عُمَرَ؟ قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ: لَا، قُلْتُ: وَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ تَحْتَجُّ بِمَا لَمْ يَثْبُتْ وَأَنْتَ تُخَالِفُ عُمَرَ لَوْ كَانَ قَالَهُ؟","vol":"8","page":124},{"text":"١١٣٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً فَوَطِئَهَا، فَوَجَدَ بِهَا عَيْبًا قَالَ: «لَزِمَتْهُ، وَيَرُدُّ الْبَائِعُ مَا بَيْنَ الصِّحَّةِ وَالدَّاءِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ وَطِئَهَا رَدَّهَا».\n\n١١٣٦٦ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَبَيْنَ جَدِّهِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁، وَرُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ أَبِيهِ فِيهِ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ، رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَيَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ، وَحَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ مُرْسَلًا، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جُوَيْبِرٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَجُوَيْبِرُ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ","vol":"8","page":125},{"text":"١١٣٦٧ - وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «إِنْ كَانَتْ ثَيِّبًا رَدَّ مَعَهَا نِصْفَ الْعُشْرِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِكْرًا رَدَّ الْعُشْرَ». وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، عَامِرٌ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُمَرَ","vol":"8","page":125},{"text":"١١٣٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ،: «أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ جَارِيَةً، فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ لَهَا زَوْجًا، فَرَدَّهَا»","vol":"8","page":125},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-782>الشَّرْطُ فِي مَالِ الْعَبْدِ إِذَا بِيعَ</span>","vol":"8","page":126},{"text":"١١٣٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا لَهُ مَالٌ، فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١١٣٧٠ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"8","page":126},{"text":"وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: «مَنِ ابْتَاعَ نَخْلًا بَعْدَ أَنْ تُؤَبَّرَ فَثَمَرَتُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ». فَرَوَاهُمَا جَمِيعًا سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗١٢٧⦘،\n\n١١٣٧١ - وَخَالَفَهُ نَافِعٌ، فَرَوَى قِصَّةَ النَّخْلِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقِصَّةَ الْعَبْدِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁، فَكَانَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ يَقُولُونَ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ سَالِمٌ أَحْفَظَ مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ الْبُخَارِيُّ يَرَاهُمَا جَمِيعًا صَحِيحْيَنِ","vol":"8","page":126},{"text":"١١٣٧٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: قِصَّةُ الْعَبْدِ أَيْضًا، مِنْهُمْ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ رَبِّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى،\n\n١١٣٧٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ مَالٌ، فَمَالُهُ لَهُ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ السَّيِّدُ مَالَهُ فَيَكُونَ لَهُ».\n\n١١٣٧٤ - وَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ رِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ","vol":"8","page":127},{"text":"١١٣٧٥ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِمَمْلُوكٍ لَهُ: \" مَا مَالُكَ يَا عُمَيْرُ؟ فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُعْتِقَكَ، وَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا فَمَالُهُ لِلَّذِي أَعْتَقَ».\n\n١١٣٧٦ - وَرُوِي عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ أَعْتَقَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَا إِنَّ مَالَكَ لِي، ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ»،\n\n١١٣٧٧ - وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":127},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-783>عُهْدَةُ الرَّقِيقِ</span>","vol":"8","page":128},{"text":"١١٣٧٨ - رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حِكَايَةِ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُهْدَةِ السَّنَةِ، وَعُهْدَةِ الثَّلَاثِ، فَقَالَ:  «مَا عَلِمْتُ فِيهَا أَمْرًا سَالِفًا»","vol":"8","page":128},{"text":"١١٣٧٩ - وَفِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَالرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى الْعُهْدَةَ شَيْئًا، لَا ثَلَاثًا وَلَا أَقَلَّ وَلَا أَكْثَرَ»","vol":"8","page":128},{"text":"١١٣٨٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي مَا مَضَى عُهْدَةٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ، لَا مِنْ هَيَامٍ وَلَا مِنْ جُذَامٍ، وَلَا شَيْءٍ». فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ؟ قَالَ: لَا شَيْءَ إِذَا ابْتَاعَهُ صَحِيحًا، لَا أَرَى إِلَّا ذَلِكَ، اللَّهُ يُحْدِثُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِبَيِّنَةٍ عَلَى شَيْءٍ كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ نَرَى الْأَمْرَ الْآنَ \". وَأَنَا أَظُنُّهُ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"8","page":128},{"text":"١١٣٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «عُهْدَةُ الرَّقِيقِ ثَلَاثُ لَيَالٍ»، وَقِيلَ: أَرْبَعَ لَيَالٍ.\n\n١١٣٨٢ - وَكَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ لَا يُثْبِتُونَ سَمَاعَ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ، فَهُوَ إِذًا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١١٣٨٣ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١١٣٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْخَبَرُ فِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: جَعَلَ لِحِبَّانَ بْنِ مُنْقِذٍ عُهْدَةَ ثَلَاثٍ: خَاصٌّ","vol":"8","page":129},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-784>التَّدْلِيسُ وَالْخَدِيعَةُ فِي الْبَيْعِ حَرَامٌ</span>","vol":"8","page":130},{"text":"١١٣٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: مَرَّ بِرَجَلٍ يَبِيعُ طَعَامًا فَأَعْجَبَهُ، فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِيهِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ طَعَامٌ مَبْلُولٌ، فَقَالَ:  «لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ غَشَّنَا». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ","vol":"8","page":130},{"text":"١١٣٨٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ⦗١٣١⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا ذَكَرَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ يُخْدَعُ فِي الْبَيْعِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِذَا بَايَعْتَ، فَقُلْ: لَا خِلَابَةَ \". قَالَ: وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا ابْتَاعَ يَقُولُ: لَا خِلَابَةَ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ أَوْجُهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ","vol":"8","page":130},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-785>بَابُ بَيْعِ الْبَرَاءَةِ</span>\n١١٣٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إِذَا بَاعَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَبْدَ أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِنَ الْعُيُوبِ، فَالَّذِي نَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ قَضَاءُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ: «أَنَّهُ بَرِئَ مِنْ كُلِّ عَيْبٍ لَمْ يَعْلَمْهُ، وَلَمْ يَبْرَأْ مِنْ عَيْبٍ عَلِمَهُ وَلَمْ يُسَمِّهِ».","vol":"8","page":132},{"text":"١١٣٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بَاعَ غُلَامًا لَهُ بِثَمَانِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَبَاعَهُ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ، فَقَالَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: بِالْغُلَامِ دَاءٌ لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ، فَاخْتَصَمَا إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: بَاعَنِي عَبْدًا وَبِهِ دَاءٌ لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ لِي، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: بِعْتُهُ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ، فَقَضَى عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْيَمِينِ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ لَهُ: لَقَدْ بَاعَهُ الْغُلَامَ وَمَا بِهِ دَاءٌ يَعْلَمُهُ، فَأَبَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ لَهُ، وَارْتَجَعَ الْعَبْدَ، فَبَاعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِأَلْفٍ وَخَمْسِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ \".\n\n١١٣٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَرَيَانِ الْبَرَاءَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ عَيْبٍ جَائِزَةٌ. وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْهُمَا، وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ عَلَى شَرِيكٍ ⦗١٣٣⦘،\n\n١١٣٩٠ - وَكَانَ شُرَيْحٌ لَا يُبْرِئُ مِنَ الدَّاءِ حَتَّى يُرِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ،\n\n١١٣٩١ - وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: هُوَ بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا سَمَّى","vol":"8","page":132},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-786>بَابُ الْمُرَابَحَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":134},{"text":"١١٣٩٢ - أَجَازَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَيْعَ الْمُرَابَحَةِ،\n\n١١٣٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَحْرٍ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ، لَهُمْ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ ﵁ إِزَارًا غَلِيظًا، فَقَالَ: «اشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِخَمْسَةِ دَرَاهِمٍ، فَمَنْ أَرْبَحَنِي فِيهِ دِرْهَمًا بِعْتُهُ».\n\n١١٣٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ﵁","vol":"8","page":134},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-787>بَابُ الرَّجُلِ يَبِيعُ الشَيْءَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيهِ بِأَقَلَّ</span>","vol":"8","page":135},{"text":"١١٣٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَمَنْ بَاعَ سِلْعَةً مِنَ السِّلَعِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَقَبِضَهَا الْمُشْتَرِي فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا مِنَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْهُ بِأَقَلَّ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ وَأَكْثَرَ أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَنَقْدٍ؛ لِأَنَّهَا بَيْعَةٌ غَيْرُ الْبَيْعَةِ الْأُولَى ⦗١٣٦⦘.\n\n١١٣٩٦ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: لَا يَشْتَرِيهَا الْبَائِعُ بِأَقَلَّ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ الْقِيَاسَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ، وَلَكَنَّهُ زَعَمَ تَبَعَ الْأَثَرَ، وَمَحْمُودٌ مِنْهُ أَنْ يَتْبَعَ الْأَثَرَ الصَّحِيحَ، فَلَمَّا سُئِلَ عَنِ الْأَثَرِ إِذَا هُوَ: أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ عَالِيَةَ بِنْتِ أَيْفَعَ أَنَّهَا دَخَلَتْ مَعَ امْرَأَةِ أَبِي السَّفَرِ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَذَكَرَتْ لِعَائِشَةَ بَيْعًا بَاعَتْهُ مِنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ بِكَذَا أَوْ كَذَا إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ، ثُمَّ اشْتَرَتْهُ مِنْهُ بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ نَقْدًا، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: بِئْسَ مَا شَرَيْتِ، وَبِئْسَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتِ، أَخْبِرِي زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أَبْطَلَ جِهَادَهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتُوبَ.\n\n١١٣٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَيَثْبُتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ؟ فَقَالَ: أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ رَوَاهُ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ. قِيلَ: فَتُعْرَفُ امْرَأَتُهُ بِشَيْءٍ يَثْبُتُ بِهِ حَدِيثُهَا؟ فَمَا عَلِمْتُهُ قَالَ شَيْئًا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: تُرَدَّ حَدِيثَ بُسْرَةَ بِنْتِ صَفْوَانَ مُهَاجِرَةٍ مَعْرُوفَةٍ بِالْفَضْلِ بِأَنْ تَقُولَ حَدِيثَ امْرَأَةٍ، وَتَحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِ امْرَأَةٍ لَيْسَتْ عِنْدَكَ مِنْهَا مَعْرِفَةٌ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا رَوَى عَنْهَا،\n\n١١٣٩٨ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ تَكُونُ عَائِشَةُ لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا عَنْهَا عَابَتْ عَلَيْهِ بَيْعًا إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَجَلٌ غَيْرُ مَعْلُومٍ\n\n١١٣٩٩ - قَالَ: وَلَوِ اخْتَلَفَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي شَيْءٍ كَانَ أَصْلُ مَا نَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّا نَأْخُذُ بِقَوْلِ الَّذِي مَعَهُ الْقِيَاسُ، وَالَّذِي مَعَهُ الْقِيَاسُ قَوْلُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ،\n\n١١٤٠٠ - وَجُمْلَةُ هَذَا أَنَّا لَا نُثْبِتُ مِثْلَهُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ لَا يَبِيعُ إِلَّا مَا يَرَاهُ حَلَالًا وَلَا يَبْتَاعُ إِلَّا مِثْلَهُ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا بَاعَ شَيْئًا أَوِ ابْتَاعَهُ نَرَاهُ نَحْنُ مُحَرَّمًا وَهُوَ يَرَاهُ حَلَالًا لَمْ يَزْعُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُحْبِطُ بِهِ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ شَيْئًا \" ⦗١٣٧⦘.\n\n١١٤٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْأَثَرُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ الْعَالِيَةَ بِنْتِ أَيْفَعَ أَنَّهَا دَخَلَتْ مَعَ أُمِّ مُحِبَّةَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، وَالْعَالِيَةُ هَذِهِ لَمْ يَرْوِ عَنْهَا غَيْرُ زَوْجِهَا وَابْنُهَا،\n\n١١٤٠٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَشُرَيْحٍ أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَرَيَا بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا","vol":"8","page":135},{"text":"١١٤٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَلَّفَ فِي سَبَايِبَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهَا، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَكَ الْوَرِقُ، وَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ \".\n\n١١٤٠٤ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: سَبَائِكَ\n\n١١٤٠٥ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: ذَلِكَ فِيمَا نَرَى لِأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهَا لِلَّذِي اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْهُ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهَا بِهِ، وَلَوْ بَاعَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِبَيْعِهِ بَأْسٌ.\n\n١١٤٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَيْسَ هَذَا قَوْلَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَلَا تَأْوِيلَ حَدِيثِهِ،\n\n١١٤٠٧ - ثُمَّ رَوَى حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ حَتَّى يُقْبَضَ، وَقَوْلَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِرَأْيِهِ: وَلَا أَحْسِبُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا مِثْلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: بِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ نَأْخُذُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا بَاعَ شَيْئًا وَاشْتَرَاهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهُ فَقَدْ بَاعَ مَضْمُونًا لَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ ⦗١٣٨⦘ بِأَصْلِ الْبَيْعِ، وَأَكَلَ رِبْحَ مَا لَمْ يَضْمَنْ، وَخَالَفْتُمُوهُ فَأَجَزْتُمْ بَيْعَ مَا لَمْ يُقْبَضْ سِوَى الطَّعَامِ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي ابْتِيعَ مِنْهُ، وَلَا أَعْلَمُ بَيْنَ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي ابْتِيعَ مِنْهُ وَبَيْنَ غَيْرِهِ فَرْقًا. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ.\n\n١١٤٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هُوَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ:\n\n١١٤٠٩ - سَبَايِبُ: وَالسَّبَايِبُ: الْمَقَانِعُ","vol":"8","page":137},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-788>بَابُ اخْتِلَافِ الْمُتَبَايِعَيْنِ</span>","vol":"8","page":139},{"text":"١١٤١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْبَيِّعَانِ فَالْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ الْبَائِعُ، وَالْمُبْتَاعُ بِالْخِيَارِ» ⦗١٤٠⦘.\n\n١١٤١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ، لَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا يَصِلُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ","vol":"8","page":139},{"text":"١١٤١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأُمَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَضَرْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلَانِ تَبَايَعَا سِلْعَةً، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: أَخَذْتُ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: بِعْتُ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: أُتِيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا، قَالَ: «حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا، فَأَمَرَ الْبَائِعَ أَنْ يُسْتَحْلَفَ ثُمَّ يُخَيَّرَ الْمُبْتَاعُ، إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ».\n\n١١٤١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١١٤١٤ - قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أُخْبِرْتُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: وَقَالَ حَجَّاجٌ الْأَعْوَرُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ.\n\n١١٤١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: هَذَا هُوَ الصَّوَابُ،\n\n١١٤١٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، كَمَا قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ: وَرِوَايَةُ هِشَامِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ وَحَجَّاجٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَصَحُّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١١٤١٧ - وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُرْسَلٌ: أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِيهِ شَيْئًا","vol":"8","page":140},{"text":"١١٤١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْبَيِّعَانِ وَالْبَيْعُ قَائِمٌ بِعَيْنِهِ وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ، فَالْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ الْبَائِعُ أَوْ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْبَيْعَ».\n\n١١٤١٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عُمَيْسٍ، وَمَعْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، وَأَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُنْقَطِعًا، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ: «وَالْمَبِيعُ قَائِمٌ بِعَيْنِهِ»، وَابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى كَانَ كَثِيرَ الْوَهْمِ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَتْنِ، وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ لَا يَقْبَلُونَ مِنْهُ مَا يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ لِكَثْرَةِ أَوْهَامِهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"8","page":141},{"text":"١١٤٢٠ - وَأَصَحُّ إِسْنَادٍ رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي الْعُمَيْسِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: اشْتَرَى الْأَشْعَثُ رَقِيقًا مِنْ رَقِيقِ الْخُمُسِ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِعِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا، فَذَكَرَ اخْتِلَافَهُمَا فِي الثَّمَنِ، فَقَالَ الْأَشْعَثُ: أَنْتَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْبَيِّعَانِ وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ، فَهُوَ مَا يَقُولُهُ رَبُّ السِّلْعَةِ أَوْ يَتَتَارَكَانِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِي الْعُمَيْسِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":141},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-789>بَابُ الشَّرْطِ الَّذِي يُفْسِدُ الْبَيْعَ</span>","vol":"8","page":142},{"text":"١١٤٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ بَرِيرَةَ قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي النَّاسِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَمَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ، قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ، وَشَرْطُهُ أَوْثَقُ، وَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ». مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحْيَنِ.\n\n١١٤٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ: وَإِذَا بَاعَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ الْعَبْدَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَبِيعَهُ أَوْ عَلَى أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ، أَوْ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَسْتَخْدِمَهُ، فَالْبَيْعُ فَاسِدٌ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ الشَّرْطُ فِي هَذَا إِلَّا فِي مَوْضِعٍ وَاحِدٍ وَهُوَ الْعِتْقُ، اتِّبَاعَا لِلسُّنَّةِ، وِلِفِرَاقِ الْعِتْقِ لِمَا سِوَاهُ.","vol":"8","page":142},{"text":"١١٤٢٣ - وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً فَتُعْتِقَهَا، فَقَالَ أَهْلُهَا: نَبِيعُكِهَا عَلَى أَنَّ وَلَاءَهَا لَنَا، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ، إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":143},{"text":"١١٤٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ الشَّاةَ وَيَسْتَثْنِيَ شَيْئًا جَلْدًا وَلَا غَيْرَهُ فِي سَفَرٍ وَلَا حَضَرٍ، وَلَوْ كَانَ الْحَدِيثُ يَثْبُتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي السَّفَرِ، أَجَزْنَاهُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ، فَإِنْ تَبَايَعَا عَلَى هَذَا فَالْبَيْعُ بَاطِلٌ،\n\n١١٤٢٥ - وَقَالَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ وَالرَّبِيعِ فِي الْإِجَارَاتِ: وَكُلُّ شَرْطٍ فِي بَيْعٍ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُقْبِضَ الْيَوْمَ فَلَا يَجُوزُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَصِحَّ حَدِيثُ جَابِرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الشَّرْطِ فِي الْبَيْعِ \"","vol":"8","page":143},{"text":"١١٤٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ نُسَيْرِ بْنِ ذُعْلُوقٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ رَاشِدٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا بَاعَ نَجِيبَةً، أَوْ قَالَ: أَنْجِبَةً، أَنَا أَشُكُّ، وَاشْتَرَطَ ثُنْيَاهَا فَرَغِبَ مِنْهَا، فَاخْتَصَمَا إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: اذْهَبَا بِهَا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «اذْهَبَا بِهَا إِلَى السُّوقِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَقْصَى ثَمَنِهَا، فَأَعْطُوهُ حِسَابَ ثُنْيَاهَا مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا».\n\n١١٤٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، وَهُمْ يُثْبِتُونَهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَهَذَا أَوْرَدَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْإِلْزَامِ فِيمَا خَالِفُوا عَلِيًّا، وَثُنْيَاهَا: قَوَائِمُهَا وَرَأْسُهَا ⦗١٤٤⦘. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ نُسَيْرِ بْنِ ذُعْلُوقٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ رَاشِدٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":143},{"text":"١١٤٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، ح.\n\n١١٤٢٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَابِرٌ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسِيرُ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهُ قَدْ أَعْيَا، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُسَيِّبَهُ قَالَ: فَلَحِقَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَدَعَا لِي وَضَرَبَهُ فَسَارَ سَيْرًا لَمْ يَسِرْ مِثْلَهُ، فَقَالَ: «بِعْنِيهِ بِأُوقِيَّةٍ»، قُلْتُ: لَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «بِعْنِيهِ»، فَبِعْتُهُ بِأُوقِيَّةٍ، وَاسْتَثْنَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ حُمْلَانَهُ إِلَى أَهْلِي، فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُ أَتَيْتُهُ بِالْجَمَلِ فَنَقَدَ لِي ثَمَنَهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ فَأَرْسَلَ فِي أَثْرِي، فَقَالَ: «أَتُرَانِي مَاكَسْتُكَ لِآخُذَ جَمَلَكَ، خُذْ جَمَلَكَ وَدَرَاهِمَكَ فَهُوَ لَكَ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرِ،\n\n١١٤٣٠ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي أَلْفَاظِهِ، فَمِنْهَا مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى الشَّرْطِ، وَمِنْهَا مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَفَضُّلًا وَمَعْرُوفًا بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ.","vol":"8","page":144},{"text":"١١٤٣١ - فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ رِوَايَةُ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ ⦗١٤٥⦘، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «بِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَمَلًا وَأَفْقَرَنِي ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ». وَقَالَ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «أَفْقَرْنَاكَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ».\n\n١١٤٣٢ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n١١٤٣٣ - وَالْإِفْقَارُ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ إِعَارَةُ الظَّهْرِ لِلرُّكُوبِ،\n\n١١٤٣٤ - وَقَوْلُهُ فِي آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ: «أَتُرَانِي مَاكَسْتُكَ لِآخُذَ جَمَلَكَ» يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ عَزْمِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ عَقْدًا لَازِمًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،","vol":"8","page":144},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-790>بَابُ النَّهْيِ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ وَثَمَنِ عَسْبِ الْفَحْلِ</span>","vol":"8","page":146},{"text":"١١٤٣٥ - كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح،\n\n١١٤٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ». هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ،\n\n١١٤٣٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مَوْصُولًا، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"8","page":146},{"text":"١١٤٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ عَسْبِ الْفَحْلِ».\n\n١١٤٣٩ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدِ","vol":"8","page":146},{"text":"١١٤٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْكُوفِيُّ بِمِصْرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗١٤٧⦘ عَبْدُ الْغَنِيِّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ الْبَجَلِيُّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ ثَمَنِ عَسْبِ الْفَحْلِ».\n\n١١٤٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ\n\n١١٤٤٢ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١١٤٤٣ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: «عَنْ بَيْعِ ضِرَابِ الْجَمَلِ»","vol":"8","page":146},{"text":"١١٤٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نُعْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: «نُهِيَ عَنْ عَسْبِ الْفَحْلِ، وَعَنْ قَفِيزِ الطَّحَّانِ».\n\n١١٤٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِنَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ فِي فَسَادِ بَيْعِ الْآبِقِ وَالضَّالَّةِ وَكُلِّ مَا عَقَدَ عَلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مَرَّةً بَيْعًا، وَمَرَّةً لَا بَيْعَ\n\n١١٤٤٦ - قَالَ: وَمِمَّا يَدْخُلُ فِي مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ عَبْدَ رَجُلٍ أَوْ دَارَهُ أَوْ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَتَاعِهِ وَلَمْ يُوَكِّلْهُ بِبَيْعِهِ ⦗١٤٨⦘،\n\n١١٤٤٧ - وَفِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ: وَإِنْ صَحَّ حَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ الْبَارِقِيِّ، فَكُلُّ مَنْ بَاعَ أَوْ أَعْتَقَ ثُمَّ رَضِيَ فَالْبَيْعُ وَالْعِتْقُ جَائِزَانِ","vol":"8","page":147},{"text":"١١٤٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ بْنِ غَرْقَدَةَ، سَمِعَ قَوْمَهَ، يُحَدِّثُونَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ الْبَارِقِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: أَعْطَاهُ دِينَارًا لِيَشْتَرِيَ لَهُ شَاةً لِلْأُضْحِيَةِ، فَاشْتَرَى بِهِ شَاتَيْنِ، فَبَاعَ إِحْدَاهُمَا بِدِينَارٍ وَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: بِشَاةٍ وَدِينَارٍ، فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْبَرَكَةِ فِي بَيْعِهِ، وَكَانَ لَوِ اشْتَرَى التُّرَابَ رِبْحَ فِيهِ \".\n\n١١٤٤٩ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَ شَبِيبٌ قَوْمَهُ يُحَدِّثُونَ بِهِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ يَأْتِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"8","page":148},{"text":"١١٤٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ ⦗١٤٩⦘ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ بَيْعَ الصُّوفِ عَلَى ظُهُورِ الْغَنَمِ وَاللَّبَنَ فِي ضُرُوعِ الْغَنَمِ إِلَّا بِكَيْلٍ».\n\n١١٤٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، كَذَلِكَ مَوْقُوفًا،\n\n١١٤٥٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ فَرُّوخٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا، وَرُوِي عَنْهُ مُرْسَلًا، وَالصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ","vol":"8","page":148},{"text":"١١٤٥٣ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَشْتَرِ السَّمَكَ فِي الْمَاءِ، فَإِنَّهُ غَرَرٌ».\n\n١١٤٥٤ - قَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ","vol":"8","page":149},{"text":"١١٤٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ:  «لَا تَشْتَرُوا السَّمَكَ فِي الْمَاءِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ غَرَرٌ».\n\n١١٤٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، فَذَكَرَهُ مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n١١٤٥٧ - قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: قَالَ أَبِي: وَحَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ.\n\n١١٤٥٨ - قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ","vol":"8","page":149},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-791>بَابُ بَيْعِ حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ وَالْمُلَامَسَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":150},{"text":"١١٤٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةَ، وَكَانَ بَيْعًا يَتَبَايَعُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَبْتَاعُ الْجَزُورَ إِلَى أَنْ تُنْتَجَ النَّاقَةُ، ثُمَّ تُنْتَجَ الَّتِي فِي بَطْنِهَا». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ.\n\n١١٤٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَفِي هَذَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ الْبَيْعَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْأَجَلُ مَعْلُومًا، وَهَذَا أَجَلٌ مَجْهُولٌ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"8","page":150},{"text":"١١٤٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ⦗١٥١⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ»","vol":"8","page":150},{"text":"١١٤٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ السِّخْتِيَانِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَنَافِعٍ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ»","vol":"8","page":151},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-792>الْمُلَامَسَةُ وَالْمُنَابَذَةُ</span>","vol":"8","page":152},{"text":"١١٤٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانَ، وَعَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُلَامَسَةِ وَالْمُنَابَذَةِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْهُمَا، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"8","page":152},{"text":"١١٤٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ، وَعَنْ لِبْسَتَيْنِ، فَأَمَّا الْبَيْعَتَانِ فَالْمُلَامَسَةُ وَالْمُنَابَذَةُ، وَأَمَّا اللِّبْسَتَانِ: فَاشْتِمَالُ الصَّمَّاءِ، وَالِاحْتِبَاءُ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، لَيْسَ عَلَى فَرْجِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ \" ⦗١٥٣⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١١٤٦٤ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَنْ لِبْسَتَيْنِ وَبَيْعَتَيْنِ: عَنِ الْمُلَامَسَةِ وَالْمُنَابَذَةِ فِي الْبَيْعِ \".\n\n١١٤٦٥ - وَالْمُلَامَسَةُ: لَمْسُ الرَّجُلِ ثَوْبَ الْآخَرِ بِيَدِهِ بِاللَّيْلِ أَوْ بِالنَّهَارِ، لَا يُقَلِّبُهُ إِلَّا بِذَلِكَ،\n\n١١٤٦٦ - وَالْمُنَابَذَةُ: أَنْ يَنْبِذَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ ثَوْبَهُ وَيَنْبِذَ الْآخَرُ ثَوْبَهُ، وَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ بَيْعَهُمَا مِنْ غَيْرِ نَظَرٍ وَلَا تَرَاضٍ.\n\n١١٤٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَامِرُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١١٤٦٨ - قَالَ: وَاللِّبْسَتَيْنِ: اشْتِمَالُ الصَّمَّاءِ، وَالصَّمَّاءُ: أَنْ يَجْعَلَ ثَوْبَهُ عَلَى أَحَدِ عَاتِقَيْهِ فَيَبْدُوَ أَحَدُ شِقَّيْهِ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ، وَاللِّبْسَةُ الْأُخْرَى: «احْتِبَاؤُهُ بِثَوْبِهِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ لَيْسَ عَلَى فَرْجِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ","vol":"8","page":152},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-793>بَيْعُ الْعُرْبَانِ</span>","vol":"8","page":154},{"text":"١١٤٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗١٥٥⦘، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْعُرْبَانِ».\n\n١١٤٧٠ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا نَرَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَبْدَ أَوِ الْوَلِيدَةَ أَوْ يَتَكَارَى الدَّابَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ لِلَّذِي اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ أَوْ تَكَارَى مِنْهُ: أُعْطِيكَ دِينَارًا أَوْ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ عَلَى أَنِّي إِنَّ أَخَذْتُ السِّلْعَةَ أَوْ رَكِبْتُ مَا تَكَارَيْتُ مِنْكَ فَالَّذِي أَعْطَيْتُكَ هُوَ مِنْ ثَمَنِ السِّلْعَةِ أَوْ مِنْ كِرَاءِ الدَّابَّةِ، وَإِنْ تَرَكْتُ السِّلْعَةَ أَوِ الْكِرَاءِ فَمَا أَعْطَيْتُكَ فَهُوَ لَكَ، بَاطِلٌ بِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ\n\n١١٤٧١ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: فَهَذَا لَا يَنْبَغِي وَلَا يَصْلُحُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي نُهِيَ عَنْهُ فِيمَا نَرَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١١٤٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ أَخَذَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، وَقِيلَ: عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، وَفِي جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ ضَعْفٌ","vol":"8","page":154},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-794>بَابُ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ</span>","vol":"8","page":156},{"text":"١١٤٧٣ - كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ»","vol":"8","page":156},{"text":"١١٤٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ».\n\n١١٤٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهِيَ أَنْ أَبِيعَكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَبِيعَنِي، وَمِنْهُ أَنْ أَقُولَ: سِلْعَتِي هَذِهِ لَكَ بِعَشَرَةٍ نَقْدًا أَوْ بِخَمْسَةِ عَشَرَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ.\n\n١١٤٧٦ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ وَجَعَلَهَا مِنْ بُيُوعِ الْغَرَرِ","vol":"8","page":157},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-795>بَابُ النَّجَشِ</span>","vol":"8","page":158},{"text":"١١٤٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنِ النَّجَشِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":158},{"text":"١١٤٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗١٥٩⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَنَاجَشُوا».\n\n١١٤٧٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ.\n\n١١٤٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَالنَّجَشُ: أَنْ يَحْضُرَ الرَّجُلُ السِّلْعَةَ تُبَاعَ فَيُعْطَى بِهَا الشَيْءُ، وَهُوَ لَا يُرِيدُ الشِّرَى لِيَقْتَدِيَ بِهِ السُّوَّامُ فَيُعْطَوْنَ بِهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا كَانُوا يُعْطُونَ لَوْ لَمْ يَسْمَعُوا سَوْمَهُ\n\n١١٤٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَمَنْ نَجَشَ فَهُوَ عَاصٍ بِالنَّجَشِ إِنْ كَانَ عَالِمًا بِنَهْيِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْهُ،\n\n١١٤٨٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: الْبَيْعُ جَائِزٌ لَا يُفْسِدُهُ مَعْصِيَةُ رَجُلٍ نَجَشَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١١٤٨٣ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ بِيعَ فِيمَنْ تَزَيَّدَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَازَ الْبَيْعُ،\n\n١١٤٨٤ - وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ زَادَ مَنْ لَا يُرِيدُ الشِّرَى","vol":"8","page":158},{"text":"١١٤٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَنَفِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَادَى عَلَى حِلْسٍ وَقَدَحٍ فِيمَنْ يَزِيدُ، فَأَعْطَاهُ رَجُلٌ دِرْهَمًا، وَأَعْطَاهُ آخَرُ دِرْهَمَيْنِ، فَبَاعَهُ»","vol":"8","page":159},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-796>لَا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ</span>","vol":"8","page":160},{"text":"١١٤٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":160},{"text":"١١٤٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗١٦١⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَبِيعُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ»","vol":"8","page":160},{"text":"١١٤٨٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَسُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «وَلَا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي بَابِ النَّجَشِ.\n\n١١٤٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، فَنَنْهَى الرَّجُلَ إِذَا اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ سِلْعَةً فَلَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا عَنْ مَقَامِهِمَا الَّذِي تَبَايَعَا فِيهِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الْمُشْتَرِي سِلْعَةً تُشْبِهُهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَعَلَّهُ يَرُدُّ الَّتِي اشْتَرَى أَوَّلًا؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ لِلْمُتَبَايعَيْنِ الْخِيَارَ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، فَيَكُونَ الْبَائِعُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ أَفْسَدَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ الْأَوَّلِ بَيْعَهُ، ثُمَّ لَعَلَّ الْبَائِعَ الْآخَرَ يَخْتَارُ نَقْضَ الْبَيْعِ، فَيُفْسِدَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ وَالْمُبْتَاعِ بَيْعَهُ\n\n١١٤٩٠ - قَالَ: وَلَوْ كَانَ الْبَيْعُ إِذَا عَقَدَاهُ لَزِمَهُمَا مَا ضَرَّ الْبَائِعَ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ رَجُلٌ سِلْعَةً كَسِلْعَتِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ.\n\n١١٤٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا بَاعَ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَالِ فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ إِذَا كَانَ عَالِمًا بِالْحَدِيثِ فِيهِ، وَالْبَيْعُ لَازِمٌ لَا يَفْسَدُ بِدَلَالَةِ الْحَدِيثِ نَفْسِهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ الْبَيْعُ يَفْسَدُ، هَلْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَفْسَدُ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ الْأَوَّلِ؟ بَلْ كَانَ يَنْفَعُهُ","vol":"8","page":161},{"text":"١١٤٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا يَسُومُ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ». فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا وَلَسْتُ أَحْفَظُهُ ثَابِتًا فَهُوَ مِثْلُ: «لَا يَخْطُبُ أَحَدُكُمْ ⦗١٦٢⦘ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ، وَلَا يَسُومُ عَلَى سَوْمِهِ»، إِذَا رَضِيَ الْبَائِعَ وَأَذِنَ بِأَنْ يُبَاعَ قَبْلَ الْبَيْعِ، حَتَّى لَوْ بِيعَ لَزِمَهُ\n\n١١٤٩٣ - قَالَ: وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَاعَ فِيمَنْ يَزِيدُ، وَبَيْعُ مَنْ يَزِيدُ: سَوْمُ رَجُلٍ عَلَى سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ، وَلَكَنَّ الْبَائِعَ لَمْ يَرْضَ السَّوْمَ الْأَوَّلَ حَتَّى طَلَبَ الزِّيَادَةَ.\n\n١١٤٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ثَبَتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، وَأَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَخَالَفَهُمْ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَعْرَجُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مَوْلَى عَامِرِ بْنِ كَرِيزٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَرُوِيَ عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَلَمْ يَجْمَعْ بَيْنَ اللَّفْظَيْنِ فِي حَدِيثٍ وَاحِدٍ كَمَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ.","vol":"8","page":161},{"text":"فَإِنَّهُ رَوَاهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَنَاجَشُوا، وَلَا يَبِيعُ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ، وَلَا يَخْطُبُ عَلَى خِطْبَتِهِ، وَلَا يَسُومُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ، وَلَا يَبِعْ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ، وَلَا تَسْأَلِ الْمَرْأَةُ طَلَاقَ أُخْتِهَا لِتَكْفِئَ مَا فِي صَحْفَتِهَا، وَلْتَنْكِحْ، فَإِنَّ رِزْقَهَا عَلَى اللَّهِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّاقِدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ،\n\n١١٤٩٥ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَلَى الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَقِيلَ بِلَفْظِ الْبَيْعِ، وَقِيلَ بِلَفْظِ السَّوْمِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كِلَاهُمَا مَحْفُوظًا كَمَا رَوَاهُ عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ، أَوْ يَكُونَ الْحَدِيثُ فِي الْأَصْلِ فِي الْبَيْعِ، وَمَنْ رَوَاهُ بِلَفْظِ السَّوْمِ أَتَى بِهِ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي وَقَعَ لَهُ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فِي الْبَيْعِ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ، وَرَوَاهُ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ فِي الِابْتِيَاعِ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ حَتَّى يَذَرَ","vol":"8","page":162},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-797>بَابُ لَا يَبِعْ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ</span>","vol":"8","page":163},{"text":"١١٤٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي الْمُسْتَخْرَجِ عَلَى كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ نَهَى أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ»","vol":"8","page":163},{"text":"١١٤٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ⦗١٦٤⦘.\n\n١١٤٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أُرَاهُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"8","page":163},{"text":"١١٤٩٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":164},{"text":"١١٥٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ».\n\n١١٥٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَدِيثُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِمَّا يُعَدُّ فِي أَفْرَادِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":164},{"text":"١١٥٠٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ».\n\n١١٥٠٣ - وَلِمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ أَسَانِيدُ لَمْ يُودِعْهَا الْمُوَطَّأَ، رَوَاهَا عَنْهُ كِبَارُ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مِنْهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":164},{"text":"١١٥٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗١٦٥⦘، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ، دَعُوا النَّاسَ يَرْزُقُ اللَّهُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَزُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ.\n\n١١٥٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَهْلُ الْبَادِيَةِ يَقْدِمُونَ جَاهِلِينَ بِالْأَسْوَاقِ وَحَاجَةِ النَّاسِ إِلَى مَا قَدِمُوا بِهِ وَمُسْتَثْقِلِي الْمُقَامَ، فَيَكُونُ أَدْنَى مِنْ أَنْ يَرْتَخِصَ الْمُشْتَرُونَ سِلْعَتَهُمْ، وَإِذَا تَوَلَّى أَهْلُ الْقَرْيَةِ لَهُمُ الْبَيْعَ ذَهَبَ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ،\n\n١١٥٠٦ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَأَيُّ حَاضِرٍ بَاعَ لِبَادٍ فَهُوَ عَاصٍ إِذَا عَلِمَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَالْبَيْعُ لَازِمٌ غَيْرُ مَفْسُوخٍ بِدَلَالَةِ الْحَدِيثِ نَفْسِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْبَيْعَ لَوْ كَانَ مَفْسُوخًا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي بَيْعِ الْحَاضِرِ لِلْبَادِي مَعْنًى يُخَافُ بِمْنَعٍ مِنْهُ أَنْ يُرْزَقَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ","vol":"8","page":164},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-798>تَلَقِّي السِّلَعِ</span>","vol":"8","page":166},{"text":"١١٥٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَلَقَّوَا الرُّكْبَانَ لِلْبَيْعِ».\n\n١١٥٠٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: «لَا تَلَقَّوَا السِّلَعَ»، وَالصَّحِيحُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رِوَايَةُ الْمُزَنِيِّ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":166},{"text":"١١٥٠٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تَلَقَّوَا الرُّكْبَانَ»","vol":"8","page":166},{"text":"١١٥١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" قَدْ سَمِعْتُ فِيَ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: فَمَنْ تَلَقَّاهَا فَصَاحِبُ السِّلْعَةِ بِالْخِيَارِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ السُّوقَ\n\n١١٥١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ إِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا \".\n\n١١٥١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا ثَابِتٌ","vol":"8","page":167},{"text":"وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ الْحُلْوَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تَلَقَّوَا الْجَلَبَ، فَمَنْ تَلَقَّاهُ فَاشْتَرَى مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَصَاحِبُهُ بِالْخِيَارِ إِذَا أَتَى السُّوقَ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ","vol":"8","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-799>بَابُ النَّهْيِ عَنْ بَيْعٍ وَسَلَفٍ، وَعَنْ سَلَفٍ جَرَّ مَنْفَعَةً</span>","vol":"8","page":168},{"text":"١١٥١٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ سَلَفٍ وَبَيْعٍ، وَعَنْ بَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ، وَعَنْ رِبْحِ مَا لَمْ يُضْمَنْ»","vol":"8","page":168},{"text":"١١٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" بَيْعٌ وَسَلَفٌ الَّذِي نُهِيَ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَعْقِدَ الْعُقْدَةَ عَلَى بَيْعٍ وَسَلَفٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ أَقُولَ: أَبِيعُكَ هَذَا بِكَذَا عَلَى أَنْ تُسْلِفَنِي كَذَا، وَحُكْمُ السَّلَفِ أَنَّهُ حَالٌ، فَيَكُونُ الْبَيْعُ وَقَعَ بِثَمَنٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَمَجْهُولٍ، وَالْبَيْعُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِلَّا بِثَمَنٍ مَعْلُومٍ\n\n١١٥١٥ - قَالَ: وَمَنْ أَسْلَفَ رَجُلًا طَعَامًا فَشَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا مِنْهُ، أَوْ أَزِيدَ مِنْهُ، أَوْ أَنْقَصَ فَلَا خَيْرَ فِيهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْئًا فَأَعْطَاهُ خَيْرًا مِنْهُ مُتَطَوِّعًا، أَوْ شَرًّا فَتَطَوَّعَ هَذَا بِقَبُولِهِ، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ \" ⦗١٦٩⦘.\n\n١١٥١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَسْلَفَ سَلَفًا فَلَا يَشْتَرِطْ إِلَّا قَضَاءَهُ»،\n\n١١٥١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كُلُّ قَرْضٍ جَرَّ مَنْفَعَةً فَهُوَ وَجْهٌ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الرِّبَا»،\n\n١١٥١٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١١٥١٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حُسْنِ الْقَضَاءِ بِلَا شَرْطٍ حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ اسْتِقْرَضَ سِنًّا، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَعْطَاهُ سِنًّا فَوْقَ سِنِّهِ، وَقَالَ: «خِيَارُكُمْ أَحَاسِنُكُمْ قَضَاءً»","vol":"8","page":168},{"text":"١١٥٢٠ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّهُ طَلَبَ غَرِيمًا لَهُ فَتَوَارَى عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ وَجَدَهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي مُعْسِرٌ، فَقَالَ: آللَّهِ قَالَ: آللَّهِ قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يُنَجِّيَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ كُرَبِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلْيُنَفِّسْ عَنْ مُعْسِرٍ أَوْ يَضَعْ عَنْهُ». أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبَزَّارُ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ السِّمْسَارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ خِدَاشٍ الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ طَلَبَ غَرِيمًا لَهُ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ⦗١٧٠⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ خِدَاشٍ","vol":"8","page":169},{"text":"١١٥٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مِسْعَر، عَنْ مُحَارِبِ بْنِ دِثَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «قَضَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عُلَيَّةَ وَسَلَّمَ وَزَادَنِي»","vol":"8","page":170},{"text":"١١٥٢٢ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحِيرِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْوَرَّاقُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَابِدُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مِسْعَرُ بْنُ كِدَامٍ، عَنْ مُحَارِبِ بْنِ دِثَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عُلَيَّةَ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: ضُحًى، فَقَالَ لِي: «صَلِّهِ أَوْ صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ» قَالَ: وَكَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، فَقَضَانِي وَزَادَنِي. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،\n\n١١٥٢٣ - وَأَمَّا إِذَا أَقْرَضَهُ مَالًا وَرَدَّ بَدَلَهُ بِبَلَدٍ آخَرَ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي شِبْهٍ بِذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْهُ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّهْيُ عَنْهُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِشَرْطٍ أَنْ تَرُدَّهُ بِبَلَدٍ آخَرَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ بِغَيْرِ شَرْطٍ","vol":"8","page":170},{"text":"١١٥٢٤ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرٌ الْخَلَدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ تَمَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ:  «أَعْطَى مَالًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَأَخَذَهُ بِبَلَدٍ أُخْرَى».\n\n١١٥٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَرَيَا بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا","vol":"8","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-800>بَابُ تِجَارَةِ الْوَصِيِّ بِمَالِ الْيَتِيمِ</span>\n١١٥٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَدْ تَجِرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ بِمَالِ يَتِيمٍ كَانَ يَلِيهِ،\n\n١١٥٢٧ - وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تُبَضِّعُ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي التَّجْرِ وَهُمْ أَيْتَامٌ، تِلِيهُمْ وَتُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا الزَّكَاةَ.\n\n١١٥٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، بَأْسًانِيدِهِمَا فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ.","vol":"8","page":171},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-801>بَابُ النَّهْيِ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْكِلَابِ</span>","vol":"8","page":172},{"text":"١١٥٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ، وَمَهْرِ الْبَغِيِّ، وَحُلْوَانِ الْكَاهِنِ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":172},{"text":"١١٥٣٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ ثَمَنُ الْكَلْبِ»","vol":"8","page":173},{"text":"١١٥٣١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ، وَإِنْ جَاءَ يَطْلُبُ ثَمَنَ الْكَلْبِ فَامْلَأْ كَفَّهُ تُرَابًا»","vol":"8","page":173},{"text":"١١٥٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنِ اقْتَنَى كَلْبًا إِلَّا كَلْبَ مَاشِيَةٍ أَوْ ضَارِيًا نَقَصَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ قِيرَاطَانِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":173},{"text":"١١٥٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُصَيْفَةَ، أَنَّ السَّائِبَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ أَخْبَرَهُ ⦗١٧٤⦘، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ، وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ شَنُوءَةَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنِ اقْتَنَى كَلْبًا نَقَصَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ قِيرَاطٌ»، قَالُوا: أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: إِي وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ.\n\n١١٥٣٤ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «مَنِ اقْتَنَى كَلْبًا لَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ زَرْعًا، وَلَا ضَرْعًا»","vol":"8","page":173},{"text":"١١٥٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ الْكِلَابِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":174},{"text":"١١٥٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «مَنِ اقْتَنَى كَلْبًا إِلَّا كَلْبَ زَرْعٍ أَوْ مَاشِيَةٍ نَقَصَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ قِيرَاطَانِ»","vol":"8","page":174},{"text":"١١٥٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنِ اقْتَنَى كَلْبًا لَيْسَ بِكَلْبِ صَيْدٍ وَلَا مَاشِيَةٍ، وَلَا أَرْضٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْقُصُ مِنْ أَجْرِهِ قِيرَاطَانِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ","vol":"8","page":174},{"text":"١١٥٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ:  «لَا تَدْخُلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَيْتًا فِيهِ كَلْبٌ وَلَا صُورَةٌ». وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَدْخُلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَيْتًا فِيهِ كَلْبٌ وَلَا صُورَةٌ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"8","page":175},{"text":"١١٥٣٩ - وَفِيمَا نَبَّأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ كَانَ يُنَاظِرُهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، «أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ أَغْرَمَ رَجُلًا ثَمَنَ كَلْبٍ قَتَلَهُ عِشْرِينَ بَعِيرًا».\n\n١١٥٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ ثَبَتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، كُنْتَ لَمْ تَصْنَعْ شَيْئًا فِي احْتِجَاجِكَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالثَّابِتِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ خِلَافُهُ؟ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ. قُلْتُ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: «سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ يَخْطُبُ وَهُوَ يَأْمُرُ بِقَتْلِ الْكِلَابِ»\n\n١١٥٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَيْفَ يَأْمُرُ بِقَتْلِ مَا يُغَرِّمُ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ قِيمَتَهُ؟.\n\n١١٥٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ فِي إِغْرَامِ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرُوِي مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ فِي قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَهَا مُنْقَطِعَةٍ ⦗١٧٦⦘،\n\n١١٥٤٣ - وَرُوِي عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ: أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِي كَلْبِ صَيْدٍ قَتَلَهُ رَجُلٌ بِأَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَقَضَى فِي كَلْبِ مَاشِيَةٍ بِكَبْشٍ، وَرُوِي عَنْهُ، فِي كَلْبِ الزَّرْعِ بِفَرَقٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ، وَفِي كَلْبِ الدَّارِ فَرَقٌ مِنْ تُرَابِ،\n\n١١٥٤٤ - وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى عَنْهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ مُنْقَطِعٍ بَيْنَ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَمِنْ وِجْهَةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جِسْتَاسَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ هَذَا مَجْهُولٌ","vol":"8","page":175},{"text":"١١٥٤٥ - وَرُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «نُهِيَ عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ، وَمَهْرِ الْبَغِيِّ، وَأَجْرِ الْكَاهِنِ».\n\n١١٥٤٦ - وَأَمَّا الْهِرُّ، فَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بِثَمَنِهِ بَأْسًا","vol":"8","page":176},{"text":"١١٥٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ جَابِرًا عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ وَالسِّنَّوْرِ، فَقَالَ:  «زَجَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَعْقِلٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ شَبِيبٍ،\n\n١١٥٤٨ - وَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الطَّبَرِيِّ فِي السِّنَّوْرِ عَلَى الْهِرِّ إِذَا تَوَحَّشَ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى تَسْلِيمِهِ،\n\n١١٥٤٩ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَهْيُهُ عَنْ بَيْعِ السِّنَّوْرِ حِينَ كَانَ مَحْكُومًا بِالنَّجَاسَةِ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ فِي الْهِرَّةِ: إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَجَسٍ صَارَتْ مَحْكُومَةً بِالطَّهَارَةِ، وَفِيهَا مَنْفَعَةٌ فَجَازَ بَيْعُهَا، وَلِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى تَعَجَّبَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ إِصْغَاءِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْإِنَاءَ لَهَا، حَتَّى رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَجَسٍ». فَصَارَ الْأَمْرُ الْأَوَّلُ مَنْسُوخًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":176},{"text":"١١٥٥٠ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: «نُهِيَ عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ، وَالسِّنَّوْرِ، إِلَّا كَلْبَ صَيْدٍ».\n\n١١٥٥١ - وَرُوِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ.\n\n١١٥٥٢ - وَهَذَا الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ اقْتِنَاءِ الْكَلْبِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ شَبُهَ عَلَى مَنْ ذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثِ النَّهْيِ عَنْ ثَمَنِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":177},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-802>مَا حُرِّمَ أَكَلُهُ وَشُرْبُهُ حُرِّمَ ثَمَنُهُ</span>","vol":"8","page":178},{"text":"١١٥٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: بَلَغَ عُمَرُ أَنَّ سَمُرَةَ بَاعَ خَمْرًا، فَقَالَ: قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ سَمُرَةَ، أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ؛ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ أَنْ يَأْكُلُوهَا فَبَاعَوهَا، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: فَجَمَلُوهَا فَبَاعَوهَا \". أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"8","page":178},{"text":"١١٥٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ بَرَكَةَ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَاعِدًا خَلْفَ الْمَقَامِ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَنَظَرَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ ضَحِكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ، حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ فَبَاعَوهَا فَأَكَلُوا أَثْمَانَهَا، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ أَكْلَ شَيْءٍ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثَمَنَهُ»","vol":"8","page":178},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-803>بَيْعُ فَضْلِ الْمَاءِ</span>","vol":"8","page":179},{"text":"١١٥٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ، عَنْ إِيَاسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا تَبِيعُوا الْمَاءَ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمَاءِ \". لَا يَدْرِي عَمْرٌو أَيُّ مَاءٍ هُوَ.\n\n١١٥٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنِ خُمَارَوَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ ⦗١٨٠⦘ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَهُ مِنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ، سَمِعَهُ مِنْ إِيَاسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُزَنِيِّ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ.\n\n١١٥٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: نُهِيَ عَنْ بَيْعِ فَضْلِ الْمَاءِ. وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَ عَمْرٍو.\n\n١١٥٥٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَطَّارُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ.\n\n١١٥٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَعْنَى الْحَدِيثِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ يُبَاعَ الْمَاءُ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي خَلْقَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِيهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِالْبَادِيَةِ الرَّجُلُ لَهُ الْبِئْرُ لِيَسْقِيَ بِهَا مَاشِيَتَهُ، وَيَكُونَ فِي مَائِهَا فَضْلٌ عَنْ مَاءِ مَاشِيَتِهِ، فَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَالِكَ الْمَاءِ عَنْ بَيْعِ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلِ، وَنَهَاهُ عَنْ مَنْعِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ فِي مَنْعِهِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَ مَاشِيَتَهُ مَنْعًا لِلْكَلَأِ الَّذِي لَا يَمْلِكُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ","vol":"8","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-804>كَرَاهِيَةُ بَيْعِ الْمَصَاحِفِ، وَمَا وَرَدَ فِي بَيْعِ الْمُضْطَرِّ، وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ</span>","vol":"8","page":181},{"text":"١١٥٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ شِرَاءَ الْمَصَاحِفِ وَبَيْعَهَا».\n\n١١٥٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، لَا يَرَوْنَ بَأْسًا بِبَيْعِهَا وَشِرَائِهَا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ لَا يَرَى بِشِرَائِهَا بَأْسًا، وَنَحْنُ نَكْرَهُ بَيْعَهَا. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اشْتَرِ الْمُصْحَفَ، وَلَا تَبِعْهُ»،\n\n١١٥٦٢ - وَكَذَا قَالَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ","vol":"8","page":181},{"text":"١١٥٦٣ - وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَقِيقٍ: «كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَكْرَهُونَ بَيْعَ الْمَصَاحِفِ»","vol":"8","page":181},{"text":"١١٥٦٤ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ زِيَادٍ، مَوْلَى سَعْدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمَصَاحِفِ لِتِجَارَةٍ فِيهَا، فَقَالَ: «لَا نَرَى أَنْ نَجْعَلَهُ مُتَّجَرًا، وَلَكَنْ مَا عَمِلْتَ بِيَدَيْكَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ».\n\n١١٥٦٥ - فَكَأَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا كَرِهُوا ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّنْزِيهِ تَعْظِيمًا لِلْمُصْحَفِ عَنْ أَنْ يُبْتَذَلَ لِلْبَيْعِ أَوْ يُجْعَلَ مُتَّجَرًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗١٨٢⦘،\n\n١١٥٦٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمُضْطَرِّ»، فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَامِرٍ صَالِحُ بْنُ رُسْتُمَ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَهُوَ عَنْ مَجْهُولٍ، ثُمَّ هُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى الَّذِي يُضْطَرُّ إِلَى الْبَيْعِ بِالْإِكْرَاهِ عَلَى الْبَيْعِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١١٥٦٧ - وَإِنْ أَرَادَ الَّذِي يُضْطَرُّ إِلَى الْبَيْعِ بِدَيْنٍ رَكِبَهُ، أَوْ فَقْرٍ أَصَابَهُ، فَكَأَنَّهُ اسْتَحَبَّ أَنْ يُعَانَ وَلَا يُحْوَجَ إِلَى الْبَيْعِ بِتَرْكِ مَعُونَتِهِ وَالتَّصَدُّقِ عَلَيْهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"8","page":181},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-805>بَابُ السَّلَفِ وَالرَّهْنِ</span>","vol":"8","page":183},{"text":"١١٥٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَسَّانَ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ السَّلَفَ الْمَضْمُونَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ⦗١٨٤⦘ مُسَمًّى قَدْ أَحَلَّهُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَأَذِنَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] الْآيَةَ.\n\n١١٥٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَإِنْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ فِي السَّلَفِ قُلْنَا بِهِ فِي كُلِّ دَيْنٍ قِيَاسًا عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، وَالسَّلَفُ جَائِزٌ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالْآثَارِ، وَمَا لَا يَخْتَلِفُ فِيهِ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَلِمْتَهُ","vol":"8","page":183},{"text":"١١٥٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَهُمْ يُسْلِفُونَ فِي الثَّمَرِ السَّنَةِ وَالسَّنَتَيْنِ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: السَّنَتَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ سَلَّفَ فَلْيُسْلِفْ فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ، وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ، وَأَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ».\n\n١١٥٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَفِظْتُهُ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ سُفْيَانَ مِرَارًا، وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ أُصَدِّقُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَمَا قُلْتُ، وَقَالَ فِي الْأَجَلِ: «إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ».\n\n١١٥٧٢ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ أَوْجُهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَالُوا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ»","vol":"8","page":184},{"text":"١١٥٧٣ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، وَقَالَ: وَهُمْ يُسْلِفُونَ فِي الثِّمَارِ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «سَلِّفُوا فِي الثِّمَارِ فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ، وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ، إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ»","vol":"8","page":184},{"text":"١١٥٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنْ ابن جريج عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: «لَا نَرَى بِالسَّلَفِ بَأْسًا، الْوَرِقُ فِي شَيْءٍ، الْوَرِقُ نَقْدًا».\n\n١١٥٧٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يُجِيزَهُ","vol":"8","page":185},{"text":"١١٥٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُسَلِّفَ فِي طَعَامٍ مَوْصُوفٍ بِسِعْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى».\n\n١١٥٧٧ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ، وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"8","page":185},{"text":"١١٥٧٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّهْنِ فِي السَّلَفِ، فَقَالَ:  «إِذَا كَانَ الْبَيْعُ حَلَالًا فَإِنَّ الرَّهْنَ مِمَّا أُمِرَ بِهِ».\n\n١١٥٧٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا بِالرَّهْنِ وَالْحَمِيلِ فِي السَّلَمِ وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"8","page":185},{"text":"١١٥٨٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يُسَلِّفَ الرَّجُلُ فِي الشَيْءِ يَأْخُذُ فِيهِ رَهْنًا أَوْ حَمِيلًا» قَالَ: «وَيَجْمَعُ الرَّهْنَ وَالْحَمِيلَ، وَيَتَوَثَّقُ مَا قَدَّرَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حَقِّهِ»","vol":"8","page":186},{"text":"وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَهَنَ دِرْعَهُ عِنْدَ أَبِي الشَّحْمِ الْيَهُودِيِّ، رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي ظُفُرَ \".\n\n١١٥٨١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ الرَّهْنِ عِنْدَ أَبِي الشَّحْمِ الْيَهُودِيِّ","vol":"8","page":186},{"text":"١١٥٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكٍ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ:  «نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي».\n\n١١٥٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي بَيْعَ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَضْمُونٍ عَلَيْكَ","vol":"8","page":186},{"text":"١١٥٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَإِذْ أَجَازَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ السَّلَفَ فِي التَّمْرِ السَّنَتَيْنِ بِكَيْلٍ وَوَزْنٍ وَأَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ كُلِّهِ، وَالتَّمْرُ قَدْ يَكُونُ رُطَبًا، فَقَدْ أَجَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الرُّطَبُ سَلَفًا مَضْمُونًا فِي غَيْرِ حِينِهِ الَّذِي يَطِيبُ فِيهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا سَلَّفَ سَنَتَيْنِ كَانَ بَعْضُهَا فِي غَيْرِ حِينِهِ\n\n١١٥٨٥ - قَالَ: وَالسَّلَفُ قَدْ يَكُونُ بَيْعَ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَ الْبَائِعِ، فَلَمَّا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَكِيمًا عَنْ بَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ، وَأَذِنَ فِي السَّلَفِ، اسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْهَى عَمَّا أَمَرَ بِهِ، وَعَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى حَكِيمًا عَنْ بَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَضْمُونًا عَلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ بَيْعُ الْأَعْيَانِ \"","vol":"8","page":187},{"text":"١١٥٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ شَيْئًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ أَصْلُهُ».\n\n١١٥٨٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِثْلَهُ.\n\n١١٥٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَإِذْ أَجَازَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْعَ الطَّعَامِ بِصِفَةٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، كَانَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بَيْعُ الطَّعَامِ بِصِفَةٍ حَالًا أَجْوَزَ وَأُخْرِجَ مِنْ مَعْنَى الْغَرَرِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ ⦗١٨٨⦘\n\n١١٥٨٩ - قَالَ: وَقَوْلُهُ: فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَأَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ أَوْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ، أَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ لَمَّا ذَكَرَ الْوَزْنَ مَعَ الْكَيْلِ، دَلَّ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ إِذَا سَلَّفَ فِي كَيْلٍ أَنْ يُسَلِّفَ فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ، وَإِذَا سَلَّفَ فِي وَزْنٍ أَنْ يُسَلِّفَ فِي وَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ، وَإِذَا سَمَّى أَجَلًا أَنْ يُسَمِّيَ أَجَلًا مَعْلُومًا","vol":"8","page":187},{"text":"١١٥٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَطَاءً، فَقَالَ لَهُ: رَجُلٌ سَلَّفْتُهُ ذَهَبًا فِي طَعَامٍ يُوَفِّيهِ قَبْلَ اللَّيْلِ، وَدَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ الذَّهَبَ قَبْلَ اللَّيْلِ، وَلَيْسَ الطَّعَامُ عِنْدَهُ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، مِنْ أَجْلِ السَّلَفِ، وَقَدْ عَلِمَ كَيْفَ السُّوقُ وَكَمِ السِّعْرُ» قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَا يَصْلُحُ السَّلَفُ إِلَّا فِي الشَيْءِ الْمُسْتَأْخِرِ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا فِي الشَيْءِ الْمُسْتَأْخِرِ الَّذِي لَا يُعْلَمُ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ السُّوقُ إِلَيْهِ، يَرْبَحُ أَمْ لَا». قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بَعْدُ.\n\n١١٥٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَعْنَى أَجَازَ السَّلَفُ حَالًا، وَقَوْلُهُ الَّذِي رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، وَلَيْسَ فِي عَلْمِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا كَيْفَ يَكُونُ السُّوقُ شَيْئًا يُفْسِدُ بَيْعًا. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"8","page":188},{"text":"١١٥٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَلَّامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: \" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ابْتَاعَ مِنْ أَعْرَابِيٍّ جَزُورًا بِتَمْرٍ، وَكَانَ يَرَى أَنَّ التَّمْرَ عِنْدَهُ، فَإِذَا بَعْضُهُ عِنْدَهُ وَبَعْضُهُ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ:  «هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ بَعْضَ تَمْرِكَ وَبَعْضُهُ إِلَى الْجُذَاذِ؟» فَأَبَى، فَاسْتَلَفَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ تَمْرَهُ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ \" ⦗١٨٩⦘.\n\n١١٥٩٣ - تَابَعَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي أَسَدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ. وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ السَّلَمِ الْحَالَ،\n\n١١٥٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ طَارِقِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي ابْتِيَاعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جَمَلًا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ خَارِجَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَخَذِهِ الْجَمَلَ وَرُجُوعِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ إِيفَادِهِ بِالتَّمْرِ، وَقَوْلِ الرَّسُولِ: «أَنَا رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْكُمْ، وَهُوَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ هَذَا التَّمْرِ حَتَّى تَشْبَعُوا وَتَكْتَالُوا حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفُوا». ﷺ، وَجَزَاهُ عَنْ أُمَّتِهِ أَفْضَلَ مَا جَزَى نَبِيًّا عَنْ أُمَّتِهِ","vol":"8","page":188},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-806>بَابٌ فِي اسْتِقْرَاضِ الْحَيَوَانِ وَالسَّلَفِ فِيهِ وَبَيْعِ بَعْضِهِ بِبَعْضٍ مُتَفَاضِلًا</span>","vol":"8","page":190},{"text":"١١٥٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ قَدِ اسْتَسْلَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِكْرًا، فَجَاءَتْهُ إِبِلٌ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ: فَأَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَقْضِيَ الرَّجُلَ بِكْرَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. إِنِّي لَمْ أَجِدْ فِي الْإِبِلِ إِلَّا جَمَلًا خِيَارًا رَبَاعَيًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ، فَإِنَّ خِيَارَ النَّاسِ أَحْسَنُهُمْ قَضَاءً» ⦗١٩١⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":190},{"text":"١١٥٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ح\n\n١١٥٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سِنٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَجَاءَ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ: أَعْطُوهُ، فَطَلَبُوا، فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا إِلَّا سِنًّا فَوْقَ سِنِّهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَعْطُوهُ» فَقَالَ: أَوْفَيْتَنِي، أَوْفَاكَ اللَّهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ خِيَارَكُمْ أَحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءً». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ⦗١٩٢⦘.\n\n١١٥٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ.\n\n١١٥٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: فَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّابِتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبِهِ آخُذُ، وَفِيهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَمِنَ بَعِيرًا بِالصِّفَةِ، وَفِي هَذَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَضْمَنَ الْحَيَوَانَ كُلَّهُ بِصِفَةٍ فِي السَّلَفِ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ مُتَطَوِّعًا،\n\n١١٦٠٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِأَمْرِ الدِّيَةِ فَقَالَ: قَدْ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالدِّيَةِ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا أَنَّهَا بِأَسْنَانٍ مَعْرُوفَةٍ فِي مُضِيِّ ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ، وَأَنَّهُ ﵇ افْتَدَى كُلَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَطِبْ عَنْهُ نَفْسًا مِنْ قَسَمٍ لَهُ مِنْ سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ بِإِبِلٍ سَمَّاهَا سِتٍّ أَوْ خَمْسٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ.\n\n١١٦٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي، وَفِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ","vol":"8","page":191},{"text":"١١٦٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: «أَنَّهُ بَاعَ جَمَلًا لَهُ يُدْعَى عُصَيْفِيرٌ بِعِشْرِينَ بَعِيرًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ»","vol":"8","page":192},{"text":"١١٦٠٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى رَاحِلَةً بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَبْعِرَةٍ مَضْمُونَةٍ يُوَفِّيهَا صَاحِبَهَا بِالرَّبَذَةِ»","vol":"8","page":192},{"text":"١١٦٠٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗١٩٣⦘، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ عَبْدٌ فَبَايَعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ وَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ، أَوْ قَالَ: لَمْ يَسْمَعْ أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ، فَجَاءَ سَيِّدُهُ يُرِيدُهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «بِعْهُ»، فَاشْتَرَاهُ بِعَبْدَيْنِ أَسْوَدَيْنِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُبَايعْ أَحَدًا بَعْدَهُ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ: «أَعَبْدٌ هُوَ أَوْ حُرٌّ»","vol":"8","page":192},{"text":"١١٦٠٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ زِيَادَ بْنَ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَخْبَرَهُ: \" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ مُصَدِّقًا، فَجَاءَهُ بِظَهْرٍ مُسِنَّاتٍ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ: «هَلَكْتَ وَأَهْلَكْتَ»، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ الْبِكْرَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَ بِالْبَعِيرِ الْمُسِنِّ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَعَلِمْتُ مِنْ حَاجَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الظَّهْرِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَذَلِكَ إِذًا».\n\n١١٦٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَقَوْلُهُ: إِنْ كَانَ قَالَ: «هَلَكْتَ وَأَهْلَكْتَ»، يَعْنِي: أَثِمْتَ وَأَهْلَكْتَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ إِذْ أَخَذْتَ مِنْهُمْ مَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقَوْلُهُ: عَلِمْتُ حَاجَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الظَّهْرِ، يَعْنِي: مَا يُعْطِيهِ أَهْلَ الصَّدَقَةِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَيُعْطِي ابْنَ السَّبِيلِ مِنْهُمْ وَغَيْرَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ السُّهْمَانِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١١٦٠٧ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَاهُنَا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي جَوَازِ بَيْعِ الْبَعِيرِ بِالْبَعِيرَيْنِ، وَقَدْ مَرَّ فِي أَوَّلِ كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ","vol":"8","page":193},{"text":"١١٦٠٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا بِالسَّلَفِ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ».\n\n١١٦٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ خُمَارَوَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبِيدَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، بِذَلِكَ ⦗١٩٤⦘.\n\n١١٦١٠ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَوْلَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ فِي بَيْعِ الْحَيَوَانِ اثْنَيْنِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ","vol":"8","page":193},{"text":"١١٦١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا رِبًا فِي الْحَيَوَانِ، وَإِنَّمَا نُهِيَ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ، عَنِ الْمَضَامِينَ، وَالْمَلَاقِيحِ، وَحَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ».\n\n١١٦١٢ - قَالَ: وَالْمَضَامِينُ: مَا فِي بُطُونِ الْإِنَاثِ، وَالْمَلَاقِيحُ: مَا فِي ظُهُورِ الْجَمَالِ، وَحَبَلُ الْحَبَلَةِ: بَيْعٌ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَتَبَايَعُونَهُ، كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَبَايَعُ الْجَزُورَ إِلَى أَنْ تُنْتَجَ النَّاقَةُ ثُمَّ تُنْتَجُ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا \". وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٦١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْبَنِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ. وَذَكَرَ تَفْسِيرَ الْمَضَامِينَ وَالْمَلَاقِيحِ مُدْرَجًا فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَأَنَا أَظُنُّ أَنَّ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ مِنْ جِهَةِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١١٦١٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْمَضَامِينُ: مَا فِي ظُهُورِ الْجَمَالِ، وَالْمَلَاقِيحُ: مَا فِي بُطُونِ الْإِنَاثِ. قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: وَأَعْلَمْتُ بِقَوْلِهِ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، فَأَنْشَدَنِي شَاهِدًا لَهُ مِنْ شِعْرِ الْعَرَبِ ⦗١٩٥⦘.\n\n١١٦١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ فَسَّرَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"8","page":194},{"text":"١١٦١٦ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «وَلْيَبْتَعِ الْبَعِيرَ بِالْبَعِيرَيْنِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَعَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا زِيَادَةُ وَرِقٍ، وَالْوَرِقُ نَسِيئَةٌ».\n\n١١٦١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ أَقُولُ.\n\n١١٦١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَخالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ، فَقَالَ: لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَيَوَانُ نَسِيئَةً أَبَدًا، فَنَاقَضْتُهُمْ بِالدِّيَةِ، وَبِالْكِتَابَةِ عَلَى الْوَصْفَاءِ بِصِفَةٍ، وَبِأَصْدَاقِ الْعَبِيدِ وَالْإِبِلِ بِصِفَةٍ.\n\n١١٦١٩ - قَالَ: فَإِنَّمَا كَرِهْنَا السَّلَمَ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ لِأَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَرِهَهُ\n\n١١٦٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ عَنْهُ.\n\n١١٦٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ عَنْهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ.\n\n١١٦٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَزْعُمُ الشَّعْبِيُّ الَّذِي هُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ كَرَاهِيَتَهُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَسْلَفَ لَهُ فِي لِقَاحِ فَحْلِ إِبِلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، وَهَذَا مَكْرُوهٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَعِنْدَ كُلِّ أَحَدٍ، هَذَا بَيْعُ الْمَلَاقِيحِ وَالْمَضَامِينَ أَوْ هُمَا\n\n١١٦٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقُلْتُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ: أَنْتَ أَخْبَرَتْنِي عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ: أَنَّ بَنِيَ عَمٍّ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَتَوْا وَادِيًا فَصَنَعُوا شَيْئًا فِي إِبِلِ رَجُلٍ قَطَعُوا بِهِ لَبَنَ إِبِلِهِ، وَقَتَلُوا فِصَالَهَا، فَأُتِيَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، فَرَضِيَ بِحُكْمِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَحَكَمَ أَنْ يُعْطَى بِوَادِيهِ إِبِلًا مِثْلَ إِبِلِهِ، وَفِصَالًا مِثْلَ فِصَالِهِ، فَأَنْفَذَ ذَلِكَ عُثْمَانُ ⦗١٩٦⦘. فَتَرْوِي عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ يَقْضِي فِي الْحَيَوَانِ بِحَيَوَانٍ مِثْلِهِ دَيْنًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا قَضَى بِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَعْطَاهُ بِوَادِيهِ كَانَ دَيْنًا،\n\n١١٦٢٤ - وَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَرْوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِهِ.\n\n١١٦٢٥ - وَأَنْتُمْ تَرْوُونَ عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: أُسْلِمَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي وَصْفَاءَ، أَحَدُهُمْ أَبُو زِيَادَةَ أَوْ أَبُو زَائِدَةَ مَوْلَانَا، وَتَرْوُونَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ أَجَازَ السَّلَمَ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ، وَعَنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١١٦٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي وَصْفَاءَ","vol":"8","page":195},{"text":"١١٦٢٧ - وَرَوَى أَبُو حَسَّانَ الْأَعْرَجُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ السَّلَمِ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ، فَقَالَا:  «إِذَا سَمَّى الْأَسْنَانَ وَالْآجَالَ فَلَا بَأْسَ»","vol":"8","page":196},{"text":"١١٦٢٨ - وَرُوِي، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنِ السَّلَفِ فِي الْوُصَفَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ».\n\n١١٦٢٩ - وَرُوِي عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَرِهَهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، وَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَهُوَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَوْصُولٌ بِقَوْلِنَا.\n\n١١٦٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ يَكُونُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ كَرِهَهُ تَنُزُّهًا عَنِ التِّجَارَةِ فِيهِ، لَا عَلَى تَحْرِيمِهِ","vol":"8","page":196},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-807>نَقْدُ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ فِي السَّلَمِ، وَتَسْمِيَةُ الْأَجَلِ فِيمَا أَسْلَفَ فِيهِ مُؤَجَّلًا</span>","vol":"8","page":197},{"text":"١١٦٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ سَلَّفَ فَلْيُسْلِفْ فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ»، إِنَّمَا قَالَ: فَلْيُعْطِ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: لِيُبَايِعْ وَلَا يُعْطِي، وَلَا يَقَعُ اسْمُ التَّسْلِيفِ فِيهِ حَتَّى يُعْطِيَهُ سَلَّفَهُ فِيهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهُ.\n\n١١٦٣٢ - قَالَ: وَقَوْلُهُ: «وَأَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ»، يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْآجَالَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعْلُومَةً، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]","vol":"8","page":197},{"text":"١١٦٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَبِيعُوا إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ، وَلَا إِلَى الْأَنْدَرِ، وَلَا إِلَى الدِّيَاسِ»","vol":"8","page":198},{"text":"١١٦٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً، سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَاعَ طَعَامًا، فَإِنْ أَحَالَتْ عَلَيَّ الْعَامُ فَطَعَامُكَ فِي قَابِلٍ سَلَفٌ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ، وَهَذَانِ أَجَلَانِ لَا يُدْرَى إِلَى أَيِّهِمَا يُوَفِّيهِ طَعَامَهُ»","vol":"8","page":198},{"text":"١١٦٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَحَفْصٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّهُ بَاعَ عَلِيًّا دِرْعًا مَنْسُوجَةً بِذَهَبٍ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ».\n\n١١٦٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"8","page":198},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-808>السَّلَمُ فِي الثِّيَابِ وَغَيْرِهَا</span>","vol":"8","page":199},{"text":"١١٦٣٧ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنْ ثَوْبٍ بِثَوْبَيْنِ نَسِيئَةً، فَقَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا كَرِهَهُ».\n\n١١٦٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا حَكَيْتُ مِنْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: جَعَلَ عَلَى أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ ثِيَابًا مَعْرُوفَةً، عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِمَكَّةَ وَنَجْرَانَ، وَلَا أَعْلَمُ خِلَافًا فِي أَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ فِي الثِّيَابِ بِصِفَةٍ، وَأَجَازَ السَّلَفَ فِي كُلِّ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ الصِّفَةِ، وَيَكُونُ مَأْمُونَ الِانْقِطَاعِ فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي يَحِلُّ فِيهِ،\n\n١١٦٣٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كُنَّا نُسَلِّمُ إِلَى نَبَطِ الشَّامِ فِي الْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالزَّبِيبِ فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ، وَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِلَى مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ زَرْعٌ؟ قَالَ: مَا كُنَّا نَسْأَلُهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ \"","vol":"8","page":199},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-809>السَّلَمُ فِي الْمِسْكِ وَالْعَنْبَرِ</span>","vol":"8","page":200},{"text":"١١٦٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الزَّنْجِيُّ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهْدَى لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ أَوَاقِ مِسْكٍ، فَقَالَ لِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ: «إِنِّي قَدْ أَهْدَيْتُ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ أَوَاقِيَّ مِسْكٍ، وَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ جَاءَتْنَا وَهَبْتُ لَكِ كَذَا، فَجَاءَتْهُ فَوَهَبَ لَهَا وَلِغَيْرِهَا مِنْهُ»","vol":"8","page":200},{"text":"١١٦٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ هُوَ الزَّنْجِيُّ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُلْثُومَ قَالَتْ: لَمَّا تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ لَهَا: «إِنِّي قَدْ أَهْدَيْتُ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ أَوَاقِيَّ مِسْكٍ وَحُلَّةً، وَإِنِّي لَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ مَاتَ، وَلَا أَرَى الْهَدِيَّةَ الَّتِي قَدْ أَهْدَيْتُ إِلَّا سَتُرَدُّ إِلَيَّ»، أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: «فَإِذَا أَرَدْتِ فَهِيَ لَكِ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «لَكُنَّ»، فَكَانَ كَمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَاتَ النَّجَاشِيُّ، وَرُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ الْهَدِيَّةُ، فَلَمَّا رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ أَعْطَى كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ أُوقِيَّةً مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمِسْكِ، وَأَعْطَى سَائِرَهُ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ، وَأَعْطَاهَا الْحُلَّةَ \".\n\n١١٦٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَسُئِلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْمِسْكِ: أَحَنُوطٌ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَوَ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَطْيَبِ طِيبِكُمْ؟». وَتَطَيَّبَ سَعْدٌ بِالْمِسْكِ وَالذَّرِيرَةِ وَفِيهِ ⦗٢٠١⦘ الْمِسْكُ. وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِالْعَالِيَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ وَفِيهَا الْمِسْكُ. وَلَمْ أَرَ النَّاسَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي إِبَاحَتِهِ","vol":"8","page":200},{"text":"١١٦٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «الْمِسْكُ أَطْيَبُ الطِّيبِ»","vol":"8","page":201},{"text":"١١٦٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: فَقَالَ لِي: خَبُرْتُ أَنَّ الْعَنْبَرَ شَيْءٌ يَنْبُذُهُ حُوتٌ مِنْ جَوْفِهِ فَكَيْفَ أَحْلَلْتَ ثَمَنَهُ؟. فَقُلْتُ: أَخْبَرَنِي عِدَّةٌ مِمَّنْ أَثِقُ بِخَبَرِهِ، أَنَّ الْعَنْبَرَ نَبَاتٌ يَخْلُقَهُ اللَّهُ فِي حِشَافٍ فِي الْبَحْرِ قَالَ لِي مِنْهُمْ نَفَرٌ: حَجَبَتْنَا الرِّيحُ إِلَى جَزِيرَةٍ فَأَقَمْنَا بِهَا وَنَحْنُ نَنْظُرُ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا إِلَى حَشَفَةٍ خَارِجَةٍ مِنَ الْمَاءِ مِنْهَا، عَلَيْهَا عَنْبَرَةٌ أَصْلُهَا مُسْتَطِيلٌ كَعُنُقِ الشَّاةِ، وَالْعَنْبَرَةُ مَمْدُودَةٌ فِي فَرْعِهَا، ثُمَّ كُنَّا نَتَعَاهَدُهَا فَنَرَاهَا تَعْظُمُ، فَأَخَّرْنَا أَخْذَهَا رَجَاءَ أَنْ يَزِيدَ عِظَمُهَا، فَهَبَّتْ رِيحٌ فَحَرَّكَتِ الْبَحْرَ فَقَطَعْتُهَا، فَخَرَجَتْ مَعَ الْمَوْجِ\n\n١١٦٤٥ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِهِ أَنَّهُ كَمَا وَصَفُوا، وَقَدْ زَعَمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِهِ أَنَّهُ لَا تَأْكُلُهُ دَابَّةٌ إِلَّا قَتَلَهَا، فَيَمُوتُ الْحُوتُ الَّذِي يَأْكُلُهُ فَيَنْبِذُهُ الْبَحْرُ، فَيُؤْخَذُ فَيُشُقُّ بَطْنُهُ فَيُسْتَخْرَجُ مِنْهُ\n\n١١٦٤٦ - قَالَ: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِيمَا اسْتُخْرِجَ مِنْ بَطْنِهِ؟ قُلْتُ: يُغْسَلُ عَنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِنْ أَصَابَهُ مِنْ أَذَاهُ، وَيَكُونُ حَلَالًا أَنْ يُبَاعَ وَيُتَطَيَّبَ بِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهُ مُسْتَجْسَدٌ \". وَاحْتَجَّ بِخَبَرِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْعَنْبَرِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ","vol":"8","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-810>بَابُ الْإِقَالَةِ فِي السَّلَمِ</span>","vol":"8","page":202},{"text":"١١٦٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «ذَلِكَ الْمَعْرُوفُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ، بَعْضَهُ طَعَامًا وَبَعْضَهُ دَنَانِيرَ»","vol":"8","page":202},{"text":"١١٦٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، «أَنَّ عَطَاءً كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَقْبَلَ رَأْسَ مَالِهِ مِنْهُ أَوْ يُنْظِرَهُ، أَوْ يَأْخُذَ السِّلْعَةَ وَيُنْظِرَهُ بِمَا بَقِيَ»","vol":"8","page":202},{"text":"١١٦٤٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: \" سَلَّفْتُ دِينَارًا فِي عَشَرَةِ أَفْرَاقٍ، فَحَلَّتْ، أَفَأَقْبِضُ مِنْهُ إِنْ شِئْتُ خَمْسَةَ أَفْرَاقٍ، وَأَكْتُبُ نِصْفَ الدِّينَارِ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنًا؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ»","vol":"8","page":202},{"text":"وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بَعْضَ رَأْسِ مَالِهِ، وَبَعْضَ طَعَامِهِ، أَوْ يَأْخُذَ بَعْضَ طَعَامِهِ، وَيُكْتَبُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ»","vol":"8","page":202},{"text":"١١٦٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا سَلَّفْتَ فَأَتَاكَ حَقُّكَ بِالَّذِي سَلَّفْتَ فِيهِ كَمَا اشْتَرَطْتَ، وَنَقَدْتَ، فَلَيْسَ لَكَ خِيَارٌ إِذَا وُفِّيتَ شَرْطَكَ وَبَيْعَكَ»","vol":"8","page":203},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-811>التَّسْعِيرُ</span>","vol":"8","page":204},{"text":"١١٦٥١ - كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ صَالِحِ التَّمَّارِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، ﵁: \" أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِحَاطِبٍ بِسُوقِ الْمُصَلَّى وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ غِرَارَتَانِ فِيهِمَا زَبِيبٌ، فَسَأَلَهُ سِعْرَهُمَا، فَسَعَّرَ لَهُ مُدَّيْنِ لِكُلِّ دِرْهَمٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: قَدْ حُدِّثْتُ بَعِيرٍ مُقْبِلَةٍ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ تَحْمِلُ زَبِيبًا، وَهُمْ يَعْتَبِرُونَ بِسِعْرِكَ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تَرْفَعَ فِي السِّعْرِ ⦗٢٠٥⦘، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُدْخِلَ زَبِيبَكَ الْبَيْتَ فَبِعْتُهُ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عُمَرُ حَاسَبَ نَفْسَهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَى حَاطِبًا فِي دَارِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ الَّذِي قُلْتُ لَيْسَ بِعَزْمَةٍ مِنِّي، وَلَا قَضَاءً، إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ أَرَدْتُ بِهِ الْخَيْرَ لِأَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ، فَحَيْثُ شِئْتَ فَبِعْ وَكَيْفَ شِئْتَ فَبِعْ \".\n\n١١٦٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فَعَسَى لَيْسَ بِخِلَافٍ لِمَا رَوَى مَالِكٌ، وَلَكَنَّهُ رَوَى بَعْضَ الْحَدِيثِ أَوْ رَوَاهُ مَنْ رَوَى عَنْهُ، وَهَذَا إِلَيَّ بِأَوَّلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَآخِرِهِ، وَبِهِ أَقُولُ","vol":"8","page":204},{"text":"١١٦٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ مَرَّ بِحَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ، وَهُوَ يَبِيعُ زَبِيبًا لَهُ بِالسُّوقِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «إِمَّا أَنْ تَزِيدَ فِي السِّعْرِ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَرْفَعَ مِنْ سُوقِهَا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":205},{"text":"١١٦٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، سَعِّرْ، فَقَالَ: «بَلْ أَدْعُوَا اللَّهَ» ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ رَجُلَ آخَرَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، سَعِّرْ، فَقَالَ: «بَلِ اللَّهَ يَخْفِضُ وَيَرْفَعُ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى اللَّهَ وَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدِي مُظْلِمَةٌ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْجَمَاهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":205},{"text":"١١٦٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سُهَيْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ⦗٢٠٦⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتٌ، وَقَتَادَةُ، وَحُمَيْدٌ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: غَلَا السِّعْرُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ غَلَا السِّعْرُ، فَسَعِّرْ لَنَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمُسَعِّرُ الْقَابِضُ الرَّازِقُ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى اللَّهَ وَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ يَطْلُبُنِي فِي دَمٍ وَلَا مَالٍ»","vol":"8","page":205},{"text":"١١٦٥٦ - أَمَّا الْحُكْرَةُ: فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ أَبِي مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَنِ احْتَكَرَ فَهُوَ خَاطِئٌ». وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: إِذَا احْتَكَرَ مِنْ طَعَامِ النَّاسِ مَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ ضَرَرٌ عَلَيْهِمْ دُونَ مَا لَا ضَرَرَ فِيهِ،\n\n١١٦٥٧ - فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ هَذَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْتَكِرُ، وَهُوَ إِنَّمَا يَحْتَكِرُ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْوَجْهِ الْمَنْهِيِّ عَنْهُ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى خَاصٍّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":206},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-812>مَنْ أَسْلَفَ فِي شَيْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"8","page":207},{"text":"١١٦٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَيُرْوَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «مَنْ سَلَّفَ فِي بَيْعٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفْهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَلَا يَبِيعَهُ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ»","vol":"8","page":207},{"text":"١١٦٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ عَطِيَّةُ الْعَوْفِيُّ، مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «مِنْ أَسْلَفَ فِي شَيْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ». وَهُوَ فِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ. وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَاعِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَدْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ خَيْثَمَةَ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ الطَّائِيِّ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":207},{"text":"١١٦٦٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: فَرَوَاهُ حُصَيْنٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ خُلَيْدَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنِ السَّلَفِ، فَقَالَ: «أَسْلِمْ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ وَرِقًا مَعْلُومَةً، فَإِنْ أَعْطَاكَهُ، وَإِلَّا فَخُذْ رَأْسَ مَالِكَ، وَلَا تَرُدَّهُ فِي سِلْعَةٍ أُخْرَى»","vol":"8","page":207},{"text":"١١٦٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ابْتَاعَ سِلْعَةً غَائِبَةً وَنَقَدَ ثَمَنِهَا، فَلَمَّا رَآهَا لَمْ يَرْضَهَا، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُحَوِّلَا بَيْعَهُمَا فِي سِلْعَةٍ أُخْرَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ مِنْهُ الثَّمَنَ؟ قَالَ: «لَا يَصْلُحُ».\n\n١١٦٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَأَنَّهُ جَاءَهُ بِهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ الصِّفَةِ، وَتَحْوِيلُهُمَا بَيْعِهِمَا فِي سِلْعَةٍ غَيْرِهَا بَيْعٌ لِلسِّلْعَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ","vol":"8","page":208},{"text":"١١٦٦٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: رَجُلٌ أَسْلَفَ بَزًّا فِي طَعَامٍ فَدَعَاهُ إِلَى ثَمَنِ الْبَزِّ يَوْمَئِذٍ، فَقَالَ: «لَا، إِلَّا رَأْسَ مَالِهِ، أَوْ بَزَّهُ».\n\n١١٦٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَذْهَبُ عَطَاءٍ فِي هَذَا الْقَوْلِ أَنْ لَا يُبَاعَ الْبَزُّ أَيْضًا حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ، وَكَأَنَّهُ يَذْهَبُ مَذْهَبَ الطَّعَامِ","vol":"8","page":208},{"text":"١١٦٦٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: طَعَامٌ سَلَّفْتُ فِيهِ فَحَلَّ، فَدَعَانِي إِلَى طَعَامٍ غَيْرِهِ، فَرَّقَ بِفَرَقٍ لَيْسَ لِلَّذِي يُعْطِينِي عَلَى الَّذِي كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ فَضْلٌ؟\n\n١١٦٦٦ - قَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ، لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِبَيْعٍ، إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ قَضَاءٌ».\n\n١١٦٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا كَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ سَلَّفَهُ فِي صِفَةٍ لَيْسَتْ بِعَيْنٍ، فَإِذَا جَاءَهُ بِصِفَتِهِ فَإِنَّمَا قَضَاهُ حَقَّهُ","vol":"8","page":208},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-813>كَيْفَ الْكَيْلُ</span>؟","vol":"8","page":209},{"text":"١١٦٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا دَقَّ، وَلَا رَذْمَ، وَلَا زَلْزَلَةَ».\n\n١١٦٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَنْ سَلَّفَ فِي كَيْلٍ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَدُقَّ مَا فِي الْمِكْيَالِ، وَلَا يُزَلْزِلَهُ، وَلَا يُكَيِّفْ بِدْنِهِ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، وَلَهُ مَا أَخَذَ الْمِكْيَالُ","vol":"8","page":209},{"text":"١١٦٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: جَلَبْتُ أَنَا وَمَخْرَفَةُ الْعَبْدِيُّ بَزًّا مِنْ هَجَرَ أَوِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا كُنَّا بِمِنًى أَتَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاشْتَرَى مِنَّا سَرَاوِيلَ قَالَ: وَثَمَّ وَزَّانٌ يَزِنُ بِالْأَجْرِ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الثَّمَنَ ثُمَّ قَالَ:  «زِنْ وَأَرْجِحْ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي مَسَرَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيَّ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢١٠⦘.\n\n١١٦٧١ - وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ الْوَزْنِ بِالْأُجْرَةِ، وَفِي مَعْنَاهُ الْكَيْلُ وَالْقَسْمُ وَالْحِسَابُ،\n\n١١٦٧٢ - وَفِي مُخَاطَبَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِيَّاهُ بِالْوَزْنِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأُجْرَةَ عَلَى الْمُوَّفِّي،\n\n١١٦٧٣ - وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ هِبَةِ الْمَشَاعِ، لِأَنَّ الرُّجْحَانَ يَجْرِي مَجْرَى الْهِبَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-814>إِذَا أَتَاهُ بِحَقِّهِ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّهِ وَلَا ضَرَرَ عَلَيْهِ فِي أَخْذِهِ</span>","vol":"8","page":211},{"text":"١١٦٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أُخْبِرْنَا أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ كَاتَبَ غُلَامًا لَهُ عَلَى نُجُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَأَرَادَ الْمُكَاتَبُ تَعْجِيلِهَا لِيُعْتَقَ، وَامْتَنَعَ أَنَسٌ عَنْ قَبُولِهَا، وَقَالَ: لَا آخُذُهَا إِلَّا عِنْدَ مَحِلِّهَا، فَأَتَى الْمُكَاتَبُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «إِنَّ أَنَسًا يُرِيدُ الْمِيرَاثَ»، وَكَانَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَأَمَرَهُ عُمَرُ بِأَخْذِهَا مِنْهُ، وَأَعْتَقَهُ \"","vol":"8","page":211},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-815>بَيْعُ رِبَاعِ مَكَّةَ وَكِرَائِهَا</span>","vol":"8","page":212},{"text":"١١٦٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْعُمَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكُوفِيُّ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَكَانٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ بِمَكَّةَ يُفْتِي النَّاسَ، وَرَأَيْتُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ حَاضِرَيْنِ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ لِإِسْحَاقَ: يَا أَبَا يَعْقُوبَ، تَعَالَ أُرِيكَ رَجُلًا لَمْ تَرَ عَيْنَاكَ مِثْلَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ إِسْحَاقُ: لَمْ تَرَ عَيْنَايَ مِثْلَهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَجَاءَ بِهِ فَأَوْقَفَهُ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ إِسْحَاقُ إِلَى مَجْلِسِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَهُوَ مَعَ خَاصَّتِهِ جَالِسٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ سُكْنَى بُيُوتِ مَكَّةَ، أَرَادَ الْكِرَاءَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عِنْدَنَا جَائِزٌ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «وَهَلْ تَرَكَ لَنَا عَقِيلَ مِنْ دَارٍ؟». فَقَالَ لَهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: أَتَأْذَنُ لِي فِي الْكَلَامِ قَالَ: تَكَلَّمْ،\n\n١١٦٧٦ - فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَرَى ذَلِكَ،\n\n١١٦٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَرَى ذَلِكَ. وَعَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُسٌ لَمْ يَكُونَا يَرَيَانِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١١٦٧٨ - فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ عَرَفَهُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ: هَذَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ ⦗٢١٣⦘، فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَنْتَ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَهْلُ خُرَاسَانَ أَنَّكَ فَقِيهُهُمْ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: هَكَذَا يَزْعُمُونَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا أَحْوَجَنِي أَنْ يَكُونَ غَيْرُكَ فِي مَوْضِعِكَ، فَكُنْتُ آمُرُ بِعَرْكِ أُذُنَيْهِ. أَنَا أَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنْتَ تَقُولُ: عَطَاءٌ وَطَاوُسٌ وَالْحَسَنُ، هَؤُلَاءِ لَا يَرَوْنَ ذَلِكَ، وَهَلْ لِأَحَدٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ؟\n\n١١٦٧٩ - فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ﴾ [الحشر: ٨]. فَنَسَبَ الدِّيَارَ إِلَى الْمَالِكِينَ أَوْ إِلَى غَيْرِ الْمَالِكِينَ؟ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: إِلَى الْمَالِكِينَ","vol":"8","page":212},{"text":"١١٦٨٠ - فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿ أَصْدَقُ الْأَقَاوِيلِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ». نَسَبَ الدَّارَ إِلَى مَالِكٍ أَوْ إِلَى غَيْرِ مَالِكٍ؟ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: إِلَى مَالِكٍ.\n\n١١٦٨١ - فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدِ اشْتَرَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ دَارَ الْحَجَّامِينَ فَأَسْكَنَهَا، وَذَكَرَ لَهُ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لَهُ إِسْحَاقُ: اقْرَأِ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٥]،\n\n١١٦٨٢ - فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: اقْرَأْ أَوَّلَ الْآيَةِ. قَالَ: ﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٥]. وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا كَمَا تَزْعُمُ لَكَانَ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ نَنْشُدَ فِيهَا ضَالَّةً، وَلَا نَتَّجِرَ فِيهَا الْبُدْنَ، وَلَا نُنْثِرَ فِيهَا الْأَرْوَاثَ، وَلَكَنْ هَذَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ خَاصَّةٌ.\n\n١١٦٨٣ - قَالَ: فَسَكَتَ إِسْحَاقُ وَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ، فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"8","page":213},{"text":"١١٦٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَابَاهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَكَّةُ مُنَاخٌ، لَا تُبَاعُ رِبَاعُهَا، وَلَا تُؤَاجَرُ بُيُوتُهَا».\n\n١١٦٨٥ - فَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ هَذَا وَأَبُوهُ ضَعِيفَانِ","vol":"8","page":214},{"text":"١١٦٨٦ - وَرُوِي عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الَّذِي يَأْكُلُ كِرَاءَ بُيُوتِ مَكَّةَ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ فِي بَطْنِهِ نَارًا».\n\n١١٦٨٧ - فَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مَوْقُوفًا،\n\n١١٦٨٨ - وَرُوِي عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا: «مَكَّةُ حَرَامٌ، وَحَرَامٌ بَيْعُ رِبَاعِهَا، وَحَرَامٌ أَجْرُ بُيُوتِهَا».\n\n١١٦٨٩ - وَلَوْ صَحَّ مِثْلُ هَذَا لَقُلْنَا بِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَا يَصِحُّ رَفْعُهُ، وَفِي ثُبُوتِهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو أَيْضًا نَظَرٌ","vol":"8","page":214},{"text":"١١٦٩٠ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ الْكِنَانِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَتْ بُيُوتُ مَكَّةَ تُدْعَى السَّوَائِبُ، لَمْ تُبَعْ رِبَاعُهَا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلَا عُمَرَ، مَنِ احْتَاجَ سَكَنَ، وَمَنِ اسْتَغْنَى أَسْكَنَ».\n\n١١٦٩١ - فَهَذَا خَبَرٌ عَنْ عَادَاتِهِمُ الْكَرِيمَةِ فِي إِسْكَانِهِمْ مَا اسْتَغْنَوْا عَنْهُ مِنْ بُيُوتِهُمْ","vol":"8","page":214},{"text":"١١٦٩٢ - وَأَمَّا جَوَازُ الْبَيْعِ وَجَرَيَانِ الْإِرْثِ فِيهَا، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ فَرُّوخٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «اشْتَرَى نَافِعُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَارِثِ مِنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ دَارَ السِّجْنِ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ»","vol":"8","page":214},{"text":"١١٦٩٣ - رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ كِرَاءِ بُيُوتِ مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، الْكِرَاءُ مِثْلُ الشِّرَى، وَقَدِ اشْتَرَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ دَارًا بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ»","vol":"8","page":215},{"text":"١١٦٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعْتَدُّ بِمَكَّةَ مَا لَا يَعْتَدُّ بِهَا أَحَدٌ، أَوْصَتْ لَهُ عَائِشَةُ بِحُجْرَتِهَا، وَاشْتَرَى حُجْرَةَ سَوْدَةَ»","vol":"8","page":215},{"text":"١١٦٩٥ - وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ:  «بَاعَ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ دَارَ النَّدْوَةِ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ»","vol":"8","page":215},{"text":"١١٦٩٦ - وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ عُثْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتَنْزِلُ فِي دَارَكِ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ:  «وَهَلْ تَرَكَ لَنَا عَقِيلَ مِنْ رِبَاعٍ أَوْ دُورٍ؟». وَكَانَ عَقِيلَ وَرِثَ أَبَا طَالِبٍ هُوَ وَطَالِبٌ، وَلَمْ يَرِثْهُ عَلِيٌّ وَلَا جَعْفَرٌ شَيْئًا؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ، وَكَانَ عَقِيلَ، وَطَالِبٌ كَافِرَيْنِ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ","vol":"8","page":215},{"text":"١١٦٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ ⦗٢١٦⦘ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٥]. يَقُولُ: «نَزَلَ فِي أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ»","vol":"8","page":215},{"text":"١١٦٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٥]: \" الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ: يَعْنِي السَّاكِنَ بِمَكَّةَ، وَالْبَادِ: يَعْنِي الْجَالِبَ. يَقُولُ: حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا سَوَاءٌ \"","vol":"8","page":216},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-816>١٤ - كِتَابُ الرَّهْنِ</span>","vol":"8","page":217},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-817>بَابُ الرَّهْنِ</span>","vol":"8","page":219},{"text":"١١٦٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجْلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]، وَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣].\n\n١١٧٠٠ - قَالَ: فَكَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي الْآيَةِ الْأَمْرُ بِالْكِتَابِ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَالسَّفَرِ،\n\n١١٧٠١ - وَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الرَّهْنَ إِذَا كَانُوا مُسَافِرِينَ، وَلَمْ يَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا، فَكَانَ مَعْقُولًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ أُمِرُوا بِالْكِتَابِ وَالرَّهْنِ احْتِيَاطًا لِمَالِكِ الْحَقِّ بِالْوَثِيقَةِ ⦗٢٢٠⦘، وَالْمَمْلُوكِ عَلَيْهِ، بِأَنْ لَا يَنْسَى، وَأَنْ يُذَكَّرَ، لَا أَنَّهُ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَكْتُبُوا وَلَا يَأْخُذُوا رَهْنًا، لِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣]،\n\n١١٧٠٢ - وَكَانَ مَعْقُولًا أَنَّ الْوَثِيقَةَ فِي الْحَقِّ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْأَعْوَازِ غَيْرُ مُحَرَّمَةٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي الْحَضَرِ، وَغَيْرِ الْأَعْوَازِ","vol":"8","page":219},{"text":"١١٧٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:  «رَهَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دِرْعَهُ عِنْدَ أَبِي الشَّحْمِ الْيَهُودِيِّ»\n\n١١٧٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَرَوَى الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَاتَ وَدِرْعُهُ مَرْهُونَةٌ»","vol":"8","page":220},{"text":"١١٧٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ الْخَلَدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَدِرْعُهُ مَرْهُونَةٌ بِثَلَاثِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"8","page":220},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-818>الْقَبْضُ فِي الرَّهْنِ</span>\n١١٧٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣]\n\n١١٧٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ مَعْقُولًا أَنَّ الرَّهْنَ غَيْرُ مَمْلُوكِ الرَّقَبَةِ، وَلَا مَمْلُوكِ الْمَنْفَعَةِ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ لَمْ يُجَزْ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَهْنًا إِلَّا بِمَا أَجَازَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَقْبُوضًا","vol":"8","page":221},{"text":"١١٧٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَوْ رَهَنَ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا عَبْدًا، وَسَلَّطَهُ عَلَى قَبْضِهِ فَآجَرَهُ الْمُرْتَهِنُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهُ مِنَ الرَّاهِنِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَقْبُوضًا»","vol":"8","page":221},{"text":"١١٧٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: \" ارْتَهَنْتُ عَبْدًا فَآجَرْتُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَقْبِضَهُ؟ قَالَ: لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِمَقْبُوضٍ \"","vol":"8","page":221},{"text":"١١٧١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي لَيْسَ الْإِجَارَةُ بِقَبْضٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِرَهْنٍ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَ، وَإِذَا قَبَضَ الْمُرْتَهِنُ الرَّهْنَ لِنَفْسِهِ، أَوْ قَبَضَهُ لَهُ آخَرُ بِأَمْرِهِ فَهُوَ قَبْضٌ كَقَبْضِ وَكِيلِهِ لَهُ ⦗٢٢٢⦘،\n\n١١٧١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «إِذَا ارْتَهَنْتَ عَبْدًا فَوَضَعْتَهُ عَلَى يَدَيْ غَيْرِكَ فَهُوَ قَبْضٌ».\n\n١١٧١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: مَذْهَبُ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّ مَنَافِعَ الرَّهْنِ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ، فَيَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يُؤَاجِرَهُ مِنَ الرَّاهِنِ بَعْدَ الْقَبْضِ، وَمُرَادُ الشَّافِعِيِّ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةِ بَيَانُ الْقَبْضِ","vol":"8","page":221},{"text":"١١٧١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: \" ارْتَهَنْتُ رَهْنًا، فَقَبَضْتُهُ ثُمَّ آجَرْتَهُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، هُوَ عَبْدُكَ الْآنَ، آجَرْتَهُ مِنْهُ \" قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: فَأَفْلَسَ فَوَجَدْتُهُ عِنْدَهُ قَالَ: «أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غُرَمَائِهِ».\n\n١١٧١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي مَا وَصَفْتَ مِنْ أَنَّكَ قَبَضْتَهُ مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ آجَرْتَهُ مِنْ رَاهِنِهِ، فَهُوَ كَعَبْدٍ لَكَ آجَرْتَهُ مِنْهُ؛ لِأَنَّ رَدَّهُ إِلَيْهِ بَعْدَ الْقَبْضِ لَا يُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الرَّهْنِ.\n\n١١٧١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: مُرَادُ الشَّافِعِيِّ مِنْ هَذَا أَنَّ رُجُوعَ الرَّهْنِ إِلَى يَدِ الرَّاهِنِ بَعْدَ الْقَبْضِ، فَأَجَازَهُ عَلَى قَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ، وَمَنْ قَالَ بِقَوْلِهِ أَوْ يُعَارِضُهُ أَوْ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ لَا يُبْطِلُ الرَّهْنَ","vol":"8","page":222},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-819>إِعْتَاقُ الرَّاهِنِ</span>","vol":"8","page":223},{"text":"١١٧١٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: وَإِنْ أَعْتَقَهُ، فَإِنَّ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ خَالِدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي الْعَبْدِ يَكُونُ رَهْنًا فَيُعْتِقُهُ سَيِّدُهُ، فَقَالَ: «الْعِتْقُ بَاطِلٌ أَوْ مَرْدُودٌ». قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا وَجْهٌ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: لِمَ أَجَزْتَ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ، وَلَمْ تَقُلْ مَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ؟ قِيلَ لَهُ: كُلُّ مَالِكٍ يَجُوزُ عِتْقُهُ إِلَّا بِعِلَّةِ حَقِّ غَيْرِهِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ عِتْقُهُ إِيَّاهُ يُتْلِفُ حَقَّ غَيْرِهِ لَمْ أُجِزْهُ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يُتْلِفْ لِغَيْرِهِ حَقًّا كُنْتُ آخُذُ الْعِوَضَ مِنْهُ فَأُصَيِّرَهُ رَهْنًا كَهُوَ فَقَدْ ذَهَبَتِ الْعِلَّةُ الَّتِي كُنْتُ بِهَا مُبْطِلَ الْعِتْقِ،\n\n١١٧١٧ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الرَّهْنِ الْكَثِيرِ: الْمَسْمُوعُ مِنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَوْلَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَعْتَقَهَا فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَلَكَ وَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ","vol":"8","page":223},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-820>تَخْلِيلُ الْخَمْرِ</span>\n١١٧١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَا يَحِلُّ الْخَمْرُ عِنْدِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَبَدًا إِذَا أُفْسِدَتْ بِعَمَلِ آدَمَيٍّ، فَإِنْ صَارَ الْعَصِيرُ خَمْرًا، ثُمَّ صَارَ خَلًّا مِنْ غَيْرِ صَنْعَةِ آدَمَيٍّ، فَهُوَ رَهْنٌ بِحَالِهِ.","vol":"8","page":224},{"text":"١١٧١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَشْرَبْ خَلَّ خَمْرٍ أُفْسِدَتْ حَتَّى يُبْدِيَ اللَّهُ فَسَادَهَا، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يُطَيَّبُ الْخَلُّ»","vol":"8","page":225},{"text":"١١٧٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ تُتَّخَذُ خَلًّا؟ قَالَ: «لَا». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"8","page":225},{"text":"١١٧٢١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُبَيْرَةَ وَهُوَ يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَيْتَامٍ وَرِثُوا خَمْرًا قَالَ: «أَهْرِقْهَا». قَالَ: أَفَلَا أَجْعَلُهَا خَلًّا؟ قَالَ: «لَا»","vol":"8","page":225},{"text":"١١٧٢٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْفَرَجِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ ⦗٢٢٦⦘ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الشَّاةِ الَّتِي مَاتَتْ، وَقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «دِبَاغُهَا يَحِلُّ كَمَا يَحِلُّ الْخَلُّ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ». فَهُوَ مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْفَرَجُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ لَا يُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُ، وَيَقُولُ: حَدَّثَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ أَحَادِيثَ مُنْكَرَةً مَقْلُوبَةً، وَضَعَّفَهُ أَيْضًا سَائِرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"8","page":225},{"text":"١١٧٢٣ - وَحَدِيثُ مُغِيرَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «خَيْرُ خَلِّكُمْ خَلُّ خَمْرِكُمْ». فَهُوَ مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مُغِيرَةُ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، وَأَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ يُسَمُّونَ خَلَّ الْعِنَبِ خَلَّ خَمْرٍ، ثُمَّ هُوَ وَمَا قَبْلَهُ مَحْمُولَانِ عَلَى الْخَمْرِ إِذَا تَحَلَّلَتْ بِعَيْنِهَا إِنْ صَحَّتِ الرِّوَايَةُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ حَمَلَ الْفَرَجُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ رِوَايَتَهُ","vol":"8","page":226},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-821>الزِّيَادَةُ فِي الرَّهْنِ</span>","vol":"8","page":227},{"text":"١١٧٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «الرَّهْنُ مَرْكُوبٌ وَمَحْلُوبٌ».\n\n١١٧٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يُشْبِهُ قَوْلُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنَّ مَنْ رَهَنَ ذَاتَ دَرٍّ وَظَهْرٍ لَمْ يَمْنَعِ الرَّاهِنَ دَرَّهَا وَظَهْرَهَا؛ لِأَنَّ لَهُ رَقَبَتَهَا، فَهِيَ مَحْلُوبَةٌ وَمَرْكُوبَةٌ كَمَا كَانَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِ الرَّهْنِ.\n\n١١٧٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ، وَذَكَرَهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ مَرْفُوعًا بِالْإِسْنَادِ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَرْفُوعًا، وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ مَوْقُوفًا، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ ⦗٢٢٨⦘،\n\n١١٧٢٧ - وَيُرْوَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"8","page":227},{"text":"١١٧٢٨ - وَيَثْبُتُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَبَنُ الدَّرِّ يُحْلَبُ بِنَفَقَتِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مَرْهُونًا، وَالظَّهْرُ يُرْكَبُ بِنَفَقَتِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مَرْهُونًا، وَعَلَى الَّذِي يَحْلِبُ وَيَرْكَبُ النَّفَقَةُ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُقَاتِلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ،\n\n١١٧٢٩ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، وَزَادَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِيهِ: الْمُرْتَهِنُ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ","vol":"8","page":228},{"text":"١١٧٣٠ - وَصَحَّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا يُنْتَفَعُ مِنَ الرَّهْنِ بِشَيْءٍ»","vol":"8","page":228},{"text":"١١٧٣١ - وَعَنْ زَكَرِيَّا، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي رَجُلٍ ارْتَهَنَ جَارِيَةً، فَأَرْضَعَتْ لَهُ؟ قَالَ:  «يَغْرَمُ لِصَاحِبِ الْجَارِيَةِ قِيمَةَ الرَّضَاعِ».\n\n١١٧٣٢ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى خَطَأِ تِلْكَ الزِّيَادَةِ، وَإِذَا لَمْ تَصِحَّ تِلْكَ الزِّيَادَةُ كَانَ مَحْمُولًا عَلَى الرَّاهِنِ، فَيَكُونُ لَهُ دَرُّهَا وَظَهْرُهَا، كَمَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَتُهَا","vol":"8","page":228},{"text":"١١٧٣٣ - وَذَلِكَ يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ، لَهُ غُنْمُهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ».\n\n١١٧٣٤ - وَرِوَايَةُ غَيْرِهِ مُرْسَلًا: «الرَّهْنُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي رَهَنَهُ، لَهُ غُنْمُهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ». وَهَذَا أَوْلَى مِنْ حَمْلِهِ عَلَى الْمُرْتَهِنِ، ثُمَّ حَمْلِهِ عَلَى النسخِ بِلَا حُجَّةٍ، فَمَا فِي هَذَا مَنْ حَمَلَ عِدَّةَ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى الْمُوَافَقَةِ وَالْقَوْلِ بِهَا دُونَ تَرْكِ شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا.","vol":"8","page":229},{"text":"١١٧٣٥ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ «قَضَى فِيمَنِ ارْتَهَنَ نَخْلًا مُثْمِرًا، فَلْيَحْسِبِ الْمُرْتَهِنُ ثَمَرَتَهَا مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ».\n\n١١٧٣٦ - وَذَكَرَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ شَبِيهًا بِهِ.\n\n١١٧٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحْسِبُ أَنَّ مُطَرِّفًا قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: مِنْ عَامٍ حَجَّ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١١٧٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَقْضُونَ بِأَنَّ الثَّمَرَةَ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ قَبْلَ حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَظُهُورِ حُكْمِهِ، فَرَدَّهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ\n\n١١٧٣٩ - قَالَ: وَأَظْهَرُ مَعَانِيهِ: أَنْ يَكُونَ الرَّاهِنُ وَالْمُرْتَهِنُ تَرَاضَيَا أَنْ تَكُونَ الثَّمَرَةُ رَهْنًا، وَيَكُونُ الرَّاهِنُ سَلَّطَ الْمُرْتَهِنَ عَلَى بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ وَاقْتِضَائِهَا مِنْ رَأْسِ مَالِهِ ⦗٢٣٠⦘، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَوْلَا حَدِيثُ مُعَاذٍ مَا رَأَيْتُهُ نَسِيَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ جَائِزًا\n\n١١٧٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ مُعَاذٍ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"8","page":229},{"text":"١١٧٤١ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ يَقُولُ: «فِي النَّخْلِ إِذَا رَهَنَهُ فَيَخْرُجُ فِيهِ ثَمَرُهُ، فَهُوَ مِنَ الرَّهْنِ».\n\n١١٧٤٢ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"8","page":230},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-822>بَابُ الرَّهْنِ غَيْرِ الْمَضْمُونِ</span>","vol":"8","page":231},{"text":"١١٧٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي رَهَنَهُ، لَهُ غُنْمُهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ» ⦗٢٣٢⦘.\n\n١١٧٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: غُنْمُهُ: زِيَادَتُهُ، وَغُرْمُهُ: هَلَاكُهُ وَنَقْصُهُ.\n\n١١٧٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ أَوْ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ لَا يُخَالِفُهُ.\n\n١١٧٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"8","page":231},{"text":"١١٧٤٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ صَاعِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ الْعَابِدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ، لَهُ غُنْمُهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ».\n\n١١٧٤٨ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: زِيَادُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ الثِّقَاتِ، وَهَذَا إِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنٌ مُتَّصِلٌ","vol":"8","page":232},{"text":"١١٧٤٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنِ ابْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: «لَا يَغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ»، لَا يَغْلَقُ بِشَيْءٍ، أَيْ: إِنْ ذَهَبَ لَمْ يَذْهَبْ بِشَيْءٍ، وَإِنْ أَرَادَ صَاحِبُهُ انْفِكَاكَهُ فَلَا يَغْلَقُ فِي ⦗٢٣٣⦘ يَدَيِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِي يَدَيْهِ، وَالرَّهْنُ لِلرَّاهِنِ أَبَدًا حَتَّى يُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ مِلْكِهِ بِوَجْهٍ يَصِحُّ إِخْرَاجُهُ لَهُ،\n\n١١٧٥٠ - وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى هَذَا قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الرَّهْنُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي رَهَنَهُ»، ثُمَّ بَيَّنَهُ وَوَكَّدَهُ، فَقَالَ: «لَهُ غُنْمُهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ»\n\n١١٧٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَغُنْمُهُ: سَلَامَتُهُ وَزِيَادَتُهُ، وَغُرْمُهُ: عَطَبُهُ وَنَقْصُهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ إِذَا رَهَنَ رَهْنًا بِدِرْهَمٍ وَهُوَ يُسَاوِي دِرْهَمًا فَهَلَكَ، ذَهَبَ الدِّرْهَمُ فَلَمْ يَلْزَمِ الرَّاهِنَ، كَانَ إِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُرْتَهِنِ، لَا مَالَ الرَّاهِنِ، فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ مِنَ الْمُرْتَهِنِ لَا مِنَ الرَّاهِنِ، وَهَذَا خِلَافُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \". وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ.\n\n١١٧٥٢ - قَالُوا: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ\n\n١١٧٥٣ - قَالَ: قُلْنَا: فَهُوَ إِذَا قَالَ: يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ، فَقَدْ خَالَفَ قَوْلَكُمْ، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ بِأَمَانَةٍ\n\n١١٧٥٤ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ خَاتَمًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ،\n\n١١٧٥٥ - قُلْنَا: وَأَنْتَ أَيْضًا تُخَالِفُهُ، أَنْتَ تَقُولُ: إِنْ رَهَنَهُ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ فَهَلَكَ الرَّهْنُ رَجَعَ صَاحِبُ الْحَقِّ الْمُرْتَهِنُ عَلَى الرَّاهِنِ بِتِسْعِ مِائَةٍ مِنْ رَأْسِ مَالِهِ، وَشُرَيْحٌ لَا يَرُدُّ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ بِحَالٍ","vol":"8","page":232},{"text":"١١٧٥٦ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رَوَى مُصْعَبُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَهَنَ رَجُلًا فَرَسًا فَهَلَكَ الْفَرَسُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «ذَهَبَ حَقُّكَ» ⦗٢٣٤⦘.\n\n١١٧٥٧ - فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: زَعَمَ الْحَسَنُ كَذَا، ثُمَّ حَكَى هَذَا الْقَوْلَ\n\n١١٧٥٨ - قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: كَانَ عَطَاءٌ يَتَعَجَّبُ مِمَّا رَوَى الْحَسَنُ،\n\n١١٧٥٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنِيهِ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ،\n\n١١٧٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، سَمَّاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ رَوَاهُ عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَسَكَتَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ،\n\n١١٧٦١ - فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَصْحَابُ مُصْعَبٍ يَرْوُونَهُ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ،\n\n١١٧٦٢ - فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، كَذَلِكَ حُدِّثْنَا، وَلَكِنْ عَطَاءٌ مُرْسَلٌ أَنْفَقَ مِنَ الْحَسَنِ مُرْسَلٌ،\n\n١١٧٦٣ - فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمِمَّا يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى وَهَنِ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ إِنْ كَانَ رَوَاهُ أَنَّ عَطَاءً يُفْتِي بِخِلَافِهِ، وَيَقُولُ: فِيمَا ظَهَرَ هَلَاكُهُ أَمَانَةٌ، وَفِيمَا خَفِي هَلَاكُهُ: يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ،\n\n١١٧٦٤ - وَهَذَا أَثْبَتُ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ: يَتَرَادَّانِ، مُطْلَقَةً، وَمَا شَكَكْنَا فِيهِ، فَلَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّ عَطَاءً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا يَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُثْبَتًا عِنْدَهُ وَيَقُولُ بِخِلَافِهِ، مَعَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا رَوَى هَذَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَّا مُصْعَبٌ\n\n١١٧٦٥ - قَالَ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ يَرْفَعُهُ يُوَافِقُ قَوْلَ شُرَيْحٍ: أَنَّ الرَّهْنَ بِمَا فِيهِ، فَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْفَرَسُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ، وَمِثْلَهُ وَأَقَلَّ، فَلَمْ يُرْوَ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَنْ قِيمَةِ الْفَرَسِ\n\n١١٧٦٦ - قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ قَبِلْتُمْ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مُنْقَطِعًا،\n\n١١٧٦٧ - قُلْنَا: لَا يُحْفَظُ أَنَّ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ رَوَى مُنْقَطِعًا إِلَّا وَجَدْنَا مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَسْدِيدِهِ، وَلَا أَثَرَهُ عَنْ أَحَدٍ فِيمَا عَرَفْنَا عَنْهُ إِلَّا عَنْ ثِقَةٍ مَعْرُوفٍ، فَمَنْ كَانَ بِمِثْلِ حَالِهِ قَبِلْنَا مُنْقَطَعَهُ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ هَذَا\n\n١١٧٦٨ - قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ لَمْ تَأْخُذُوا بِقَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ فِيهِ ⦗٢٣٥⦘،\n\n١١٧٦٩ - قُلْنَا: إِذَا ثَبَتَ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا أَنْ نَتْرُكَ مَا جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِلَى مَا جَاءَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ\n\n١١٧٧٠ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، شَبِيهًا بِقَوْلِنَا،\n\n١١٧٧١ - قُلْنَا: الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، بِأَنْ يَتَرَادَّا الْفَضْلَ أَصَحُّ عَنْهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، وَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَصْحَابَكُمْ يُضَعِّفُونَ رِوَايَةَ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الَّتِي لَا يُعَارِضُهَا مُعَارِضٌ تَضْعِيفًا شَدِيدًا، فَكَيْفَ بِمَا عَارَضَهُ فِيهِ مَنْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ مِنَ الصِّحَّةِ وَأَوْلَى بِهَا مِنْهُ\n\n١١٧٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقِيلَ لِقَائِلِ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ: قَدْ خَرَجْتَ فِيهِ مِمَّا رَوَيْتَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ تَرْفَعُهُ، وَمِنْ أَصَحِّ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، وَمَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى قَوْلٍ رُوِّيتَهُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خِلَافُهُ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا.\n\n١١٧٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الَّذِي ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي مُرْسَلَاتِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ\n\n١١٧٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: مُرْسَلَاتُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ صِحَاحٌ، لَا نَرَى أَصَحَّ مِنْ مُرْسَلَاتِهِ،\n\n١١٧٧٥ - وَأَمَّا الْحَسَنُ، وَعَطَاءٌ فَلَيْسَتْ مَرَاسِيلُهُمَا بِذَلِكَ، هِيَ أَضْعَفُ الْمُرْسَلَاتِ، كَأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَأْخُذَانِ عَنْ كُلٍّ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمِّيَ أَبَا عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٧٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، يَقُولُ: أَصَحُّ الْمَرَاسِيلِ مَرَاسِيلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ","vol":"8","page":233},{"text":"١١٧٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَالْتَبَسَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: «عَلَيْكُمْ بِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ جَالَسَ الصَّالِحِينَ»","vol":"8","page":236},{"text":"١١٧٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: مَنْ أَفْقَهُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ؟ قَالَ: \" أَمَّا أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِقَضَايَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ: وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَأَفْقَهُهُمْ فِقْهًا، وَأَبْصَرُهُمْ بِمَا مَضَى مِنْ أَمَرِ النَّاسِ فَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ \".\n\n١١٧٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحِكَايَاتُ عَنِ السَّلَفِ فِي تَفْضِيلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِيمَا يَرَوْنَهُ عَلَى أَبْنَاءِ دَهْرِهِ كَثِيرَةٌ،\n\n١١٧٨٠ - وَلِلشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِيمَا قَالَ فِي مَرَاسِيلِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ بِهِمْ قُدْوَةٌ،\n\n١١٧٨١ - ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْتَصِرْ فِي مَرَاسِيلِهِ عَلَى مُجَرَّدِ الدَّعْوَى، حَتَّى بَيَّنَ وَجْهَ الرُّجْحَانِ فِي مَرَاسِيلِهِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَخُصَّ بِهِ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، بَلْ قَدْ قَطَعَ الْقَوْلَ بِأَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ فِي مِثْلِ حَالِهِ قَبِلْنَا مُنْقَطَعَهُ،\n\n١١٧٨٢ - وَقَدْ حَكَيْنَا مَبْسُوطَ كَلَامِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي الْأُصُولِ، ثُمَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ وَصَلَهُ زِيَادُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ، وَسَبَقَ ذِكْرُنَا لَهُ","vol":"8","page":236},{"text":"١١٧٨٣ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا:  «الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ». مُنْقَطِعٌ وَإِسْنَادُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ ⦗٢٣٧⦘.\n\n١١٧٨٤ - وَرَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ الذَّارِعُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا: «الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ».\n\n١١٧٨٥ - وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ هَذَا كَانَ يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرُونَا عَنْهُ","vol":"8","page":236},{"text":"١١٧٨٦ - وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: فَرَوَى عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «إِذَا كَانَ الرَّهْنُ أَقَلَّ رُدَّ الْفَضْلُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ فَهُوَ بِمَا فِيهِ».\n\n١١٧٨٧ - وَعَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى الثَّعْلَبِيُّ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١١٧٨٨ - وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ: قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ فِي أَحَادِيثِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ فَوَهَّنَهَا.\n\n١١٧٨٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَرِوَايَةِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَضَعِيفٌ","vol":"8","page":237},{"text":"١١٧٩٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ:  «إِذَا كَانَ فِي الرَّهْنِ فَضْلٌ فَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَالرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تُصِبْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَإِنَّهُ يَرُدُّ الْفَضْلَ» ⦗٢٣٨⦘.\n\n١١٧٩١ - وَهَذِهِ أَصَحُّ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَفِيهَا: أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يَقُولُونَ: مَا رَوَى خِلَاسٌ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ صَحِيفَةٍ\n\n١١٧٩٢ - قَالَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ.\n\n١١٧٩٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ مِثْلُ رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْعَوَّامِ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ دَاوَرَ الْقَطَّانُ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ.\n\n١١٧٩٤ - وَعِمْرَانُ بْنُ دَاوَرَ الْقَطَّانُ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ، وَضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ. وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ لَا يُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ، كَتَبْتُ عَنْهُ أَشْيَاءَ فَرَمَيْتُ بِهَا.\n\n١١٧٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، يَقُولُ: عِمْرَانُ الْقَطَّانُ لَمْ يَرْوِ عَنْهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَلَيْسَ هُوَ بِشَيْءٍ.\n\n١١٧٩٦ - وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ يَطْعُنُ فِي مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ نِكَاحِ الْمُحْرِمِ، حِينَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَزَوَّجَ مَيْمُونَةَ حَلَالًا». ثُمَّ يَحْتَجُّ ⦗٢٣٩⦘ بِرِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْعَوَّامِ عَنْهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، وَيَجْعَلُ اعْتِمَادَهُ عَلَيْهِ، إِذْ لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيمَا يَرْوِي عَنْ غَيْرِهِ حَجَّةٌ كَمَا بَيَّنَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n١١٧٩٧ - ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ مَنْ أَدْرَكْتُ مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ، مِنْهُمْ: سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَذَكَرَ الْفُقَهَاءَ السَّبْعَةَ فِي مِسْبَحَةٍ مِنْ نُظَرَائِهِمْ أَهْلِ فِقْهٍ وَفَضْلٍ، فَذَكَرَ مَا جَمَعَ مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِهِمْ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ إِذَا هَلَكَ وَعَمِيَتْ قِيمَتُهُ. وَيَرْفَعُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمُ الثِّقَةُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١١٧٩٨ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِهَذَا عَلَى أَنَّ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ كَانَ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى تَضْمِينِ الرَّهْنِ، وَالرَّاوِي أَعْلَمُ بِتَأْوِيلِ الْخَبَرِ، دَلَّ أَنَّ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِهِ غَيْرُ مَا ذَهَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ،\n\n١١٧٩٩ - قُلْنَا: لَيْسَ مِنَ الْإِنْصَافِ تَرْكُ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيَسْتَقِيمَ عَلَى الْبَاقِي،\n\n١١٨٠٠ - وَمَا قَصَدَهُ مِنَ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، قَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الرَّفَّاءُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَعِيسَى بْنُ مِينَا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: كَانَ مَنْ أَدْرَكْتُ مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ، فَذَكَرَ أَسْمَاءَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَرُبَّمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الشَّيْءِ فَأَخَذْنَا بِقَوْلِ أَكْثَرِهِمْ.\n\n١١٨٠١ - فَأَخْبَرَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، أَنَّ الَّذِي جَمَعَهُ وَاخْتَارَهُ فِيمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ قَوْلُ بَعْضِهِمْ، لَا قَوْلَ جَمِيعِهِمْ،\n\n١١٨٠٢ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ، دَلَّ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَدَّهُ،\n\n١١٨٠٣ - وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ الثِّقَةِ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، كَحَدِيثِ عَطَاءٍ، وَفِيهِ زِيَادَةٌ لَيْسَتْ فِي حَدِيثِ عَطَاءٍ، وَهِيَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ بِمَا فِيهِ إِذَا عُمِّيَتْ قِيمَتُهُ ⦗٢٤٠⦘،\n\n١١٨٠٤ - وَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَمَذْهَبِ مَالِكٍ فِي الْفَرَقِ بَيْنَ مَا يَظْهَرُ هَلَاكُهُ، مِثْلُ الدَّارِ وَالنَّخْلِ وَالْعَبْدِ، وَبَيْنَ مَا يَخْفَى هَلَاكُهُ، فَيَجْعَلُهُ بِمَا فِيهِ فِيمَا يَخْفَى هَلَاكُهُ، وَيَجْعَلُهُ أَمَانَةً فِيمَا يَظْهَرُ هَلَاكُهُ،\n\n١١٨٠٥ - وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِهِ فِيمَا يَظْهَرُ هَلَاكُهُ،\n\n١١٨٠٦ - وَالْمُحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا لَا يَقُولُ بِهِ فِيمَا يَخْفَى هَلَاكُهُ فِي حَالٍ دُونَ حَالٍ، وَلَا يَقُولُ بِهِ فِيمَا يَظْهَرُ هَلَاكُهُ بِحَالٍ، فَمِنَ الْمُحَالِ أَنْ يَحْتَجَّ بِمَا لَا يَقُولُ بِهِ فِي أَكْثَرِ أَحْوَالِهِ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَنَا لَا حُجَّةَ فِيهِ لِانْقِطَاعهِ،\n\n١١٨٠٧ - وَنَحْنُ لَمْ نَحْتَجَّ بِمَرَاسِيلِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ حَتَّى أَكَّدْنَاهَا بِمَا تَتَأَكَّدُ بِهِ الْمَرَاسِيلُ، ثُمَّ قَدْ رُوِّينَا مُرْسَلَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ مَوْصُولًا، فَقَامَتْ بِهِ الْحُجَّةُ،\n\n١١٨٠٨ - وَاعْتَرَضَ الْمُحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا الْمُنْقَطِعِ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي تَأْوِيلِهِ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ: «لَا يَغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ»، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ يُخَالِفُ تَأْوِيلَ غَيْرِهِ،\n\n١١٨٠٩ - وَالشَّافِعِيُّ قَدْ ذَكَرَ مَعَهُ تَأْوِيلَ غَيْرِهِ، وَاسْتَنْبَطَ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ مَعْنًى آخَرَ، وَهُوَ بِمَكَانِةٍ مِنَ اللُّغَةِ، وَكَوْنِهِ مِنْ أَرْبَابِ اللِّسَانِ دَارًا وَنَسَبًا، فَمِنَ الْغَبَاوَةِ الدُّخُولُ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا يَقُولُهُ فِي اللُّغَةِ، ثُمَّ اعْتِمَادُهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْجَدِيدِ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ: «الرَّهْنُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي رَهَنَهُ، لَهُ غُنْمُهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ»، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ لِقَائِلِ هَذَا عَلَيْهِ كَلَامًا سِوَى التَّخْصِيصِ، وَذَلِكْ لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْ غَيْرِ دَلَالَةٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"8","page":237},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-823>١٥ - كِتَابُ التَّفْلِيسِ</span>","vol":"8","page":241},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-824>بَابُ التَّفْلِيسِ</span>","vol":"8","page":243},{"text":"١١٨١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ⦗٢٤٤⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَفْلَسَ فَأَدْرَكَ الرَّجُلَ مَالَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ»","vol":"8","page":243},{"text":"١١٨١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مَالَهُ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ».\n\n١١٨١٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِ إِسْنَادِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَهُ مَكَانَ حَدَّثَهُ، وَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مَالَهُ بِعَيْنَيْهِ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ، أَوْ إِنْسَانٍ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ، فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ» ⦗٢٤٥⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ","vol":"8","page":244},{"text":"١١٨١٣ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا ابْتَاعَ الرَّجُلُ السِّلْعَةَ ثُمَّ أَفْلَسَ وَهِيَ عِنْدَهُ بِعَيْنِهَا فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنَ الْغُرَمَاءِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَرْمَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٨١٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي الزَّرْقَاءِ، وَأَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ","vol":"8","page":245},{"text":"كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَأَبُو الْأَزْهَرِيِّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَفْلَسَ وَعِنْدَهُ سِلْعَةٌ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنَ الْغُرَمَاءِ».\n\n١١٨١٥ - أَيْضًا، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الرُّوَاةِ سَوَاءً صَرِيحًا فِي الْبَيْعِ","vol":"8","page":245},{"text":"١١٨١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ ⦗٢٤٦⦘ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يُعْدِمُ إِذَا وَجَدَ عِنْدَهُ الْمَتَاعَ وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقْهُ أَنَّهُ لِصَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي بَاعَهُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ","vol":"8","page":245},{"text":"١١٨١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ خُثَيْمِ بْنِ عِرَاكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا أَفْلَسَ الرَّجُلُ فَوَجَدَ الرَّجُلُ عِنْدَهُ سِلْعَتَهُ بِعَيْنِهَا فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ الشَّاعِرِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ","vol":"8","page":246},{"text":"١١٨١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا أَفْلَسَ الرَّجُلُ فَوَجَدَ الْبَائِعُ سِلْعَتَهُ بِعَيْنِهَا فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا دُونَ الْغُرَمَاءِ».\n\n١١٨١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى هُوَ ابْنُ الْعَاصِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ ابْنُ عَمِّ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ \" قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.\n\n١١٨٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتُ الصَّحِيحَةُ الصَّرِيحَةُ فِي الْبَيْعِ أَوِ السِّلْعَةِ تَمْنَعُ مِنْ حَمْلِ الْحُكْمِ فِيهَا عَلَى الْوَدَائِعِ وَالْعَوَارِي وَالْغَصُوبِ مَعَ تَعْلِيقِهِ إِيَّاهُ فِي جَمِيعِ ⦗٢٤٧⦘ الرِّوَايَاتِ بِالْإِفْلَاسِ، وَلَا تَأْثِيرَ لِلْإِفْلَاسِ فِي رُجُوعِ أَصْحَابِ الْوَدَائِعِ وَالْعَوَارِي وَالْغَصُوبِ فِي أَعْيَانِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ،\n\n١١٨٢١ - ثُمَّ هُوَ عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الْأَوَّلِ عَامٌّ، وَالتَّخْصِيصُ بِغَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ مَرْدُودٌ، وَمَنْ يَدَّعِي الْمَعْرِفَةَ بِالْآثَارِ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، ثُمَّ يُرْدِفَهُ بِقَوْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالْحَسَنِ: هُوَ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ، فَالتَّخْصِيصُ بِقَوْلِهِمَا لَا يَجُوزُ،\n\n١١٨٢٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ قَضَى بِذَلِكَ،\n\n١١٨٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَلَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَالَفَ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيًّا فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"8","page":246},{"text":"١١٨٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْمُعْتَمِرِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ خَلْدَةَ الزُّرَقِيِّ، وَكَانَ قَاضِي الْمَدِينَةِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: جِئْنَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فِي صَاحِبٍ لَنَا قَدْ أَفْلَسَ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا الَّذِي قَضَى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مَاتَ أَوْ أَفْلَسَ فَصَاحِبُ الْمَتَاعِ أَحَقُّ بِمَتَاعِهِ إِذَا وَجَدَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ».\n\n١١٨٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: عَمْرِو بْنِ رَافِعٍ، وَفِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نَافِعٍ بِالنُّونِ، وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ، وَابْنُ خَلْدَةَ هُوَ عُمَرُ بْنُ خَلْدَةَ، وَيُقَالُ: عَمْرٌو، وَعُمَرُ أَصَحُّ ⦗٢٤٨⦘،\n\n١١٨٢٦ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «إِلَّا أَنْ يَدَعَ الرَّجُلَ وَفَاءً».\n\n١١٨٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِحَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُعْتَمِرِ فِي التَّفْلِيسِ نَأْخُذُ،\n\n١١٨٢٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ مَا جَاءَ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَالثَّقَفِيِّ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ التَّفْلِيسِ، وَتَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي الْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ سَوَاءٌ، وَحَدِيثَاهُمَا ثَابِتَانِ مُتَّصِلَانِ،\n\n١١٨٢٩ - ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلَهُ شَبِيهًا بِالشُّفْعَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ مَنْ خَالَفَهُ: أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ يَثْبُتْ لَكَ الْخَبَرَ؟\n\n١١٨٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ: إِذًا يَصِيرُ إِلَى مَوْضُوعِ الْجَهْلِ أَوِ الْمُعَانَدَةِ\n\n١١٨٣١ - قَالَ: إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَحْدَهُ،\n\n١١٨٣٢ - قُلْنَا: مَا نَعْرِفُ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رِوَايَةً إِلَّا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَحْدَهُ، وَإِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لِكِفَايَةٌ تَثْبُتُ بِمِثْلِهَا السُّنَّةُ\n\n١١٨٣٣ - قَالَ: أَهُوَ حَدَّثَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ يُثْبِتُونَ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رِوَايَةً لَمْ يَرَوِهَا غَيْرُهُ أَوْ لِغَيْرِهِ،\n\n١١٨٣٤ - قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ\n\n١١٨٣٥ - قَالَ: وَأَيْنَ هِيَ؟","vol":"8","page":247},{"text":"١١٨٣٦ - قُلْتُ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا وَلَا خَالَتِهَا». فَأَخَذْنَا نَحْنُ وَأَنْتَ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يَرْوِهِ أَحَدٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: تَثْبُتُ رِوَايَتُهُ غَيْرُهُ\n\n١١٨٣٧ - قَالَ: أَجَلْ، وَلَكِنَّ النَّاسَ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَيْهَا،\n\n١١٨٣٨ - قُلْتُ: فَذَلِكَ أَوْجَبَ الْحِجَّةَ عَلَيْكَ، أَنْ يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَحْدَهُ، وَلَا يَذْهَبُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى تَوْهِينِهِ، بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، وَقَالَ: ﴿وَأَحَلَّ لَكُمْ مَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤]. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا، وَفِي إِيرَادِ الْمُفْرَدَاتِ","vol":"8","page":249},{"text":"١١٨٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نُوَافِقُكَ فِي مَالِ الْمُفْلِسِ إِذَا كَانَ حَيًّا، وَنُخَالِفُكَ فِيهِ إِذَا مَاتَ، وَحُجَّتُنَا فِيهِ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الَّذِي قَدْ سَمِعْتَهُ،\n\n١١٨٤٠ - فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ كَانَ فِيمَا قَرَأْنَا عَلَى مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ بَاعَ مَتَاعًا فَأَفْلَسَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ وَلَمْ يَقْبِضِ الْبَائِعُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ شَيْئًا فَوَجَدَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، فَإِنْ مَاتَ الْمُشْتَرِي فَصَاحِبُ السِّلْعَةِ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ».\n\n١١٨٤١ - فَقَالَ: فَلِمَ لَمْ تَأْخُذْ بِهَذَا؟\n\n١١٨٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الَّذِي أَخَذْتُ بِهِ أَوْلَى مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ مَا أَخَذْتُ بِهِ مَوْصُولٌ يَجْمَعُ فِيهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْإِفْلَاسِ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَلَوْ لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُ غَيْرُهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِمَّا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ، فَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي تَرْكِهِ حُجَّةٌ إِلَّا هَذَا ابْتُغِيَ لِمَنْ عَرَفَ الْحَدِيثَ تَرْكُهُ مِنَ الْوَجْهَيْنِ، مَعَ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَرْوِي عَنْ ⦗٢٥٠⦘ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثَهُ، لَيْسَ فِيمَا رَوَى ابْنُ شِهَابٍ عَنْهُ مُرْسَلًا إِنْ كَانَ رَوَاهُ كُلَّهُ، وَلَا أَدْرِي عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ، وَلَعَلَّهُ رَوَى أَوَّلَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَالَ بِرَأْيهِ آخِرَهِ،\n\n١١٨٤٣ - وَمَوْجُودٌ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ انْتَهَى بِالْقَوْلِ: «فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ» أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا زَادَ عَلَى هَذَا قَوْلًا مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لَا رِوَايَةً","vol":"8","page":249},{"text":"١١٨٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ مِلْحَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَفْلَسَ ثُمَّ وَجَدَ رَجُلٌ سِلْعَتَهُ عِنْدَهُ بِعَيْنِهَا فَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ».\n\n١١٨٤٥ - قَالَ اللَّيْثُ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَمَّا مَنْ مَاتَ مِمَّنْ أَفْلَسَ ثُمَّ وَجَدَ رَجُلٌ سِلْعَتَهُ بِعَيْنِهَا فَهُوَ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ. يُحَدِّثُ بِذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ. هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي آخِرِهِ،\n\n١١٨٤٦ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ كَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِمَّا رُوِّينَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ خَلْدَةَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":250},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-825>بَيْعُ مَالِ مَنْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ</span>","vol":"8","page":251},{"text":"١١٨٤٧ - فِي مُخْتَصَرٌ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَالرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ: \" وَإِذَا وَجَبَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ حَقٌّ وَلَهُ مَالٌ فَقَالَ: لَا أَبِيعُ، بَاعَ السُّلْطَانُ عَلَيْهِ \"،\n\n١١٨٤٨ - وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: بَاعَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ غَنِيمَةً لَهُ،\n\n١١٨٤٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ مُعَاذٍ حِينَ خَلَّفَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ لِغُرَمَائِهِ \".\n\n١١٨٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ فَهُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا ⦗٢٥٢⦘،\n\n١١٨٥١ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"8","page":251},{"text":"١١٨٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ فَهْدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَجَرَ عَلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ مَالَهُ، وَبَاعَهُ فِي دَيْنٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"8","page":252},{"text":"١١٨٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ دِلَافٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: \" أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ كَانَ يَشْتَرِي الرَّوَاحِلَ فَيُغَالِي بِهَا، ثُمَّ يُسْرِعُ السَّيْرَ فَيَسْبِقُ الْحَاجَّ، فَأَفْلَسَ، فَرُفِعَ أَمْرُهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: \" أَمَّا بَعْدُ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، فَإِنَّ الْأُسَيْفِعَ أُسَيْفِعَ جُهَيْنَةَ رَضِيَ مِنْ دِينِهِ وَأَمَانَتِهِ أَنْ يُقَالَ: سَبَقَ الْحَاجَّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ دَانَ مُعْرِضًا، فَأَصْبَحَ وَقَدْ رِينَ بِهِ، فَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِالْغَدَاةِ نَقْسِمْ مَالَهُ بَيْنَ غُرَمَائِهِ، وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَالدَّيْنَ، فَإِنَّ أَوَّلَهُ هَمٌ، وَآخِرَهُ حَرْبٌ \".\n\n١١٨٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ، فَقَالَ: نُبِّئْتُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: «نُقْسِمْ مَالَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحِصَصِ»","vol":"8","page":252},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-826>حُلُولِ الدَّيْنِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"8","page":253},{"text":"١١٨٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَفْسُ الْمُؤْمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ»","vol":"8","page":253},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-827>لَا يُؤَاجَرُ الْحُرُّ فِي دَيْنٍ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا لَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ شَيْءٌ</span>","vol":"8","page":254},{"text":"١١٨٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٠]،\n\n١١٨٥٧ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظَلَمٌ».\n\n١١٨٥٨ - فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى ذِي الدَّيْنِ سَبِيلًا فِي الْعُسْرَةِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ الْمَيْسَرَةُ. وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَطْلَهُ ظَالِمًا إِلَّا بِالْغِنَى، فَإِذَا كَانَ مُعْسِرًا لَيْسَ مِمَّنْ عَلَيْهِ سَبِيلٌ إِلَى أَنْ يُوسِرَ","vol":"8","page":254},{"text":"١١٨٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ، وَإِذَا أُتْبِعَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ» ⦗٢٥٥⦘. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":254},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-828>١٦ - كتاب الحجر</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-829>بَابُ الْحَجْرِ</span>","vol":"8","page":257},{"text":"١١٨٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: \" ﴿وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٦] \"\n\n١١٨٦١ - قَالَ: فَدَلَّتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَجْرَ ثَابِتٌ عَلَى الْيَتَامَى حَتَّى يَجْمَعُوا خَصْلَتَيْنِ: الْبُلُوغُ وَالرُّشْدُ،\n\n١١٨٦٢ - فَالْبُلُوغُ: اسْتِكْمَالُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، الذِّكْرُ وَالْأُنْثَى فِي ذَلِكَ سَوَاءٌ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَحْتَلِمَ الرَّجُلُ أَوْ تَحِيضَ الْمَرْأَةُ قَبْلَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ الْبُلُوغَ،\n\n١١٨٦٣ - وَالرَّشَدُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: الصَّلَاحُ فِي الدِّينِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ الشَّهَادَةُ جَائِزَةً، وَإِصْلَاحُ الْمَالِ بِأَنْ يَخْتَبِرَ الْيَتِيمَ \". وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ","vol":"8","page":261},{"text":"١١٨٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «عُرِضْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَلَمْ يُجِزْنِي، وَعُرِضْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَأَجَازَنِي يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ».\n\n١١٨٦٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ ⦗٢٦٢⦘.\n\n١١٨٦٦ - وَاسْتَشْهَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «فِي الْقِتَالِ».\n\n١١٨٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٨٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُرَيْشٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١١٨٦٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِهِمَا مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: فَقَدِمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَعُمَرُ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَلِيفَةٌ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا يَحُدُّ بَيْنَ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ أَنْ أَفْرِضُوا لِابْنِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ، وَمَا كَانَ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَأَلْحِقُوهُ بِالْعِيَالِ.\n\n١١٨٧٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ: «وَمَنْ كَانَ دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَاجْعَلُوهُ فِي الْعِيَالِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١١٨٧١ - وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَ أُحُدٍ وَالْخَنْدَقِ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ سَنَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ سَنَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ أُحُدًا كَانَتْ لِسَنَتَيْنِ وَنِصْفٍ مِنْ مَقْدَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَالْخَنْدَقَ لِأَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ وَنِصْفٍ مِنْ مَقْدَمِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ. فَقَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ: «وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً» ⦗٢٦٣⦘، يُرِيدُ: طَعَنْتُ فِي الرَّابِعِ عَشَرَ، وَقَوْلُهُ فِي يَوْمِ الْخَنْدَقِ: «وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ»، أَيِ: اسْتَكْمَلْتُهَا وَزِدْتُ عَلَيْهَا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَنْقُلِ الزِّيَادَةَ لَعِلْمِهِ بِدَلَالَةِ الْحَالِ، فَعَلَّقَ الْحُكْمَ بِالْخَمْسِ عَشْرَةَ دُونَ الزِّيَادَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":261},{"text":"١١٨٧٢ - وَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَعْنَى الرُّشْدِ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا﴾ [النساء: ٦] \". قَالَ: «صَلَاحًا لِدِينِهِ، وَحِفْظًا لِمَالِهِ»","vol":"8","page":263},{"text":"١١٨٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «رُشْدًا فِي الدِّينِ، وَإِصْلَاحًا فِي الْمَالِ»\n\n١١٨٧٤ - وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ","vol":"8","page":263},{"text":"وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: الْكَلْبِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ صَلَاحًا فِي دِينِهِمْ، وَحِفْظًا لِأَمْوَالِهِمْ».\n\n١١٨٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدَّهَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى مَا مَضَى","vol":"8","page":263},{"text":"١١٨٧٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَعْنَاهُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ: ﴿فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا﴾ [النساء: ٦]. قَالَ: «الْيَتِيمُ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ مَالُهُ بِحُلُمٍ، وَعَقْلٍ، وَوَقَارٍ»","vol":"8","page":263},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-830>الْإِنْبَاتُ فِي أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ حَدُّ الْبُلُوغِ</span>\n١١٨٧٧ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ بِحَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِيمَنْ حَكَمَ فِيهِ سَعْدٌ، فَكَانَ مَنْ أَنْبَتَ قُتِلَ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُنْبِتْ تُرِكَ، فَكُنْتُ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يُنْبِتْ فَتُرِكْتُ.","vol":"8","page":264},{"text":"١١٨٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَطِيَّةُ الْقُرَظِيُّ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ مِنْ سَبْيِ قُرَيْظَةَ، فَكَانُوا يَنْظُرُونَ، فَمَنْ أَنْبَتَ الشَّعْرَ قُتِلَ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُنْبِتْ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ، فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ لَمْ يُنْبِتْ».\n\n١١٨٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ حُكْمُ سَعْدٍ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ: أَنْ يُقْتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةُ، وَتُسْبَى الذُّرِّيَّةُ. فَكَانَ الْعَلَمَ فِي الْمُقَاتِلَةِ وَالذُّرِّيَّةِ الْإِنْبَاتُ","vol":"8","page":264},{"text":"١١٨٨٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ⦗٢٦٥⦘، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: أَنَّ سَعْدًا حَكَمَ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ: أَنْ تُقْتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتُهُمْ، وَأَنْ تُسْبَى ذَرَارِيهِمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «حَكَمْتَ بِحُكْمِ اللَّهِ».\n\n١١٨٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَاكِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"8","page":264},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-831>دَفْعُ مَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ إِلَيْهَا بِبُلُوغِهَا وَرُشْدِهَا، وَجَوَازُ تَصَرُّفِهَا</span>","vol":"8","page":266},{"text":"١١٨٨٢ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِآيَةِ الِابْتِلَاءِ، وَبِآيَةِ الصَّدَاقِ، وَالْعَفْوِ، وَالِافْتِدَاءِ، وَالْوَصِيَّةِ،\n\n١١٨٨٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَخْبَرَتْهُ، أَنَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةَ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: خَرَجَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، فَوَجَدَ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ عِنْدَ بَابِهِ فِي الْغَلَسِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ هَذِهِ؟»، فَقَالَتْ: أَنَا حَبِيبَةُ بِنْتُ سَهْلٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا شَأْنُكِ؟»، فَقَالَتْ: لَا أَنَا وَلَا ثَابِتَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، لِزَوْجِهَا. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خُذْ مِنْهَا»، فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا، وَجَلَسَتْ فِي أَهْلِهَا","vol":"8","page":267},{"text":"١١٨٨٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ مَوْلَاةٍ لِصَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ: «أَنَّهَا اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَهَا، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ»","vol":"8","page":267},{"text":"١١٨٨٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، بِحَدِيثِ مَيْمُونَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا: \" مَا فَعَلَتْ جَارِيَتُكِ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَعْتَقْتُهَا، فَقَالَ: «أَمَا إِنَّكِ لَوْ أَعْطَيْتِهَا بَعْضَ أَخْوَالَكِ كَانَ خَيْرًا لَكِ»","vol":"8","page":267},{"text":"١١٨٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ أَخْبَرَتْهُ، أَنَّهَا أَعْتَقَتْ وَلِيدَةً لَهَا وَلَمْ تَسْتَأْذِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٦٨⦘، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُهَا الَّذِي يَدُورُ عَلَيْهَا فِيهِ قَالَتْ: أَشَعَرْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنِّي أَعْتَقْتُ وَلِيدَتِي فُلَانَةَ؟ قَالَ: «أَوَ فَعَلْتِ»؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: «أَمَا إِنَّكِ لَوْ أَعْطِيتِهَا أَخْوَالَكِ كَانَ أَعْظَمَ لِأَجْرِكِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ. وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَجُوزُ لِامْرَأَةٍ عَطِيَّةٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا». فَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ","vol":"8","page":267},{"text":"١١٨٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا مَلَكَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ لَمْ تَجُزْ عَطِيَّتُهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ».\n\n١١٨٨٨ - وَرَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «لَا تَجُوزُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ عَطِيَّةٌ فِي مَالِهَا إِذَا مَلَكَ زَوْجُهَا عِصْمَتَهَا» ⦗٢٦٩⦘.\n\n١١٨٨٩ - وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ تَوْسِعَةٌ فِي الْعِبَارَةِ، وَالْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ","vol":"8","page":268},{"text":"١١٨٩٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَلَوْ ذَهَبَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي لَا يَثْبُتُ أَنْ لَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تُعْطِيَ مِنْ دُونِ زَوْجِهَا إِلَّا مَا أَذِنَ زَوْجُهَا، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَجْهٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ زَوْجُهَا وَلِيًّا لَهَا».\n\n١١٨٩١ - وَقَالَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَالرَّبِيعِ: قَدْ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا فِي مَوْضُوعِ الِاخْتِبَارِ، كَمَا قِيلَ لَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تَصُومَ يَوْمًا وَزَوْجُهَا حَاضِرٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ","vol":"8","page":269},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-832>الْحَجْرُ عَلَى الْبَالِغِينَ</span>","vol":"8","page":270},{"text":"١١٨٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" الْحَجْرُ عَلَى الْبَالِغِينَ فِي آيَتَيْنِ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، وَهُمَا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: ﴿فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ، وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ، وَلَا يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهًا، أَوْ ضَعِيفًا، أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] \". وَسَاقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ كَلَامَهُ عَلَى الْآيَةِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَأَثْبَتَ الْوَلَايَةَ عَلَى السَّفِيهِ وَالضَّعِيفِ، وَالَّذِي لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ وَأَمَرَ وَلِيَّهُ بِالْإِمْلَاءِ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَقَامَهُ فِيمَا لَا غِنًى بِهِ عَنْ مَالِهِ مَقَامَهُ،\n\n١١٨٩٣ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: وَالَّذِي لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ يَحْتَمِلُ الْمَغْلُوبَ عَلَى عَقْلِهِ، وَهِيَ أَشْبَهُ مَعَانِيهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١١٨٩٤ - وَقَالَ: وَالْآيَةُ الْأُخْرَى قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى، حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٦]\n⦗٢٧٢⦘،\n\n١١٨٩٥ - فَأَمَرَ أَنْ تُدْفَعَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ إِذَا جَمَعُوا بُلُوغًا وَرُشْدًا. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ.\n\n١١٨٩٦ - ثُمَّ قَالَ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ خَالَفَهُ: وَجَدْنَا صَاحِبَكُمْ يَرْوِي الْحَجْرَ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَالَفْتُهُمْ وَمَعَهُمُ الْقُرْآنُ. قَالَ: وَأَيُّ صَاحِبٍ؟ قُلْتُ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَوْ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الصِّدْقِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، أَوْ هُمَا، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: ابْتَاعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ بَيْعًا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَآتِيَنَّ عُثْمَانَ فَلَأَحْجِرَنَّ عَلَيْكِ، فَأَعْلَمَ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الزُّبَيْرَ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا شَرِيكُكُ فِي بَيْعِكَ، فَأَتَى عَلِيٌّ عُثْمَانَ فَقَالَ: احْجُرْ عَلَى هَذَا، فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: أَنَا شَرِيكُهُ قَالَ عُثْمَانُ: أَحْجُرُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ شَرِيكُهُ الزُّبَيْرُ. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٨٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي، بِمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١١٨٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَعَلِيٌّ لَا يَطْلُبُ الْحَجْرَ إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَرَاهُ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ لَوْ كَانَ يَرَى الْحَجْرَ بَاطِلًا لَقَالَ: لَا يُحْجَرُ عَلَى بَالِغٍ حُرٍّ، وَكَذَلِكَ عُثْمَانُ، بَلْ كُلُّهُمْ يَعْرِفُ الْحَجْرَ فِي حَدِيثِ صَاحِبِكَ ⦗٢٧٣⦘.\n\n١١٨٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ ابْنِ أَخِي عَائِشَةَ لِأُمِّهَا، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ حُدِّثَتْ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ فِي بَيْعٍ أَوْ عَطَاءٍ أَعْطَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ: وَاللَّهِ لَتَنْتَهِيَنَّ عَائِشَةُ أَوْ لَأَحْجُرَنَّ عَلَيْهَا","vol":"8","page":271},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-833>١٧ - كِتَابُ الصُّلْحِ</span>","vol":"8","page":275},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-834>بَابُ الصُّلْحِ</span>","vol":"8","page":277},{"text":"١١٩٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «أَصْلُ الصُّلْحِ أَنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْبَيْعِ، فَمَا جَازَ فِي الْبَيْعِ جَازَ فِي الصُّلْحِ، وَمَا لَمْ يُجَزْ فِي الْبَيْعِ لَمْ يُجَزْ فِي الصُّلْحِ».\n\n١١٩٠١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁: «الصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا صُلْحًا أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا أَوْ حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا».\n\n١١٩٠٢ - قَالَ: وَمِنَ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي يَقَعُ فِي الصُّلْحِ: أَنْ يَقَعَ عِنْدِي عَلَى الْمَجْهُولِ الَّذِي لَوْ كَانَ بَيْعًا كَانَ حَرَامًا","vol":"8","page":277},{"text":"١١٩٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بُرْقَانَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ الْبَصْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَوَّامِ الْبَصْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ ⦗٢٧٨⦘ عُمَرُ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «وَالصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا صُلْحًا أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا، أَوْ حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا».\n\n١١٩٠٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ،\n\n١١٩٠٥ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١١٩٠٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١١٩٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ كَثِيرٍ","vol":"8","page":277},{"text":"١١٩٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَمْرِ، فَقَالَ:  «مَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا جَوْرًا، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ صُلْحٌ لَرَدَدْتُهُ».\n\n١١٩٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا، فَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ جَوْرًا فَهُوَ مَرْدُودٌ، وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّ مَنِ اصْطَلَحَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ»","vol":"8","page":278},{"text":"١١٩١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ مَعْنَى مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗٢٧٩⦘، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَوْ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ»","vol":"8","page":278},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-835>الِارْتِفَاقُ بِجِدَارِ الرَّجُلِ بِالْجُذُوعِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَغَيْرِ أَمْرِهِ</span>","vol":"8","page":280},{"text":"١١٩١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَمْنَعُ أَحَدُكُمْ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِي جِدَارِهِ». ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: مَالِي أُرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ، وَاللَّهِ لَأَرْمِينَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِكُمْ. اتَّفَقَا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١١٩١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ دَهْثَمِ بْنِ قُرَّانَ بِأَسَانِيدِهِ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ فِي قَضَائِهِ بِالْجِدَارِ لِمَنْ يَلِيهِ مَعَاقِدُ الْقِمْطِ، وَتَصْوِيبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِيَّاهُ حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"8","page":280},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-836>بَابُ الْحَوَالَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":281},{"text":"١١٩١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «وَإِذَا أَحَالَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ بِالْحَقِّ فَأَفْلَسَ الْمُحَالُ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ مَاتَ، وَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ، لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُحْتَالِ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَلَى الْمُحِيلِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ الْحَوَالَةَ تُحَوُّلُ حَقٍّ مِنْ مَوْضِعِهِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَمَا تَحَوَّلَ لَمْ يُعَدْ، وَالْحَوَالَةُ مُخَالِفَةٌ لِلْحِمَالَةِ»","vol":"8","page":281},{"text":"١١٩١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ، وَإِذَا أُتْبِعَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١١٩١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَاحْتَجَّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بِأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ قَالَ فِي الْحَوَالَةِ أَوِ الْكَفَالَةِ: تَرْجِعُ صَاحِبَهَا، لَا يَتْوِي عَلَى مَالِ مُسْلِمٍ. فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَعْرُوفٍ مُنْقَطِعٌ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ،\n\n١١٩١٦ - فَهُوَ فِي أَصْلِ قَوْلِهِ بَاطِلٌ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي أَقَالَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْحَوَالَةِ أَوِ الْكَفَالَةِ.\n\n١١٩١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ خُلَيْدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِيَاسَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَأَرَادَ بِالرَّجُلِ الْمَجْهُولِ خُلَيْدَ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ جَدًّا، وَلَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ،\n\n١١٩١٨ - وَأَمَّا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فَإِنَّهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مَعَ الْمُسْتَمِرِّ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي يَرْوِيَانِهِ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي الْمِسْكِ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَكَانَ شُعْبَةُ يَرْوِي عَنْهُ، وَيُثْنِي عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا ⦗٢٨٣⦘،\n\n١١٩١٩ - وَأَرَادَ بِالرَّجُلِ الْمَعْرُوفِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ قُرَّةَ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَأَبُو إِيَاسَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ قُرَّةَ مِنَ الطَّبَقَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ مِنْ تَابِعِي أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ، فَهُوَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، وَلَا كَانَ فِي زَمَانِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-837>بَابُ الضَّمَانِ</span>\n١١٩٢٠ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قَالُوا نَفْقِدُ صُوَاعَ الْمَلِكِ وَلِمَنْ جَاءَ بِهِ حِمْلُ بَعِيرٍ وَأَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ﴾ [يوسف: ٧٢]،\n\n١١٩٢١ - وَقَالَ: ﴿سَلْهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ بِذَلِكَ زَعِيمٌ﴾ [القلم: ٤٠]،\n\n١١٩٢٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَالزَّعِيمُ غَارِمٌ» قَالَ: وَالزَّعِيمُ فِي اللُّغَةِ هُوَ الْكَفِيلُ.","vol":"8","page":284},{"text":"١١٩٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الزَّعِيمُ غَارِمٌ» ⦗٢٨٥⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":284},{"text":"وَفِي حَدِيثِ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «أَنَا زَعِيمٌ، وَالزَّعِيمُ الْحَمِيلُ، لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِي، وَأَسْلَمَ، وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِبَيْتٍ فِي رَبَضِ الْجَنَّةِ». وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو هَانِئٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْجَنَبِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ فَضَالَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١١٩٢٤ - وَذَكَرَ الْمُزَنِيُّ حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَإِنَّمَا بَلَغَنَا ذَلِكَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الْوَصَّافِيِّ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ،\n\n١١٩٢٥ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَكِلَاهُمَا ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"8","page":285},{"text":"١١٩٢٦ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الصَّحِيحُ فِي ذَلِكَ، حَدِيثُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، قَالَ: \" أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بِجِنَازَةٍ فَقَالَ: «هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟» قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: \" هَلْ تَرَكَ شَيْئًا؟ قَالُوا: لَا. قَالَ: «صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ». قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: هُوَ عَلَيَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \".\n\n١١٩٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٢٨٦⦘ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،\n\n١١٩٢٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، بِمَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١١٩٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَتَحَمَّلَهُمَا أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، يَعْنِي الدِّينَارَيْنِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «هُمَا عَلَيْكَ حَقُّ الْغَرِيمِ، وَبَرِئَ مِنْهُمَا الْمَيِّتُ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: \" مَا فَعَلَ الدِّينَارَانِ فَقَالَ: \" إنَّمَا مَاتَ أَمْسِ، فَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ كَالْغَدِ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ قَضَيْتُهُمَا، فَقَالَ: «الْآنَ بَرَدَتْ عَلَيْهِ جِلْدُهُ»،\n\n١١٩٣٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْحَمَالَةِ: فَهُوَ مَذْكُورٌ بِتَمَامِهِ فِي كِتَابِ قَسَمِ الصَّدَقَاتِ","vol":"8","page":285},{"text":"١١٩٣١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُنَادِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَأَبِي، وَإِمَامُ الْحَيِّ، عَلَى أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: حَدِّثْنَا حَدِيثًا سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَنْفَعُنَا اللَّهُ بِهِ، قَالَ: \" مَاتَ رَجُلٌ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، تُصَلَّى ⦗٢٨٧⦘ عَلَيْهِ؟ فَقَالَ: «هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟» قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «أَفَيَضْمَنُهُ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ حَتَّى أُصَلِّيَ؟» قَالُوا، لَا قَالَ: «فَمَا يَنْفَعُكُمْ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مُرْتَهَنٍ فِي قَبْرِهِ حَتَّى يَبْعَثَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيُحَاسِبَهُ»،\n\n١١٩٣٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ عِيسَى، سَمِعَ أَنَسًا، يَقُولُ: وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «إِنْ ضَمِنْتُمْ دَيْنَهُ صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ».\n\n١١٩٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَجَرِيرٍ، وَالْأَشْعَثَ فِي قِصَّةِ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ النَّوَّاحَةِ وَاسْتِتَابَتِهِمْ، وَتَكْفِيلِهِمْ عَشَائِرَهُمْ كَفَالَةً بِالْبُدْنِ فِي غَيْرِ مَالٍ،\n\n١١٩٣٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَسْلَمِيِّ فِي أَخْذِهِ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي وَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ كَفَلَاءَ، كَفَالَةٌ فِي غَيْرِ الْمَالِ،\n\n١١٩٣٥ - وَكَانَ شُرَيْحٌ، وَمَسْرُوقٌ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ يَقُولُونَ: لَا كَفَالَةَ فِي حَدٍّ. وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"8","page":286},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-838>بَابُ الشَّرِكَةِ </span>⦗٢٨٩⦘\n١١٩٣٧ - فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ، وَالرَّبِيعِ، وَرِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي الْجَارُوَدِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: «لَا تَجُوزُ الشَّرِكَةُ إِلَّا بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ، وَلَا تَجُوزُ الشَّرِكَةُ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ حَتَّى يَخْتَلِطَا»","vol":"8","page":288},{"text":"١١٩٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوزْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الزِّبْرِقَانِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، رَفَعَهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ يَقُولُ: أَنَا ثَالِثُ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ مَا لَمْ يَخُنْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ، فَإِذَا خَانَهُ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمَا \".\n\n١١٩٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَسَدِيَّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ مِثْلَهُ. غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ.\n\n١١٩٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا تَجُوزُ الشَّرِكَةُ بِالْعُرُوضِ\n\n١١٩٤٠ - قَالَ: وَإِنِ اشْتَرَكَ أَرْبَعَةُ نَفَرٍ، لِأَحَدِهِمُ الْبَذْرُ، وَلِلْآخَرِ الْأَرْضُ وَلِلْآخَرِ الْفَدَّانُ، وَلِلْآخَرِ عَمِلُ يَدِهِ، فَالزَّرْعُ لِصَاحِبِ الْبَذْرِ، وَالشَّرِكَةُ فَاسِدَةٌ، وَلِهَؤُلَاءِ إِجَازَةُ مَثَلِهِمْ، فَإِنِ احْتَجَّ رَجُلٌ بِحَدِيثِ رَافِعٍ، فَالشَّرِكَةُ مُخَالِفَةٌ لِحَدِيثِ رَافِعٍ؛ لِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ رَافِعٍ عَاضِبٌ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَالْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَلْقَ عَطَاءٌ رَافِعًا","vol":"8","page":289},{"text":"١١٩٤١ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ⦗٢٩٠⦘، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ زَرَعَ فِي أَرْضِ قَوْمٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ شَيْءٌ، وَلَهُ نَفَقَتُهُ».\n\n١١٩٤٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، وَقَالَ: «وَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَتَهُ»،\n\n١١٩٤٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ.\n\n١١٩٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، عَنْهُ: كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنَّ عَطَاءً عَنْ رَافِعٍ مُرْسَلٌ، حَتَّى تَبَيَّنَ لِي أَنَّ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ مُرْسَلٌ، ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ.\n\n١١٩٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَانَ مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ يُنْكِرُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ وَيُضَعِّفُهُ، وَيَقُولُ: لَمْ يَسْمَعْ عَطَاءٌ مِنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ شَيْئًا. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَضَعَّفَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَيْضًا،\n\n١١٩٤٦ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَقَيْسٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ ⦗٢٩١⦘،\n\n١١٩٤٧ - وَرَوَى مَعْنَاهُ بُكَيْرُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نُعْمٍ، عَنْ رَافِعٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ،\n\n١١٩٤٨ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُنْقَطِعٍ. وَفُقَهَاءُ الْأَمْصَارِ قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّ الزَّرْعَ لَا يَسْتَحِقُّهُ صَاحِبُ الْأَرْضِ بِأَرْضِهِ إِذَا كَانَ الْبَذْرُ لِغَيْرِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَمْلِكُ أَخَذَهُ بِتَحْوِيلِهِ عَنْ أَرْضِهِ إِذَا كَانَ الزَّرْعُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ","vol":"8","page":289},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-839>بَابُ الْوَكَالَةِ</span>\n١١٩٤٩ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي جَوَازِ الْوَكَالَةِ بِآيَةِ الْحَكَمَيْنِ، وَبِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ فِي بَعَثِهِ الْحَكَمَيْنِ عِنْدَ شِقَاقِ الزَّوْجَيْنِ\n\n١١٩٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَأَقْبَلُ الْوَكَالَةَ مِنَ الْحَاضِرِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ فِي الْعُذْرِ، وَغَيْرِ الْعُذْرِ.\n\n١١٩٥١ - وَقَدْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁، وَكَّلَ عِنْدَ عُثْمَانَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ، وَعَلِيٌّ حَاضِرٌ، فَقِيلَ: ذَلِكَ عُثْمَانُ،\n\n١١٩٥٢ - وَكَانَ يُوَكِّلُ قَبْلَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَقِيلَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَلَا أَحْسِبُهُ كَانَ يُوَكِّلُهُ إِلَّا عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَلَعَلَّ عِنْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ﵃ \"","vol":"8","page":292},{"text":"١١٩٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ لِلْخُصُومَةِ قَحْمًا، وَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَحْضُرُهَا» وَهَذَا كُلَّهُ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"8","page":293},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-840>بَابُ الْإِقْرَارِ</span>","vol":"8","page":294},{"text":"١١٩٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «أَقَرَّ مَاعِزٌ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالزِّنَا، فَرَجَمَهُ، وَأَمَرَ أُنَيْسًا أَنْ يَغْدُوَ عَلَى امْرَأَةِ رَجُلٍ فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ بِالزِّنَا فَارْجُمْهَا» ⦗٢٩٥⦘.\n\n١١٩٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَمَنْ أَقَرَّ مِنَ الْبَالِغِينَ غَيْرِ الْمَغْلُوبِينَ عَلَى عُقُولِهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ يَلْزَمُهُ بِهِ عُقُوبَةٌ فِي بَدَنِهِ لَزِمَهُ ذَلِكَ الْإِقْرَارِ، حُرًّا كَانَ أَوْ مَمْلُوكًا، مَحْجُورًا كَانَ أَوْ غَيْرَ مَحْجُورٍ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١١٩٥٦ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ أَمَرَتْ عَائِشَةُ بِعَبْدٍ أَقَرَّ بِالسَّرِقَةِ فَقُطِعَ\n\n١١٩٥٧ - قَالَ: وَمَا أَقَرَّ بِهِ الْحُرَّانِ الْبَالِغَانِ غَيْرُ الْمَحْجُورَيْنِ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمَا لَزِمَهُمَا، وَمَا أَقَرَّ بِهِ الْحُرَّانِ الْمَحْجُورَانِ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمَا لَمْ يَلْزَمْ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا فِي الْحُكْمِ فِي الدُّنْيَا","vol":"8","page":294},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-841>ضَمَانُ الدَّرَكِ</span>","vol":"8","page":296},{"text":"١١٩٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ الْبَتِّيِّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا «قَضَى بِالْخَلَاصِ»\n\n١١٩٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، فِيمَنْ بَاعَ جَارِيَةَ غَيْرِهِ فَوُجِدَتْ عِنْدَ الْمُشْتَرِي قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «يَأْخُذُ صَاحِبُ الْجَارِيَةِ جَارِيَتَهُ، وَيُؤْخَذُ الْبَائِعُ بِالْخَلَاصِ»،\n\n١١٩٦٠ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْأَوَّلِ أَنَّهُ قَضَى بِالْخَلَاصِ، أَيْ: بِالرُّجُوعِ بِالثَّمَنِ","vol":"8","page":296},{"text":"١١٩٦١ - ورُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ وَجَدَ عَيْنَ مَالِهِ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، وَيَتْبَعُ الْبَيْعَ مَنْ بَاعَهُ». أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":296},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-842>إِقْرَارُ الْوَارِثِ بِوَارِثٍ</span>","vol":"8","page":297},{"text":"١١٩٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ بْنَ زَمْعَةَ، وَسَعْدًا، اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَوْصَانِي أَخِي: إِذَا قَدِمْتَ مَكَّةَ أَنِ انْظُرْ إِلَى ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ، فَاقْبِضهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ ابْنِي فَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ: أَخِي، وَابْنُ أَمَةِ أَبِي، وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ أَبِي، فَرَأَى شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بِعُتْبَةَ فَقَالَ: «هُوَ لَكَ يَا عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ، الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدِ بْنِ مُسَرْهَدٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «هُوَ أَخُوكَ يَا عَبْدُ»،\n\n١١٩٦٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَفِيهِ: فَقَالَ: «هُوَ أَخُوكَ يَا عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ، مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ أَبِيهِ» ⦗٢٩٨⦘.\n\n١١٩٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَلْحَقَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بِدَعْوَةِ الْأَخِ وَأَمَرَ سَوْدَةَ أَنْ تَحْتَجِبَ مِنْهُ لَمَّا رَأَى مِنْ شَبَهِهِ بِعُتْبَةَ، فَكَانَ فِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَدْفَعْهُ، وَأَنَّهَا ادَّعَتْ مِنْهُ مَا ادَّعَى أَخَوَاهَا.\n\n١١٩٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهَا: «وَأَمَّا أَنْتِ فَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَكِ بِأَخٍ»، لَمْ يَثْبُتْ إِسْنَادُهُ","vol":"8","page":297},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-843>بَابُ الْعَارِيَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":299},{"text":"١١٩٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الْعَارِيَةُ مَضْمُونَةٌ كُلُّهَا، اسْتَعَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ سِلَاحًا فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «عَارِيَةٌ مَضْمُونَةٌ مُؤَدَّاةٌ»\n\n١١٩٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «إِنَّ الْعَارِيَةَ مَضْمُونَةٌ»","vol":"8","page":299},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وسَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنْ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَعَارَ مِنْهُ أَدْرَاعًا يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ، فَقُلْتُ: أَغَصْبٌ يَا مُحَمَّدُ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، بَلْ عَارِيَةٌ مَضْمُونَةٌ»","vol":"8","page":299},{"text":"١١٩٦٨ - ورُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «عَلَى الْيَدِ مَا أَخَذَتْ حَتَّى تُؤَدِّيَهُ». أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"8","page":300},{"text":"١١٩٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قَرَأْنَا عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: هُوَ ابْنُ السَّائِبِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا اسْتَعَارَ بَعِيرًا مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَعَطَبَ، فَأَتَى بِهِ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ، فَأَرْسَلَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَأَرْفَعَهُ بَيْنَ السِّمَاطَيْنِ، فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: «يَغْرُمُ» قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَضْمَنُ الْعَارِيَةَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ: «أَنِ اضْمَنْهَا»\n\n١١٩٧٠ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ: لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْتَعِيرِ غَيْرَ الْمُغَلِّ ضَمَانٌ، وَلَا عَلَى الْمُسْتَوْدِعِ غَيْرَ الْمُغَلِّ ضَمَانٌ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَصِحُّ مِنْ قَوْلِ شُرَيْحٍ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ ⦗٣٠١⦘، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١١٩٧١ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ، عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، وَعُبَيْدُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ ضَعِيفَانِ\n\n١١٩٧٢ - قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ وَغَيْرُهُ","vol":"8","page":300},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-844>بَابُ الْغَصْبِ</span>","vol":"8","page":302},{"text":"١١٩٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ⦗٣٠٤⦘، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ ظَلَمَ مِنْ أَرْضٍ شِبْرًا طُوِّقَهُ مِنْ سَبْعِ أَرَضِينَ»","vol":"8","page":303},{"text":"١١٩٧٤ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَهْلٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ ظَلَمَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ شَيْئًا فَإِنَّهُ يُطَوَّقُهُ مِنْ سَبْعِ أَرَضِينَ». أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: قَرَأْنَا عَلَى أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، أَنَّ شُعَيْبَ بْنَ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ","vol":"8","page":304},{"text":"١١٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوِ اغْتَصَبَهُ أَرْضًا فَغَرَسَهَا نَخْلًا أَوْ أُصُولًا، أَوْ بَنَى فِيهَا بِنَاءً، كَانَ عَلَيْهِ كِرَاءُ مِثْلِ الْأَرْضِ بِالْحَالِ الَّتِي اغْتَصَبَهُ إِيَّاهَا، وَكَانَ عَلَى الْبَانِي وَالْغَارِسِ أَنْ يَقْلَعَ بِنَاءَهُ وَغِرَاسَهُ، وَضَمَانُ مَا نَقَصَ الْقَلْعُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ أَنْ يُثَبِّتَ فِيهَا عِرْقًا ظَالِمًا، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ»","vol":"8","page":304},{"text":"١١٩٧٦ - أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيِّتَةً لَمْ تَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلَهُ فَهِيَ لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ».\n\n١١٩٧٧ - قَالَ: فَلَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِي صَاحِبُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ أَبْصَرَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ بَيَاضَةَ يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَجَمَةٍ لِأَحَدِهِمَا غَرَسَ فِيهَا الْآخَرُ نَخْلًا، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لِصَاحِبِ الْأَرْضِ بِأَرْضِهِ، وَأَمَرَ صَاحِبَ النَّخْلِ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ نَخْلَهُ. قَالَ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ يَضْرِبُ فِي أُصُولِ النَّخْلِ بِالْفَأْسِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَنَخْلٌ عَمٌّ\n\n١١٩٧٨ - قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَالْعَمُّ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: وَالْعَمُّ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِالْقَصِيرِ وَلَا بِالطَّوِيلِ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ: الْقَدِيمُ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ: الطَّوِيلُ. وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرِ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَكْبَرُ ظَنِّي أَنَّهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ: فَأَنَا رَأَيْتُ الرَّجُلَ يَضْرِبُ فِي أُصُولِ النَّخْلِ","vol":"8","page":305},{"text":"١١٩٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَإِنْ تَأَوَّلَ رَجُلٌ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا ضَرَرَ وَلَا ضِرَارَ»، فَهَذَا الْكَلَامُ مُجْمَلٌ لَا يَحْتَمِلُ لِرَجُلٍ شَيْئًا إِلَّا احْتَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ خِلَافَهُ، وَوَجْهُهُ الَّذِي يَصِحُّ بِهِ أَنْ ⦗٣٠٦⦘ لَا ضَرَرَ فِي أَنْ لَا يَحْمِلَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ فِي مَالِهِ مَا لَيْسَ بِوَاجِبٍ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا ضِرَارَ فِي أَنْ يَمْنَعَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ ضَرَرًا، وَلِكُلِّ مَالِهِ وَعَلَيْهِ \"\n\n١١٩٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَثْرِبِّيٍّ الضَّمْرِيِّ: أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ خُطْبَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِنًى، وَكَانَ فِيمَا خَطَبَ بِهِ: «وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ».\n\n١١٩٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١١٩٨٢ - وَعَنْ أَبِي حَرَّةَ الرَّقَاشِيِّ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١١٩٨٣ - وَإِذَا ضُمَّ بَعْضُهُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ صَارَ قَوِيًّا\n\n١١٩٨٤ - وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَحِلُّ لَامْرِئٍ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَصَا أَخِيهِ بِغَيْرِ طِيبِ نَفْسِهِ، وَذَلِكَ لِشِدَّةِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ مَالَ الْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ»\n\n١١٩٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكَرَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣٠٧⦘ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ بِمِنًى: «أَلَا إِنَّ دِمَائَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ حَرَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ، كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا»","vol":"8","page":305},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-845>بَابُ الشُّفْعَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":308},{"text":"١١٩٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الشُّفْعَةُ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ».\n\n١١٩٨٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ أَوْ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ، لَا يُخَالِطُهُ","vol":"8","page":308},{"text":"١١٩٨٨ - وأَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَحْمَشٍ الْفَقِيهُ، مِنْ أَصْلِ سَمَاعِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمُحَمَّدَ آبَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الشُّفْعَةُ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ» ⦗٣٠٩⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ،\n\n١١٩٨٩ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَزَادُوا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «وَصُرِّفَتِ الطُّرُقُ»","vol":"8","page":308},{"text":"١١٩٩٠ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الشُّفْعَةُ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَعَرَفَ النَّاسُ حُدُودَهُمْ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»","vol":"8","page":309},{"text":"١١٩٩١ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الْحَافِظُ الْأَسَدَأَبَاذِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَدِيدِ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْبَلْخِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْجَنَدِيِّ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا حُدَّتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ».\n\n١١٩٩٢ - وَقَدْ تَابَعَ مَعْمَرًا عَلَى وَصْلِ الْحَدِيثِ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي الْأَخْضَرِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ⦗٣١٠⦘،\n\n١١٩٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ،\n\n١١٩٩٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْمَاجِشُونِ، وَأَبُو عَاصِمٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي قُتَيْلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِيهِ،\n\n١١٩٩٥ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَقَالَا: عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، أَوْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n١١٩٩٦ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ لَا يَشُكُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَلَا فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ يَشُكُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْهُمَا، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقَدْ قَامَتِ الْحُجَّةُ بِرِوَايَتِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ،\n\n١١٩٩٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ،\n\n١١٩٩٨ - وَقَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ ﵀، وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَوَصَلَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ غَيْرِ مَالِكٍ: أَيُّوبُ، وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١١٩٩٩ - وَإِنَّمَا وَصَلَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَذِكْرُ أَيُّوبَ خَطَأٌ وَقَعَ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":309},{"text":"١٢٠٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ شِرْكٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، رَبْعَةٍ أَوْ حَائِطٍ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَتَّى يُؤْذِنَ شَرِيكَهُ، فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ، فَإِنْ بَاعَ وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ،\n\n١٢٠٠١ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «فَإِنْ بَاعَ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِالثَّمَنِ»\n\n١٢٠٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، \"، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"8","page":311},{"text":"١٢٠٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الشُّفْعَةُ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ» ⦗٣١٢⦘\n\n١٢٠٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، فَنَقُولُ: لَا شُفْعَةَ فِيمَا قُسِمَ اتِّبَاعًا لِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٢٠٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثَانِ، أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا: فَإِنَّ سُفْيَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الشَّرِيدِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِشُفْعَتِهِ»\n\n١٢٠٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ورُوِيَ فِي، حَدِيثِ بَعْضِ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ لِأَبِي رَافِعٍ بَيْتٌ فِي دَارِ رَجُلٍ، فَعَرَضَ الْبَيْتَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ، وَقَالَ: قَدْ أُعْطِيتُ بِهِ ثَمَانَ مِائَةٍ، وَلَكِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ»\n\n١٢٠٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ كَانَ يَرْوِيهِ مَرَّةً مُخْتَصَرًا، وَمَرَّةً بِطُولِهِ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْتُهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"8","page":311},{"text":"١٢٠٠٨ - وَأَمَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، فَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الشَّرِيدِ، أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: وَقَفْتُ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، فَجَاءَ الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى إِحْدَى مَنْكِبِيَّ، إِذْ جَاءَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا سَعْدُ، ابْتَعْ مِنِّي بَيْتَيْنِ فِي دَارِكَ؟ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَبْتَاعَهُمَا فَقَالَ الْمِسْوَرُ: وَاللَّهِ لَتَبْتَاعَنَّهُمَا، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: لَا أَزِيدُكَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ مُنَجَّمَةٍ أَوْ قَالَ: مُقَطَّعَةٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ: وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أُعْطِيتُ بِهَا خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بَسَقَبِهِ» مَا أَعْطَيْتُكُهَا بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، وَأَنَا أُعْطَى بِهَا خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُمَا ⦗٣١٣⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،\n\n١٢٠٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَبُو رَافِعٍ فِيمَا رُوِّيتُ عَنْهُ، مُتَطَوِّعٌ بِمَا صَنَعَ، وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمَّلَهُ، وَقَوْلُنَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَنْصُوصٌ لَا يَحْتَمِلُ تَأْوِيلًا\n\n١٢٠١٠ - قَالَ: وَقَوْلُهُ: الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ، لَا يَحْتَمِلُ إِلَّا مَعْنَيَيْنِ لَا ثَالِثَ لَهُمَا، أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ أَنَّ الشُّفْعَةَ لِكُلِّ جَارٍ أَوْ أَرَادَ بَعْضَ جِيرَانٍ دُونَ بَعْضٍ،\n\n١٢٠١١ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْ لَا شُفْعَةَ فِيمَا قُسِمَ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الشُّفْعَةَ لِلْجَارِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُقَاسِمْ دُونَ الْجَارِ الْمَقَاسِمِ\n\n١٢٠١٢ - قَالَ: فَيَقَعُ اسْمُ الْجِوَارِ عَلَى الشَّرِيكِ،\n\n١٢٠١٣ - قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، وَعَلَى الْمُلَاصِقِ، وَغَيْرِ الْمُلَاصِقِ. أَنْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْجِوَارَ أَرْبَعُونَ دَارًا مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ\n\n١٢٠١٤ - قَالَ: أَفَتُوجِدَنِي مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ اسْمَ الْجِوَارِ يَقَعُ عَلَى الشَّرِيكِ،\n\n١٢٠١٥ - قُلْتُ: زَوْجَتُكَ الَّتِي هِيَ فِي بَيْتِكَ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا اسْمُ جِوَارٍ.\n\n١٢٠١٦ - قَالَ حَمَلَ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّابِغَةِ: كُنْتُ بَيْنَ جَارَتَيْنِ لِي، يَعْنِي ضَرَّتَيْنِ،\n\n١٢٠١٧ - وَقَالَ الْأَعْشَى:\n[البحر الطويل]\n⦗٣١٤⦘\n\nأَجَارَتَنَا بِينِي فَإِنَّكِ طَالِقَةٌ ... وَمَوْمُوقَةٌ مَا كُنْتِ فِينَا وَوَامِقَةْ\nأَجَارَتَنَا بِينِي فَإِنَّكِ طَالِقَةٌ ... كَذَاكَ أُمُورُ النَّاسِ تَغْدُو وَطَارِقَةْ\nوَبِينِي فَإِنَّ الْبَيْنَ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَصَا ... وَأَنْ لَا تَزَالِي فَوْقَ رَأْسِكِ بَارِقَةْ\nحَبَسْتُكِ حَتَّى لَامَنِي كُلُّ صَاحِبٍ ... وَخِفْتُ بِأَنْ تَأْتِي لَدَيَّ بِبَائِقَةْ\n\n١٢٠١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: فَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: وَافَقَ طَلَاقُ الْأَعْشَى مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ\n\n١٢٠١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا: ورَوَى غَيْرُنَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي ⦗٣١٥⦘ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِشُفْعَتِهِ يُنْتَظَرُ بِهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا، إِذَا كَانَتِ الطَّرِيقُ وَاحِدَةً»،\n\n١٢٠٢٠ - تَكَلَّمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى الْخَبَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: سَمِعْنَا بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يَقُولُ: نَخَافُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مَحْفُوظًا،\n\n١٢٠٢١ - قِيلَ لَهُ: وَمِنْ أَيْنَ؟\n\n١٢٠٢٢ - قُلْتُ: إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n١٢٠٢٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مُفَسَّرًا: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الشُّفْعَةُ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»\n\n١٢٠٢٤ - قَالَ: وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ،\n\n١٢٠٢٥ - وَرَوَى أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مَا يُوَافِقُ قَوْلَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَيُخَالِفُ مَا رَوَى عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ\n\n١٢٠٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِيهِ مِنَ الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ الشَّرِيكِ وَبَيْنَ الْمُقَاسِمِ، فَكَانَ أَوْلَى الْأَحَادِيثِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ عِنْدَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَثْبَتُهَا إِسْنَادًا، وَأَبْيَنُهَا لَفْظًا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَعْرُفُهَا فِي الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ الْمُقَاسِمِ وَغَيْرِ الْمَقَاسِمِ\n\n١٢٠٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، أَنَّهُ رَغِبَ عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي ⦗٣١٦⦘ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَسُئِلَ، أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ عَنْ حَدِيثِهِ فِي الشُّفْعَةِ فَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ،\n\n١٢٠٢٨ - وَقَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيَّ، عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ: لَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ غَيْرُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ،\n\n١٢٠٢٩ - وَيُرْوَى عَنْ جَابِرٍ، خِلَافُ هَذَا\n\n١٢٠٣٠ - قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى: وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكَ شُعْبَةُ حَدِيثَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ لِحَالِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٢٠٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي صَفْوَانَ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أُمَيَّةَ بْنَ خَالِدٍ، يَقُولُ: قُلْتُ لِشُعْبَةَ: مَا لَكَ لَا تُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ؟ قَالَ: تَرَكْتُ حَدِيثَهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ⦗٣١٧⦘ الْعَرْزَمِيِّ، وَتَدَعُ حَدِيثَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَقَدْ كَانَ حَسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ؟ قَالَ: \" مِنْ حُسْنِهَا فَرَرْتُ\n\n١٢٠٣٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْإِمَامَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُسَدَّدًا، وَغَيْرَهُ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: لَوْ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ حَدَّثَنَا بِمِثْلِهِ آخَرَ وَاثْنَيْنِ لِتُرِكَ حَدِيثُهُ، يَعْنِي الشُّفْعَةَ،\n\n١٢٠٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو قُدَامَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: قَالَ: لَوْ رَوَى عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدِيثًا آخَرَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ الشُّفْعَةِ لَتَرَكْتُ حَدِيثَهُ\n\n١٢٠٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا صُرِّفَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَعَرَفَ النَّاسُ حُدُودَهُمْ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ بَيْنَهُمْ»","vol":"8","page":312},{"text":"١٢٠٣٥ - ورُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ فِيهَا»،\n\n١٢٠٣٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٢٠٣٧ - أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَزَادَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «وَلَا شُفْعَةَ فِي بِئْرٍ وَلَا فَحْلِ نَخْلٍ» ⦗٣١٨⦘\n\n١٢٠٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَذَكَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"8","page":317},{"text":"١٢٠٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَوْ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، الشَّكُّ مِنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: «لَا شُفْعَةَ فِي بِئْرٍ وَلَا فَحْلٍ، وَالْأُرْفُ يَقْطَعُ كُلَّ شُفْعَةٍ»\n\n١٢٠٤٠ - قَالَ ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ: الْأُرْفُ: الْمَعَالِمُ،\n\n١٢٠٤١ - وَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: هِيَ الْمَعَالِمُ وَالْحُدُودُ قَالَ: وَهَذَا كَلَامُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ، يُقَالُ مِنْهُ: أَرَّفْتُ الدَّارَ وَالْأَرْضَ تَأْرِيفًا، إِذَا قَسَّمْتُهَا وَحَدَّدْتُهَا. أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٢٠٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا أَحْفَظُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ\n\n١٢٠٤٣ - قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَتَبَ: إِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ","vol":"8","page":318},{"text":"١٢٠٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ سَعِيدًا، وسُلَيْمَانَ، سُئِلَا ⦗٣١٩⦘: هَلْ فِي الشُّفْعَةِ سُنَّةٌ؟ فَقَالَا جَمِيعًا: «نَعَمِ الشُّفْعَةُ فِي الدُّورِ وَالْأَرْضِينَ، وَلَا تَكُونُ الشُّفْعَةُ إِلَّا بَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ وَالشُّرَكَاءِ»\n\n١٢٠٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَبِهِ أَخَذَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ،\n\n١٢٠٤٦ - وَفِي هَذَا نَفْيٌ أَنْ تَكُونَ الشُّفْعَةُ إِلَّا فِيمَا كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقْسَمُ\n\n١٢٠٤٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَى مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا شُفْعَةَ فِي بِئْرٍ وَلَا فَحْلِ نَخْلٍ»","vol":"8","page":318},{"text":"١٢٠٤٨ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: «لَا شُفْعَةَ فِي بِئْرٍ»\n\n١٢٠٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَا شُفْعَةَ فِي بِئْرٍ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ فِيهَا بَيَاضٌ يُحْتَمُلُ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ، أَوْ تَكُونَ وَاسِعَةً مُحْتَمِلَةً الْقَسَمَ»\n\n١٢٠٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الشَّرِيكُ شَفِيعٌ، وَالشُّفْعَةُ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ»، لَمْ يَثْبُتْ وَصَلُهُ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ مَوْصُولًا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ السُّكَّرِيُّ،\n\n١٢٠٥١ - وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ شُعْبَةُ، وَإِسْرَائِيلُ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، فَرَوَوْهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، مُرْسَلًا، وَهُوَ الصَّوَابُ ⦗٣٢٠⦘،\n\n١٢٠٥٢ - وَوَهِمَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ\n\n١٢٠٥٣ - قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْهُ\n\n١٢٠٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ورُوِي مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِمِثْلِهِ. وَحَكى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، وَابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْجَزَّارِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: لَا شُفْعَةَ إِلَّا لِشَرِيكٍ لَمْ يُقَاسَمْ،\n\n١٢٠٥٥ - وَنَحْنُ لَا نَحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا كِفَايَةٌ،\n\n١٢٠٥٦ - وَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ أَنَّ حَدِيثَكَمْ فِي الشُّفْعَةِ لَا يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَنَا؛ لِأَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، وَكَانَ بِذَلِكَ مُخْبِرًا عَمَّا قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٢٠٥٧ - ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلًا مِنْ رَأْيِهِ لَمْ يَحْكِهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٢٠٥٨ - وَهَذَا لَا يَصِحُّ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ مَنْقُولًا مِنْ لَفْظِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٢٠٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الشُّفْعَةَ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ»، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ، وَلَيْسَ لِلصَّحَابِيِّ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٢١⦘،\n\n١٢٠٦٠ - وَقَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ فِيهِ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بِالشُّفْعَةِ أَرَادَ بِهِ قَضَاءَ فَتْوَى وَبَيَانَ شَرْعٍ، لَا قَضَاءَ حُكْمٍ، بِدَلِيلِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الَّتِي أَوْدَعَهَا الْبُخَارِيُّ كِتَابَهُ: قَضَى بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ،\n\n١٢٠٦١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فِي كُلِّ مَالٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ،\n\n١٢٠٦٢ - وَقَالَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الَّتِي أَوْدَعَهَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ كِتَابَهُ: فِي كُلِّ شِرْكٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ،\n\n١٢٠٦٣ - وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ قَضَاءَ حُكْمٍ لَمْ يُعَبِّرْ عَنْهُ بِلَفْظِ الْكَلِّ، فَمَعْلُومٌ أَنَّ قَضَاءَهُ فِي عَيْنٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَا يَكُونُ قَضَاءً فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ،\n\n١٢٠٦٤ - وَإِذَا عَلَّقَ الشُّفْعَةَ بِكُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ كَانَ دَلِيلًا عَلَى إِيفَائِهَا عَنْ كُلِّ مَا قَدْ قُسِمَ، وَالْأَصْلُ ثُبُوتُ مِلْكِ الْمُشْتَرِي، فَلَمْ يُنْقَصْ عَلَيْهِ مِلْكُهُ إِلَّا بِسُنَّةٍ ثَابِتَةٍ لَا مُعَارِضَ لَهَا، أَوْ إِجْمَاعٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":319},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-846>بَابُ الْقِرَاضِ</span>","vol":"8","page":322},{"text":"١٢٠٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، وَعُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ، ابْنَيْ عُمَرَ خَرَجَا فِي جَيْشِ الْعِرَاقِ، فَلَمَّا قَفَلَا مَرَّا عَلَى عَامِلٍ لِعُمَرَ فَرَحَّبَ بِهِمَا وَسَهَلَّ، وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَقَالَ: لَوْ أَقْدِرُ لَكُمَا عَلَى أَمْرٍ أَنْفَعُكُمَا بِهِ لَفَعَلْتُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: بَلَى، هَا هُنَا مَالٌ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ، أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَبْعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَأُسَلِّفُكُمَاهُ، فَتَبْتَاعَانِ بِهِ مَتَاعًا مِنْ مَتَاعِ الْعِرَاقِ، ثُمَّ تَبِيعَانِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَتُؤَدِّيَانِ رَأْسَ الْمَالِ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَيَكُونُ لَكُمَا الرِّبْحُ فَقَالَا: وَدِدْنَا، فَفَعَلَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ ﵁، أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمَا ⦗٣٢٣⦘ الْمَالَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَا الْمَدِينَةَ بَاعَا فَرَبِحَا، فَلَمَّا دَفَعَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ قَالَ لَهُمَا: أَكُلُّ الْجَيْشِ أَسْلَفَهُ كَمَا أَسْلَفَكُمَا؟ فَقَالَا: لَا. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: ابْنَا أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَسْلَفَكُمَا أَدِّيَا الْمَالَ وَرِبْحَهُ فَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَسَكَتَ، وَأَمَّا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: مَا يَنْبَغِي لَكَ هَذَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَوْ هَلَكَ الْمَالُ أَوْ نَقَصَ لَضَمِنَّاهُ فَقَالَ: أَدِّيَا، فَسَكَتَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَرَاجَعَهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ جُلَسَاءِ عُمَرَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَوْ جَعَلْتَهُ قَرَاضًا، فَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ رَأْسَ الْمَالِ وَنِصْفَ رِبْحِهِ، وَأَخَذَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ نِصْفَ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ،\n\n١٢٠٦٦ - احْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا بِهَذَا فِي كَوْنِ الْقِرَاضِ عِنْدَهُمْ شَائِعًا، حَتَّى قَالُوا هَذَا،\n\n١٢٠٦٧ - وَحَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَعْطَى مَالَ يَتِيمٍ مُضَارَبَةً، وَكَانَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ بِالْعِرَاقِ، وَلَا يَدْرِي كَيْفَ قَاطَعَهُ عَلَى الرِّبْحِ\n\n١٢٠٦٨ - وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ: أَعْطَى مَالًا مُقَارَضَةً، يَعْنِي مُضَارَبَةً\n\n١٢٠٦٩ - وَعَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، أَعْطَى زَيْدَ بْنَ خُلَيْدَةَ مَالًا مُقَارَضَةً ⦗٣٢٤⦘\n\n١٢٠٧٠ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ جَعَلَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، قِيَاسًا عَلَى الْمُعَامَلَةِ فِي النَّخْلِ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ إِلَّا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ بِالْقُرُوضِ","vol":"8","page":322},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-847>الْمُضَارِبِ يُخَالِفُ بِمَا فِيهِ زِيَادَةً لِصَاحِبِهِ، وَمَنْ تَجِرَ فِي مَالِ غَيْرِهِ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهِ</span>","vol":"8","page":325},{"text":"١٢٠٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَبِيبُ بْنُ غَرْقَدَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْحَيَّ يُحَدِّثُونَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَعْطَاهُ دِينَارًا لِيَشْتَرِيَ لَهُ بِهِ شَاةً أَوْ أُضْحِيَةً، فَاشْتَرَى لَهُ شَاتَيْنِ، فَبَاعَ إِحْدَاهُمَا ⦗٣٢٦⦘ بِدِينَارٍ، وَأَتَاهُ بِشَاةٍ وَدِينَارٍ، فَدَعَا لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْعِهِ بِالْبَرَكَةِ، فَكَانَ لَوِ اشْتَرَى تُرَابًا لَرَبِحَ فِيهِ»\n\n١٢٠٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ بْنِ غَرْقَدَةَ، يُوصِلُهُ وَيَرْوِيهِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَوْ مَعْنَاهَا\n\n١٢٠٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ شَبِيبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُرْوَةَ، وَقَدْ سَأَلَهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ، حَدَّثَنِيهِ الْحَيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ،\n\n١٢٠٧٤ - وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْخِرِّيتِ، عَنْ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وسَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"8","page":325},{"text":"١٢٠٧٥ - ورَوَى أَبُو حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بَعَثَ مَعَهُ بِدِينَارٍ يَشْتَرِي لَهُ أُضْحِيَةً، فَاشْتَرَاهَا بِدِينَارٍ وَبَاعَهَا بِدِينَارَيْنِ، فَرَجَعَ فَاشْتَرَى أُضْحِيَةً بِدِينَارٍ وَجَاءَ بِدِينَارٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَدَعَا لَهُ أَنْ يُبَارَكَ لَهُ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ،\n\n١٢٠٧٦ - وأَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ⦗٣٢٧⦘،\n\n١٢٠٧٧ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ تَمْتَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٢٠٧٨ - وَلَفْظُ الْحَدِيثِ لِأَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ، وَلَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: وَدَعَا لَهُ،\n\n١٢٠٧٩ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَاهُنَا حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ وَأَثْبَتَهُ، وَتَكَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ مَنْقُولٌ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ","vol":"8","page":326},{"text":"١٢٠٨٠ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ رِيَاحِ بْنِ عَبِيْدَةَ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَجُلٌ مَعَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرٍ إِلَى رَجُلٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَابْتَاعَ بِهَا الْمَبْعُوثُ مَعَهُ بَعِيرًا، ثُمَّ بَاعَهُ بِأَحَدَ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا، فَسَأَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: الْأَحَدَ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا لِصَاحِبِ الْمَالِ، وَلَوْ حَدَثَ بِالْبَعِيرِ حَدَثٌ كُنْتَ لَهُ ضَامِنًا،\n\n١٢٠٨١ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ\n\n١٢٠٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَابْنُ عُمَرَ يَرَى عَلَى الْمُشْتَرِي بِالْبِضَاعَةِ لِغَيْرِهِ الضَّمَانَ، وَيَرَى الرِّبْحَ لِصَاحِبِ الْبِضَاعَةِ، وَلَا يَجْعَلُ الرِّبْحَ لِمَنْ ضَمِنَ","vol":"8","page":327},{"text":"١٢٠٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: آخِرَ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا تَعَدَّى فَاشْتَرَى شَيْئًا بِالْمَالِ بِعَيْنِهِ فَرَبِحَ فِيهِ، فَالشِّرَى بَاطِلٌ مَرْدُودٌ، فَإِنِ اشْتَرَى بِمَالٍ لَا بِعَيْنِهِ ثُمَّ نَقَدَ الْمَالَ، فَالشِّرَى لَهُ وَالرِّبْحُ لَهُ، وَالنُّقْصَانُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلْيْهِ مِثْلُ الْمَالِ الَّذِي تَعَدَّى فِيهِ ⦗٣٢٨⦘\n\n١٢٠٨٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ، وَقَالَ: تَرَكَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ الْبَارِقِيِّ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ عِنْدَهُ\n\n١٢٠٨٥ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: وَوَجْهُ جَعْلِ عُمَرَ نِصْفَ رِبْحِ ابْنَيْهِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عِنْدِي عَنْ طِيبِ أَنْفُسِهِمَا، وَأَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُمَا كَثْرَةَ الْوَاجِبِ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَجْعَلَاهُ كُلَّهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلَمْ يُجِيبَاهُ، فَلَمَّا طَلَبَ النِّصْفَ أَجَابَاهُ عَنْ طِيبِ أَنْفُسِهِمَا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا ضَعَّفَ حَدِيثَ الْبَارِقِيِّ لِأَنَّ شَبِيبَ بْنَ غَرْقَدَةَ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ الْحَيِّ، وَفِيهِمْ غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفِينَ،\n\n١٢٠٨٦ - وَحَدِيثُ حَكِيمٍ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ شَيْخٌ غَيْرُ مُسَمًّى","vol":"8","page":327},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-848>بَابُ الْمُسَاقَاةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":329},{"text":"١٢٠٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لِلْيَهُودِ حِينَ افْتَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ:  «أُقِرُّكُمْ فِيهَا مَا أَقَرَّكُمُ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَنَّ الثَّمَرَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ»، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَبْعَثُ ابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ فَيَخْرُصُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «إِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَلِي» ⦗٣٣٠⦘،\n\n١٢٠٨٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: «إِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَلِي» أَنْ يَخْرُصَ النَّخْلَ كَأَنَّهُ خَرَصَهَا مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ وَعَشْرَةَ أَوْسُقٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا صَارَتْ تَمْرًا نَقَصَتْ عَشْرَةَ أَوْسُقٍ فَصَحَّتْ مِنْهَا مِائَةُ وَسْقٍ تَمْرًا، فَيَقُولُ: إِنْ شِئْتُمْ دَفَعْتُ إِلَيْكُمُ النِّصْفَ الَّذِي لَيْسَ لَكُمْ، الَّذِي أَنَا فِيهُ قَيِّمٌ بِحَقِّ أَهْلِهِ، عَلَى أَنْ تَضْمَنُوا لِي خَمْسِينَ وَسْقًا تَمْرًا يَسَمِّيهِ بِعَيْنِهِ وَلَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوهَا، فَتَبِيعُوهَا رُطَبًا وَكَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَلِي: أَكُونُ هَكَذَا فِي نَصِيبِكُمْ فَأُسَلِّمُ وَتُسَلِّمُونَ إِلَيَّ أَنْصِبَاءَكُمْ، وَأَضْمَنُ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ الْمَكِيلَةَ\n\n١٢٠٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: مَعْنَى هَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي تَأْوِيلِ الْخَبَرِ قَدْ رَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي الْأَخْضَرِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَبْعَثُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ يَخْرُصُهَا ثُمَّ يُخَيِّرُهُمْ أَنْ يَأْخُدُوهَا أَوْ يَتْرُكُوهَا، وَإِنَّ الْيَهُودَ أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ ذَلِكَ، فَشَكَوْا إِلَيْهِ، فَدَعَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هُمْ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءُوا أَخَذُوهَا وَإِنْ تَرَكُوهَا أَخَذْنَاهَا، فَرَضِيَتِ الْيَهُودُ، وَقَالَتْ: بِهَا قَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ،\n\n١٢٠٩٠ - ورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"8","page":329},{"text":"١٢٠٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَبَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ، وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ ⦗٣٣١⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فِيمَا يَحْسِبُ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: قَاتَلَ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى أَلْجَأَهُمْ إِلَى قَصْرِهِمْ، فَغَلَبَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَالزَّرْعِ وَالنَّخْلِ، فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، دَعْنَا نَكُونُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ نُصْلِحُهَا، وَنَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَلَا لِأَصْحَابِهِ غِلْمَانٌ يَقُومُونَ عَلَيْهَا، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمُ الشَّطْرَ مِنْ كُلِّ زَرْعٍ وَنَخْلٍ مَا بَدَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ يَأْتِيهُمْ فَيَخْرُصُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ يُضَمِّنُهُمُ الشَّطْرَ، فَشَكَوْا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شِدَّةَ خَرْصِهِ، وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَرْشُوُهُ فَقَالَ: \" يَا أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ، تُطْعِمُونِيَ السُّحْتَ، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَحَبِّ النَّاسِ إِلَيَّ، وَلَأَنْتُمْ أَبْغَضُ إِلَيَّ مِنْ عُدَّتِكُمْ، مِنَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ، وَلَا يَحْمِلُنِي بُغْضِي إِيَّاكُمْ وَحُبِّي إِيَّاهُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا أَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمْ، فَقَالُوا: بِهَذَا قَامَتِ السَّمَوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ،\n\n١٢٠٩٢ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْمُقْرِيِّ، وَلِهَذَا شَوَاهِدُ مُخَرَّجَةٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَتَمُّ","vol":"8","page":330},{"text":"١٢٠٩٣ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، ومُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَامَلَ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى شَطْرِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرٍ أَوْ زَرْعٍ ⦗٣٣٢⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ","vol":"8","page":331},{"text":"١٢٠٩٤ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، ومُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: خَرَصَهَا ابْنُ رَوَاحَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ وَسْقٍ، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ لَمَّا خَيَّرَهُمُ ابْنُ رَوَاحَةَ أَخَذُوا التَّمْرَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفَ وَسْقٍ \"","vol":"8","page":332},{"text":"١٢٠٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَجَازَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الْمُسَاقَاةَ فَأَجَزْنَاهَا بِإِجَازَتِهِ، وَحَرَّمَ كِرَاءَ الْأَرْضِ الْبَيْضَاءِ بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا فَحَرَّمْنَاهَا بِتَحْرِيمِهِ، ثُمَّ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِمَا يَفْتَرِقَانِ بِهِ ثُمَّ أَجَازَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْبَيَاضِ إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ أَضْعَافِ النَّخْلِ،\n\n١٢٠٩٦ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَلَوْلَا الْخَبَرُ فِيهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ دَفَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِ خَيْبَرَ النَّخْلَ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمُ النِّصْفَ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ وَالنَّخْلِ وَلَهُ النِّصْفُ، فَكَانَ الزَّرْعُ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانِيِّ النَّخْلِ لَمْ يَجُزْ \"","vol":"8","page":332},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-849>بَابُ الْإِجَارَةِ</span>\n١٢٠٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ٦]،\n\n١٢٠٩٨ - فَأَجَازَ الْإِجَارَةَ عَلَى الرَّضَاعِ، وَالرَّضَاعُ يَخْتَلِفُ، وَهِيَ إِذَا جَازَتْ عَلَيْهِ جَازَتْ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ، وَهُوَ فِي مِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٢٠٩٩ - وَأُخْرَى أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبْيَنَ مِنْهُ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الْإِجَارَةَ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَعَمِلَ بِهَا بَعْضُ أَنْبِيَائِهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: \" ﴿قَالَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا يَا أَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ، إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيَّ الْأَمِينَ﴾ [القصص: ٢٦]\n\n١٢١٠٠ - قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ نَبِيًّا مِنْ أَنْبِيَائِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ وَسَلَّمَ: عَلَيْهِمْ أَجَّرَ نَفْسَهُ حِجَجًا مُسَمَّاةً مَلَكَ بِهَا بُضْعَ امْرَأَةٍ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى تَجْوِيزِ الْإِجَارَةِ، وَعَلَى أَنْ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا عَلَى الْحُجَجِ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَى الْحُجَجِ اسْتَأْجَرَهُ ⦗٣٣٤⦘،\n\n١٢١٠١ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: اسْتَأْجَرَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَرْعَى لَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٢١٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَزَوَّجَهُ، وَأَقَامَ مَعَهُ يَكْفِيهِ وَيَعْمَلُ لَهُ فِي رِعَايَةِ غَنَمِهِ \"،\n\n١٢١٠٣ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي أَيِّ الْأَجَلَيْنِ قَضَى مُوسَى؟ قَالَ: قَضَى أَكْبَرَهُمَا وَأَطْيَبَهُمَا،\n\n١٢١٠٤ - ورُوِيَ عَنْهُ، مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: ثُمَّ إِلَى جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ قَالَ: أَتَمَّهَا وَأكْمَلَهَا.\n\n١٢١٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَمَضَتْ بِهَا السُّنَّةُ، وَعَمِلَ بِهَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا فِي إِجَازَتِهَا، وَعَوَامُّ فُقَهَاءِ الْأَمْصَارِ","vol":"8","page":333},{"text":"١٢١٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ، عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ،؟ فَقَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَنْ كِرَى الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ: أَبِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ \". وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"8","page":334},{"text":"١٢١٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ اسْتِكْرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ، بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ\n\n١٢١٠٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"8","page":335},{"text":"وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ، تَكَارَى أَرْضًا فَلَمْ تَزَلْ بِيَدِهِ حَتَّى هَلَكَ قَالَ ابْنُهُ: فَمَا كُنْتُ أُرَاهَا إِلَّا أَنَّهَا لَهُ مِنْ طُولِ مَا مَكَثَتْ بِيَدِهِ، حَتَّى ذَكَرَهَا عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ، وَأَمَرَنَا بِقَضَاءِ شَيْءٍ بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِرَائِهَا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرِقٍ \"","vol":"8","page":335},{"text":"١٢١٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ثَلَاثَةٌ أَنَا خَصْمُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَمَنْ كُنْتُ خَصْمُهُ خَصَمْتُهُ: رَجُلٌ أَعْطَى بِي ثُمَّ غَدَرَ، وَرَجُلٌ بَاعَ حُرًّا فَأَكَلَ ثَمَنَهُ، وَرَجُلٌ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيرًا اسْتَوْفَى مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُوفِهِ أَجْرَهُ \". أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُمْ فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٣٦⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ\n\n١٢١١٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَعَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا: «أَعْطِ الْأَجِيرَ أَجْرَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجِفَّ عَرَقُهُ»\n\n١٢١١١ - وَعَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَهَى عَنِ اسْتِئْجَارِ الْأَجِيرِ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُ أَجْرَهُ» هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n١٢١١٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَمَنِ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيرًا فَلْيُعْلِمْهُ أَجْرَهُ»،\n\n١٢١١٣ - وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي كِرَاءِ الْإِبِلِ فِي طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ،\n\n١٢١١٤ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا احْتَجَّ فِي وُجُوبِ دَفْعِ الْأُجْرَةِ: يَدْفَعُ الشَّيْءَ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْمَنْفَعَةُ إِذَا لَمْ يَشْتَرِطَا فِي الْأُجْرَةِ أَجَلًا، جَوَازُ أَخْذِهَا مِنْ جِهَةِ الصَّرْفِ\n\n١٢١١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَرْوُونَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَوْ عُمَرَ، شَكَّ الرَّبِيعُ وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ أَنَّهُ تَكَارَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ صَارَفَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ لَنَا، وَحُجَّةٌ لَنَا عَلَيْهِمْ ⦗٣٣٧⦘\n\n١٢١١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَكْرَى كِرَاءً فَجَاوَزَ صَاحِبُهُ ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ كِرَاؤُهُ وَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ. يُرِيدُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ قَبْضَهُ مَا اكْتَرَى فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِرَاءُ حَالًا وَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا اكْتَرَى إِذَا لَمْ يَتَعَدَّ","vol":"8","page":335},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-850>بَابُ تَضْمِينِ الْأُجَرَاءِ</span>","vol":"8","page":338},{"text":"١٢١١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: الْأُجَرَاءُ كُلُّهُمْ سَوَاءٌ، فَإِذَا تَلِفَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ خِيَانَتِهِمْ فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُقَالَ فِيهِ إِلَّا وَاحِدٌ مِنْ قَوْلَيْنِ، فَذَكَرَهُمَا، وَذَكَرَ وَجْهَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا قَالَ: وَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا سُنَّةٌ عَلِمْتُهَا، وَلَا أَثَرٌ يَصِحُّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٣٩⦘،\n\n١٢١١٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ، شَيْءٌ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، لَيْسَ يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْهُمَا، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ لَزِمَ مَنْ يُثْبِتُهُ أَنْ يُضَمِّنَ الْأُجَرَاءَ مَنْ كَانُوا: لِأَنَّ عُمَرَ إِنْ كَانَ ضَمَّنَ الصَّبَّاغَ، فَلَيْسَ إِلَّا بِأَنَّهُمْ أَخَذُوا أَجْرًا عَلَى مَا ضَمِنُوا، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ضَمَّنَ الْقَصَّارَ وَالصَّائِغَ، فَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ صَانِعٍ وَكُلُّ مَنْ أَخَذَ أَجْرًا\n\n١٢١١٩ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى تَضْمِينِ الْقَصَّارِ شُرَيْحٌ، فَضَمَّنَ قَصَّارًا احْتَرَقَ بَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ: تُضَمِّنُنِي وَقَدِ احْتَرَقَ بَيْتِي؟ فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوِ احْتَرَقَ بَيْتَهُ كُنْتَ تَتْرُكُ لَهُ أُجْرَتَكَ؟. أَخْبَرَنَا بِهَذَا عَنْهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ\n\n١٢١٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ، وَجْهٍ لَا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ مِثْلَهُ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ضَمَّنَ الْغَسَّالَ وَالصَّبَّاغَ وَقَالَ: لَا يُصْلِحُ النَّاسَ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٢١٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٢١٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَعَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٢١٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، كَانَ يُضَمِّنُ الْأَجِيرَ، إِلَّا أنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يُضَعِّفُونَ أَحَادِيثَ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَيَقُولُونَ: هُوَ مِنْ كِتَابٍ ⦗٣٤٠⦘،\n\n١٢١٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٢١٢٥ - وَإِذَا ضُمَّتْ هَذِهِ الْمَرَاسِيلُ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ أَخَذَتْ قُوَّةً\n\n١٢١٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ، تَضْمِينُ بَعْضِ الصُّنَّاعِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ أَضْعَفَ مِنْ هَذَا، وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا يَثْبُتُ قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُضَمِّنُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْأُجَرَاءِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ،\n\n١٢١٢٧ - وَثَابِتٍ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا ضَمَانَ عَلَى صَانِعٍ وَلَا عَلَى أَجِيرٍ","vol":"8","page":338},{"text":"١٢١٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ يَعْنِي دَاوُدَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِثُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ الْبَقَّالُ قَالَ: أَرَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَسْلَمَ إِلَى قَصَّارٍ ثِيَابًا بِغْدَادِيَّةً مُرْتَفِعَةً، فَوَقَعَ الْحَرِيقُ فَاحْتَرَقَ دُكَّانُ الْقَصَّارِ وَالثِّيَابُ، فَجَاءَ الْقَصَّارُ وَمَعَهُ قَوْمٌ يَتَحَمَّلُ بِهِمْ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي تَأْخِيرِهِ لِيَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ الثِّيَابِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فِي تَضْمِينِ الْقَصَّارِ، وَلَمْ أَتَبَيَّنْ أَنَّ الضَّمَانَ يَجِبُ، فَلَسْتُ أُضَمِّنُكَ شَيْئًا \"","vol":"8","page":340},{"text":"١٢١٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدِ بْنِ الْأَبْرَصِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، اسْتَأْجَرَ نَجَّارًا يَضْرِبُ لَهُ مِسْمَارًا فَانْكَسَرَ الْمِسْمَارُ، فَخَاصَمَهُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ: \" أَعْطِهِ دِرْهَمًا مَكْسُورًا ⦗٣٤١⦘،\n\n١٢١٣٠ - وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا، أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٢١٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ ضَمَّنَ الْأَجِيرَ ضَمَّنَهُ قِيمَةَ الْمِسْمَارِ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ شَيْئًا إِذَا لَمْ يُتِمَّ الْعَمَلَ \"","vol":"8","page":340},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-851>مَا جَاءَ فِي تَأْدِيبِ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"8","page":342},{"text":"١٢١٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: التَّعْزِيرُ أَدَبٌ لَا حَدٌّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ يَجُوزُ تَرْكُهُ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ أُمُورًا قَدْ فُعِلَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَانَتْ غَيْرَ حُدُودٍ فَلَمْ يُضْرَبْ فِيهَا، مِنْهَا: الْغُلُولُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ بِحَدٍّ قَطُّ فَعَفَاهُ\n\n١٢١٣٣ - قَالَ: وَقِيلَ بَعَثَ عُمَرُ ﵁، إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي شَيْءٍ بَلَغَهُ عَنْهَا، فَأَسْقَطَتْ، فَاسْتَشَارَ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ: أَنْتَ مُؤَدِّبٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: إِنْ كَانَ اجْتَهَدَ ⦗٣٤٣⦘ فِيهِ فَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجْتَهِدْ فَقَدْ غَشَّ، عَلَيْكَ الدِّيَةُ. قَالَ: عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ لَا تَجْلِسَ حَتَّى تَضْرِبَهَا عَلَى قَوْمِكَ\n\n١٢١٣٤ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: مَا أَحَدٌ يَمُوتُ فِي حَدٍّ فَأَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، الْحَقُّ قَتْلُهُ، إِلَّا مَنْ مَاتَ فِي حَدِّ خَمْرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ شَيْءٌ رَأَيْنَاهُ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَمَنْ مَاتَ فِيهِ فَدِيَتُهُ إِمَّا قَالَ: عَلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، وَإِمَّا قَالَ عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ \"\n\n١٢١٣٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ قَدْ رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ مُرْسَلًا، وَحَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَوْصُولًا قَالَ: مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ حَدٍّ أَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا إِلَّا صَاحِبُ الْخَمْرِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ مَاتَ لَوَدَيْتُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَسُنَّهُ وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n١٢١٣٦ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ عَلِيٌّ لَمْ يَسُنَّ مَا زَادَ عَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ،\n\n١٢١٣٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي الْمُعَلِّمِ يَضْرِبُ الْغُلَامَ عَلَى التَّأْدِيبِ فَيَعْطَبُ قَالَ: يُغَرِّمُهُ","vol":"8","page":342},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-852>بَابُ الْمُزَارَعَةِ</span>","vol":"8","page":344},{"text":"١٢١٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُنَّا نُخَابِرُ وَلَا نَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا حَتَّى زَعَمَ رَافِعٌ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نَهَى عَنْهَا، فَتَرَكْنَاهَا مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ \" ⦗٣٤٥⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"8","page":344},{"text":"١٢١٣٩ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أبو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ،؟ فَقَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ. فَقَالَ: أَبِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ \". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٢١٤٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ\n\n١٢١٤١ - قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي يُذْكَرُ عَنْ رَافِعٍ\n\n١٢١٤٢ - فَقَالَ: أَكْثَرَ رَافِعٌ، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِي أَرْضٌ أَكْرَيْتُهَا\n\n١٢١٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَرَافِعٌ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى مَا سَمِعَ، وَإِنَّمَا حَكَى رَافِعٌ نَهْيَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: عَنْ كِرَائِهَا بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَتْ تُكْرَى. وَقَدْ يَكُونُ سَالِمٌ سَمِعَ عَنَ رَافِعٍ بِالْخَبَرِ جُمْلَةً، فَرَأَى أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَ عَنِ الْكِرَاءِ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ،\n\n١٢١٤٤ - وَقَدْ بَيَّنَهُ غَيْرُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ رَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ، بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا","vol":"8","page":345},{"text":"١٢١٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ ⦗٣٤٦⦘: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ: \" نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا قَالَ: فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ كِرَائِهَا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِكِرَائِهَا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ \"","vol":"8","page":345},{"text":"١٢١٤٦ - وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا نُحَاقِلُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ عُمُومَتِهِ قَالَ قَتَادَةَ: اسْمُهُ ظَهِيرٌ قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَنَا نَافِعًا، وَطَوَاعِيَةُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ أَنْفَعُ لَنَا وَأَيْفَعُ. قَالَ الْقَوْمُ: وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيُزْرِعْهَا أَخَاهُ، وَلَا يُكَارِهَا بِالثُّلُثِ وَلَا بِالرُّبُعِ، وَلَا بِطَعَامٍ مُسَمًّى». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ\n\n١٢١٤٧ - وَقَوْلُهُ: «وَلَا طَعَامٍ مُسَمًّى»: يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ مِمَّا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ ⦗٣٤٧⦘ تِلْكِ الْأَرْضِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ مَا كَانُوا يَشْتَرِطُونَهُ مِمَّا عَلَى الْمَاذِيَانَاتِ، وَهُوَ الْأَنْهَارُ وَإِقْبَالُ الْجَدَاوِلِ أَوْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٢١٤٨ - فَفِي حَدِيثِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ رَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَأَمَّا شَيْءٌ مَعْلُومٌ مَضْمُونٌ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ،\n\n١٢١٤٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَارَعَةِ وَأَمَرَنَا بِالْمُؤَاجَرَةِ، وَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا\n\n١٢١٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَنِ الْمُخَابَرَةِ، قُلْتُ: وَمَا الْمُخَابَرَةُ؟ قَالَ: أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الْأَرْضَ بِنِصْفٍ أَوْ ثُلُثٍ أَوْ رُبْعٍ","vol":"8","page":346},{"text":"١٢١٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تَجُوزَ الْمُزَارَعَةُ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ وَلَا الرُّبُعِ، وَلَا جُزْءٍ مِنَ الْأَجْزَاءِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُزَارِعَ يَقْبِضُ الْأَرْضَ بَيْضَاءَ لَا أَصْلَ فِيهَا وَلَا زَرْعَ، ثُمَّ يَسْتَحْدِثُ فِيهَا زَرْعًا، وَالزَّرْعُ لَيْسَ بِأَصْلٍ، وَالَّذِي هُوَ فِي مَعْنَى الْمُزَارَعَةِ: الْإِجَارَةُ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَسْتَأْجِرَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ لَهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِأَجْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ، لِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ، وَخِلَافِهَا لِلْأَصْلِ، وَالْمَالُ يُدْفَعُ\n\n١٢١٥٢ - وَقَالَ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِذَا كَانَتْ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانِيِّ النَّخْلِ لَا تُسْقَى إِلَّا مِنْ مَاءِ النَّخْلِ، وَلَا يُوصَلُ إِلَيْهَا إِلَّا مِنْ حَيْثُ يُوصَلُ إِلَى النَّخْلِ: يَجُوزُ الْمُعَامَلَةُ عَلَيْهَا مَعَ النَّخْلِ اتِّبَاعًا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا فَعَلَ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسُّنَّةِ وَبِمَا بَيْنَهُمَا مِنَ الْفَرْقِ فِي الْمَعْنَى\n\n١٢١٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى تَجْوِيزِ الْمُزَارَعَةِ، وَحَمَلَ النَّهْيَ الْمَرْوِيَّ عَلَى مَا كَانُوا يُلْحِقُونَ بِهَا مِنَ الشُّرُوطِ الْفَاسِدَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":347},{"text":"١٢١٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُكْرِي أَرْضَهُ فَأُخْبِرَ بِحَدِيثِ، رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، فَأَتَاهُ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ، قَدْ كَانُوا يُعْطُونَ أَرَاضِيَهُمْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَيَشْتَرِطُ صَاحِبُ الْأَرْضِ لِيَ الْمَاذِيَانَاتِ، وَمَا يَسْقِي الرَّبِيعُ، وَيَشْتَرِطُ مِنَ الْحَرْثِ شَيْئًا مَعْلُومًا قَالَ: فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَظُنُّ أَنَّ النَّهْيَ لِمَا كَانُوا يَشْتَرِطُونَ \"\n\n١٢١٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَابْنُ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَظُنُّ هَذَا أَوْ يَدَعُهُ تَوَرُّعًا، وَقَدْ عَمِلَ بِهِ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، مِنْهُمْ: عَلِيٌّ وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ،\n\n١٢١٥٦ - ورُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، ومُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، وَعَمِلَ، بِهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ مِنْهُمْ: عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ،\n\n١٢١٥٧ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ لَا يَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا، وَيَحْتَجُّ فِيهِ بِمُعَامَلَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى الشَّطْرِ مِمَّا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ زَرْعٍ أَوْ تَمْرٍ،\n\n١٢١٥٨ - وَمَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ أَنَّ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ دُونَهُ حُجَّةٌ، وَقَدْ قَالَ بِحَدِيثِ خَيْبَرَ فِيمَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ، وَقَالَ: أَجَزْنَا مَا أَجَازُوا وَرَدَدْنَا مَا رَدُّوا، وَفَرَّقْنَا بِفَرْقِهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا","vol":"8","page":348},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-853>مَا جَاءَ فِي قَطْعِ السِّدْرِ</span>","vol":"8","page":349},{"text":"١٢١٥٩ - قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْعَاصِمِيِّ رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْفَرْجِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَنْ قَطْعِ السِّدْرِ،؟ فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اغْسِلْهُ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ»\n\n١٢١٦٠ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ، عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، أَنَّهُ احْتَجَّ بِذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: لَوْ كَانَ حَرَامًا لَمْ يُجَزُ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِهِ، فَقَدْ سَوَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فِيمَا حَرَّمَ قَطْعَهُ مِنْ شَجَرِ الْحَرَمِ بَيْنَ وَرَقِهِ وَبَيْنَ غَيْرِهِ ⦗٣٥٠⦘،\n\n١٢١٦١ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَطَعَ سَدْرًا صَوَّبَ اللَّهُ رَأْسَهُ فِي النَّارِ»، فَإِنَّهُ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا وَمُرْسَلًا، وَأَسَانِيدُهُ مُضْطَرِبَةٌ مَعْلُولَةٌ، وَفِي بَعْضِهَا: «إِلَّا مِنْ زَرْعٍ»، وَمَدَارُ أَكْثَرِهَا عَلَى عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ كَانَ يَقْطَعُهَا مِنْ أَرْضِهِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n١٢١٦٢ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُزَنِيَّ ﵀ فِي حِكَايَةِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ حَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى سِدْرٍ لِقَوْمٍ هَجَمَ إِنْسَانٌ عَلَى قَطَعِهِ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ، فَأَدْرَكَ مَنْ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ جَوَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يُدْرِكِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ، وَجَعَلَ نَظِيرَ ذَلِكَ حَدِيثَ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي الرِّبَا، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ،\n\n١٢١٦٣ - وَأَمَّا أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ فَإِنَّهُ حَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى سِدْرٍ فِي فَلَاةٍ يَسْتَظِلُّ بِهِ ابْنُ السَّبِيلِ وَالْبَهَائِمُ فَقَطَعَهُ إِنْسَانٌ عَبَثًا بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"8","page":349},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-854>مَا جَاءَ فِي طَرْحَ الْعَذِرَةِ فِي أَرْضِ الزَّرْعِ</span>","vol":"8","page":351},{"text":"١٢١٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَى الَّذِي يُكْرِيهِ أَرْضَهُ أَنْ لَا يَعُرَّهَا، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدَعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْكِرَاءَ،\n\n١٢١٦٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ الرُّخْصَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"8","page":351},{"text":"١٢١٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ زَرَعَ زَرْعًا فَيَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ طَائِرٌ، وَلَا جِنٌّ، وَلَا إِنْسٌ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا كَانَ لَهُ صَدَقَةً»،\n\n١٢١٦٧ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَالْمَعْنَى فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"8","page":351},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-855>١٨ - كتاب إحياء الموات</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-856>بَابُ إِحْيَاءِ الْمَوَاتِ</span>","vol":"9","page":7},{"text":"١٢١٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَمَّنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَوَاتًا؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلِمَوَاتِ مَالِكٌ، فَمَنْ أَحْيَاهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَهُوَ لَهُ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ، وَلَا أُبَالِي أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ السُّلْطَانُ أَوْ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْطَاهُ، وَعَطَاءُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يَتِمَّ لِمَنْ أَعْطَاهُ مِنْ عَطَاءِ السُّلْطَانِ».\n\n١٢١٦٩ - قُلْتُ: وَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِيمَا قُلْتَ؟\n\n١٢١٧٠ - قَالَ: مَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَعَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ","vol":"9","page":7},{"text":"١٢١٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ» ⦗٨⦘.\n\n١٢١٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"9","page":7},{"text":"وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ».\n\n١٢١٧٣ - وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ","vol":"9","page":8},{"text":"١٢١٧٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ عَمَّرَ أَرْضًا لَيْسَتْ لِأَحَدٍ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا». وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُخَارِيِّ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْتُهُمَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"9","page":8},{"text":"١٢١٧٥ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي يُرْوَى:  «لَيْسَ لِلْمَرْءِ إِلَّا مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُ إِمَامِهِ». فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ فِي مُنَازَعَةٍ جَرَتْ بَيْنَ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَحَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ فِي السَّلَبِ. فَقَالَ حَبِيبٌ: قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ»، فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَبَدِ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَ بَعْضَهُ، فَسَمِعَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ بِذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لِحَبِيبٍ: أَلَا تَتَّقِي اللَّهَ وَتَأْخُذُ مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُ إِمَامِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا لَكَ مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُ إِمَامِكَ، وَحَدَّثَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَأَعْطُوهُ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ، فَبَاعَهُ حَبِيبٌ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ.\n\n١٢١٧٦ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ مَكْحُولٍ وَمَنْ فَوْقَهُ، وَرَاوِيهِ عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ مَجْهُولٌ، وَلَا حُجَّةَ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ","vol":"9","page":8},{"text":"١٢١٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ».\n\n١٢١٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٢١٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢١٨٠ - وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «فِي غَيْرِ حَقِّ مُسْلِمٍ».\n\n١٢١٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَلَا يُتْرَكُ ذَمِّيٌّ يُحْيِيهِ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَعَلَهَا لِمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ","vol":"9","page":9},{"text":"١٢١٨٢ - وَرُوِيَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ الرَّبِيعُ مِنْ ⦗١٠⦘ كِتَابِ إِحْيَاءِ الْمَوَاتِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحْيَا مَوَاتًا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَعَادِيُّ الْأَرْضِ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ مِنِّي».\n\n١٢١٨٣ - هَكَذَا وَقَعَ فِي سَمَاعِنَا.\n\n١٢١٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حُجَيْرٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"9","page":9},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-857>إِقْطَاعُ الْمَوَاتِ وَإِحْيَاؤُهُ</span>","vol":"9","page":11},{"text":"١٢١٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ جَعْدَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ أَقْطَعَ النَّاسَ الدُّورَ، فَقَالَ حَيٌّ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ بَنُو عَبْدِ بْنِ زُهْرَةَ: نَكِّبْ عَنَّا ابْنَ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَلِمَ ابْتَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ إِذًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُقَدِّسُ أُمَّةً لَا يُؤْخَذُ لِلضَّعِيفِ فِيهِمْ حَقُّهُ»","vol":"9","page":11},{"text":"١٢١٨٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقْطَعَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَرْضًا، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَقْطَعَ الْعَقِيقَ أَجْمَعَ، وَقَالَ: «أَيْنَ الْمُسْتَقْطَعُونَ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ» ⦗١٢⦘.\n\n١٢١٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَالْعَقِيقُ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: أَيْنَ الْمُسْتَقْطَعُونَ بِقَطْعِهِمْ؟","vol":"9","page":11},{"text":"١٢١٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ:  «كُنْتُ أَنْقِلُ النَّوَى مِنْ أَرْضِ الزُّبَيْرِ الَّتِي أَقْطَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى رَأْسِي»","vol":"9","page":12},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-858>بَابُ الْحِمَى</span>","vol":"9","page":13},{"text":"١٢١٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا حِمَى إِلَّا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"9","page":13},{"text":"١٢١٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَمَى النَّقِيعَ» ⦗١٤⦘.\n\n١٢١٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَمَى النَّقِيعَ، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ حَمَى الشَّرَفَ وَالرَّبَذَةَ","vol":"9","page":13},{"text":"١٢١٩٢ - وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَمَى النَّقِيعَ لِخَيْلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَرْعَى فِيهِ».\n\n١٢١٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالنَّقِيعُ بَلَدٌ لَيْسَ بِالْوَاسِعِ الَّذِي إِذَا حُمِيَ ضَاقَتِ الْبِلَادُ بِأَهْلِ الْمَوَاشِي حَوْلَهُ","vol":"9","page":14},{"text":"١٢١٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا حِمَى إِلَّا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ». يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ غَيْرَ مَا حَمَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٢١٩٥ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ لَا حِمَى لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ إِلَّا عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا حَمَى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فِي حِمَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنْ صَلَاحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ حَمَى مَنْ حَمَى عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُدْخَلَ الْحِمَى مَاشِيَةً مِنْ ضِعْفٍ عَنِ النُّجْعَةِ مِمَّنْ حَوْلَ الْحِمَى.\n\n١٢١٩٦ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ حَمَى بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمَرُ ﵁ أَرْضًا لَمْ يُعْلَمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَمَاهَا، وَأَمَرَ فِيهَا بِنَحْوِ مِمَّا وَصَفْتُ","vol":"9","page":14},{"text":"١٢١٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ الْحَافِظُ الزَّاهِدُ ﵁ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ اسْتَعْمَلَ مَوْلًى لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ: هُنَيُّ عَلَى الْحِمَى، فَقَالَ لَهُ: \" يَا هُنَيُّ، ضُمَّ جَنَاحَكَ لِلنَّاسِ، وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ، فَإِنَّ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ مُجَابَةٌ، وَأَدْخِلْ رَبَّ الصُّرَيْمَةِ، وَرَبَّ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَإِيَّاكَ وَنَعَمَ ابْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَنَعَمَ ابْنِ عَوْفٍ ⦗١٥⦘، فَإِنَّهُمَا إِنْ تُهْلِكْ مَاشِيَتُهُمَا يَرْجِعَانِ إِلَى نَخْلٍ وَزَرْعٍ، وَإِنَّ رَبَّ الْغَنِيمَةِ وَالصَّرِيمَةِ يَأْتِينِي بِعِيَالِهِ فَيَقُولُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَفَتَارِكُهُمْ أَنَا لَا أَبَا لَكَ؟ فَالْمَاءُ وَالْكَلَأُ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ، لِعَلَى ذَلِكَ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَرَوْنَ أَنِّي قَدْ ظَلَمْتُهُمْ، إِنَّهَا لَبِلَادِهِمْ، قَاتَلُوا عَلَيْهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَأَسْلَمُوا عَلَيْهَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَلَوْلَا الْمَالُ الَّذِي أَحْمِلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَا حَمَيْتُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ بِلَادِهِمْ شِبْرًا \".\n\n١٢١٩٨ - قَوْلُهُ: وَلَوْلَا الْمَالُ، إِلَى آخِرِهِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَهُوَ مَذْكُورٌ بَعْدَهُ فِي حِكَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ.\n\n١٢١٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي مَعْنَى قَوْلِ عُمَرَ: إِنَّهُمْ يَرَوْنَ أَنِّي قَدْ ظَلَمْتُهُمْ: إِنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنْ مَنَعْتَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَحَدٍ، فَمَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهَا وَأَسْلَمَ أَوْلَى أَنْ تُمْنَعَ لَهُ. وَهَكَذَا كَمَا قَالُوا: لَوْ كَانَتْ تُمْنَعُ لِخَاصَّةٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ لِعَامَّةٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَظْلَمَةٌ.\n\n١٢٢٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنْ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ: وَلَمْ يَظْلِمْهُمْ عُمَرُ، وَإِنْ رَأَوْا ذَلِكَ، بَلْ حَمَى عَلَى مَعْنَى مَا حَمَى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَجْلِ الْحَاجَةِ دُونَ أَهْلِ الْغِنَى. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ.\n\n١٢٢٠١ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا نَسَبَ الْحِمَى إِلَى الْمَالِ الَّذِي يُحْمَلُ عَلَيْهِ الْغَزَاةُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ أَكْثَرِ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِمَّا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى الْحِمَى، وَقَدْ حُمِلَ الْحِمَى خَيْلًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَإِبِلَ الضَّوَالِّ، وَمَا فَضُلَ عَنْ سُهْمَانِ أَهْلِ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَمِنْ ضِعْفٍ عَنِ النُّجْعَةِ مِمَّنْ قَلَّ مَالُهُ، وَكُلُّ هَذَا وَجْهٌ عَامُّ النَّفْعِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي مَعْنَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":14},{"text":"١٢٢٠٢ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗١٦⦘ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ أَحْسِبُهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مَوْلًى لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا مَعَ عُثْمَانَ فِي مَالِهِ بِالْعَالِيَةِ فِي يَوْمٍ صَائِفٍ، إِذْ رَأَى رَجُلًا يَسُوقُ بَكْرَيْنِ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِثْلُ الْفَرَاشِ مِنَ الْحَرِّ، فَقَالَ: مَا عَلَى هَذَا لَوْ قَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى يُبْرِدَ ثُمَّ يَرُوحُ، ثُمَّ دَنَا الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ: انْظُرْ، فَنَظَرْتُ، فَإِذَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقُلْتُ: هَذَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَامَ عُثْمَانُ فَأَخْرَجَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْبَابِ، فَإِذَا لَفْحُ السُّمُومِ، فَأَعَادَ رَأْسَهُ حَتَّى حَاذَاهُ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَخْرَجَكَ هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ؟ فَقَالَ: بَكْرَانِ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ تَخَلَّفَا، وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُلْحِقَهُمَا بِالْحِمَى، وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَضِيعَا فَيَسْأَلَنِي اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، هَلُمَّ إِلَى الْمَاءِ وَالظِّلِّ وَنَكْفِيَكَ، فَقَالَ: عُدْ إِلَى ظِلِّكَ، فَقُلْتُ: عِنْدَنَا مَنْ يَكْفِيكَ، فَقَالَ: عُدْ إِلَى ظِلِّكَ، فَمَضَى، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى الْقَوِيِّ الْأَمِينِ، فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا \"، فَعَادَ إِلَيْنَا فَأَلْقَى نَفْسَهُ","vol":"9","page":15},{"text":"١٢٢٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" كَانَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَزِيزُ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ إِذَا انْتَجَعَ بَلَدًا مُحْصَنًا أَوْفَى بِكَلْبٍ عَلَى جَبَلٍ إِنْ كَانَ، أَوْ بَسَرَهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَلٌ، ثُمَّ اسْتَعْوَاهُ، وَوَقَفَ لَهُ مَنْ يَسْمَعُ مُنْتَهَى صَوْتِهِ بِالْعُوَاءِ، فَحَيْثُ بَلَغَ صَوْتُهُ حِمَاهُ مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ، وَيَرْعَى مَعَ الْعَامَّةِ فِيمَا سِوَاهُ، وَيَمْنَعُ هَذَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ لِضُعَفَاءِ سَائِمَتِهِ، وَمَا أَرَادَ قُرْبَهُ مَعَهَا.\n\n١٢٢٠٤ - فَنَرَى أَنَّ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ:  «لَا حِمَى إِلَّا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ». لَا حِمَى عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى الْخَاصِّ، وَأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: «لِلَّهِ» لِلَّهِ كُلُّ مَحْمِيٍّ وَغَيْرُهُ، وَرَسُولُهُ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَحْمِي لِصَلَاحِ عَامَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، لَا لِمَا يَحْمِي لَهُ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ ﷺ لَمْ يَمْلِكْ مَالًا إِلَّا مَا لَا غِنَى بِهِ وَبِعِيَالِهِ عَنْهُ وَمَصْلَحَتِهِمْ، حَتَّى صَيَّرَ مَا مَلَّكَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ مَرْدُودًا فِي مَصْلَحَتِهِمْ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَا لَهُ إِذَا حَسُنَ فَوْتُ سَنَةٍ مَرْدُودًا فِي مَصْلَحَتِهِمْ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي ⦗١٧⦘ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَإِنَّ مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ كَانَ مُتَفَرِّغًا لِطَاعَةٍ، فَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَجَزَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْرَ مَا جَزَى نَبِيًّا عَنْ أُمَّتِهِ.\n\n١٢٢٠٥ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ ﵀: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ يُوجِبِ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي كْتُبِهِ مَا يُوجِبُهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ لَحُسْنِ ذِكْرِهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ","vol":"9","page":16},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-859>بَابُ مَا يَكُونُ إِحْيَاءً</span>","vol":"9","page":18},{"text":"١٢٢٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحْيَا مَوَاتًا فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ».\n\n١٢٢٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَجِمَاعُ الْعِرْقِ الظَّالِمِ، كُلَّمَا حَفَرَ أَوْ غَرَسَ أَوْ بَنَى ظُلْمًا فِي حَقِّ امْرِئٍ بِغَيْرِ خُرُوجِهِ مِنْهُ","vol":"9","page":18},{"text":"١٢٢٠٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحْيَا مَوَاتًا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَعَادِيُّ الْأَرْضِ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ مِنِّي».\n\n١٢٢٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَفِي هَذَيْنِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا الدَّلَالَةُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَوَاتَ لَيْسَ مِلْكًا لِأَحَدٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، وَأَنَّ مَنَ أَحْيَا مَوَاتًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ الْإِحْيَاءَ لَيْسَ هُوَ بِالنُّزُولِ، وَلَا مَا أَشْبَهُهُ، وَأَنَّ الْإِحْيَاءِ الَّذِي يَعْرِفُهُ النَّاسُ هُوَ الْعِمَارَةُ، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ يَحْيَى بْنِ جَعْدَةَ","vol":"9","page":18},{"text":"١٢٢١٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ⦗١٩⦘، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ جَعْدَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ أَقْطَعَ النَّاسَ الدُّورَ، فَقَالَ حَيٌّ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ بَنُو عَبْدِ بْنِ زُهْرَةَ: نَكِّبْ عَنَّا ابْنَ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَلِمَ ابْتَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ إِذًا؟ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُقَدِّسُ أُمَّةً لَا يُؤْخَذُ لِلضَّعِيفِ مِنْهُمْ حَقُّهُ»","vol":"9","page":18},{"text":"١٢٢١١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقْطَعَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَرْضًا، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ أَقْطَعَ الْعَقِيقَ أَجْمَعَ»","vol":"9","page":19},{"text":"١٢٢١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْمَدِينَةُ بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْنِ تُنْسَبُ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا صِنْفٌ مَعْمُورٌ، وَالْآخَرُ خَارِجٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَقْطَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْخَارِجَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الصَّحْرَاءِ، اسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّحْرَاءَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَنْسُوبَةً إِلَى حَيٍّ بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ لَيْسَتْ مِلْكًا لَهُمْ كَمِلْكِ مَا أَحْيَوْا \"","vol":"9","page":19},{"text":"١٢٢١٣ - قَالَ: وَمِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَالِكًا أَخْبَرَنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" كَانَ النَّاسُ يَحْتَجِرُونَ عَلَى عَهْدِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ:  «مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَوَاتًا فَهِيَ لَهُ»","vol":"9","page":19},{"text":"١٢٢١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْأَزْرَقِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ، قَامَ ⦗٢٠⦘ بِفِنَاءِ دَارِهِ فَضَرَبَ بِرِجْلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: \" سَنَامُ الْأَرْضِ، إِنَّ لَهَا سَنَامًا، زَعَمَ ابْنُ فَرْقَدٍ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ أَنِّي لَا أَعْرِفُ حَقِّي مِنْ حَقِّهِ، لِي بَيَاضُ الْمَرْوَةِ، وَلَهُ سَوَادُهَا، وَلِي مَا بَيْنَ كَذَا إِلَى كَذَا، قَالُوا: فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا مَا أَحَاطَتْ بِهِ جِدَرَاتُهُ، إِنَّ إِحْيَاءَ الْمَوَاتِ مَا يَكُونُ زَرْعًا أَوْ حَفْرًا أَوْ يُحَاطُ بِالْجِدَرَاتِ».\n\n١٢٢١٥ - كَذَا أَتَوْا بِهِ مَوْصُولًا بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: إِنَّ إِحْيَاءَ الْمَوَاتِ. إِلَى آخِرِهِ مِنْ كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ.\n\n١٢٢١٦ - ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْدَهُ: وَهُوَ مِثْلُ إِبْطَالِهِ التَّحْجِيرَ بِغَيْرِ مَا يُعْمَرُ بِهِ مِثْلُ مَا يُحْجَرُ","vol":"9","page":19},{"text":"١٢٢١٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَسَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْأَزْرَقِيِّ الْغَسَّانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ قَالَ: ضَرَبَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ بِرِجْلِهِ عَلَى بَابِ دَارِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" سَنَامٌ، إِنَّ لَهَا سَنَامًا، زَعَمَ ابْنُ فَرْقَدٍ أَنِّي لَا أَعْرِفُ حَقِّي، لِي مَا اسْوَدَّ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ، وَلَهُ مَا أَبْيَضَّ مِنْهَا، أَوْ لِي مَا أَبْيَضَّ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ، وَلَهُ مَا اسْوَدَّ مِنْهَا، الشَّكُّ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: «كَذَبَ، لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا مَا أَحَاطَتْ عَلَيْهِ جُدْرَانُهُ»","vol":"9","page":20},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-860>بَابُ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ إِقْطَاعُهُ</span>","vol":"9","page":21},{"text":"١٢٢١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" مَا كَانَ ظَاهِرًا الَّذِي يَكُونُ فِي الْجِبَالِ تَنْتَابُهُ النَّاسُ، فَهَذَا لَا يَصْلُحُ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُقْطِعَهُ أَحَدًا بِحَالٍ، وَالنَّاسُ فِيهِ شُرَّعٌ، وَهَكَذَا النَّهَرُ، وَالْمَاءُ الظَّاهِرُ، وَهَذَا كَالنَّبَاتِ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُهُ أَحَدٌ، وَكَالْمَاءِ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُهُ أَحَدٌ","vol":"9","page":21},{"text":"١٢٢١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَأْرِبَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ الْأَبْيَضَ بْنَ حَمَّالٍ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنْ يُقْطِعَهُ مِلْحَ مَأْرِبَ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُقْطِعَهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: اقْطِعْهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: «إِنَّهُ كَالْمَاءِ الْعِدِّ»، فَقَالَ: «فَلَا إِذًا».\n\n١٢٢٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٢٢١ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَأْرِبِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبْيَضَ بْنِ حَمَّالِ","vol":"9","page":21},{"text":"١٢٢٢٢ - وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ: نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَأْرِبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ شَرَاحِيلَ، عَنْ سُمَيِّ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ شَمِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبْيَضَ بْنِ حَمَّالٍ قَالَ: \" قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاسْتَقْطَعْتُ الْمِلْحَ الَّذِي بِمَأْرِبَ، فَقَطَعَهُ لِي، فَلَمَّا وَلَّيْتُ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتَدْرِي مَا قَطَعْتَ لَهُ؟ إِنَّمَا قَطَعْتَ لَهُ الْمَاءَ الْعِدَّ، فَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ\". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَأْرِبِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"9","page":22},{"text":"١٢٢٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْبُرِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n١٢٢٢٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ الْبَزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْغَازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ثَوْرٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ حَرِيزٍ، عَنْ أَبِي خِدَاشٍ ⦗٢٣⦘، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: غَزَوْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ غَزَوَاتٍ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: \" الْمُسْلِمُونَ شُرَكَاءُ فِي ثَلَاثٍ: فِي الْمَاءِ، وَالْكَلَأِ، وَالنَّارِ \".\n\n١٢٢٢٥ - قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ: وَسَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ مُعَاذًا، فَحَدَّثَنِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَرِيزُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حِبَّانُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الشَّرْعَبِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٢٢٦ - قَالَ عَمْرٌو: لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ فَحَدَّثَنَا بِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرِيزٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حِبَّانُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الشَّرْعَبِيُّ.\n\n١٢٢٢٧ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ السُّلَمِيِّ، وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ: حَبَّانُ بِالنَّصْبِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُعَاذٍ بِالْخَفْضِ","vol":"9","page":22},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-861>مَقَاعِدُ الْأَسْوَاقِ</span>","vol":"9","page":24},{"text":"١٢٢٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَنْ سَبَقَ إِلَى مَكَانٍ فِي السُّوقِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ».\n\n١٢٢٢٩ - قَالَ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا نُبَايِعُ الرَّجُلَ الْيَوْمَ هَاهُنَا، وَغَدًا فِي نَاحِيَةٍ أُخْرَى","vol":"9","page":24},{"text":"١٢٢٣٠ - وَعَنْ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا فِي زَمَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، مَنْ سَبَقَ إِلَى مَكَانٍ فِي السُّوقِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ».\n\n١٢٢٣١ - وَبِمِثْلِ هَذَا أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"9","page":24},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-862>إِقْطَاعُ الْمَعَادِنِ الْبَاطِنَةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":25},{"text":"١٢٢٣٢ - قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي ذَلِكَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقْطَعَ بِلَالَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ الْمُزَنِيَّ مَعَادِنَ الْقَبَلِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْفُرْعِ، فَتِلْكَ الْمَعَادِنُ لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا الزَّكَاةُ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ».\n\n١٢٢٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَطَعَ لِبِلَالِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ","vol":"9","page":25},{"text":"١٢٢٣٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْإِقْطَاعِ مَوْصُولًا، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «أَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِلَالَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ الْمُزَنِيَّ مَعَادِنَ الْقَبَلِيَّةِ جَلْسِيَّهَا وَغَوْرِيِّهَا، وَحَيْثُ يَصْلُحُ الزَّرْعُ»","vol":"9","page":26},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-863>بَابُ النَّهْيِ عَنْ مَنْعِ فَضْلِ الْمَاءِ</span>","vol":"9","page":27},{"text":"١٢٢٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ\n\n١٢٢٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُمْنَعُ فَضْلُ الْمَاءِ لِيُمْنَعَ بِهِ الْكَلَأُ»، لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْمُزَنِيِّ.\n\n١٢٢٣٧ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرِهِ.\n\n١٢٢٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ: «لَا يُمْنَعُ فَضْلُ الْمَاءِ لِيُمْنَعَ بِهِ الْكَلَأُ» ⦗٢٨⦘. وَأَخْطَأَ فِيهِ الْكَاتِبُ فِي كِتَابِ: إِحْيَاءِ الْمَوَاتِ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ مَنَعَ فُضُولَ الْمَاءِ لِيَمْنَعَ بِهِ الْكَلَأَ مَنَعَهُ اللَّهُ فَضْلَ رَحْمَتِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»، وَهَذَا الْكِتَابُ مِمَّا لَمْ يُقْرَأْ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَلَوْ قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِ لِغَيَّرَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الْكِتَابِ عَلَى الْوَهْمِ.\n\n١٢٢٣٩ - وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ لَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ إِنَّمَا هُوَ حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٢٤٠ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ.\n\n١٢٢٤١ - وَمِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ذَكَرَهُ بِبَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْأَسَانِيدِ، فَدَخَّلَ الْكَاتِبُ حَدِيثًا فِي حَدِيثٍ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الْأَظْهَرُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٢٢٤٢ - وَمَعْنَاهُ مَوْجُودٌ فِي حَدِيثٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"9","page":27},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّصْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْدَوَيْهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ آدَمَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أُرَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ ﷿، وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ: رَجُلٌ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ عَلَى مَالِ مُسْلِمٍ فَاقْتَطَعَهُ، وَرَجُلٌ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ أَنَّهُ أَعْطَى بِسِلْعَتِهِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَعْطَى وَهُوَ كَاذِبٌ، وَرَجُلٌ مَنَعَ فَضْلَ مَاءٍ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ يَقُولُ: «الْيَوْمَ أَمْنَعُكَ فَضْلِي مَا مَنَعْتَ فَضْلَ مَا لَمْ تَعْمَلْ يَدَاكَ» ⦗٢٩⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٢٢٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ مَالِكَ الْمَالِ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَشْرَبَ بِهِ وَيُسْتَقَى، وَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُعْطِي فَضْلَهُ عَمَّا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ مَنَعَ فَضْلَ الْمَاءِ»، وَفَضْلُ الْمَاءِ الْفَضْلُ عَنْ حَاجَةِ مَالِكِ الْمَاءِ","vol":"9","page":28},{"text":"١٢٢٤٤ - وَهَذَا أَوْضَحُ حَدِيثٍ رُوِيَ فِي الْمَاءِ، وَأَثْبَتُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ مَالِكًا رَوَى، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُمْنَعُ نَقْعُ الْبِئْرِ».\n\n١٢٢٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ هَذَا جُمْلَةً نُدِبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَيْهَا فِي الْمَاءِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكُلُّ مَاءٍ بِبَادِيَةٍ يَزِيدُ فِي عَيْنٍ أَوْ بِئْرٍ أَوْ غَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَرٍ بَلَغَ مَالِكُهُ مِنْهُ حَاجَتَهُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَاشِيَتِهِ وَزَرْعِ، إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ مَنْعُ فَضْلِهِ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَشْرَبُ بِهِ أَوْ يَسْقِي ذَا رُوحٍ، خَاصَّةً دُونَ الزَّرْعِ وَالشَّجَرِ، زَادَ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: الْبِنَاءَ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ بِذَلِكَ مَالِكُ الْمَاءِ","vol":"9","page":29},{"text":"١٢٢٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا يُمْنَعُ نَقْعُ الْبِئْرِ». مَوْصُولًا. وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"9","page":29},{"text":"١٢٢٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي تَرْتِيبِ سَقْيِ الْمَاءِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي السَّيْلِ الْمَهْزِوَزِ أَنْ يُمْسَكَ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكَعْبَيْنِ»","vol":"9","page":30},{"text":"١٢٢٤٨ - فِيمَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ قاَلَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحَارِثِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَاِلِكٍ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مَالِكٍ: «أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ كُبَرَاءَهُمُ يَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ كَانَ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَخَاصَمَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَهْزِوَزِ السَّيْلِ الَّذِي يَقْتَسِمُونَ مَاءَهُ، فَقَضَى بَيْنَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الْمَاءَ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ، لَا يَحْبِسُ الْأَعْلَى عَنِ الْأَسْفَلِ».\n\n١٢٢٤٩ - وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْقَوْمُ فِي سَعَةِ الطَّرِيقِ الْمِئْتَاءِ إِلَى مَا أَحْيَوْهُ","vol":"9","page":30},{"text":"١٢٢٥٠ - فَقَدْ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاضِي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْعَدَوِيِّ ⦗٣١⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا تَدَارَأْتُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ، فَاجْعَلُوهُ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ». رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"9","page":30},{"text":"١٢٢٥١ - وَرُوِّينَا، فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \" فِي رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا فِي حَرِيمِ نَخْلَةٍ، فَأَمَرَ بِجَرِيدَةٍ مِنْ جَرِيدِهَا فَذُرِعَتْ، فَوُجِدَتْ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: خَمْسَةَ أَذْرُعٍ، فَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ \"","vol":"9","page":31},{"text":"١٢٢٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَوْفٍ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «حَرِيمُ الْبِئْرِ أَرْبَعُونَ ذِرَاعًا مِنْ جَوَانِبِهَا لِأَعْطَانِ الْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ»","vol":"9","page":31},{"text":"١٢٢٥٣ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا:  «حَرِيمُ بِئْرِ الْعَادِيَّةِ خَمْسُونَ ⦗٣٢⦘ ذِرَاعًا، وَحَرِيمُ بِئْرِ الْبَدِيِّ خَمْسَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ ذِرَاعًا». قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِنْ قِبَلِ نَفْسِهِ: وَحَرِيمُ قَلِيبِ الزَّرْعِ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ ذِرَاعٍ","vol":"9","page":31},{"text":"١٢٢٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تُضَارُّوا فِي الْحَفْرِ». وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَحْفِرَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى جَنْبِ الرَّجُلِ لِيُذْهِبَ بِمَائِهِ","vol":"9","page":32},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-864>بَابُ مَنْ قَضَى فِيمَا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ لِمَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُهُمْ، وَدَفْعُ الضَّرَرِ عَنْهُمْ عَلَى الِاجْتِهَادِ</span>","vol":"9","page":33},{"text":"١٢٢٥٥ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ فِيهِ فَصْلًا طَوِيلًا، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَّ مَالِكًا أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا ضَرَرَ وَلَا ضِرَارَ»","vol":"9","page":33},{"text":"١٢٢٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَمْنَعْ ⦗٣٤⦘ أَحَدُكُمْ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِي جِدَارِهِ» قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: مَا لِي أَرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ، وَاللَّهِ لَأَرْمِيَنَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِكُمْ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٢٢٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالَ: خَشَبَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ تَنْوِينٍ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: هَكَذَا قَرَأَهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ عَلَيْنَا: خَشَبَهُ، وَهُوَ الصَّوَابٌ.\n\n١٢٢٥٨ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، وَجَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: خَشَبَةً، بِالتَّنْوِينِ","vol":"9","page":33},{"text":"١٢٢٥٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَ أَحَدَكُمْ جَارُهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِي جِدَارِهِ فَلَا يَمْنَعْهُ». فَلَمَّا حَدَّثَهُمْ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ نَكَّسُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: مَا لِي أَرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ، أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَأَرْمِيَنَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِكُمْ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٢٢٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِاتِّصَالِهِ وَمَعْرِفَةِ رِجَالِهِ، وَهُوَ يَلْزَمُ لُزُومَ كُلِّ حَدِيثٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الِانْفِرَادِ، وَيَقُولُ ⦗٣٥⦘، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: إِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ لِمَعْنَى ضَرُورَةِ الْجَارِ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَى مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ مَنْ أَنْ لَا يُمْنَعَ فَضْلُ الْمَاءِ لِيُمْنَعَ بِهِ الْكَلَأُ.\n\n١٢٢٦١ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ كَيْفِيَّةَ الضَّرُورَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا خَاصَمَ رَجُلًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي خَشَبٍ، أَوْ قَالَ فِي خَشَبَةٍ، يَغْرِزُهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: يَغْرِزُهَا فِي جِدَارِهِ فَمَنَعَهُ، فَأَثْبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١٢٢٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَضَى لَهُ عَلَى جَارِهِ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً أَوْ خَشَبًا فِي جِدَارِهِ.\n\n١٢٢٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْفَظْ إِسْنَادَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"9","page":34},{"text":"وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّ هِشَامَ بْنَ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ أَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنْ لَا يَغْرِزَ الْآخَرُ خَشَبًا فِي جِدَارِهِ، فَلَقِيَا مُجَمِّعَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، وَرِجَالًا كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالُوا: «نَشْهَدُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ أَنْ لَا يَمْنَعَ جَارٌ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبًا فِي جِدَارِهِ»، فَقَالَ الْحَالِفُ: أَيْ أَخِي، قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ يُقْضَى لَكَ عَلَيَّ، وَقَدْ حَلَفْتُ فَاجْعَلْ أُسْطُوَانًا دُونَ جِدَارِي، فَفَعَلَ الْآخَرُ فَغَرَزَ فِي الْأُسْطُوَانَةِ خَشَبَةً قَالَ لِي عَمْرٌو: فَأَنَا نَظَرْتُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"9","page":35},{"text":"١٢٢٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،: أَنَّ الضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ خَلِيفَةَ سَاقَ خَلِيجًا لَهُ مِنَ الْعُرَيْضِ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَمُرَّ بِهِ فِي أَرْضٍ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، فَأَبَى مُحَمَّدٌ، فَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ ⦗٣٦⦘ الضَّحَّاكُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَدَعَا ابْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُخَلِّيَ سَبِيلَهُ، فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ: لَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «لِمَ تَمْنَعُ أَخَاكَ مَا يَنْفَعُهُ، وَهُوَ لَكَ نَافِعٌ؟ تَشْرَبُ بِهِ أَوَّلًا وآخِرًا وَلَا يَضُرُّكَ»، فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: لَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «وَاللَّهِ لَيَمُرَّنَّ بِهِ، وَلَوْ عَلَى بَطْنِكَ»","vol":"9","page":35},{"text":"١٢٢٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي حَائِطِ جَدِّهِ رَبِيعٌ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَأَرَادَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنْ يُحَوِّلَهُ إِلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ الْحَائِطِ هِيَ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى أَرْضِهِ، فَمَنَعَهُ صَاحِبُ الْحَائِطِ، فَكَلَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عُمَرَ، فَقَضَى عُمَرُ، أَنْ «يَمُرَّ بِهِ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ».\n\n١٢٢٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَحْسِبُ قَضَاءَ عُمَرَ فِي امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ مِنْ بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْوُجُوهِ الَّتِي مَنَعَ فِيهَا الضَّرَرَ، وَاسْتَثْنَاهَا لِهَذَا مِنَ الْحُكْمِ، وَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ التَّوْفِيقَ إِذَا جَاءَتِ الضَّرُورَاتُ، فَحُكْمُهَا مُخَالِفٌ حُكْمَ غَيْرِ الضَّرُورَاتِ\n\n١٢٢٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الْقَضَاءُ فِي امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ فَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ فِيهِ عَلِيٌّ، وَالْقِيَاسُ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، فَتَرَكَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ قَوْلَهُ الْأَوَّلَ.\n\n١٢٢٦٨ - وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي الْخَلِيجِ، وَالرَّبِيعِ فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ خَالَفَهُ، وَقَدْ يَجِدُ مَنْ يَدَعُ الْقَوْلَ بِهِ عُمُومًا فِي أَنَّ كُلَّ مُسْلِمٍ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ فَيَتَوَسَّعُ بِهِ فِي خِلَافِهِ","vol":"9","page":36},{"text":"١٢٢٦٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَتْ لَهُ عَضُدٌ مِنْ نَخْلٍ فِي حَائِطِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَمَعَ الرَّجُلِ أَهْلُهُ، وَكَانَ سَمُرَةُ يَدْخُلُ إِلَى نَخْلِهِ فَيَتَأَذَّى بِهِ، وَيَشُقُّ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَطَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ ⦗٣٧⦘ فَأَبَى، فَطَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُنَاقِلَهُ فَأَبَى قَالَ: «فَهِبْهُ لِي وَلَكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، أَمْرٌ رَغَّبَهُ فِيهِ، فَأَبَى فَقَالَ: «أَنْتَ مُضَارٌّ»، فَقَالَ لِلْأَنْصَارِيِّ:  «اذْهَبْ فَاقْلَعْ نَخْلَهُ»","vol":"9","page":36},{"text":"١٢٢٧٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي شَبِيهٍ بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ. قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَا رَأَيْتُ أَبْخَلَ مِنْكَ إِلَّا الَّذِي يَبْخَلُ بِالسَّلَامِ» وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِقَلْعِ عَذْقِهِ.\n\n١٢٢٧١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي قِصَّةٍ لِأَبِي لُبَابَةَ شَبِيهَةٍ بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، حَتَّى ابْتَاعَهُ ابْنُ الدَّحْدَاحَةِ بِحَدِيقَتِهِ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ الْأَمْرُ بِالْقَلْعِ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٢٢٧٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْخَشَبِ فِي الْجِدَارِ، فَإِنَّهُ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ ثَابِتٌ لَمْ نَجِدْ فِي سُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا يُعَارِضُهُ، وَلَا تَصِحُّ مُعَارَضَتُهُ بِالْعُمُومَاتِ.\n\n١٢٢٧٣ - وَقَدْ نَصَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْجَدِيدِ فِي الْقَوْلِ بِهِ، وَلَا عُذْرَ لِأَحَدٍ فِي مُخَالَفَتِهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"9","page":37},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-865>بَابُ الْوَقْفُ</span>","vol":"9","page":38},{"text":"١٢٢٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ مَلَكَ مِائَةَ سَهْمٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ اشْتَرَاهَا، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي أَصَبْتُ مَالًا لَمْ أُصِبْ مِثْلَهُ قَطَّ، وَقَدْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَقَرَّبَ بِهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ:  «حَبِّسِ الْأَصْلَ وَسَبِّلِ الثَّمَرَةَ»","vol":"9","page":38},{"text":"١٢٢٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ⦗٣٩⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْقَاضِي، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي أَصَبْتُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ مَالًا لَمْ أُصِبْ مَالًا قَطُّ أَعْجَبَ إِلَيَّ أَوْ أَعْظَمَ عِنْدِي مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِنْ شِئْتَ حَبَسْتَ أَصْلَهُ وَسَبَّلْتَ ثَمَرَهُ». فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ حَكَى صَدَقَتَهُ بِهِ.\n\n١٢٢٧٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عُمَرُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُبَاعُ أَصْلُهَا، وَلَا تُوهَبُ، وَلَا تُورَثُ، وَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي الْفُقَرَاءِ، وَفِي الْقُرْبَى، وَفِي الرِّقَابِ، وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ، وَالضَّيْفِ، لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَى مَنْ وَلِيَهَا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، أَوْ يُطْعِمَ صَدِيقًا غَيْرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ فِيهِ.\n\n١٢٢٧٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ: فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ ابْنَ سِيرِينَ، فَقَالَ: غَيْرَ مُتَأَثِّلٍ مَالًا","vol":"9","page":38},{"text":"١٢٢٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَشْهَلُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: أَصَابَ عُمَرُ أَرْضًا بِخَيْبَرَ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَاسْتَأْمَرَهُ فِيهَا، فَقَالَ: أَصَبْتُ أَرْضًا بِخَيْبَرَ لَمْ أُصِبْ مَالًا أَنْفَسَ عِنْدِي مِنْهُ، فَمَا تَأْمُرُنِي بِهِ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِنْ شِئْتَ حَبَسْتَ أَصْلَهَا، وَتَصَدَّقْتَ بِهَا». قَالَ: فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عُمَرُ، لَا تُبَاعُ، وَلَا تُوهَبُ، وَلَا تُورَثُ، وَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي الْفُقَرَاءِ، وَالْقُرْبَى، وَالرِّقَابِ، وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ، وَالضَّيْفِ، لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَى مَنْ وَلِيَهَا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَيُطْعِمَ صَدِيقًا غَيْرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ بِهِ \".\n\n١٢٢٧٩ - قَالَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ: فَحَدَّثْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سِيرِينَ فَقَالَ: غَيْرَ مُتَأَثِّلٍ مَالًا ⦗٤٠⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ.\n\n١٢٢٨٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَخْرِ بْنِ جُوَيْرِيَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «تَصَدَّقْ بِأَصْلِهِ، لَا يُبَاعُ، وَلَا يُوهَبُ، وَلَا يُورَثُ، وَلَكِنْ يُنْفَقُ ثَمَرُهُ» فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ عُمَرُ \".\n\n١٢٢٨١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «تَصَدَّقْ بِثَمَرِهِ، وَاحْبِسْ أَصْلَهُ، لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُورَثُ».\n\n١٢٢٨٢ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ مَا شَرَطَهُ عُمَرُ فِي كِتَابِ صَدَقَتِهِ إِنَّمَا أَخَذَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٢٨٣ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنِّي ذَكَرْتُ صَدَقَتِي لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْ نَحْوَ هَذَا، لَرَدَدْتُهَا»، فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، لَا تَثْبُتُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ، وَمَشْكُوكٌ فِي مَتْنِهِ، لَا يَدْرِي كَيْفَ قَالَهُ، وَالظَّاهِرُ مِنْهُ مَعَ مَا رُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ لَوْلَا ذِكْرِي إِيَّاهَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَمْرُهُ إِيَّايَ بِحَبْسِ أَصْلِهَا، وَقَوْلُهُ: «لَا تُبَاعُ، وَلَا تُوهَبُ، وَلَا تُورَثُ»، لَرَدَدْتُهَا، لَكِنَّهُ لَمَّا شَرَعَ فِي الْوَقْفِ نَسِيتُ سُؤَالَ مَا شَرَعَ، فَلَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى رَدِّهَا، وَالْأَشْبَهُ بِعُمَرَ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا صَحِيحًا أَنَّهُ لَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ رَدَّهَا إِلَى سَبِيلٍ آخَرَ مِنْ سُبُلِ الْخَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنِّي ذَكَرْتُهَا لَهُ ⦗٤١⦘، وَأَمَرَنِي بِمَا شَرَطْتُ فِيهَا لَرَدَدْتُهَا إِلَى سَبِيلٍ آخَرَ إِذْ لَمْ يَتَحَدَّدْ ثَمَّ ضَرُورَةٌ إِلَى رَدِّهَا إِلَى مِلْكِهِ، وَلَا زَهَادَةَ فِي الْخَيْرِ، بَلْ كَانَ يَزْدَادُ عَلَى مَرِّ الْأَيَّامِ حِرْصًا عَلَى الْخَيْرَاتِ، وَرَغْبَةً فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَزَهَادَةً فِي الدُّنْيَا.\n\n١٢٢٨٤ - وَلَا يَصِحُّ مِثْلُ هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي عَارَضَ بِهِ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ مَا أَشْرْنَا إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الثَّابِتَةِ الَّتِي انْقَادَ لَهَا أَبُو يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي، وَتَرَكَ بِهَا قَوْلَ مَنْ خَالَفَهَا، وَاللَّهُ يَرْحَمُنَا وَإِيَّاهُ، وَتَبِعَهَا أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ فِي بَعْضِهَا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ شَرَطَ فِي لُزُومِهَا الْقَبْضَ.\n\n١٢٢٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَالصَّدَقَاتُ الْمُحَرَّمَاتُ الَّتِي يَقُولُ بِهَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، الْوَقْفُ عِنْدَنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَمَكَّةَ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ الْعَامَّةِ الَّتِي لَا يُحْتَاجُ فِيهَا إِلَى نَقْلِ خَبَرِ الْخَاصَّةِ، وَصَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي قَائِمَةٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَصَدَقَةُ الزُّبَيْرِ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهَا، وَصَدَقَةُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَائِمَةٌ، وَصَدَقَةُ عُثْمَانَ، وَصَدَقَةُ عَلِيٍّ، وَصَدَقَةُ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَصَدَقَةُ مَنْ لَا أُحْصِي مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَأَعْرَاضِهَا، وَصَدَقَةُ الْأَرْقَمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَرْقَمِ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ بِمَكَّةَ، وَصَدَقَةُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، وَصَدَقَةُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ بِالرَّهْطِ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الطَّائِفِ، وَمَا لَا أُحْصِي مِنَ الصَّدَقَاتِ الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ لَا تُبَعْنَ وَلَا تُوهَبْنَ بِمَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ وَأَعْرَاضِهَا.\n\n١٢٢٨٦ - وَلَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ تَصَدَّقُوا صَدَقَاتٍ مُحَرَّمَاتٍ مَوْقُوفَاتٍ، وَقَدْ وَرِثَ كُلَّ مَنْ سَمَّيْنَاهُ وَرَثَةٌ فِيهِمُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْغَرِيبَةُ الْحَرِيصَةُ عَلَى أَخْذِ حَقِّهَا مِنْ تِلْكِ الْأَمْوَالِ، وَعَلَى بَعْضِ وَرَثَتِهِمُ الدُّيُونُ الَّتِي يَطْلُبُ أَهْلُهَا أَمْوَالَ مَنْ عَلَيْهِ دُيُونُهُمْ لِيُبَاعَ لَهُ فِي حَقِّهِ، وَفِيهِمْ مَنْ يُحِبُّ بَيْعَ مَالِهِ فِي الْحَاجَةِ، وَيُحِبُّ بَيْعَهُ لِيَنْفَرِدَ بِمَالٍ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيُحِبُّ قَسْمَهُ، فَأَنْفَذَ الْحُكَّامُ مَا صَنَعَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَمَنَعُوا مَنْ طَلَبَ قَسْمَ أُصُولِهَا، أَوْ بَيْعَهَا، مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِكُلِّ وَجْهٍ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ هَذَا.\n\n١٢٢٨٧ - وَفِيهِ جَوَابٌ عَمَّا قَالَ مَنْ تَرَكَ السُّنَّةَ فِي الْوَقْفِ وَأَنْ لَيْسَ فِي ⦗٤٢⦘ بَقَاءِ حَبْسِ عُمَرَ إِلَى غَايَتِنَا هَذِهِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ نَقْضُهُ، وَإِنَّمَا الَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَوْ كَانُوا خَاصَمُوا فِيهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَمُنِعُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَكْتَفِ بِمَا شَرَطَ عُمَرُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَلَا بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِتَحْبِيسِهِ، وَلَا بِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ﷺ: «لَا يُبَاعُ، وَلَا يُوهَبُ، وَلَا يُورَثُ»، وَجَعَلَ جَمِيعَ ذَلِكَ لَغْوًا، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ يَتَّبِعُ الْآثَارَ، وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ.\n\n١٢٢٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ لِي قَائِلٌ: إِنَّمَا رَدَدْنَا الصَّدَقَاتِ الْمَوْقُوفَاتِ بِأُمُورٍ. قُلْتُ لَهُ: وَمَا هُنَّ؟ فَقَالَ: قَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ بِإِطْلَاقِ الْحُبُسِ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: الْحُبُسُ الَّتِي جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِطْلَاقِهَا، هِيَ غَيْرُ مَا ذَهَبْتَ إِلَيْهِ، وَهِيَ بَيِّنَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَحِيرَةٍ وَلَا سَائِبَةٍ وَلَا وَصِيلَةٍ وَلَا حَامٍ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٣] فَهَذِهِ الْحُبُسُ الَّتِي كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَحْبِسُونَهَا فَأَبْطَلَ اللَّهُ شُرُوطَهُمْ فِيهَا، وَأَبْطَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِبْطَالِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ إِيَّاهَا، وَهِيَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: إِذَا نَتَجَ فَحْلُ إِبِلِهِ ثُمَّ أَلْقَحَ فَأُنْتِجَ مِنْهُ، فَهُوَ حَامٍ، أَيْ قَدْ حَمِيَ ظَهْرُهُ فَيُحَرَّمُ رُكُوبُهُ، وَيُجْعَلُ ذَلِكَ شَبِيهًا بِالْعِتْقِ لَهُ، وَيَقُولُ فِي الْبَحِيرَةِ، وَالْوَصِيلَةِ عَلَى مَعْنًى يُوَافِقُ بَعْضَ هَذَا، وَيَقُولُ لِعَبْدِهِ: أَنْتَ حُرٌّ سَائِبَةٌ لَا يَكُونُ لِي وَلَاؤُكَ، وَلَا عَلَيَّ عَقْلُكَ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ أَيْضًا فِي الْبَهَائِمِ، وَقَدْ سَيَّبْتُكَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعِتْقُ لَا يَقَعُ عَلَى الْبَهَائِمِ رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِلْكَ الْبَحِيرَةِ، وَالْوَصِيلَةِ، وَالْحَامِ إِلَى مَالِكِهَا، وَأَثْبَتَ الْعِتْقَ، وَجَعَلَ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ السَّائِبَةَ، وَلَمْ يَحْبِسْ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، عَلِمْتُهُ، دَارًا، وَلَا أَرْضًا تَبَرُّرًا بِحَبْسِهَا، وَإِنَّمَا حَبَسَ أَهْلُ الْإِسْلَامِ\n\n١٢٢٨٩ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ فِي التَّحْبِيسِ، وَبَيَّنَ بِذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْحُبُسَ الَّتِي أَطْلَقَ غَيْرُ الْحُبُسِ الَّتِي أَمَرَ بِتَحْبِيسِهَا ⦗٤٣⦘.\n\n١٢٢٩٠ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبَحِيرَةِ: رِوَايَةُ شَيْخِنَا أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِ شُرَيْحٍ: «لَا حَبْسَ عَنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ»، لَا حُجَّةَ فِيهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: قَوْلُ شُرَيْحٍ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ لَا يَكُونُ حُجَّةً، وَلَوْ كَانَ حُجَّةً لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا حَبْسٌ عَنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوَ وَهَبَهَا لِأَجْنَبِيٍّ أَوْ بَاعَهُ إِيَّاهَا فَحَابَاهُ، أَيَجُوزُ؟ فَإِنْ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قِيلَ: أَفَهَذَا فِرَارٌ مِنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ؟ فَإِنْ قَالَ: لَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَعْطَاهُ وَهُوَ يَمْلِكُ، وَقَبْلَ وُقُوعِ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ، قِيلَ: وَهَكَذَا الصَّدَقَةُ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا صَحِيحًا، وَقَبْلَ وُقُوعِ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْفَرَائِضَ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ الْمَالِكِ وَفِي الْمَرَضِ.\n\n١٢٢٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي يَقُولُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ بِمَسْجِدٍ لَهُ جَازَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَعُدْ فِي مِلْكِهِ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ","vol":"9","page":39},{"text":"١٢٢٩٢ - وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ نَصَرَ قَوْلَ مَنْ أَبْطَلَهَا بِمَا رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ عِيسَى بْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا حَبْسَ عَنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ»","vol":"9","page":43},{"text":"١٢٢٩٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: لَمَّا أُنْزِلَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ قَالَ:  «لَا حَبْسَ بَعْدَ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ».\n\n١٢٢٩٤ - وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَصْحَابُ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى ضِعْفِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، وَتَرْكِ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِمَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِرِوَايَتِهِ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ.\n\n١٢٢٩٥ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْهُ: لَمْ يُسْنِدْهُ غَيْرُ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ وَهُمَا ضَعِيفَانِ\n\n١٢٢٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي يُحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِهِ هَاهُنَا، يَطْعَنُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ حَدِيثُ التَّكْبِيرِ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ، عَنْ قَوْمٍ مَعْرُوفِينَ، وَلَهُ شَوَاهِدُ، ثُمَّ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ حِينَ رَوَى ⦗٤٤⦘ مَا يُشْبِهُ قَوْلَهَ، عَنْ مَجْهُولٍ، وَلَا شَاهِدَ لَهُ إِلَّا عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ صَارَ غَيْرَ مَطْعُونٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ مُعَمًّى فِيهِ، إِنْ كَانَ تَأْوِيلُهُ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْخِلَافِ لِرِوَايَةِ أَهْلِ الثِّقَةِ، عَلَى أَنَّهُ، إِنْ صَحَّ، كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ غَيْرَ الْحُبُسِ الَّتِي أَمَرَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، جَمْعًا بَيْنَ الرِّوَايَاتِ.\n\n١٢٢٩٧ - وَقَوْلُ شُرَيْحٍ: «لَا حَبْسَ عَنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ»، إِنَّمَا حَمَلَهُ عَنْهُ عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ مُسْتَفْتِيًا فِي زَمَنِ بِشْرِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ حِينَ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ أَحَدٌ، وَلَوْ ظَهَرَ قَوْلُهُ لِمَنْ بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ لَمْ نَعْجِزْ عَنْ مُنْكِرِينَ إِيَّاهُ، وَعَمَلُهُمْ بِالتَّحْبِيسِ وَاحِدًا بَعْدَ آخَرَ، كَمَا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ يُؤَدِّي مَعْنَى الْإِنْكَارِ إِلَى مَنْ عَقَلَ عَنْهُمْ، وَخَالَفَ هَوَاهُ","vol":"9","page":43},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-866>تَمَامُ الْحَبْسِ بِالْكَلَامِ دُونَ الْقَبْضِ</span>\n١٢٢٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «لَمَّا سَأَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ مَالِهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحْبِسَ أَصْلَ مَالِهِ، وَيُسَبِّلَ ثَمَرَهُ، دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى إِجَازَةِ الْحَبْسِ، وَعَلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَلِي حَبْسَ صَدَقَتِهِ وَيُسَبِّلُ ثَمَرَهَا بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَا يَلِيهَا غَيْرُهُ».\n\n١٢٢٩٩ - قَالَ: وَيَحْتَمِلُ قَوْلُهُ: حَبِّسْ أَصْلَهَا، وَسَبِّلْ ثَمَرَهَا، اشْتَرَطَ ذَلِكَ، وَالْمَعْنَى الْأَوَّلُ أَظْهَرُهُمَا، وَعَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ دَلَالَةٌ أُخْرَى، وَهِيَ إِنْ كَانَ عُمَرُ لَا يَعْرِفُ وَجْهَ الْحَبْسِ، أَفَيُعَلِّمُهُ حَبْسَ الْأَصْلِ وَيُسَبِّلُ الثَّمَرَ، وَيَدَعُ أَنْ يُعَلِّمَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهَا مِنْ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى مَنْ يَلِيهَا عَلَيْهِ وَلِمَنْ حَبَسَهَا عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ لَا تَتِمُّ إِلَّا بِذَلِكَ كَانَ هَذَا أَوْلَى أَنْ يُعَلِّمَهُ إِيَّاهُ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِهِ.\n\n١٢٣٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَزَلْ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ الْمُتَصَدِّقُ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَلِي فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا صَدَقَتَهُ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَلِي صَدَقَتَهُ يَتَّبِعُ حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللَّهَ، وَلَمْ تَزَلْ فَاطِمَةُ تَلِي صَدَقَتَهَا حَتَّى لَقِيتِ اللَّهَ.\n\n١٢٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ وَلَدِ عَلِيٍّ وَفَاطِمَةَ، وَعُمَرَ ﵃، وَمَوَالِيهِمْ.\n\n١٢٣٠٢ - وَلَقَدْ حَفِظْنَا الصَّدَقَاتِ عَنْ عَدَدٍ كَبِيرٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ، لَقَدْ حَكَى لِي عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَوْلَادِهِمْ، وَأَهْلِيهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَزَالُوا يَلُونَ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ حَتَّى مَاتُوا، يَنْقُلُ ذَلِكَ الْعَامَّةُ مِنْهُمْ، عَنِ الْعَامَّةِ، لَا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ ⦗٤٦⦘.\n\n١٢٣٠٣ - وَإِنَّ أَكْثَرَ مَا عِنْدَنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَمَكَّةَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَاتِ لَكَمَا وَصَفْتُ لَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنَ السَّلَفِ يَلُونَهَا حَتَّى مَاتُوا، وَإِنَّ نَقْلَ الْحَدِيثِ فِيهَا كَالتَّكَلُّفِ، وَإِنْ كُنَّا قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا بَعْضَهُ. ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهَا، وَجَعَلَهَا شَبِيهَةً بِالْعِتْقِ.\n\n١٢٣٠٤ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ فِي صَدَقَةِ فَاطِمَةَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، فَهُوَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي آخِرِ كِتَابِ الْعَطَايَا","vol":"9","page":45},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-867>رُجُوعُ الْمُتَصَدِّقِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ غَيْرِ الْمُحَرَّمَةِ قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ وَرُجُوعُهَا إِلَيْهِ بِالْمِيرَاثِ، وَغَيْرِهِ بَعْدَ الْقَبْضِ</span>","vol":"9","page":47},{"text":"١٢٣٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ،. . . . انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ\n\n١٢٣٠٦ - وَتَمَامُهُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنَيْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ حَائِطِي هَذَا صَدَقَةٌ، وَهُوَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَجَاءَ أَبَوَاهُ فَقَالَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَانَ قِوَامَ عَيْشِنَا، فَرَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَيْهِمَا، ثُمَّ مَاتَا فَوَرِثَهُ ابْنُهُمَا بَعْدَهُمَا \".\n\n١٢٣٠٧ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَكَأَنَّهُ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ صَدَقَةَ تَطَوُّعٍ غَيْرَ مُحَرَّمَةٍ، وَجَعَلَ مَصْرِفَهُ حَيْثُ يَرَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَأَى أَنْ يَضَعَهُ فِي أَبَوَيْهِ، ثُمَّ مَاتَا فَوَرِثَهُ ابْنُهُمَا بَعْدَهُمَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":47},{"text":"١٢٣٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، أَوْ سَمِعْتُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَوْ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ الْمَدَنِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي تَصَدَّقْتُ عَلَى أُمِّي بِعَبْدٍ، وَإِنَّهَا مَاتَتْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قَدْ وَجَبَتْ صَدَقَتُكَ، وَهِيَ لَكَ بِمِيرَاثِكَ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ.\n\n١٢٣٠٩ - وَالدِّلَالَةُ عَلَى رُجُوعِهِ فِيهَا قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ كَالدِّلَالَةِ عَلَى رُجُوعِ الْوَاهِبِ فِي هِبَتِهِ قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ، وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n١٢٣١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّهُ وَقَفَ دَارًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَكَانَ إِذَا حَجَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَنَزَلَ دَارَهُ.\n\n١٢٣١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَنَسٌ تَصَدَّقَ بِدَارِهِ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ، وَعُمِّرَ، قَالَ: حَتَّى بَلَغَ وَلَدَهُ وَوَلَدَ وَلَدِهِ، فَقَدْ يَجُوزُ إِذَا كَانَ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ فَصَارَ يَمْلِكُ سُكْنَى دَارِهِ: أَنْزَلَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ كَمَا يُنْزِلُ غَيْرَهُ\n\n١٢٣١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَسَائِلِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَحْبِسُ دَارَهُ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ، وَيَسْتَثْنِي مِنْهَا لِنَفْسِهِ بَيْتًا لِسَكَنِهِ مَا عَاشَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يُنْكِرْهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ⦗٤٩⦘.\n\n١٢٣١٣ - وَفِيمَا رَوَى ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنَ عُمَرَ حَبَسَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا دَارَهُ، وَكَانَ يَسْكُنُ مَسْكَنًا مِنْهَا","vol":"9","page":48},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-868>بَابُ الْهِبَةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":50},{"text":"١٢٣١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي النَّحْلِ وَالْهِبَةِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ غَيْرِ الْمُحَرَّمَةِ، وَغَيْرِ الْمُسَبَّلَةِ: \" فَهَذَهِ الْعَطِيَّةُ تَتِمُّ بِأَمْرَيْنِ: إِشْهَادِ مَنْ أَعْطَاهَا، وَقَبْضِهَا بِأَمْرِ مَنْ أَعْطَاهَا، أَوْ قَبْضِ غَيْرِهِ لَهُ مِمَّنْ قَبْضُهُ لَهُ قَبْضٌ \".\n\n١٢٣١٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فِي عَائِشَةَ، وَبِحَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ","vol":"9","page":50},{"text":"١٢٣١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: \" إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ نَحَلَهَا جَادَّ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ مَالِهِ بِالْغَابَةِ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ يَا بُنَيَّةُ مَا مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ غِنًى بَعْدِي مِنْكِ، وَلَا أَعَزُّ عَلَيَّ فَقْرًا بَعْدِي مِنْكِ، وَإِنِّي وَإِنْ كُنْتُ ⦗٥١⦘ نَحَلْتُكِ جَادَّ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا، فَلَوْ كُنْتِ جَدَدْتِيهِ، وَاحْتَزْتِيهِ كَانَ لَكِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الْيَوْمَ مَالُ وَارِثٍ، وَإِنَّمَا هُمَا أَخَوَاكِ وَأُخْتَاكِ، فَاقْسِمُوهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿: فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: وَاللَّهِ يَا أَبَتِ لَوْ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا لَتَرَكْتُهُ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَسْمَاءُ فَمَنِ الْأُخْرَى؟ قَالَ: ذُو بَطْنٍ بِنْتُ خَارِجَةَ، أُرَاهَا جَارِيَةً \"","vol":"9","page":50},{"text":"١٢٣١٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِّيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: \" مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَنْحَلُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ نُحْلًا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُونَهَا، فَإِنْ مَاتَ ابْنُ أَحَدِهِمْ قَالَ: مَالِي بِيَدِي لَمْ أُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا، وَإِنْ مَاتَ هُوَ قَالَ: هُوَ لِابْنِي، قَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْطَيْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ، مَنْ نَحَلَ نُحْلَةً لَمْ يَحُزْهَا الَّذِي نُحِلَهَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ إِنْ مَاتَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ فَهِيَ بَاطِلٌ \"","vol":"9","page":51},{"text":"١٢٣١٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ قَالَ:  «مَنْ نَحَلَ وَلَدًا لَهُ صَغِيرًا لَمْ يَبْلُغْ أَنْ يَحُوزَ نَحْلَهُ، فَأَعْلَنَ بِهَا وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهَا، فَهِيَ جَائِزَةٌ، وَإِنْ وَلِيَهَا أَبُوهُ»","vol":"9","page":51},{"text":"١٢٣١٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَسَدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِّيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: «لَا نِحْلَةَ إِلَّا نِحْلَةً يَحُوزُهَا الْوَلَدُ دُونَ الْوَالِدِ، فَإِنْ مَاتَ وَرِثَهُ» ⦗٥٢⦘.\n\n١٢٣٢٠ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: فَشُكِيَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فَرَأَى أَنَّ الْوَالِدَ يَحُوزُ لِوَلَدِهِ إِذَا كَانُوا صِغَارًا.\n\n١٢٣٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِيمَا حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «لَا تَجُوزُ الصَّدَقَةُ إِلَّا مَقْبُوضَةً»\n\n١٢٣٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٢٣٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُعَاذٍ وَشُرَيْحٍ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا لَا يُجِيزَانِهَا إِلَّا مَقْبُوضَةً","vol":"9","page":51},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-869>بَابُ الْعُمْرَى وَالرُّقْبَى</span>","vol":"9","page":53},{"text":"١٢٣٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَعْمَرَ عُمْرَى لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ، فَإِنَّهَا لِلَّذِي يُعْطَاهَا، لَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَى الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَعْطَى عَطَاءً تَقَعُ فِيهِ الْمَوَارِيثُ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"9","page":53},{"text":"١٢٣٢٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ⦗٥٤⦘، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا تَكُونُ الْعُمْرَى حَتَّى يَقُولَ: لَكَ وَلِعَقِبِكَ، فَإِذَا قَالَ: هِيَ لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ، فَقَدْ قَطَعَ حَقَّهُ فِيهَا \"","vol":"9","page":53},{"text":"١٢٣٢٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِيمَنْ أُعْمِرَ عُمْرَى لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ، فَهِيَ لَهُ بَتْلَةً، لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمُعْطِي فِيهَا شَرْطٌ وَلَا ثُنْيَا \".\n\n١٢٣٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، زَادَ: قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ: لَا أُعْطِي عَطَاءً وَقَعَتْ فِيهِ الْمَوَارِيثُ، فَقَطَعَتِ الْمَوَارِيثُ شَرْطَهُ.\n\n١٢٣٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَمَعْمَرٌ، وَابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَعُقَيْلٌ، وَفُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى.\n\n١٢٣٢٩ - وَبَعْضُهُمْ جَعَلَ قَوْلَهُ: لِأَنَّهُ أَعْطَى عَطَاءً وَقَعَتْ فِيهِ الْمَوَارِيثُ، مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، مِنْهُمُ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا أَصْلًا، مِنْهُمُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ","vol":"9","page":54},{"text":"١٢٣٣٠ - وَخَالَفَهَمُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ فَرَوَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ⦗٥٥⦘، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أُعْمِرَ عُمْرَى فَهِيَ لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ يَرِثُهَا مَنْ يَرِثُهُ مِنْ عَقِبِهِ».\n\n١٢٣٣١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَعُرْوَةُ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٢٣٣٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ","vol":"9","page":54},{"text":"١٢٣٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي الْعُمْرَى أَنَّهَا لِمَنْ وُهِبَتْ لَهُ». وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ.\n\n١٢٣٣٤ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى ظَاهِرِ مَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَيَجْعَلُ الْعُمْرَى لِمَنْ أُعْمِرَهَا إِذَا أَعْمَرَهَا مَالِكُهَا الْمُعْمَرَ لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ.\n\n١٢٣٣٥ - وَيَحْتَجُّ بِقَوْلِهِ: \" لِأَنَّهُ أَعْطَى عَطَاءً وَقَعَتْ فِيهِ الْمَوَارِيثُ، فَإِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهَا بِسَبَبٍ، فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَاكَ السَّبَبُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِمَنْ أُعْمِرَهَا، وَلَا لِعَقِبِهِ.\n\n١٢٣٣٦ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الْقَدِيمِ: وَمَنْ أَعْطَى مَا يَمْلِكُهُ الْمُعْمِرُ وَحْدَهُ رَجَعَ عِنْدَنَا إِلَى مَنْ يُعْطِيهِ.\n\n١٢٣٣٧ - ثُمَّ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَفَ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا اللَّفْظَ لَيْسَ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، فَذَهَبَ فِيمَا نَرَى ⦗٥٦⦘.\n\n١٢٣٣٨ - وَدَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ رِوَايَةُ الْمُزَنِيِّ إِلَى جَوَازِ الْعُمْرَى لِمَنْ وُهِبَتْ لَهُ، وَأَنَّهَا تَكُونُ لَهُ حَيَاتَهُ وَلِوَرِيثِهِ إِذَا مَاتَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقُلْ: وَلِعَقِبِهِ إِذَا قَبَضَهَا الْمُعْمَرُ.\n\n١٢٣٣٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ طَارِقًا قَضَى بِالْمَدِينَةِ بِالْعُمْرَى، عَنْ قَوْلِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَقَالَ: قَضَى بِالْعُمْرَى لِلْوَارِثِ","vol":"9","page":55},{"text":"١٢٣٤٠ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «فِي امْرَأَةٍ أَعْمَرَتْ حَائِطًا لَهَا ابْنًا لَهَا، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ وَتُوُفِّيَتْ بَعْدَهُ، فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى طَارِقٍ فَدَعَا جَابِرًا، فَشَهِدَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْعُمْرَى لِصَاحِبِهَا»، فَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ طَارِقٌ، كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْحَائِطُ لِبَنِي الْمُعْمَرِ حَتَّى الْيَوْمِ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فَذَكَرَهُ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ","vol":"9","page":56},{"text":"١٢٣٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْنِي الْحَرْبِيَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗٥٧⦘، عَنْ جَابِرٍ يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَمْسِكُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ، لَا تُعْمِرُوهَا فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ أَعْمَرَ عُمْرَى فَهِيَ لِلَّذِي أُعْمِرَهَا حَيَاتَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ","vol":"9","page":56},{"text":"١٢٣٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، أَمْسِكُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ، وَلَا تُعْمِرُوهَا، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ أُعْمِرَ شَيْئًا حَيَاتَهُ فَهُوَ لَهُ حَيَاتَهُ وَبَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ»","vol":"9","page":57},{"text":"١٢٣٤٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْأَنْصَارِ: «أَمْسِكُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ، وَلَا تُعْمِرُوهَا شَيْئًا، فَإِنَّكُمْ مَنْ أَعْمَرْتُمُوهُ شَيْئًا فِي حَيَاتِهِ فَهُوَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ إِذَا مَاتَ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ","vol":"9","page":57},{"text":"١٢٣٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ⦗٥٨⦘، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تُعْمِرُوا، وَلَا تُرْقِبُوا، فَمَنْ أُعْمِرَ شَيْئًا أَوْ أُرْقِبَهُ فَهُوَ سَبِيلُ الْمِيرَاثِ»","vol":"9","page":57},{"text":"١٢٣٤٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْعُمْرَى جَائِزَةٌ».\n\n١٢٣٤٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «الْعُمْرَى مِيرَاثٌ لِأَهْلِهَا»","vol":"9","page":58},{"text":"وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَعْمَرَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لِمُعْمَرِهِ مَحْيَاهُ، وَمَمَاتَهُ، وَلَا تُرْقِبُوا، فَمَنْ أُرْقِبَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لِسَبِيلِهِ». وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةُ مَعْقِلٍ الْجَزْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ","vol":"9","page":58},{"text":"١٢٣٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ حُجْرٍ الْمَدَرِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَعَلَ الْعُمْرَى لِلْوَارِثِ»","vol":"9","page":58},{"text":"١٢٣٤٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَحُمَيْدٌ الْأَعْرَجُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي وَهَبْتُ لِابْنِي نَاقَةً حَيَاتَهُ، وَإِنَّهَا تَنَاتَجَتْ إِبِلًا، فَقَالَ ابْنُ ⦗٥٩⦘ عُمَرَ: «هِيَ لَهُ حَيَاتَهُ وَمَوْتَهُ»، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي تَصَدَّقْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِهَا فَقَالَ: «ذَاكَ أَبْعَدُ لَكَ مِنْهَا».\n\n١٢٣٤٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَضْنَتْ وَاضْطَرَبَتْ». قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ: صَوَابُهُ ضَنَتْ يَعْنِي تَنَاتَجَتْ","vol":"9","page":58},{"text":"١٢٣٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: \" حَضَرْتُ شُرَيْحًا قَضَى لِأَعْمَى بِالْعُمْرَى، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْأَعْمَى: يَا أَبَا أُمَيَّةَ، بِمَا قَضَيْتَ لِي؟ فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: لَسْتُ أَنَا قَضَيْتُ لَكَ، وَلَكِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ قَضَى لَكَ مُنْذُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ:  «مَنْ أُعْمِرَ شَيْئًا حَيَاتَهُ فَهُوَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ إِذَا مَاتَ»","vol":"9","page":59},{"text":"١٢٣٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نُخَالِفُ هَذَا، وَحَجَّتُنَا فِيهِ أَنَّ مَالِكًا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَكْحُولًا يَسْأَلُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْعُمْرَى، وَمَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ فِيهَا؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْقَاسِمُ: «مَا أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ عَلَى شُرُوطِهِمْ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَفِيمَا أَعْطَوْا».\n\n١٢٣٥٢ - فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا أَجَابَهُ الْقَاسِمُ فِي الْعُمْرَى بِشَيْءٍ، وَمَا أَخْبَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّ النَّاسَ عَلَى شُرُوطِهِمْ ⦗٦٠⦘.\n\n١٢٣٥٣ - قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ الْعُمْرَى مِنْ تِلْكَ الشُّرُوطِ الَّتِي أَدْرَكَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا.\n\n١٢٣٥٤ - وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ الْقَاسِمُ سَمِعَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَلَوْ سَمِعَهُ مَا خَالَفَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n١٢٣٥٥ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، بَعْدَمَا بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ: وَلَا يَشُكُّ عَالِمٌ أَنَّ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُقَالَ بِهِ مِمَّا قَالَهُ نَاسٌ بَعْدَهُ، قَدْ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونُوا سَمِعُوا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا بَلَغَهُمْ عَنْهُ شَيْءٌ، وَإِنَّهُمْ لِنَاسٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُمْ\n\n١٢٣٥٦ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: لَا يَقُولُ الْقَاسِمُ: قَالَ النَّاسُ، إِلَّا لِجَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَلِيدَةٌ لِقَوْمٍ، فَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهَا: شَأْنَكُمْ بِهَا، فَرَأَى النَّاسُ أَنَّهَا تَطْلِيقَةٌ.\n\n١٢٣٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَنْتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهَا ثَلَاثٌ، فَإِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ: تَتْرُكُونَ قَوْلَ الْقَاسِمِ وَالنَّاسِ: أَنَّهَا تَطْلِيقَةٌ؟ قُلْتُمْ: لَا نَدْرِي مَنِ النَّاسُ الَّذِينَ يَرْوِي هَذَا عَنْهُمُ الْقَاسِمُ، فَلَئِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَوْلُ الْقَاسِمِ: رَأَى النَّاسُ، حُجَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ فِي رَأْيِ أَنْفُسِكُمْ، فَهُوَ عَنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُجَّةً أَبْعَدُ","vol":"9","page":59},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-870>بَابُ عَطِيَّةِ الرَّجُلِ وَلَدَهُ</span>","vol":"9","page":61},{"text":"١٢٣٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ يُحَدِّثَانِهِ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، أَنَّ أَبَاهَ، أَتَى بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: \" إِنِّي نَحَلْتُ ابْنِي هَذَا غُلَامًا كَانَ لِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَكُلَّ وَلَدِكَ نَحَلْتَ مِثْلَ هَذَا؟» فَقَالَ: لَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَأَرْجِعْهُ». هَذَا حَدِيثُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٢٣٥٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا: سُفْيَانُ أَوْ مَالِكٌ، شَكَّ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ ⦗٦٢⦘: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا","vol":"9","page":61},{"text":"١٢٣٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ نَحَلَ ابْنًا لَهُ عَبْدًا، وَالصَّوَابُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ نَحَلَ ابْنًا لَهُ عَبْدَهُ، فَجَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِيُشْهِدَهُ، فَقَالَ: «كُلَّ وَلَدِكَ نَحَلْتَ مِثْلَ هَذَا؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَارْدُدْهُ»","vol":"9","page":62},{"text":"١٢٣٦١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، حَدَّثَاهُ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَبَاهُ أَتَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي نَحَلْتُ ابْنِي هَذَا غُلَامًا كَانَ لِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَحَلْتَ كُلَّ وَلَدِكَ مِثْلَ هَذَا؟» فَقَالَ: لَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَأَرْجِعْهُ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٦٣⦘. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ.\n\n١٢٣٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ فِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ يَسُرُّكَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا فِي الْبِرِّ إِلَيْكَ سَوَاءً؟» قَالَ: بَلَى قَالَ: «فَأَرْجِعْهُ».\n\n١٢٣٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ.\n\n١٢٣٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: حَدِيثُ النُّعْمَانِ حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ، وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أُمُورٍ مِنْهَا: حُسْنُ الْأَدَبِ فِي أَنْ لَا يُفَضِّلَ رَجُلٌ أَحَدًا مِنْ وَلَدِهِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي نُحْلٍ، فَيَعْرِضَ فِي قَلْبِ الْمُفَضَّلِ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ يَمْنَعُهُ مِنْ بِرِّهِ؛ لِأَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنْ قُلُوبِ الْآدَمَيِّينَ جُبِلَ عَلَى الْإِقْصَارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْبِرِّ إِذَا أُوثِرَ عَلَيْهِ.\n\n١٢٣٦٥ - وَدَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ نَحْلَ الْوَالِدِ بَعْضَ وَلَدِهِ، دُونَ بَعْضٍ جَائِزٌ، مِنْ قِبَلَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ لَا يَجُوزُ، كَانَ يُقَالُ: إِعْطَاؤُكَ إِيَّاهُ وَتَرْكُهُ سَوَاءٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ، وَهُوَ عَلَى أَصْلِ مِلْكِكَ الْأَوَّلِ أَشْبَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يُقَالَ: أَرْجِعْهُ، وَقَوْلُهُ ﷺ: «فَأَرْجِعْهُ». دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْوَالِدِ رَدَّ مَا أَعْطَى الْوَلَدَ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا يُحْرَجُ بِارْتِجَاعِهِ فِيهِ.\n\n١٢٣٦٦ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَشْهِدْ غَيْرِي»، وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ اخْتِيَارٌ","vol":"9","page":62},{"text":"١٢٣٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَرُوبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُشْهِدُ عَلَى نُحْلٍ نَحْلَهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَكُلَّ وَلَدِكَ نَحَلْتَ مِثْلَ مَا نَحَلْتَهُ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَأَشْهِدْ عَلَى هَذَا غَيْرِي، أَلَيْسَ يَسُرُّكَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا إِلَيْكَ فِي الْبِرِّ سَوَاءً؟» قَالَ: بَلَى قَالَ: «فَلَا إِذًا». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُثَنًّى. وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُغِيرَةُ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ.\n\n١٢٣٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَقَدْ فَضَّلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَائِشَةَ بِنُحْلٍ، وَفَضَّلَ عُمَرُ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عُمَرَ بِشَيْءٍ أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَفَضَّلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَلَدَ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ","vol":"9","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-871>الرُّجُوعُ فِي الْهِبَةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":65},{"text":"١٢٣٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ لِوَاهِبٍ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيمَا وَهَبَ إِلَّا الْوَالِدَ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ».\n\n١٢٣٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَلَوِ اتَّصَلَ حَدِيثُ طَاوُسٍ أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِوَاهِبٍ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيمَا وَهَبَ إِلَّا الْوَالِدَ فِيمَا وَهَبَ لِوَلَدِهِ لَزَعَمْتُ ⦗٦٦⦘ أَنَّ مَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً لِمَنْ يَسْتَثِيبُ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ أَوْ لَا يَسْتَثِيبُ، وَقُبِضَتِ الْهِبَةُ، لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْوَاهِبِ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي هِبَتِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُثِبْهُ الْمَوْهُوبُ لَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٢٣٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ قَطَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْقَوْلَ بِرُجُوعِ الْوَالِدِ فِيمَا وَهَبَ لِوَلَدِهِ بِحَدِيثِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، وَقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَأَرْجِعْهُ».\n\n١٢٣٧٢ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ هَاهُنَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي رُجُوعِ غَيْرِهِ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا يُرْوَى مَوْصُولًا مِنْ جِهَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَعَمْرٌو ثِقَةٌ","vol":"9","page":65},{"text":"١٢٣٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ عَطِيَّةً أَوْ يَهَبَ هِبَةً فَيَرْجِعَ فِيهَا، إِلَّا الْوَالِدَ فِيمَا يُعْطِي وَلَدَهُ، وَمَثَلُ الَّذِي يُعْطِي الْعَطِيَّةَ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا، كَمَثَلِ الْكَلْبِ يَأْكُلُ، فَإِذَا شَبِعَ قَاءَ ثُمَّ عَادَ فِي قَيْئِهِ».\n\n١٢٣٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ فِي اسْتِثْنَاءِ الْوَالِدِ يُؤَكِّدُهُ مُرْسَلُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَنَّاقٍ، وَالْحَدِيثُ الْمَوْصُولُ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، وَحَدِيثُهُ فِي الْمَنْعِ مِنْ رُجُوعِ غَيْرِهِ يُؤَكِّدُهُ رِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْعَائِدُ فِي هِبَتِهِ كَالْكَلْبِ يَعُودُ فِي قَيْئِهِ»","vol":"9","page":66},{"text":"١٢٣٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ، وَهَمَّامٌ، وَشُعْبَةُ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْعَائِدُ فِي هِبَتِهِ كَالْعَائِدِ فِي قَيْئِهِ». قَالَ هَمَّامٌ: قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: وَلَا نَعْلَمُ الْقَيْءَ إِلَّا حَرَامًا. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n١٢٣٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَوْلُهُ: «لَا يَحِلُّ»، يَقْطَعُ بِتَحْرِيمِ الرُّجُوعِ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ مِنَ اسْتَثْنَاهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، وَيَمْنَعُ مِنْ حَمْلِهِ عَلَى الْكَرَاهِيَةِ.\n\n١٢٣٧٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ: «لَا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِذِي مِرَّةٍ سَوِيٍّ». يَقْطَعُ بِتَحْرِيمِهَا عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَعْنَى الَّذِي لَوْ كَانَ بِخِلَافِهِ كَانَتْ تَحِلُّ لَهُ، فَيُشْبِهُ مَنْ يُسَوِّي الْأَخْبَارَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ هَذَا أَنَّهُ فِي حَمْلِهِ عَلَى الْكَرَاهِيَةِ تَصْحِيحُ مَذْهَبِهِ بِمَذْهَبِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ","vol":"9","page":67},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-872>مَنْ قَالَ: لَهُ الرُّجُوعُ إِذَا أَرَادَ بِهَا الثَّوَابَ</span>","vol":"9","page":68},{"text":"١٢٣٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي غَطَفَانَ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ الْمُرِّيِّ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ قَالَ: «مَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً لِصِلَةِ رَحِمٍ أَوْ عَلَى وَجْهِ صَدَقَةٍ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا، وَمَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً يَرَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ الثَّوَابَ، فَهُوَ عَلَى هِبَتِهِ يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا إِنْ لَمْ يُرْضَ مِنْهَا»","vol":"9","page":68},{"text":"١٢٣٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ: مَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ فَذَاكَ لَهُ، وَمَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً يُرِيدُ ثَوَابَهَا، فَإِنَّهُ يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا إِنْ لَمْ يُرْضَ مِنْهَا","vol":"9","page":68},{"text":"١٢٣٨٠ - وَغَلَطَ فِيهِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى فَرَوَاهُ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ ⦗٦٩⦘ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «مَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً، فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ مَا لَمْ يُثَبْ مِنْهَا». وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا","vol":"9","page":68},{"text":"١٢٣٨١ - وَقِيلَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «الْوَاهِبُ أَحَقُّ بِهِبَتِهِ مَا لَمْ يُثَبْ».\n\n١٢٣٨٢ - وَهَذَا الْمَتْنُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَلْيَقُ، فَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَلَا يَبْعُدُ مِنْهُ الْغَلَطُ.\n\n١٢٣٨٣ - وَالصَّحِيحُ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٢٣٨٤ - فَالْحَدِيثُ فِي هَذَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَى عُمَرَ ﵁","vol":"9","page":69},{"text":"١٢٣٨٥ - وَإِنَّمَا الرِّوَايَةُ فِي الثَّوَابِ عَلَى الْهِبَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ ⦗٧٠⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقْبَلُ الْهَدِيَّةَ وَيُثِيبُ عَلَيْهَا»","vol":"9","page":69},{"text":"١٢٣٨٦ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَهْدَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقْحَةً فَأَثَابَهُ مِنْهَا بِسِتِّ بَكَرَاتٍ، فَسَخِطَهَا الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ:  «لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ لَا أَقْبَلَ هَدِيَّةً إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنْ قُرَشِيٍّ، أَوْ أَنْصَارِيٍّ، أَوْ ثَقَفِيٍّ، أَوْ دَوْسِيٍّ»","vol":"9","page":70},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-873>صَدَقَةُ التَّطَوُّعِ عَلَى مَنْ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ الْوَاجِبَةُ</span>","vol":"9","page":71},{"text":"١٢٣٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَسَنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: «أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، تَصَدَّقَتْ بِمَالِهَا عَلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَأَنَّ عَلِيًّا تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَدْخَلَ مَعَهُمْ غَيْرَهُمْ».\n\n١٢٣٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ: وَأَخْرَجَ إِلَيَّ وَالِي الْمَدِينَةِ ⦗٧٢⦘ صَدَقَةَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ آلِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، وَأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيَّ، فَإِذَا فِيهَا: تُصُدِّقَ بِهَا عَلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَسَمَّى مَعَهُمْ غَيْرَهُمْ.\n\n١٢٣٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ، وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ عَلِيٌّ وَلَا فَاطِمَةُ مِنْهُمْ غَنِيًّا وَلَا فَقِيرًا، وَفِيهِمْ غَنِيٌّ","vol":"9","page":71},{"text":"١٢٣٩٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَشْرَبُ مِنْ سِقَايَاتٍ كَانَ يَضَعُهَا النَّاسُ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ، فَقُلْتُ، أَوْ قِيلَ لَهُ: فَقَالَ «إِنَّمَا حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْنَا الصَّدَقَةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ».\n\n١٢٣٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُعْطَى الْغَنِيُّ تَطَوُّعًا. أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ حُوَيْطِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: اسْتَعْمَلَنِي. . . فَانْقَطَعَ مَتْنُ الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٢٣٩٢ - وَهُوَ بِتَمَامِهِ مَوْصُولًا، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَلَمْ أَحْفَظْهُ، وَحَفِظَهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي السَّائِبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ حُوَيْطِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ السَّعْدِيِّ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الشَّامِ","vol":"9","page":72},{"text":"١٢٣٩٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ حَامِدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحِكَائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي السَّائِبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ حُوَيْطِبَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ السَّعْدِيِّ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: \" أَلَمْ أُحَدَّثْ أَنَّكَ تَلِي مِنْ أَعْمَالِ النَّاسِ أَعْمَالًا، فَإِذَا أُعْطِيتَ الْعُمَالَةَ كَرِهْتَهَا؟ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: فَمَا تُرِيدُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ لِي أَفْرَاسًا وَأَعْبُدًا، وَأَنَا بِخَيْرٍ وَأُرِيدُ أَنْ تَكُونَ عُمَالَتِي صَدَقَةً عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: فَلَا تَفْعَلْ، فَإِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ أَرَدْتُ ذَلِكَ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُعْطِينِي الْعَطَاءَ، فَأَقُولُ: أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي، حَتَّى أَعْطَانِي مَرَّةً مَالًا، فَقُلْتُ: أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خُذْهُ فَتَمَوَّلْهُ، أَوْ تَصَدَّقْ بِهِ، وَمَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرِفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخُذْهُ، وَمَا لَا، فَلَا تُتْبِعْهُ حِسَّكَ». لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبٍ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.\n\n١٢٣٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي صَدَقَةِ التَّطَوُّعِ: إِنَّهَا لَا تَحْرُمُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ لَا يَأْخُذُهَا، وَيَأَخُذُ الْهَدِيَّةَ، وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ تَرْكُهُ إِيَّاهَا عَلَى مَا رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَأَثَابَهُ تَحْرِيمًا ⦗٧٤⦘.\n\n١٢٣٩٥ - وَيَجُوزُ بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيْهِ يَدٌ؛ لِأَنَّ مَعْنَى الصَّدَقَاتِ مِنَ الْعَطَايَا، هِبَةٌ لَا يُرَادُ ثَوَابُهَا، وَمَعْنَى الْهَدِيَّةِ، يُرَادُ ثَوَابُهَا","vol":"9","page":73},{"text":"١٢٣٩٦ - وَاسْتُدِلَّ فِي قَبُولِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْهَدِيَّةَ، بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِيهِ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ فَقُرِّبَ إِلَيْهِ خُبْزٌ وَأُدْمٌ مِنْ أُدْمِ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَمْ أَرَ بُرْمَةَ لَحْمٍ؟» فَقُلْتُ: ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ تُصُدِّقَ بِهِ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ، فَقَالَ: «هُوَ لَهَا صَدَقَةٌ، وَهُوَ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"9","page":74},{"text":"١٢٣٩٧ - وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: \" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِطَعَامٍ سَأَلَ عَنْهُ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ: هَدِيَّةٌ، أَكَلَ مِنْهَا، وَإِنْ قِيلَ: صَدَقَةٌ، لَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنْهَا \"","vol":"9","page":74},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-874>بَابُ اللُّقَطَةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":75},{"text":"١٢٣٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الزَّاهِدُ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ مَوْلَى الْمُنْبَعِثِ ⦗٧٦⦘، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ، فَقَالَ: «اعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا، ثُمَّ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً، فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا، وَإِلَّا فَشَأْنَكَ بِهَا»","vol":"9","page":75},{"text":"١٢٣٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ مَوْلَى الْمُنْبَعِثِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ، فَقَالَ: «اعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا، وَوِكَاءَهَا، ثُمَّ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً، فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا، وَإِلَّا فَشَأْنَكَ بِهَا». فَقَالَ: فَضَالَّةُ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ: «لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ، أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ» قَالَ: فَضَالَّةُ الْإِبِلِ؟ قَالَ: «فَمَا لَكَ وَلَهَا؟ مَعَهَا سِقَاؤُهَا، وَحِذَاؤُهَا، تَرِدُ الْمَاءَ، وَتَأْكُلُ الشَّجَرَ، حَتَّى يَلْقَاهَا رَبُّهَا». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٢٤٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، مِنْهُمْ مَنْ ذَكَرَهُ هَكَذَا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَدَّمَ ⦗٧٧⦘ ذِكْرَ التَّعْرِيفِ عَلَى مَعْرِفَةِ وِكَائِهَا وَعِفَاصِهَا، مِنْهُمْ: سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ.\n\n١٢٤٠١ - وَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: «فَإِنْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ يُخْبِرُكَ بِهَا، وَإِلَّا فَاسْتَنْفِقْهَا».\n\n١٢٤٠٢ - وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: «ثُمَّ اسْتَنْفِقْ بِهَا، فَإِنْ جَاءَ رَبُّهَا فَأَدِّهَا إِلَيْهِ».\n\n١٢٤٠٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُمَا رَوَاهُ بُسْرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ كُلْهَا، فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا، فَارْدُدْهَا إِلَيْهِ»","vol":"9","page":76},{"text":"١٢٤٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي اللُّقَطَةِ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سَوَاءً: «يُعَرِّفُهَا سَنَةً، ثُمَّ يَأْكُلُهَا، مُوسِرًا كَانَ، أَوْ مُعْسِرًا إِنْ شَاءَ».\n\n١٢٤٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِلَّا أَنِّي لَا أَرَى أَنْ يَخْلِطَهَا بِمَالِهِ، وَلَا يَأْكُلَهَا، حَتَّى يُشْهِدَ عَلَى عَدَدِهَا، وَوَزْنِهَا، وَظَرْفِهَا، وَعِفَاصِهَا، وَوِكَائِهَا، فَمَتَى جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا عَرَّفَهَا لَهُ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ كَانَتْ دَيْنًا فِي مَالِهِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الشَّاةِ يَجِدُهَا بِالْمَهْلَكَةِ تَعْرِيفٌ، إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهَا، فَهِيَ لَهُ، وَمَتَى لَقِيَ صَاحِبَهَا عَرَّفَهَا لَهُ.\n\n١٢٤٠٦ - وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فِي ضَالَّةِ الْإِبِلِ، وَلَا الْبَقَرِ؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا تَدْفَعَانِ عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمَا، وَضَالَّةُ الْغَنَمِ وَالْمَالِ لَا تَدْفَعَانِ عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمَا.\n\n١٢٤٠٧ - وَأُلْحِقَ الْخَيْلُ وَالْبِغَالُ وَالْحَمِيرُ، وَالْبَقَرُ وَمَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ صِغَارِ السِّبَاعِ بِضَوَالِّ الْإِبِلِ","vol":"9","page":77},{"text":"١٢٤٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَأْكُلُ اللُّقَطَةَ الْغَنِيُّ وَالْفَقِيرُ، وَمَنْ تَحِلُّ لَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ، وَمَنْ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ، «وَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ، وَهُوَ أَيْسَرُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، أَوْ كَأَيْسَرِهِمْ، وَجَدَ صُرَّةً فِيهَا مِائَةٌ، أَوْ ثَمَانُونَ دِينَارًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَهَا».\n\n١٢٤٠٩ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِائَةً، أَوْ ثَمَانِينَ دِينَارًا، وَلَيْسَ فِيمَا زَعَمْتُمْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ مُوسِرًا مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَلَا يُعْطِيَ مُعْسِرًا عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا، فَكَأَنَّهُ يَشُكُّ فِي مِائَةٍ، أَوْ ثَمَانِينَ، وَالصَّحِيحُ مِائَةٌ","vol":"9","page":78},{"text":"١٢٤١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ كُهَيْلِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُوَيْدَ بْنَ غَفَلَةَ، يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ فِي غَزْوَةٍ، فَوَجَدْتُ سَوْطًا، فَأَخَذْتُهُ، فَقَالَ لِي زَيْدُ بْنُ صُوحَانَ، وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ: اطْرَحْهُ، فَأَبَيْتُ عَلَيْهِمَا قَالَ: فَقَضَيْنَا غَزَاتَنَا ثُمَّ حَجَجْتُ فَمَرَرْتُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَقِيتُ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لِي: إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ صُرَّةً عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فِيهَا مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ، فَأَتَيْتُ بِهَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لِي: «عَرِّفْهَا حَوْلًا». فَعَرَّفْتُهَا حَوْلًا، فَلَمْ أَجِدْ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهَا، فَعُدْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَقَالَ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ: «احْفَظْ عِدَّتَهَا، وَوِعَاءَهَا، وَوِكَاءَهَا، فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا، وَإِلَّا فَاسْتَمْتِعْ بِهَا». قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: لَا أَدْرِي أَقَالَ: ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ عَرِّفْهَا، أَوْ قَالَ: حَوْلًا. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بَهْزِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ⦗٧٩⦘\n\n١٢٤١١ - قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: فَسَمِعْتُهُ بَعْدَ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ يَقُولُ: عَرِّفْهَا عَامًا وَاحِدًا","vol":"9","page":78},{"text":"١٢٤١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، أَنَّ أَبَاهَ أَخْبَرَهُ: \" أَنَّهُ نَزَلَ مَنْزِلَ قَوْمٍ بِطَرِيقِ الشَّامِ، فَوَجَدَ صُرَّةً فِيهَا ثَمَانُونَ دِينَارًا، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «عَرِّفْهَا عَلَى أَبْوَابِ الْمَسَاجِدِ، واذْكُرْهَا لِمَنْ قَدِمَ مِنَ الشَّامِ سَنَةً، فَإِذَا مَضَتْ سَنَةٌ فَشَأْنَكَ بِهَا». هَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ","vol":"9","page":79},{"text":"١٢٤١٣ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مَرْفُوعًا فِي قِصَّةٍ أُخْرَى، وَهِيَ: أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَجَدَ عَبِيَةً، فَأَتَى بِهَا عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: «عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً، فَإِنْ عُرِفَتْ، وَإِلَّا فَهِيَ لَكَ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ»","vol":"9","page":79},{"text":"١٢٤١٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ «أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ دِينَارًا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعَرِّفَهُ، فَلَمْ يُعْتَرَفْ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهُ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَغْرَمَهُ» ⦗٨٠⦘.\n\n١٢٤١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مِمَّنْ تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَقَةُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ صَلِيبَةِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ.\n\n١٢٤١٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْإِذْنَ بِأَكْلِ اللُّقَطَةِ بَعْدَ تَعْرِيفِهَا سَنَةً: عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَعِيَاضُ بْنُ حِمَارٍ الْمُجَاشِعِيُّ.\n\n١٢٤١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، فَقَدْ مَضَى، وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَكَانَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ كُهَيْلٍ يَشُكُّ فِي مُدَّةِ التَّعْرِيفِ فِي حَدِيثِ أُبَيٍّ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ عَلَى عَامٍ وَاحِدٍ.\n\n١٢٤١٨ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعَرِّفَهُ، فَلَمْ يُعْتَرَفْ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ.\n\n١٢٤١٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَسَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ فِي الْوَقْتِ اشْتَرَى بِهِ طَعَامًا، ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتْ تَنْشُدُ الدِّينَارَ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَهْلٍ: إِذَا غُلَامٌ يَنْشُدُهُ، فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَدَائِهِ.\n\n١٢٤٢٠ - وَالْأَحَادِيثُ فِي اشْتِرَاطِ الْمُدَّةِ فِي التَّعْرِيفِ أَكْثَرُ، وَأَصَحُّ إِسْنَادًا مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ.\n\n١٢٤٢١ - وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَنْفَقَهُ قَبْلَ مُضِيِّ مُدَّةِ التَّعْرِيفِ لِلضَّرُورَةِ، وَفِي حَدِيثِهِمَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":79},{"text":"١٢٤٢٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ⦗٨١⦘، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ تَرَى فِيمَا يُوجَدُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ الْمِيتَاءِ، أَوِ الْقَرْيَةِ الْمَسْكُونَةِ؟ قَالَ: «عَرِّفْ سَنَةً، فَإِنْ جَاءَ نَاعِتُهُ، فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِلَّا فَشَأْنَكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ طَالِبُهُ يَوْمًا مِنَ الدَّهْرِ فَأَدِّهِ إِلَيْهِ»","vol":"9","page":80},{"text":"١٢٤٢٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَحْمَوَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ أَبَا الْعَلَاءِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنِ الْتَقَطَ لُقَطَةً، فَلْيُشْهِدْ ذَا عَدْلٍ أَوْ ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ، وَلْيُعَرِّفْهُ، وَلَا يَكْتُمْ، وَلَا يُغَيِّبْ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا، وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ مَالُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ»","vol":"9","page":81},{"text":"١٢٤٢٤ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ⦗٨٢⦘ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدِيثَانِ حُدِّثْتُهُمَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنِّي قَدْ صَدَّقْتُهُمَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَا أَدْرِي أَيُّهُمَا قَبْلَ الْآخَرِ.\n\n١٢٤٢٥ - قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الْجَارُودِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَسْفُرٍ، وَفِي الظَّهْرِ قِلَّةٌ، فَتَذَاكَرُوا الظَّهْرَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي أَدْرِي مَا يَكْفِيكُمْ مِنَ الظَّهْرِ قَالَ: «مَا يَكْفِينَا؟» قَالَ الْجَارُودُ: نَمُرُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ فِي الْجُرْفِ، فَنَسْتَمْتِعُ بِظُهُورِهِنَّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا، ضَالَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِ حَرْقُ النَّارِ، فَلَا تَقْرَبَنَّهَا» قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثًا \"","vol":"9","page":81},{"text":"١٢٤٢٦ - قَالَ مُطَرِّفٌ: وَحُدِّثْتُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي اللُّقَطَةِ، أَوِ الضَّالَّةِ، شَكَّ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ قَالَ: «أَنْشِدْهَا وَعَرِّفْهَا، وَلَا تَكْتُمْ، وَلَا تُغَيِّبْ، فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ صَاحِبَهَا فَأَدِّهَا، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّهُ مَالُ اللَّهِ يُعْطِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ».\n\n١٢٤٢٧ - ظَنَّ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا نَاسِخٌ لِلْآخَرِ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَيُّهُمَا قَبْلَ الْآخَرِ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِمَا نَاسِخٌ، وَلَا مَنْسُوخٌ، وَلَكِنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الضَّالَّةِ وَاللُّقَطَةِ لِافْتِرَاقِ مَعْنَاهُمَا، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"9","page":82},{"text":"١٢٤٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ هُزَيْلًا، يَقُولُ: \" رَأَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ بِصُرَّةٍ مَخْتُومَةٍ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَرَّفْتُهَا، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهَا، قَالَ: «اسْتَمْتِعْ بِهَا».\n\n١٢٤٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُنَا، إِذَا عَرَّفَهَا سَنَةً، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهَا، فَلَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَمْتِعَ بِهَا، وَهَكَذَا السُّنَّةُ الثَّابِتَةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَدْ خَالَفُوا هَذَا كُلَّهُ، وَرَوَوْا حَدِيثًا، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً، فَذَهَبَ ⦗٨٣⦘ صَاحِبُهَا، فَتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا، وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ عَنْ صَاحِبِهَا، فَإِنْ كَرِهَ فَلِي، وَعَلَيَّ الْغُرْمُ.\n\n١٢٤٣٠ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَكَذَا نَفْعَلُ بِاللُّقَطَةِ.\n\n١٢٤٣١ - فَخَالَفُوا السُّنَّةَ فِي اللُّقَطَةِ، وَخَالَفُوا حَدِيثَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الَّذِي يُوَافِقُ السُّنَّةَ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَهُمْ ثَابِتٌ، وَاحْتَجُّوا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي عَنْ عَامِرٍ، وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ فِيمَا هُوَ فِيهِ بِعَيْنِهِ.\n\n١٢٤٣٢ - يَقُولُونَ: إِنْ ذَهَبَ الْبَائِعُ فَلَيْسَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَحْبِسُهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ صَاحِبُهَا مَتَى جَاءَ","vol":"9","page":82},{"text":"١٢٤٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ لُقَطَةً، فَجَاءَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ لُقَطَةً فَمَاذَا تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «عَرِّفْهَا» قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ قَالَ: «زِدْ» قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ قَالَ: «لَا آمُرُكَ أَنْ تَأْكُلَهَا، وَلَوْ شِئْتَ لَمْ تَأْخُذْهَا».\n\n١٢٤٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: ابْنُ عُمَرَ لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ سَمِعَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي اللُّقَطَةِ، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ انْبَغَى أَنْ يَقُولَ: لَا يَأْكُلُهَا كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٢٤٣٥ - قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ قَالَ بِظَاهِرِ الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ: عُمَرُ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَائِشَةُ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ","vol":"9","page":83},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-875>الضَّالَّةُ</span>","vol":"9","page":84},{"text":"١٢٤٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْجَارُودِ الْعَبْدِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا نَمُرُّ بِالْجُرُفِ فَنَجِدُ إِبِلًا، فَنَرْكَبُهَا، فَقَالَ:  «ضَالَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِ حَرْقُ النَّارِ» ⦗٨٥⦘.\n\n١٢٤٣٧ - وَقَدْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"9","page":84},{"text":"١٢٤٣٨ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَأْوِي الضَّالَّةَ إِلَّا ضَالٌّ».\n\n١٢٤٣٩ - وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ، إِذَا أَرَادَ الِانْتِفَاعَ بِهَا، فَأَمَّا إِذَا أَرَادَ رَدَّهَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا","vol":"9","page":85},{"text":"فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «إِذَا وَجَدَ الرَّجُلُ بَعِيرًا، وَأَرَادَ رَدَّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَخْذِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا يَأْخُذُهُ لِيَأْكُلَهُ، فَلَا وَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ»","vol":"9","page":85},{"text":"١٢٤٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَنْ آوَى ضَالَّةً فَهُوَ ضَالٌّ مَا لَمْ يُعَرِّفْهَا».\n\n١٢٤٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَإِنْ كَانَ لِلسُّلْطَانِ حِمًى، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الضَّوَالِّ مُؤْنَةٌ تَلْزَمُهُ فِي رِقَابِ الضَّوَالِّ، صَنَعَ كَمَا صَنَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، تَرَكَهَا فِي الْحِمَى حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ صَاحِبُهَا، وَمَا تَنَاتَجَتْ فَهُوَ لِمَالِكِهَا.\n\n١٢٤٤٢ - وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلسُّلْطَانِ حِمًى، وَكَانَ يَسْتَأْجِرُ عَلَيْهَا، وَكَانَتِ الْأُجْرَةُ تَعَلَّقُ فِي رِقَابِهَا غُرْمًا، رَأَيْتُ أَنْ يَصْنَعَ كَمَا صَنَعَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، إِلَّا فِي كُلِّ مَا عُرِفَ أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ قَرِيبٌ فَيَحْبِسُهُ الْيَوْمَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ، وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":85},{"text":"١٢٤٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرٌو السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٨٦⦘ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، يَقُولُ:  «كَانَتْ ضَوَالُّ الْإِبِلِ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ إِبِلًا مُؤَبَّلَةً تَنَاتَجُ، لَا يَمَسُّهَا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ زَمَانُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَمَرَ بِمَعْرِفَتِهَا، وَتَعْرِيفِهَا، ثُمَّ تُبَاعُ، فَإِذَا جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا، أُعْطِيَ ثَمَنَهَا»","vol":"9","page":85},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-876>إِذَا جَاءَ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ اللُّقَطَةَ</span>","vol":"9","page":87},{"text":"١٢٤٤٤ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَرَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ مَوْلَى الْمُنْبَعِثِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ اللُّقَطَةِ: «فَإِنْ جَاءَ بَاغِيهَا، فَعَرَفَ عِفَاصَهَا، وَعَدَدَهَا، فَادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْهِ».\n\n١٢٤٤٥ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٤٤٦ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٤٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ الَّتِي زَادَهَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، يَعْنِي فِي هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ لَيْسَتْ بِالْمَحْفُوظَةِ.\n\n١٢٤٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ مَعْنَاهَا فِي حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، وَفِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ غَيْرَ مَحْفُوظَةٍ كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ","vol":"9","page":87},{"text":"١٢٤٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" أُفْتِي الْمُلْتَقِطَ إِذَا عَرَفَ الْعِفَاصَ، وَالْوِكَاءَ، وَالْعَدَدَ، وَالْوَزْنَ، وَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَدَّعِ بَاطِلًا أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ، وَلَا أُجْبِرُهُ فِي الْحُكْمِ إِلَّا بِبَيِّنَةٍ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا كَمَا تَقُومُ عَلَى الْحُقُوقِ، وَإِنَّمَا قَوْلُهُ ﷺ: «اعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا» ⦗٨٨⦘، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا مَعَ مَا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا، وَلِيَعْلَمَ إِذَا وَضَعَهَا فِي مَالِهِ أَنَّهَا اللُّقَطَةُ دُونَ مَالِهِ \".\n\n١٢٤٥٠ - وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى صَدْقِ الْمُعْتَرِفِ، وَهَذَا الْأَظْهَرُ، ثُمَّ اعْتَذَرَ فِي تَرْكِ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدْ قَالَ: «الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي»، وَهَذَا مُدَّعٍ، وَقَدْ يَدَّعِيهَا عَشْرَةٌ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ، وَيَصِفُهَا كُلُّهُمْ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ.\n\n١٢٤٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ مَكَّةَ: «وَلَا يَلْتَقِطُ سَاقِطَتَهَا إِلَّا مُنْشِدٌ».\n\n١٢٤٥٢ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَلَا تَحِلُّ لُقَطَتُهَا إِلَّا لِمُنْشِدٍ».\n\n١٢٤٥٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «وَلَا يَلْتَقِطُ لُقَطَتَهُ يَعْنِي لُقَطَةَ الْحَرَمِ إِلَّا مَنْ عَرَّفَهَا».\n\n١٢٤٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَيْسَ لِلْحَدِيثِ عِنْدِي وَجْهٌ إِلَّا مَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ: أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِوَاجِدِهَا مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا الْإِنْشَادُ أَبَدًا، وَإِلَّا فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا.","vol":"9","page":87},{"text":"١٢٤٥٥ - وَفِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى: حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ لُقَطَةِ الْحَاجِّ».\n\n١٢٤٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي جُعْلِ الْآبِقِ شَيْءٌ","vol":"9","page":88},{"text":"إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنِ ⦗٨٩⦘ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَا:  «جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْآبِقِ يُوجَدُ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْحَرَمِ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ».\n\n١٢٤٥٧ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَمَنْ أَسْنَدَهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n١٢٤٥٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي جُعْلِ الْآبِقِ دِينَارٌ، قَرِيبًا أُخِذَ أَوْ بَعِيدًا.\n\n١٢٤٥٩ - وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، وَلَيْسَ بِحُجَّةٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْحَارِثُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ","vol":"9","page":88},{"text":"١٢٤٦٠ - وَأَمْثَلُ شَيْءٍ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ قَالَ: \" أَصَبْتُ غِلْمَانًا أَبَّاقًا بِالْعَيْنِ، فَأَتَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: الْأَجْرُ وَالْغَنِيمَةُ \"، قُلْتُ: هَذَا الْأَجْرُ، فَمَا الْغَنِيمَةُ؟ قَالَ: «أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا مِنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ».\n\n١٢٤٦١ - وَهَذِهِ حِكَايَةُ حَالٍ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ عَرَفَ شَرْطَ مَالِكِهِمْ، جُعِلَ لِمَنْ رَدَّهُمْ، فَحَكَاهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":89},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-877>الْتِقَاطُ الْمَنْبُوذِ</span>","vol":"9","page":90},{"text":"١٢٤٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سُنَيْنٍ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ مَنْبُوذًا فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَجَاءَ بِهِ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَخْذِ هَذِهِ النَّسَمَةِ؟» قَالَ: وَجَدْتُهَا ضَائِعَةً، فَأَخَذْتُهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَرِيفِيٌّ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ قَالَ: «كَذَاكَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ عُمَرُ: «اذْهَبْ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ، وَلَكَ وَلَاؤُهُ، وَعَلَيْنَا نَفَقَتُهُ» ⦗٩١⦘.\n\n١٢٤٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ: «وَنَفَقَتُهُ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ»، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ وَلَكَ وَلَاؤُهُ، أَيْ نُصْرَتُهُ وَالْقِيَامُ بِحِفْظِهِ","vol":"9","page":90},{"text":"فَأَمَّا الْوَلَاءُ الْمَعْرُوفُ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ لِلْمُعْتِقِ، لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ».\n\n١٢٤٦٤ - وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: أَبُو جَمِيلَةَ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ لَا يَقُومُ بِحَدِيثِهِ الْحُجَّةُ.\n\n١٢٤٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا فِي كِتَابِ الْوَلَاءِ: فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ كَانَ مَعْنَاهُ مَا قُلْنَاهُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":91},{"text":"١٢٤٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَئِنْ أَصَابَ النَّاسَ سَنَةٌ لَأُنْفِقَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى لَا أَجِدَ دِرْهَمًا، فَإِذَا لَمْ أَجِدْ دِرْهَمًا، أَلْزَمْتُ كُلَّ رَجُلٍ رَجُلًا»","vol":"9","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-878>حُكْمُ الطِّفْلِ مَعَ أَبَوَيْهِ فِي الدِّينِ</span>","vol":"9","page":92},{"text":"١٢٤٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ مَوْلُودٍ يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ، فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ، كَمَا تُنْتِجُ الْإِبِلُ بَهِيمَةً جَدْعَاءَ جَمْعَاءَ، هَلْ تُحِسُّ مِنْ جَدْعَاءَ؟» قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَفَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ يَمُوتُ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ؟ قَالَ: «اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ» ⦗٩٣⦘.\n\n١٢٤٦٨ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"9","page":92},{"text":"وَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سَرِيعٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «كُلُّ مَوْلُودٍ يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ حَتَّى يُعْرِبَ عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ، فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ».\n\n١٢٤٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمِصْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، يَذْكُرُهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٢٤٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «كُلُّ مَوْلُودٍ يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ». هِيَ الْفِطْرَةُ الَّتِي فَطَرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا الْخَلْقَ، فَجَعَلَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لَمْ يُفْصِحُوا بِالْقَوْلِ فَيَخْتَارُوا أَحَدَ الْقَوْلَيْنِ، الْإِيمَانَ، أَوِ الْكُفْرَ، لَا حُكْمَ لَهُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ، إِنَّمَا الْحُكْمُ لَهُمْ بِآبَائِهِمْ.\n\n١٢٤٧١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ حَكَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَيُّ الْأَبَوَيْنِ أَسْلَمَ فَالْوَلَدُ تَبَعٌ لَهُ، وَاخْتَارَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٢٤٧٢ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ فِي الْحَالِ الَّتِي لَمْ يَبْلُغْ فِيهَا، وَالْبُلُوغُ هُوَ الِاحْتِلَامُ أَوِ الْإِنْبَاتُ أَوْ مُرُورُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، فَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُسْتَقِلٍّ عَنْ حُكْمِ أَبَوَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ حُكْمَ الْأَطْفَالِ حُكْمَ الْآبَاءِ حَتَّى يُعْرِبَ عَنْهَا اللِّسَانُ، وَإِعْرَابُ اللِّسَانِ عَنْهَا هُوَ أَنْ يَعْقِلَ بِشَيْءٍ بِالِاخْتِيَارِ وَالتَّمْيِيزِ، وَذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا مِنَ الْبَالِغِ، وَلَا بُلُوغَ إِلَّا بِالَّذِي وَصَفْنَاهُ","vol":"9","page":93},{"text":"١٢٤٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ - يَحْتَلِمَ - «. . .» الْخَبَرَ ⦗٩٤⦘.\n\n١٢٤٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنِ احْتَجَّ مُحْتَجٌّ بِأَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَسْلَمَ وَهُوَ فِي حَدِّ مَنْ يَبْلُغُ، فَعُدَّ ذَلِكَ إِسْلَامًا.\n\n١٢٤٧٥ - وَقِيلَ: كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: إِنَّمَا قَالَ النَّاسُ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ صَلَّى عَلِيٌّ، بِذَلِكَ جَاءَ الْخَبَرُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"9","page":93},{"text":"١٢٤٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ:  «أَوَّلُ مَنْ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ»\n\n١٢٤٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالصَّلَاةُ قَدْ تَكُونُ مِنَ الصَّغِيرِ، وَالْحَجُّ، وَقَدْ أَشْرَفَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِصَبِيٍّ مِنْ هَوْدَجٍ، فَقَالَتْ: أَلِهَذَا حَجٌّ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَلَكِ أَجْرٌ».\n\n١٢٤٧٨ - وَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا الصَّغِيرَ يَرَى الصَّلَاةَ، فَيُصَلِّي وَهُوَ غَيْرُ عَالِمٍ بِأَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ عَارِفٍ بِالْإِيمَانِ، فَعَلَى ذَلِكَ كَانَ أَمْرُ عَلِيٍّ ﵁، كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ صَلَّى، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَخَدِيجَةَ يُصَلِّيَانِ، فَفَعَلَ فَعْلَهُمَا كَمَا يَرَى الصَّبِيُّ أَبَوَيْهِ يُصَلِّيَانِ فَيُصَلِّي بِصَلَاتِهِمَا، وَلَيْسَ مِمَّنْ يَعْقِلُ تَكْلِيفَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَلَا الْإِيمَانَ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَكَمَ لِعَلِيٍّ بِخِلَافِ حُكْمِ أَبَوَيْهِ قَبْلَ بُلُوغِهِ.\n\n١٢٤٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ وَهُوَ لَيْسَ يَجُوزُ أَنَّ يَبْلُغَ فِيهِ بِالِاحْتِلَامِ، فَإِنَّهُ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الرِّوَايَاتِ كَانَ ابْنَ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ، أَوْ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ ⦗٩٥⦘.\n\n١٢٤٨٠ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ: أَسْلَمَ عَلِيٌّ وَهُوَ ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، أَوْ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً.\n\n١٢٤٨١ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: إِنَّمَا صَارَتِ الْأَحْكَامُ مُتَعَلِّقَةً بِالْبُلُوغِ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ، فَحُكْمُ عَلِيٍّ فِي ذَلِكَ يُخَالِفُ حُكْمَ غَيْرِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":94},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-879>١٩ - كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ</span>","vol":"9","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-880>بَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ </span>⦗١٠٠⦘\n١٢٤٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ﴾ [النساء: ١٧٦] الْآيَةَ ⦗١٠١⦘.\n\n١٢٤٨٣ - وَقَالَ: ﴿لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ نَصِيبًا مَفْرُوضًا﴾ [النساء: ٧] الْآيَةَ.\n\n١٢٤٨٤ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ﴾ [النساء: ١١] الْآيَةَ.\n\n١٢٤٨٥ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٢] الْآيَةَ.\n\n١٢٤٨٦ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٢] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ [النساء: ١٢] الْآيَةَ. مَعَ آيِ الْمَوَارِيثِ كُلِّهَا.\n\n١٢٤٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «فَدَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎، إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مِمَّنْ سَمَّى لَهُ الْمَوَارِيثَ فِي كِتَابِهِ خَاصًّا مِمَّنْ سَمَّى؛ وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَجْتَمِعَ دِينُ الْوَارِثِ وَالْمَوْرُوثِ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَارِثُ وَالْمَوْرُوثُ حُرَّيْنِ مَعَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَنْ لَا يَكُونَ قَاتِلًا». ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":99},{"text":"١٢٤٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ، وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.","vol":"9","page":101},{"text":"١٢٤٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: \" إِنَّمَا وَرِثَ أَبَا طَالِبٍ عَقِيلٌ وَطَالِبٌ، وَلَمْ يَرِثْهُ عَلِيٌّ وَلَا جَعْفَرٌ قَالَ: فَلِذَلِكَ تَرَكْنَا نَصِيبنَا مِنَ الشِّعْبِ \".\n\n١٢٤٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّ الدِّينَيْنِ إِذَا اخْتَلَفَا بِالشِّرْكِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ يَتَوَارَثْ مَنْ سُمِّيَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ","vol":"9","page":102},{"text":"١٢٤٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا لَهُ مَالٌ، فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ».\n\n١٢٤٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَمْلِكُ مَالًا، وَأَنَّ مَا يَمْلِكُ الْعَبْدُ فَإِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُهُ لِسَيِّدِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْعَبْدُ أَبًا أَوْ غَيْرَهَ مِمَّنْ سُمِّيَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ، وَكَانَ لَوْ أُعْطِيَهَا مَلَكَهَا سَيِّدُهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنِ السَّيِّدُ بِأَبِ الْمَيِّتِ وَلَا وَارِثٍ سُمِّيَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ، فَكُنَّا لَوْ أَعْطِينَا الْعَبْدَ بِأَنَّهُ أَبٌ، إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَا السَّيِّدَ الَّذِي لَا فَرِيضَةَ لَهُ، فَوَرَّثْنَا غَيْرَ مَنْ وَرَّثَ اللَّهُ ⦗١٠٣⦘.\n\n١٢٤٩٣ - فَلَمْ نُورِّثْ عَبْدًا، لِمَا وَصَفْتُ، وَلَا أَحَدًا لَمْ تَجْتَمِعْ فِيهِ الْحُرِّيَّةُ وَالْإِسْلَامُ، وَالْبَرَاءَةُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ، حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ قَاتِلًا","vol":"9","page":102},{"text":"١٢٤٩٤ - وَذَلِكَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ شَيْءٌ»\n\n١٢٤٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ.\n\n١٢٤٩٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٤٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا غَيْرُهُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو، كَذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":103},{"text":"١٢٤٩٨ - وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلُ عَمْدٍ وَلَا خَطَأٍ شَيْئًا مِنَ الدِّيَةِ»","vol":"9","page":103},{"text":"١٢٤٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا:  «لَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ عَمْدًا وَلَا خَطَئًا شَيْئًا».\n\n١٢٥٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ أَسْمَعِ اخْتِلَافًا فِي أَنَّ قَاتِلَ الرَّجُلِ عَمْدًا لَا يَرِثُ مَنْ قَتَلَ مِنْ دِيَةِ الْمَالِ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ افْتَرَقَ النَّاسُ فِي الْقَاتِلِ خَطَأً، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: يَرِثُ ⦗١٠٤⦘ مِنَ الْمَالِ، وَلَا يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ، رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِحَدِيثٍ لَا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١٢٥٠١ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُمْ: لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلُ الْخَطَأِ مِنْ دِيَةٍ وَلَا مَالٍ، وَهُوَ كَقَاتِلِ الْعَمْدِ.\n\n١٢٥٠٢ - وَإِذَا لَمْ يَثْبُتِ الْحَدِيثُ فَلَا يَرِثُ عَمْدًا، وَلَا خَطَأً شَيْئًا، أَشْبَهُ بِعُمُومٍ أَنْ: لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلٌ مَنْ قَتَلَ.\n\n١٢٥٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا","vol":"9","page":103},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَطِيرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ، الْمَرْأَةُ تَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا وَمَالِهِ، وَهُوَ يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَتِهَا وَمَالِهَا، مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ عَمْدًا، فَإِنْ قَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ عَمْدًا لَمْ يَرِثْ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ وَمَالِهِ شَيْئًا، وَإِنْ قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُ خَطَأً وَرِثَ مِنْ مَالِهِ، وَلَمْ يَرِثْ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ».\n\n١٢٥٠٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيٌّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ، مِثْلَهُ\n\n١٢٥٠٥ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الطَّائِفِيُّ ثِقَةٌ ⦗١٠٥⦘\n\n١٢٥٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِلَى هَذَا ذَهَبَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَلَيْهِ دَلَّ حَدِيثُهُ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٥٠٧ - وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ\n\n١٢٥٠٨ - وَمَنْ يَقُولُ بِأَحَادِيثَ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَزِمَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ بِهَذَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":104},{"text":"١٢٥٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ أَبَاهُ مَمْلُوكًا، وَلَمْ يَدَعْ وَارِثًا؟ قَالَ: «يُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِهِ فَيُعْتَقُ، ثُمَّ يُرْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ مَا تَرَكَ».\n\n١٢٥١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا. أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا لَزِمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٢٥١١ - قَالَ: وَنَقُولُ نَحْنُ: مَالُهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، وَكَذَلِكَ يَقُولُونَ هُمْ: إِنْ لَمْ يُوصِ بِهِ.\n\n١٢٥١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي بَابِ مِيرَاثِ الْجَدِّ: وَهُوَ قَوْلُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَعَنْهُ قَبْلِنَا أَكْثَرَ الْفَرَائِضِ.\n\n١٢٥١٣ - ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي خِلَالِ كَلَامِهِ: وَإِلَى الْحُجَّةِ ذَهَبْنَا فِي قَوْلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَمَنْ قَالَ قَوْلَهُ ⦗١٠٦⦘\n\n١٢٥١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ دَلَّنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى اتِّبَاعِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ، بِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ: «أَفْرَضُهُمْ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ»","vol":"9","page":105},{"text":"١٢٥١٥ - فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَرْحَمُ أُمَّتِي بِأُمَّتِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَشَدُّهُمْ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ عُمَرُ، وَأَشَدُّهُمْ حَيَاءً، أَوْ أَصْدَقُهُمْ حَيَاءً، عُثْمَانُ، شَكَّ يُونُسُ، وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَأَفْرَضُهُمْ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمِينُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ»","vol":"9","page":106},{"text":"١٢٥١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: أَنَّهُ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ بِالْجَابِيَةِ، فَقَالَ:  «مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ عَنِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَلْيَأْتِ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ»","vol":"9","page":106},{"text":"١٢٥١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَوْلَا أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ كَتَبَ الْفَرَائِضَ لَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّهَا سَتَذْهَبُ مِنَ النَّاسِ».\n\n١٢٥١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَلَمَّا وَجَدْنَا فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ أَفْرَضَ أَصْحَابِهِ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَجَدْنَا مَنْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْحَقَّ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ وَقَلْبِهِ أُمِرَ بِالرُّجُوعِ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَذَكَرَ عَالِمُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ الْأَمْصَارِ أَنَّهُ عَنْهُ قَبِلَ أَكْثَرَ الْفَرَائِضِ، دَأَبْتُ أَنْ أُخَرِّجَ مَا بَلَغَنَا مِنْ مَذْهَبِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ عَلَى ⦗١٠٧⦘ تَرْتِيبِ مَسَائِلِهَا فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْمُزَنِيِّ ﵀، ثُمَّ شَوَاهِدِ قَوْلِهِ فِيمَا قَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ ⦗١٠٨⦘، فَمِنْهَا:","vol":"9","page":106},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-881>بَابُ مِيرَاثِ مَنْ عُمِّيَ مَوْتُهُ</span>","vol":"9","page":108},{"text":"١٢٥١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «كُلُّ قَوْمٍ يَتَوَارَثُونَ، إِلَّا مَنْ عُمِّيَ مَوْتُ بَعْضِهِمْ قَبْلَ ⦗١٠٩⦘ بَعْضٍ فِي هَدْمٍ، أَوْ حَرْقٍ، أَوْ قِتَالٍ، أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الْمَتَآلِفِ، فَإِنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ لَا يَرِثُ بَعْضًا، وَلَكِنْ يَرِثُ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَحْيَاءِ، كَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَنْ عُمِّيَ مَوْتُهُ قَرَابَةٌ»","vol":"9","page":108},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «أَنَّهُ وَرَّثَ نَفَرًا بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ».\n\n١٢٥٢٠ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا خَالَفَ الْعِرَاقِيُّونَ عَلِيًّا.\n\n١٢٥٢١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مِثْلُ قَوْلِ زَيْدٍ.\n\n١٢٥٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، أَنَّهُمَا أَمَرَا بِذَلِكَ زَيْدًا ⦗١١٠⦘. وَمِنْهَا:","vol":"9","page":109},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-882>بَابُ لَا يُحْجَبُ مَنْ لَا يَرِثُ</span>","vol":"9","page":110},{"text":"١٢٥٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَزَيْدٌ: «الْمُشْرِكُ لَا يَحْجِبُ، وَلَا يَرِثُ»،\n\n١٢٥٢٤ - وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «يَحْجِبُ وَلَا يَرِثُ»\n\n١٢٥٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي مَذْهَبِ عَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدٍ فِي الْمَمْلُوكِينَ، وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ وَالْقَاتِلِينَ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":111},{"text":"١٢٥٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمَمْلُوكُونَ يَحْجِبُونَ وَلَا يَرِثُونَ».\n\n١٢٥٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، بَلْ يَقُولُونَ بِقَوْلِ زَيْدٍ: لَا يَحْجِبُونَ وَلَا يَرِثُونَ","vol":"9","page":111},{"text":"١٢٥٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَحْجِبُ مَنْ لَا يَرِثُ» ⦗١١٢⦘. وَمِنْهَا:","vol":"9","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-883>بَابُ حَجْبِ الْوَرَثَةِ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، وَمَنْ لَا يَرِثُ مِنْ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ</span>\n١٢٥٢٩ - وَالْمُزَنِيُّ ذَكَرَ مَنْ لَا يَرِثُ مِنْهُمْ فِي أَوَّلِ الْبَابِ، وَأَخْبَارُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي ذَلِكَ مَنْقُولَةٌ فِي آخِرِ كِتَابِ الْفَرَائِضِ.\n\n١٢٥٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ عَبْدُ الْقَاهِرِ بْنُ طَاهِرٍ الْإِمَامُ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْلِ سَمَاعِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ مَعَانِي هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ، وَأُصُولَهَا كُلَّهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ، فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ.\n\n١٢٥٣١ - قَالَ: «وَمِيرَاثُ الْأُخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ، وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرًا كَانَ أَوْ أُنْثَى شَيْئًا، وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ، وَلَا مَعَ الْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأَبِ شَيْئًا» ⦗١١٣⦘.\n\n١٢٥٣٢ - قَالَ: «وَمِيرَاثُ الْأُخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ، وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ الذَّكَرِ، وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ شَيْئًا». وَقَالَ ذَلِكَ فِيهِمْ إِذَا كَانُوا لِلْأَبِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَحَدٌ.\n\n١٢٥٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمِيرَاثُ الْجَدَّاتِ: أَنَّ أُمَّ الْأُمِّ لَا تَرِثُ مَعَ الْأُمِّ شَيْئًا، وَأَنَّ أُمَّ الْأَبِ لَا تَرِثُ مَعَ الْأُمِّ، وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ شَيْئًا.\n\n١٢٥٣٤ - قَالَ: وَلَا يَرِثُ ابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ بِرَحِمِهِ تِلْكَ شَيْئًا، وَلَا تَرِثُ الْجَدَّةُ أُمُّ أَبِ الْأُمِّ، وَلَا ابْنَةُ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ، وَالْأَبِّ، وَلَا الْعَمَّةُ أُخْتُ الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِّ، وَلَا الْخَالَةُ، وَلَا مَنْ هُوَ أَبْعَدُ نَسَبًا مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى مِمَّنْ سَمَّى فِي كِتَابِهِ لَا يَرِثُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ بِرَحِمِهِ تِلْكَ شَيْئًا","vol":"9","page":112},{"text":"١٢٥٣٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: أَنَّهُ قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِ: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً﴾ [النساء: ١٢] أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ، فَقَالَ: «مِنْ أُمِّهِ».\n\n١٢٥٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، يَقُولُ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى سَعْدٍ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: «أُخْتٌ لِأُمِّهِ»","vol":"9","page":113},{"text":"١٢٥٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَفْتَى فِي الْكَلَالَةِ، فَقَالَ: «أَقُولُ فِيهَا بِرَأْيِي، فَإِنْ كَانَ صَوَابًا فَمِنَ اللَّهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ خَطَأً فَمِنِّي وَمَنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، هُوَ مَا دُونَ الْوَالِدِ وَالْوَلَدِ»، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عُمَرُ، قَالَ: «إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي أَنْ أُخَالِفَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ».\n\n١٢٥٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ ⦗١١٤⦘ الْفَضْلِ الضَّبِّيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمٌ الْأَحْوَلُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّعْبِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٥٣٩ - وَهَكَذَا قَالَ عُمَرُ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي أَصَحِّ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُمَا\n\n١٢٥٤٠ - قَالَ: وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"9","page":113},{"text":"١٢٥٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ مَرِضَ، فَأَتَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعُودُهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ فِي مَالِي وَلِي أَخَوَاتٌ؟ قَالَ: فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْكَلَالَةِ: ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ﴾ [النساء: ١٧٦] الْآيَةَ","vol":"9","page":114},{"text":"١٢٥٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ: «أَنَّ هَذِهِ آخِرُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ،\n\n١٢٥٤٣ - وَأَبُوهُ كَانَ - يَعْنِي جَابِرًا - قَدْ قُتِلَ بِأُحُدٍ». فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِيهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَالِدٌ وَلَا وَلَدٌ، فَأَحَدُ الشَّرْطَيْنِ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ مِنْ نَصِّ الْآيَةِ، وَأَخَذَ الشَّرْطَ الْآخَرَ مِنْ سَبَبِ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ.\n\n١٢٥٤٤ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀: وَفِيهِ وَجْهٌ مُسْتَنْبَطٌ مِنْ نَفْسِ الْآيَةِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنِ انْتَظَمَهُ اسْمُ الْوِلَادَةِ مِنْ أَعْلَى أَوْ أَسْفَلَ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُدْعَى وَلَدًا، فَالْوَالِدُ سُمِّيَ وَلَدًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ وَلَدَ الْمَوْلُودَ، وَالْمَوْلُودُ سُمِّيَ وَلَدًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ وُلِدَ ⦗١١٥⦘.\n\n١٢٥٤٥ - وَهَذَا كَالذُّرِّيَّةِ، وَهِيَ اسْمٌ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنْ ذَرَأَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ، فَالْوَلَدُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ ذُرِئُوا، أَيْ خُلِقُوا، وَالْأَبُّ ذُرِّيَّةٌ لِأَنَّ الْوَلَدَ ذُرِئَ مِنْهُ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا.\n\n١٢٥٤٦ - فَعَلَى هَذَا قَدْ يَصِحُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ﴾ [النساء: ١٧٦] أَيْ وِلَادَةٌ فِي الطَّرَفَيْنِ مِنْ أَعْلَى وَأَسْفَلَ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا أَحَالَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ حِينَ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْكَلَالَةِ، فَقَالَ: «يَكْفِيكَ آيَةُ الصَّيْفِ»، يُرِيدُ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي نَزَلَتْ فِي الصَّيْفِ لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَعْنَى الدَّالِّ عَلَيْهِ.\n\n١٢٥٤٧ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ: وَاسْمُ الْكَلَالَةِ فِي اللُّغَةِ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنْ تَكَلَّلَ النَّسَبُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْأُخْوَةَ إِنَّمَا يَتَكَلَّلُونَ الْمَيِّتَ مِنْ جَوَانِبِهِ، وَيَلْقَوْنَهُ مِنْ نَوَاحِيهِ، وَالْوَلَدُ وَالْوَالِدُ إِنَّمَا يَأْتِيَانِهِ مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ النَّسَبِ، وَيَجْتَمِعَانِ مَعَهُ فِي نِصَابِهِ وَعَمُودِهِ.\n\n١٢٥٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، نَحْوَ قَوْلِ زَيْدٍ فِي الْجَدَّةِ لَا تَرِثُ مَعَ ابْنِهَا","vol":"9","page":114},{"text":"١٢٥٤٩ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ:  «أَوَّلُ جَدَّةٍ أَطْعَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُدُسًا مَعَ ابْنِهَا، وَابْنُهَا حَيٌّ».\n\n١٢٥٥٠ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ هَكَذَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ ⦗١١٦⦘،\n\n١٢٥٥١ - وَإِنَّمَا رُوِيَ مُنْقَطِعًا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى","vol":"9","page":115},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-884>بَابُ الْمَوَارِيثِ</span>","vol":"9","page":117},{"text":"١٢٥٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدٌ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ⦗١٢٠⦘ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ مَعَانِي هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا كُلَّهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعْنَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ:\n\n١٢٥٥٣ -  «يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا هِيَ لَمْ تَتْرُكْ وَلَدًا وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ النِّصْفَ، فَإِنْ تَرَكَتْ وَلَدًا أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ ذَكَرًا أَوْ أُنْثَى، وَرِثَهَا زَوْجُهَا الرُّبُعَ، لَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا.\n\n١٢٥٥٤ - وَتَرِثُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا إِذَا هُوَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَلَدًا وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ الرُّبُعَ، فَإِنْ تَرَكَ وَلَدًا، أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ، وَرِثَتْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ الثُّمُنَ»","vol":"9","page":119},{"text":"١٢٥٥٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: «وَمِيرَاثُ الْأُمِّ مِنْ وَلَدِهَا إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُهَا، أَوْ ابْنَتُهَا فَتَرَكَ وَلَدًا، أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ ذَكَرًا أَوْ أُنْثَى، أَوْ تَرَكَ اثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الْأُخْوَةِ فَصَاعِدًا، ذُكُورًا أَوْ إِنَاثًا، مِنْ أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ أَوْ مِنْ أُمٍّ، السُّدُسُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفِّي وَلَدًا، وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ، وَلَا اثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الْأُخْوَةِ فَصَاعِدًا، فَإِنَّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ كَامِلًا، إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَتَيْنِ فَقَطْ، وَهُمَا أَنْ يُتَوَفَّى رَجُلٌ، وَيَتْرُكَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَأَبَوَيْهِ، فَيَكُونُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ الرُّبُعُ، وَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا بَقِيَ، وَهُوَ الرُّبُعُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ، وَأَنْ تُتَوَفَّى امْرَأَةٌ، وَتَتْرُكَ زَوْجَهَا، وَأَبَوَيْهَا فَيَكُونَ لِزَوْجِهَا النِّصْفُ، وَلِأُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا بَقِيَ، وَهُوَ السُّدُسُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ»","vol":"9","page":120},{"text":"١٢٥٥٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: \" وَمِيرَاثُ الْوَلَدِ مِنْ وَالِدِهِمْ، أَوْ وَالِدَتِهِمْ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ رَجُلٌ أَوِ ⦗١٢١⦘ امْرَأَةٌ، فَتَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ، كَانَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا فَرِيضَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَيَبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَكَهُمْ بِفَرِيضَةٍ، فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتُهُ، فَمَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لِلْوَلَدِ بَيْنَهُمْ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ.\n\n١٢٥٥٧ - قَالَ: وَمَنْزِلَةُ وَلَدِ الْأَبْنَاءِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ دُونَهُمْ وَلَدٌ كَمَنْزِلَةِ الْوَلَدِ سَوَاءٌ، ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذُكُورِهِمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَإِنَاثِهِمْ، يَرِثُونَ كَمَا يَرِثُونَ، وَيُحْجَبُونَ كَمَا يُحْجَبُونَ، فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَ الْوَلَدُ، وَوَلَدُ الِابْنِ، فَكَانَ فِي الْوَلَدِ ذَكَرٌ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْوَلَدِ ذَكَرٌ وَكَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْبَنَاتِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ لِبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ مَعَهُنَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرٌ هُوَ مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى بِمَنْزِلَتِهِنَّ، أَوْ هُوَ أَطْرَفُ مِنْهُنَّ، فَيُرَدُّ عَلَى مَنْ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ، وَمَنْ فَوْقَهُ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الْأَبْنَاءِ فَضْلًا إِنْ فَضَلَ فَيَقْسِمُونَهُ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْوَلَدُ إِلَّا ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَتَرَكَ ابْنَةَ ابْنٍ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَلَهُنَّ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةُ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرٌ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِنَّ، فَلَا سُدُسَ لَهُنَّ، وَلَا فَرِيضَةَ، وَلَكِنْ إِنْ فَضَلَ فَضْلٌ بَعْدَ فَرِيضَةِ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ، كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ لِذَلِكَ الذِّكْرِ وَلِمَنْ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، وَلَيْسَ لِمَنْ هُوَ أَطْرَفُ مِنْهُنَّ شَيْءٌ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ \"","vol":"9","page":120},{"text":"١٢٥٥٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: «وَالْأُخْوَةُ لِلْأُمِّ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ، وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ، ذَكَرًا كَانَ أَوْ أُنْثَى شَيْئًا، وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ، وَلَا مَعَ الْجَدَّاتِ لِلْأَبِ شَيْئًا، وَهُمْ فِي كُلِّ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ يُفْرَضُ لِلْوَاحِدِ ⦗١٢٢⦘ مِنْهُمُ السُّدُسُ ذَكَرًا كَانَ أَوْ أُنْثَى، فَإِنْ كَانُوا اثْنَيْنِ فَصَاعِدًا، ذُكُورًا أَوْ إِنَاثًا، فَرَضَ لَهُمُ الثُّلُثُ يَقْتَسِمُونَهُ بِالسَّوَاءِ»","vol":"9","page":121},{"text":"١٢٥٥٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ:  «وَمِيرَاثُ الْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ، وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ الذَّكَرِ، وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ شَيْئًا وَهُمْ مَعَ الْبَنَاتِ، وَبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ، مَا لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى جَدًّا، أَبَا أَبٍ يَخْلُفُونَ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ، فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ، كَانَ لِلْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، إِنَاثًا كَانُوا أَوْ ذُكُورًا، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى أَبًا، وَلَا جَدًّا أَبَا أَبٍ، وَلَا ابْنًا، وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ ذَكَرًا وَلَا أُنْثَى، (وَلَا ابْنًا ذَكَرًا وَلَا أُنْثَى) فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضْ لِلْأُخْتِ الْوَاحِدَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ أَخٌ ذَكَرٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا فَرِيضَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ شَرَكَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ، فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ. فَمَا فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَيْنَ الْأُخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَطُّ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ لَهُمْ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ، فَاشْتَرَكُوا مَعَ بَنِي أُمِّهِمْ، وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ تُوُفِّيَتْ، وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُمَّهَا، وَأُخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا، وَأُخْوَتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا وَأُمِّهَا، فَكَانَ لِزَوْجِهَا النِّصْفُ، وَلِأُمِّهَا السُّدُسُ، وَلِابْنَيْ أُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ، فَلَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَيَشْتَرِكُ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ، مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي ثُلُثِهِمْ، فَيَكُونُ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ بَنُو أُمِّ الْمُتَوَفَّى»","vol":"9","page":122},{"text":"١٢٥٦٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ ⦗١٢٣⦘: «وَمِيرَاثُ الْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ، كَمِيرَاثِ الْأُخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ سَوَاءٌ، ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَشْتَرِكُونَ مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ الَّتِي شَرَكَهُمْ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ. فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْأُخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ، وَالْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ، فَكَانَ فِي بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ ذَكَرٌ، فَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأُخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَكَانَ بَنُو الْأَبِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ لَا ذَكَرَ فِيهِنَّ، فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ، وَيُفْرَضُ لِبَنَاتِ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ أَخٌ ذَكَرٌ، فَلَا فَرِيضَةَ لَهُمْ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ، فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُنَّ لِبَنَاتِ الْأَبِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ مِنْ أَبٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ بُدِئَ بِفَرَائِضِ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ، فَأَعْطُوهَا، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ»","vol":"9","page":122},{"text":"١٢٥٦١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: \" وَمِيرَاثُ الْأَبِ مِنَ ابْنِهِ أَوِ ابْنَتِهِ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ أَنَّهُ: إِنْ تَرَكَ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَلَدًا ذَكَرًا، أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ ذَكَرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَلَدًا ذَكَرًا، أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ ذَكَرٍ، فَإِنَّ الْأَبَ يُخْلَفُ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ شَرَكَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ، فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ السُّدُسُ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ كَانَ لِلْأَبِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ عَنْهُمُ السُّدُسُ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ، فُرِضَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ فَرِيضَةً ⦗١٢٤⦘.\n\n١٢٥٦٢ - قَالَ: وَمِيرَاثُ الْجَدَّاتِ أَنَّ الْأُمَّ لَا تَرِثُ مَعَ الْأُمِّ شَيْئًا، وَهِيَ فِيمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ يُفْرَضُ لَهُ السُّدُسُ فَرِيضَةً، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَتِ الْجَدَّتَانِ لَيْسَ لِلْمُتَوَفَّى دُونَهُمَا أُمٌّ وَلَا أَبٌ \". قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: «فَإِنَّا قَدْ سَمِعْنَا إِنْ كَانَتِ الَّتِي مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ هِيَ أَقْعَدُهُمَا كَانَ لَهَا السُّدُسُ، وَزَالَتِ الَّتِي مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ. وَإِنْ كَانَتَا مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، أَوْ كَانَتِ الَّتِي مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ هِيَ أَقْعَدُهُمَا فَإِنَّ السُّدُسَ يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ».\n\n١٢٥٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ وُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فِي الْجَدَّتَيْنِ.\n\n١٢٥٦٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ.\n\n١٢٥٦٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ شَيْخٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَهُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ زَيْدٍ","vol":"9","page":123},{"text":"١٢٥٦٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَ عَلِيٌّ وَزَيْدٌ يُوَرِّثَانِ الْقُرْبَى مِنَ الْجَدَّاتِ السُّدُسَ، وَإِنْ كُنَّ سَوَاءً فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُنَّ».\n\n١٢٥٦٧ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ مُطْلَقَةً، وَالرِّوَايَةُ الْأُولَى عَنْ زَيْدٍ مُفَسِّرَةً","vol":"9","page":124},{"text":"١٢٥٦٨ - وَبِالْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي مَضَى عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَى الصِّفَةِ الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي أَوَّلِ الْبَابِ قَالَ:  «فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الْمُتَوَفَّى ثَلَاثَ جَدَّاتٍ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَيْسَ دُونَهُنَّ أُمٌّ وَلَا أَبٌ فَالسُّدُسُ بَيْنَهُنَّ ثَلَاثَتَهُنَّ، وَهُنَّ أُمُّ أُمِّ الْأَبِ، وَأُمُّ أَبِي الْأَبِ» قَالَ: «وَلَا تَرِثُ الْجَدَّةُ أُمَّ أَبِ الْأُمِّ وَلَا الْجَدَّاتُ الْأُمَّ شَيْئًا».\n\n١٢٥٦٩ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «وَلَوْ عَاشَ النَّاسُ وَرِثَ مَا لَا يُحْصَى مِنَ الْجَدَّاتِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُرَازِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"9","page":125},{"text":"١٢٥٧٠ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، وَعَلِيًّا «كَانَا يُوَرِّثَانِ ثَلَاثَ جَدَّاتٍ، اثْنَتَيْنِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ، وَوَاحِدَةً مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ».\n\n١٢٥٧١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا.\n\n١٢٥٧٢ - وَأَمَّا مَا نَقَلَ الْمُزَنِيُّ مِنْ أَنِّ لِلْأَخَوَاتِ مَعَ الْبَنَاتِ مَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ مَرْوِيُّ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَثَابِتٌ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، وَفِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مُسْنَدٌ","vol":"9","page":125},{"text":"١٢٥٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قَيْسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ هُزَيْلَ بْنَ شُرَحْبِيلَ، يَقُولُ: سُئِلَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنَةٍ وَابْنَةِ ابْنٍ، وَأُخْتٍ؟ فَقَالَ: لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفُ، وَأْتِ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ فَسَيُتَابِعُنِي، فَسَلْ عَنْهَا ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأُخْبِرَ ⦗١٢٦⦘ بِقَوْلِ أَبِي مُوسَى، فَقَالَ: لَقَدْ ضَلَلْتُ إِذًا، وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ، أَقْضِي فِيهِ بِمَا قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِابْنَةِ الِابْنِ السُّدُسُ تَكْمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُخْتِ» قَالَ: فَأَتَيْنَا أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ بِقَوْلِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَقَالَ: لَا تَسْأَلُونِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ مَا دَامَ هَذَا الْحَبْرُ فِيكُمْ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ.\n\n١٢٥٧٤ - فَفِي السُّنَّةِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فِي آيَةِ الْكَلَالَةِ، الْمُرَادُ بِهِ الذُّكُورُ دُونَ الْإِنَاثِ","vol":"9","page":125},{"text":"١٢٥٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي ابْنَتَيْنِ، وَبَنَاتِ ابْنٍ، وَبَنِي ابْنٍ: «لِلِابْنَتَيْنِ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِبَنِي الِابْنِ دُونَ الْبَنَاتِ»،\n\n١٢٥٧٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ فِي الْأَخَوَاتِ، وَالْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ مَعَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ \".\n\n١٢٥٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا نَقُولُ بِهَذَا، إِنَّمَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ: لِلْبَنَاتِ، أَوِ الْأَخَوَاتِ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِبَنِي الِابْنِ، وَبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ، أَوْ لِلْأُخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ. أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا فِيمَا خَالَفَ الْعِرَاقِيُّونَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"9","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-885>بَابُ الْعَصَبَةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":127},{"text":"١٢٥٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي قَوْلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ﵃: \" إِذَا تَرَكَ الْمُتَوَفَّى ابْنًا فَالْمَالُ لَهُ، فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَيْنِ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ثَلَاثَةَ بَنِينَ، فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ، فَإِنْ تَرَكَ بَنِينَ وَبَنَاتٍ، فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَلَدًا لِلصُّلْبِ، وَتَرَكَ بَنِي ابْنٍ، وَبَنَاتِ ابْنٍ نَسَبَهُمْ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ وَاحِدٍ، فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، وَهُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ.\n\n١٢٥٧٩ - وَإِذَا تَرَكَ ابْنًا، وَابْنَ ابْنٍ، فَلَيْسَ لِابْنِ الِابْنِ شَيْءٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا تَرَكَ ابْنَ ابْنٍ وَأَسْفَلَ مِنْهُ ابْنُ ابْنٍ، وَبَنَاتُ ابْنٍ أَسَفَلَ، فَلَيْسَ لِلَّذِي أَسْفَلُ مِنَ ابْنِ الِابْنِ مَعَ الْأَعْلَى شَيْءٌ.\n\n١٢٥٨٠ - كَمَا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِابْنِ الِابْنِ مَعَ الِابْنِ شَيْءٌ\n\n١٢٥٨١ - قَالَ: وَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ، فَلَهُ الْمَالُ، وَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ، وَتَرَكَ ابْنًا فَلِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلِابْنِ، وَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَ ابْنٍ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكِ ابْنًا، فَابْنُ الِابْنِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الِابْنِ \"","vol":"9","page":128},{"text":"١٢٥٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْأُسْتَاذُ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ عَبْدُ الْقَاهِرِ بْنُ طَاهِرٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ⦗١٢٩⦘:\n\n١٢٥٨٣ - قَالَ: «الْأَخُ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنَ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ، وَالْأَخُ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنَ ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ.\n\n١٢٥٨٤ - وَابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَوْلَى مِنَ ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ.\n\n١٢٥٨٥ - وَابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنَ ابْنِ ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ.\n\n١٢٥٨٦ - وَابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِّ.\n\n١٢٥٨٧ - وَالْعَمُّ أَخُو الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ، وَالْعَمُّ أَخُو الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنَ ابْنِ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ.\n\n١٢٥٨٨ - وَابْنُ الْعَمِّ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنْ عَمِّ الْأَبِ أَخِي أَبِي الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِّ.\n\n١٢٥٨٩ - وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ تَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ مِنَ مِيرَاثِ الْعَصَبَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ عَلَى هَذَا، فَمَا سُئِلْتَ عَنْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَانْسِبِ الْمُتَوَفَّى، وَانْسِبْ مَنْ تَنَازَعَ فِي الْوَلَايَةِ مِمَّنْ عَصَبَهُ، فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ يَلْقَى الْمُتَوَفَّى إِلَى أَبٍ لَا يَلْقَاهُ مَنْ سِوَاهُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا إِلَى أَبٍ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ لِلَّذِي يَلْقَاهُ إِلَى الْأَبِ الْأَدْنَى دُونَ الْآخَرِينَ، وَإِذَا وَجَدْتَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ يَلْقَوْنَهُ إِلَى أَبٍ وَاحِدٍ يَجْمَعُهُمْ، فَانْظُرْ أَقْعَدَهُمْ فِي النَّسَبِ.\n\n١٢٥٩٠ - وَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ ابْنِ فَقَطْ، فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ لَهُ دُونَ الْأَطْرَافِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَطْرَافُ ابْنَ أُمٍّ وَأَبٍ. فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ مُسْتَوِيِينَ يَتَنَاسَبُونَ فِي عَدَدِ الْآبَاءِ إِلَى عَدَدٍ وَاحِدٍ حَتَّى يَلْقَوْا نَسَبَ الْمُتَوَفَّى، وَكَانُوا كُلُّهُمْ بَنِي أَبٍ أَوْ بَنِي أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوَاءِ.\n\n١٢٥٩١ - وَإِنْ كَانَ وَالِدُ بَعْضِهِمْ أَخَا وَالِدِ ذَلِكَ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، وَكَانُ وَالِدُ مَنْ سِوَاهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَخُو وَالِدِ ذَلِكَ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ فَقَطْ، فَإِنَّ الْمِيرَاثَ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ دُونَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، وَالْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنَ ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ ⦗١٣٠⦘.\n\n١٢٥٩٢ - وَأَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ»","vol":"9","page":128},{"text":"١٢٥٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَزَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَ تَرْتِيبَ الْعَصَبَاتِ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ هَذَا مُخْتَصَرًا، وَفِي آخِرِ ذَلِكَ:  «وَكَانَ زَيْدٌ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدًا مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ لَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَى ذِي سَهْمٍ، وَلَكِنْ يَرُدُّ عَلَى الْمَوَالِي، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَوَالِي فَعَلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ»","vol":"9","page":130},{"text":"١٢٥٩٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: بَنُو عَمٍّ أَحَدُهُمْ أَخٌ لِأُمٍّ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ: «لِلْأَخِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ سُدُسُهُ، ثُمَّ هُوَ شَرِيكُهُمْ فِي بَقِيَّةِ الْمَالِ»","vol":"9","page":130},{"text":"١٢٥٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: امْرَأَةٌ تَرَكَتِ ابْنَيْ عَمِّهَا أَحَدُهُمَا زَوْجُهَا، وَالْآخَرُ أَخُوهَا لِأُمِّهَا فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ: «لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ، وَهُمَا شَرِيكَانِ فِيمَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْمَالِ»","vol":"9","page":130},{"text":"١٢٥٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا، فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ» ⦗١٣١⦘. قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ","vol":"9","page":130},{"text":"١٢٥٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ فِيمَا أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْهُ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ﴾ [النساء: ٧]: «نُسِخَ بِمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلذَّكَرِ وَالْأُنْثَى مِنَ الْفَرَائِضِ»","vol":"9","page":131},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-886>مِيرَاثُ الْجَدِّ</span>","vol":"9","page":132},{"text":"١٢٥٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ، فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ\n\n١٢٥٩٩ - قَالَ: \" وَمِيرَاثُ الْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأَبِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ أَبٍ دِنْيَا شَيْئًا، وَهُوَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ، وَمَعَ ابْنِ الِابْنِ يُفْرَضُ لَهُ السُّدُسُ، وَفِيمَا سِوَى ذَلَكَ مَا لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى أَخًا أَوْ أُخْتًا مِنْ أَبِيهِ يَخْلُفُ الْجَدُّ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَكَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ، فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتَهُ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ السُّدُسُ، فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ كَانَ لِلْجَدِّ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلِ السُّدُسُ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ فَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ.\n\n١٢٦٠٠ - وَمِيرَاثُ الْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأَبِ مَعَ الْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَنَّهُمْ يَخْلُفُونَ وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَكَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتَهُ فَمَا بَقِيَ لِلْجَدِّ وَالْأُخْوَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يُنْظَرُ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَيُحْسَبُ أَنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا يَحْصُلُ لَهُ، وَلِلْأُخْوَةِ أَمْ يَكُونُ أَخًا، وَيُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ فِيمَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ وَلَهُ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، أَوِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَارِعًا، فَأَيُّ ذَلِكَ مَا كَانَ أَفْضَلَ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ أُعْطِيَهُ، وَكَانَ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْأُخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، إِلَّا فَرِيضَةً وَاحِدَةً تَكُونُ قِسْمَتُهُمْ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٢٦٠١ - وَهِيَ: امْرَأَةٌ تُوُفِّيَتْ، وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا، وَأُمَّهَا وَجَدَّهَا، وَأُخْتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا، فَيُفْرَضُ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ، وَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفُ، ثُمَّ يُجْمَعُ سُدُسُ الْجَدِّ وَنِصْفُ الْأُخْتِ فَيُقْسَمُ أَثْلَاثًا، لِلْجَدِّ مِنْهُ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ الثُّلُثُ.\n\n١٢٦٠٢ - وَمِيرَاثُ الْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ لِأُمٍّ وَأَبٍ كَمِيرَاثِ الْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ سَوَاءٌ ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَإِنَاثِهِمْ،\n\n١٢٦٠٣ - فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْأُخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ، وَالْأُخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ، فَإِنَّ بَنِي أَلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ يُعَادُونَ الْجَدَّ بِبَنِي أَبِيهِمْ، فَيَمْنَعُونَهُ بِهِمْ كَثْرَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ ⦗١٣٥⦘.\n\n١٢٦٠٤ - فَمَا حَصَلَ لِلْأُخْوَةِ بَعْدَ حَظِّ الْجَدِّ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ خَاصَّةً دُونَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ امْرَأَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنَّهَا تُعَادِي الْجَدَّ بِبَنِي أَبِيهَا مَا كَانُوا فَمَا حَصَلَ لَهَا وَلَهُمْ شَيْءٌ كَانَ دُونَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَسْتَكْمِلَ نِصْفَ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا يُحَازُ لَهَا وَلَهُمْ فَضْلٌ عَنْ نِصْفِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ \"","vol":"9","page":134},{"text":"١٢٦٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ قَالَ: أَخَذَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ هَذِهِ الرِّسَالَةَ مِنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَمِنْ كُبَرَاءِ آلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، فَذَكَرَ رِسَالَةَ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَفِيهَا:\n\n١٢٦٠٦ -  «إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ مِنْ نَحْوِ قَسْمِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ ﵁ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ إِذَا كَانَ أَخًا وَاحِدًا ذَكَرًا مَعَ الْجَدِّ، قَسَمَ مَا وَرِثَا بَيْنَهُمَا شَطْرَيْنِ.\n\n١٢٦٠٧ - فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْجَدِّ أُخْتٌ قَسَمَ لَهَا الثُّلُثَ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ قَسَمَ لَهُمَا الشَّطْرَ، وَالْجَدَّ الشَّطْرَ.\n\n١٢٦٠٨ - فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْجَدِّ أَخَوَانِ، فَإِنَّهُ يَقْسِمُ لِلْجَدِّ الثُّلُثَ.\n\n١٢٦٠٩ - فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَرَهُ حَسِبْتُ يَنْقُصُ الْجَدَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ مَا خَلُصَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ أَخِيهِمْ بَعْدَ الْجَدِّ، فَإِنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ هُمْ أَوْلَى بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ بِمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّةِ،\n\n١٢٦١٠ - فَلِذَلِكَ حَسَبْتُ نَحْوًا مِنَ الَّذِي كَانَ عُمَرُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﵁ ⦗١٣٦⦘ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُوَرِّثُ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الَّذِينَ لَيْسُوا مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، يَعْنِي يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْأُخْوَةِ نَحْوَ هَذَا»","vol":"9","page":135},{"text":"١٢٦١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْجَدِّ، فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ:  «يُورَّثُ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ»","vol":"9","page":136},{"text":"١٢٦١٢ - وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ﵁، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ: «أَنَّهُمْ جَعَلُوهُ أَبًا، وَأَسْقَطُوا الْإخْوَةَ مَعَهُ».\n\n١٢٦١٣ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ تَرْجِيحَ قَوْلِ مَنْ شَرَّكَ بَيْنَهُمْ كَمَا هُوَ مَنْقُولٌ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ","vol":"9","page":136},{"text":"١٢٦١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ:  «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُشَرِّكُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْأُخْوَةِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سَادِسًا».\n\n١٢٦١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، أَمَّا صَاحِبُهُمْ فَيَقُولُ: الْجَدُّ أَبٌ، فَيُطْرَحُ الْإِخْوَةُ.\n\n١٢٦١٦ - وَأَمَّا هُمْ، وَنَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ زَيْدٍ: يُقَاسِمُ الْأُخْوَةَ، مَا كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ، وَلَا يَنْقُصُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ","vol":"9","page":136},{"text":"١٢٦١٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ ⦗١٣٧⦘ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: «كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُشَرِّكُ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ، فَإِذَا كَثُرُوا أَوْفَاهُ السُّدُسَ».\n\n١٢٦١٨ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى هَذَا مَا قَالَ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"9","page":136},{"text":"١٢٦١٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: «كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَجْعَلُ الْأَكْدَرِيَّةَ ⦗١٣٨⦘ مِنْ ثَمَانِيَةٍ، لِلْأُمِّ سَهْمٌ، وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمٌ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ، وَلِلزَّوْجِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ».\n\n١٢٦٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ يُرِيدُ بَعْضَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ يَقُولُونَ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: يَجْعَلُهَا مِنْ تِسْعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ، لِلْأُمِّ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمٌ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ، وَلِلزَّوْجِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ، ثُمَّ يُقَاسِمُ الْجَدُّ الْأُخْتَ، فَيُجْعَلُ بَيْنَهُمَا، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ","vol":"9","page":137},{"text":"١٢٦٢١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَسُفْيَانَ، عَمَّنْ سَمِعَ الشَّعْبِيَّ يَقُولُ أَظُنُّهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي جَدٍّ وَأُخْتٍ وَأُمٍّ: «لِلْأُخْتِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ، وَلِلْأُمِّ سَهْمٌ، وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ».\n\n١٢٦٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، إِنَّمَا يَقُولُونَ بِقَوْلِ زَيْدٍ: يَجْعَلُهَا مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ، لِلْأُمِّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ، وَلِلْجَدِّ أَرْبَعَةٌ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمَانِ.\n\n١٢٦٢٣ - وَهَذِهِ الْآثَارُ إِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلْزَامًا لِلْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٢٦٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ لِلْجَدِّ فِي السُّنَّةِ فَرْضًا إِلَّا مِنْ وَجْهٍ وَاحِدٍ لَا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ كُلَّ الثَّبْتِ","vol":"9","page":138},{"text":"١٢٦٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ مَا رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُدْعَانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ نَشَدَ لِلنَّاسِ: \" مَنْ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَضَى فِي الْجَدِّ بِشَيْءٍ؟ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: أَنَا شَهِدْتُهُ: أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، قَالَ: مَعَ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي، قَالَ: لَا دَرَيْتَ \".\n\n١٢٦٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخَطِيبُ الِإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ.\n\n١٢٦٢٧ - وَكَأَنَّهُ ضَعَّفَهُ بِأَنَّ رَاوِيهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جُدْعَانَ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، أَوْ بِأَنَّ الْحَسَنَ لَمْ يُثْبِتْ سَمَاعَهُ مِنْ عِمْرَانَ، وَاخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"9","page":139},{"text":"١٢٦٢٨ - وَهَذَا أَوْلَى فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ شَيْخًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ ابْنَ ابْنِي مَاتَ، فَمَا لِي مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَكَ سُدُسٌ». فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ دَعَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «لَكَ سُدُسٌ آخَرُ»، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى دَعَاهُ، فَقَالَ:  «لَكَ السُّدُسُ الْآخَرُ طُعْمَةً». حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٦٢٩ - إِلَّا أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ لَا يُثْبِتُونَ سَمَاعَ الْحَسَنِ مِنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ......","vol":"9","page":139},{"text":"١٢٦٣٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ قَالَ: \" أَيُّكُمْ يَعْلَمُ مَا وَرَّثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْجَدَّ؟ ⦗١٤٠⦘ قَالَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ: «أَنَا، أَنَا وَرَّثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ السُّدُسَ» قَالَ: مَعَ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي، قَالَ: لَا دَرَيْتَ، فَمَا تُغْنِي إِذًا \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٦٣١ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ أَبْيَنُ فِي الِانْقِطَاعِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْحَسَنَ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ سُؤَالَ عُمَرَ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَفَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، لِذَلِكَ قَالَ: لَا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ كُلَّ الثَّبْتِ.\n\n١٢٦٣٢ - وَإِسْنَادُ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْإِرْسَالِ صَحِيحٌ، فَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ: أَخْرَجَهُمَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ ......","vol":"9","page":139},{"text":"١٢٦٣٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ أَبِي عِيسَى الْحَنَّاطُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سَأَلَ جُلَسَاءَهُ: \" أَيُّكُمْ عِنْدَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْجَدِّ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا، أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ قَالَ: مَعَ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي، قَالَ: لَا دَرَيْتَ قَالَ: أَيُّكُمْ أَيْضًا؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا عِنْدِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: مَهْ؟ قَالَ: أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ قَالَ: مَعَ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي، قَالَ: لَا دَرَيْتَ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَ أَيْضًا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا عِنْدِي مِنْ عِلْمٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: مَهْ؟ قَالَ: أَعْطَاهُ النِّصْفَ قَالَ: مَعَ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ: لَا دَرَيْتَ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَ أَيْضًا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَعْطَاهُ الْمَالَ كُلَّهُ، فَلَمَّا تَوَلَّى زَيْدٌ الْفَرَائِضَ، أَعْطَاهُ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذُّكُورِ السُّدُسَ، وَمَعَ الْأُخْوَةِ الثُّلُثَ، وَمَعَ الْأَخِ الْوَاحِدِ النِّصْفَ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَارِثٌ غَيْرَهُ جَعَلَ لَهُ الْمَالَ \" ⦗١٤١⦘.\n\n١٢٦٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا قَدْ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ عِيسَى الْمَدَنِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي الثُّلُثِ، وَالسُّدُسِ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَعِيسَى غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ......","vol":"9","page":140},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-887>الْعَوْلُ </span>......","vol":"9","page":142},{"text":"١٢٦٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعِجْلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَعَالَ الْفَرَائِضَ، وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ مَا أَعَالَهَا بِهِ الثُّلُثَيْنِ» ......","vol":"9","page":142},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-888>بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْمُرْتَدِّ </span>......","vol":"9","page":143},{"text":"١٢٦٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ، وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ» ⦗١٤٤⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٢٦٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ: فَإِنِ ارْتَدَّ أَحَدٌ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، لَمْ يَرِثْهُ مُسْلِمٌ، بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَطَعَ اللَّهُ الْوَلَايَةَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ ......","vol":"9","page":143},{"text":"١٢٦٣٨ - وَذَكَرَ احْتِجَاجَ مَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِي الْمُرْتَدِّ بِمَا رُوِيَ، «أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَتَلَ الْمُسْتَوْرِدَ، وَوَرَّثَ مِيرَاثَهُ وَرَثَتَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ».\n\n١٢٦٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ يَزْعُمُ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْكُمْ أَنَّهُ غَلَطٌ.\n\n١٢٦٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مِثْلَ هَذَا.\n\n١٢٦٤١ - وَرَوَاهُ سِمَاكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ الْأَبْرَصِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ، وَأَمْرِ عَلِيٍّ بِقَتْلِهِ وَإِحْرَاقِهِ بِالنَّارِ قَالَ فِيهَا: وَلَمْ يَعْرِضْ لِمَالِهِ.\n\n١٢٦٤٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْمَالِ.\n\n١٢٦٤٣ - وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُضَعِّفُ حَدِيثَ عَلِيٍّ فِي ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ ⦗١٤٥⦘ جَعَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِخَصْمِهِ ثَابِتًا، وَاعْتَذَرَ فِي تَرْكِهِ بِظَاهِرِ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ، وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ»،\n\n١٢٦٤٤ - كَمَا تَرَكَ وَتَرَكُوا قَوْلَ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُمْ، مِنْهُمْ: سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا فِي تَوْرِيثِ الْمُسْلِمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لِظَاهِرِ قَوْلِهِ: «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ». وَإِنْ كَانَ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ بِهِ الْكُفَّارَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ ......","vol":"9","page":144},{"text":"١٢٦٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ \" يَسْأَلُهُمَا عَنْ مِيرَاثِ الْمُرْتَدِّ، فَقَالَا: لَبَيْتِ الْمَالِ \".\n\n١٢٦٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِيَانِ أَنَّهُ فَيْءٌ.\n\n١٢٦٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرِوَايَةُ مَنْ رَوَى فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ: «لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ» غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظَةٍ، وَرِوَايَةُ الْحُفَّاظِ مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرٍو الْقَطَّانِ جَمِيعًا فِي حَدِيثٍ وَاحِدٍ.\n\n١٢٦٤٨ - فَمَنِ ادَّعَى كَوْنَ قَوْلِهِ: «لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ»، هُوَ الْأَصْلُ، وَمَا رُوِّينَاهُ مَنْقُولًا عَلَى الْمَعْنَى، فَلِسُوءِ مَعْرِفَتِهِ بِالْأَسَانِيدِ، وَلِمَيْلِهِ إِلَى الْهَوَى، فَرُوَاةُ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ حُفَّاظٌ أَثْبَاتٌ.\n\n١٢٦٤٩ - وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ فِي رِوَايَاتِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ إِذَا لَمْ يَنْضَمَّ إِلَيْهَا مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ، وَانْفَرَدَ مَنْ رَوَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ، وَرِوَايَةُ الْحُفَّاظِ بِخِلَافِ رِوَايَتِهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.\n\n١٢٦٥٠ - وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَدْ حَكَمَ الْحُفَّاظُ بِكَوْنِهِ غَلَطًا، وَبِأَنَّ هُشَيْمًا لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَرِوَايَتُهُ عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ ......","vol":"9","page":145},{"text":"١٢٦٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ ⦗١٤٦⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ».\n\n١٢٦٥٢ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَقَالَ: لَمْ يَحْفَظْ.\n\n١٢٦٥٣ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَنَظَرْنَا، فَإِذَا هُشَيْمٌ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ الْحَدِيثَ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ ......","vol":"9","page":145},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-889>بَابُ الْمُشَرَّكَةِ </span>......","vol":"9","page":147},{"text":"١٢٦٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قُلْنَا فِي الْمُشَرَّكَةِ، زَوْجٍ، وَأُمٍّ، وَأَخَوَيْنِ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، وَأَخَوَيْنِ لِأُمٍّ، فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ، وَلِلْأَخَوَيْنِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ، وَيَشْرَكُهُمْ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَبَ لَمَّا سَقَطَ حُكْمَهُ صَارُوا بَنِي أُمٍّ مَعًا \" ⦗١٤٨⦘.\n\n١٢٦٥٥ - وَحَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ......","vol":"9","page":147},{"text":"١٢٦٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سِمَاكَ بْنَ الْفَضْلِ الْخَوْلَانِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَشْرَكَ الْأُخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ مَعَ الْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فِي الثُّلُثِ»، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: لَقَدْ قَضَيْتَ عَامَ أَوَّلَ بِغَيْرِ هَذَا. قَالَ: كَيْفَ قَضَيْتُ. قَالَ: «جَعَلْتَهُ لِلْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ، وَلَمْ تَجْعَلْ لِلْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ شَيْئًا» قَالَ: «تِلْكَ عَلَى مَا قَضَيْنَا، وَهَذَهِ عَلَى مَا قَضَيْنَا» ......","vol":"9","page":148},{"text":"١٢٦٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، وَالْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَزَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: «لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ، وَأَشْرِكُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَالْأُخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فِي الثُّلُثِ»، وَقَالُوا: مَا زَادَهُمُ الْأَبُ إِلَّا قُرْبًا \" ......","vol":"9","page":148},{"text":"١٢٦٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، «أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ شَرَّكَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَأَنَّ عَلِيًّا لَمْ يُشَرِّكْ بَيْنَهُمْ» ......","vol":"9","page":148},{"text":"١٢٦٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، «أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ شَرَّكَ» ⦗١٤٩⦘.\n\n١٢٦٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ يُشَرِّكُ، وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ، وَيَقُولُونَ: لَا يُشَرِّكْ\n\n١٢٦٦١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُشَرِّكْ ......","vol":"9","page":148},{"text":"١٢٦٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنْ هُزَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُشَرِّكْ».\n\n١٢٦٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُشَرِّكْ،\n\n١٢٦٦٤ - وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةٌ ضَعِيفَةٌ،\n\n١٢٦٦٥ - وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَوَهْبٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ زَيْدٍ أَنَّهُ شَرَّكَ بَيْنَهُمْ،\n\n١٢٦٦٦ - وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُشَرِّكْ\n\n١٢٦٦٧ - وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ رَجَعَ إِلَى التَّشْرِيكِ\n\n١٢٦٦٨ - وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ أَعْرَفُ بِمَذْهَبِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ.\n\n١٢٦٦٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ شَرَّكَ ......","vol":"9","page":149},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-890>بَابُ مِيرَاثِ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ </span>......","vol":"9","page":150},{"text":"١٢٦٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَقُلْنَا: «إِذَا مَاتَ وَلَدُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ، وَوَلَدُ الزِّنَا، وَرِثَتْ أُمُّهُ حَقَّهَا فِي كِتَابِ ⦗١٥١⦘ اللَّهِ ﷿، وَإِخْوَتُهُ لِأُمِّهِ حُقُوقَهُمْ، وَنَظَرْنَا مَا بَقِيَ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ مَوْلَاةً عَتَاقَهُ كَانَ مَا بَقِيَ مِيرِاثًا لِمَوَالِي أُمِّهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَرَبِيَّةً أَوْ لَا وَلَاءَ لَهَا، كَانَ مَا بَقِيَ مِيرَاثًا لِجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ».\n\n١٢٦٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا، فَأَنْكَرَ حَمْلَهَا، فَكَانَ ابْنُهَا يُدْعَى إِلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ، أَنْ يَرِثَهَا وَتَرِثُ مِنْهُ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لَهَا ......","vol":"9","page":150},{"text":"١٢٦٧٢ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «اقْسِمُوا الْمَالَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ» ......","vol":"9","page":151},{"text":"١٢٦٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَقَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ زَيْدًا قَالَ: «لِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ، وَلِأَخِيهِ السُّدُسُ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِبَيْتِ الْمَالِ»\n\n١٢٦٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ ح.\n\n١٢٦٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَذَكَرَاهُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ⦗١٥٢⦘.\n\n١٢٦٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ نَحْوَ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ.\n\n١٢٦٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ بِقَوْلِنَا فِيهَا إِلَّا فِي خَصْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، إِذَا كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ عَرَبِيَّةً أَوْ لَا وَلَاءَ لَهَا رَدُّوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ عَلَى عَصَبَةِ أُمِّهِ، وَقَالُوا: عَصَبَةُ أُمِّهِ عَصَبَتُهُ، وَاحْتَجُّوا فِيهِ بِرِوَايَةٍ لَيْسَتْ بِثَابِتَةٍ، وَأُخْرَى لَيْسَتْ يَقُومُ بِهَا حُجَّةٌ ......","vol":"9","page":151},{"text":"١٢٦٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الرِّوَايَةُ الَّتِي لَيْسَتْ بِثَابِتَةٍ، أَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ بْنِ رُؤْبَةَ التَّغْلَبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّصْرِيِّ، عَنْ وَاثِلَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْقَعِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْمَرْأَةُ تُحْرِزُ ثَلَاثَةَ مَوَارِيثَ، عَتِيقَهَا، وَلَقِيطَهَا، وَوَلَدَهَا الَّذِي لَاعَنَتْ عَلَيْهِ».\n\n١٢٦٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الطُّوسِيُّ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ رُؤْبَةَ التَّغْلِبِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُوسَى الرَّازِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ⦗١٥٣⦘.\n\n١٢٦٨٠ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: عُمَرُ بْنُ رُؤْبَةَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ النَّصْرِيِّ، فِيهِ نَظَرٌ.\n\n١٢٦٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَلَمْ يُثْبِتِ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَلَا مُسْلِمٌ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِجَهَالَةِ بَعْضِ رُوَاتِهِ ......","vol":"9","page":152},{"text":"١٢٦٨٢ - وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ الَّتِي لَيْسَتْ مِمَّا تَقُومُ بِهَا الْحُجَّةُ، فَأَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ مَكْحُولٍ، قَالَ:  «جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِيرَاثَ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ لِأُمِّهِ وَلِوَرَثَتِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهَا».\n\n١٢٦٨٣ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٢٦٨٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عِيسَى بْنُ مُوسَى أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ وَلَيْسَ بالْمَشْهُورِ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ......","vol":"9","page":153},{"text":"١٢٦٨٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَخٍ لِي مِنْ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ: لِمَنْ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِوَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: \" قَضَى بِهِ لِأُمِّهِ قَالَ: «هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَبِيهِ، وَمَنْزِلَةِ أُمِّهِ» ......","vol":"9","page":153},{"text":"١٢٦٨٦ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «وَلَدُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ عَصَبَتُهُ عَصَبَةُ أُمِّهِ» ⦗١٥٤⦘.\n\n١٢٦٨٧ - وَهَذَا وَالَّذِي قَبْلَهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَلَفْظُهُ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ، وَجَبَ الْمَصِيرُ إِلَيْهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَسَانِيدَهُ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ......","vol":"9","page":153},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-891>بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْمَجُوسِ </span>......","vol":"9","page":155},{"text":"١٢٦٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَقُلْنَا: «إِذَا أَسْلَمَ الْمَجُوسِيُّ، وَابْنَةُ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ أُمِّهِ، نَظَرْنَا إِلَى أَعْظَمِ النَّسَبَيْنِ فَوَرَّثْنَاهَا بِهِ، وَأَلْقَيْنَا الْآخَرَ، وَأَعْظَمُهَا أَثْبَتُهُمَا بِكُلِّ حَالٍ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُمٌّ أُخْتًا وَرَّثْنَاهَا بِأَنَّهَا أُمٌّ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْأُمَّ قَدْ تَثْبُتُ فِي كُلِّ حَالٍ، وَالْأُخْتُ قَدْ تَزُولُ، وَهَكَذَا جَمِيعُ فَرَائِضِهِمْ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْمَنَازِلِ».\n\n١٢٦٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ يَرِثُ بِأَدْنَى الْأَمْرَيْنِ، وَلَا يَرِثُ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ.\n\n١٢٦٩٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُوَرِّثُهُ مِنَ الْوَجْهَيْنِ.\n\n١٢٦٩١ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ\n\n١٢٦٩٢ - وَالرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَزَيْدٍ ضَعِيفَةٌ ......","vol":"9","page":155},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-892>مِيرَاثُ الْخُنْثَى </span>......","vol":"9","page":156},{"text":"١٢٦٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْخُنْثَى: «يَرِثُ وَيُوَرِّثُ مِنْ حَيْثُ يَبُولُ».\n\n١٢٦٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ......","vol":"9","page":157},{"text":"١٢٦٩٥ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مُسْنَدٌ ضَعِيفٌ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ قُبُلٌ وَدُبُرٌ قَالَ:  «يُوَرَّثُ مِنْ حَيْثِ يَبُولُ».\n\n١٢٦٩٦ - الْكَلْبِيُّ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَلَا بِأَبِي صَالِحٍ هَذَا ......","vol":"9","page":157},{"text":"١٢٦٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ زِيَادًا أَوِ ابْنَ زِيَادٍ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْخُنْثَى، فَقَالَ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: «يُوَرَّثُ مِنْ أَيِّهِمَا بَالَ» قَالَ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَإِذَا بَالَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا، وَرِثَ مِنْ أَيِّهِمَا سَبَقَ» ......","vol":"9","page":157},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-893>بَابُ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَالرَّدِّ </span>......","vol":"9","page":158},{"text":"١٢٦٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْ مَا جَاءَ عَنِ السَّلَفِ انْتَهَيْنَا بِهِ إِلَى فَرِيضَتِهِ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ شَيْءٌ لَمْ نَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عَلَيْنَا شَيْئَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنْ لَا نُنْقِصَهُ مِمَّا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ، وَالْآخَرُ: أَنْ لَا نَزِيدَهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَالِانْتِهَاءُ إِلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ هَكَذَا \".\n\n١٢٦٩٩ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: نَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَالِ مَنْ يَسْتَغْرِقُهُ، وَكَانَ مِنْ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ، وَلَا نَرُدَّهُ عَلَى زَوْجٍ، وَلَا زَوْجَةٍ.\n\n١٢٧٠٠ - وَقَالُوا: رُوِّينَا قَوْلَنَا هَذَا عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٢٧٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ، أَنْتُمْ تَتْرُكُونَ مَا تَرْوُونَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي أَكْثَرِ الْفَرَائِضِ، لِقَوْلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، فَكَيْفَ لَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا فِيمَا تَتْرُكُونَ؟ قَالُوا: إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﵎: وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ. فَقُلْنَا: مَعْنَاهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا ذَهَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ عَلَى مَا ذَهَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ كُنْتُمْ قَدْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا. قَالُوا: فَمَا مَعْنَاهَا؟. قُلْنَا: تَوَارَثَ النَّاسُ بِالْحَلِفِ وَالنُّصْرَةِ، ثُمَّ تَوَارَثُوا بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَالْهِجْرَةِ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ ذَلِكَ، فَنَزَلَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ ⦗١٦١⦘\n\n١٢٧٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ.\n\n١٢٧٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَنَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ: وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَعْنَى مَا فَرَضَهُ اللَّهُ، وَبَيَّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا مُطْلَقًا هَكَذَا، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ الزَّوْجَ يَرِثُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَرِثُ ذَوو الْأَرْحَامِ، وَلَا رَحِمَ لَهُ؟ أَوَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ ابْنَ الْعَمِّ الْبَعِيدَ يَرِثُ الْمَالَ كُلَّهُ، وَلَا يَرِثُ الْخَالُ، وَالْخَالُ أَقْرَبُ رَحِمًا مِنْهُ، فَإِنَّمَا مَعْنَاهَا عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ مِنْ أَنَّهَا عَلَى مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ، وَسَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٧٠٤ - قَالَ: وَأَنْتُمْ تَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَتَوَارَثُونَ بِالرَّحِمِ، وَتَقُولُونَ خِلَافَهُ، تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ أَخْوَالَهُ، وَمَوَالِيَهُ، فَمَالُهُ لِمَوَالِيهِ دُونَ أَخْوَالِهِ، فَقَدْ مَنَعْتَ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ الَّذِينَ قَدْ تُعْطِيهِمْ فِي حَالٍ، وَأُعْطِيتَ الْمَوْلَى الَّذِي لَا رَحِمَ لَهُ الْمَالَ\n\n١٢٧٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فِي تَوْرِيثِ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ قَدَّمَ تَوْرِيثَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَوْلَى، وَهُمْ يُقَدِّمُونَ الْمَوْلَى ......","vol":"9","page":160},{"text":"١٢٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: «كَانَ عُمَرُ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُوَرِّثَانِ الْأَرْحَامَ دُونَ الْمَوَالِي»\n\n١٢٧٠٧ - قَالَ: «وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ أَشَدَّهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ».\n\n١٢٧٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، يَقُولُونَ: إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُ فَرَائِضَ مُسَمَّاةٍ، وَلَا عَصَبَةً وَرَّثْنَا الْمَوَالِيَ ⦗١٦٢⦘\n\n١٢٧٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فُضَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ ......","vol":"9","page":161},{"text":"١٢٧١٠ - وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ حَيَّانَ الْجُعْفِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ، فَأُتِيَ فِي ابْنَةٍ وَامْرَأَةٍ وَمَوْلًى، فَقَالَ: «كَانَ عَلِيٌّ يُعْطِي الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ، وَالْمَرْأَةَ الثُّمُنَ، وَيَرُدُّ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى الِابْنَةِ».\n\n١٢٧١١ - فَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةٌ مَوْصُولَةٌ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، بِخِلَافِ مَا قَالُوا،\n\n١٢٧١٢ - وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، بِخِلَافِ مَا قَالُوا ......","vol":"9","page":162},{"text":"١٢٧١٣ - وَإِنَّمَا رُوِيَ مِثْلُ مَذْهَبِهِمْ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ قَطَرٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَعَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ الْمَرْأَةَ الَّتِي وَرَّثَهَا عَلِيٌّ، فَأَعْطَى الِابْنَةَ نِصْفًا، وَالْمَوَالِيَ النِّصْفَ».\n\n١٢٧١٤ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتُ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ وَمُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَالرِّوَايَةُ الْمَوْصُولَةُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ فِي زَعْمِهِمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَذْهَبِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، فَقَدْ خَالَفُوا زَيْدًا، وَخَالَفُوا الْبَدْرِيِّينَ فِيمَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الرَّدِّ، وَتَوْرِيثُ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَعَ الْمَوَالِي ......","vol":"9","page":162},{"text":"١٢٧١٥ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدَّادٍ فِي عَتِيقِ ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ حِينَ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ، «فَأَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ابْنَتَهُ النِّصْفَ، وَابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ النِّصْفَ». حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ ⦗١٦٣⦘.\n\n١٢٧١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَاحْتَجَّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِشَيْءٍ رُوِيَ فِي ثَابِتِ بْنِ الدَّحْدَاحَةِ ......","vol":"9","page":162},{"text":"١٢٧١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ وَاسِعِ بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الدَّحْدَاحِ وَتُوُفِّيَ: «هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ لَهُ نَسَبًا فِيكُمْ؟». فَقَالَ: «لَا، إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَتَى فِينَا، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِيرَاثِهِ لِابْنِ أُخْتِهِ».\n\n١٢٧١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ وَاسِعِ بْنِ حِبَّانَ، رَفَعَهُ.\n\n١٢٧١٩ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٢٧٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ثَابِتُ بْنُ الدَّحْدَاحِ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ الْفَرَائِضُ\n\n١٢٧٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَتْلُهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ\n\n١٢٧٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ فِيمَا يُثْبِتُ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي بَنَاتِ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، وَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ\n\n١٢٧٢٣ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ بَعْدَ أُحُدٍ فِي بَنَاتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ.\n\n١٢٧٢٤ - وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ بَعْدَ أَمْرِ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الدَّحْدَاحَةِ ......","vol":"9","page":163},{"text":"١٢٧٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّمَا يَرِثُنِي كَلَالَةً، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ، يَعْنِي الَّتِي فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ \".\n\n١٢٧٢٦ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا بَعْدَ أَنْ قُتِلَ أَبُوهُ شَهِيدًا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَتَرَكَ بَنَاتٍ لَهُ هُنَّ أَخَوَاتُ جَابِرٍ ......","vol":"9","page":164},{"text":"١٢٧٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ جَابِرٍ «فِي امْرَأَةِ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، حِينَ جَاءَتْ بِابْنَتِهَا مِنْ سَعْدٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَشَكَتْ إِلَيْهِ أَخْذَ عَمِّهَا مَالَهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ آيَةَ الْمَوَارِيثِ».\n\n١٢٧٢٨ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ ......","vol":"9","page":164},{"text":"١٢٧٢٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْمِقْدَامِ الْكِنْدِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَا وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ، أَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَأَرِثُهُ، وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ، يَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَرِثُهُ».\n\n١٢٧٣٠ - فَقَدْ كَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يُضَعِّفُهُ، وَيَقُولُ: لَيْسَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ قَوِيُّ ..","vol":"9","page":164},{"text":"١٢٧٣١ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ فِي غُلَامٍ لَا يُعْلَمُ لَهُ أَصْلٌ، أَصَابَهُ سَهْمٌ فَقَتَلَهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ، وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ».\n\n١٢٧٣٢ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ وَمُنْقَطِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا ⦗١٦٥⦘.\n\n١٢٧٣٣ - وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَوْقُوفًا وَمَرْفُوعًا، وَرَفْعُهُ ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n١٢٧٣٤ - وَقَدْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّ الْخَالَ الَّذِي لَا يَكُونُ ابْنَ عَمٍّ أَوْ مَوْلًى لَا يَعْقِلُ بِالْخُؤُولَةِ، فَخَالَفُوا الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي احْتَجُّوا بِهِ فِي الْعَقْلِ.\n\n١٢٧٣٥ - فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي وَقْتٍ كَانَ يَعْقِلُ بِالْخُؤُولَةِ، ثُمَّ صَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٢٧٣٦ - أَوْ أَرَادَ خَالًا يَعْقِلُ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنَ عَمٍّ أَوْ مَوْلًى أَوِ اخْتَارَ وَضْعَ مَالِهِ فِيهِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ سِوَاهُ ......","vol":"9","page":164},{"text":"١٢٧٣٧ - كَمَا رُوِيَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَقَعَ مِنْ نَخْلَةٍ فَمَاتَ وَتَرَكَ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يَدَعْ وَلَدًا، وَلَا حَمِيمًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «أَعْطُوا مِيرَاثَهُ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِهِ» ......","vol":"9","page":165},{"text":"١٢٧٣٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بُرَيْدَةَ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ تُوُفِّيَ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُ وَارِثًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «ادْفَعُوهُ إِلَى أَكْبَرِ خُزَاعَةَ» ......","vol":"9","page":165},{"text":"١٢٧٣٩ - وَعَنْ عَوْسَجَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ «فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ إِلَّا عَبْدًا لَهُ هُوَ أَعْتَقَهُ، فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِيرَاثَهُ».\n\n١٢٧٤٠ - فَكَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا صَارَ أَمْرُهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ أَنْ يَضَعَهُ فِي رَحِمِهِ، كَمَا رَأَى فِي هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ وَضْعَهُ فِيمَنْ لَا يَسْتَحِقُّ الْمِيرَاثَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٢٧٤١ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي تَوْرِيثِ الْعَمَّةِ الثُّلُثَ، وَالْخَالَةِ الثُّلُثَ، فَإِنَّمَا رُوِيَ بِأَسَانِيدَ مُنْقَطِعَةٍ، وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ الْمَدَنِيُّونَ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ بِرَاوِيَةٍ مَوْصُولَةٍ، وَأُخْرَى مُرْسَلَةٍ ......","vol":"9","page":166},{"text":"١٢٧٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ الزُّرَقِيِّ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ مَوْلًى لِقُرَيْشٍ كَانَ قَدِيمًا يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ مَرْسَا قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ، قَالَ: «يَا يَرْفَأُ، هَلُمَّ الْكِتَابَ»، لِكِتَابٍ كَانَ كَتَبَهُ فِي شَأْنِ الْعَمَّةِ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهَا وَيَسْتَخِيرُ فِيهَا، فَأَتَاهُ بِهِ يَرْفَأُ فَدَعَى بِتَوْرٍ أَوْ قَدَحٍ فِيهِ الْمَاءُ، فَمَحَى ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لَوْ رَضِيَكِ اللَّهُ لَأَقَرَّكِ، لَوْ رَضِيَكِ اللَّهُ لَأَقَرَّكِ» ......","vol":"9","page":166},{"text":"١٢٧٤٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَاهَ، كَثِيرًا يَقُولُ: \" كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَقُولُ: «عَجَبًا لِلْعَمَّةِ، تُورَثُ وَلَا تَرِثُ»\n\n١٢٧٤٤ - هَكَذَا أَوْرَدَهُمَا مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، وَرَوَاهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا ......","vol":"9","page":166},{"text":"١٢٧٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ:  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَكِبَ إِلَى قُبَاءَ يَسْتَخِيرُ اللَّهَ فِي مِيرَاثِ الْعَمَّةِ وَالْخَالَةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُمَا».\n\n١٢٧٤٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْجَمَاهِرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ.\n\n١٢٧٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ ......","vol":"9","page":167},{"text":"١٢٧٤٨ - وَهَذَا نَظِيرُ مَا رُوِيَ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ، فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ» ......","vol":"9","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-894>٢٠ - كِتَابُ الْوَصَايَا</span>","vol":"9","page":169},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-895>مَا نُسِخَ مِنَ الْوَصَايَا </span>......","vol":"9","page":171},{"text":"١٢٧٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٠] وَقَالَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٠].\n\n١٢٧٥٠ - قَالَ: «وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِيرَاثَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ، وَمَنْ يَرِثُ بَعْدَهُمَا وَمَعَهُمَا مِنَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ، وَمِيرَاثَ الزَّوْجِ مِنْ زَوْجَتِهِ، وَالزَّوْجَةِ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ احْتِمَالَ ثُبُوتِ الْوَصِيَّةِ مَعَ الْمِيرَاثِ، وَاحْتِمَالَ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْمَوَارِيثُ نَاسِخًا لِلْوَصَايَا» ......","vol":"9","page":172},{"text":"١٢٧٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَوَجَدْنَا أَهْلَ الْفُتْيَا، وَمَنْ حَفِظْنَا عَنْهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ لَا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ: «لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ». وَلَا يَرْوونَهُ إِلَّا عَمَّنْ حَفِظُوهُ عَنْهُ مِمَّنْ لَقَوْا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي، فَكَانَ هَذَا نَقْلَ عَامَّةٍ عَنْ عَامَّةٍ، وَكَانَ أَقْوَى فِي بَعْضِ الْأَمْرَيْنِ نَقْلُ وَاحِدٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ وَجَدْنَا أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ عَلَيْهِ مُجْتَمِعِينَ \".\n\n١٢٧٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى بَعْضُ الشَّامِيِّينَ، حَدِيثًا لَيْسَ مِمَّا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ فَإِنَّ بَعْضَ رِجَالِهِ مَجْهُولُونَ ......","vol":"9","page":172},{"text":"١٢٧٥٣ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ: حَدَّثَنَا شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ، سَمِعَ أَبَا أُمَامَةَ، يَقُولُ: شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «قَدْ أُعْطِيَ كُلُّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ، فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٧٥٤ - وَحَدِيثُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الشَّامِيِّينَ، لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.\n\n١٢٧٥٥ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَارِجَةَ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى ......","vol":"9","page":173},{"text":"١٢٧٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ».\n\n١٢٧٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَاسْتَدْلَلْنَا بِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ عَامَّةِ نَقْلِ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي، عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَوَارِيثَ نَاسِخَةٌ الْوَصِيَّةَ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ، وَالزَّوْجَةِ، مَعَ الْخَبَرِ الْمُنْقَطِعِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَإِجْمَاعِ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ بِهِ ......","vol":"9","page":173},{"text":"١٢٧٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «نَسَخَتْ آيَةُ الْمَوَارِيثِ الْوَصِيَّةَ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ».\n\n١٢٧٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ أَكْثَرُ الْعُلَمَاءِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ طَاوُسًا، وَقَلِيلًا مَعَهُ قَالُوا: نُسِخَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ، وَمَنْ يَرِثُ، وَثَبَتَتْ لِلْقَرَابَةِ غَيْرِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ، فَمَنْ أَوْصَى لِغَيْرِ قَرَابَةٍ لَمْ تَجُزْ ......","vol":"9","page":174},{"text":"١٢٧٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ الْوَصَايَا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ.\n\n١٢٧٦١ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا حَكَاهُ فِي الرِّسَالَةِ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ طَاوُسٍ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ.\n\n١٢٧٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ كَانَتْ قَبْلَ الْمِيرَاثِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ الْمِيرَاثُ نَسَخَ مَنْ يَرِثُ، وَبَقِيَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِمَنْ لَا يَرِثُ فَهِيَ ثَابِتَةٌ، فَمَنْ أَوْصَى لِغَيْرِ ذِي قَرَابَةٍ لَمْ تَجُزْ وَصِيَّتُهُ».\n\n١٢٧٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَلَمَّا احْتَمَلَتِ الْآيَةُ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ طَاوُسٌ، وَجَبَ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ طَلَبُ الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا قَالَ طَاوُسٌ، أَوْ مُوَافَقَتِهِ ......","vol":"9","page":174},{"text":"١٢٧٦٤ - «فَوَجَدْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَكَمَ فِي سِتَّةِ مَمْلُوكِينَ كَانُوا لِرَجُلٍ، لَا مَالَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ، فَجَزَّأَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ، وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً». أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٢٧٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَتْ دَلَالَةُ السُّنَّةِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بَيِّنَةً بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْزَلَ عِتْقَهُمْ فِي الْمَرَضِ وَصِيَّةً، وَالَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، وَالْعَرَبِيُّ إِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُ مَنْ لَا قَرَابَةَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ مِنَ الْعَجَمِ، فَأَجَازَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهُمُ الْوَصِيَّةَ.\n\n١٢٧٦٦ - فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ لَوْ كَانَتْ تَبْطُلُ لِغَيْرِ قَرَابَةٍ، بَطَلَتْ لِلْعَبِيدِ الْمُعْتَقِينَ ......","vol":"9","page":175},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-896>تَبْدِيَةُ الدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ </span>......","vol":"9","page":176},{"text":"١٢٧٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِي غَيْرِ آيَةٍ مِنْ قِسْمِ الْمَوَارِيثِ: ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ [النساء: ١٢]،\n\n١٢٧٦٨ - وَ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ [النساء: ١٢]\n\n١٢٧٦٩ - فَكَانَ ظَاهِرُ الْآيَةِ الْمَعْقُولُ فِيهِمَا، مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ، إِنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ دَيْنٌ \".\n\n١٢٧٧٠ - قَالَ: فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ خِلَافٌ عَلِمْتُهُ فِي أَنَّ ذَا الدَّيْنِ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِ الرَّجُلِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ بِمَا لَهُ مِنْهُ، حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ دَيْنَهُ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْمِيرَاثِ، إِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُونَ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ مَا كَانَ الْمَيِّتُ أَمْلَكَ بِهِ، كَانَ بَيِّنًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي حُكْمِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٢٧٧١ - ثُمَّ مَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ: أَنَّ الدَّيْنَ مُبَدًّى عَلَى الْوَصَايَا، وَالْمِيرَاثِ.\n\n١٢٧٧٢ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي، تَبْدِيَةِ الدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ حَدِيثٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ مِثْلَهُ ......","vol":"9","page":176},{"text":"١٢٧٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ».\n\n١٢٧٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا امْتَنَعُوا مِنْ تَثْبِيتِهِ لِتَفَرُّدِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ بِرِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قَدْ طَعَنُوا فِي رِوَايَاتِهِ ......","vol":"9","page":176},{"text":"١٢٧٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حُجَيْرٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: كَيْفَ تَأْمُرُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ قَبْلَ الْحَجِّ؟ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]، فَقَالَ: «كَيْفَ تَقْرَءُونَ، الدَّيْنُ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ، أَوِ الْوَصِيَّةُ قَبْلَ الدَّيْنِ؟». قَالُوا: الْوَصِيَّةُ قَبْلَ الدَّيْنِ. قَالَ: «فَبِأَيِّهِمَا تَبْدَءُونَ؟» قَالُوا: بِالدَّيْنِ قَالَ: «فَهُوَ ذَلِكَ».\n\n١٢٧٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي أَنَّ التَّقْدِيمَ جَائِزٌ\n⦗١٧٨⦘\n\n[باب] الوصية بالثلث وأقل من الثلث\n\n١٢٧٧٧ - أخبرنا أبو إسحاق الفقيه أخبرنا أبو النضر أخبرنا أبو جعفر حدثنا المزني حدثنا الشافعي عن مالك عن ابن شهاب عن عامر بن سعد بن أبي وقاص عن أبيه أنه قال: جاءني رسول الله [ﷺ] يعودني عام حجة الوداع من وجع اشتد بي فقلت: يا رسول الله قد بلغني من الوجع ما ترى وأنا ذو مال لا يرثني إلا ابنة لي أفأتصدق بثلثي مالي؟ قال: «لا» فقلت فالشطر؟ قال: «لا» [ثم قال رسول الله [ﷺ]]: «الثلث والثلث كبير أو كثير إنك أن تدع ورثتك أغنياء خير من أن تدعهم عالة يتكففون الناس وإنك لن تنفق نفقة تبتغي بها وجه الله إلا أجرت بها حتى ما تجعله في فيّ امرأتك».\n[قال]: فقلت: يا رسول الله أأخلف بعد أصحابي؟\nقال: «إنك لن تخلف فتعمل عملًا صالحًا إلا ازددت به درجة ورفعة ولعلك إن تخلف حتى ينتفع بك أقوام ويضربك آخرون اللهم امض لأصحابي هجرتهم ولا تردهم على أعقابهم».\nلكن البائس سعد بن خولة يرثي له رسول [ﷺ] بمكة.\nأخرجه البخاري ومسلم في الصحيح من حديث مالك ⦗١٧٩⦘.\n\n١٢٧٧٨ - وبهذا الإسناد حدثنا المزني حدثنا الشافعي عن سفيان بن عيينة قال حدثني الزهري فذكره بإسناده نحوه إلا أنه قال: مرضت عام الفتح مرضًا أشرفت منه على الموت فأتاني رسول الله [ﷺ] يعودني وقال: «عملًا صالحًا تريد به وجه الله».\n\n١٢٧٧٩ - أخرجاه في الصحيح من حديث سفيان.\nوسفيان خالف الجماعة في قوله عام الفتح.\n\n١٢٧٨٠ - الصحيح رواية مالك وإبراهيم بن سعد ومعمر ويونس عن الزهري في حجة الوداع.\n\n١٢٧٨١ - أخبرنا أبو سعيد حدثنا أبو العباس أخبرنا الربيع قال قال الشافعي: قول النبي [ﷺ] لسعد أغنى عما قال من بعده في الوصايا وذلك أن بينًا في كلامه أنه إنما قصد اختيار أن يترك الوصي ورثته أغنياء فإن تركهم أغنياء أجزت له أن يستوعب الثلث.\n\n١٢٧٨٢ - قال: / وقول النبي [ﷺ] «الثلث والثلث كبير أو كثير».\nيحتمل الثلث غير قليل وهو أولى معانيه به لأنه لو كرهه لسعد لقال له غض منه.\n\n١٢٧٨٣ - أخبرنا أبو عبد الله الحافظ قال الحسين بن محمد فيما أخبرت عنه أخبرنا محمد بن سفيان حدثنا يونس بن عبد الأعلى قال قال لي الشافعي في قوله ﷿: ﴿وإذا حضر القسمة﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿وليخش الذين تركوا من خلفهم ذرية ضعافا خافوا عليهم فليتقوا الله وليقولوا قولًا سديدًا﴾\n⦗١٨٠⦘\n\n١٢٧٨٤ - قَالَ: قِسْمَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ، فَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ مَنْ حَضَرَ، فَلْيَحْضُرْ بِخَيْرٍ، وَلْيَخَفْ أَنْ يُحْضَرَ حِينَ يَخْلُفُ هُوَ أَيْضًا بِمَا حَضَرَ غَيْرَهُ ......","vol":"9","page":177},{"text":"١٢٧٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ثُمَّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: «أَنَّهَا فِي الرَّجُلِ يَحْضُرُ الرَّجُلَ عِنْدَهُ قَوْمُهُ، عِنْدَ الْوَصِيَّةِ، فَيَأْمُرُهُ بِالْوَصِيَّةِ، بِمَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ ضَرَرٌ عَلَى وَرَثَتِهِ».\n\n١٢٧٨٦ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَا، يَعْنِي مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ.\n\n١٢٧٨٧ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا﴾","vol":"9","page":180},{"text":"١٢٧٨٨ - فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّهَا مُحْكَمَةٌ غَيْرُ مَنْسُوخَةٍ».\n\n١٢٧٨٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ","vol":"9","page":180},{"text":"١٢٧٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: «هُمَا وَلِيَّانِ، وَلِيُّ يَرِثُ وَوَلِيُّ لَا يَرِثُ، فَأَمَّا الَّذِي يَرِثُ فَيُعْطَى، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي لَا يَرِثُ فَلْيَقُلْ مَعْرُوفًا».\n\n١٢٧٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗١٨١⦘، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ","vol":"9","page":180},{"text":"١٢٧٩٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي النُّعْمَانِ، عَارِمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" إِنَّ نَاسًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نُسِخَتْ، وَلَا وَاللَّهِ مَا نُسِخَتْ، وَلَكِنَّهَا مِمَّا تَهَاوَنَ النَّاسُ بِهَا، وَهُمَا وَالِيَانِ، وَالٍ يَرِثُ، وَذَاكَ الَّذِي يُرْزَقُ، وَوَالٍ لَا يَرِثُ، فَذَاكَ الَّذِي يَقُولُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، يَقُولُ: لَا أَمْلِكُ لَكَ أَنْ أُعْطِيَكَ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَازِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَارِمٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"9","page":181},{"text":"١٢٧٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: «أَنَّهُ قَسَمَ مِيرَاثَ أَبِيهِ، وَعَائِشَةُ حَيَّةٌ، فَلَمْ يَدَعْ فِي الدَّارِ مِسْكِينًا، وَلَا ذَا قَرَابَةٍ إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ أَبِيهِ، وَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ».\n\n١٢٧٩٤ - قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا أَصَابَ، لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ، وَإِنَّمَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ يُرِيدُ الْمَيِّتَ أَنْ يُوصِيَ».\n\n١٢٧٩٥ - وَحَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَتْ: «عَمِلَ بِالْكِتَابِ، هِيَ لَمْ تُنْسَخْ»","vol":"9","page":181},{"text":"١٢٧٩٦ - وَرَوَى دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ﴾ [النساء: ٨] قَالَ: قِسْمَةُ الثُّلُثِ \"\n⦗١٨٢⦘\n\n١٢٧٩٧ - وفي رواية أخرى قال: ذاك من الثلث عند الوصية.\n\n١٢٧٩٨ - وفي رواية أخرى قال: إذا مات الميت فقد وجب الميراث لأهله.\n\n١٢٧٩٩ - وروى قتادة عن سعيد بن المسيب أنه قال نسختها الفرائض.\n\n١٢٨٠٠ - وفي رواية أخرى: هي منسوخة.\n\n١٢٨٠١ - وقاله أيضًا عكرمة.\n\n١٢٨٠٢ - وقال أبو صالح: كانوا يرضخون (...) حتى نزلت الفرائض.\n\n١٢٨٠٣ - وقال الضحاك: هي منسوخة.\n\n١٢٨٠٤ - ويذكر عن عطاء أنه قال: هي منسوخة نسختها آية الميراث.\n\n١٢٨٠٥ - وكذا قال أبو مالك.\n\n١٢٨٠٦ - وفي حديث الكلبي عن أبي صالح عن ابن عباس في هذه الآية: كان يرخص للأولياء أن يرضخوا لهؤلاء إذا حضروا قسمة المواريث بالشيء ثم نسخ هذا بالوصية والمواريث وترك الرضخ لهم عند القسمة.\n\n١٢٨٠٧ - وقال في قوله: ﴿وليخش الذين لو تركوا من خلفهم ذرية ⦗١٨٣⦘ ضعافا خافوا عليهم﴾ كان الناس قبل هذه الآية إذا حضروا ميتًا قالوا له أوص لفلان بكذا ولفلان بكذا حتى يذهب عامة ماله وتبقى عياله بغير شيء فكره الله لهم ذلك فانتهى الناس بعد نزول هذه الآية وصارت الوصية إلى الثلث لا يزاد عليه.","vol":"9","page":181},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-897>الْوَصِيَّةُ وَتَرْكُ الْوَصِيَّةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":184},{"text":"١٢٨٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ ﵀، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ، إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ عِنْدَهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ» ⦗١٨٥⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"9","page":184},{"text":"١٢٨٠٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ يُوصِي بِالْوَصِيَّةِ، وَلَهُ مَالٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ لَيْلَتَانِ، إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ.\n\n١٢٨١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: يُحِبُّ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ جَعَلَ أَمْرَهُ ﷺ الرَّشِيدَ الْمُبَارَكَ الْمَحْمُودَ الْمَدْنَى وَالْعَاقِبَةَ.\n\n١٢٨١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ: أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ: «مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ. . . .» يَحْتَمِلُ مَا لِامْرِئٍ أَنْ يَبِيتَ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ.\n\n١٢٨١٢ - وَيَحْتَمِلُ: مَا الْمَعْرُوفُ فِي الْأَخْلَاقِ إِلَّا هَذَا، لَا مِنْ وَجْهِ الْفَرْضِ\n⦗١٨٦⦘\n\n[باب] الوصية فيما زاد على الثلث\n\n١٢٨١٣ - أخبرنا أبو سعيد حدثنا أبو العباس أخبرنا الربيع قال قال الشافعي: وسنة رسول الله [ﷺ] تدل على أن لا يجوز لأحد وصية إذا جاوز الثلث مما ترك فمن أوصى فجاوز الثلث ردت وصاياه كلها إلا الثلث إلا أن يتطوع الورثة فيجيزون له ذلك فيجوز بإعطائهم.\n\n١٢٨١٤ - قال أحمد قد مضى في هذا المعنى حديث عمران بن حصين في عتق المماليك.\nوروينا عن طلحة بن عمرو عن عطاء بن أبي رباح عن أبي هريرة عن رسول الله [ﷺ]:\n«إن الله أعطاكم عند وفاتكم ثلث أموالكم زيادة في أعمالكم» ⦗١٨٧⦘.\n\nأخبرناه أبو عبد الله الحافظ حدثنا أبو العباس - هو الأصم - حدثنا العباس بن محمد أخبرنا محمد بن عبيد حدثنا طلحة. فذكره.\n\n١٢٨١٥ - وطلحة بن عمرو غير قوي.\nإلا أنه قد روي بإسناد شامي عن معاذ بن جبل كذلك مرفوعًا.\n\n١٢٨١٦ - قال أحمد: وهكذا إذا أوصى لمن لا يجوز له الوصية من الورثة لم يجز إلا بإجازة سائر الورثة.\n\n١٢٨١٧ - وقد روينا عن عطاء الخراساني عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس وقيل: عن عطاء عن ابن عباس قال قال رسول الله [ﷺ]: «لا تجوز الوصية لوارث إلا أن يشاء الورثة».\n\n١٢٨١٨ - وروي ذلك عن عمرو بن شعيب عن أبيه عن جده مرفوعًا\n\n١٢٨١٩ - وليسا بالقويين.","vol":"9","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-898>الْوَصِيَّةُ بِالْعِتْقِ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ الْإِكْثَارَ مَعَ الِاسْتِرْخَاصِ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ الِاسْتِطْرَادَ</span>","vol":"9","page":188},{"text":"١٢٨٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِكْثَارُهَا، وَاسْتِرْخَاصُهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً، أَعْتَقَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهَا عُضْوًا مِنْهُ مِنَ النَّارِ» وَيَزِيدُ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «حَتَّى الْفَرْجَ بِالْفَرْجِ»","vol":"9","page":188},{"text":"١٢٨٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدُ بْنُ قَطَنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي غَسَّانَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ ابْنِ مَرْجَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً، أَعْتَقَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهَا عُضْوًا مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ، حَتَّى فَرْجَهُ بِفَرْجِهِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ رُشَيْدٍ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ رُشَيْدٍ","vol":"9","page":188},{"text":"١٢٨٢٢ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرِّقَابِ، أَيُّهَا أَفْضَلُ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَكْبَرُهَا ثَمَنًا، وَأَنْفَسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا»\n\n١٢٨٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: «أَغْلَاهَا ثَمَنًا، وَأَنْفُسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا».\n\n١٢٨٢٤ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ.\n\n١٢٨٢٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُرَاوِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا.\n\n١٢٨٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ مُخَرَّجٍ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ.\n\n١٢٨٢٧ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ: لِمَا جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبِأَنَّهُ تَقَرَّبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِإِخْرَاجِ بَعْضِ مَالِهِ، فَكُلُّ مَا كَثُرَ ثَمَنُهُ، فَهُوَ أَكْثَرُ لِتَقَرُّبِهِ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ.\n\n١٢٨٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَإِذَا أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، أُعْطِيَهُ مَنْ أَرَادَ الْغَزْوَ.\n\n١٢٨٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَبِهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَحَدِيثُ أُمِّ مَعْقِلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْجَمَلِ الَّذِي أَوْصَى بِهِ أَبُو مَعْقِلٍ ⦗١٩٠⦘ في سبيل الله وهلك فقال النبي [ﷺ]: «فهلا خرجت عليه فإن الحج من سبيل الله».\n\n١٢٨٣٠ - تفرد بوصل حديثها محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار عن عيسى بن معقل بن أبي معقل عن يوسف بن عبد الله بن سلام عن أم معقل.\n\n١٢٨٣١ - وروي ذلك في حديث بكر بن عبد الله عن ابن عباس في امرأة قالت لزوجها أحجني على جملك فلان فقال: ذلك حبيس في سبيل الله وإنه أتى رسول الله [ﷺ] فذكر ذلك له فقال: «أما إنك لو أحججتها عليه كان في سبيل الله».\n\n١٢٨٣٢ - غير أن هذا يخالف الأول في بعض القصة.\n\n١٢٨٣٣ - وقد أعرض عنها البخاري ومسلم فلم يخرجاهما في الصحيح والله أعلم.\n\n١٢٨٣٤ - وروي عن ابن عمر أنه كان يذهب إلى مثل هذا.\n\n١٢٨٣٥ - أخبرنا أبو سعيد حدثنا أبو العباس أخبرنا الربيع قال قال الشافعي ﵀: وإذا قال الرجل ثلث مالي إلى فلان يضعه حيث أراه الله فليس له أن يأخذ لنفسه منه شيئًا.\n\n١٢٨٣٦ - ثم ساق الكلام إلى أن قال: واختار للموصي إليه أن يعطيه أهل الحاجة من قرابة الميت حتى يغني كل واحد منهم دون غيرهم.\n\n١٢٨٣٧ - ثم ساق الكلام إلى أن قال: وأحب له ⦗١٩١⦘ إن كان له رضعًا أن يعطيهم دون جيرانه لأن حرمة الرضاع تقابل حرمة النسب.\nثم أحب له أن يعطي جيرانه الأقرب منهم فالأقرب وأقصى الجوار منتهى أربعين دارًا من كل ناحية.\nثم أحب له أن يعطيه أفقر من يجد وأشده تعففًا واستتارا.\n\n١٢٨٣٨ - قال أحمد: قد روينا في الحديث الثابت عن أنس بن مالك في قصة أبي طلحة وقوله للنبي [ﷺ]: إن أحب أموالي إليّ بيرحاء وإنها صدقة أرجو برها وذخرها عند الله فضعها يا رسول الله حيث أراك الله.\nفقال رسول الله [ﷺ]: «إني أرى أن تجعلها في الأقربين».\n\n١٢٨٣٩ - وفي رواية أخرى: «اجعلها في فقراء قرابتك».\n\n١٢٨٤٠ - وروينا عن عائشة قالت يا رسول الله إن لي جارتين فإلى أيهما أهدي؟ قال: «إلى أقربهما منك بابًا».\n\n١٢٨٤١ - وروى أبو داود في المراسيل عن إبراهيم بن مروان الدمشقي عن أبيه عن هقل بن زياد عن الأوزاعي عن يونس عن ابن شهاب قال قال رسول الله [ﷺ]: «أربعين دارًا جارًا».\nقال فقلت لابن شهاب وكيف أربعين دارًا؟\nقال: أربعين عن يمينه وعن يساره وخلفه وبين يديه.\nأخبرناه أبو بكر محمد بن محمد الطوسي أخبرنا أبو الحسين النسوي حدثنا أبو علي اللؤلؤي حدثنا أبو داود فذكره ⦗١٩٢⦘.\n\n١٢٨٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ فِي ذَلِكَ بِإِسْنَادَيْنِ غَيْرِ قَوِيَّيْنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"9","page":189},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-899>نِكَاحُ الْمَرِيضِ</span>","vol":"9","page":193},{"text":"١٢٨٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَتِ ابْنَةُ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ فَطَلَّقَهَا طَلْقَةً، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ تَزَوَّجَهَا، فَحُدِّثَ أَنَّهَا عَاقِرٌ لَا تَلِدُ، فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا، فَمَكَثَتْ حَيَاةَ عُمَرَ، وَبَعْضَ خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ، لِتُشْرِكَ نِسَاءَهُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ، وَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ»","vol":"9","page":193},{"text":"١٢٨٤٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنَ خَالِدٍ يَقُولُ:  «أَرَادَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنُ أُمِّ الْحَكَمِ فِي شَكْوَاهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ امْرَأَتَهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا، فَأَبَتْ، فَنَكَحَ عَلَيْهَا ثَلَاثَ نِسْوَةٍ، وَأَصْدَقَهُنَّ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ، فَأَجَازَ ذَلِكَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَشَرَّكَ بَيْنَهُنَّ فِي الثُّمُنِ».\n\n١٢٨٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَرَى ذَلِكَ صَدَاقَ مِثْلِهِنَّ","vol":"9","page":193},{"text":"١٢٨٤٦ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنِي، أَنَّ ⦗١٩٤⦘ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ: «زَوِّجُونِي، لَا أَلْقَى اللَّهَ وَأَنَا أَعْزَبُ»","vol":"9","page":193},{"text":"١٢٨٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا «قَضَى فِي نِكَاحِ رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ، فَجَعَلَ الْمِيرَاثَ وَالصَّدَاقَ فِي مَالِهِ»","vol":"9","page":194},{"text":"١٢٨٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ «نَكَحَ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ، فَجَازَ ذَلِكَ».\n\n١٢٨٤٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ أُمِّ الْحَكَمِ\n\n١٢٨٥٠ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ، وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَحْدَهُ، أَتَمُّ إِسْنَادًا وَمَتْنًا.\n\n١٢٨٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ فِي إِبَاحَةِ نِكَاحِ الْمَرِيضِ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، وَقُدَامَةَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ","vol":"9","page":194},{"text":"١٢٨٥٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْوَلِيدُ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: قَالَ مُعَاذٌ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ:  «زَوِّجُونِي؛ فَإِنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَلْقَى اللَّهَ أَعْزَبَ»","vol":"9","page":194},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-900>الْوَصِيَّةُ بِالْعِتْقِ وَغَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"9","page":195},{"text":"١٢٨٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي بِالْعِتْقِ وَوَصَايَا غَيْرِهِ، فَقَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ: يُبْدَأُ بِالْعِتْقِ، ثُمَّ يُجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ فِي الْوَصَايَا، وَلَسْتُ أَعْرِفُ فِي هَذَا أَمْرًا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ أَثَرٍ ثَابِتٍ، وَلَا إِجْمَاعٍ لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ \"","vol":"9","page":195},{"text":"١٢٨٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ يُبْدَأَ بِالْعِتَاقَةِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ»","vol":"9","page":195},{"text":"١٢٨٥٥ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ. ثُمَّ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَصَحُّ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ:  «أَنَّهُ يُبْدَأُ بِالْعِتَاقَةِ قَبْلَ الْوَصَايَا»","vol":"9","page":195},{"text":"١٢٨٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تَحَاصُّوا».\n\n١٢٨٥٧ - وَهَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٢٨٥٨ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَإِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ","vol":"9","page":195},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-901>صَدَقَةُ الْحَيِّ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ</span>","vol":"9","page":196},{"text":"١٢٨٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَيَلْحَقُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنْ فِعْلِ غَيْرِهِ وَعَمَلِهِ ثَلَاثٌ: حَجٌّ يُؤَدَّى عَنْهُ، وَمَالٌ يُتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ عَنْهُ، أَوْ يُقْضَى، أَوْ دُعَاءٌ \".\n\n١٢٨٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَرَّ فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ جَوَازُ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ","vol":"9","page":196},{"text":"١٢٨٦١ - وَأَمَّا الصَّدَقَةُ: فَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِنَّ أُمِّي افْتُلِتَتْ نَفْسُهَا، وَأُرَاهَا لَوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ تَصَدَّقَتْ، أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»، فَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهَا. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗١٩٧⦘. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"9","page":196},{"text":"١٢٨٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" خَرَجَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ، وَحَضَرَتْ أُمُّهُ الْوَفَاةَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَقِيلَ لَهَا: أَوْصِ قَالَتْ: فَبِمَ أُوصِي؟ إِنَّمَا الْمَالُ مَالُ سَعْدٍ، فَتُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ سَعْدٌ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ سَعْدٌ ذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ. فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَلْ يَنْفَعُهَا أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: حَائِطُ كَذَا وَكَذَا صَدَقَةٌ عَنْهَا، لِحَائِطٍ سَمَّاهُ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٨٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَأَمَّا الدُّعَاءُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ نَدَبَ الْعِبَادَ إِلَيْهِ، وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِهِ.\n\n١٢٨٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ مَرَّ فِي كِتَابِ الْجَنَائِزِ أَخْبَارٌ فِي الدُّعَاءِ لِلْمَيِّتِ","vol":"9","page":197},{"text":"١٢٨٦٥ - وَثَبَتَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ، أَوْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗١٩٨⦘، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ","vol":"9","page":197},{"text":"١٢٨٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ أُمَّهُ أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تُوصِيَ، ثُمَّ أَخَّرَتْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ تُصْبِحَ فَهَلَكَتْ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ هَمَّتْ بِأَنْ تُعْتِقَ. قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: فَقُلْتُ لِلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ: أَيَنْفَعُهَا أَنْ أَعْتِقَ عَنْهَا؟ فَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: إِنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِنَّ أُمِّي هَلَكَتْ فَهَلْ يَنْفَعُهَا أَنْ أَعْتِقَ عَنْهَا؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»\n\n١٢٨٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَزَادَ: «نَعَمْ، أَعْتِقْ عَنْهَا».\n\n١٢٨٦٨ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n١٢٨٦٩ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا وَعَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا","vol":"9","page":198},{"text":"١٢٨٧٠ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، فِي وَصِيَّةِ ⦗١٩٩⦘ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا، فَأَعْتَقْتُمْ، أَوْ تَصَدَّقْتُمْ عَنْهُ، أَوْ حَجَجْتُمْ عَنْهُ، بَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ».\n\n١٢٨٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَقَدْ أَعْتَقَتْ عَائِشَةُ عَنْ أَخِيهَا، وَمَاتَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَصِيَّةٍ\n\n١٢٨٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَرْجُو أَنْ يُوصِلَ اللَّهُ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ خَيْرَ الْعِتْقِ، وَالْأَجْرَ فِيهِ، وَلَا يَنْقُصَ حَظَّ الْحَيِّ، وَالْعِتْقُ لَيْسَ كَغَيْرِهِ، لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ». وَالْحَيُّ هُوَ الْمُعْتِقُ، فَلَا أَمْرَ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ","vol":"9","page":198},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-902>الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْقَرَابَةُ</span>","vol":"9","page":200},{"text":"١٢٨٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا أَوْصَى فَقَالَ: ثُلُثُ مَالِي لِقَرَابَتِي، فَالْقَرَابَةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ سَوَاءٌ، وَكَانَ أَقْرَبُ قَرَابَتِهِ، وَأَبْعَدُهُمْ فِيهَا سَوَاءً، وَإِذَا كَانَ مِنْ قَبِيلَةٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ صُيِّرَ إِلَى الْمَعْرُوفِ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْعَامَّةِ، ذَوِي قَرَابَتِي، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٢٨٧٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي دُخُولِ بَنِي الْأَعْمَامِ فِي الْأَقْرَبِينَ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ حَيْثُ جَعَلَ أَرْضَهُ لِلَّهِ ﷿، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اجْعَلْهَا فِي قَرَابَتِكَ»، فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَ حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَكَانَا مِنْ بَنِي أَعْمَامِهِ \"","vol":"9","page":200},{"text":"١٢٨٧٥ - وَلَمَّا نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ [الشعراء: ٢١٤] قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، اشْتَرُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا، يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا»","vol":"9","page":200},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-903>الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْقَاتِلِ</span>","vol":"9","page":201},{"text":"١٢٨٧٦ - رَوَى مُبَشِّرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ، مَنْسُوبٌ إِلَى الْوَضْعِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ وَصِيَّةٌ» ⦗٢٠٢⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مُصَفَّى، حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُبَشِّرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٢٨٧٧ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: وَهَذَا مُنْكَرٌ، لَا يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، غَيْرُ حَجَّاجٍ، وَعَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، غَيْرُ مُبَشِّرٍ","vol":"9","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-904>الرُّجُوعُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":203},{"text":"١٢٨٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَلِلْمُوصِي أَنْ يُغَيِّرَ مِنْ وَصِيَّتِهِ مَا شَاءَ». قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَائِشَةَ ﵂","vol":"9","page":203},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-905>وَلِيُّ الْيَتِيمِ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ مَكَانَ قِيَامِهِ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ إِذَا كَانَ فَقِيرًا</span>\n١٢٨٧٩ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [النساء: ٦].","vol":"9","page":204},{"text":"١٢٨٨٠ - قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي وَالِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ إِذَا كَانَ فَقِيرًا، أَنَّهُ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ مَكَانَ قِيَامِهِ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ»","vol":"9","page":204},{"text":"١٢٨٨١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ فَقِيرٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ، وَلَهُ يَتِيمٌ:  «كُلْ مِنْ مَالِ يَتِيمِكَ غَيْرَ مُسْرِفٍ وَلَا مُبَاذِرٍ، وَلَا مُتَأَثِّلٍ».\n\n١٢٨٨٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ","vol":"9","page":204},{"text":"١٢٨٨٣ - وَأَمَّا قَضَاءُ مَا أَكَلَ مِنْهُ إِذَا أَيْسَرَ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنِّي أَنْزَلْتُ نَفْسِي مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وَلِيِّ الْيَتِيمِ، إِنِ احْتَجْتُ أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ، فَإِذَا أَيْسَرْتُ رَدَدْتُهُ، وَإِنِ اسْتَغْنَيْتُ اسْتَعْفَفْتُ»","vol":"9","page":205},{"text":"١٢٨٨٤ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَإِنْ أَيْسَرَ قَضَى، وَإِنْ أَعْسَرَ كَانَ فِي حِلٍّ».","vol":"9","page":205},{"text":"١٢٨٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا:  «يَقْضِيهِ»","vol":"9","page":205},{"text":"١٢٨٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ:  «لَا يَقْضِيهِ»","vol":"9","page":205},{"text":"١٢٨٨٧ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥٢] عَزَلُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ، عَنْ أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى، فَجَعَلَ الطَّعَامُ يَفْسَدُ، وَاللَّحْمُ يُنْتِنُ، يَعْنِي: مَا يَفْضُلُ عَنْهُمْ، فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ، وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٠] قَالَ: فَخَالَطُوهُمْ \".\n\n١٢٨٨٨ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ وَالْوَصَايَا مِنْ كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"9","page":205},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-906>بَابُ الْوَدِيعَةِ</span>\n١٢٨٨٩ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا﴾ [النساء: ٥٨]","vol":"9","page":206},{"text":"١٢٨٩٠ - وَثَبَتَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا ائْتُمِنَ خَانَ \"","vol":"9","page":206},{"text":"١٢٨٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُمْ  «جَعَلُوا الْوَدِيعَةَ أَمَانَةً»","vol":"9","page":207},{"text":"١٢٨٩٢ - وَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ:  «لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْتَوْدَعِ غَيْرِ الْمُغِلِّ ضَمَانٌ»","vol":"9","page":207},{"text":"١٢٨٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْمَغَازِي، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ،» وَأَمَرَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ بِمَكَّةَ، حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَ عَنْهُ الْوَدَائِعَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ لِلنَّاسِ \"","vol":"9","page":207},{"text":"١٢٨٩٤ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فِيمَا حَكَى عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: «فِي الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَعِنْدَهُ الْوَدِيعَةُ، وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، أَنَّهُمْ يَتَحَاصُّونَ الْغُرَمَاءَ، وَأَصْحَابَ الْوَدِيعَةِ بِالْحِصَصِ»\n\n١٢٨٩٥ - وَعَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٢٨٩٦ - وَعَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٢٨٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ لَمْ تُعْرَفِ الْوَدِيعَةُ بِعَيْنِهَا بِبَيِّنَةٍ تَقُومُ، أَوْ إِقْرَارٍ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ، وَعُرِفَ لَهَا عَدَدٌ أَوْ قِيمَةٌ، كَانَ صَاحِبُ الْوَدِيعَةِ كَغَرِيمٍ مِنَ الْغُرَمَاءِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَقُولَ الْمُسْتَوْدَعُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ: قَدْ هَلَكَتِ الْوَدِيعَةُ، فَيَكُونُ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَمِينٌ","vol":"9","page":207},{"text":"كِتَابُ الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ","vol":"9","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-907>٢١ - كِتَابُ قَسْمِ الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":211},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-908>بَابُ قَسْمِ الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ </span>⦗٢١٢⦘\n١٢٨٩٨ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ. . .﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١]\n\n١٢٨٩٩ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ﴾ [الحشر: ٦] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ. . .﴾ [الحشر: ٧]\n⦗٢١٣⦘\n\n١٢٩٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالْغَنِيمَةُ وَالْفَيْءُ يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي أَنَّ فِيهِمَا مَعًا الْخُمُسَ مِنْ جَمِيعِهِمَا لِمَنْ سَمَّاهُ اللَّهُ لَهُ فِي الْآيَتَيْنِ مَعًا.\n\n١٢٩٠١ - ثُمَّ يُفَرَّقُ الْحُكْمُ فِي الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَخْمَاسِ بِمَا بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ ﵎ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، وَفِي فِعْلِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَسَّمَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ\n\n١٢٩٠٢ - وَالْغَنِيمَةُ: هِيَ الْمُوجَفُ عَلَيْهَا بِالْخَيْلِ وَالرِّكَابِ لِمَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْ غَنِيٍّ أَوْ فَقِيرٍ.\n\n١٢٩٠٣ - وَالْفَيْءُ: هُوَ مَا لَمْ يُوجَفْ عَلَيْهِ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ\n\n١٢٩٠٤ - فَكَانَتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قُرَى عُرَيْنَةَ، الَّتِي أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسِهَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَاصَّةً دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، يَضَعُهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَيْثُ أَرَاهُ اللَّهُ ﷿.","vol":"9","page":211},{"text":"١٢٩٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَالْعَبَّاسَ، وَعَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ، فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَالِصَةً دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، فَمَا فَضَلَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُمَانِي أَنْ أُولِّيَكُمَاهَا، فَوَلَّيْتُكُمَاهَا، عَلَى أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِهِ ⦗٢١٤⦘، فَجِئْتُمَانِي تَخْتَصِمَانِ، أَتُرِيدَانِ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا نِصْفًا؟ أَتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً؟ أَتُرِيدَانِ غَيْرَ مَا قَضَيْتُ بِهِ بَيْنَكُمَا أَوَّلًا، فَلَا وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلَيَّ أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا \".\n\n١٢٩٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ لِي سُفْيَانُ: لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَلَكِنْ أَخْبَرَنِيهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قُلْتُ: كَمَا قَصَصْتَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ.\n\n١٢٩٠٧ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، مُخْتَصَرًا.\n\n١٢٩٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِ عُمَرَ: لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَاصَّةً، يُرِيدُ مَا كَانَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُوجِفِينَ، وَذَلِكَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهِ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِالْآيَةِ.\n\n١٢٩٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ مَضَى مَنْ كَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَالَ لِوَرَثَتِهِمْ تِلْكَ النَّفَقَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ لَهُمْ، وَلَا خِلَافَ فِي أَنْ يُجْعَلَ تِلْكَ النَّفَقَاتُ حَيْثُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَجْعَلُ فُضُولَ غَلَّاتِ تِلْكَ الْأَمْوَالِ مِمَّا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ","vol":"9","page":213},{"text":"١٢٩١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"9","page":214},{"text":"١٢٩١١ - قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَنْشُدُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَطَلْحَةَ، وَالزُّبَيْرَ، فَقَالَ: \" أَنْشُدُكُمُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَسَمِعْتُمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ» قَالُوا: نَعَمْ","vol":"9","page":215},{"text":"١٢٩١٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يُنَاشِدُ عَلِيًّا، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَطَلْحَةَ، وَالزُّبَيْرَ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ، وَسَعْدًا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَأَشُكُّ فِي سَعْدٍ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ» قَالُوا: اللَّهُمَّ «نَعَمْ».\n\n١٢٩١٣ - وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُمْ، وَذَكَرَ عَبَّاسًا، وَسَعْدًا، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ طَلْحَةَ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ.\n\n١٢٩١٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٢٩١٥ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، يَشُكُّ فِي ذِكْرِ طَلْحَةَ.\n\n١٢٩١٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ فَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةَ وَسَعْدًا","vol":"9","page":215},{"text":"أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ⦗٢١٦⦘ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي دِينَارًا، مَا تَرَكْتُ بَعْدَ نَفَقَةِ أَهْلِي، وَمُؤْنَةِ أَهْلِي فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ».\n\n١٢٩١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"9","page":215},{"text":"١٢٩١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَوْ جَاءَ فِي مَالِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا، وَهَكَذَا»، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَأْتِهِ، فَجَاءَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَأَعْطَانِي حِينَ جَاءَهُ \".\n\n١٢٩١٩ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: بَقِيَّةُ الْحَدِيثِ، حَدَّثَنِي غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيِّ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: «لَوْ جَاءَنِي».\n\n١٢٩٢٠ - أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":216},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-909>سَهْمُ الصَّفِيِّ</span>","vol":"9","page":217},{"text":"١٢٩٢١ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى بَنِي زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أُقَيْشٍ: «إِنَّكُمْ إِنْ أَقَمْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَأَتَيْتُمُ الزَّكَاةَ، وَفَارَقْتُمُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَأَعْطَيْتُمُ الْخُمُسَ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ، ثُمَّ سَهْمَ النَّبِيِّ، وَالصَّفِيَّ، فَأَنْتُمْ آمِنُونَ لِأَمَانِ اللَّهِ وَأَمَانِ رَسُولِهِ»","vol":"9","page":217},{"text":"١٢٩٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ:  «كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ سَهْمٌ يُدْعَى الصَّفِيَّ، إِنْ شَاءَ عَبْدًا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمَةً، وَإِنْ شَاءَ فَرَسًا يَخْتَارُهُ قَبْلَ الْخُمُسِ»","vol":"9","page":217},{"text":"١٢٩٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنْ سُئِلَ عَنْ سَهْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالصَّفِيِّ؟ قَالَ: «كَانَ يَضْرِبُ لَهُ بِسَهْمٍ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ».\n\n١٢٩٢٤ - وَالصَّفِيُّ: يُؤْخَذُ لَهُ رَأْسٌ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، قَبْلَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ.\n\n١٢٩٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ «مِنَ الْخُمُسِ»، وَلَعَلَّهُ عَبَّرَ بِهِ عَنِ الْغَنِيمَةِ، لِيَكُونَ مُوَافِقًا لِقَوْلِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٢٩٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ ⦗٢١٨⦘ عِنْدَنَا، عَلِمْتُهُ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُحْفَظُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ، أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مَا كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ صَفِّيِّ الْغَنِيمَةِ","vol":"9","page":217},{"text":"١٢٩٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتُ الْعِرْبَاضِ، عَنْ أَبِيهَا، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ وَبَرَةً مِنَ الْفَيْءِ فَقَالَ: «مَا لِي مِنْ هَذِهِ إِلَّا مَا لِأَحَدِكُمْ إِلَّا الْخُمُسَ، وَهُوَ مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ، فَرُدُّوا الْخَيْطَ وَالْمِخْيَطَ، وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَالْغُلُولَ، فَإِنَّهُ عَارٌ وَنَارٌ وَشَنَارٌ».\n\n١٢٩٢٨ - وَفِي هَذَا مِمَّا أَشَرْنَا إِلَيْهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسْتَحِقُّ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ سَهْمَهُ.\n\n١٢٩٢٩ - وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: «إِلَّا مَا لِأَحَدِكُمْ»، يُرِيدُ سَهْمَ الْفَارِسِ إِنْ كَانَ فَارِسًا، وَسَهْمَ الرَّاجِلِ إِنْ كَانَ رَاجِلًا","vol":"9","page":218},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-910>بَابُ الْأَنْفَالِ</span>","vol":"9","page":219},{"text":"١٢٩٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ، فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَاسْتَدَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، فَضَرَبْتُهُ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ ضَرْبَةً، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ، فَأَرْسَلَنِي، فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ: أَمْرُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ رَجَعُوا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ، فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ»، فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، فَقَالَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ، فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، فَقَالَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ، فَقُمْتُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا بَالُكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ؟» فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي، فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: لَاهَا اللَّهِ، إِذَنْ لَا يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ، يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: صَدَقَ، فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: فَأَعْطَانِيهِ، فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ، فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلَمَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ \".\n\n١٢٩٣١ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْمَخْرَفُ النَّخْلُ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٢٣⦘.\n\n١٢٩٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ مَعْرُوفٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَفِيهِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا، فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بَعْدَمَا قَتَلَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الرَّجُلَ","vol":"9","page":222},{"text":"١٢٩٣٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِرِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا، فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ».\n\n١٢٩٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَزَادَ: فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا، وَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ","vol":"9","page":223},{"text":"١٢٩٣٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَيْضًا بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سَمُرَةَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا، فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"9","page":223},{"text":"١٢٩٣٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَيْضًا بِحَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ إِيَاسَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ؟» قَالُوا: سَلَمَةُ قَالَ: «لَهُ سَلَبُهُ»","vol":"9","page":224},{"text":"١٢٩٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ: فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي جَاءَ طَلِيعَةً لِلْكُفَّارِ، فَنَظَرَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَرْكُضُ عَلَى بَعِيرِهِ، قَالَ إِيَاسُ: قَالَ أَبِي: فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ أَعْدُو عَلَى رِجْلَيَّ، وَاتَّبَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ لَهُ وَرْقَاءَ، فَتَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى كُنْتُ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ الْجَمَلِ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَنِخْ، فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ رُكْبَتَهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ اخْتَرَطْتُ سَيْفِي، فَضَرَبْتُ رَأْسَهُ فَنَدَرَ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ أَقُودُهَا قَالَ: فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ؟» قَالُوا: ابْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَهُ سَلَبُهُ أَجْمَعُ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n١٢٩٣٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَلَمَةَ مَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، مِنْ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ لَهُ بَعْدَمَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ، وَفِيهِ حُجَّةٌ لِمَنْ جَعَلَ السَّلَبَ لِلْقَاتِلِ، سَوَاءٌ قَتَلَهُ فِي الْإِقْبَالِ أَوِ الْإِدْبَارِ","vol":"9","page":224},{"text":"١٢٩٣٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا بِحَدِيثِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ مَدَدِيًّا ⦗٢٢٥⦘ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الرُّومِ فِي غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ، فَأَرَادَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ أَنْ يُخَمِّسَ السَّلَبَ، فَقُلْتُ: «قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ»","vol":"9","page":224},{"text":"١٢٩٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُخَمِّسِ السَّلَبَ، وَأَنَّ مَدَدِيًّا كَانَ رَفِيقًا لَهُمْ فِي غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ فِي طَرَفِ الشَّامِ قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ رُومِيٌّ مِنْهُمْ يَشُدُّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَهُوَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ أَشْقَرَ، وَسَرْجٍ مُذَهَّبٍ، وَمِنْطَقَةٍ مُلَطَّخَةٍ بِذَهَبٍ، وَسَيْفٍ مُحَلًّى بِذَهَبٍ قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ يَفْرِي بِهِمْ قَالَ: فَتَلَطَّفَ لَهُ الْمَدَدِيُّ حَتَّى مَرَّ بِهِ، فَضَرَبَ عُرْقُوبَ فَرَسِهِ فَوَقَعَ، ثُمَّ عَلَاهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَأَخَذَ سِلَاحَهُ قَالَ: فَأَعْطَاهُ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، وَحَبَسَ مِنْهُ قَالَ عَوْفٌ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَعْطِهِ كُلَّهُ، أَلَيْسَ قَدْ سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «السَّلَبُ لِلْقَاتِلِ» فَقَالَ: بَلَى، وَلَكِنِّي قَدِ اسْتَكْثَرْتُهُ قَالَ عَوْفٌ: فَكَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ كَلَامٌ فِي ذَلِكَ. فَقُلْتُ لَأُخْبِرَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ عَوْفٌ: فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعْنَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لِخَالِدٍ: «لِمَ لَمْ تُعْطِهِ؟» فَقَالَ: قَدِ اسْتَكْثَرْتُهُ. قَالَ: «فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ». قَالَ عَوْفٌ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَلَمْ أُنْجِزْ لَكَ مَا وَعَدْتُكَ؟ قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: «يَا خَالِدُ، لَا تَدْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ، هَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكُو لِي أُمَرَائِي؟». قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: فَلَقِيتُ ثَوْرَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ، فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِهَذَا، فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ خَالِدُ بْنُ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَفْوَانَ ⦗٢٢٦⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ\n\n١٢٩٤١ - وفى هذا دلالةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ قَبْلَ غَزْوَةِ حُنَيْنٍ، كَانَ مَشْهُورًا فِيمَا بَيْنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُخَمِّسُ، وَحِينَ رَجَعَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ صَدَّقَ عَوْفًا، وَلَمْ يَرَ اعْتِذَارَ خَالِدٍ بِالِاسْتِكْثَارِ عُذْرًا فِي التَّخْمِيسِ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا جَاوَزَ عَوْفٌ أَمِيرًا مِنْ أُمَرَائِهِمْ، وَرَأَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ سُقُوطِ حِشْمَةِ الْأَمِيرِ غَضِبَ وَأَمَرَهُ بِمَنْعِهِ إِيَّاهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ التَّأْدِيبِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَجُوزُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُعْطِيهِ إِيَّاهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ، وَقَدْ قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ فِي غَزْوَةِ حُنَيْنٍ، وَلَمْ يُخَمِّسْهُ. وَلَمْ يُنْصِفْ مَنْ تَعَلَّقَ بِهَذَا، أَوْ خَالَفَ السُّنَّةَ فِي السَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ، وَهَلَّا عُدَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الْعُقُوبَاتِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بِالْأَمْوَالِ، ثُمَّ صَارَ مَنْسُوخًا، كَمَا فَعَلَ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا مِمَّا خُولِفَ فِيهِ بِلَا حُجَّةٍ، وَالَّذِي يَعْلُقُ مِنْ بَعْدُ فِي قَتْلِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ، وَمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ: «كِلَاكُمَا قَتَلَهُ»، وَقَضَى بِسَلَبِهِ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَغَنِيمَةُ بَدْرٍ كَانَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَصِّ الْكِتَابِ، يُعْطِي مِنْهَا مَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَقَدْ قَسَمَ لِجَمَاعَةٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوهَا، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ، وَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ، فَصَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَثْخَنَهُ، وَجَرَحَهُ الْآخَرُ بَعْدَهُ، فَقَضَى بِسَلَبِهِ لِلْأَوَّلِ.\n\n١٢٩٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يُخَمَّسُ السَّلَبُ، فَعَارَضَنَا مُعَارِضٌ، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: إِنَّا كُنَّا لَا نُخَمِّسُ السَّلَبَ، وَإِنَّ سَلَبَ الْبَرَاءِ قَدْ بَلَغَ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا، وَلَا أُرَانِي إِلَّا خَامِسَهُ قَالَ: فَخَمَّسَهُ.\n\n١٢٩٤٣ - وَذَكَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: السَّلَبُ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَفِيهِ الْخُمُسُ.\n\n١٢٩٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي ⦗٢٢٧⦘ شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَجُزْ تَرْكُهُ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَلِيلَ السَّلَبِ وَلَا كَثِيرَهُ، وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِي خُمُسِ السَّلَبِ عَنْ عُمَرَ لَيْسَتْ مِنْ رِوَايَتِنَا.\n\n١٢٩٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هِيَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٢٩٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَهُ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ تُخَالِفُهَا","vol":"9","page":225},{"text":"١٢٩٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ يُسَمَّى شِبْرَ بْنَ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ: «بَارَزْتُ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ فَقَتَلْتُهُ، فَبَلَغَ سَلَبُهُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا فَنَفَّلَنِيهِ سَعْدٌ».\n\n١٢٩٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، أخبرنا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يُقَالُ: شِبْرُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ.\n\n١٢٩٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا كَثِيرٌ.\n\n١٢٩٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي فِي قَاتِلِ مَرْحَبٍ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: قَتَلَهُ عَلِيٌّ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: قَتَلَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ.\n\n١٢٩٥١ - وَذَهَبَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ إِلَى: أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ ضَرَبَ سَاقَيْ مَرْحَبٍ فَقَطَعَهُمَا، وَلَمْ يُجْهِزْ عَلَيْهِ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عَلِيٌّ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ، فَأَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَلَبَهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ سَيْفَهُ وَدِرْعَهُ وَمَغْفِرَهُ وَبَيْضَتَهُ، فَكَانَ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ دِرْعُهُ، وَمَغْفِرُهُ، وَبَيْضَتُهُ، وَكَانَ عِنْدَ آلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ سَيْفُهُ ⦗٢٢٨⦘.\n\n١٢٩٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَطَّةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو هُوَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":227},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-911>الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي مِنَ النَّفَلِ</span>","vol":"9","page":229},{"text":"١٢٩٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً فِيهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَغَنِمُوا إِبِلًا كَثِيرًا، فَكَانَتْ سُهْمَانُهُمُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا، أَوْ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا، وَنُفِّلُوا بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"9","page":229},{"text":"١٢٩٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَنَا فِي سَرِيَّةٍ إِلَى نَجْدٍ، فَأَصَابَ سَهْمُ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا، وَنَفَّلَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا»","vol":"9","page":229},{"text":"١٢٩٥٥ - وَهَكَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَوَرْدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ:  «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَفَّلَهُمْ»","vol":"9","page":229},{"text":"١٢٩٥٦ - وَخَالَفَهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ أَمِيرَهُمُ نَفَّلَهُمْ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ، ثُمَّ قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ غَنِيمَتَهُمْ، وَمَا حَاسَبَهُمْ بِالَّذِي أَعْطَاهُمْ صَاحِبُهُمْ».\n\n١٢٩٥٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى ذَلِكَ\n\n١٢٩٥٨ - . وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ رِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ أَصَحُّ","vol":"9","page":230},{"text":"١٢٩٥٩ - فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مِثْلَ رِوَايَتِهِمْ، «وَهُوَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَفَّلَهُمْ مِنْ إِبِلٍ جَاءُوا بِهَا بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا»","vol":"9","page":230},{"text":"١٢٩٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَقُولُ:  «كَانَ النَّاسُ يُعْطَوْنَ النَّفَلَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ».\n\n١٢٩٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: يُعْطَوْنَ النَّفَلَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، كَمَا قَالَ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَذَلِكَ مِنْ خُمُسِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٢٩٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُ الشَّامِيِّينَ فِي النَّفَلِ فِي الْبَدْأَةِ وَالرَّجْعَةِ الثُّلُثَ فِي وَاحِدَةٍ، وَالرُّبُعَ فِي الْأُخْرَى.\n\n١٢٩٦٣ - وَرِوَايَةُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ نَفَّلَ نِصْفَ السُّدُسِ، فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلنَّفَلِ حَدٌّ لَا يُجَاوِزُهُ الْإِمَامُ، وَأَكْثَرُ مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا أَنْفَالٌ ⦗٢٣١⦘، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ لَا يُنَفِّلَ فَنَفَّلَ، فَيَنْبَغِي لِتَنْفِيلِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى الِاجْتِهَادِ غَيْرَ مَحْدُودٍ","vol":"9","page":230},{"text":"١٢٩٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مَخْلَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ جَمِيلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَأَبُو وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَفَّلَ الرُّبُعَ مِمَّا يَأْتِي بِهِ الْقَوْمُ فِي الْبَدْأَةِ، وَفِي الرَّجْعَةِ الثُّلُثَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ»","vol":"9","page":231},{"text":"١٢٩٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُنَفِّلُ الثُّلُثَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ».\n\n١٢٩٦٦ - وَكَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ يُؤَمِّرُ حَبِيبَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ عَلَى الدُّرُوبِ، فَكَانَ إِذَا قَدَّمَ السَّرِيَّةَ أَمَامَهُ يُنَفِّلُهَا الرُّبُعَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ، وَكَانَ إِذَا رَدَّهَا خَلْفَهُ، وَهُوَ مُنْصَرِفٌ يُنَفِّلُهَا الثُّلُثَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ.\n\n١٢٩٦٧ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، دُونَ قِصَّةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ ⦗٢٣٢⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"9","page":231},{"text":"١٢٩٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، ح قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الدَّبَرِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ جَمِيعًا، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ فِي مَبْدَئِهِ الرُّبُعَ، وَإِذَا قَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ»\n\n١٢٩٦٩ - رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ حَكَاهُ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ.\n\n١٢٩٧٠ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ يَنْفَرِدُ بِإِسْنَادِهَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ غَلَطَ فِيهِ، فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ.\n\n١٢٩٧١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِ مَكْحُولٍ عَنْهُ.\n\n١٢٩٧٢ - وَحَدِيثُ حَبِيبٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسِ مَا يَأْتُونَ بِهِ، إِذَا بَعَثَهُمْ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ فِي الْبَدْأَةِ أَوْ فِي الرَّجْعَةِ.\n\n١٢٩٧٣ - وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ، أَيْ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُفْرِدَ الْخُمُسَ، ثُمَّ يُنَفِّلُ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، وَرِوَايَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ تَدُلُّ عَلَى التَّنَفُّلِ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَكْثَرَ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَدْ خَالَفُوهُ فِي ذَلِكَ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا،\n\n١٢٩٧٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رِوَايَةُ يُونُسَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، يُخَالِفُهُ","vol":"9","page":232},{"text":"١٢٩٧٥ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ بَعْضَ مَنْ يَبْعَثُ مِنَ السَّرَايَا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَاصَّةَ النَّفَلِ سِوَى قِسْمَةِ عَامَّةِ الْجَيْشِ، وَالْخُمُسُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَاجِبٌ كُلُّهُ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ.\n\n١٢٩٧٦ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُخَمِّسُ الْخُمُسَ، ثُمَّ يُنَفِّلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ بَيَانُ الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":233},{"text":"١٢٩٧٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ فَرِيضَةُ الْخُمُسِ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ. . . .﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١] تَرَكَ النَّفَلَ الَّذِي كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ، وَصَارَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ مِنْ سَهْمِ اللَّهِ، وَسَهْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْحُرِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٣٤⦘.\n\n١٢٩٧٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ","vol":"9","page":233},{"text":"١٢٩٧٩ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَا أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ يُنَفَّلُونَ إِلَّا مِنَ الْخُمُسِ»","vol":"9","page":234},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-912>الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ مِنَ النَّفَلِ</span>","vol":"9","page":235},{"text":"١٢٩٨٠ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: إِذَا بَعَثَ الْإِمَامُ سَرِيَّةً أَوْ جَيْشًا، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ قَبْلَ اللِّقَاءِ: مَنْ غَنِمَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ، فَذَلِكَ لَهُمْ عَلَى مَا شَرَطَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ غَزَوْا\n\n١٢٩٨١ - وَذَهَبُوا فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: «مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ»، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْخُمُسِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٢٩٨٢ - وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ شَيْئًا ثَبَتَ عِنْدَنَا، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِهَذَا","vol":"9","page":235},{"text":"١٢٩٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ، فَقَالَ: «فِينَا أَصْحَابَ بَدْرٍ نَزَلَتْ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ، ثُمَّ نُزُولُ الْقِسْمَةِ بَيْنَهُمْ»","vol":"9","page":235},{"text":"١٢٩٨٤ - وَرَوَى عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَمَنْ أَسَرَ أَسِيرًا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ تَنَازُعَهُمْ، وَنُزُولَ الْآيَةِ فِي الْأَنْفَالِ، وَقِسْمَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْغَنِيمَةَ بَيْنَهُمْ.\n\n١٢٩٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ فِي بَعْثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، وَكَانَ الْفَيْءُ إِذْ ذَاكَ: «مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ» ⦗٢٣٦⦘.\n\n١٢٩٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ، وَقَدْ صَارَ الْأَمْرُ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ إِلَى مَا اخْتَارَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ قِسْمَةِ أَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ بَيْنَ مَنْ حَضَرَ الْقِتَالَ، وَأَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسِ الْخُمُسِ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَضَعُ سَهْمَهُ حَيْثُ أَرَاهُ اللَّهُ وَهُوَ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":235},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-913>بَابُ تَفْرِيقِ الْخُمُسِ</span>","vol":"9","page":237},{"text":"١٢٩٨٧ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قِسْمَةِ مَا غُنِمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ، مِنْ دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ، أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَالِ أَوْ سَبْيٍ بِالْآيَةِ.\n\n١٢٩٨٨ - وَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ:  «لَوْلَا آخِرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا فَتَحْتُ مَدِينَةً إِلَّا قَسَمْتُهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ».\n\n١٢٩٨٩ - وَهَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ.\n\n١٢٩٩٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَرْيَةً، بَدَلًا مِنْ: مَدِينَةً. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ","vol":"9","page":239},{"text":"١٢٩٩١ - حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ مَنْ نَصَرَ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِالْخِيَارِ، وَتَعَلَّقَ بِحَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ خَيْبَرَ نِصْفَيْنِ، نِصْفًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ وَحَوَائِجِهِ، وَنِصْفًا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»","vol":"9","page":239},{"text":"١٢٩٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمِقْدَامُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ قَالَ:  «قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ نِصْفَيْنِ»، فَذَكَرَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى سَهْمِهِمْ ⦗٢٤٠⦘.\n\n١٢٩٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَسَدٍ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا\n\n١٢٩٩٤ - زَعَمَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْسِمُ جَمِيعَهَا بَيْنَ الْغَانِمِينَ، وَإِنَّمَا وَقَفَ نِصْفَهَا، وَقَسَمَ نِصْفَهَا.\n\n١٢٩٩٥ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُجِبُ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ قِسْمَةُ الْأَرَاضِي بَيْنَ الْغَانِمِينَ، وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْمَعْنَى فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ مِنْهَا بَيْنَ الْغَانِمِينَ مَا هُوَ مَشْهُورٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي، وَهُوَ أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ حُصُونِ خَيْبَرَ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَحْقِنَ دِمَاءَهُمْ، وَيُسَيِّرُهُمْ، فَفَعَلَ، فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ أَهْلُ فَدَكَ، فَنَزَلُوا عَلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَالِصَةً؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهَا بِخَيْلٍ، وَلَا رِكَابٍ.\n\n١٢٩٩٦ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي","vol":"9","page":239},{"text":"١٢٩٩٧ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «كَانَ خَيْبَرُ بَعْضُهَا عَنْوَةً، وَبَعْضُهَا صُلْحًا»","vol":"9","page":240},{"text":"قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ عَصَتِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ خُمُسَهَا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ» ⦗٢٤١⦘.\n\n١٢٩٩٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُهُمْ بِمَا فَعَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِأَرْضِ السَّوَادِ، وَنَحْنُ نُذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، حَيْثُ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ.\n\n١٢٩٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ خَالَفَ عُمَرَ فِي أَمْرِ تَرْكِهِ الْقِسْمَةَ بِلَالٌ، وَمَنْ كَانَ بِالشَّامِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٣٠٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَخَالَفَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ فِي فَتْحِ مِصْرَ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عُمَرُ طَلَبَ اسْتِطَابَةَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِذَلِكَ، كَمَا فَعَلَ مَعَ بَجِيلَةَ فِي أَرْضِ السَّوَادِ، لِمَا كَانَ يَرَى فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ، وَحِينَ لَمْ يَطِبْ بِهِ بِلَالٌ نَفْسًا قَالَ عُمَرُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَرِحْنِي مِنْ بِلَالٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ\n\n١٣٠٠١ - وَلَوْلَا قِيَامُ الْحُجَّةِ بِمَا رَوَى هُوَ، وَرَوَوْا مِنْ قِسْمَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ، لَكَانَ لَا يَطْلُبُ اسْتِطَابَةَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لِمَا رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ، وَلَعَارَضَهُمْ بِمَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قِسْمَتِهَا دَلَّ أَنَّ أَمْرَ خَيْبَرَ فِيمَا تَرَكَ مِنْ قِسَمْتِهِ بَيْنَ الْغَانِمِينَ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ فُتِحَ صُلْحًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":240},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-914>بَابُ مَا يُفْعَلُ بِالرِّجَالِ الْبَالِغِينَ </span>⦗٢٤٣⦘\n١٣٠٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الْإِمَامُ فِيهِمْ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَمُنَّ عَلَى مَنْ رَأَى مِنْهُمْ، أَوْ يَقْتُلَ، أَوْ يُفَادِيَ، أَوْ يَسْبِيَ.\n\n١٣٠٠٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَثْخَنْتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً﴾ [محمد: ٤].\n\n١٣٠٠٤ - فَجَعَلَ لَهُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالْفِدَاءَ، وَكَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَفَدَاهُمْ، وَالْحَرْبُ قَائِمَةٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَمَنَّ عَلَى ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ أُثَالٍ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَقَوْمُهُ أَهْلُ الْيَمَامَةِ حَرْبٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.","vol":"9","page":242},{"text":"١٣٠٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَادَى رَجُلًا بِرَجُلَيْنِ».\n\n١٣٠٠٦ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ فِي كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ أَبْسَطَ مِنْ هَذَا.\n\n١٣٠٠٧ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِنْ أَنِّ الْفِدَاءَ، مَنْسُوخٌ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٥]، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي عَنْهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ عِنْدِي فِي تَفْسِيرِ عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوْفِيِّ بِرِوَايَةِ أَوْلَادِهِ عَنْهُ، وَهُوَ إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"9","page":243},{"text":"١٣٠٠٨ - ثُمَّ قَدْ رَوَى شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ قَالَ: \" دَفَعَ الْحَجَّاجُ أَسِيرًا إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ لِيَقْتُلَهُ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: \" لَيْسَ بِهَذَا أَمَرَنَا اللَّهُ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ. . . .﴾ [محمد: ٤] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً حَتَّى تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا﴾ [محمد: ٤]\n⦗٢٤٤⦘ \".\n\n١٣٠٠٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ، بَدَلَ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَقَالَ: عَظِيمًا مِنْ عُظَمَاءِ إِصْطَخْرَ\n\n١٣٠١٠ - وَفِي هَذَا مِنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ عِنْدَهُ مُحْكَمَةٌ غَيْرُ مَنْسُوخَةٍ، وَكَيْفَ تَكُونُ مَنْسُوخَةً وَقَدْ عَلَّقَهَا بِغَايَةٍ فَقَالَ: ﴿حَتَّى تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا﴾ [محمد: ٤]","vol":"9","page":243},{"text":"١٣٠١١ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ:  «حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ دِينٌ إِلَّا الْإِسْلَامُ».\n\n١٣٠١٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ «يَعْنِي نُزُولَ عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ﷺ»","vol":"9","page":244},{"text":"١٣٠١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: \" يُوشِكُ مَنْ عَاشَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَرَى عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ إِمَامًا مَهْدِيًّا، وَحَكَمًا عَدْلًا، فَيَكْسِرَ الصَّلِيبَ، وَيَقْتُلَ الْخِنْزِيرَ، وَيَضَعَ الْجِزْيَةَ، وَ﴿تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا﴾ [محمد: ٤] \".\n\n١٣٠١٤ - وَرَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ صُبَيْحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ. . . . فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"9","page":244},{"text":"١٣٠١٥ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَيُوشِكَنَّ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِيكُمُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ حَكَمًا عَدْلًا فَيَكْسِرَ الصَّلِيبَ، وَيَقْتُلَ الْخِنْزِيرَ، وَيَضَعَ الْجِزْيَةَ، وَيَفِيضَ الْمَالُ حَتَّى لَا يَقْبَلَهُ أَحَدٌ» ⦗٢٤٥⦘.\n\n١٣٠١٦ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَأْسِرُ الرَّجُلَ فَيُسْتَرَقُّ، أَوْ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْفِدْيَةُ قَوْلَيْنِ، (أَحَدُهُمَا): أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ أَسَرَهُ.\n\n١٣٠١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا قَوْلٌ صَحِيحٌ، لَا أَعْلَمُ خَبَرًا ثَابِتًا يُخَالِفُهُ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ لِمَنْ أَخَذَهُ، كَمَا يَكُونُ سَلَبُهُ لِمَنْ قَتَلَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَشَدُّ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ، وَهَذَا مَذْهَبٌ.\n\n١٣٠١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَا أَعْلَمُ فِيهِ إِلَّا مَا رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ:","vol":"9","page":244},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا غَالِبُ بْنُ حُجْرَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمُّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهَا، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَتَى بِمَوْلًى فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٣٠١٩ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ فِيهِ مَنْ يُجْهَلُ حَالُهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":245},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-915>سَهْمُ الْفَارِسِ</span>","vol":"9","page":246},{"text":"١٣٠٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَزْرَقِ الْوَاسِطِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ضَرَبَ لِلْفَرَسِ بِسَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِلْفَارِسِ بِسَهْمٍ»","vol":"9","page":246},{"text":"١٣٠٢١ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِلْفَارِسِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ، سَهْمٌ لَهُ، وَسَهْمَانِ لِفَرَسِهِ».\n\n١٣٠٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَسْهَمَ لِلرَّجُلِ وَلِفَرَسِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ: سَهْمًا لَهُ وَسَهْمَيْنِ لِفَرَسِهِ ⦗٢٤٧⦘.\n\n١٣٠٢٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، وَسُلَيْمِ بْنِ أَخْضَرَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ\n\n١٣٠٢٤ - وَقَدْ وَهِمَ فِيهِ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، وَابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، فَقَالَ:. . . . لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا.\n\n١٣٠٢٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ عَنْهُمَا، وَعَنْ غَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا","vol":"9","page":246},{"text":"١٣٠٢٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ لِلْفَارِسِ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا».\n\n١٣٠٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: كَأَنَّهُ سَمِعَ نَافِعًا، يَقُولُ: لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا، فَقَالَ: لِلْفَارِسِ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا ⦗٢٤٨⦘\n\n١٣٠٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ يَشُكُّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي تَقْدِمَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ فِي الْحِفْظِ","vol":"9","page":247},{"text":"وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ مُجَمِّعِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ سِهَامَ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا، وَكَانَ الْجَيْشُ أَلْفًا وَخَمْسَ مِائَةٍ، مِنْهُمْ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ، فَأَعْطَى الْفَارِسَ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَالرَّاجِلَ سَهْمًا».\n\n١٣٠٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: مُجَمِّعُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ يَعْنِي رَاوِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُجَمِّعِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ شَيْخٌ لَا يُعْرَفُ.\n\n١٣٠٣٠ - فَأَخَذْنَا بِحَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَلَمْ نَرَ لَهُ خَبَرًا مِثْلَهُ يُعَارِضُهُ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ رَدُّ خَبَرٍ إِلَّا بِخَبَرٍ مِثْلِهِ.\n\n١٣٠٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُجَمِّعُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي عَدَدِ الْجَيْشِ، وَعَدَدِ الْفُرْسَانِ، قَدْ خُولِفَ فِيهِ، فَفِي رِوَايَةِ جَابِرٍ، وَأَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي، أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَلْفًا وَأَرْبَعَ مِائَةٍ، وَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَصَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، وَبَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَأَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي، أَنَّ الْخَيْلَ كَانَتْ مِائَتَيْ فَرَسٍ، فَكَانَ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمٌ، وَلِكُلِّ رَاجِلٍ سَهْمٌ.\n\n١٣٠٣٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَا أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ.\n\n١٣٠٣٣ - وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ: أَصَحُّ، وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَرَى الْوَهْمَ فِي حَدِيثِ مُجَمِّعٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانُوا مِائَتَيْ فَارِسٍ","vol":"9","page":248},{"text":"١٣٠٣٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ أَيْضًا ⦗٢٤٩⦘ حَدِيثَ شَاذَانَ، عَنْ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: «غَزَوْتُ مَعَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ فَأَسْهَمَ لِفَرَسِي سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِي سَهْمًا».\n\n١٣٠٣٥ - قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَذَلِكَ حَدَّثَنِي هَانِئُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَكَذَلِكَ، حَدَّثَنِي حَارِثَةُ بْنُ مُضَرِّبٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ","vol":"9","page":248},{"text":"١٣٠٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَدْ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَنْ يُعِدُّوا لِعَدُوِّهِمْ مَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مِنْ قُوَّةٍ، وَمِنْ رِبَاطِ الْخَيْلِ، لَمْ يَخُصَّ عَرَبِيًّا دُونَ هَجِينٍ\n\n١٣٠٣٧ - وَأَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي لُحُومِ الْخَيْلِ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْهَجِينِ وَالْعَرَبِيِّ.\n\n١٣٠٣٨ - وَقَالَ: «تَجَاوَزْنَا لَكُمْ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْخَيْلِ، وَالرَّقِيقِ»","vol":"9","page":249},{"text":"١٣٠٣٩ - وَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فِي فَرَسِهِ، وَلَا فِي عَبْدِهِ صَدَقَةٌ»، فَجَعَلَ الْفَرَسَ مِنَ الْخَيْلِ.\n\n١٣٠٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ فَضَّلَ الْعَرَبِيَّ عَلَى الْهَجِينِ، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٣٠٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَرْوِ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا مَكْحُولٌ مُرْسَلًا، وَالْمُرْسَلُ لَا تَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ حُجَّةٌ","vol":"9","page":249},{"text":"١٣٠٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَرَّبَ الْعَرَبِيَّ، وَهَجَّنَ الْهَجِينَ».\n\n١٣٠٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ هُوَ عَنْ كُلْثُومِ بْنِ الْأَقْمَرِ مُرْسَلٌ ⦗٢٥٠⦘\n\n١٣٠٤٤ - قَالَ: فَهَذَانِ خَبَرَانِ مُرْسَلَانِ لَيْسَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا شَهِدَ مَا حَدَّثَ بِهِ","vol":"9","page":249},{"text":"١٣٠٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْبَرَاذِينَ الْهَجِينِ: «وَالْهَجِينُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبُوهُ بِرْذَوْنًا، وَأُمُّهُ عَرَبِيَّةٌ»","vol":"9","page":250},{"text":"١٣٠٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْخَيْلُ مَعْقُودٌ فِي نَوَاصِيهَا الْخَيْرُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ»","vol":"9","page":250},{"text":"١٣٠٤٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ شَبِيبَ بْنَ غَرْقَدَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ الْبَارِقِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «الْخَيْلُ مَعْقُودٌ فِي نَوَاصِيهَا الْخَيْرُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ».\n\n١٣٠٤٨ - قَالَ شَبِيبٌ: فَرَأَيْتُ فِيَ دَارِ عُرْوَةَ سَبْعِينَ فَرَسًا مَرْبُوطَةً. أَخْرَجَهُمَا الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ الْبَارِقِيِّ ⦗٢٥١⦘\n\n١٣٠٤٩ - وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «الْأَجْرُ وَالْغَنِيمَةُ»","vol":"9","page":250},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-916>مَنْ قَالَ: لَا يُسْهَمُ إِلَّا لِفَرَسٍ وَاحِدٍ</span>\n١٣٠٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَلَيْسَ فِيمَا قُلْتُ مِنْ أَنْ لَا يُسْهَمَ إِلَّا لِفَرَسٍ وَاحِدٍ خِلَافٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.","vol":"9","page":252},{"text":"١٣٠٥١ - وَفِيهِ أَحَادِيثُ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ أَشْبَهُهَا أَنْ يَكُونَ ثَابِتًا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، \" أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ: سَهْمٍ لَهُ، وَسَهْمَيْنِ لِفَرَسِهِ، وَسَهْمٍ فِي ذِي الْقُرْبَى \".\n\n١٣٠٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِسَهْمِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى، سَهْمَ صَفِيَّةَ أُمِّهِ.\n\n١٣٠٥٣ - وَقَدْ شَكَّ سُفْيَانُ، أَحَفِظَهُ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى سَمَاعًا؟ وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ سُفْيَانُ أَنَّهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ عَنْ يَحْيَى، هُوَ وَلَا غَيْرُهُ مِمَّنْ حَفِظَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثِ وَبِمَا بَعْدَهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَاهُ ⦗٢٥٣⦘.\n\n١٣٠٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ مُحَاضِرُ بْنُ الْمُوَرِّعِ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"9","page":252},{"text":"١٣٠٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ: وَحَدِيثُ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلٌ: «أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ حَضَرَ خَيْبَرَ بِفَرَسَيْنِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَمْسَةَ أَسْهُمٍ، سَهْمًا لَهُ، وَأَرْبَعَةُ أَسْهُمٍ لِفَرَسَيْهِ». وَلَوْ كَانَ كَمَا حَدَّثَ مَكْحُولٌ، أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ حَضَرَ خَيْبَرَ بِفَرَسَيْنَ فَأَخَذَ خَمْسَةَ أَسْهُمٍ كَانَ وَلَدُهُ أَعْرَفَ بِحَدِيثِهِ، وَأَحْرَصَ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ زِيَادَةٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n١٣٠٥٦ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الْخَفَّافُ، عَنِ الْعُمَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ، أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ وَافَى بِأَفْرَاسٍ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، فَلَمْ يُسْهَمْ لَهُ إِلَّا لِفَرَسٍ وَاحِدٍ","vol":"9","page":253},{"text":"١٣٠٥٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: «أَنَّهُ غَزَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِأَفْرَاسٍ، فَلَمْ يُقْسَمْ إِلَّا لِفَرَسَيْنِ».\n\n١٣٠٥٨ - وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ الْأَوَّلَ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَتْنِ، وَالْعُمَرِيُّ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ","vol":"9","page":253},{"text":"١٣٠٥٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَقْسِمُ إِلَّا لِفَرَسَيْنِ».\n\n١٣٠٦٠ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"9","page":253},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-917>الْأَجِيرُ يُرِيدُ الْجِهَادَ</span>\n١٣٠٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ قِيلَ: يُسْهَمُ لَهُ، وَقِيلَ: يُخَيَّرُ بَيْنَ أَنْ يُسْهَمَ لَهُ وَتُطْرَحَ الْإِجَارَةُ، أَوِ الْإِجَارَةِ، وَلَا سَهْمَ لَهُ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: يُرْضَخُ لَهُ\n\n١٣٠٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: يُسْهَمُ لَهُ إِنْ قَاتَلَ، وَلَا يُسْهَمُ لَهُ إِنِ اشْتَغَلَ بِالْخِدْمَةِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ.\n\n١٣٠٦٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ، حَدِيثَانِ مُخْتَلِفَانِ بِاخْتِلَافِ حَالِ الْأَجِيرِ.","vol":"9","page":254},{"text":"١٣٠٦٤ - أَحَدُهُمَا: مَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ إِيَاسَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" كُنْتُ خَادِمًا لِطَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ أَسْقِي فَرَسَهُ، وَأَحُسُّهُ، وَآكُلُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ، وَتَرَكْتُ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ إِغَارَةِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ الْفَزَارِيِّ عَلَى ظَهْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَا صَنَعَ هُوَ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْنَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خَيْرُ فُرْسَانِنَا الْيَوْمَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، وَخَيْرُ رِجَالَتِنَا سَلَمَةُ». قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَعْطَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَهْمَ الْفَارِسِ وَسَهْمَ الرَّاجِلِ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِي قِصَّةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ","vol":"9","page":254},{"text":"١٣٠٦٥ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ: مَا رُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ قَالَ: فَالْتَمَسْتُ أَجِيرًا يَكْفِينِي، وَأُجْرِي لَهُ سَهْمُهُ، فَوَجَدْتُ رَجُلًا، فَلَمَّا دَنَا الرَّحِيلُ أَتَانِي، فَقَالَ: مَا أَدْرِي السُّهْمَانَ، وَمَا يَبْلُغُ سَهْمِي، فَسَمِّ لِي شَيْئًا كَانَ السَّهْمُ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ، فَسَمَّيْتُ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْ غَنِيمَتُهُ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُجْرِيَ لَهُ سَهْمَهُ، فَذَكَرْتُ الدَّنَانِيرَ، فَجِئْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ أَمْرَهُ، فَقَالَ:  «مَا أَجِدُ لَهُ فِي غَزْوَتِهِ هَذِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا دَنَانِيرَهُ الَّتِي سَمَّى».\n\n١٣٠٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو السَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ، أَنَّ يَعْلَى بْنَ مُنَبِّهٍ، قَالَ: أَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْغَزْوِ وَأَنَا شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، لَيْسَ لِي خَادِمٌ، فَالْتَمَسْتُ أَجِيرًا يَكْفِينِي، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"9","page":255},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-918>السَّرِيَّةُ تُبْعَثُ مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِ</span>\n١٣٠٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يُشْرِكُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ صَاحِبَهُ فِيمَا غَنِمُوا\n\n١٣٠٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لِأَنَّهُمْ جَيْشٌ وَاحِدٌ كُلُّهُمْ رَدَّ لِصَاحِبِهِ، قَدْ مَضَتْ خَيْلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَغَنِمَتْ بِأَوْطَاسٍ غَنَائِمَ كَثِيرَةً، وَأَكْثَرُ الْعَسْكَرِ بِحُنَيْنَ، فَشَرَكُوهُمْ، وَهُمْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"9","page":256},{"text":"١٣٠٦٩ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يَرُدُّ عَلَى الْجَيْشِ سَرَايَاهُمْ»","vol":"9","page":256},{"text":"١٣٠٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فَقَالَ: «الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ، يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ، يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ، تَرُدُّ سَرَايَاهُمْ عَلَى قَعَدَتِهِمْ» ⦗٢٥٧⦘.\n\n١٣٠٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَلَوْ كَانَ قَوْمٌ مُقِيمِينَ بِبِلَادِهِمْ، فَخَرَجَتْ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ، فَغَنِمُوا لَمْ يُشْرِكْهُمُ الْمُقِيمُونَ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْهُمْ قَرِيبًا؛ لِأَنَّ السَّرَايَا كَانَتْ تَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَتَغْنَمُ، فَلَا يُشْرِكْهُمْ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ","vol":"9","page":256},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-919>الْمَدَدُ يَلْحَقُ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْدَ انْقِطَاعِ الْحَرْبِ</span>","vol":"9","page":258},{"text":"١٣٠٧٢ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: \" أَمَدَّ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ أَهْلَ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ، فَجَاءُوا وَقَدْ غَنِمُوا، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ:  «إِنَّ الْغَنِيمَةَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٣٠٧٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِالْآيَةِ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ. . . .﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١]، فَجَعَلَ الْغَنِيمَةَ لِمَنْ غَنَمِهَا، وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا خُمُسًا لِمَنْ سَمَّى، ثُمَّ ⦗٢٥٩⦘ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنِ احْتَجَّ مُحْتَجٌّ أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إِلَى سَعْدٍ فِي جَيْشٍ لَحِقَ بِهِ بَعْدَمَا غَنِمَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَهُ، إِنْ جَاءُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَفَقَّدَ الْقَتْلَى.\n\n١٣٠٧٤ - قِيلَ: رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، مُرْسَلًا لَمْ يَرْوِهِ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُهُ","vol":"9","page":258},{"text":"١٣٠٧٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَى قَيْسٌ، عَنْ طَارِقٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «الْغَنِيمَةُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ».\n\n١٣٠٧٦ - فَحَدِيثُ طَارِقٍ أَصَحُّهُمَا، وَأَشْبَهُهُمَا فِي الْقِيَاسِ،\n\n١٣٠٧٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ فِي كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ أَتَمَّ مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"9","page":259},{"text":"١٣٠٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْرَزِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ الْحَوْطِيُّ، ح\n\n١٣٠٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَقَدِمَ أَبَانُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَمَا فَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ قَالَ: فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُسْهِمَ لَهُمْ شَيْئًا \" ⦗٢٦٠⦘.\n\n١٣٠٨٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الزُّبَيْدِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ.\n\n١٣٠٨١ - وَكِلَا الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ مَحْفُوظٌ قَالَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ","vol":"9","page":259},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-920>التَّسْوِيَةُ فِي الْقَسْمِ</span>","vol":"9","page":261},{"text":"١٣٠٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ شَعْرَةً مِنْ بَعِيرٍ فَقَالَ: «مَا لِي مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا الْخُمُسُ، وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ، وَلَا مِثْلُ هَذِهِ الْوَبَرَةِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ","vol":"9","page":261},{"text":"١٣٠٨٣ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ مُوسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْخِرِّيتِ، وَبُدَيْلٍ، وَخَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بُلْقِينَ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنِ الْغَنِيمَةِ، فَقَالَ: «لِلَّهِ وَاحِدٌ، وَلِهَؤُلَاءِ أَرْبَعَةٌ، يَعْنِي الْجَيْشَ، فَإِنْ رُمِيتَ بِسَهْمٍ فِي جَنْبِكَ، فَاسْتَخْرَجْتَهُ، فَلَسْتَ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَخِيكَ الْمُسْلِمِ»","vol":"9","page":261},{"text":"١٣٠٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِي، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: «لِلَّهِ خُمُسُهَا، وَأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ لِلْجَيْشِ» ⦗٢٦٢⦘ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: فَمَا أَحَدٌ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، وَلَا السَّهْمُ تَسْتَخْرِجُهُ مِنْ جَنْبِكَ أَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَخِيكَ الْمُسْلِمِ»","vol":"9","page":261},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-921>الْقَوْمُ يَهَبُونَ الْغَنِيمَةَ</span>","vol":"9","page":263},{"text":"١٣٠٨٥ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ سَأَلَهُ هَوَازِنُ الْهِبَةَ لِذَرَارِيِّهِمْ قَالَ لَهُمْ: «أَمَّا نَصِيبِي وَنَصِيبُ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَلَكُمْ، وَأَنَا مُكَلِّمٌ لَكُمُ النَّاسَ»، فَسَأَلَهُ النَّاسَ، فَأَعْطَوْهُ، إِلَّا عُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ بَدْرٍ، فَقَالَ: لَا أَتْرُكَ حِصَّتِي، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْتَ عَلَى حِصَّتِكَ»، فَوَقَعَتْ فِي سَهْمِهِ امْرَأَةٌ عَوْرَاءُ مِنْهُمْ \".\n\n١٣٠٨٦ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عَفَّانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ.\n\n١٣٠٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١٣٠٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ كَانُوا مَالِكِينَ، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا مَالِكِينَ مَا سَأَلَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا إِلَى هَوَازِنَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ بِمِلْكٍ.\n\n١٣٠٨٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْغَنِيمَةَ لِلْجَيْشِ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَشْرَكَهُمْ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا بِأَمْرٍ بَيِّنٍ ⦗٢٦٤⦘.\n\n١٣٠٩٠ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ عَطِيَّةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْأَقْرَعَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ، أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنْ خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ.\n\n١٣٠٩١ - وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْخُمُسِ: «هُوَ لِي، ثُمَّ هُوَ مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ»، فَلَمَّا أَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَبْعَدِينَ، أَنْكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ الْأَنْصَارُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ، وَقَالُوا: يُعْطِي غَنَائِمَنَا قَوْمًا تَقْطُرُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ مِنْ سُيُوفِنَا.\n\n١٣٠٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَقُولُوا: أَيُعْطِيهِمْ خُمُسَ غَنَائِمِنَا، وَفِينَا مَنْ يَسْتَحِقُّهَا؟.\n\n١٣٠٩٣ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ يَقُولُ الْقَائِلُ فِي خَمُسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ إِذَا مُيِّزَ مِنْهَا: نَحْنُ غَنِمْنَا هَذَا، وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنَّ سَبَبَ مَا مَلَكَ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ","vol":"9","page":263},{"text":"١٣٠٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْطَى الْأَقْرَعَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ مِنْ خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ».\n\n١٣٠٩٥ - فَقَوْلُهُ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ، فَذَلِكَ لَهُمْ، عَلَى ذَلِكَ غَزَوْا، وَذَهَبُوا فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: «مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ»، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْخُمُسِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٣٠٩٦ - وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ شَيْئًا ثَبَتَ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"9","page":264},{"text":"١٣٠٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ، فَقَالَ: «فِينَا أَصْحَابَ بَدْرٍ قَدْ نَزَلَتْ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ، نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ نُزُولَ الْآيَةِ وَالْقِسْمَةَ بَيْنَهُمْ","vol":"9","page":265},{"text":"١٣٠٩٨ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَمَنْ أَسَرَ أَسِيرًا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ تَنَازُعَهُمْ وَنُزُولَ الْآيَةِ فِي الْأَنْفَالِ، وَقِسْمَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْغَنِيمَةَ بَيْنَهُمْ.\n\n١٣٠٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ فِي بَعْثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، وَكَانَ الْفَيْءُ إِذْ ذَاكَ: مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ.\n\n١٣١٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ، وَقَدْ صَارَ الْأَمْرُ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ إِلَى مَا اخْتَارَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قِسْمَةِ أَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسٍ الْغَنِيمَةِ بَيْنَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ، وَقَدْ صَارَ الْأَمْرُ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ مِنْ حِصَّةِ الْقِتَالِ، وَأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَضَعُ سَهْمَهُ حَيْثُ أَرَاهُ اللَّهُ وَهُوَ","vol":"9","page":265},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-922>بَابُ تَفْرِيقِ الْخُمُسِ</span>\n١٣١٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ. . . . .﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١]","vol":"9","page":266},{"text":"١٣١٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَتَيْتُهُ أَنَا وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَؤُلَاءِ إِخْوَانُنَا مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ لَا يُنْكَرُ فَضْلُهُمْ لِمَكَانِكَ الَّذِي وَضَعَكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْهُمْ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِخْوَانَنَا مِنْ بَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ أَعْطَيْتَهُمْ وَتَرَكْتَنَا، أَوْ مَنَعْتَنَا، وَإِنَّمَا قَرَابَتُنَا وَقَرَابَتُهُمْ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِنَّمَا بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ هَكَذَا» وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ.\n\n١٣١٠٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْسِبُهُ دَاوُدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَطَّارَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ ⦗٢٦٧⦘.\n\n١٣١٠٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٣١٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِمُطَرِّفِ بْنِ مَازِنٍ، أَنَّ يُونُسَ، وَابْنَ إِسْحَاقَ رَوَيَا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ، فَلَعَلَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ رَوَاهُ عَنْهُمَا مَعًا.\n\n١٣١٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُجَمِّعٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ مُطَرِّفٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ مُطَرِّفًا، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، كِلَاهُمَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n١٣١٠٧ - وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَحْتَمِلُ مَا قَالَ مُطَرِّفٌ.\n\n١٣١٠٨ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ","vol":"9","page":266},{"text":"١٣١٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَشَيْتُ أَنَا وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَعْطَيْتَ بَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ وَتَرَكْتَنَا، وَإِنَّمَا نَحْنُ وَهُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِنَّمَا بَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ وَبَنُو هَاشِمٍ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ» ⦗٢٦٨⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ","vol":"9","page":267},{"text":"١٣١١٠ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَزَادَ قَالَ:  «وَلَمْ يَقْسِمِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِبَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَلَا لِبَنِي نَوْفَلٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْخُمُسِ شَيْئًا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِزِيَادَتِهِ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٣١١١ - وَاسْتَشْهَدَ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَيْضًا بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ.\n\n١٣١١٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ الْإِكْلِيلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٣١١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ","vol":"9","page":268},{"text":"١٣١١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗٢٦٩⦘، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَهْمَ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَى مِنْ خَيْبَرَ بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ جِئْتُ أَنَا وَعُثْمَانُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، لَا يُنْكَرُ فَضْلُهُمْ لِمَكَانِكَ الَّذِي وَضَعَكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْهُمْ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِخْوَانَنَا بَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ أَعْطَيْتَهُمْ وَتَرَكْتَنَا، وَإِنَّمَا نَحْنُ وَهُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُفَارِقُونَا فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلَا إِسْلَامٍ، إِنَّمَا بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَالْمُطَّلِبِ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ» ثُمَّ شَبَّكَ يَدَيْهِ، إِحْدَاهُمَا فِي الْأُخْرَى","vol":"9","page":268},{"text":"١٣١١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أُخْبِرْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ قَالَ:  «قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِ مِنْهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَلَا بَنِي نَوْفَلٍ شَيْئًا»","vol":"9","page":269},{"text":"١٣١١٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، يَعْنِي مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ مَعْمَرٍ، وَزَادَ  «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ»","vol":"9","page":269},{"text":"١٣١١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ، هَكَذَا لَمْ يُفَارِقُونَا فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلَا إِسْلَامٍ» وَأَعْطَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى دُونَ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَبَنِي نَوْفَلٍ \" ⦗٢٧٠⦘.\n\n١٣١١٨ - هَكَذَا قَالَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ","vol":"9","page":269},{"text":"١٣١١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمَّا أَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى دَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَا الْقُرْبَى الَّذِينَ جَعَلَ لَهُمْ سَهْمًا مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ، دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ \"","vol":"9","page":270},{"text":"١٣١٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ لَيْسَ لِذِي الْقُرْبَى مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ: فَإِنَّ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ رَوَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ: \" مَا صَنَعَ عَلِيٌّ فِي الْخُمُسِ؟ فَقَالَ: «سَلَكَ بِهِ طَرِيقَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، وَكَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ عَلَيْهِ خِلَافُهُمَا، وَكَانَ هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَرَى رَأَيًا خِلَافَ رَأْيِهِمَا فَاتَّبَعَهُمَا».\n\n١٣١٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: هَلْ عَلِمْتَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَسَمَ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ وَالْحُرِّ وَسَوَّى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَقَسَمَ عُمَرُ فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِلْعَبِيدِ شَيْئًا، وَفَضَّلَ بَعْضَ النَّاسِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَقَسَمَ عَلِيٌّ فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِلْعَبِيدِ شَيْئًا وَسَوَّى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ؟\n\n١٣١٢٢ - قَالَ: نَعَمْ.\n\n١٣١٢٣ - قُلْتُ: أَفَتَعْلَمُهُ خَالَفَهُمَا مَعًا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ.\n\n١٣١٢٤ - قُلْتُ: أَوَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: لَا تُبَاعُ أُمَّهَاتُ الْأَوْلَادِ، وَخَالَفَهُ عَلِيٌّ؟\n\n١٣١٢٥ - قَالَ: نَعَمْ.\n\n١٣١٢٦ - قَالَ: أَوَ تَعْلَمُ عَلِيًّا خَالَفَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فِي الْجَدِّ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ.\n\n١٣١٢٧ - قُلْتُ: فَكَيْفَ جَازَ لَكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عِنْدَكَ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتَ مِنْ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا رَأَى غَيْرَ رَأْيِهِمَا فَاتَّبَعَهُمَا، وَبَيِّنٌ عِنْدَكَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يُخَالِفُهُمَا فِيمَا وَصَفْنَا وَفِي غَيْرِهِ؟ قَالَ: فَمَا قَوْلُهُ: سَلَكَ بِهِ طَرِيقَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ؟ ⦗٢٧١⦘\n\n١٣١٢٨ - قُلْنَا: هَذَا كَلَامُ جُمْلَةٍ يَحْتَمِلُ مَعَانِيَ.\n\n١٣١٢٩ - قَالَ: فَإِنْ قُلْتَ: كَيْفَ صَنَعَ فِيهِ عَلِيٌّ، فَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّنِي عَلَى مَا صَنَعَ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ","vol":"9","page":270},{"text":"١٣١٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أُخْبِرْنَا، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ حَسَنًا، وَحُسَيْنًا، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ سَأَلُوا عَلِيًّا بِقِسْمٍ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، قَالَ: «هُوَ لَكُمْ حَقٌّ، وَلَكِنِّي مُحَارِبُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ تَرَكْتُمْ حَقَّكُمْ مِنْهُ».\n\n١٣١٣١ - رَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ.\n\n١٣١٣٢ - قَالَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: أَخْبَرْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ، هَكَذَا كَانَ جَعْفَرٌ يُحَدِّثُهُ، أَفَمَا حَدَّثَكَهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا قَالَ: فَمَا أَحْسِبُهُ إِلَّا عَنْ جَدِّهِ.\n\n١٣١٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَجَعْفَرٌ أَوْثَقُ وَأَعْرَفُ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِيهِ، أَوِ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ؟\n\n١٣١٣٤ - قَالَ: بَلْ جَعْفَرٌ\n\n١٣١٣٥ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنَّ الْكُوفِيِّينَ، قَدْ رَوَوْا فِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ شَيْئًا أَفَعَلِمْتَهُ؟\n\n١٣١٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ.\n\n١٣١٣٧ - وَرَوَوْا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِنَا.\n\n١٣١٣٨ - قَالَ: وَمَا ذَاكَ؟","vol":"9","page":271},{"text":"١٣١٣٩ - فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ ⦗٢٧٢⦘ مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ، وَرَجُلٍ لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ كِلَاهُمَا، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: لَقِيتُ عَلِيًّا عِنْدَ أَحْجَارِ الزَّيْتِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي، مَا فَعَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ فِي حَقِّكُمْ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ؟ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «أَمَّا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵀، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي زَمَانِهِ أَخْمَاسٌ، وَمَا كَانَ فَقَدْ أَوْفَانَاهُ، وَأَمَّا عُمَرُ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعْطِينَاهُ حَتَّى جَاءَهُ مَالُ السُّوسِ وَالْأَهْوَارِ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «الْأَهْوَازِ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «فَارِسَ» أَنَا أَشُكُّ، يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ. فَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ مَطَرٍ، أَوْ حَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ، فَقَالَ: فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَلَّةٌ، فَإِنْ أَحْبَبْتُمْ تَرَكْتُمْ حَقَّكُمْ، فَجَعَلْنَاهُ فِي خَلَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، حَتَّى يَأْتِيَنَا مَالٌ، فَأُوَفِّيكُمْ حَقَّكُمْ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ لِعَلِيٍّ: لَا تُطْعِمْهُ فِي حَقِّنَا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا الْفَضْلِ، أَلَسْنَا أَحَقَّ مَنْ أَجَابَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَرَفَعَ خَلَّةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَتُوُفِّيَ عُمَرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ مَالٌ فَيَقْضِينَاهُ. وَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ فِي حَدِيثِ مَطَرٍ وَالْآخَرِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: لَكُمْ حَقٌّ، وَلَا يَبْلُغُ عِلْمِي إِذَا كَثُرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَكُمْ كُلُّهُ، فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ أَعْطَيْتُكُمْ مِنْهُ، بِقَدْرِ مَا أَرَى لَكُمْ، فَأَبَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا كُلَّهُ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَنَا كُلَّهُ \"","vol":"9","page":271},{"text":"١٣١٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْبَرِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا يَقُولُ: \" اجْتَمَعْتُ أَنَا وَالْعَبَّاسُ، وَفَاطِمَةُ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ، عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،  «إِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُوَفِّيَنَا حَقَّنَا مِنْ هَذَا الْخُمُسِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فَاقْسِمْهُ حَيَاتَكَ كَيْ لَا يُنَازِعَنِي أَحَدٌ بَعْدَكَ، فَافْعَلْ؟» قَالَ: فَفَعَلَ، فَقَسَمْتُهُ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ وَلَّانِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى كَانَتْ آخِرُ سَنَةٍ مِنْ سِنِيِّ عُمَرَ، فَإِنَّهُ أَتَاهُ مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَعَزَلَ حَقَّنَا ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ ⦗٢٧٣⦘، فَقُلْتُ: بِنَا عَنْهُ الْعَامَ غِنًى، وَبِالْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةٌ، فَارْدُدْهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَدْعُنِي إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ بَعْدَ عُمَرَ، فَلَقِيتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: يَا عَلِيُّ، أَحَرَمْتَنَا الْغَدَاةَ شَيْئًا لَا يُرَدُّ عَلَيْنَا أَبَدًا، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا دَاهِيًا \"\n\n١٣١٤١ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْبَرِيدِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ اخْتَصَرَهُ","vol":"9","page":272},{"text":"١٣١٤٢ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ الْحَرُورِيَّ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي سَهْمِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «هُوَ لَنَا، أَعْطَانَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ عَزَمَ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ يُنْكِحَ مِنْهُ أَيِّمَنَا، وَيَقْضِي عَنْ غَارِمِنَا، فَأَبَيْنَا إِلَّا أَنْ يُسَلِّمَهُ إِلَيْنَا كُلَّهُ، وَأَبَى عَلَيْنَا».\n\n١٣١٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْبَسَةُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لِقُرْبَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: قَسَمَهُ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٣١٤٤ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْهُ: قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ يَقْسِمُ سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى؟ وَلَيْسَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ مُتَوَاطِئَةً ⦗٢٧٤⦘.\n\n١٣١٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ: هَذَا قَوْلُ مَنْ لَا عِلْمَ لَهُ. هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُثْبِتُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنَّهُ أَعْطَاهُمُوهُ، وَعُمَرُ حَتَّى كَثُرَ الْمَالُ، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفَ عَنْهُ فِي الْكَثْرَةِ.\n\n١٣١٤٦ - وَقُلْتُ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَذْهَبَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْحَدِيثِ: إِذَا كَانَ الشَّيْءُ مَنْصُوصًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مُبَيَّنًا عَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ فِعْلِهِ، أَلَيْسَ يُسْتَغْنَى بِهِ عَنْ أَنْ يُسْأَلَ عَمَّا بَعْدَهُ، وَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّ فَرْضَ اللَّهِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ اتِّبَاعُهُ.\n\n١٣١٤٧ - قَالَ: بَلَى.\n\n١٣١٤٨ - قُلْتُ: أَفَتَجِدُ سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى مَفْرُوضًا فِي آيَتَيْنِ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مُبَيَّنًا عَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَيَفْعَلُهُ بِأَثْبَتِ مَا يَكُونُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ النَّاسِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا ثِقَةُ الْمُخْبِرِينَ بِهِ، وَاتِّصَالُهُ، وَأَنَّهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ أَهْلُ قَرَابَةٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، الزُّهْرِيُّ مِنْ أَخْوَالِهِ، وَابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِنْ أَخْوَالِ أَبِيهِ، وَجُبَيْرُ بْنُ مُطْعِمٍ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ، وَكُلُّهُمْ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُ فِي جَذْمِ النَّسَبِ، وَهُمْ يُخْبِرُونَكَ مَعَ قَرَابَتِهِمْ، وَشَرَفِهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ مُخْرَجُونَ مِنْهُ، وَأَنَّ غَيْرَهُمْ مَخْصُوصٌ بِهِ دُونَهُمْ، وَيُخْبِرُكَ جُبَيْرٌ أَنَّهُ طَلَبَهُ هُوَ وَعُثْمَانُ، فَمَنَعَاهُ، فَمَتَى تَجِدُ سُنَّةً أَثْبَتَ بِفَرْضِ الْكِتَابِ، وَصِحَّةِ الْمُخْبِرِ، وَهَذِهِ الدَّلَالَاتُ مِنْ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةِ الَّتِي لَمْ يُعَارِضْهَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُعَارِضٌ بِخِلَافِهَا. ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا.\n\n١٣١٤٩ - وَجَرَى فِي خِلَالِ كَلَامِهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْطَى أَبَا الْفَضْلِ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَهُوَ فِي كَثْرَةِ الْمَالِ يَعُولُ عَامَّةَ بَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَيَتَفَضَّلُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِمْ","vol":"9","page":273},{"text":"١٣١٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ مَنْجُوفٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: \" بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيًّا إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ لِيَقْبِضَ الْخُمُسَ، فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ جَارِيَةً، فَأَصْبَحَ وَرَأْسُهُ يَقْطُرُ ⦗٢٧٥⦘، قَالَ خَالِدُ لِبُرَيْدَةَ: أَلَا تَرَى مَا يَصْنَعُ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: وَكُنْتُ أَبْغَضُ عَلِيًّا، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «يَا بُرَيْدَةُ أَتُبْغِضُ عَلِيًّا؟» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: «فَأَحِبَّهُ، فَإِنَّ لَهُ فِي الْخُمُسِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ\n\n١٣١٥١ - وَبُنْدَارٌ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، وَبُنْدَارٌ لَقَبُهُ، وَهُوَ مَعْرُوفٌ بِلَقَبِهِ، ذَكَرَهُ صَاحِبُ جَامِعِ الْأُصُولِ، ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي آخِرِ أَبْوَابِ غَزْوَةِ الطَّائِفِ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَغَازِي، عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ\n\n١٣١٥٢ - وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي تَوْلِيَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِيَّاهُ حَقَّهُمْ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ لَهُمْ هَذَا السَّهْمَ عَلَى جِهَةِ الِاسْتِحْقَاقِ، إِذْ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى جِهَةِ الِاسْتِحْقَاقِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مَوْكُولًا إِلَى رَأْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يُعْطِيهِ مَنْ شَاءَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ، ثُمَّ سَقَطَ حُكْمُهُ لِمَوْتِهِ، كَمَا سَقَطَ حُكْمُ سَهْمِ الصَّفِيِّ، كَمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ مَنْ يُسَوِّي الْأَخْبَارَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، لَمَا اسْتَحَلَّ عَلِيٌّ ﵁ أَخْذَ جَارِيَةٍ مِنْهُ، وَالْوقُوعَ عَلَيْهَا، وَلَمَا عَذَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَلَمَا احْتَجَّ لَهُ بِأَنَّ لَهُ فِي الْخُمُسِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٣١٥٣ - وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْقَائِلَ اسْتَدَلَّ، فَقَالَ: لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا السَّهْمُ لَهُمْ عَلَى ⦗٢٧٦⦘ جِهَةِ الِاسْتِحْقَاقِ، مَا جَازَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ بَعْضًا دُونَ بَعْضٍ، وَلَمْ يُفَكِّرْ فِي نَفْسِهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا بُعِثَ مُبَيِّنًا لِيُبَيِّنَ لِأُمَّتِهِ مَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِكِتَابِهِ، عَامًّا أَوْ خَاصًّا.\n\n١٣١٥٤ - وَلَيْسَ هَذَا أَوَّلَ عُمُومٍ وَرَدَ فِي الْعُمُومِ، فَبَيَّنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ خاصٌّ دُونَ عَامٍّ.\n\n١٣١٥٥ - ثُمَّ لَمْ يَقْتَصِرِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْحُكْمِ عَلَى مُجَرَّدِ الْبَيَانِ حَتَّى ذَكَرَ عِلَّتَهُ، فَقَالَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الثَّابِتَةِ.\n\n١٣١٥٦ - وَقَدْ أَعْطَى جَمِيعَ مَنْ أَخْبَرَ عَنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُمْ مُرَادُونَ بِذِي الْقُرْبَى، وَهُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ، لَا نَعْلَمُهُ حَرَمَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا.\n\n١٣١٥٧ - وَقَدْ نَقَلْنَا فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ مِنْ كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْجَدِيدِ، وَتَشْبِيهُهُ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ سَقَطَ بِمَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِلَا حُجَّةٍ بِقَوْلِ مَالِكِ بْنِ نُوَيْرَةَ، حِينَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ فَرْضَ الزَّكَاةِ رُفِعَ بِرَفْعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا يَكُونُ جَوَابًا عَنْ جَمِيعِ أَسْئِلَتِهِمْ، مَنْ أَرَادَ الْوقُوفَ عَلَيْهِ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"9","page":274},{"text":"١٣١٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: «فَيُعْطَى جَمِيعُ سَهْمِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى حَيْثُ كَانُوا، وَيُعْطَى الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ سَهْمًا».\n\n١٣١٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: غَنِيُّهُمْ، وَفَقِيرُهُمْ، ذَكَرُهُمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ سَوَاءٌ، لِأَنَّهُمْ أُعْطُوا بِاسْمِ الْقَرَابَةِ.\n\n١٣١٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَيُفَرَّقُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَخْمَاسِ الْخُمُسِ عَلَى مَنْ سَمَّى اللَّهُ، عَلَى الْيَتَامَى، وَالْمَسَاكِينَ، وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ فِي بِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ كُلِّهَا، لِكُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهُمْ سَهْمُهُ ⦗٢٧٧⦘.\n\n١٣١٦١ - وَقَدْ مَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي مَاضِيًا، وَصَلَّى اللَّهُ وَمَلَائِكَتُهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عِنْدَنَا فِي سَهْمِهِ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: يُرَدُّ عَلَى السُّهْمَانِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اللَّهُ مَعَهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ.\n\n١٣١٦٢ - قَالَ: وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: يَضَعُهُ الْإِمَامُ حَيْثُ رَأَى عَلَى الِاجْتِهَادِ لِلْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ.\n\n١٣١٦٣ - وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: يَضَعُهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ\n\n١٣١٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي أَخْتَارُ أَنْ يَضَعَهُ الْإِمَامُ فِي كُلِّ أَمْرٍ حَصَّنَ بِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ وَأَهْلَهُ، مِنْ سَدِّ ثَغْرٍ، أَوْ إِعْدَادِ كُرَاعٍ، أَوْ سِلَاحٍ، أَوْ أَعْطَاهُ أَهْلَ الْبَلَاءِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، نَفْلًا عِنْدَ الْحَرْبِ، وَغَيْرِ الْحَرْبِ، إِعْدَادًا لِلزِّيَادَةِ فِي تَعْزِيزِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ عَلَى مَا صَنَعَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَعْطَى الْمُؤَلَّفَةَ، وَنَفَلَ فِي الْحَرْبِ، وَأَعْطَى عَامَ خَيْبَرَ نَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ أَهْلَ حَاجَةٍ وَفَضْلٍ، وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ أَهْلُ فَاقَةٍ، نَرَى ذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ كُلَّهُ مِنْ سَهْمِهِ.\n\n١٣١٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: سَهْمُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِوَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ يَقُومُ فِيهِ مَقَامَهُ","vol":"9","page":276},{"text":"١٣١٦٦ - وَرَوَوْا فِي ذَلِكَ رِوَايَةً عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ جَمِيعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، \" أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ أَتَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «إِذَا أَطْعَمَ اللَّهُ نَبِيًّا طُعْمَةً فَهُوَ لِوَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٧٨⦘.\n\n١٣١٦٧ - إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَتْ لِلَّذِي يَلِي مِنْ بَعْدِهِ»، فَلَمَّا وُلِيتُ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَتْ: أَنْتَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَعْلَمُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ.\n\n١٣١٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ جَمِيعٍ َإِنَّمَا اعْتَذَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ: «لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ».","vol":"9","page":277},{"text":"١٣١٦٩ - وَبِهِ احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَيْثُ جَعَلَ سَهْمَ الرَّسُولِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ كَانَتْ تَوْلِيَتَهَا لِلَّذِي يَلِي بَعْدَهُ، يَصْرِفُهَا فِي مَصَالِحِهِمْ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":278},{"text":"١٣١٧٠ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ الْكَلْبِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ، \" أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ ﵂ أَتَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَسْأَلُهُ سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى، فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «سَهْمُ ذِي الْقُرْبَى لَهُمْ حَيَاتِي، وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِي». وَهَذَا بَاطِلٌ لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ، الْكَلْبِيُّ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ ضَعِيفٌ، وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ جَمِيعَ مَا رُوِيَ صَحِيحًا فِي قِصَّةِ فَاطِمَةَ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ","vol":"9","page":278},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-923>بَابُ تَفْرِيقِ مَا أُخِذَ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسِ الْفَيْءِ غَيْرِ الْمُوجَفِ عَلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"9","page":279},{"text":"١٣١٧١ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ: «فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، أَنَّ لَهُمُ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا وَاخْتَارُوا دَارَهُمْ، فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ مِثْلَ أَعْرَابِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ، وَالْغَنِيمَةِ نَصِيبٌ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ».\n\n١٣١٧٢ - قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ: وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمٌ هُوَ ابْنُ هَيْصَمٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ ⦗٢٨٠⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"9","page":279},{"text":"١٣١٧٣ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الْيَمَانِ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ، وَحَدِيثَ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ الْفَيْءُ قَسَمَهُ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ، فَأَعْطَى الْأَعْزَبَ حَظًّا وَالْآهِلَ حَظَّيْنِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيِّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ جَمِيعًا، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"9","page":280},{"text":"١٣١٧٤ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ شَبَابَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نِيَارٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ:  «أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ الْخُمُسَ لِلْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدِ»","vol":"9","page":280},{"text":"١٣١٧٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي قُرَّةَ قَالَ:  «قَسَمَ لِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَمَا قَسَمَ لِسَيِّدِي» ⦗٢٨١⦘.\nأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ دُونَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي قُرَّةَ.\n\n١٣١٧٦ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ فِي الْمَمَالِيكِ: أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ حَقٌّ، وَاخْتَارَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":280},{"text":"١٣١٧٧ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَحَدٌ لَقِيتُهُ فِي أَنَّ لَيْسَ لِلْمَمَالِيكِ فِي الْعَطَاءِ حَقٌّ، وَلَا لِلْأَعْرَابِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَهْلُ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي التَّفْضِيلِ عَلَى السَّابِقَةِ وَالنَّسَبِ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: أُسَاوِي بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَلَا أُفَضِّلُ عَلَى نَسَبٍ، وَلَا سَابِقَةٍ، فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ حِينَ قَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: \" أَتَجْعَلُ الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا فِي اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَهَجَرُوا دِيَارَهُمْ، كَمَنْ إِنَّمَا دَخَلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ كُرْهًا؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: «إِنَّمَا عَمِلُوا لِلَّهِ، وَإِنَّمَا أُجُورُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَإِنَّمَا الدُّنْيَا بَلَاغٌ، وَخَيْرُ الْبَلَاغِ أَوْسَعُهُ». قَالَ: وَسَوَّى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، فَلَمْ يُفَضِّلْ أَحَدًا عَلِمْنَاهُ.\n\n١٣١٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي أَخْتَارُ، وَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ التَّوْفِيقَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حُجَّتَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":281},{"text":"١٣١٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ ⦗٢٨٢⦘ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ قَالَ: «مَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَلَهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ حَقٌّ، أُعْطِيَهُ أَوْ مُنِعَهُ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ»","vol":"9","page":281},{"text":"١٣١٨٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ نَحْوَهُ، وَقَالَ:  «لَئِنْ عِشْتُ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ الرَّاعِي بِسُرَّ وَحِمْيَرَ حَقَّهُ»","vol":"9","page":282},{"text":"١٣١٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يَحْتَمِلُ مَعَانِيَ، مِنْهَا أَنْ يَقُولَ: لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يُعْطِي بِمَعْنَى حَاجَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، أَوْ بِمَعْنَى أَنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَيْءِ الَّذِينَ يَغْزُونَ إِلَّا وَلَهُ حَقٌّ فِي مَالِ الْفَيْءِ أَوِ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَهَذَا كَأَنَّهُ أَوْلَى مَعَانِيهِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ: «لَا حَظَّ فِيهَا لِغَنِيٍّ، وَلَا لِذِي مِرَّةٍ مُكْتَسِبٍ».\n\n١٣١٨٢ - قَالَ: وَالَّذِي أَحْفَظُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، أَنَّ الْأَعْرَابَ، لَا يُعْطُونَ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ\n\n١٣١٨٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ كَلَامَهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَأَهْلُ الْفَيْءِ كَانُوا فِي زَمَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْزَلٍ عَنِ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَأَهْلُ الصَّدَقَةِ بِمَعْزَلٍ عَنِ الْفَيْءِ\n\n١٣١٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٣١٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ⦗٢٨٣⦘.\n\n١٣١٨٦ - وَاسْتَثْنَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ أَنْ لَا يُصَابَ أَحَدُ الْمَالَيْنِ وَبِالصِّنْفَيْنِ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةٌ.\n\n١٣١٨٧ - وَقَدْ أَعَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ فِي خُرُوجِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ بِمَا أَتَى بِهِ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ مِنْ صَدَقَةِ قَوْمِهِ، فَلَمْ يُنْكَرْ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ، إِذْ كَانَتْ بِالْقَوْمِ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةٌ وَالْفَيْءُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-924>الْعَطَاءُ الْوَاجِبُ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ لِلْبَالِغِ الَّذِي يُطِيقُ مِثْلُهُ الْقِتَالَ</span>","vol":"9","page":284},{"text":"١٣١٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «عُرِضْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَامَ أُحُدٍ، وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَرَدَّنِي، ثُمَّ عُرِضْتُ عَلَيْهِ عَامَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَأَجَازَنِي» ⦗٢٨٥⦘.\n\n١٣١٨٩ - قَالَ نَافِعٌ: فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا فَرْقٌ بَيْنَ الْمُقَاتِلَةِ وَالذُّرِّيَّةِ، وَكَتَبَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ لِابْنِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فِي الْمُقَاتِلَةِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهَا فِي الذُّرِّيَّةِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"9","page":284},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-925>رِزْقُ الْوَالِي</span>","vol":"9","page":286},{"text":"١٣١٩٠ - رُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «إِنِّي أَنْزَلْتُ نَفْسِي مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وَالِي الْيَتِيمِ، إِنِ احْتَجْتُ أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ، فَإِذَا أَيْسَرْتُ رَدَدْتُهُ، وَإِنِ اسْتَغْنَيْتُ اسْتَعْفَفْتُ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"9","page":286},{"text":"١٣١٩١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ ⦗٢٨٧⦘ حَمْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّبٍ الْعَبْدِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ: «إِنِّي أَنْزَلْتُ نَفْسِي مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، إِنِ اسْتَغْنَيْتُ اسْتَعْفَفْتُ، وَإِنِ افْتَقَرْتُ أَكَلْتُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ»","vol":"9","page":286},{"text":"١٣١٩٢ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَابْنِ عَوْنٍ، وَهِشَامٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قِيلَ لَهُ فِي أَمَةٍ مَرَّتْ، فَقَالَ: \" إِنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ لِي، إِنَّهَا مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ، وَقَالَ: أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِمَا أَسْتَحِلُّ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ قَالَ: بِمَا تَحِلُّ لِي، اسْتَحَلَّتْ مِنْهُ حُلِيَّائِي، حُلَّةُ الشِّتَاءِ، وَحُلَّةُ الْقَيْظِ، وَمَا أحْجُجُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَعْتَمِرُ، وَقُوتِي وَقُوتُ عِيَالِي كَقُوتِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، لَا مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ، وَلَا مِنْ فُقَرَائِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أَنَا بَعْدُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، يُصِيبَنِي مَا أَصَابَهُمْ \".\n\n١٣١٩٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ","vol":"9","page":287},{"text":"١٣١٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ: أَنَّهُ لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ عَبَرَ إِلَى السُّوقِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: \" أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ قَالَ: السُّوقَ. قَالَ: قَدْ جَاءَكَ مَا يَشْغَلُكَ عَنِ السُّوقِ. قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، يَشْغَلُنِي عَنْ عِيَالِي؟. قَالَ: تُفْرَضُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ \"","vol":"9","page":287},{"text":"١٣١٩٥ - فَذَكَرُوا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِنْفَاقَهُ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ وَبَعْضٍ أُخْرَى ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَوَصِيَّتُهُ بِرَدِّهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، وَقَوْلُ عُمَرَ: «رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، لَقَدْ أَتْعَبَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ تَعَبًا شَدِيدًا»","vol":"9","page":288},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-926>التَّعْجِيلُ بِقِسْمَةِ مَالِ الْفَيْءِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ</span>","vol":"9","page":289},{"text":"١٣١٩٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: \" أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قُدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِمَا أُصِيبَ الْعِرَاقُ قَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ: أَنَا أُدْخِلُهُ بَيْتَ الْمَالِ، قَالَ: \" لَا وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ، لَا يُؤْوَى تَحْتَ سَقْفِ بَيْتٍ حَتَّى أَقْسِمَهُ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَوُضِعَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَوُضِعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْأَنْطَاعُ، وَحَرَسَهُ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا مَعَهُ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، أَخَذَ بِيَدِ أَحَدِهِمَا، أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا أَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ كَشَفُوا الْأَنْطَاعَ عَنِ الْأَمْوَالِ، فَرَأَى مَنْظَرًا لَمْ يَرَ مِثْلَهُ، رَأَى الذَّهَبَ فِيهِ، وَالْيَاقُوتَ، وَالزَّبَرْجَدَ، وَاللُّؤْلُؤَ يَتَلَأْلَأُ، فَبَكَى، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَحَدُهُمَا: إِنَّهُ، وَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ بِيَوْمِ بُكَاءٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَوْمُ شُكْرٍ وَسُرُورٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا ذَهَبْتُ حَيْثُ ذَهَبْتَ، وَلَكِنَّهُ مَا كَثُرَ هَذَا فِي قَوْمٍ قَطُّ ⦗٢٩٠⦘ إِلَّا وَقَعَ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْقِبْلَةِ، وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَكُونَ مُسْتَدْرَجًا، فَإِنِّي أَسْمَعُكَ تَقُولُ: ﴿سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ. . . . .﴾ [الأعراف: ١٨٢]، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيْنَ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ جُعْشُمٍ، فَأُتِيَ بِأَشْعَرِ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ دَقِيقِهِمَا، فَأَعْطَاهُ سِوَارَيْ كِسْرَى، فَقَالَ: الْبَسْهُمَا، فَفَعَلَ، فَقَالَ: قُلِ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ قَالَ: قُلِ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي سَلَبَهُمَا كِسْرَى بْنَ هُرْمُزَ وَأَلْبَسَهُمَا سُرَاقَةَ بْنَ جُعْشُمٍ، أَعْرَابِيًّا مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ، وَجَعَلَ يُقَلِّبُ بَعْضَ ذَلِكَ بَعْضًا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الَّذِي أَدَّى هَذَا لَأَمِينٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا أُخْبِرُكُ، أَنْتَ أَمِينُ اللَّهِ، وَهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَ إِلَيْكَ مَا أَدَّيْتَ إِلَى اللَّهِ، فَإِذَا رَفَعْتَ رَفَعُوا قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، ثُمَّ فَرَّقَهُ \"","vol":"9","page":289},{"text":"١٣١٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا أَلْبَسَهُمَا سُرَاقَةَ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِسُرَاقَةَ وَنَظَرَ إِلَى ذِرَاعَيْهِ: «كَأَنِّي بِكَ قَدْ لَبِسْتَ سِوَارَيْ كِسْرَى». قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ إِلَّا سِوَارَيْنِ","vol":"9","page":290},{"text":"١٣١٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ: \" أَنْفَقَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الرَّمَادَةِ حَتَّى وَقَعَ مَطَرٌ، فَتَرَحَّلُوا، فَخَرَجَ عُمَرُ إِلَيْهِمْ رَاكِبًا فَرَسًا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ يَتَرَحَّلُونَ بِظَعَائِنِهِمْ، فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي مُحَارِبِ بْنِ خَصَفَةَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهَا انْحَسَرَتْ عَنْكَ، وَلَسْتَ بِابْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَيْلَكَ، ذَلِكَ لَوْ كُنْتُ أَنْفَقْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ مَالِي، أَوْ مَالِ الْخَطَّابِ، إِنَّمَا أَنْفَقْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ ﷿ \"","vol":"9","page":290},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-927>بَابُ مَا لَمْ يُوجَفْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَرَضِينَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ</span>\n١٣١٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: الدُّورُ وَالْأَرْضُونَ مِمَّا تَصَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَقْفٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ تُسْتَغَلُّ، وَيَقْسِمُ الْإِمَامُ غَلَّتَهَا فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ.\n\n١٣٢٠٠ - قَالَ: وَأَحْسِبُ مَا تَرَكَ عُمَرُ ﵁ مِنْ بِلَادِ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ هَكَذَا، أَوْ شَيْئًا اسْتَطَابَ أَنْفُسَ مَنْ ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ بِخَيْلٍ وَرِكَابٍ فَتَرَكُوهُ، كَمَا اسْتَطَابَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْفُسَ أَهْلِ سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ، فَتَرَكُوا حُقُوقَهُمْ ⦗٢٩٢⦘.\n\n١٣٢٠١ - قَالَ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ عَوَّضَهُ مِنْ حَقِّهِ وَعَوَّضَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ حَقِّهَا بِمِيرَاثِهَا مِنْ أَبِيهَا، كَالدَّلِيلِ عَلَى مَا قُلْتُ.\n\n١٣٢٠٢ - وَيُشْبِهُ قَوْلُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ: لَوْلَا أَنِّي قَاسِمٌ مَسْئُولٌ لَتَرَكْتُكُمْ عَلَى مَا قَسَمَ لَكُمْ، أَنْ يَكُونَ قَسَمَ لَهُمْ بِلَادَ صُلْحٍ مَعَ بِلَادَ إِيجَافٍ، فَرَدَّ قَسَمَ الصُّلْحِ، وَعَوَّضَ مِنْ بِلَادِ الْإِيجَافِ بِالْخَيْلِ وَالرِّكَابِ","vol":"9","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-928>بَابُ تَعْرِيفِ الْعُرَفَاءِ وَعَقْدِ الْأَلْوِيَةِ</span>\n١٣٢٠٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا. . . .﴾ [الحجرات: ١٣] \"","vol":"9","page":293},{"text":"١٣٢٠٤ - قَالَ: وَرَوَى الزُّهْرِيُّ: \" أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَرَّفَ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ عَلَى كُلِّ عَشْرَةٍ عَرِيفًا: \"","vol":"9","page":293},{"text":"١٣٢٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:: \" وَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ شِعَارًا، وَلِلْأَوْسِ شِعَارًا، وَلِلْخَزْرَجِ شِعَارًا، وَعَقَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَلْوِيَةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، فَعَقَدَ لِلْقَبَائِلِ قَبِيلَةً قَبِيلَةً، حَتَّى جَعَلَ فِي الْقَبِيلَةِ أَلْوِيَةً، كُلُّ لِوَاءٍ لِأَهْلِهِ، وَكُلُّ هَذَا لِيَتَعَارَفَ النَّاسُ فِي الْحَرْبِ وَغَيْرِهَا، فَتَخِفَّ الْمُؤْنَةُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِاجْتِمَاعِهِمْ، وَعَلَى الْوَالِي كَذَلِكَ: \". ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ.\n\n١٣٢٠٦ - وَأَسَانِيدُ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"9","page":293},{"text":"١٣٢٠٧ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:: \" جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شِعَارَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: «يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ»، وَشِعَارَ الْخَزْرَجِ: «يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ»، وَشِعَارَ الْأَوْسِ: «يَا بَنِي عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ»، وَسَمَّى خَيْلَهُ «خَيْلَ اللَّهِ».\n\n١٣٢٠٨ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"9","page":294},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-929>إِعْطَاءُ الْفَيْءِ عَلَى الدِّيوَانِ</span>","vol":"9","page":295},{"text":"١٣٢٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ لَمَّا دَوَّنَ الدَّوَاوِينَ. فَقَالَ: «بِمَنْ تَرَوْنَ أَنْ أَبْدَأَ؟» فَقِيلَ لَهُ: ابْدَأْ بِالْأَقْرَبِ، فَالْأَقْرَبِ بِكَ. قَالَ: «بَلْ أَبْدَأُ بِالْأَقْرَبِ فَالْأَقْرَبِ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"9","page":299},{"text":"١٣٢١٠ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ قَبَائِلِ قُرَيْشٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ لَمَّا كَثُرَ الْمَالُ فِي زَمَانِهِ، أَجْمَعَ عَلَى أَنْ يُدَوِّنَ الدَّوَاوِينَ، فَاسْتَشَارَ، فَقَالَ: «بِمَنْ تَرَوْنَ أَنْ أَبْدَأَ؟» فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: ابْدَأْ بِالْأَقْرَبِ فَالْأَقْرَبِ بِكَ ⦗٣٠٠⦘.\nقَالَ: «ذَكَرْتُمُونِي، بَلْ أَبْدَأُ بِالْأَقْرَبِ فَالْأَقْرَبِ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»، فَبَدَأَ بِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ","vol":"9","page":299},{"text":"١٣٢١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَالصِّدْقِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَكَّةَ مِنْ قَبَائِلِ قُرَيْشٍ وَمِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَكَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَحْسَنَ اقْتِصَاصًا لِلْحَدِيثِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، وَقَدْ زَادَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ لَمَّا دَوَّنَ الدَّوَاوِينَ قَالَ: \" أَبْدَأُ بِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُعْطِيهِمْ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ \". فَإِذَا كَانَتِ السِّنُّ فِي الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى الْمَطْلَبِيِّ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ فِي الْمَطْلَبِيِّ قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى الْهَاشِمِيِّ. فَوَضَعَ الدِّيوَانَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَأَعْطَاهُمْ عَطَاءَ الْقَبِيلَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَوَتْ لَهُ عَبْدُ شَمْسٍ وَنَوْفَلٌ فِي جِذْمِ النَّسَبِ. فَقَالَ: «عَبْدُ شَمْسٍ أُخْوَةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ دُونَ نَوْفَلٍ»، فَقَدَّمَهُمْ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بَنِي نَوْفَلٍ يَتْلُونَهُمْ، ثُمَّ اسْتَوَتْ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْعُزَّى، وَعَبْدُ الدَّارِ، فَقَالَ فِي بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى: «أَصْهَارُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَفِيهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْمُطَيَّبِينَ». وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «هُمْ حِلْفٌ مِنَ الْفُضُولِ، وَفِيهِمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ». وَقَدْ قِيلَ: ذَكَرَ سَابِقَةً فَقَدَّمَهُمْ عَلَى بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ يَتْلُونَهُمْ، ثُمَّ انْفَرَدَتْ لَهُ زُهْرَةُ فَدَعَاهَا تَتْلُو عَبْدَ الدَّارِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَوَتْ لَهُ بَنُو تَيْمٍ وَمَخْزُومٍ، فَقَالَ فِي تَيْمٍ: «إِنَّهُمْ مِنْ حِلْفِ الْفُضُولِ وَالْمُطَيَّبِينَ، وَفِيهِمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ». وَقِيلَ: ذَكَرَ سَابِقَةً، وَقِيلَ: ذَكَرَ صِهْرًا، فَقَدَّمَهُمْ عَلَى مَخْزُومٍ، ثُمَّ دَعَا مَخْزُومًا يَتْلُونَهُمْ ⦗٣٠١⦘. ثُمَّ اسْتَوَتْ لَهُ سَهْمُ، وَجُمَحُ، وَعَدِيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ. فَقِيلَ: «ابْدَأْ بَعَدِيٍّ». فَقَالَ: «بَلْ أَقِرُّ نَفْسِي حَيْثُ كُنْتُ، فَإِنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ نَصَلَ، وَأَمْرُنَا وَأَمْرُ بَنِي سَهْمٍ وَاحِدٌ، وَلَكِنِ انْظُرُوا بَنِي جُمَحَ، وَسَهْمٍ». فَقِيلَ: قَدِّمْ بَنِي جُمَحَ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بَنِي سَهْمٍ، كَانَ دِيوَانُ عَدِيٍّ وَسَهْمٍ مُخْتَلِطًا كَالدَّعْوَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ. فَلَمَّا خَلَصَتْ إِلَيْهِ دَعْوَتُهُ كَبَّرَ تَكْبِيرَةً عَالِيَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَوْصَلَ إِلَيَّ حَظِّي مِنْ رَسُولِهِ»، ثُمَّ دَعَا بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ \".\n\n١٣٢١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ الْفِهْرِيَّ لَمَّا رَأَى مَنْ يَتَقَدَّمُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: أَكُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ يُدْعَوْا أَمَامِي؟ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ، اصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرْتَ، أَوْ كَلِّمْ قَوْمَكَ، فَمَنْ قَدَّمَكَ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ لَمْ أَمْنَعْهُ، فَأَمَّا أَنَا وَبَنُو عَدِيٍّ فَنُقَدِّمُكَ إِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا. قَالَ: فَقَدَّمَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بَعْدُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فِهْرٍ، فَفَصَلَ بِهِمْ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَأَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى. وَشَجَرَ بَيْنَ سَهْمٍ وَعَدِيٍّ شَيْءٌ فِي زَمَانِ الْمَهْدِيِّ فَافْتَرَقُوا، فَأَمَرَ الْمَهْدِيُّ بِبَنِي عَدِيٍّ فَقُدِّمُوا عَلَى سَهْمٍ وَجُمَحَ، لِلسَّابِقَةِ فِيهِمْ.\n\n١٣٢١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا فُرِغَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قُدِّمَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ عَلَى قَبَائِلِ الْعَرَبِ كُلِّهَا لِمَكَانِهَا مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ\n\n١٣٢١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: النَّاسُ عِبَادُ اللَّهِ، فَأَوْلَاهُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُقَدَّمًا أَقْرَبُهُمْ ⦗٣٠٢⦘ لِخَيْرَةِ اللَّهِ لِرِسَالَاتِهِ، وَمُسْتَوْدَعِ أَمَانَتِهِ، وَخَاتَمِ النَّبِيِّينَ، وَخَيْرِ خَلْقِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ.\n\n١٣٢١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ قَالَ: وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَرَادَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنْ يُدَوِّنَ الدَّوَاوِينَ، وَيَضَعَ عَلَى قَبَائِلِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ قَبْلَهُمْ دِيوَانٌ اسْتَشَارَ النَّاسَ، فَذَكَرَ بَعْضَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١٣٢١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فِهْرُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَصْلُ قُرَيْشٍ فِي أَقَاوِيلِ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، فَبَنُو هَاشِمٍ يَجْمَعُهُمْ أَبُو رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الثَّالِثُ، وَسَائِرُ قُرَيْشٍ، بَعْضُهُمْ يَجْمَعُهُمُ الْأَبُ الرَّابِعُ عَبْدُ مَنَافٍ، وَبَعْضُهُمُ الْأَبُ الْخَامِسُ قُصَيُّ، وَهَكَذَا إِلَى فِهْرِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، فَلِذَلِكَ وَقَعَتِ الْبِدَايَةُ بِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ، لِقُرْبِهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٣٢١٧ - فَإِنَّهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ قُصَيِّ بْنِ كِلَابِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبِ بْنِ فِهْرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ مُدْرِكَةَ بْنِ إِلْيَاسَ بْنِ مُضَرَ بْنِ نِزَارِ بْنِ مَعْدِ بْنِ عَدْنَانَ\n\n١٣٢١٨ - وَإِنَّمَا جُمِعَ بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ ابْنَيْ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ فِي الْعَطِيَّةِ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سَهْمِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى","vol":"9","page":300},{"text":"١٣٢١٩ - وَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ، لَمْ يُفَارِقُونَا فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ، وَلَا إِسْلَامٍ»","vol":"9","page":302},{"text":"١٣٢٢٠ - وَقَالَ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ:  «رَبَّوْنَا صِغَارًا وَحَمَلُونَا كِبَارًا».\n\n١٣٢٢١ - وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِيمَا زَعَمَ أَهْلُ التَّوَارِيخِ أَنَّ هَاشِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ سَلْمَى بِنْتَ عَمْرِو بْنِ لَبِيدِ بْنِ حَرَامٍ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ شَيْبَةَ الْحَمْدِ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ هَاشِمٌ وَهُوَ مَعَهَا، فَلَمَّا أَيْفَعَ وَتَرَعْرَعَ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ عَمُّهُ الْمُطَّلِبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ، وَقَدِمَ بِهِ مَكَّةَ، وَهُوَ مُرْدِفُهُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، فَقِيلَ: عَبْدٌ مَلَكَهُ الْمُطَّلِبُ، فَغَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ الِاسْمُ فَقِيلَ: عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ.\n\n١٣٢٢٢ - وَحِينَ بُعِثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالرِّسَالَةِ آذَاهُ قَوْمُهُ وَهَمُّوا بِهِ، فَقَامَتْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ، مُسْلِمُهُمْ، وَكَافِرُهُمْ دُونَهُ، وَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُسْلِمُوهُ.\n\n١٣٢٢٣ - فَلَمَّا عَرَفَتْ سَائِرُ قُرَيْشٍ أَنْ لَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ مَعَهُمُ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَكْتُبُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ أَنْ لَا يُنَاكِحُوهُمْ وَلَا يَنْكِحُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا يُبَايعُوهُمْ، وَعَمَدَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ فَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الشِّعْبَ، وَأَقَامَتْ قُرَيْشٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، حَتَّى جَهِدَ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ جَهْدًا شَدِيدًا.\n\n١٣٢٢٤ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِرَحْمَتِهِ أَرْسَلَ عَلَى صَحِيفَةِ قُرَيْشٍ الْأَرَضَةَ، فَلَمْ تَدَعْ فِيهَا اسْمًا لِلَّهِ إِلَّا أَكَلَتْهُ، وَبَقِيَ فِيهَا الظُّلْمُ وَالْقَطِيعَةُ وَالْبُهْتَانُ، وَأَخَبَرَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ، وَأَخْبَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُهُ عَمَّهُ أَبَا طَالِبٍ، وَاسْتَنْصَرَ بِهِ أَبُو طَالِبٍ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ، وَقَامَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ ذَكَرَهُمُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي الْمَغَازِي بِنَقْضِ مَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ وَشِقِّهَا.\n\n١٣٢٢٥ - فَلَمَّا جَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ فِي الْعَطِيَّةِ، وَأَخْبَرَ بِمَا بَيْنَهُمَا مِنَ الْمُوَافَقَةِ، فَلِذَلِكَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرُ ﵁، حِينَ وَضَعَ الدَّوَاوِينَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سَائِرِ الْأَعْطِيَةِ، وَقَدَّمَهُمَا عَلَى بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَنَوْفَلٍ ⦗٣٠٤⦘.\n\n١٣٢٢٦ - وَإِنَّمَا وَقَعَتِ الْبِدَايَةُ بِبَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ قَبْلَ بَنِي نَوْفَلٍ؛ لِأَنَّ هَاشِمًا، وَالْمُطَّلِبَ، وَعَبْدَ شَمْسٍ كَانُوا أُخْوَةً لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، وَأُمُّهُمْ عَاتِكَةُ بِنْتُ مُرَّةَ، وَنَوْفَلٌ كَانَ أَخَاهُمْ لِأَبِيهِمْ، وَأُمُّهُ وَاقِدَةُ بِنْتُ حَرْمَلٍ.\n\n١٣٢٢٧ - وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ مَنَافٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْعُزَّى، وَعَبْدُ الدَّارِ بَنُو قُصَيٍّ، فَإِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَخِرَةً، وَالْبِدَايَةُ بَعْدَ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ إِنَّمَا وَقَعَتْ بِبَنِي عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ قَبِيلَةَ خَدِيجَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَإِنَّهَا خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى. قَالَ: وَفِيهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْمُطَيَّبِينَ","vol":"9","page":303},{"text":"١٣٢٢٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ مَعَ عُمُومَتِي غُلَامًا حِلْفَ الْمُطَيَّبِينَ، فَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَنْكُثَهُ، وَإِنَّ لِي حُمُرَ النَّعَمِ».\n\n١٣٢٢٩ - وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قِيلَ: حِلْفُ الْمُطَيَّبِينَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ غَمَسُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي طِيبٍ يَوْمَ تَحَالَفُوا، وَتَصَافَقُوا بِأَيْمَانِهِمْ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ وَقَعَ التَّنَازُعُ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، فِيمَا كَانَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ مِنَ السِّقَايَةِ وَالْحِجَامَةِ، وَالرِّفَادَةِ، وَاللِّوَاءِ، وَالنَّدْوَةِ، فَكَانَ بَنُو أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ قَبَائِلِ قُرَيْشٍ تَبَعًا لِبَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ.\n\n١٣٢٣٠ - وَقَدْ سَمَّاهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، فَقَالَ: الْمُطَيَّبُونَ مِنْ قَبَائِلِ قُرَيْشٍ، بَنُو عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، هَاشِمٌ، وَالْمُطَّلِبُ، وَعَبْدُ شَمْسٍ، وَنَوْفَلٌ، وَبَنُو زُهْرَةَ، وَبَنُو أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، وَبَنُو تَيْمٍ، وَبَنُو الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فِهْرٍ.\n\n١٣٢٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: هُمْ حِلْفٌ مِنَ الْفُضُولِ","vol":"9","page":304},{"text":"١٣٢٣٢ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٣٠٥⦘:  «لَقَدْ شَهِدْتُ فِي دَارِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ حِلْفًا مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِيَ بِهِ حُمُرَ النَّعَمِ، وَلَوْ أُدْعَى بِهِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لَأَجَبْتُ».\n\n١٣٢٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَانَ سَبَبُ الْحَلِفِ فِيمَا زَعَمَ أَهْلُ التَّوَارِيخِ، أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَتَظَالَمُ بِالْحَرَمِ، فَقَامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جُدْعَانَ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَدَعَوْا إِلَى التَّحَالُفِ عَلَى التَّنَاصُرِ، وَالْأَخْذِ لِلْمَظْلُومِ مِنَ الظَّالِمِ، فَأَجَابَهُمَا بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَعْضُ الْقَبَائِلِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، سَمَّاهُمُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فَقَالَ: بَنُو هَاشِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَبَنُو أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ قُصَيٍّ، وَبَنُو زُهْرَةَ بْنِ كِلَابٍ، وَبَنُو تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ.\n\n١٣٢٣٤ - فَسَمَّوْا ذَلِكَ الْحِلْفَ حِلْفَ الْفُضُولِ، تَشْبِيهًا لَهُ بِحِلْفٍ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ أَيَّامَ حَرِّهِمْ عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا، شَهِدَهُ رِجَالٌ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ: فَضْلٌ، وَفُضَالٌ، وَفُضَيْلٌ، وَفَضَالَةُ.\n\n١٣٢٣٥ - وَقِيلَ: قَامَ بِهِ رِجَالٌ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ: فَضْلٌ، وَفَضِيلٌ، وَفُضَيْلٌ، وَالْفُضُولُ: جَمْعُ فَضْلٍ.\n\n١٣٢٣٦ - وَالَّذِي فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ حِلْفُ الْمُطَيَّبِينَ، قَدْ قَالَ الْقُتَيْبِيُّ: أَحْسِبُهُ أَرَادَ حِلْفَ الْفُضُولِ لِلْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُطَيَّبِينَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ عَقَدُوا حِلْفَ الْفُضُولِ.\n\n١٣٢٣٧ - قَالَ: وَأَيُّ فَضْلٍ يَكُونُ فِي مِثْلِ التَّحَالُفِ الْأَوَّلِ، حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ: «مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَنْكُثَهُ، وَإِنَّ لِي حُمُرَ النَّعَمِ». وَلَكِنَّهُ أَرَادَ حِلْفَ الْفُضُولِ الَّذِي عَقَدَهُ الْمُطَيَّبُونَ\n\n١٣٢٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا السَّابِقَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ سَابِقَةَ خَدِيجَةَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنَّهَا أَوَّلُ امْرَأَةٍ أَسْلَمَتْ ⦗٣٠٦⦘.\n\n١٣٢٣٩ - أَوْ سَابِقَةَ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، فَإِنَّهُ مِمَّنْ تَقَدَّمَ إِسْلَامُهُ، وَصَبَرَ مَعَ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَبَايَعَهُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ، مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْقَرْحُ.\n\n١٣٢٤٠ - وَهُوَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ بْنِ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ قُصَيٍّ.\n\n١٣٢٤١ - وَأَمَّا زُهْرَةُ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ أَخًا لِقُصَيِّ بْنِ كِلَابٍ، وَمِنْ أَوْلَادِهِ، مِنَ الْعَشَرَةِ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ.\n\n١٣٢٤٢ - وَأَمَّا تَيْمٌ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ أَخًا لِكَلِابِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ.\n\n١٣٢٤٣ - وَأَمَّا مَخْزُومٌ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَخًا لَهُمَا، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مَخْزُومُ بْنُ يَقَظَةَ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الْقَبِيلَةَ اشْتَهَرَتْ بِمَخْزِومٍ، فَنُسِبَتْ إِلَيْهِ.\n\n١٣٢٤٤ - وَإِنَّمَا قَدَّمَ بَنِي تَيْمٍ عَلَى بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مِنْ حِلْفِ الْمُطَيَّبِينَ، وَالْفُضُولِ.\n\n١٣٢٤٥ - وَقِيلَ: ذَكَرَ سَابِقَةً، وَأَرَادَ سَابِقَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، فَإِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ رَجُلٍ حُرٍّ أَسْلَمَ، وَصَبَرَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ مَعَ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَكَانَ طَلْحَةُ تَيْمِيًّا، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ تَقَدَّمَ إِسْلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مِنَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ.\n\n١٣٢٤٦ - وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ.\n\n١٣٢٤٧ - وَطَلْحَةُ هُوَ ابْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ.\n\n١٣٢٤٨ - وَأَرَادَ بِالْمُصَاهَرَةِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا فِي بَنِي تَيْمٍ، مِنْ جِهَةِ عَائِشَةَ امْرَأَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَحَبِيبَةِ حَبِيبِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٣٢٤٩ - وَأَمَّا عَدِيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ أَخًا لِمُرَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ⦗٣٠٧⦘.\n\n١٣٢٥٠ - وَأَمَّا سَهْمٌ، وَجُمَحُ، فَإِنَّهُمَا ابْنَا عَمْرِو بْنِ هُصَيْصِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الْقَبِيلَةَ اشْتَهَرَتْ بِهِمَا فَنُسِبَتْ إِلَيْهِمَا.\n\n١٣٢٥١ - وَإِنَّمَا قَدَّمَ بَنِي جُمَحَ قِيلَ: لِأَجَلِ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الْجُمَحِيِّ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مِنْ إِعَارَةِ السِّلَاحِ، وَقَوْلِهِ حِينَ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَكَلَدَةُ مَا قَالَا: «فَضَّ اللَّهُ فَاكَ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ يَرُبَّنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَرُبَّنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ»، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُشْرِكٌ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ وَهَاجَرَ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّمَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ قَصْدًا إِلَى تَأْخِيرِ حَقِّهِ.\n\n١٣٢٥٢ - فَلَمَّا كَانَ زَمَنُ الْمَهْدِيِّ أَمَرَ الْمَهْدِيُّ بِبَنِي عَدِيٍّ، فَقُدِّمُوا عَلَى بَنِي سَهْمٍ وَجُمَحَ، لِلسَّابِقَةِ فِي بَنِي عَدِيٍّ.\n\n١٣٢٥٣ - وَهِيَ سَابِقَةُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَمَا كَانَ لِدِينِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنَ الْقُوَّةِ وَالْعِزَّةِ بِإِسْلَامِهِ.\n\n١٣٢٥٤ - وَهُوَ: عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بْنِ نُفَيْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ رِيَاحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُرْطِ بْنِ رَزَاحِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ.\n\n١٣٢٥٥ - وَإِنَّمَا أَخَّرَ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ فِي الْعَطَاءِ، لِبُعْدِ نَسَبِهِ، لَا لِنُقْصَانِ شَرَفِهِ فِي نَفْسِهِ.\n\n١٣٢٥٦ - وَهُوَ: عَامِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ بْنِ هِلَالِ بْنِ أَهْيَبَ بْنِ ضَبَّةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فِهْرِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"9","page":304},{"text":"١٣٢٥٧ - قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَمِينٌ، وَأَمِينُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ»","vol":"9","page":307},{"text":"١٣٢٥٨ - وَأَمَّا الْأَنْصَارُ، فَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أُوصِيكُمْ بِالْأَنْصَارِ فَإِنَّهُمْ كَرِشِي وَعَيْبَتِي، وَقَدْ قَضَوَا الَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ، وَبَقِيَ الَّذِي لَهُمْ، فَاقْبَلُوا مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ، وَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ مُسِيئِهِمْ»","vol":"9","page":308},{"text":"١٣٢٥٩ - وَقَالَ: «خَيْرُ دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ، دَارُ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ، ثُمَّ دَارُ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ، ثُمَّ دَارُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ، ثُمَّ دَارُ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، وَفِي كُلِّ دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ خَيْرٌ»","vol":"9","page":308},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-930>٢٢ - كِتَابُ الصَّدَقَاتِ</span>","vol":"9","page":309},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-931>بَابُ قَسْمِ الصَّدَقَاتِ</span>\n١٣٢٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٣].\n\n١٣٢٦١ - فَفِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَيْسَ لِأَهْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ مَنْعُ مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا لِمَنْ وَلِيَهُمْ تَرْكُ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ.\n\n١٣٢٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَّرَهَا عَامًا لَا يَأْخُذُهَا فِيهِ","vol":"9","page":311},{"text":"١٣٢٦٣ - وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ:  «لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا مِمَّا أَعْطَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهَا، لَا يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللَّهُ»","vol":"9","page":311},{"text":"١٣٢٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ، وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ، وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ، وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ \". قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَاللَّهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ، فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهَا. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ، فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ \". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَقَالَ: عَنَاقًا. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَقَالَ: عِقَالًا\n\n١٣٢٦٥ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَقَالَ: «عَنَاقًا»\n\n١٣٢٦٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ مَعْمَرٌ فِي أَصَحِّ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَالزُّبَيْدِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗٣١٣⦘، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَيُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُمَا: عَنَاقًا، وَقِيلَ: عِقَالًا","vol":"9","page":312},{"text":"١٣٢٦٧ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: لَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، أَخَذَا الصَّدَقَةَ مُثَنَّاةً، وَلَكِنْ كَانَا يَبْعَثَانِ عَلَيْهَا فِي الْخِصْبِ وَالْجَدْبِ، وَالسِمَنِ وَالْعَجَفِ، وَلَا يَضْمَنَانِهَا أَهْلَهَا، وَلَا يُؤَخِّرَانِهَا عَنْ كُلِّ عَامٍ؛ لِأَنَّ أَخْذَهَا كُلَّ عَامٍ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ سُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"","vol":"9","page":313},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-932>فَرْضُ الصَّدَقَاتِ </span>⦗٣١٨⦘\n١٣٢٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ.\n\n١٣٢٦٩ - فَأَحْكَمَ اللَّهُ ﵎ فَرْضَ الصَّدَقَاتِ فِي كِتَابِهِ، ثُمَّ أَكَّدَهَا فَقَالَ: فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَقْسِمَهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا قَسَمَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مَا كَانَتِ الْأَصْنَافُ مَوْجُودَةً","vol":"9","page":314},{"text":"١٣٢٧٠ - قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ الصُّدَائِيِّ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَرْضَ فِيهَا بِقَسْمِ مَلَكٍ مُقَرَّبٍ، وَلَا نَبِيِّ مُرْسَلٍ حَتَّى قَسَمَهَا»","vol":"9","page":318},{"text":"١٣٢٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الطِّيبِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْأَسَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُقْرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زِيَادَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِيَّ، صَاحِبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَبَايَعْتُهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. قَالَ فِيهِ: ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ آخَرُ فَقَالَ: أَعْطِنِي مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَرْضَ بِحُكْمِ نَبِيٍّ، وَلَا غَيْرِهِ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ حَتَّى حَكَمَ هُوَ فِيهَا، فَجَزَّأَهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَجْزَاءِ أَعْطَيْتُكَ، أَوْ أَعْطَيْنَاكَ حَقَّكَ».\n\n١٣٢٧٢ - رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ غَانِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَقَالَ: «أَعْطَيْتُكَ حَقَّكَ» لَمْ يَشُكَّ","vol":"9","page":318},{"text":"١٣٢٧٣ - وَرَوَى لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا صِنْفٍ مِنْ هَذَا أَعْطَيْتَهُ أَجْزَأَكَ».\n\n١٣٢٧٤ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ عَطَاءٍ وَعُمَرَ، وَلَيْثٌ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":319},{"text":"١٣٢٧٥ - وَرَوَى الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «إِذَا أَعْطَاهَا صِنْفًا وَاحِدًا أَجْزَأَهُ».\n\n١٣٢٧٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ مِثْلُهُ وَقِيلَ فِيهِ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"9","page":319},{"text":"١٣٢٧٧ - وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ:  «ضَعْهَا فِي هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اللَّهُ ﷿».\n\n١٣٢٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَلَا تَخْرُجُ صَدَقَةُ قَوْمٍ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ بَلَدِهِمْ، وَفِي بَلَدِهِمْ مَنْ يَسْتَحِقُّهَا","vol":"9","page":319},{"text":"١٣٢٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، أَوْ ثِقَةٌ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِمُعَاذٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ: «فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ، فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ».\n\n١٣٢٨٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، لَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ، وَقَالَ: «صَدَقَةٌ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ».\n\n١٣٢٨١ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ⦗٣٢٠⦘. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"9","page":319},{"text":"١٣٢٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ وَهُوَ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نَشَدْتُكَ بِاللَّهِ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِنَا، وَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِنَا؟ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ","vol":"9","page":320},{"text":"١٣٢٨٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ قَضَى:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ انْتَقَلَ مِنْ مِخْلَافِ عَشِيرَتِهِ إِلَى غَيْرِ مِخْلَافِ عَشِيرَتِهِ، فَعُشْرُهُ وَصَدَقَتُهُ إِلَى مِخْلَافِ عَشِيرَتِهِ»","vol":"9","page":320},{"text":"١٣٢٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي بَابِ الِاخْتِلَافِ: وَاحْتَجَّ مُحْتَجٌّ فِي نَقْلِ ⦗٣٢١⦘ الصَّدَقَاتِ بِأَنْ قَالَ: إِنَّ طَاوُسًا رَوَى، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ قَالَ لِبَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ:  «ائْتُونِي بِعَرْضِ ثِيَابٍ آخُذُهَا مِنْكُمْ مَكَانَ الشَّعِيرِ وَالْحِنْطَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَخَيْرٌ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ»","vol":"9","page":320},{"text":"١٣٢٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «صَالَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهْلَ ذِمَّةِ الْيَمَنِ عَلَى دِينَارٍ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ، وَكَانَ فِي سُنَّتِهِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ دِينَارٌ أَوْ قِيمَتُهُ مِنَ الْمَعَافِيرِ». فَلَعَلَّ مُعَاذًا، لَوْ أُعْسِرُوا بِالدَّنَانِيرِ، أَخَذَ مِنْهُمُ الشَّعِيرَ وَالْحِنْطَةَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَكْثَرُ مَا عِنْدَهُمْ.\n\n١٣٢٨٦ - وَإِذَا جَازَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ الدِّينَارَ لِعَرَضٍ، فَلَعَلَّهُ جَازَ عِنْدَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ طَعَامًا وَغَيْرَهُ مِنَ الْعَرْضِ بِقِيمَةِ الدِّينَارِ، فَأَسْرَعُوا إِلَى أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ لِكَثْرَتِهِ عِنْدَهُمْ، فَيَقُولُ: الثِّيَابُ خَيْرٌ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَهْوَنُ عَلَيْكُمْ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا مُؤْنَةَ كَبِيرَةً فِي الْمَحْمَلِ لِلثِّيَابِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَالثِّيَابُ بِهَا أَغْلَى مِنْهَا بِالْيَمَنِ.\n\n١٣٢٨٧ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا بِمَا رُوِيَ مِنْ، قَضَاءِ مُعَاذٍ فِي الْعُشْرِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ.\n\n١٣٢٨٨ - قَالَ: وَمُعَاذٌ إِذْ حَكَمَ بِهَذَا كَانَ مِنْ أَنْ يَنْقِلَ صَدَقَةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَهْلُ الصَّدَقَةِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ الَّذِينَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ أَهْلُ الْفَيْءِ أَبْعَدُ.\n\n١٣٢٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِهِمْ، آخُذُهَا مِنْكُمْ مَكَانَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَلَى مَا كَانَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُمْ بِاسْمِ الصَّدَقَةِ.\n\n١٣٢٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَطَاوُسٌ: لَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ شَيْءٌ لَمْ نُخَالِفْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَطَاوُسٌ يَحْلِفُ، مَا يَحِلُّ بَيْعُ الصَّدَقَاتِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقْبَضَ، وَلَا بَعْدَ أَنْ تَقْبَضَ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ مَنِ احْتَجَّ عَلَيْنَا بِأَنَّ مُعَاذًا بَاعَ الْحِنْطَةَ وَالشَّعِيرَ الَّذِي يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالثِّيَابِ، كَانَ بَيْعُ الصَّدَقَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقْبَضَ، وَلَكِنَّهُ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا.\n\n١٣٢٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكِلَا الْحَدِيثَيْنِ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٣٢٢⦘.\n\n١٣٢٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: كَانَ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ جَاءَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بِصَدَقَاتٍ، وَالزِّبْرِقَانُ بْنُ بَدْرٍ فَهُمَا وَإِنْ جَاءَا بِمَا فَضَلَ عَنْ أَهْلِهَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْمَدِينَةُ أَقْرَبَ النَّاسِ نَسَبًا وَدَارًا مِمَّنْ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى سَعَةٍ، مِنْ مُضَرَ وَطَيِّئٍ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ،\n\n١٣٢٩٣ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْ حَوْلَهُمُ ارْتَدَّ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ حَقٌّ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، وَيَكُونُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَهْلُ حَقٍّ، هُمْ أَقْرَبُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ،\n\n١٣٢٩٤ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يُؤْتَى بِهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ بَرَدِّهَا إِلَى غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ،\n\n١٣٢٩٥ - وَلَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ خَبَرٌ نَصِيرُ إِلَيْهِ.\n\n١٣٢٩٦ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَحْمِلُ عَلَى إِبِلٍ كَثِيرَةٍ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَالْعِرَاقِ. قُلْتُ: لَيْسَتْ مِنْ نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَحْمِلُ عَلَى مَا يَحْتَمِلُ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَأَكْثَرُ فَرَائِضِ الْإِبِلِ لَا يَحْمِلُ أَحَدًا","vol":"9","page":321},{"text":"١٣٢٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ:  «كَانَ يُؤْتَى بِنَعَمٍ كَثِيرَةٍ مِنْ نَعَمِ الْجِزْيَةِ»","vol":"9","page":322},{"text":"١٣٢٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَالِكِ الدَّارِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ:\n\n١٣٢٩٩ - أَرَأَيْتَ الْإِبِلَ الَّتِي كَانَ يَحْمِلُ عَلَيْهَا عُمَرُ الْغُزَاةَ وَعُثْمَانُ بَعْدَهُ؟\n\n١٣٣٠٠ - قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي أَنَّهَا إِبِلُ الْجِزْيَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ بَعَثَ بِهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ ⦗٣٢٣⦘\n\n١٣٣٠١ - قُلْتُ: وَمِمَّنْ كَانَتْ تُؤْخَذُ؟\n\n١٣٣٠٢ - قَالَ: مِنْ جِزْيَةِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، وَتُؤْخَذُ مِنْ صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ فَرَائِضُ عَلَى وُجُوهِهَا، فَبِيعَتْ بِهَا إِبِلٌ جِلَّةٌ، فَنَبْعَثُ بِهَا إِلَى عُمَرَ فَيَحْمِلُ عَلَيْهَا\"","vol":"9","page":322},{"text":"١٣٣٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ قَالَ: \" بَعَثَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ بَعْضَ الْجَمَاعَةِ بِعَطَاءِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى وَالِي الْيَمَامَةِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَلْفَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ يُتِمُّ بِهَا عَطَاءَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَالُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَبَوْا أَنْ يَأْخُذُوهُ، وَقَالُوا: أَتُطْعِمُنَا أَوْسَاخَ النَّاسِ، وَمَا لَا يَصْلُحُ لَنَا أَنْ نَأْخُذَهُ أَبَدًا؟ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ فَرَدَّهُ، وَقَالَ:  «لَا يَزَالُ فِي الْقَوْمِ بَقِيَّةٌ مَا فَعَلُوا هَكَذَا».\n\n١٣٣٠٤ - قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَكَلَّمُ؟\n\n١٣٣٠٥ - قَالَ: أَوَّلُهُمْ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَخَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ فِي رِجَالٍ كَثِيرٍ.\n\n١٣٣٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُهُمْ: لَا يَصْلُحُ لَنَا، أَيْ: لَا يَحِلُّ لَنَا أَنْ نَأْخُذَ الصَّدَقَةَ، وَنَحْنُ أَهْلُ الْفَيْءِ، وَلَيْسَ لِأَهْلِ الْفَيْءِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ حَقٌّ، وَمِنْ أَنْ لَا يُنْقَلَ عَنْ قَوْمٍ إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ.\n\n١٣٣٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُؤْتَى بِنَعَمٍ مِنْ نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَحَمَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُؤْتَى بِهَا مِنْ أَطْرَافِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَلَعَلَّهُمُ اسْتَغْنَوْا، فَنَقَلَهَا إِلَى أَقْرَبِ النَّاسِ بِهِمْ دَارًا وَنَسَبًا","vol":"9","page":323},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-933>بَيَانُ أَهْلِ الصَّدَقَاتِ</span>\n١٣٣٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الْفَقِيرُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: مَنْ لَا مَالَ لَهُ وَلَا حِرْفَةَ يَقَعُ مِنْهُ مَوْقِعًا، زَمِنًا كَانَ، أَوْ غَيْرَ زَمِنٍ، سَائِلًا كَانَ أَوْ مُتَعَفِّفًا. وَالْمِسْكِينُ: مَنْ لَهُ مَالٌ أَوْ حِرْفَةٌ يَقَعُ مِنْهُ مَوْقِعًا، وَلَا يُغْنِيهِ، سَائِلًا كَانَ أَوْ غَيْرَ سَائِلٍ.\n\n١٣٣٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَوْلُهُ فِي كِتَابِ قَسْمِ الصَّدَقَاتِ: الْفُقَرَاءُ الزُّمَنَاءُ الضِّعَافُ، الَّذِينَ لَا حِرْفَةَ لَهُمْ، لَا يُخَالِفُ هَذَا، فَقَدْ أَرْدَفَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: وَأَهْلُ الْحِرْفَةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ، الَّذِينَ لَا تَقَعُ حِرْفَتُهُمْ مَوْقِعًا مِنْ حَاجَتِهِمْ، فَالزَّمَانَةُ لَيْسَتْ بِشَرْطٍ فِي الِاسْتِحْقَاقِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَلَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ.\n\n١٣٣١٠ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ فَرْضِ الزَّكَاةِ: سَائِلًا كَانَ، أَوْ مُتَعَفِّفًا.\n\n١٣٣١١ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: هَذَا أَشْبَهُ.\n\n١٣٣١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا كَانَ فَقِيرًا، أَوْ مِسْكِينًا، فَأَغْنَاهُ وَعِيَالُهُ كَسْبُهُ، أَوْ حِرْفَتُهُ، فَلَا يُعْطَى فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ شَيْئًا لِأَنَّهُ غَنِيُّ بِوَجْهٍ","vol":"9","page":324},{"text":"١٣٣١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ، أَخْبَرَاهُ ⦗٣٢٥⦘: أَنَّهُمَا أَتَيَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَاهُ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَصَعَّدَ فِيهِمَا وَصَوَّبَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنْ شِئْتُمَا، وَلَا حَظَّ فِيهَا لِغَنِيٍّ، وَلَا لِذِي قُوَّةٍ مُكْتَسِبٍ».\n\n١٣٣١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صِحَّةً وَجَلَدًا، يُشْبِهُ الِاكْتِسَابَ، فَأَعْلَمَهُمَا أَنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُمَا مَعَ الِاكْتِسَابِ الَّذِي يَسْتَغْنِيَانِ بِهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَا، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ أَمُكْتَسِبِينَ أَمْ لَا؟ فَقَالَ: إِنْ شِئْتُمَا بَعْدَ إِذْ عَلَّمْتُكُمَا أَنْ لَا حَظَّ فِيهَا لِغَنِيٍّ، وَلَا مُكْتَسِبٍ فَعَلْتُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمَا يَقُولَانِ: أَعْطِنَا فَإِنَّا ذَوَا حَظٍّ، بِأَنَّا لَسْنَا غَنِيَّيْنِ، وَلَا مُكْتَسِبَيْنِ كَسْبًا يُغْنِي","vol":"9","page":324},{"text":"١٣٣١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَيْحَانِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ يَقُولُ: «لَا تَصْلُحُ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ، وَلَا لِذِي مِرَّةٍ قَوِيٍّ».\n\n١٣٣١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُفِعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ سَعْدٍ غَيْرُ ابْنِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «سَوِيٍّ»","vol":"9","page":325},{"text":"١٣٣١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ رَيْحَانِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ، وَلَا لِذِي مِرَّةً سَوِيٍّ» ⦗٣٢٦⦘.\n\n١٣٣١٨ - وَتَابَعَهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ فِي رَفْعِهِ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا: «وَلَا لِذِي مِرَّةٍ سَوِيٍّ»، وَقِيلَ: «وَلَا لِذِي مِرَّةٍ قَوِيٍّ». وَالْمِرَّةُ: الْقُوَّةُ، وَأَصْلُهَا: مِنْ شِدَّةِ فَتْلِ الْحَبْلِ.\n\n١٣٣١٩ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٣٣٢٠ - وَالْمُرَادُ بِهَذِهِ الْقُوَّةِ: قُوَّةُ الِاكْتِسَابِ، وَبَيَانُ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ.\n\n١٣٣٢١ - جَاءَ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، وَزَعَمَ أَنْ لَيْسَ هَذَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا مَحَالَةَ حَرَامٌ لَهُ، بَلْ حَلَالٌ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الصَّدَقَةَ، فَيُرْدِفُ حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَحِلُّ مَا بِهَا»، فَتَجَرَّدَ الْخِلَافُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُعْطِي لَهُ حَالَةً لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ، فَيَكُونُ قَدْ قَالَ بِبَعْضِ مَا قَالَ.\n\n١٣٣٢٢ - ثُمَّ زَعَمَ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: «وَلَا لِقَوِيٍّ مُكْتَسِبٍ»، فَذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا حَقَّ فِيهَا لِلْقَوِيِّ الْمُكْتَسِبِ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْجِهَاتِ الَّتِي بِهَا يَجِبُ الْحَقُّ فِيهَا، وَلَا تَفَكَّرَ فِي نَفْسِهِ إِذَا كَانَتْ فِيهِ جِهَةٌ يَجِبُ لَهُ فِيهَا الْحَقُّ فِيهَا، فَلَا يَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ بَيَانُ الشَّرْعِ، وَعَنْ قَوْلِهِ تُؤْخَذُ الْأَحْكَامِ: «لَا حَظَّ لَهُ فِيهَا»، وَلَا يُطْلِقُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٣٣٢٣ - ثُمَّ أَوْرَدَ أَخْبَارًا أَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهَا مَنْ سَأَلَهُ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ اعْتِبَارِ الزَّمَانَةِ، وَنَحْنُ لَا نَعْتَبِرُ الزَّمَانَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا نَعْتَبِرُ مَا اعْتَبَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنَ الْفَقْرِ وَالْمَسْكَنَةِ.\n\n١٣٣٢٤ - وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يُغْنِيهِ، وَيُغْنِي عِيَالَهُ، أَوْ حِرْفَةٌ تَكْفِيهِمَا، فَهُوَ خَارِجٌ مِنْ مَعْنَى الْفَقْرِ وَالْمَسْكَنَةِ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَحِقَّ بِهَا شَيْئًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":325},{"text":"١٣٣٢٥ - وَالَّذِي ذُكِرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ مُخَارِقٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيمَنْ حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ:  «رَجُلٌ تَحَمَّلَ حَمَالَةً، حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهَا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٌ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ، فَاجْتَاحَتْ مَالَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٌ أَصَابَتْهُ حَاجَةٌ، أَوْ فَاقَةٌ، حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ ⦗٣٢٧⦘ ذَوِي الْحِجَا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَقَدْ حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ، فَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَسَائِلِ فَهُوَ سُحْتٌ».\n\n١٣٣٢٦ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ رِيَابٍ، عَنْ كِنَانَةَ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ الْمُخَارِقِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْأَلُهُ فِي حَمَالَةٍ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ حُرِّمَتْ إِلَّا فِي ثَلَاثٍ»، فَذَكَّرَهُنَّ","vol":"9","page":326},{"text":"١٣٣٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْإِيَادِيُّ الْمَالِكِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ النَّصِيبِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَخْضَرُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ الْفَاقَةَ، ثُمَّ عَادَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدْ جِئْتُكَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ، مَا أُرَانِي أَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ بَعْضُهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «انْطَلِقْ فَهَلْ تَجِدُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟» قَالَ: فَذَهَبَ، فَجَاءَ بِحِلْسٍ وَقَدَحٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، هَذَا الْحِلْسُ كَانُوا يَفْتَرِشُونَ بَعْضَهُ وَيَلْبَسُونَ بَعْضَهُ، وَهَذَا الْقَدَحُ كَانُوا يَشْرَبُونَ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ يَأْخُذُهُمَا مِنِّي بِدِرْهَمٍ؟» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا آخُذُهُمَا بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «هُمَا لَكَ»، ثُمَّ دَعَا الرَّجُلَ، فَقَالَ: «اشْتَرِ بِدِرْهَمٍ طَعَامًا لِأَهْلِكَ، وَاشْتَرِ بِدِرْهَمٍ فَأْسًا، ثُمَّ ائْتِنِي»، فَأَتَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «انْطَلِقْ إِلَى هَذَا الْوَادِي، فَلَا تَدَعْ فِيهِ شَوْكًا، وَلَا حَاجًا، وَلَا حَطَبًا، وَلَا تَأْتِنِي خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ» فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ ⦗٣٢٨⦘ فَأَصَابَ عَشْرَةً، فَاشْتَرَى طَعَامًا بِخَمْسَةٍ وَكِسْوَةً بِخَمْسَةٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: لَقَدْ بَارَكَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِي فِيمَا أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ، فَقَالَ: «وَهَذَا خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَنْ تَجِيءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَفِي وَجْهِكَ نَكْتُ الْمَسْأَلَةِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِثَلَاثَةٍ: لِذِي دَمٍ مُوجِعٍ، أَوْ غُرْمٍ مُفْظِعٍ، أَوْ فَقْرٍ مُدْقِعٍ \".\n\n١٣٣٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الْمَشْهُورُ الْمُخَرَّجُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، يُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الْخِيَارِ فِي أَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لَا تَصْلُحُ بِالْفَقْرِ لِمَنْ لَهُ كَسْبٌ يَقُومُ بِكِفَايَتِهِ، وَيُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَ قَبِيصَةَ فِي أَنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ تَصْلُحُ لِمَنْ حَمَلَ حَمَالَةً فِي دَمٍ أَوْ لَزِمَهُ غُرْمٌ فِي مَالٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ رَأَى فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي سَأَلَهُ قُوَّةً عَلَى الْكَسْبِ، فَأَمَرَهُ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَهُ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ بِالْفَاقَةِ مَعَ الْقُدْرَةِ عَلَى الْكَسْبِ، وَأَبَاحَهَا لِذِي فَقْرٍ مُدْقِعٍ، وَذَلِكَ إِذَا عَجَزَ عَنِ الْكَسْبِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُ مَالٌ يَقُومُ بِكِفَايَتِهِ وَكِفَايَةِ عِيَالِهِ، فَتَكُونُ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ بِالْحَاجَةِ.\n\n١٣٣٢٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ مُخَارِقٍ تَنْبِيهٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَبَاحَ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةَ عِنْدَ تَحَقُّقِ الْفَاقَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا تَتَحَقَّقُ فَاقَتُهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ يُغْنِيهِ وَيُغْنِي عِيَالَهُ، وَلَا كَسْبَ يَقُومُ بِكِفَايَتِهِ وَكِفَايَةِ عِيَالِهِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ أَحَدُهُمَا فَلَا تَتَحَقَّقُ فَاقَتُهُ.\n\n١٣٣٣٠ - وَأَبَاحَ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةَ فِي الْجَائِحَةِ تُصِيبُ مَالَهُ فَتَجْتَاحَهُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، فَبَيَّنَ بِذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمَعْنَى فِيهِ كِفَايَتُهُ وَكِفَايَةُ عِيَالِهِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ كَسْبٌ يَقُومُ بِكِفَايَتِهِ وَكِفَايَةِ عِيَالِهِ، فَقَدْ أَصَابَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، فَلَمْ يُجِزْ لَهُ أَخْذَ الصَّدَقَةِ بِالْفَاقَةِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ كَسْبٌ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَقُومُ بِكِفَايَتِهِ وَكِفَايَةِ عِيَالِهِ أَوْ مَالٌ، فَإِنْ بَلَغَ نِصَابًا لَا يَقُومُ بِكِفَايَتِهِ وَكِفَايَةِ عِيَالِهِ فَلَهُ أَخْذُ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَقْدِيرٍ، حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ","vol":"9","page":327},{"text":"١٣٣٣١ - وَالَّذِي ذُكِرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «مَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ مَالٌ يُغْنِيهِ جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَفِي وَجْهِهِ خُمُوشٌ أَوْ خُدُوشٌ أَوْ كُدُوحٌ» فَقِيلَ: وَمَا الْغِنَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «خَمْسُونَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ قِيمَتُهَا مِنَ الذَّهَبِ».\n\n١٣٣٣٢ - تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ حَكِيمُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"9","page":329},{"text":"١٣٣٣٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ رُزَيْقٍ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ لَهُ خَمْسُونَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ عَدْلُهُ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ تَحِلُّ لَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ».\n\n١٣٣٣٤ - وَهُوَ إِنْ صَحَّ لَمْ يُخَالِفْ مَا قُلْنَا لِأَنَّهُ اعْتَبَرَ فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ مَا يُغْنِيهِ، فَدَخَلَ فِيهِ الْكَسْبُ وَالْمَالُ بِوُقُوعِ الْغِنَى بِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ حِينَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْغِنَى فَسَّرَهُ بِخَمْسِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَنْ لَا كَسْبَ لَهُ يَقُومُ بِكِفَايَتِهِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ مَعَهُ خَمْسُونَ دِرْهَمًا","vol":"9","page":329},{"text":"١٣٣٣٥ - أَلَا تَرَاهُ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ:  «مَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ أُوقِيَّةٌ أَوْ عَدْلُهَا فَقَدْ سَأَلَ إِلْحَافًا». وَالْأُوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا","vol":"9","page":329},{"text":"١٣٣٣٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ: قِيلَ: وَمَا الْغِنَى الَّذِي لَا تَنْبَغَي مَعَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ؟ قَالَ:  «أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ شِبَعُ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ».\n\n١٣٣٣٧ - وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُتَّفَقٌ فِي الْمَعْنَى، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ اعْتَبَرَ الْغِنَى وَهِيَ الْكِفَايَةُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا تَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلَافِ النَّاسِ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُغْنِيهِ خَمْسُونَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُغْنِيهِ أَرْبَعُونَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَهُ كَسْبٌ يُدِرُّ عَلَيْهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مَا يُغَدِّيهِ وَيُعَشِّيهِ، وَلَا عِيَالَ لَهُ فَهُوَ مُسْتَغْنٍ بِهِ، فَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُ أَخْذُ الصَّدَقَةِ","vol":"9","page":330},{"text":"١٣٣٣٨ - وَفِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى وَرَدَ قَوْلُهُ:  «لِلسَّائِلِ حَقٌّ وَإِنْ جَاءَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ». فَقَدْ يَكُونُ كَثِيرَ الْعِيَالِ وَلَا كَسْبَ لَهُ يَقُومُ بِكِفَايَتِهِمْ فَيَجُوزُ إِعْطَاؤُهُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، وَهُوَ أَقَلُّ مَا يَكْفِيهِ وَيَكْفِي عِيَالَهُ","vol":"9","page":330},{"text":"١٣٣٣٩ - وَفِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، وَرَدَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ عَلَى الْأَغْنِيَاءِ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَكْفِي فُقَرَاءَهُمْ».\n\n١٣٣٤٠ - فَاعْتَبَرَ الْكِفَايَةَ، فَالِاعْتِبَارُ بِهَا فِي حَالَتَيِّ الْإِعْطَاءِ وَالْمَنْعِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَالْعَامِلُونَ عَلَيْهَا مَنْ وَلَّاهُ الْوَالِي قَبْضَهَا وَقَسْمَهَا، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَأَمَّا الْخَلِيفَةُ وَوَالِي الْإِقْلِيمِ الْعَظِيمِ الَّذِي تَوَلَّى أَخْذَهَا عَامِلٌ دُونَهُ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ","vol":"9","page":330},{"text":"١٣٣٤١ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ ⦗٣٣١⦘ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ شَرِبَ لَبَنًا فَأَعْجَبَهُ، فَسَأَلَ الَّذِي سَقَاهُ: «مِنْ أَيْنَ لَكَ هَذَا اللَّبَنُ؟»، فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ وَرَدَ عَلَى مَاءٍ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ، فَإِذَا بِنَعَمٍ مِنْ نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَهُمْ يَسْقُونَ فَحَلَبُوا لِي مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا فَجَعَلْتُهُ فِي سِقَائِي فَهُوَ هَذَا، فَأَدْخَلَ عُمَرُ إِصْبَعَهُ فَاسْتَقَاءَهُ \".\n\n١٣٣٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْعَامِلُ عَلَيْهَا يَأْخُذُ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ بِقَدْرِ غِنَائِهِ لَا يُزَادُ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْعَامِلُ مُوسِرًا إِنَّمَا يَأْخُذُهُ عَلَى مَعْنَى الْإِجَارَةِ","vol":"9","page":330},{"text":"١٣٣٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لِلْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا بِقَدْرِ عُمَالَتِهِمْ»","vol":"9","page":331},{"text":"١٣٣٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَسْتِيُّ بِمَرْوَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمُوَجِّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الشَّمِيطِ قَالَ أَبِي، وَالْأَخْضَرُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ الْعَامِرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ: إِنَّ لِلْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا - يَعْنِي عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ - حَقًّا؟ فَقَالَ:  «لِلْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا بِقَدْرِ عُمَالَتِهِمْ»","vol":"9","page":331},{"text":"١٣٣٤٥ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ إِلَّا لِخَمْسَةٍ: غَازٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ لِعَامِلٍ عَلَيْهَا، أَوْ لِغَارِمٍ، أَوْ لِرَجُلٍ اشْتَرَاهَا بِمَالِهِ، أَوْ لِرَجُلٍ لَهُ جَارٌ مِسْكِينٌ، فَتُصِدَّقَ عَلَى الْمِسْكِينِ، فَأَهْدَى الْمِسْكِينُ لِلْغَنِيِّ \" ⦗٣٣٢⦘.\n\n١٣٣٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ مُرْسَلًا.\n\n١٣٣٤٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:. . . . . . . . فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ مَوْصُولًا. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ. . . . . . . . فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٣٣٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةُ قُلُوبُهُمْ فِي مُتَقَدِّمِ الْأَخْبَارِ ضَرْبَانِ: ضَرْبٌ مُسْلِمُونَ أَشْرَافٌ مُطَاعُونَ يُجَاهِدُونَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيَقْوَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِهِمْ وَلَا يَرَوْنَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ مَا يَرَوْنَ مِنْ ثَبَاتِ غَيْرِهِمْ.\n\n١٣٣٤٩ - فَإِذَا كَانُوا هَكَذَا فَجَاهَدُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَأَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَوْا مِنْ سَهْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ مَا يُتَأَلَّفُونَ بِهِ سِوَى سُهْمَانِهِمْ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنْ كَانَتْ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ.\n\n١٣٣٥٠ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ هَذَا السَّهْمَ خَالِصًا لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ فِي مَصْلَحَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ","vol":"9","page":331},{"text":"١٣٣٥١ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا لِي مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا الْخُمُسُ، وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ». يَعْنِي بِالْخُمُسِ: حَقَّهُ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ» يَعْنِي: فِي مَصْلَحَتِكُمْ","vol":"9","page":332},{"text":"١٣٣٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَى الْمُؤَلَّفَةَ قُلُوبَهُمْ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ».\n\n١٣٣٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ مِثْلُ عُيَيْنَةَ وَالْأَقْرَعِ وَأَصْحَابِهِمَا، وَلَمْ يُعْطِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَبَّاسَ بْنَ مِرْدَاسٍ، وَقَدْ كَانَ شَرِيفًا عَظِيمَ الْغِنَاءِ حَتَّى اسْتُعْتِبَ فَأَعْطَاهُ","vol":"9","page":333},{"text":"١٣٣٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ قَالَ:  «أَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ، وَصَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ، وَعُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ حِصْنٍ، وَالْأَقْرَعَ بْنَ حَابِسٍ مِائَةَ مِائَةٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَأَعْطَى عَبَّاسَ بْنَ مِرْدَاسٍ دُونَ ذَلِكَ».\n\n١٣٣٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ،. . . . فَذَكَرَهُ. وَزَادَ قَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: فَقَالَ عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مِرْدَاسٍ:\n[البحر المتقارب]\n\nأَتَجْعَلُ نَهْبِي وَنَهْبَ الْعُبَيْدِ ... بَيْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ وَالْأَقْرَعِ\nفَمَا كَانَ بَدْرٌ وَلَا حَابِسٌ ... يَفُوقَانِ مِرْدَاسَ فِي الْمَجْمَعِ\nوَمَا كُنْتُ دُونَ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمَا ... وَمَنْ يُخْفَضِ الْيَوْمَ لَا يُرْفَعِ\nقَالَ: فَأَتَمَّ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِائَةً. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"9","page":333},{"text":"١٣٣٥٦ - ثُمَّ أَرْدَفَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ بِأَنْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَسْمًا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَعْطِ فُلَانًا فَإِنَّهُ مُؤْمِنٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَوْ مُسْلِمٌ» فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَعْطِ فُلَانًا فَإِنَّهُ مُؤْمِنٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَوْ مُسْلِمٌ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنِّي لَأُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ، وَغَيْرُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْهُ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَكُبَّهُ اللَّهُ فِي النَّارِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ دُونَ ذِكْرِ مَعْمَرٍ فِيهِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ","vol":"9","page":334},{"text":"١٣٣٥٧ - ثُمَّ أَرْدَفَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِحَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِتَمْرٍ، فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقْسِمُهُ وَهُوَ مُحْتَفِزٌ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ أَكْلًا ذَرِيعًا». رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ ⦗٣٣٥⦘.\n\n١٣٣٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ عَلَى حَدِيثِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ مِرْدَاسٍ: وَلَمَّا أَرَادَ مَا أَرَادَ الْقَوْمُ احْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ حِينَ رَغِبَ عَمَّا صَنَعَ بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ عَلَى مَعْنَى مَا أَعْطَاهُمْ، وَاحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَأَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ حَيْثُ رَأَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَهُ خَالِصًا، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ عَلَى التَّقْوِيَةِ بِالْعَطِيَّةِ، وَلَا نَرَى أَنْ قَدْ وَضَعَ مِنْ شَرَفِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ ﷺ قَدْ أَعْطَى مِنْ خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ النَّفَلَ وَغَيْرَ النَّفَلِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَهُ ﷺ، وَقَدْ أَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَعَارَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أُرَاهُ سِلَاحًا، وَقَالَ فِيهِ عِنْدَ الْهَزِيمَةِ أَحْسَنَ مِمَّا قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْهَزِيمَةَ كَانَتْ فِي أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: غَلَبَتْ هَوَازِنُ وَقُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ: بِفِيكَ الْحَجَرُ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَرَبٌّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ رَبٍّ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ، وَأَسْلَمَ قَوْمُهُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَكَانَ كَأَنَّهُ لَا يَشُكُّ فِي إِسْلَامِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٣٣٥٩ - فَإِذَا كَانَ مِثْلُ هَذَا رَأَيْتُ أَنْ يُعْطَى مَنْ سَهْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لِلِاقْتِدَاءِ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٣٣٦٠ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: كَانَ هَذَا السَّهْمُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَانَ لَهُ أَنْ يَضَعَ سَهْمَهُ حَيْثُ رَأَى فَقَدْ فَعَلَ ﷺ هَذَا مَرَّةً، وَأَعْطَى مِنْ سَهْمِهِ بِخَيْبَرَ رِجَالًا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَالُهُ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ رَأَى فَلَا يُعْطِي أَحَدٌ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ خُلَفَائِهِ أَعْطَى أَحَدًا بَعْدَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِلْمُؤَلَّفَةِ فِي قَسْمِ الْغَنِيمَةِ سَهْمٌ مَعَ أَهْلِ السُّهْمَانِ إِنْ كَانَ مَذْهَبًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":334},{"text":"١٣٣٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلِلْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ فِي قَسْمِ الصَّدَقَاتِ سَهْمٌ، وَالَّذِي أَحْفَظُ فِيهِ مِنْ مُتَقَدِّمِ الْخَبَرِ: «أَنَّ عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ جَاءَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ ⦗٣٣٦⦘ بِثَلَاثِ مِائَةٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ مِنْ صَدَقَاتِ قَوْمِهِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِنْهَا ثَلَاثِينَ بَعِيرًا، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَلْحَقَ بِخَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ بِمَنْ أَطَاعَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَجَاءَهُ بِزُهَاءِ أَلْفِ رَجُلٍ، وَأَبْلَى بَلَاءً حَسَنًا».\n\n١٣٣٦٢ - قَالَ: وَلَيْسَ فِي الْخَبَرِ مِنْ إِعْطَائِهِ إِيَّاهَا غَيْرَ أَنَّ الَّذِيَ يَكَادُ أَنْ يَعْرِفَ الْقَلْبُ بِالِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِالْأَخْبَارِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهَا مِنْ سَهْمِ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ، فَإِمَّا زَادَهُ لِيُرَغِّبَهُ فِيمَا صَنَعَ، وَإِمَّا أَعْطَاهُ لِيَتَأَلَّفَ بِهِ غَيْرَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مِمَّنْ لَا يَثِقُ مِنْهُ بِمِثْلِ مَا يَثِقُ بِهِ مِنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ.\n\n١٣٣٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى مِنْ سَهْمِ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، إِنْ نَزَلَتْ نَازِلَةٌ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَنْ تَنْزِلَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ النَّازِلَةِ.\n\n١٣٣٦٤ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِثْلُ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِمَّا كَانَ فِي زَمَانِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنِ امْتِنَاعِ أَكْثَرِ الْعَرَبِ بِالصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى الرِّدَّةِ وَغَيْرِهَا لَمْ أَرَ أَنْ يُعْطَى أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ سَهْمِ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَنْ يُرَدَّ سَهْمُهُمْ عَلَى السُّهْمَانِ مَعَهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي أَنَّ عُمَرَ وَلَا عُثْمَانَ وَلَا عَلِيًّا أَعْطُوا أَحَدًا تَأَلُّفًا عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَدْ أَعَزَّ اللَّهُ - فَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ - الْإِسْلَامَ عَنْ أَنْ يُتَأَلَّفَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَيْهِ.\n\n١٣٣٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُهُ: فِي الرِّقَابِ يَعْنِي الْمُكَاتَبِينَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":335},{"text":"١٣٣٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ الزُّهْرِيَّ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَفِي الرِّقَابِ﴾ [التوبة: ٦٠] قَالَ: «الْمُكَاتَبِينَ».\n\n١٣٣٦٧ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ.\n\n١٣٣٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْغَارِمُونَ صِنْفَانِ: صِنْفٌ دَانُوا فِي مَصْلَحَتِهِمْ أَوْ مَعْرُوفٍ وَغَيْرِ مَعْصِيَةٍ ثُمَّ عَجَزُوا عَنْ أَدَاءِ ذَلِكَ فِي الْعَرْضِ وَالنَّقْدِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فِي ⦗٣٣٧⦘ غُرْمِهِمْ لِعَجْزِهِمْ، وَصِنْفٌ دَانُوا فِي حَمَالَاتٍ وَصَلَاحِ ذَاتِ بَيْنٍ وَمَعْرُوفٍ وَلَهُمْ عَرُوضٌ تَحْمِلُ حَمَالَاتِهِمْ أَوْ عَامَّتَهَا، وَإِنْ بِيعَتْ أَضَرَّ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْتَقِرُوا فَيُعْطَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَتُوَفَّرُ عَرُوضُهُمْ كَمَا يُعْطَى أَهْلُ الْحَاجَةِ مِنَ الْغَارِمِينَ حَتَّى يَقْضُوا غُرْمَهُمْ","vol":"9","page":336},{"text":"١٣٣٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ رِيَابٍ، عَنْ كِنَانَةَ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ الْمُخَارِقِ الْهِلَالِيِّ قَالَ: تَحَمَّلْتُ بِحَمَالَةٍ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ: \" نُؤَدِّيهَا عَنْكَ، أَوْ نُخْرِجُهَا عَنْكَ إِذَا قَدِمَ نَعَمُ الصَّدَقَةِ، يَا قَبِيصَةُ، الْمَسْأَلَةُ حُرِّمَتْ إِلَّا فِي ثَلَاثٍ: رَجُلٍ تَحَمَّلَ بِحَمَالَةٍ فَحَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهَا، ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ فَاقَةٌ أَوْ حَاجَةٌ حَتَّى شَهِدَ أَوْ تَكَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ ذَوِي الْحِجَا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ أَنَّ بِهَ حَاجَةً أَوْ فَاقَةً فَحَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَاجْتَاحَتْ مَالَهُ فَحَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، فَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَهُوَ سُحْتٌ \". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ رِيَابٍ.\n\n١٣٣٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهُوَ مَعْنَى مَا قُلْتُ فِي الْغَارِمِينَ. وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «تَحِلُّ الْمَسْأَلَةُ فِي الْفَاقَةِ وَالْحَاجَةِ» يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مِنْ سَهْمِ الْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ لَا الْغَارِمِينَ.\n\n١٣٣٧١ - وَقَوْلُهُ: «حَتَّى يُصِيبَ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ»، يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَقَلَّ اسْمِ الْغِنَا، وَبِذَلِكَ نَقُولُ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ وَالْمَسْكَنَةِ ⦗٣٣٨⦘.\n\n١٣٣٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَهْمُ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يُعْطَى مِنْهُ مَنْ أَرَادَ الْغَزْوَ مِنْ جِيرَانِ الصَّدَقَةِ فَقِيرًا كَانَ أَوْ غَنِيًّا.\n\n١٣٣٧٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ.\n\n١٣٣٧٤ - قَالَ: وَابْنُ السَّبِيلِ مِنْ جِيرَانِ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ السَّفَرَ فِي غَيْرِ مَعْصِيَةٍ فَيَعْجِزُونَ عَنْ بُلُوغِ سَفَرِهِمْ إِلَّا بِمَعُونَةٍ عَلَى سَفَرِهِمْ.\n\n١٣٣٧٥ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، رِوَايَةُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا فِي سَهْمِ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ: وَهُوَ لِمَنْ مَرَّ بِمَوْضِعِ الْمُصَدِّقِ مِمَّنْ يَعْجِزُ عَنْ بُلُوغِ حَيْثُ يُرِيدُ إِلَّا بِمَعُونَةِ الْمُصَدِّقِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الصَّدَقَةِ كَانَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِمْ إِذَا كَانَ حُرًّا مُسْلِمًا.\n\n١٣٣٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مَذْهَبٌ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"9","page":337},{"text":"١٣٣٧٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الضَّبِّيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" صَدَقَتُكَ عَلَى الْمِسْكِينِ صَدَقَةٌ، وَإِنَّهَا عَلَى ذِي رَحِمٍ لِثِنْتَانِ: صَدَقَةٌ وَصِلَةٌ \"","vol":"9","page":338},{"text":"١٣٣٧٨ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى ذِي الرَّحِمِ الْكَاشِحِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٣٣٩⦘ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ. فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ.\n\n١٣٣٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مِمَّنْ يَلْزَمُهُ نَفَقَةٌ مِنْ وَالِدَيْهِ وَأَوْلَادِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَحَدُ هَؤُلَاءِ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ مِنْ سَهْمِ الْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ شَيْئًا لِاسْتِغْنَائِهِ بِهِ","vol":"9","page":338},{"text":"١٣٣٨٠ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُخْتَارِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ:  «لَيْسَ لِوَلَدٍ وَلَا لِوَالِدٍ حَقٌّ فِي صَدَقَةٍ مَفْرُوضَةٍ».\n\n١٣٣٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يُعْطِي زَوْجَتَهُ لِأَنَّ نَفَقَتَهَا تَلْزَمُهُ","vol":"9","page":339},{"text":"١٣٣٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ امْرَأَةِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَيَجْزِئُ عَنَّا أَنْ نَجْعَلَ الصَّدَقَةَ فِي زَوْجٍ فَقِيرٍ وَابْنِ أَخٍ أَيْتَامٍ فِي حُجُورِنَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَكَ أَجْرُ الصَّدَقَةِ وَأَجْرُ الصِّلَةِ».\n\n١٣٣٨٣ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ دَفْعِ زَكَاتِهَا إِلَى زَوْجِهَا إِذَا كَانَ مُحْتَاجًا.\n\n١٣٣٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ إِذَا كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، فَأَمَّا آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ الَّذِينَ جُعِلَ لَهُمُ الْخُمُسُ عِوَضًا مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ فَلَا يُعْطَوْنَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَاتِ الْمَفْرُوضَاتِ شَيْئًا. قَالَ: وَهُمْ أَهْلُ الشِّعْبِ وَهُمْ صَلِبِيَةِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ.\n\n١٣٣٨٥ - قَالَ: وَلَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ صَدَقَةُ التَّطَوُّعِ، إِنَّمَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ. وَذَكَرَ حِكَايَةَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ: إِنَّمَا حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْنَا الصَّدَقَةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ، وَذَكَرَ ⦗٣٤٠⦘ صَدَقَةَ عَلِيٍّ وَفَاطِمَةَ عَلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَذَكَرَ قَبُولَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْهَدِيَّةَ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ تُصُدِّقَ بِهَا عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ وَقَدْ مَضَى جَمِيعُ ذَلِكَ فِي آخِرِ كِتَابِ الْهِبَاتِ.\n\n١٣٣٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ: اخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي الْمَوَالِي، يَعْنِي مَوَالِي بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: يُعْطَوْنَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ مَعَ مَوَالِيهِمْ بَدَلًا مِنَ الَّذِي حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا: لَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا الْخُمُسُ لِلصَّلِبِيَةِ دُونَ الْمَوَالِي.\n\n١٣٣٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْقِيَاسِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الصَّلِبيَةَ وَالْمَوَالِي فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَرَّمَ عَلَى مَوَالِيهِ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، فَكَذَلِكَ الْخُمُسُ وَالْمَوَالِي وَالصَّلِيبَةُ فِيهِمْ سَوَاءٌ، وَكُلُّهُمْ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الصَّدَقَةِ سَوَاءٌ.\n\n١٣٣٨٨ - غَيْرَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَرَ النَّاسَ قَبْلَنَا أَعْطُوا الْمَوَالِيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، وَالْقِيَاسُ أَنْ يُعْطَوْا","vol":"9","page":339},{"text":"١٣٣٨٩ - قُلْتُ: وَالْأَصْلُ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ حَدِيثَا أَبِي رَافِعٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ، فَقَالَ لِأَبِي رَافِعٍ: اصْحَبْنِي كَيْمَا نُصِيبَ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ: لَا، حَتَّى آتِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَنَا، وَإِنَّ مَوَالِيَ الْقَوْمِ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَالَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٤١⦘. وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنْ مَيْمُونٍ أَوْ مِهْرَانَ مَوْلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"9","page":340},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-934>بَابُ مِيسَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>","vol":"9","page":342},{"text":"١٣٣٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: بَلَغَنِي، أَنَّ حُمَيْدًا الطَّوِيلَ ذَكَرَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «أَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَسِمُ إِبِلَ الصَّدَقَةِ»","vol":"9","page":342},{"text":"١٣٣٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الصَّقْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ فِيَ يَدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْمِيسَمَ وَهُوَ يَسِمُ إِبِلَ الصَّدَقَةِ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ هِشَامِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي دُخُولِهِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَرُؤْيَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ يَسِمُ شَاءً فِي آذَانِهَا، فِيمَا يَحْسِبُ","vol":"9","page":342},{"text":"١٣٣٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ  «نَهَى عَنِ الْوَسْمِ فِي الْوَجْهِ»","vol":"9","page":343},{"text":"١٣٣٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَعْوَرُ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ. أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْوَسْمِ فِي الْوَجْهِ، وَالضَّرْبِ فِي الْوَجْهِ».\n\n١٣٣٩٤ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ هَارُونَ الْحَمَّالِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ","vol":"9","page":343},{"text":"قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: «إِنَّ فِي الظَّهْرِ نَاقَةً عَمْيَاءَ» فَقَالَ: «أَمِنْ نَعَمِ الْجِزْيَةِ أَمْ مِنْ نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ؟» فَقَالَ أَسْلَمُ: مِنْ نَعَمِ الْجِزْيَةِ قَالَ: «إِنَّ عَلَيْهَا مِيسَمَ الْجِزْيَةِ».\n\n١٣٣٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَسِمُ وَسْمَيْنِ: وَسْمَ جِزْيَةٍ، وَوَسْمَ صَدَقَةٍ، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ\n\n١٣٣٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ بِطُولِهِ فِي كِتَابِ فَرْضِ الزَّكَاةِ كَمَا نَقَلَهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ","vol":"9","page":343},{"text":"١٣٣٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: \" أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كَانَ يُؤْتَى بِنَعَمٍ كَثِيرَةٍ مِنْ نَعَمِ الْجِزْيَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: إِنَّ فِي الظَّهْرِ لَنَاقَةً عَمْيَاءَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «ادْفَعْهَا إِلَى أَهْلِ ⦗٣٤٤⦘ الْبَيْتِ يَنْتَفِعُونَ بِهَا» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: وَهِيَ عَمْيَاءُ؟ قَالَ: يَقْطُرُونَهَا بِالْإِبِلِ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: كَيْفَ تَأْكُلُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «أَمِنْ نَعَمِ الْجِزْيَةِ هِيَ أَمْ مِنْ نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ؟» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: بَلْ مِنْ نَعَمِ الْجِزْيَةِ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «أَرَدْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ أَكْلَهَا»، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ عَلَيْهَا وَسْمَ الْجِزْيَةِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَنُحِرَتْ قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ صِحَافٌ تِسْعٌ، فَلَا يَكُونُ فَاكِهَةٌ وَلَا طَرِيفَةٌ إِلَّا جَعَلَ مِنْهَا فِي تِلْكَ الصِّحَافِ، فَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيَكُونُ الَّذِي يَبْعَثُ بِهِ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ مِنْ آخِرِ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ نُقْصَانٌ كَانَ فِي حَظِّ حَفْصَةَ قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ فِي تِلْكَ الصِّحَافِ مِنْ لَحْمِ تِلْكَ الْجَزُورِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَمَرَ بِمَا بَقِيَ مِنَ اللَّحْمِ فَصُنِعَ، فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارَ \". وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ.\n\n١٣٣٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَزَلِ السُّعَاةُ يَبْلُغُنِي عَنْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَسِمُونَ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ فِي الْمِيسَمِ عِلَّةً، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا أَخَذَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ مَعْلُومًا فَلَا يَشْتَرِيهِ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ للَّهِ ﷿.\n\n١٣٣٩٩ - كَمَا أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فِي فَرَسٍ حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَرَآهُ يُبَاعُ أَنْ لَا يَشْتَرِيَهُ، وَكَمَا تَرَكَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ نُزُولَ مَنَازِلِهِمْ بِمَكَّةَ لِأَنَّهُمْ تَرَكُوهَا لِلَّهِ","vol":"9","page":343},{"text":"١٣٤٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ حَمَلَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَوَجَدَهُ يُبَاعُ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهُ، فَسَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تَبْتَعْهُ، وَلَا تَعُدْ فِي صَدَقَتِكَ»","vol":"9","page":345},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-935>٢٣ - كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ</span>","vol":"10","page":7},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-936>بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ</span>","vol":"10","page":7},{"text":"١٣٤٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ لِمَا خَصَّ بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ وَحْيِهِ، وَأَبَانَ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ مِنَ الْمُبَايَنَةِ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ بِالْفَرْضِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ بِطَاعَتِهِ فِي غَيْرِ آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿مَنْ يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ﴾ [النساء: ٨٠]، وَذَكَرَ مَعَهَا غَيْرَهَا ⦗٨⦘\n\n١٣٤٠٢ - قَالَ: فَافْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ أَشْيَاءَ خَفَّفَهَا عَنْ خَلْقِهِ لِيَزِيدَهُ بِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ قُرْبَةً إِلَيْهِ وَكَرَامَةً، وَأَبَاحَ لَهُ أَشْيَاءَ حَظَرَهَا عَلَى خَلْقِهِ زِيَادَةً فِي كَرَامَتِهِ وَتَبْيِينًا لِفَضِيلَتِهِ، مَعَ مَا لَا يُحْصَى مِنْ كَرَامَتِهِ لَهُ وَهِيَ مَوْضُوعَةٌ مَوَاضِعَهَا،\n\n١٣٤٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِلَى هَا هُنَا قِرَاءَةً، وَمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَعْضُهُ إِجَازَةً، وَبَعْضُهُ قِرَاءَةً\n\n١٣٤٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَنْ مَلَكَ زَوْجَةً سِوَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُخَيِّرَهَا فِي الْمُقَامِ مَعَهُ أَوْ فِرَاقِهِ، وَلَهُ حَبْسُهَا إِذَا أَدَّى إِلَيْهَا مَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ لَهَا وَإِنْ كَرِهَتْهُ","vol":"10","page":7},{"text":"١٣٤٠٥ - وَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ أَنْ يُخَيِّرَ نِسَاءَهُ، فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا، وَإِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنْكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٩]،\n\n١٣٤٠٦ - \" فَخَيَّرَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاخْتَرْنَهُ، فَلَمْ يَكُنِ الْخِيَارُ إِذِ اخْتَرْنَهُ طَلَاقًا وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ لَهُنَّ طَلَاقًا إِذَا اخْتَرْنَهُ،\n\n١٣٤٠٧ - وَكَانَ تَخْيِيرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا وَلَمْ يَخْتَرْنَهُ، فَأَحْدَثَ لَهُنَّ طَلَاقًا، لَا لِيَجْعَلَ الطَّلَاقَ إِلَيْهِنَّ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٨] أَحْدَثَ، لَكِنْ إِذَا اخْتَرْتُنَّ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا مَتَاعًا وَسَرَاحًا، فَلَمَّا اخْتَرْنَهُ لَمْ يُوجِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ لَهُنَّ طَلَاقًا وَلَا مَتَاعًا ⦗٩⦘،\n\n١٣٤٠٨ - فَأَمَّا قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ: فَقَدْ خَيَّرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاخْتَرْنَاهُ، أَفَكَانَ ذَلِكَ طَلَاقًا؟، فَتَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ لَمْ يُوجِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ لَنَا طَلَاقًا،\n\n١٣٤٠٩ - وَإِذْ فُرِضَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنِ اخْتَرْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا أَنْ يُمَتِّعْهُنَّ فَاخْتَرْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَلَمْ يُطَلِّقْ وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُنَّ،\n\n١٣٤١٠ - فَكُلُّ مَنْ خَيَّرَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَمْ تَخْتَرِ الطَّلَاقَ فَلَا طَلَاقَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا،\n\n١٣٤١١ - وَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ مَنْ خَيَّرَ نِسَاءَهُ فَلَيْسَ الْخِيَارُ بِطَلَاقٍ حَتَّى تُطَلِّقَ الْمُخَيَّرَةُ نَفْسَهَا","vol":"10","page":8},{"text":"١٣٤١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «خَيَّرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»، أَفَكَانَ ذَلِكَ طَلَاقًا؟ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْفَقِيهُ الشِّيرَازِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٣٤١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎ عَلَيْهِ: ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٢]، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٢]، بَعْدَ تَخْيِيرِهِ أَزْوَاجَهُ","vol":"10","page":9},{"text":"١٣٤١٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أُحِلَّ لَهُ النِّسَاءُ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٣٤١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَأَنَّهَا تَعْنِي اللَّاتِي حُظِرْنَ عَلَيْهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَلَا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٢]،\n\n١٣٤١٦ - وَأَحْسِبُ قَوْلَ عَائِشَةَ أُحِلَّ لَهُ النِّسَاءُ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠]، فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ مَا أَحَلَّ لَهُ، فَذَكَرَ أَزْوَاجَهُ اللَّاتِي آتَى أُجُورَهُنَّ، وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّهِ، وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِهِ، وَبَنَاتِ خَالِهِ، وَبَنَاتِ خَالَاتِهِ، وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ،\n\n١٣٤١٧ - فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَعْنَيَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّهُ أَحَلَّ لَهُ مَعَ أَزْوَاجِهِ مَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُ بِزَوْجٍ يَوْمَ أَحَلَّ لَهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ بَنَاتِ عَمِّهِ وَلَا بَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِهِ وَلَا بَنَاتِ خَالِهِ، وَلَا بَنَاتِ خَالَاتِهِ امْرَأَةٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ عِدَّةُ نِسْوَةٍ، وَعَلَى أَنَّهُ أَبَاحَ لَهُ مِنَ الْعَدَدِ مَا حَظَرَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَأْتَهِبْ بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ مَا حَظَرَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ ⦗١١⦘،\n\n١٣٤١٨ - ثُمَّ جَعَلَ لَهُ فِي اللَّاتِي يَهَبْنَ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْتَهِبَ وَيَتْرُكَ، فَقَالَ: ﴿تُرْجِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ مِنْهُنَّ وَتُؤْوِي إِلَيْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَمَنِ ابْتَغَيْتَ مِمَّنْ عَزَلْتَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥١]،\n\n١٣٤١٩ - فَمَنِ ائْتَهَبَ مِنْهُنَّ فَهِيَ زَوْجَةٌ لَا تَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَأْتَهِبْ فَلَيْسَ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا اسْمُ زَوْجَةٍ وَهِيَ تَحِلُّ لَهُ وَلِغَيْرِهِ","vol":"10","page":10},{"text":"١٣٤٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: \" أَنَّ امْرَأَةً وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَامَتْ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ زَوِّجْنِيهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ بِهَا حَاجَةٌ، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ زَوَّجَهُ إِيَّاهَا \"،\n\n١٣٤٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ مِمَّا خَصَّ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ قَوْلَهُ:\n\n١٣٤٢٢ - ﴿النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٦]،\n\n١٣٤٢٣ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْذُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَنْ تَنْكِحُوا أَزْوَاجَهُ ⦗١٢⦘ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَبَدًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٣]، فَحَرَّمَ نِكَاحَ نِسَائِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ، وَلَيْسَ هَكَذَا نِسَاءُ أَحَدٍ غَيْرِهِ،\n\n١٣٤٢٤ - وَقَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿يَا نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ لَسْتُنَّ كَأَحَدٍ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِنِ اتَّقَيْتُنَّ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٢]، فَأَبَانَهُنَّ بِهِ ﷺ مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ،\n\n١٣٤٢٥ - وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٦]، مِثْلُ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ اتِّسَاعِ لِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ، وَأَنَّ الْكَلِمَةَ الْوَاحِدَةَ تَجْمَعُ مَعَانِيَ مُخْتَلِفَةً، وَمِمَّا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَحْكَمَ كَثِيرًا مِنْ فَرَائِضِهِ بِوَحْيِهِ، وَسَنَّ شَرَائِعَ، وَاخْتِلَافُهَا عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ وَفِي فِعْلِهِ،\n\n١٣٤٢٦ - فَقَوْلُهُ: أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ يَعْنِي فِي مَعْنًى دُونَ مَعْنًى، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُمْ نِكَاحُهُنَّ بِحَالٍ، وَلَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِمْ نِكَاحُ بَنَاتٍ لَوْ كُنَّ لَهُنَّ كَمَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِمْ نِكَاحُ بَنَاتِ أُمَّهَاتِهِمُ اللَّاتِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَرْضَعْنَهُمْ،\n\n١٣٤٢٧ - وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَوَّجَ فَاطِمَةَ ابْنَتَهُ وَهُوَ أَبُو الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَهِيَ بِنْتُ خَدِيجَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ زَوَّجَهَا عَلِيًّا،\n\n١٣٤٢٨ - وَزَوَّجَ رُقَيَّةَ وَأُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ،\n\n١٣٤٢٩ - وَأَنَّ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ تَزَوَّجَتْ،\n\n١٣٤٣٠ - وَأَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ تَزَوَّجَ بِنْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ،\n\n١٣٤٣١ - وَأَنَّ طَلْحَةَ تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ الْأُخْرَى وَهُمَا أُخْتَا أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،\n\n١٣٤٣٢ - وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ تَزَوَّجَ حَمْنَةَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ، وَهِيَ أُخْتُ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ زَيْنَبَ ⦗١٣⦘،\n\n١٣٤٣٣ - وَلَا يَرِثْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَا يَرِثُوهُنَّ كَمَا يَرِثُونَ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ وَيَرِثْنَهُنَّ، وَيُشْبِهْنَ أَنْ يَكُنَّ أُمَّهَاتٍ لِعِظَمِ الْحَقِّ عَلَيْهِمْ، مَعَ تَحْرِيمِ نِكَاحِهِنَّ،\n\n١٣٤٣٤ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي وُقُوعِ اسْمِ الْأُمِّ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْوَالِدَاتِ فِي بَعْضِ الْمَعَانِي\n\n١٣٤٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا مَا سِوَى مَا وَصَفْنَا مِنْ أَنَّ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ عَدَدِ النِّسَاءِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا لِلنَّاسِ، وَمَنِ اتَّهَبَ بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ، وَمِنْ أَنَّ أَزْوَاجَهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ لَا يَحْلِلْنَ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَهُ، وَمَا فِي مِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ مِنَ الْحُكْمِ بَيْنَ الْأَزْوَاجِ فِيمَا يَحِلُّ مِنْهُنَّ وَيَحْرُمُ بِالْحَادِثِ،\n\n١٣٤٣٦ - فَلَا نَعْلَمُ حَالَ النَّاسِ يُخَالِفُ حَالَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٣٤٣٧ - فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ لِنِسَائِهِ، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَرًا أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُنَّ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهَا، فَهَذَا لِكُلِّ مَنْ لَهُ أَزْوَاجٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ","vol":"10","page":11},{"text":"١٣٤٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَرًا أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ، فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهَا»","vol":"10","page":13},{"text":"١٣٤٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ فِرَاقَ سَوْدَةَ، فَقَالَتْ: لَا تُفَارِقْنِي وَدَعْنِي، حَتَّى يَحْشُرَنِي اللَّهُ فِي أَزْوَاجِكَ، وَأَنَا أَهَبُ يَوْمِي وَلَيْلَتِي لِأُخْتِي عَائِشَةَ \"","vol":"10","page":13},{"text":"١٣٤٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَقَدْ فَعَلَتِ ابْنَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ شَبِيهًا بِهَذَا حِينَ أَرَادَ زَوْجُهَا طَلَاقَهَا، وَنَزَلَ فِيهَا ذِكْرٌ فِي ذَلِكَ: وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا \" الْآيَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ - يَعْنِي - بِقِصَّةِ ابْنَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ","vol":"10","page":14},{"text":"١٣٤٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَلْ لَكَ فِي أُخْتِي ابْنَةِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَأَفْعَلُ مَاذَا؟» قَالَتْ: تَنْكِحُهَا قَالَ: «أُخْتُكِ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «أَوَتُحِبِّينَ ذَلِكَ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، لَسْتُ لَكَ بِمُخْلِيَةٍ، وَأَحَبُّ مَنْ شَرِكَنِي فِي خَيْرٍ أُخْتِي قَالَ: «فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ لِي»، فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّكَ تَخْطُبُ ابْنَةَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: «ابْنَةُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «فَوَاللَّهِ، لَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ رَبِيبَتِي فِي حِجْرِي مَا حَلَّتْ لِي، إِنَّهَا لَابْنَةُ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، أَرْضَعَتْنِي، وَأَبَاهَا ثُوَيْبَةُ، فَلَا تَعْرِضْنَ عَلَيَّ بَنَاتِكُنَّ وَلَا أَخَوَاتِكُنَّ» ⦗١٥⦘\nأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ","vol":"10","page":14},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-937>بَابُ التَّرْغِيبِ فِي النِّكَاحِ</span>","vol":"10","page":16},{"text":"١٣٤٤٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي التَّرْغِيبِ فِي النِّكَاحِ: لِمَنْ تَاقَتْ نَفْسُهُ إِلَيْهِ أُحِبُّ لَهُ ذَلِكَ؛ ⦗١٧⦘\n\n١٣٤٤٣ - لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَمَرَ بِهِ وَنَدَبَ إِلَيْهِ وَجَعَلَ فِيهِ أَسْبَابَ مَنَافِعَ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَجَعَلَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا لِيَسْكُنَ إِلَيْهَا﴾ [الأعراف: ١٨٩]،\n\n١٣٤٤٤ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً﴾ [النحل: ٧٢]،\n\n١٣٤٤٥ - فَقِيلَ: إِنَّ الْحَفَدَةَ: الْأَصْهَارُ،\n\n١٣٤٤٦ - وَقَالَ: ﴿فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَبًا وَصِهْرًا﴾ [الفرقان: ٥٤]\n\n١٣٤٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا تَفْسِيرَ الْحَفَدَةَ هَذَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ\n\n١٣٤٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «تَنَاكَحُوا تَكْثُرُوا فَإِنِّي أُبَاهِي بِكُمُ الْأُمَمَ حَتَّى بِالسَّقْطِ»،\n\n١٣٤٤٩ - وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحَبَّ فِطْرَتِي فَلْيَسْتَنَّ بِسُنَّتِي، وَمِنْ سُنَّتِي النِّكَاحُ»،\n\n١٣٤٥٠ - وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ مَاتَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ لَمْ تَمَسَّهُ النَّارُ»،\n\n١٣٤٥١ - وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُرْفَعَ بِدُعَاءِ وَلَدِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ⦗١٨⦘،\n\n١٣٤٥٢ - وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: \" مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ مَنْ تَرَكَ النِّكَاحَ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ﴾ [النور: ٣٢] \"","vol":"10","page":16},{"text":"١٣٤٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَصَحُّ مَا وَرَدَ فِي التَّرْغِيبِ فِي النِّكَاحِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَمْشِي مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَلَقِيَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بِمِنًى، فَجَعَلَ يُحَدِّثُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَلَا نُزَوِّجُكَ جَارِيَةً شَابَّةً لَعَلَّهَا تُذَكِّرُكَ بَعْضَ مَا مَضَى مِنْ زَمَانِكَ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: أَمَا لَئِنْ قُلْتَ ذَاكَ، لَقَدْ قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ الشَّبَابِ، مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمُ الْبَاءَةَ فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْ، فَإِنَّهُ أَغَضُّ لِلْبَصَرِ، وَأَحْصَنُ لِلْفَرْجِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَيْهِ بِالصَّوْمِ فَإِنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَهُ وِجَاءٌ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"10","page":18},{"text":"١٣٤٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَكِنِّي أُصَلِّي وَأَنَامُ، وَأَصُومُ وَأَفْطِرُ، وَأَتَزَوَّجُ النِّسَاءَ، فَمَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ سُنَّتِي فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي»","vol":"10","page":19},{"text":"١٣٤٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحَبَّ فِطْرَتِي فَلْيَسْتَنَّ بِسُنَّتِي، وَمِنْ سُنَّتِي النِّكَاحُ»\n\n١٣٤٥٦ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n١٣٤٥٧ - وَرُوِي عَنْ أَبِي حُرَّةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"10","page":19},{"text":"١٣٤٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْمُسْتَلِمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي ابْنُ أُخْتِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً ذَاتَ حَسَبٍ وَمَنْصِبٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهَا لَا تَلِدُ، فَنَهَاهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ الثَّانِيَةَ فَنَهَاهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقَالَ:  «تَزَوَّجُوا الْوَدُودَ الْوَلُودَ فَإِنِّي مُكَاثِرٌ بِكُمْ»","vol":"10","page":19},{"text":"١٣٤٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعَدْلُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَمُوتُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ فَتَمَسَّهُ النَّارُ إِلَّا تَحِلَّةَ الْقَسَمِ»","vol":"10","page":20},{"text":"١٣٤٦٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُرْفَعُ بِدُعَاءِ وَلَدِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ»، وَقَالَ: بِيَدَيْهِ نَحْوَ السَّمَاءِ يَرْفَعُهُمَا\n\n١٣٤٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَدِيثُ مَرْفُوعٌ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ","vol":"10","page":20},{"text":"١٣٤٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَيُرْفَعُ لَهُ الدَّرَجَةُ لَا يَعْرِفُهَا فَيَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ أَنَّى لِي هَذَا؟ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَذَا بِاسْتِغْفَارِ ابْنِكَ لَكَ \"،\n\n١٣٤٦٣ - تَابَعَهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ","vol":"10","page":20},{"text":"١٣٤٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ أَرَادَ أَنْ لَا يَنْكِحَ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ حَفْصَةُ:  «تَزَوَّجْ فَإِنْ وُلِدَ لَكَ وَلَدٌ فَعَاشَ مِنْ بَعْدِكِ دَعَوْا لَكَ»","vol":"10","page":20},{"text":"١٣٤٦٥ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ رِوَايَةُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي طَاوُسٌ: لَتَنْكِحَنَّ أَوْ لَأَقُولَنَّ لَكَ مَا قَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي الزَّوَائِدِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَمَا قَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي الزَّوَائِدِ؟ قَالَ: قَالَ لَهُ:  «مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ النِّكَاحِ إِلَّا عَجْزٌ أَوْ فُجُورٌ»\n\n١٣٤٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ فِيمَنْ لَمْ تَتُقْ نَفْسُهُ إِلَى النِّكَاحِ: لَا أَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَدَعَ النِّكَاحَ، بَلْ أُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ، وَأَنْ يَتَخَلَّى لِعِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١٣٤٦٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ فَلَمْ يَنْهَهُنَّ عَنِ الْقُعُودِ، وَلَمْ يَنْدِبْهُنَّ إِلَى نِكَاحٍ،\n\n١٣٤٦٨ - وَذَكَرَ عَبْدًا أَكْرَمَهُ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَسَيِّدًا وَحَصُورًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٣٩]،\n\n١٣٤٦٩ - وَالْحَصُورُ: الَّذِي لَا يَأْتِي النِّسَاءَ، وَلَمْ يُنْدِبْهُ إِلَى نِكَاحٍ\n\n١٣٤٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،\n\n١٣٤٧١ - وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٣٤٧٢ - وَمُجَاهِدٍ،\n\n١٣٤٧٣ - وَعِكْرِمَةَ","vol":"10","page":21},{"text":"١٣٤٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي نَظَرِ الرَّجُلِ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا قَالَ: «يَنْظُرُ إِلَى وَجْهِهَا وَكَفَّيْهَا وَهِيَ مُتَغَطِّيَةٌ، وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى مَا وَرَاءِ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"10","page":21},{"text":"١٣٤٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: «أَنَظَرْتَ إِلَيْهَا؟» قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: «فَاذْهَبْ فَانْظُرْ إِلَيْهَا، فَإِنَّ فِي أَعْيُنِ الْأَنْصَارِ شَيْئًا»","vol":"10","page":22},{"text":"١٣٤٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: أَرَادَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «اذْهَبْ فَانْظُرْ إِلَيْهَا فَإِنَّهُ أَحْرَى أَنْ يُؤْدَمَ بَيْنَكُمَا» قَالَ: فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهَا، فَذَكَرَ مِنْ مُوَافَقَتِهَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٣٤٧٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ","vol":"10","page":22},{"text":"١٣٤٧٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا خَطَبَ أَحَدُكُمُ امْرَأَةً فَإِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ مِنْهَا إِلَى بَعْضِ مَا يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى نِكَاحِهَا فَلْيَفْعَلْ» قَالَ ⦗٢٣⦘: فَخَطَبْتُ جَارِيَةً مِنْ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ، فَكُنْتُ أَتَخَبَّأُ لَهَا حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ مِنْهَا مَا دَعَانِي إِلَى نِكَاحِهَا\n\n١٣٤٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَنْظُرُ إِلَى وَجْهِهَا وَكَفَّيْهَا وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى مَا وَرَاءِ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٣٤٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ يَقُولُ: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهْرَ مِنْهَا﴾ [النور: ٣١]،\n\n١٣٤٨١ - قِيلَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ: وَهُوَ الْوَجْهُ وَالْكَفَّانِ،\n\n١٣٤٨٢ - وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَذَكَرْنَا فِيهِ مَا يُشَيِّدُهُ،\n\n١٣٤٨٣ - وَأَمَّا النَّظَرُ بِغَيْرِ سَبَبٍ مُبِيحٍ لِغَيْرِ مَحْرَمٍ فَالْمَنْعُ مِنْهُ ثَابِتٌ بِآيَةِ الْحِجَابِ،\n\n١٣٤٨٤ - وَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِلْمَذْكُورِينَ فِي الْآيَةِ مِنْ ذَوِي الْمَحَارِمِ،\n\n١٣٤٨٥ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَعَهُمْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ","vol":"10","page":22},{"text":"١٣٤٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ فَاطِمَةَ وَسَتْرِهَا رَأْسَهَا، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا: «إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكِ بَأْسٌ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَبُوكِ وَغُلَامُكِ»، يَعْنِي: عَبْدًا لَهَا،\n\n١٣٤٨٧ - وَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَعَهُمْ: ﴿التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ﴾ [النور: ٣١]،\n\n١٣٤٨٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَتْبَعُ الْقَوْمَ وَهُوَ مُغَفَّلٌ فِي عَقْلِهِ لَا يَكْتَرِثُ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَلَا يَشْتَهِيهِنَّ» ⦗٢٤⦘،\n\n١٣٤٨٩ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ: هُوَ الَّذِي لَا عَقْلَ لَهُ وَلَا يَشْتَهِي النِّسَاءَ وَلَا تَشْتَهِيهِ النِّسَاءُ،\n\n١٣٤٩٠ - وَقَالَ فِي الْآيَةِ: ﴿أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ﴾ [النور: ٣١]","vol":"10","page":23},{"text":"١٣٤٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ نِسَاءً مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَدْخُلْنَ الْحَمَّامَاتِ وَمَعَهُنَّ نِسَاءُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، فَامْنَعْ ذَلِكَ وَحُلْ دُونَهُ»،\n\n١٣٤٩٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يُنْظَرَ إِلَى عَوْرَتِهَا إِلَّا أَهْلُ مِلَّتِهَا»\n\n١٣٤٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِي الْعَوْرَةِ الْمُحَقَّقَةِ، وَالَّذِي يُؤَكِّدُهُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا تَضَعُ الْمُسْلِمَةُ خِمَارَهَا عِنْدَ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَا تُقَبِّلُهَا؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: ﴿أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ﴾ [النور: ٣١]","vol":"10","page":24},{"text":"١٣٤٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَأَمَّا فِي الْعَوْرَةِ الْمُغَلَّظَةِ فَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَنْظُرُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى عُرْيَةِ الرَّجُلِ، وَلَا تَنْظُرُ الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى عُرْيَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ، وَلَا يُفْضِي الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فِي ثَوْبِ وَاحِدٍ، وَلَا تُفْضِي الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ فِي ثَوْبٍ» ⦗٢٥⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ. . . . فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ،\n\n١٣٤٩٥ - وَهَذَا عَامٌ فِي جَمِيعِ النِّسَاءِ","vol":"10","page":24},{"text":"١٣٤٩٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي نَهْيِ الْمَرْأَةِ عَنِ النَّظَرِ إِلَى الْأَجْنَبِيِّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ نَبْهَانَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَعِنْدَهُ مَيْمُونَةُ فَأَقْبَلَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ أُمِرْنَا بِالْحِجَابِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ: «احْتَجِبَا»، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَيْسَ أَعْمَى وَلَا يُبْصِرُنَا؟ فَقَالَ: «أَفَعَمْيَاوَانِ أَنْتُمَا أَلَسْتُمَا تُبْصِرَانِهِ»\n\n١٣٤٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا إِذَا وَقَعَ بَصَرُهُ عَلَى مَنْ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ النَّظَرُ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَفْعَلُ بِهِ مَا فَعَلَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا","vol":"10","page":25},{"text":"١٣٤٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ نَظَرِ الْفَجْأَةِ، «فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَصْرِفَ بَصَرِي»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ","vol":"10","page":25},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-938>لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ</span>","vol":"10","page":26},{"text":"١٣٤٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ ⦗٢٧⦘: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَاضَوْا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢]\n\n١٣٥٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: زَعَمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ أَنَّ مَعْقِلَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ كَانَ زَوَّجَ أُخْتًا لَهُ ابْنَ عَمٍّ لَهُ، فَطَلَّقَهَا، ثُمَّ أَرَادَ الزَّوْجُ وَأَرَادَتْ نِكَاحَهُ بَعْدَ مُضِيِّ عِدَّتِهَا فَأَبَى مَعْقِلٌ، وَقَالَ: زَوَّجْتُكَ وَآثَرْتُكَ عَلَى غَيْرِكَ فَطَلَّقْتَهَا لَا أُزَوِّجُكَهَا أَبَدًا، فَنَزَلَ: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ﴾ [الطلاق: ١] يَعْنِي الْأَزْوَاجَ، ﴿فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢] فَانْقَضَى أَجَلُهُنَّ، يَعْنِي: عِدَّتُهُنَّ، ﴿فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢] يَعْنِي: أَوْلِيَاءَهُنْ، ﴿أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢]، إِنْ طَلَّقُوهُنَّ وَلَمْ يَبِتُّوا طَلَاقَهُنَّ\n\n١٣٥٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا أَشْبَهَ يَعْنِي مَا قَالُوا مِنْ هَذَا بِمَا قَالُوا؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُؤْمَرُ أَنْ لَا يَعْضُلَ الْمَرْأَةَ مَنْ لَهُ سَبَبٌ إِلَى الْعَضْلِ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ يَتِمُّ بِهِ نِكَاحُهَا مِنَ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ\n\n١٣٥٠٢ - قَالَ: وَهَذَا أَبْيَنُ مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ أَنَّ لِلْوَلِيِّ مَعَ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي نَفْسِهَا حَقًّا، وَأَنَّ عَلَى الْوَلِيِّ أَنْ لَا يَعْضُلَهَا إِذَا رَضِيَتِ أَنْ تُنْكَحَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ","vol":"10","page":26},{"text":"١٣٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ ⦗٢٨⦘: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، وَالْمُبَارَكُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ عَبَّادٌ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ لِي أُخْتٌ تُخْطَبُ إِلَيَّ وَأَمْنَعُهَا النَّاسَ، حَتَّى أَتَانِي ابْنُ عَمٍّ لِي فَخَطَبَهَا إِلَيَّ فَزَوَّجْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ، فَاصْطَحَبَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَصْطَحِبَا، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا طَلَاقًا لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا، ثُمَّ جَاءَنِي يَخْطُبُهَا مَعَ الْخُطَّابِ، فَقُلْتُ: «يَا لُكَعُ، خُطِبَتِ إِلَيَّ أُخْتِي فَمَنَعْتُهَا النَّاسَ وَخَطَبْتَهَا إِلَيَّ فَآثَرْتُكَ بِهَا، وَأَنْكَحْتُكَ فَطَلَّقْتَهَا، ثُمَّ لَمْ تَخْطُبْهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا، فَلَمَّا جَاءَنِي الْخُطَّابُ يَخْطُبُونُهَا جِئْتَ تَخْطُبُهَا، لَا وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَا أَنْكِحُكَهَا أَبَدًا» قَالَ: فَقَالَ مَعْقِلٌ: \" فَفِيَّ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَاضَوْا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢] \" قَالَ: \" وَعَلِمَ اللَّهُ ﵎ حَاجَتَهَا إِلَيْهِ وَحَاجَتَهُ إِلَيْهَا، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: فَقُلْتُ: سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً فَزَوَّجْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ وَكَفَّرْتُ يَمِينِي \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ\n\n١٣٥٠٤ - وَفِيهِ الدَّلَالَةُ الْوَاضِحَةُ عَلَى حَاجَتِهَا إِلَى الْوَلِيِّ الَّذِي هُوَ غَيْرُهَا فِي تَزْوِيجِهَا، وَمَنْ حَمَلَ عَضْلَ مَعْقِلٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُزَهِّدُهَا فِي الْمُرَاجَعَةِ فَمُنِعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كَانَ ظَالِمًا لِنَفْسِهِ فِي حَمْلِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ عَلَى غَيْرِ وَجْهِهِ، فَلَا عَضْلَ فِي التَّزْهِيدِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهَا التَّزْوِيجُ دُونَهُ، وَلَا فَائِدَةَ فِي يَمِينِهِ لَوْ كَانَ لَهَا التَّزْوِيجُ دُونَهُ وَلَا حَاجَةَ إِلَى الْحِنْثِ وَالتَّكْفِيرِ، وَلَهَا أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ بِهِ دُونَ تَزْوِيجِهِ ⦗٢٩⦘\n\n١٣٥٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَجَاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿","vol":"10","page":27},{"text":"١٣٥٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَلَهَا الصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا»\n\n١٣٥٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «فَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا»، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ مِنْهُمْ: «فَإِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ»\n\n١٣٥٠٨ - قُلْتُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَكُلُّهُمْ ثِقَةٌ حَافَظٌ ⦗٣٠⦘\n\n١٣٥٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: إِنَّ مَكْحُولًا يَأْتِينَا، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى لَأَحْفَظُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ،\n\n١٣٥١٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ الدَّارِمِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ: فَمَا حَالُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى فِي الزُّهْرِيِّ؟ فَقَالَ: ثِقَةٌ،\n\n١٣٥١١ - وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ يُسَوِّي الْأَخْبَارَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ يَحْكِي أَنَّ ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَأَنْكَرَهُ، ثُمَّ يَرْوِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، وَلَوْ ذَكَرَ حِكَايَةَ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ فِي هَذَا عَلَى وَجْهِهَا عَلِمَ أَصْحَابُهُ أَنْ لَا مَغْمَزَ فِي رِوَايَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ بِهَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةِ فَاخْتَصَرَهَا وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا عَلَى الْوَجْهِ، وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ ⦗٣١⦘\n\n١٣٥١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ هَارُونَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ جَعْفَرًا الطَّيَالِسِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، يُوهِنُ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جَرِيحٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ مَعْرِفَةَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، وَقَالَ: لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، غَيْرُ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَإِنَّمَا سَمِعَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، مِنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ سَمَاعًا لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ، إِنَّمَا صَحَّحَ كُتُبَهُ عَلَى كُتُبِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَضَعَّفَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ رِوَايَةَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ جِدًّا\n\n١٣٥١٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ عَبَّاسٌ الدُّورِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ، وَقَالَ يَحْيَى فِي رِوَايَةِ الدُّورِيِّ عَنْهُ: لَيْسَ يَصِحُّ فِي هَذَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى،\n\n١٣٥١٤ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مِنْدَلٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، هَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ، فَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ إِنَّمَا ضَعَّفَ رِوَايَةَ مِنْدَلٍ، وَصَحَّحَ رِوَايَةَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى،\n\n١٣٥١٥ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا رِوَايَةَ الدُّورِيِّ عَنْهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n١٣٥١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، أَنَّهُ ضَعَّفَ أَيْضًا حِكَايَةَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ هَذِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ لَهُ كُتُبٌ مُدَوَّنَةٌ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا فِي كُتُبِهِ،\n\n١٣٥١٧ - فَهَذَانِ إِمَامَانِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَهَّنَا هَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةَ وَلَمْ يُثْبِتَاهَا مَعَ مَا فِي مَذَاهِبِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْ وُجُوبِ قَبُولِ خَبَرِ الصَّادِقِ وَإِنْ نَسِيَهُ مَنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْهُ،\n\n١٣٥١٨ - وَالْمُحْتَجُّ بِحِكَايَةِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ فِي رَدِّ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةِ يَحْتَجُّ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْوَقْفِ بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ وَحْدِهِ، وَفِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ بِرِوَايَةِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ وَحْدِهِ، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ رِوَايَةِ مُوسَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ⦗٣٢⦘ وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا:،\n\n١٣٥١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ قَعْنَبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"10","page":29},{"text":"١٣٥٢٠ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ»،\n\n١٣٥٢١ - وَيَرُدُّ رِوَايَةَ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، فَيَقْبَلُ رِوَايَةَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مُنْفَرِدَةً إِذَا وَافَقَتْ مَذْهَبَهُ، وَلَا يَقْبَلُ رِوَايَتَهُمَا مُجْتَمِعَةً إِذَا خَالَفَتْ مَذْهَبَهُ، وَمَعَهُمَا رِوَايَةُ فَقِيهٍ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ الشَّامِ ثِقَةٍ يَشْهَدَ لِرِوَايَتِهِمَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ بِالصِّحَّةِ وَاللَّهُ يُوَفِّقُنَا لِمُتَابَعَةِ السُّنَّةِ وَتَرْكِ الْمَيْلِ إِلَى الْهَوَى بِفَضْلِهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ","vol":"10","page":32},{"text":"١٣٥٢٢ - وَعَلَّلَ حَدِيثَ عَائِشَةَ هَذَا بِشَيْءٍ آخَرَ وَهُوَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا زَوَّجَتْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ غَائِبٌ بِالشَّامِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: وَمِثْلِي يُصْنَعُ هَذَا بِهِ وَمِثْلِي يُفْتَاتُ عَلَيْهِ؟ فَكَلَّمَتْ عَائِشَةُ الْمُنْذِرَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ الْمُنْذِرُ: فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: «مَا كُنْتُ لِأَرُدَّ أَمْرًا قَضَيْتِيهِ»، فَقَرَّتْ حَفْصَةُ عِنْدَ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلَاقًا ⦗٣٣⦘\n\n١٣٥٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَنَحْنُ نَحْمِلُ هَذَا عَلَى أَنَّهَا مَهَّدَتْ أَسْبَابَ تَزْوِيجِهَا، ثُمَّ أَشَارَتْ عَلَى مَنْ وَلِيَ أَمَرَهَا عِنْدَ غِيبَةِ أَبِيهَا حَتَّى عَقَدَ النِّكَاحَ، وَإِنَّمَا أُضِيفَ النِّكَاحُ إِلَيْهَا لِاخْتِيَارِهَا ذَلِكَ، وَإِذْنِهَا فِيهِ وَتَمْهِيدِهَا أَسْبَابَهُ","vol":"10","page":32},{"text":"١٣٥٢٤ - وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ هَذَا التَّأْوِيلِ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تُخْطَبُ إِلَيْهَا الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا فَتَشْهَدُ، فَإِذَا بَقِيَتْ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ قَالَتْ لِبَعْضِ أَهْلِهَا:  «زَوِّجْ فَإِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَلِي عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ»\n\n١٣٥٢٥ - رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: لَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ، وَقَالَ: فَإِذَا لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا النِّكَاحُ قَالَتْ: «يَا فُلَانُ أَنْكِحْ، فَإِنَّ النِّسَاءَ لَا يَنْكِحْنَ»،\n\n١٣٥٢٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى وَقَالَتْ: «لَيْسَ إِلَى النِّسَاءِ النِّكَاحُ»،\n\n١٣٥٢٧ - فَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا مَذْهَبُهَا وَرَاوِي الْحَدِيثَيْنِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ: «زَوَّجَتْ عَائِشَةُ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا»، وَإِذَا كَانَ مَحْمُولًا عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا لَمْ يُخَالِفْ مَا رَوَتْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ بِمَا","vol":"10","page":33},{"text":"١٣٥٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ» ⦗٣٤⦘\n\n١٣٥٢٩ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ أَسْنَدَهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ: شَرِيكٌ الْقَاضِي، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، وَأَرْسَلَهُ سُفْيَانُ، وَشُعْبَةُ ⦗٣٥⦘،\n\n١٣٥٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ بْنَ مَنْصُورٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى يَقُولُ: كَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ يُثَبِّتُ حَدِيثَ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ يَعْنِي فِي النِّكَاحِ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ\n\n١٣٥٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي كِتَابِ ابْنِ عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: إِسْرَائِيلُ فِي أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ أَثْبَتُ مِنْ شُعْبَةَ وَالثَّوْرِيُّ فِي أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَقُولُ: قَالَ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ: إِسْرَائِيلُ يَحْفَظُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ كَمَا يَحْفَظُ الرَّجُلُ السُّورَةَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ،\n\n١٣٥٣٢ - وَقَالَ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ: قُلْنَا لِشُعْبَةَ: حَدِّثْنَا أَحَادِيثَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَلُوا عَنْهَا إِسْرَائِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ أَثْبَتُ فِيهَا مِنِّي،\n\n١٣٥٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَدِيثُ إِسْرَائِيلَ صَحِيحٌ فِي: لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فَقَالَ: الزِّيَادَةُ مِنَ الثِّقَةِ مَقْبُولَةٌ وَإِسْرَائِيلُ ثِقَةٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ شُعْبَةُ وَالثَّوْرِيُّ أَرْسَلَاهُ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَضِيرُ الْحَدِيثَ ⦗٣٦⦘،\n\n١٣٥٣٤ - وَهَذِهِ الْحِكَايَاتُ بِأَسَانِيدِهِنَّ مُخَرَّجَاتٌ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ وَقَدْ وَقَفْنَا عَلَى كَيْفِيَّةِ سَمَاعِ سُفْيَانَ وَشُعْبَةَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ","vol":"10","page":33},{"text":"وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبِرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَنْصُورٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا كَامِلٍ الْفَضْلَ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، لِأَبِي إِسْحَاقَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بُرْدَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: وَلَوْ قَالَ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ، لَقَالَ: نَعَمْ\n\n١٣٥٣٥ - قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ «الْعِلَلِ»: حَدِيثُ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عِنْدِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَصَحُّ، وَإِنْ كَانَ سُفْيَانُ وَشُعْبَةُ لَا يُذْكَرَانِ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ دَلَّ فِي حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ أَنَّ سَمَاعَهُمَا جَمِيعًا فِي وَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ رَوَوْا عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى سَمِعُوا فِي أَوْقَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ\n\n١٣٥٣٦ - قَالَ: وَيُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَدْ رَوَى هَذَا، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى،\n\n١٣٥٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِي عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ نَفْسِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَسَمَاعُهُ مِنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ صَحِيحٌ","vol":"10","page":36},{"text":"١٣٥٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ:  «جَمَعَتِ الطَّرِيقَ رُفْقَةً فِيهِمُ امْرَأَةٌ ثَيِّبٌ، فَوَلَّتْ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ أَمْرَهَا، فَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلًا، فَجَلَدَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ النَّاكِحَ، وَالْمُنْكِحَ، وَرَدَّ نِكَاحَهَا» ⦗٣٧⦘\n\n١٣٥٣٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فَقَالَ: عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ،\n\n١٣٥٤٠ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"10","page":36},{"text":"١٣٥٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ  «رَدَّ نِكَاحَ امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ»","vol":"10","page":37},{"text":"١٣٥٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ كَانَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ:  «لَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا، أَوْ ذِي الرَّأْيِ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، أَوِ السُّلْطَانِ»\n\n١٣٥٤٣ - وَهَذَا قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ","vol":"10","page":37},{"text":"١٣٥٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، «أَنْ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْحِقَاقَ النَّصُّ فَالْعَصَبَةُ أَحَقُّ» ⦗٣٨⦘\n\n١٣٥٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ لِأَنَّهُ يُوَافِقُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٣٥٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي هَذَا وَلَهُ شَوَاهِدُ،\n\n١٣٥٤٧ - وَلَا يَصِحُّ عَنْهُ مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو قَيْسٍ الْأَوْدِيُّ فِي إِجَازَةِ نِكَاحِ الْخَالِ، أَوِ الْأُمِّ بِالدُّخُولِ لِضَعْفِهِ وَالِاخْتِلَافِ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ","vol":"10","page":37},{"text":"١٣٥٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ مُرْشِدٍ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ»","vol":"10","page":38},{"text":"١٣٥٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «لَا تُنْكِحُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمَرْأَةَ، فَإِنَّ الْبَغِيَّ إِنَّمَا تُنْكِحُ نَفْسَهَا» هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ","vol":"10","page":38},{"text":"١٣٥٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ ⦗٣٩⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُنْكِحُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمَرْأَةَ، وَلَا تُنْكِحُ الْمَرْأَةُ نَفْسَهَا»، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: «الَّتِي تُنْكِحُ نَفْسَهَا هِيَ زَانِيَةٌ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَنْدَهْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُحَارِبِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٣٥٥١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ الْعُقَيْلِيِّ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"10","page":38},{"text":"١٣٥٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: نُكِحَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ يُقَالُ لَهَا ابْنَةُ أَبِي ثُمَامَةَ، عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُضَرِّسٍ، فَكَتَبَ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ الْعُتْوَارِيُّ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ - إِذْ هُوَ وَالٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ -: إِنِّي وَلِيُّهَا، وَإِنَّهَا نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِي،  «فَرَدَّهُ عُمَرُ وَقَدْ أَصَابَهَا»\n\n١٣٥٥٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ السَّبْعَةِ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ،\n\n١٣٥٥٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ نَصَرَ مَذْهَبَهُمْ بِتَزْوِيجِ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أُمَّهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ،\n\n١٣٥٥٥ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى سُقُوطِ احْتِجَاجِهِمْ بِهِ فِي وِلَايَةِ الِابْنِ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ عَلَى مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ الْوَلِيَّ فِي النِّكَاحِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ يَجُوزُ النِّكَاحُ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ لَأَشْبَهَ أَنْ تُوجِبَ الْعَقْدَ هِيَ وَلَا تَأْمُرُ بِهِ غَيْرَهَا، فَلَمَّا أَمَرَتْ بِهَا غَيْرَهَا بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِيَّاهَا بِذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا رُوِيَ فِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ دَلَّ أَنَّهَا لَا تَلِي عَقْدَ النِّكَاحِ ⦗٤٠⦘،\n\n١٣٥٥٦ - وَقَوْلُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ صَغِيرًا دَعْوَى، وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ صِغَرُهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ،\n\n١٣٥٥٧ - وَقَوْلُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ زَوَّجَهَا بِالْبُنُوَّةِ مُقَابَلٌ بِقَوْلِ مَنْ قَالَ: بَلْ زَوَّجَهَا بِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ بَنِي أَعْمَامِهَا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلِيُّ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ مِنْهُ إِلَيْهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ بْنِ هِلَالِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ، وَأُمُّ سَلَمَةَ هِيَ هِنْدُ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ،\n\n١٣٥٥٨ - فَتَزْوِيجُهَا كَانَ بِوَلِيٍّ مَعَ قَوْلِ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ نِكَاحَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَ لَا يَفْتَقِرُ إِلَى الْوَلِيِّ، وَفِي قِصَّةِ تَزْوِيجِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ وَنُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فِيهَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى صِحَّةٍ ذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":39},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-939>بَابُ نِكَاحِ الْآبَاءِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ</span>","vol":"10","page":41},{"text":"١٣٥٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ:  «تَزَوَّجَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنَةُ سِتٍّ - أَوْ سَبْعٍ - وَبَنَى بِي وَأَنَا ابْنَةُ تِسْعٍ»، وَكُنْتُ أَلْعَبُ بِالْبَنَاتِ وَكُنَّ جَوَارِيَ يَأْتِينَنِي، فَإِذَا رَأَيْنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْقَمِعْنَ مِنْهُ، فَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُسَرِّبُهُنَّ إِلَيَّ ⦗٤٢⦘،\n\n١٣٥٦٠ - الشَّكُّ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ وَقِيلَ: «ابْنَةُ سِتٍّ»، مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ،\n\n١٣٥٦١ - وَقَالَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ: «ابْنَةُ سَبْعٍ»\n\n١٣٥٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بَعْدَ بَيَانِ تَعَلُّقِ الْأَحْكَامِ بِالْبُلُوغِ لِمَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ: دَلَّ إِنْكَاحُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَائِشَةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ابْنَةَ سِتِ سِنِينَ وَبِنَاؤُهُ بِهَا ابْنَةُ تِسْعٍ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَبَ أَحَقُّ بِالْبِكْرِ مِنْ نَفْسِهَا، وَلَوْ كَانَتِ اذَا بَلَغَتْ بِكْرًا كَانَتْ أَحَقَّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْهُ أَشْبَهَ أَنْ لَا يَجُوزَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ بِإِذْنِهَا\n\n١٣٥٦٣ - قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: كَمَا قُلْنَا فِي الْمَوْلُودِ يُقْتَلُ أَبُوهُ، يُحْبَسُ قَاتِلُهُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْوَلَدُ فَيَعْفُو أَوْ يُصَالِحُ أَوْ يَقْتُلُ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِهِ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ لَا أَمْرَ لَهُ\n\n١٣٥٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ زَوَّجَ عَلِيٌّ عُمَرَ أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهَا، وَزَوَّجَ الزُّبَيْرُ ابْنَتَهُ صَبِيَّةً، وَتَزَوَّجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَائِشَةَ ابْنَةَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَبَنَى بِهَا وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ تِسْعٍ ⦗٤٣⦘،\n\n١٣٥٦٥ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَالْقَاسِمُ، وَسَالِمٌ يُزَوِّجُونَ الْأَبْكَارَ","vol":"10","page":41},{"text":"١٣٥٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْأَيِّمُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا، وَالْبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْذَنُ فِي نَفْسِهَا، وَإِذْنُهَا صُمَاتُهَا»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"10","page":43},{"text":"١٣٥٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى الْحِيرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «الثَّيِّبُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا، وَالْبِكْرُ يَسْتَأْذِنُهَا أَبُوهَا فِي نَفْسِهَا، وَإِذْنُهَا صُمَاتُهَا»، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: «وَصُمَاتُهَا إِقْرَارُهَا» رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ","vol":"10","page":43},{"text":"١٣٥٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُشْبِهُ فِي دَلَالَةِ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْبِكْرِ وَالثَّيِّبِ فَجَعَلَ الثَّيِّبَ أَحَقَّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا، وَجَعَلَ الْبِكْرَ تُسْتَأْذَنُ فِي نَفْسِهَا أَنَّ الْوَلِيَّ الَّذِي عَنِيَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ الْأَبَّ خَاصَّةً، فَجَعَلَ الْأَيِّمَ أَحَقَّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْهُ، فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ أَمْرَهُ أَنْ تُسْتَأْذَنَ الْبِكْرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا أَمْرُ اخْتِيَارٍ لَا فَرَضَ، لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتِ اذَا كَرِهَتْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ تَزْوِيجُهَا كَانَتْ كَالثَّيِّبِ، وَكَانَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْكَلَامُ فِيهَا أَنَّ كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا، وَإِذْنُ الثَّيِّبِ الْكَلَامُ، وَإِذْنُ الْبِكْرِ الصَّمْتُ\n\n١٣٥٦٩ - وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ غَيْرَ الْآبَاءِ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ بِكْرًا وَلَا ثَيِّبًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهَا، فَإِذَا كَانُوا لَمْ يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ الْبِكْرِ وَالثَّيِّبِ الْبَالِغِينَ - يَعْنِي فِي غَيْرِ الْأَبِ - لَمْ يَجُزْ إِلَّا مَا وَصَفْتُ\n\n١٣٥٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَمْرُهُ أَنْ يَسْتَأْمِرَ الْبِكْرَ فِي نَفْسِهَا أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى اسْتِطَابَةِ نَفْسِهَا وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامِ فِيهِ،\n\n١٣٥٧١ - وَاسْتَشْهَدَ فِي ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٥٩]،\n\n١٣٥٧٢ - وَلَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ مَعَهُ أَمْرًا، وَلَكِنْ فِي الْمُشَاوَرَةِ اسْتِطَابَةُ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَنْ يَسْتَنَّ بِهَا مَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ مَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٣٥٧٣ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَالْمُؤَامَرَةُ قَدْ تَكُونُ عَلَى اسْتِطَابَةِ النَّفْسِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُرْوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَآمِرُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي بَنَاتِهِنَّ»","vol":"10","page":44},{"text":"١٣٥٧٤ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ  «أَمَرَ نُعَيْمًا أَنْ يُؤَامِرَ أُمَّ ابْنَتِهِ فِيهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٣٥٧٥ - قَالَ: وَلَا يَخْتَلِفُ النَّاسُ أَنْ لَيْسَ لِأُمِّهَا فِيهَا أَمْرٌ، وَلَكِنْ عَلَى مَعْنَى اسْتِطَابَةِ النَّفْسِ","vol":"10","page":45},{"text":"١٣٥٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو السَّائِبِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ الرَّهَاوِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ هُوَ ابْنُ أُمَيَّةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «آمِرُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي بَنَاتِهِنَّ» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ،\n\n١٣٥٧٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"10","page":45},{"text":"١٣٥٧٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرِ الْغَنَوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ الْجَارُودِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٌ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ خَطَبَ ابْنَةَ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ النَّحَّامِ. . . فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي ذَهَابِهِ إِلَيْهِ مَعَ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: إِنَّ عِنْدِي ابْنَ أَخٍ لِي يَتِيمٌ وَلَمْ أَكُنْ لِأَنْقُضَ لُحُومَ النَّاسِ وَأَثْرِدُ لَحْمِي قَالَ: فَقَالَتْ أُمُّهَا مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ: وَاللَّهِ لَا يَكُونُ هَذَا حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ بِهِ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَحْبِسَ أَيِّمَ بَنِي عَدِيٍّ عَلَى ابْنِ أَخِيكَ سَفِيهٍ، أَوْ قَالَ: ضَعِيفٍ قَالَ: ثُمَّ ⦗٤٦⦘ خَرَجَتْ حَتَّى أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَدَعَا نُعَيْمًا، فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا قَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِنُعَيْمٍ: «صِلْ رَحِمَكَ، وَأَرْضِ ابْنَتَكَ وَأُمَّهَا، فَإِنَّ لَهُمَا فِي أَمْرِهِمَا نَصِيبًا»،\n\n١٣٥٧٩ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مَوْصُولٌ","vol":"10","page":45},{"text":"١٣٥٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَمُجَمِّعٍ، ابْنَيْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ، عَنْ خَنْسَاءَ بِنْتِ خِذَامٍ: «أَنَّ أَبَاهَا زَوَّجَهَا وَهَى ثَيِّبٌ وَهِيَ كَارِهَةٌ فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَرَدَّ نِكَاحَهَا» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَلَهُ شَوَاهِدُ تَشْهَدُ لَهُ بِالصِّحَّةِ،\n\n١٣٥٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَأَيُّ وَلِيِّ امْرَأَةٍ ثَيِّبٍ أَوْ بِكْرٍ زَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهَا، فَالنِّكَاحُ بَاطِلٌ، إِلَّا الْآبَاءُ فِي الْأَبْكَارِ وَالسَّادَةُ فِي الْمَمَالِيكِ؛\n\n١٣٥٨٢ - لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَدَّ نِكَاحَ خَنْسَاءَ بِنْتِ خِذَامٍ حِينَ زَوَّجَهَا أَبُوهَا كَارِهَةً، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَشَائِي أَنْ تَبَرِّي أَبَاكِ فَتُجِيزِي إِنْكَاحَهُ لَوْ كَانَتْ إِجَازَتُهُ إِنْكَاحِهَا تُجِيزُهُ أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهَا أَنْ تُجِيزَ إِنْكَاحَ أَبِيهَا","vol":"10","page":46},{"text":"١٣٥٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ جَارِيَةً بِكْرًا أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَتْ لَهُ أَنَّ أَبَاهَا زَوَّجَهَا وَهِيَ كَارِهَةٌ فَخَيَّرَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ»\n\n١٣٥٨٤ - وَهَذَا خَطَأٌ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا\n\n١٣٥٨٥ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ النَّاسُ مُرْسَلًا مَعْرُوفًا\n\n١٣٥٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الذِّمَارِيُّ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا خَطَأٌ\n\n١٣٥٨٧ - قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْهُ: هَذَا وَهْمٌ، وَالصَّوَابُ عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَهِمَ فِيهِ الذِّمَارِيُّ عَلَى الثَّوْرِيِّ وَلَيْسَ بِقَوِيٍّ\n\n١٣٥٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فِي «الْجَامِعِ» مُرْسَلًا، وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ،\n\n١٣٥٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ، وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ","vol":"10","page":47},{"text":"١٣٥٩٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَتْ فَتَاةٌ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أَبِي زَوَّجَنِي ابْنَ أَخِيهِ لِيَرْفَعَ بِي خَسِيسَتَهُ، وَإِنِّي كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ، فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَجَعَلَ أَمْرَهَا إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي أَجَزْتُ مَا صَنَعَ وَالِدِي، إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَعْلَمَ هَلْ لِلنِّسَاءِ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ أَمْ لَا؟\n\n١٣٥٩١ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، ابْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْهُ","vol":"10","page":48},{"text":"١٣٥٩٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي قِمَاشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ظُفُرٍ عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ مُطَهَّرٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ كَهْمَسِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً جَاءَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أَبِي زَوَّجَنِي مِنَ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ خَسِيسَتَهُ، فَهَلْ لِي فِي نَفْسِي؟ - يَعْنِي أَمْرًا - قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَتْ: إِذًا لَا أَرُدُّ عَلَى أَبِي شَيْئًا فَعَلَهُ، وَلَكِنْ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ النِّسَاءُ أَنَّ لَهُنَّ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَمْرًا\n\n١٣٥٩٣ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي مُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ،\n\n١٣٥٩٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ تَمْتَامٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ فِيهِ،\n\n١٣٥٩٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ،\n\n١٣٥٩٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ غُرَابٍ، عَنْ كَهْمَسِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، وَعَوْنُ بْنُ كَهْمَسٍ، عَنْ كَهْمَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَتْ فَتَاةٌ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ ⦗٤٩⦘،\n\n١٣٥٩٧ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ كَهْمَسٍ،\n\n١٣٥٩٨ - وَفِي إِجْمَاعِ هَؤُلَاءِ عَلَى إِرْسَالِ الْحَدِيثِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى خَطَأِ رِوَايَةِ مَنْ وَصَلَهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٣٥٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ ذِكْرُ التَّثْيِيبِ وَالْبِكَارَةِ، وَفِيهَا أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ بِهَا خَسِيسَتَهُ فَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ تَزْوِيجُ غِبْطَةٍ، فَخَيَّرَهَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":48},{"text":"١٣٦٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَيَجُوزُ نِكَاحُ الرَّجُلِ ابْنَتَهُ بِكْرًا وَهِيَ كَارِهَةٌ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، قُلْتُ فَثَيِّبٌ كَارِهَةٌ؟ قَالَ: «لَا، قَدْ مَلَكَتِ الثَّيِّبُ أَمَرَهَا»\n\n١٣٦٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمِثْلُ هَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ فُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ\n\n١٣٦٠٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْبِكْرُ يُخَيِّرُهَا أَبُوهَا\n\n١٣٦٠٣ - وَعَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: لَا يُخَيَّرُ إِلَّا الْوَالِدُ","vol":"10","page":49},{"text":"١٣٦٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تُنْكَحُ الثَّيِّبُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ وَلَا الْبِكْرُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْذَنَ»، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ إِذْنُهَا؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ رِضَاهَا» ⦗٥٠⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهِ آخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ،\n\n١٣٦٠٥ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْبِكْرِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ فِيهِ الْيَتِيمَةَ الَّتِي لَا أَبَ لَهَا","vol":"10","page":49},{"text":"١٣٦٠٦ - فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا، فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِذْنُهَا، وَإِنْ أَبَتْ فَلَا جَوَازَ عَلَيْهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٣٦٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: نَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو إِذَا اخْتَلَفَا فَالْحُكْمُ لِرِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ لِمَعْرِفَتِهِ وَحَفِظِهِ،\n\n١٣٦٠٨ - إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ اخْتِلَافًا، فَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ أَدَّى مَا سَمِعَ فِي الْبِكْرِ وَالثَّيِّبِ جَمِيعًا، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَدَّى مَا سَمِعَ فِي الْبِكْرِ وَحْدِهَا، وَحَفِظَ زِيَادَةَ صِفَةٍ فِي الْبِكْرِ لَمْ يَرْوِهَا يَحْيَى، وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى مَا يَدْفَعُهَا،\n\n١٣٦٠٩ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يَبْلُغُ دَرَجَةَ يَحْيَى فَقَدْ قَبِلَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ حَدِيثَهُ فِيمَا لَا يُخَالِفُ فِيهِ أَهْلَ الْحِفْظِ كَيْفَ وَقَدْ وَافَقَهُ غَيْرُهُ فِي هَذَا اللَّفْظِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"10","page":50},{"text":"١٣٦١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُؤَذِّنُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ⦗٥١⦘ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ خَنْبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوْحٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ الْفَزَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بُرْدَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُوسَى يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تُسْتَأْمَرُ الْيَتِيمَةُ فِي نَفْسِهَا، فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَقَدْ أَذِنَتْ، وَإِنْ كَرِهَتْ لَمْ تُكْرَهْ»\n\n١٣٦١١ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مَوْصُولٌ، رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةَ عَنْ يُونُسَ","vol":"10","page":50},{"text":"١٣٦١٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ لِلْوَلِيِّ مَعَ الثَّيِّبِ أَمَرٌ، وَالْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ، وَصَمْتُهَا إِقْرَارُهَا»،\n\n١٣٦١٣ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ","vol":"10","page":51},{"text":"١٣٦١٤ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْأَيِّمُ أَوْلَى بِأَمْرِهَا، وَالْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا، وَإِذْنُهَا صُمَاتُهَا»\n\n١٣٦١٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْقُدَمَاءِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ: «وَالْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ»","vol":"10","page":51},{"text":"١٣٦١٦ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ يُنْكِحُهَا أَهْلُهَا، أَتُسْتَأْمَرُ أَمْ لَا؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ تُسْتَأْمَرُ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَإِنَّهَا تَسْتَحِي فَتَسْكُتُ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ذَاكَ إِذْنُهَا إِذَا سَكَتَتْ» ⦗٥٢⦘\n\n١٣٦١٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: «تُسْتَأْمَرُ الْيَتِيمَةُ»\n\n١٣٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، ﵀: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «وَالْبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ»، إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ الْبِكْرَ الْيَتِيمَةَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، لِأَنَّا قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي رِوَايَةِ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُ مِمَّنْ رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ\n\n١٣٦١٩ - قَالَ: «الْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ» وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، يَعْنِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: وَالْبِكْرُ يَسْتَأْمِرُهَا أَبُوهَا، فَإِنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا وَافَقَ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ عَلَى هَذَا اللَّفْظِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ فَسَبَقَ إِلَيْهِ لِسَانُهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٣٦٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَا قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ: أَبُوهَا لَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ دَاسَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُد عُقَيْبَ، حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ\n\n١٣٦٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَعَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي اسْتِئْمَارِ الْبِكْرِ وَرَدَ فِي الْوَلِيِّ غَيْرِ الْأَبِّ،\n\n١٣٦٢٢ - وَقَوْلُهُ: «الثَّيِّبُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا»، فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الثَّيِّبَ لَا تُجْبَرُ عَلَى النِّكَاحِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ جَعَلَ تَثْيِيبَهَا عِلَّةً فِي ذَلِكَ كَقَوْلِهِ: «الثَّيِّبُ بِالثَّيِّبِ جَلْدُ مِائَةٍ وَرَجْمٌ بِالْحِجَارَةِ»، يَعْنِي تَثْيِيبَهَا، «وَالْبِكْرُ بِالْبِكْرِ جَلْدُ مِائَةٍ وَتَغْرِيبُ عَامٍ»، يَعْنِي لِبِكَارَتِهَا،\n\n١٣٦٢٣ - كَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: «الثَّيِّبُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا»، أَيْ: تَثْيِيبُهَا، فَيَدُّلُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّتِي تُخَالِفُهَا وَهِيَ الْبِكْرُ تُجْبَرُعَلَى النِّكَاحِ ⦗٥٣⦘،\n\n١٣٦٢٤ - وَقَدْ دَلَّ قَوْلُهُ فِي الْبِكْرِ: «الْيَتِيمَةِ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا»، أَنَّ الَّتِي لَا أَبَّ لَهَا لَا تُجْبَرُ عَلَى النِّكَاحِ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْبِكْرَ الَّتِي تُجْبَرُ عَلَى النِّكَاحِ هِيَ الَّتِي لَهَا أَبٌ،\n\n١٣٦٢٥ - وَتَرْكُ هَذَا الْأَصْلِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ لِدَلِيلٍ أَقْوَى مِنْهُ مَنَعَ مِنِ اسْتِعْمَالِهِ لَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَرْكِهِ فِي سَائِرِ الْمَوَاضِعِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":51},{"text":"١٣٦٢٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا فِي هَذَا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ صَاعِدٍ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ، حَدَّثَكُمْ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ مَوْلَى آلِ حَاطِبٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَةً لَهُ مِنْ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَأَوْصَى إِلَى أَخِيهِ قُدَامَةَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ وَهُمَا خَالَايَ، فَخَطَبْتُ إِلَى قُدَامَةَ ابْنَةَ عُثْمَانَ، فَزَوَّجَنِيهَا، فَدَخَلَ الْمُغِيرَةُ إِلَى أُمِّهَا فَأَرْغَبَهَا فِي الْمَالِ، فَحَطَّتِ إِلَيْهِ وَحَطَّتِ الْجَارِيَةُ إِلَى هَوَى أُمِّهَا حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَ أَمْرُهُمْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ قُدَامَةُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ابْنَةُ أَخِي وَأَوْصَى بِهَا إِلَيَّ فَزَوَّجْتُهَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ أُقَصِّرْ بِالصَّلَاحِ وَالْكَفَاءَةِ، وَلَكِنَّهَا امْرَأَةٌ، وَإِنَّهَا حَطَّتِ الَى هَوَى أُمِّهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هِيَ يَتِيمَةٌ وَلَا تُنْكَحُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهَا»، فَانْتُزِعَتْ مِنِّي وَاللَّهِ بَعْدَهَا مَا مَلَكْتُهَا فَزَوَّجُوهَا الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ\n\n١٣٦٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَجَعَلَ الْعِلَّةَ فِي امْتِنَاعِ الْإِجْبَارِ كَوْنُهَا يَتِيمَةً دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّتِي لَيْسَتْ بِيَتِيمَةً بِخِلَافِهَا فِيمَا لَمْ يَرِدِ الْخَبَرُ بِكَوْنِهَا أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":53},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-940>النِّكَاحُ بِالشُّهُوَدِ</span>","vol":"10","page":54},{"text":"١٣٦٢٨ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: رُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ»\n\n١٣٦٢٩ - قَالَ: وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مُنْقَطِعًا دُونَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَإِنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ بِهِ وَنَقُولُ: الْفَرَقُ بَيْنَ النِّكَاحِ وَالسِّفَاحِ: الشُّهُودُ،\n\n١٣٦٣٠ - وَهُوَ ثَابِتٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٥٥⦘،\n\n١٣٦٣١ - أَمَا حَدِيثُ الْحَسَنِ فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِنَحْوِهِ،\n\n١٣٦٣٢ - وَرُوِي أَيْضًا عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، مُرْسَلًا قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"10","page":54},{"text":"١٣٦٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَنْبَسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَرَّرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيِّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ»،\n\n١٣٦٣٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَرَّرٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَرَّرٍ، مَتْرُوكٌ لَا تَقُومُ الْحُجَّةُ بِرِوَايَتِهِ، وَرُوِي مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَوْصُولًا أَصَحُّ مِنْهُ","vol":"10","page":55},{"text":"١٣٦٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الرَّقِّيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٥٦⦘: «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ، فَإِنْ تَشَاجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ»\n\n١٣٦٣٦ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: تَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، مِثْلَهُ\n\n١٣٦٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ الرَّقِّيُّ، عَنْ عِيسَى","vol":"10","page":55},{"text":"١٣٦٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ وَوَلِيٍّ مُرْشِدٍ»\n\n١٣٦٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحْسِبُ مُسْلِمًا سَمِعَهُ، مِنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ","vol":"10","page":56},{"text":"١٣٦٤٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁، أُتِيَ بِنِكَاحٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَ: «هَذَا نِكَاحُ السِّرِّ وَلَا أُجِيزُهُ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ فِيهِ لَرَجَمْتُ» ⦗٥٧⦘\n\n١٣٦٤١ - هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"10","page":56},{"text":"١٣٦٤٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَامِدِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٣٦٤٣ - وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ رَاوِيَةُ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ شَأْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَمْرِهِ،\n\n١٣٦٤٤ - وَالَّذِي رَوَى حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ النِّسَاءِ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ فِي النِّكَاحِ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ","vol":"10","page":57},{"text":"١٣٦٤٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ:  «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"10","page":57},{"text":"١٣٦٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: رَجُلٌ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةً بِغَيْرِ شُهَدَاءَ فَبَنَى بِهَا قَالَ: «أَدْنَى مَا يَصْنَعُ بِهِ أَنْ يُجْلَدَ الْحَدَّ الْأَدْنَى، ثُمَّ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَتَعْتَدُّ، ثُمَّ مَا أَدْرِي لَعَلِّي لَا أَدَعُهُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا أَبَدًا» ⦗٥٨⦘\n\n١٣٦٤٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِشَاهِدَيْنِ، وَبِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَجَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، وَقَتَادَةُ","vol":"10","page":57},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-941>بَابُ إِنْكَاحِ الْعَبِيدِ وَنِكَاحِهِمْ</span>","vol":"10","page":59},{"text":"١٣٦٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ﴾ [النور: ٣٢]\n\n١٣٦٤٩ - قَالَ: فَدَلَّتْ أَحْكَامُ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّ «لَا مِلْكَ لِلْأَوْلِيَاءِ عَلَى أَيَامَاهُمْ، وَأَيَامَاهُمُ الثُّيَّابُ»\n\n١٣٦٥٠ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢]،\n\n١٣٦٥١ - وَقَالَ فِي الْمُعْتَدَّاتِ: ﴿فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٤]،\n\n١٣٦٥٢ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْأَيِّمُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا، وَالْبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا»، مَعَ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٣٦٥٣ - وَدَلَّ الْكِتَابُ وَالسُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَمَالِيكَ لِمَنْ مَلَكَهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ شَيْئًا،\n\n١٣٦٥٤ - وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ دَلِيلًا عَلَى إِيجَابِ إِنْكَاحِ صَالِحِي الْعَبِيدِ وَالْإِمَاءِ كَمَا وَجَدْتُ الدَّلَالَةَ عَلَى إِنْكَاحِ الْحُرِّ إِلَّا مُطَلِّقًا، فَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُنْكَحَ مِنَ الْعَبِيدِ وَالْإِمَاءِ صَالِحُوهُمْ خَاصَّةً ⦗٦٠⦘،\n\n١٣٦٥٥ - وَلَا يَتَبَيَّنُ لِي أَنْ يُجْبَرَ أَحَدٌ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّ الْآيَةَ مُحْتَمَلَةٌ أَنْ يَكُونَ أُرِيدَ بِهِ الدَّلَالَةُ لَا الْإِيجَابُ\n\n١٣٦٥٦ - قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ لَقِيتُهُ وَلَا حُكِيَ لِي عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ اخْتِلَافًا فِي أَنْ لَا يَجُوزَ نِكَاحُ الْعَبْدِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ مَالِكِهِ","vol":"10","page":59},{"text":"١٣٦٥٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا نَكَحَ الْعَبْدُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ»\n\n١٣٦٥٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَيُّمَا مَمْلُوكٌ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ فَهُوَ عَاهِرٌ»\n\n١٣٦٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ عَبْدَهُ أَمَتَهُ بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ","vol":"10","page":60},{"text":"١٣٦٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ فَأَدَّبَهَا، فَأَحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهَا، وَعَلَّمَهَا فَأَحْسَنَ تَعْلِيمَهَا، ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ» ⦗٦١⦘\n\n١٣٦٦١ - وَفِي وَرَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «إِذَا أَعْتَقَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَتَهُ ثُمَّ أَمْهَرَهَا مَهْرًا جَدِيدًا كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرَانِ» وَهَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٣٦٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِهَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَقَدْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ","vol":"10","page":60},{"text":"١٣٦٦٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْتَقَ صَفِيَّةَ وَجَعَلَ عِتْقَهَا صَدَاقَهَا»","vol":"10","page":61},{"text":"١٣٦٦٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ:  «سَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفِيَّةَ فَأَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا»، فَقَالَ ثَابِتٌ لِأَنَسٍ: مَا أَصْدَقَهَا؟ قَالَ: أَصْدَقَهَا نَفْسَهَا، أَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ صُهَيْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ،\n\n١٣٦٦٥ - وَمَنْ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَعْتَقَهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَنْكِحَهُ وَصَدَاقُهَا عِتْقُهَا فَنَكَحَتْهُ وَرَضِيَ بِقِيمَتِهَا أَنْ يَكُونَ صَدَاقًا، وَرَضِيَتْ -\n\n١٣٦٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَا بَأْسَ\n\n١٣٦٦٧ - قَالَ: وَإِنْ تَرَاضَيَا عَلَى شَيْءٍ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَيُحَاصُّهَا بِالَّذِي وَجَبَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ قِيمَتِهَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ حِينَ أَعْتَقَهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَنْكِحَهُ وَلَهَا الْخِيَارُ فِي أَنْ تَنْكِحَهُ أَوْ تَدَعَ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا قِيمَتَهَا\n\n١٣٦٦٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ عِتْقَ الْمَرْأَةِ مَهْرَهَا حَتَّى يَفْرِضَ لَهَا صَدَاقًا\n\n١٣٦٦٩ - وَلَيْسَ بِابْنِ عُمَرَ وَلَا بِنَا كَرَاهِيَةُ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ تَخْصِيصُهُ بِهِ،\n\n١٣٦٧٠ - وَكَأَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ مِنْ تَرْغِيبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي إِعْتَاقِهَا وَالتَّزْوِيجِ بِهَا وَإِمْهَارِهَا مَهْرًا جَدِيدًا ⦗٦٣⦘،\n\n١٣٦٧١ - فَرَغَّبَ فِيمَا نَدَبَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمَّتَهُ دُونَ مَا يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَخْصُوصًا بِهِ كَمَا كَانَ مَخْصُوصًا بِنِكَاحِ الْمَوْهُوبَةِ، وَهَذِهِ فِي مَعْنَى الْمَوْهُوبَةِ إِنْ كَانَ أَعْتَقَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَرْطٍ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا صَدَاقًا،\n\n١٣٦٧٢ - وَعَلَى هَذَا يَدُلُّ قَوْلُ أَنَسٍ فِي جَوَابِهِ لِثَابِتٍ: أَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَيَكُونُ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: وَجَعَلَ عِتْقَهَا صَدَاقَهَا أَيْ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهَا شَيْئًا آخَرَ سِوَى أَنَّهُ أَعْتَقَهَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَعْتَقَهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَنْكِحَهُ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الْأَظْهَرُ،\n\n١٣٦٧٣ - وَإِنْ كَانَ أَعْتَقَهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ بِهِ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: «أَصْدَقَهَا نَفْسَهَا»، أَيْ بَدَلَ نَفْسِهَا وَهُوَ مَا أَلْزَمَهَا مِنْ قِيمَةِ نَفْسِهَا بِإِعْتَاقِهِ إِيَّاهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَنْكِحَهُ،\n\n١٣٦٧٤ - وَالْأَوَّلُ أَظْهَرُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٣٦٧٥ - ثُمَّ قَدْ رُوِيَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَخْبَارِ أَنَّهُ أَمْهَرَهَا جَارِيَةً وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا","vol":"10","page":62},{"text":"١٣٦٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنَا عَلِيلَةُ بِنْتُ الْكُمَيْتِ الْعَتَكِيَّةُ، عَنْ أُمِّهَا أَمِينَةَ، عَنْ أَمَةِ اللَّهِ بِنْتِ رُزَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهَا فِي قِصَّةِ صَفِيَّةَ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْتَقَهَا وَخَطَبَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَأَمْهَرَهَا رُزَيْنَةَ»","vol":"10","page":63},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-942>بَابُ اعْتِبَارِ الْكَفَاءَةِ</span>","vol":"10","page":64},{"text":"١٣٦٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: أَصْلُ الْكَفَاءَةِ مُسْتَنْبَطٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ زَوْجُهَا غَيْرَ كُفْءٍ لَهَا، فَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"10","page":64},{"text":"١٣٦٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ:  «لَأَمْنَعَنَّ ذَوَاتِ الْأَحْسَابِ فُرُوجَهُنَّ إِلَّا مِنَ الْأَكْفَاءِ»","vol":"10","page":64},{"text":"١٣٦٧٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَرْفُوعًا: «الْعَرَبُ بَعْضُهَا أَكْفَاءٌ لِبَعْضٍ، قَبِيلَةٌ بِقَبِيلَةٍ، وَرَجُلُ بِرَجُلٍ، وَالْمَوَالِي أَكْفَاءٌ لِبَعْضٍ قَبِيلَةٌ بِقَبِيلَةٍ، وَرَجُلٌ بِرَجُلٍ إِلَّا حَائِكًا أَوْ حَجَّامًا»\n\n١٣٦٨٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ مَرْفُوعًا ⦗٦٥⦘،\n\n١٣٦٨١ - وَكِلَاهُمَا ضَعِيفٌ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَمْثَلُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":64},{"text":"١٣٦٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ نِكَاحُ غَيْرِ الْكُفْءِ مُحَرَّمًا فَأَرُدُّهُ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ نَقْصٌ عَلَى الْمُزَوَّجَةِ وَالْوُلَاةِ، فَإِذَا رَضِيَتِ الْمُزَوَّجَةُ وَمَنْ لَهُ الْأَمْرُ مَعَهَا بِالنَّقْصِ لَمْ أَرُدَّهُ","vol":"10","page":65},{"text":"١٣٦٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ، أَنْكِحُوا أَبَا هِنْدٍ وَأَنْكِحُوا إِلَيْهِ»\n\n١٣٦٨٤ - وَكَانَ حَجَّامًا،\n\n١٣٦٨٥ - وَزَعَمَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تُزَوِّجُ بَنَاتِنَا ⦗٦٦⦘ مَوَالِينَا؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا إِنْ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ﴾ [الحجرات: ١٣]،\n\n١٣٦٨٦ - وَخَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ قَيْسٍ وَكَانَتْ قُرَشِيَّةً مِنْ بَنِي فِهْرٍ عَلَى أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الْمَوَالِي،\n\n١٣٦٨٧ - وَزُوِّجَتْ ضُبَاعَةُ بِنْتُ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ مِنَ الْمِقْدَادِ،\n\n١٣٦٨٨ - وَزُوِّجَتْ أُخْتُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ مِنْ بِلَالٍ،\n\n١٣٦٨٩ - وَزَوَّجَ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ ابْنَةَ أَخِيهِ مِنْ سَالِمٍ مَوْلَاهُ","vol":"10","page":65},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-943>الْوِكَالَةُ فِي النِّكَاحِ</span>","vol":"10","page":67},{"text":"١٣٦٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَنْكَحَ الْوَلِيَّانِ فَالْأَوَّلُ أَحَقُّ»\n\n١٣٦٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْوِكَالَةَ فِي النِّكَاحِ جَائِزَةٌ مَعَ تَوْكِيلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ، فَزَوَّجَهُ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ\n\n١٣٦٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ حَكَاهُ","vol":"10","page":67},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-944>بَابُ الْكَافِرِ لَا يَكُونُ وَلِيًّا لِمُسْلِمَةٍ بِالْقَرَابَةِ</span>","vol":"10","page":68},{"text":"١٣٦٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَكُونُ الْكَافِرُ وَلِيًّا لِمُسْلِمَةٍ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَهُ، قَدْ زَوَّجَ ابْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْعَاصِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ حَيٌّ، لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ مُسْلِمَةٌ وَابْنُ سَعِيدٍ مُسْلِمًا لَا أَعْلَمُ مُسْلِمًا أَقْرَبَ بِهَا مِنْهُ\n\n١٣٦٩٤ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِيهَا وِلَايَةٌ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ قَطَعَ الْوَلَايَةَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ وَالْمَوَارِيثَ وَالْعَقْلَ وَغَيْرَ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٣٦٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ صَاحِبُ الْمَغَازِي: إِنَّ الَّذِي وَلِيَ نِكَاحَهَا ابْنُ عَمِّهَا خَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ابْنِ عَمِّ أَبِيهَا، فَإِنَّهَا أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَالْعَاصُ هُوَ ابْنُ أُمَيَّةَ،\n\n١٣٦٩٦ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ هُوَ الَّذِي وَلِيَ نِكَاحَهَا ⦗٦٩⦘ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ،\n\n١٣٦٩٧ - وَعَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَعُثْمَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ عَفَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ابْنِ ابْنِ عَمِّ أَبِيهَا","vol":"10","page":68},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-945>بَابُ إِنْكَاحِ الْوَلِيَّيْنِ</span>","vol":"10","page":70},{"text":"١٣٦٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا أَنْكَحَ الْوَلِيَّانِ فَالْأَوَّلُ أَحَقُّ»\n\n١٣٦٩٩ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ تَحْرِيمِ الْجَمْعِ وَفِي الْإِمْلَاءِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: «وَإِذَا بَاعَ الْمُجِيزَانِ، فَالْأَوَّلُ أَحَقُّ»،\n\n١٣٧٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ أَحْكَامِ الْقُرْآنِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ بِتَمَامِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ فَذَكَرَاهُ هَكَذَا،\n\n١٣٧٠١ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ يَشُكُّ فِيهِ فَتَارَةٌ يَرْوِيهُ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، وَتَارَةٌ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، وَتَارَةٌ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا بِالشَّكِّ، وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ هَمَّامٍ، وَهِشَامٍ، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٣٧٠٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَشْعَثُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ","vol":"10","page":70},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-946>بَابٌ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ</span>","vol":"10","page":71},{"text":"١٣٧٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ فِيمَا أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٧]، الْآيَةَ، قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ أَثْبَتُ شَيْءٍ فِيهِ\n\n١٣٧٠٤ - قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ لِي فِي قَوْلِهَا حَدِيثَ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِيمَا","vol":"10","page":71},{"text":"١٣٧٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: يَا أُمَّتَاهُ، أَرَأَيْتِ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا ⦗٧٢⦘ مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [النساء: ٣] الْآيَةَ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي، هَذِهِ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا فَيَرْغَبُ فِي جَمَالِهَا وَمَالِهَا وَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْتَقِصَ صَدَاقَهَا، فَنُهُوَا عَنْ نِكَاحِهِنَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ فِي إِكْمَالِ الصَّدَاقِ، وَأُمِرُوا بِنِكَاحِ مَنْ سِوَاهُنَّ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: \" وَاسْتَفْتَى النَّاسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٧] \"، إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٧] \"، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، أَنَّ الْيَتِيمَةَ إِذَا كَانَتْ ذَاتَ جَمَالٍ وَمَالٍ رَغِبُوا فِي نِكَاحِهَا وَنَسَبِهَا فِي إِكْمَالِ الصَّدَاقِ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ مَرْغُوبَةً عَنْهَا فِي قِلَّةِ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ تَرَكُوهَا وَأَخَذُوا غَيْرَهَا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ، قَالتَ: فَكَمَا يَتْرُكُونَهَا حِينَ يَرْغَبُونَ عَنْهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهَا إِذَا رَغِبُوا فِيهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهَا وَيُعْطُوهَا حَقَّهَا الْأَوْفَى فِي الصَّدَاقِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٣٧٠٦ - وَقَالَ رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى﴾ [النساء: ٣] قَالَ: يَقُولُ: اتْرُكُوهُنَّ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَقَدْ أَحْلَلْتُ لَكُمْ أَرْبَعًا\n\n١٣٧٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَلَا يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ تَزْوِيجُ نَفْسِهِ امْرَأَةً هُوَ وَلِيِّهَا، وَإِنْ ⦗٧٣⦘ أَذِنَتْ لَهُ فِي نَفْسِهَا، كَمَا لَا يَشْتَرِي مِنْ نَفْسِهِ شَيْئًا هُوَ وَلِيُّ بَيْعِهِ، وَلَكِنْ يُزَوِّجُهُ إِيَّاهَا السُّلْطَانُ أَوْ وَلِيُّ مِثْلُهُ فِي الْوَلَايَةِ","vol":"10","page":71},{"text":"١٣٧٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مِينَاءَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" أَدْنَى مَا يَكُونُ فِي النِّكَاحِ أَرْبَعَةٌ: الَّذِي يُزَوِّجُ، وَالَّذِي يَتَزَوَّجُ، وَشَاهِدَانِ \"","vol":"10","page":73},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-947>الْكَلَامُ الَّذِي يَنْعَقِدُ بِهِ النِّكَاحُ</span>","vol":"10","page":74},{"text":"١٣٧٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧] وَقَالَ: ﴿إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٩]، وَذَكَرَ سَائِرَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي التَّزْوِيجِ أَوِ الْإِنْكَاحِ،\n\n١٣٧١٠ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَسَمَّى اللَّهُ النِّكَاحَ اسْمَيْنِ: النِّكَاحُ وَالتَّزْوِيجِ، وَقَالَ: ﴿امْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠] إِلَى: ﴿خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠]،\n\n١٣٧١١ - فَأَبَانَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنَّ الْهِبَةَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَالْهِبَةُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ تَجْمَعُ أَنْ يَنْعَقِدَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ بِأَنْ تَهَبَ نَفْسَهَا لَهُ بِلَا مَهْرٍ، وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَجُوزَ نِكَاحٌ إِلَّا بِاسْمِ النِّكَاحِ أَوِ التَّزْوِيجِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ هَذَا","vol":"10","page":74},{"text":"١٣٧١٢ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي خُطْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْحَجِّ:  «اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِي النِّسَاءِ فَإِنَّكُمْ أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللَّهِ وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللَّهِ»،\n\n١٣٧١٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمَوْهُوبَةِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ - أَنْكَحْتُكَهَا عَلَى مَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ»،\n\n١٣٧١٤ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ: «مَلَكْتَهَا»، وَرُوِيَ: «مُلِّكْتَهَا» وَرُوِيَ: «مَلَّكْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَزَوَّجْتُكَهَا أَكْثَرُ»","vol":"10","page":74},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-948>تَزْوِيجُ مَنْ لَمْ يُولَدْ</span>","vol":"10","page":75},{"text":"١٣٧١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَيَّارٍ أَبِي الْحَكَمِ، وَأَبِي حَنَانٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، \" أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: مَنْ يَذْبَحُ لِلْقَوْمِ شَاةً وَأُزَوِّجُهُ أَوَّلَ بِنْتٍ تُولَدُ لِي؟ فَذَبَحَ لَهُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ، فَأَجَازَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ النِّكَاحَ \"\n\n١٣٧١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلِمْتُهُ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا يَجْعَلُونَ لِلْذَابِحِ أَجْرَ مِثْلِهِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ هَذَا نِكَاحًا\n\n١٣٧١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"10","page":75},{"text":"١٣٧١٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ كَرْدَمٍ: أَنَّ أَبَاهَا ذَكَرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ طَارِقَ ابْنَ الْمُرَقَّعِ قَالَ: مَنْ يُعْطِينِي رُمْحًا بِثَوَابِهِ، وَثَوَابُهُ أَنْ أُزَوِّجَهُ أَوَّلَ بِنْتٍ تَكُونُ لِي؟ فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ رُمْحِي، ثُمَّ وُلِدَتْ لَهُ ابْنَةٌ، وَبَلَغَتْ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أُجَهِّزُهَا حَتَّى تُحْدِثَ صَدَاقًا غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، فَحَلَفْتُ أَنْ لَا أَفْعَلَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «دَعْهَا لَا خَيْرَ لَكَ فِيهَا» قَالَ: فَرَاعَنِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا تَأْثَمُ وَلَا يَأْثَمُ»","vol":"10","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-949>خُطْبَةُ النِّكَاحِ</span>","vol":"10","page":76},{"text":"١٣٧١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُقَدِّمَ الْمَرْءُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ خُطْبَتِهِ وَكُلُّ أَمَرٍ طَلَبَهُ سِوَى ⦗٧٧⦘ الْخُطْبَةِ حَمْدُ اللَّهِ وَالثَّنَاءُ عَلَيْهِ وَالصَّلَاةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْوَصِيَّةُ بِتَوَقِّي اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ يَخْطُبُ، وَأَحَبُّ إِلَى الْوَلِيِّ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُزَوِّجُ وَيَزِيدُ: أَنْكَحْتُكَ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ إِمْسَاكٍ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٍ بِإِحْسَانٍ","vol":"10","page":76},{"text":"١٣٧٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ إِذَا أَنْكَحَ قَالَ:  «أُنْكِحُكَ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَلَى إِمْسَاكٍ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٍ بِإِحْسَانٍ»\n\n١٣٧٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى عَقْدِ النِّكَاحِ جَازَ النِّكَاحُ","vol":"10","page":77},{"text":"١٣٧٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَدَلُ بْنُ الْمُحَبَّرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، ابْنِ أَخِي شُعَيْبٍ الرَّازِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: خَطَبْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أُمَامَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ،  «فَأَنْكَحَنِي مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَتَشَهَّدَ»","vol":"10","page":77},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-950>عَدَدُ مَا يَحِلُّ مِنَ الْحَرَائِرِ وَالْإِمَاءِ</span>","vol":"10","page":78},{"text":"١٣٧٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتِ أَيْمَانُهُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠]، وَقَالَ: ﴿فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتِ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٣]\n\n١٣٧٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَطْلَقَ اللَّهُ مَا مَلَكَتِ الْأَيْمَانُ فَلَمْ يَحِدَّ فِيهِنَّ حَدًّا يُنْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ، وَانْتَهَى مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ بِالنِّكَاحِ إِلَى أَرْبَعٍ،\n\n١٣٧٢٥ - وَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمُبَيَّنَةُ عَنِ اللَّهِ عَلَى أَنَّ انْتِهَاءَهُ إِلَى أَرْبَعٍ تَحْرِيمًا مِنْهُ لِأَنْ يَجْمَعَ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ، فَقَالَ لِغَيْلَانَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، وَنَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، وَأَسْلَمُوا وَعِنْدَهُمْ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ: «أَمْسِكْ أَرْبَعًا وَفَارِقْ سَائِرَهُنَّ»","vol":"10","page":78},{"text":"١٣٧٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو تُرَابٍ الْمُذَكِّرُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: وَقَفَتْ مَوْلَاةٌ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ تَصُبُّ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءَ فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي لَأَشْتَاقُ إِلَى النِّكَاحِ»، فَقَالَتْ: تَزَوَّجْ فَمَا أَحَدٌ أَقْدَرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنْكَ قَالَ: «فَكَيْفَ بِأَرْبَعٍ فِي الْقَصْرِ؟» قَالَتْ: تُطَلِّقُ وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُنَّ وَتَزَوَّجُ أُخْرَى قَالَ: «الطَّلَاقُ قَبِيحٌ أَكْرَهُهُ» ⦗٧٩⦘\n\n١٣٧٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمُّ زَيْنَبَ، أَنَّ أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ حَدَّثَتْهَا قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ أَصُبُّ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ الْمَاءَ وَهُوَ يَتَوَضَّأُ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٣٧٢٨ - ورُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ فَوْقَ أَرْبَعٍ، فَمَا زَادَ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ\n\n١٣٧٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَلَمَّا أَبَاحَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ لَا زَوْجَةَ لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَ أَرْبَعِ زَوْجَاتٍ، قُلْنَا حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَنْ طَلَّقَ أَرْبَعَ نِسْوَةٍ لَهُ طَلَاقًا لَا يَمْلِكُ رَجْعَةً أَوْ يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ فَلَيْسَ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ فِي عِدَّتِهَا مِنْهُ حَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ مَكَانَهُنَّ أَرْبَعًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا زَوْجَةَ لَهُ وَلَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٣٧٣٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِانْقِطَاعِ أَحْكَامِهَا مِنَ الْإِيلَاءِ وَالظِّهَارِ وَاللِّعَانِ وَالْمِيرَاثِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٣٧٣١ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَعُرْوَةَ وَأَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ دَارِ السُّنَّةِ وَحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ﷿.\n\n١٣٧٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ كَانَا يَقُولَانِ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ أَرْبَعُ نِسْوَةٍ فَيُطَلِّقُ إِحْدَاهُنَّ أَلْبَتَّةَ: أَنَّهُ يَتَزَوَّجُ إِنْ شَاءَ وَلَا يَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا، وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَجَازَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٨٠⦘،\n\n١٣٧٣٣ - وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ\n\n١٣٧٣٤ - قَالَ: وَهُوَ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ فِي أَثْبَتِ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ","vol":"10","page":78},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-951>تَسَرِّي الْعَبْدِ</span>","vol":"10","page":81},{"text":"١٣٧٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ إِلَّا عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتِ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٦]،\n\n١٣٧٣٦ - فَدَلَّ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ عَلَى أَنَّ مَا أَبَاحَ مِنَ الْفَرْجِ فَإِنَّمَا أَبَاحَهُ مِنْ أَحَدِ وَجْهَيْنِ: النِّكَاحُ، أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتِ الْيَمِينُ،\n\n١٣٧٣٧ - وَقَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ﴾ [النحل: ٧٥]","vol":"10","page":81},{"text":"١٣٧٣٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا لَهُ مَالٌ فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَهُ الْمُبْتَاعُ» ⦗٨٢⦘\n\n١٣٧٣٩ - فَدَلَّ الْكِتَابُ ثُمَّ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَكُونُ مَالِكًا مَالًا بِحَالٍ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ:\n\n١٣٧٤٠ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ تَسَرِّي الْعَبْدِ، قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، وَخِلَافُهُ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَا يَطَأُ الرَّجُلُ وَلِيدَةً، إِلَّا وَلِيدَةً إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ وَهَبَهَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ صَنَعَ بِهَا مَا شَاءَ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ؟ قُلْتُ: ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِعَبْدٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ: لَيْسَ لَكَ طَلَاقٌ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُمْسِكَهَا فَأَبَى، فَقَالَ: فَهِيَ لَكَ فَاسْتَحَلَّهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ، يُرِيدُ أَنَّهَا لَهُ حَلَالٌ بِالنِّكَاحِ وَلَا طَلَاقَ لَكَ، وَأَنْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ مَنْ طَلَّقَ مِنَ الْعَبِيدِ لَزِمَهُ الطَّلَاقَ وَلَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ امْرَأَتَهُ بَعْدَ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ\n\n١٣٧٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ عُبِيدَهُ أَنْ يَتَسَرُّوا،\n\n١٣٧٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا نَحْنُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبِيدُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ يَتَسَرُّونَ فَلَا يَعِيبُ عَلَيْهِمْ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٣٧٤٣ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي عَارَضَهُ بِهِ فَهُوَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٨٣⦘،\n\n١٣٧٤٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَى عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ إِنَّمَا قَالَ: ذَلِكَ فِي الْحُرِّ إِذَا اشْتَرَى وَلِيدَةً بِشَرْطٍ فَاسِدٍ،\n\n١٣٧٤٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدًا لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَ: هِيَ لَكَ طَأْهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ","vol":"10","page":81},{"text":"١٣٧٤٦ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خُمَيْرَوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، أَنَّ غُلَامًا لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَرْجِعْهَا»، فَأَبَى، فَقَالَ: «هِيَ لَكَ، اسْتَحِلَّهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ»","vol":"10","page":83},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-952>نِكَاحُ الْمَحَدُودِينَ يَعْنِي الزُّنَاةَ</span>","vol":"10","page":84},{"text":"١٣٧٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ - ﵀ - قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ⦗٨٥⦘: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [النور: ٣]\n\n١٣٧٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: اخْتُلِفَ فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، فَقِيلَ نَزَلَتْ فِي بَغَايَا كَانَتْ لَهُنَّ رَايَاتٌ وَكُنَّ غَيْرَ مُحْصَنَاتٍ، فَأَرَادَ بَعْضُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ نِكَاحَهُنَّ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ بِتَحْرِيمِ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَعْلَنَ بِمِثْلِ مَا أَعْلَنَّ بِهِ أَوْ مُشْرِكًا،\n\n١٣٧٤٩ - وَقِيلَ: كُنَّ زَوَانِي مُشْرِكَاتٍ، فَنَزَلَتْ أَنْ لَا يَنْكِحَهُنَّ إِلَّا زَانٍ مِثْلَهُنَّ مُشْرِكٌ، أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ زَانِيًا، وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،\n\n١٣٧٥٠ - وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ هَذَا، وَقِيلَ هِيَ عَامَّةٌ وَلَكِنَّهَا نُسِخَتْ","vol":"10","page":84},{"text":"١٣٧٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ⦗٨٦⦘، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي بَغَايَا مِنْ بَغَايَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانَتْ عَلَى مَنَازِلِهِنَّ رَايَاتٌ\n\n١٣٧٥٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: إِنَّهَا حُكْمٌ بَيْنَهُمَا،\n\n١٣٧٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا قَدْ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ شَكَّ فِيهِ فَتَرَكَ اسْمَهُ","vol":"10","page":85},{"text":"١٣٧٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ اسْتَأْذَنَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي امْرَأَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ مَهْزُولٍ كَانَتْ تُسَافِحُ وَتَشْتَرِطُ لَهُ أَنْ تُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَّهُ اسْتَأْذَنَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهَا وَذَكَرَ لَهُ أَمْرَهَا قَالَ: فَقَرَأَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ﴾ [النور: ٣] \"، أَوْ قَالَ: فَنَزَلَتْ ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ﴾ [النور: ٣]،\n\n١٣٧٥٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي مَرْثَدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْثَدٍ حِينَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ عَنَاقًا وَكَانَتْ بَغِيًّا وَكَانَتْ مُشْرِكَةً ⦗٨٧⦘\n\n١٣٧٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِي عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الزَّانِي لَا يَزْنِي إِلَّا بِزَانِيَةٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكَةٍ، وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَزْنِي بِهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ»، يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ يَنْكِحُ يُصِيبُ","vol":"10","page":86},{"text":"١٣٧٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ فِرَاسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الدِّيلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً﴾ [النور: ٣] قَالَ: «لَا يَزْنِي إِلَّا بِزَانِيَةٍ»\n\n١٣٧٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَمَا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِالنِّكَاحِ وَلَكِنْ لَا يُجَامِعُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ،\n\n١٣٧٥٩ - ﴿وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [النور: ٣]، أَيْ وَحُرِّمَ الزِّنَا عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ\n\n١٣٧٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي يُشْبِهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ","vol":"10","page":87},{"text":"١٣٧٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحَسَنُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ﴾ [النور: ٣] \" أَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ، نَسَخَهَا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى﴾ [النور: ٣٢] مِنْكُمْ، فَهِيَ مِنْ أَيَامَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ \"\n\n١٣٧٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَدْ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَاعِزُ ⦗٨٨⦘ بْنُ مَالِكٍ فَأَقَرَّ عِنْدَهُ بِالزِّنَا مِرَارًا لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا أَنْ يَجْتَنِبَ زَوْجَهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ، وَلَا زَوْجَهُ أَنْ تَجْتَنِبَهُ،\n\n١٣٧٦٣ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ رَجُلٍ زَنَتْ وَزَوْجُهَا حَاضِرٌ فَلَمْ يَأْمُرْ فِيمَا عَلِمْنَا زَوْجَهَا بِاجْتِنَابِهَا وَأَمَرَ أُنَيْسًا أَنْ يَغْدُوَ عَلَيْهَا فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا، وَقَدْ جَلْدَ ابْنَ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ فِي الزِّنَا مِائَةً وَغَرَّبَهُ عَامًا، وَلَمْ يَنْهَهُ فِيمَا عَلِمْنَا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ وَلَا أَحَدًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَهُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً،\n\n١٣٧٦٤ - وَقَدْ رَفَعَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ إِلَيْهِ أَمْرَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَقَذَفَهَا بِرَجُلٍ وَانْتَفَى مِنْ حَمْلِهَا فَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِاجْتِنَابِهَا حَتَّى لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا،\n\n١٣٧٦٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا شُكِيَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ امْرَأَتَهَ لَا تَدْفَعُ يَدَ لَامِسٍ فَأَمَرَهُ بِفِرَاقِهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي أُحِبُّهَا، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَمْتِعَ بِهَا","vol":"10","page":87},{"text":"١٣٧٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ رِئَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ لِي امْرَأَةً لَا تَرُدُّ يَدَ لَامِسٍ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَطَلِّقْهَا» قَالَ: إِنِّي أُحِبُّهَا، قَالَ: «فَأَمْسِكْهَا إِذًا»","vol":"10","page":88},{"text":"١٣٧٦٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى السِّينَانِيُّ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ ⦗٨٩⦘ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ لَهُ امْرَأَةً لَا تَمْنَعُ يَدَ لَامِسٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «طَلِّقْهَا»، فَذَكَرَ وَجْدَهُ بِهَا قَالَ: «اسْتَمْتِعْ بِهَا»\n\n١٣٧٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، فَقَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى","vol":"10","page":88},{"text":"١٣٧٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَلَهَا ابْنَةٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَلَهُ ابْنٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا فَفَجَرَ الْغُلَامُ بِالْجَارِيَةِ، وَظَهَرَ بِهَا حَبَلٌ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ ﵁ مَكَّةَ رُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ «فَسَأَلَهُمَا فَاعْتَرَفَا، فَجَلَدَهُمَا عُمَرُ الْحَدَّ وَحَرَصَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا»، فَأَبَى الْغُلَامُ\n\n١٣٧٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ أَيَنْكِحُهَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، ذَاكَ حِينَ أَصَابَ الْحَلَالَ،\n\n١٣٧٧١ - وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَوَّلُهُ سِفَاحٌ وَآخِرُهُ نِكَاحٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ\n\n١٣٧٧٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فِي جَوَازِ ذَلِكَ، وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"10","page":89},{"text":"١٣٧٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ زَنَى بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا قَالَ: «لَا يَزَالَانِ زَانِيَيْنِ»\n\n١٣٧٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ نَقُولُ بِهَذَا، هُمَا آثِمَانِ حِينَ زَنَيَا وَيُصِيبَانِ الْحَلَالَ حِينَ تَنَاكَحَا غَيْرُ زَانِيَيْنِ،\n\n١٣٧٧٥ - وَقَدْ قَالَ عُمَرُ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، نَحْوَ هَذَا","vol":"10","page":90},{"text":"١٣٧٧٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَطَأَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَتَهُ إِذَا فَجَرَتْ أَوْ يَطَأَهَا وَهِيَ مُشْرِكَةٌ \"","vol":"10","page":90},{"text":"١٣٧٧٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَزَنَى بِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا، فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَجَلْدَهُ الْحَدَّ وَأَعْطَاهَا نِصْفَ الصَّدَاقِ \"\n\n١٣٧٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ وَلَا أَحَدٌ عَلِمْتُهُ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا،\n\n١٣٧٧٩ - وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرِدُ هَذَا إِلْزَامًا لِلْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١٣٧٨٠ - وَحَنَشٌ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ،\n\n١٣٧٨١ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُنْقَطِعٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ⦗٩١⦘،\n\n١٣٧٨٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى الرُّخْصَةِ إِذَا تَابَا","vol":"10","page":90},{"text":"١٣٧٨٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا يَنْكِحُ الزَّانِي الْمَجْلُودُ إِلَّا مِثْلَهُ» فَهُوَ فِي مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَقَاوِيلَ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ، فِيهَا وَاخْتِيَارَ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَوْلَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهَا نُسِخَتْ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِمَا مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ،\n\n١٣٧٨٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠] وَبِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢١]،\n\n١٣٧٨٥ - وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفِ النَّاسُ فِيمَا عَلِمْتُ فِي أَنَّ الزَّانِيَةَ الْمُسْلِمَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لِمُشْرِكٍ وَثَنِيٍّ وَلَا كِتَابِيٍّ، وَأَنَّ الْمُشْرِكَةَ الزَّانِيَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ زَانٍ وَلَا غَيْرِهِ، فَإِجْمَاعُهُمْ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ عَلَى مَنْ قَالَ: هُوَ حُكْمٌ بَيْنَهُمَا","vol":"10","page":91},{"text":"١٣٧٨٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: بَصْرَةُ قَالَ: تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً بِكْرًا فِي سِتْرِهَا، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهَا، فَإِذَا هِيَ حُبْلَى، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَهَا الصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اسْتَحْلَلْتَ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا، وَالْوَلَدُ عَبْدٌ لَكَ، فَإِذَا وَلَدَتْ فَاجْلِدُوهَا»\n\n١٣٧٨٧ - فَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا أَسْنَدَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗٩٢⦘،\n\n١٣٧٨٨ - وَرَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، مُرْسَلًا، وَقَالَ: وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَقَدْ مَضَتِ الدَّلَالَةُ عَلَى جَوَازِ نِكَاحِ الزَّانِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ،\n\n١٣٧٨٩ - وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا مِنَ الْحُرَّةِ يَكُونُ حُرًّا فَأَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنْ كَانَ صَحِيحًا مَنْسُوخًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-953>بَابُ نِكَاحِ الْعَبْدِ</span>","vol":"10","page":93},{"text":"١٣٧٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، مَوْلَى آلِ طَلْحَةَ وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «يَنْكِحُ الْعَبْدُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ»\n\n١٣٧٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْأَكْثَرِ مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ بِالْبُلْدَانِ\n\n١٣٧٩٢ - قَالَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ قِيَاسًا عَلَى مَا يَكُونُ لَهُ نِصْفُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ مِنْ حُدُودٍ وَطَلَاقٍ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ","vol":"10","page":93},{"text":"١٣٧٩٣ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ:  «يَنْكِحُ الْعَبْدُ اثْنَتَيْنِ لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَيْهِمَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٣٧٩٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ⦗٩٤⦘\n\n١٣٧٩٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، مِثْلُ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ، وَلَا نَعْرِفُ لَهُمْ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ مُخَالِفًا،\n\n١٣٧٩٦ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا فِي طَلَاقِهِ فَنَحْنُ نُذْكُرُهُ إِنَّ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ مِنْ كِتَابِ الرَّجْعَةِ","vol":"10","page":93},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-954>بَابُ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنْ نِكَاحِ الْحَرَائِرِ وَمَا يَحِلُّ مِنْهُ وَمِنَ الْإِمَاءِ وَالْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُنَّ وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ</span>\n١٣٧٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] الْآيَةَ، وَقَالَ: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٢]","vol":"10","page":95},{"text":"١٣٧٩٨ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الْبُخَارِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَبِيبٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «حَرُمَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ سَبْعٌ، وَمِنَ الصِّهْرِ سَبْعٌ»، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: \" ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] \" الْآيَةَ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ⦗٩٦⦘،\n\n١٣٧٩٩ - وَرَوَاهُ حَيَّانُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَادَ: «وَيَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ»","vol":"10","page":95},{"text":"١٣٨٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْأُمَّ وَالْأُخْتَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، فَاحْتُمِلَ أَنْ لَا يُحَرِّمَ سِوَاهُمَا، وَاحْتُمِلَ إِذْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَحْرِيمَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأُخْتِ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ فَأَقَامَهُمَا فِي التَّحْرِيمِ مَقَامَ الْأُخْتِ وَالْأُمِّ مِنَ النَّسَبِ، أَنْ تَكُونَ الرَّضَاعَةُ كُلُّهَا تَقُومُ مَقَامَ النَّسَبِ، فَمَا حَرَّمَ بِالنَّسَبِ حَرَّمَ بِالرَّضَاعِ مِثْلَهُ، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ بِدَلَالَةِ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْقِيَاسِ عَلَى الْقُرْآنِ","vol":"10","page":96},{"text":"١٣٨٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الْوِلَادَةِ»","vol":"10","page":96},{"text":"١٣٨٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَمَاتَتْ أَوْ طُلِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا لَمْ أَرَ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ أُمَّهَا؛ لِأَنَّ الْأُمَّ مُبْهَمَةُ التَّحْرِيمِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَرْطٌ، إِنَّمَا الشَّرْطُ فِي الرَّبَائِبِ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْأَكْثَرِ مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ، وَقَوْلُ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"10","page":96},{"text":"١٣٨٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَفَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا، هَلْ تَحِلُّ لَهُ أُمُّهَا؟ فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: «لَا، الْأُمُّ مُبْهَمَةٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَرْطٌ، إِنَّمَا الشَّرْطُ فِي الرَّبَائِبِ»\n\n١٣٨٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ وَهِيَ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ،\n\n١٣٨٠٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: «إِنْ كَانَتْ مَاتَتْ فَوَرِثَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أُمُّهَا، وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَإِنَّهُ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ»\n\n١٣٨٠٦ - وَقَوْلُ الْجَمَاعَةِ: إِنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ بِحَالٍ\n\n١٣٨٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ يُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُ","vol":"10","page":97},{"text":"١٣٨٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جُرَيْجُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِيَاسٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي شَمْخٍ، فَرَأَى بَعْدُ أُمَّهَا، فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ، فَذَهَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً وَلَمْ أَدْخُلْ بِهَا، ثُمَّ أَعْجَبَتْنِي أُمُّهَا، فَأُطَلِّقُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَأَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّهَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَطَلَّقَهَا، وَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا، فَأَتَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْمَدِينَةَ فَسَأَلَ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا: لَا يَصْلُحُ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ فَأَتَى بَنِي شَمْخٍ فَقَالَ: «أَيْنَ الرَّجُلُ؟»، قَالُوا: هَا هُنَا قَالَ: «فَلْيُفَارِقْهَا»، قَالُوا: وَقَدْ نَثَرَتْ لَهُ بَطْنَهَا قَالَ: «فَلْيُفَارِقْهُ فَإِنَّهُ حَرَامٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ» ⦗٩٨⦘\n\n١٣٨٠٩ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ،\n\n١٣٨١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَسَمَّى فِيهِ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ،\n\n١٣٨١١ - وَكَذَلِكَ سَمَّاهُ أَبُو فَرْوَةَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ فِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ،\n\n١٣٨١٢ - ورُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مِثْلَ هَذَا، وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٣٨١٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «فَلَا تَعْرِضْنَ عَلَيَّ بَنَاتِكُنَّ وَلَا أَخَوَاتِكُنَّ»، وَلَمْ يَقُلِ: اللَّاتِي فِي حِجْرِي، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى تَسْوِيَةِ التَّحْرِيمِ بَيْنَ بَنَاتِهِنَّ اللَّاتِي فِي حِجْرِهِ وَاللَّاتِي فِي غَيْرِ حِجْرِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٣٨١٤ - رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْأُمُّ مُبْهَمَةٌ،\n\n١٣٨١٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَبْهِمُوا مَا أَبْهَمَ اللَّهُ،\n\n١٣٨١٦ - قَالَ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْأَزْهَرِيُّ - ﵀ -: رَأَيْتُ كَثِيرًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَذْهَبُونَ بِهَذَا إِلَى إِبْهَامِ الْأَمْرِ وَاسْتِبْهَامِهِ، وَهُوَ إِشْكَالُهُ، وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ فَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، هَذَا كُلُّهُ يُسَمَّى: التَّحْرِيمُ الْمُبْهَمُ؛ ⦗٩٩⦘ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ بِوَجْهٍ مِنَ الْوجُوهِ، كَالْبَهِيمِ مِنْ أَلْوَانِ الْخَيْلِ الَّذِي لَا شِيَةَ فِيهِ يُخَالِفُ مُعْظَمَ لَوْنِهِ،\n\n١٣٨١٧ - وَلَمَّا سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنِ اللَّهُ الدُّخُولَ بِهِنَّ أَجَابَ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا مِنْ مُبْهَمِ التَّحْرِيمِ الَّذِي لَا وَجْهَ فِيهِ غَيْرُ التَّحْرِيمِ،\n\n١٣٨١٨ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، فَالرَّبَائِبُ هَا هُنَا لَسْنَ مِنَ الْمُبْهَمَاتِ لِأَنَّ لَهُنَّ وَجْهَيْنِ مُبَيَّنَيْنِ أُحْلِلْنَ فِي أَحَدِهِمَا وَحُرِّمْنَ فِي الْآخَرِ\n\n١٣٨١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، فَأَيُّ امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَهَا رَجُلٌ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَى أَبِيهِ دَخَلَ بِهَا الِابْنُ أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ تُحَرَّمُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ آبَائِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ لِأَنَّ الْأُبُوَّةَ تَجْمَعُهُمْ مَعًا،\n\n١٣٨٢٠ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٢]، فَأَيُّ امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَهَا رَجُلٌ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ دَخَلَ بِهَا الْأَبُّ أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ وَلَدُ وَلَدِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ\n\n١٣٨٢١ - قَالَ: وَكُلُّ امْرَأَةِ أَبٍ أَوِ ابْنٍ حَرَّمْتُهَا عَلَى أَبِيهِ وَابْنِهِ بِنَسَبٍ فَكَذَلِكَ أُحَرِّمُهَا إِذَا كَانَتِ امْرَأَةُ أَبٍ أَوِ ابْنٍ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ،\n\n١٣٨٢٢ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، فَكَيْفَ حُرِّمَتْ حَلِيلَةُ الِابْنِ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ؟ ⦗١٠٠⦘ قِيلَ: بِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ جَمْعِ اللَّهِ بَيْنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأُخْتِ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَالْأُمِّ وَالْأُخْتِ مِنَ النَّسَبِ فِي التَّحْرِيمِ، ثُمَّ بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ»،\n\n١٣٨٢٣ - فَإِنْ قَالَ: فَهَلْ تَعْلَمُ فِيمَا أُنْزِلَتْ: ﴿وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، قِيلَ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِيمَا أَنْزَلَهَا، فَأَمَّا مَعْنَى مَا سَمِعْتُ مُتَفَرِّقًا فَجَمَعْتُهُ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرَادَ نِكَاحَ ابْنَةِ جَحْشٍ فَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ تَبَنَّاهُ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُدْعَى الْأَدْعِيَاءُ لِآبَائِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥]، وَقَالَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧]، فَأَشْبَهَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] دُونَ أَدْعِيَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ تُسَمُّونَهُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ، وَلَا يَكُونُ الرَّضَاعُ مِنْ هَذَا فِي شَيْءٍ\n\n١٣٨٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾ [النساء: ٢٢]، وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، كَانَ أَكْبَرُ وَلَدِ الرَّجُلِ يَخْلُفُ عَلَى امْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ فَنَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ يَجْمَعُ فِي عُمُرِهِ بَيْنَ أُخْتَيْنِ أَوْ يَنْكِحُ مَا نَكَحَ أَبُوهُ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ قَبْلَ عِلْمِهِمْ بِتَحْرِيمِهِ، لَيْسَ أَنَّهُ أَقَرَّ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ مَا كَانُوا قَدْ جَمَعُوا بَيْنَهُ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ، كَمَا أَقَرَّهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى نِكَاحِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الَّذِي لَا يَحِلُّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ بِحَالٍ ⦗١٠١⦘\n\n١٣٨٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ مَوْجُودٌ بَعْضُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَبَعْضُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَبَعْضُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ غَيْرِهِمَا، وَفِي أَقَاوِيلِ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بَعْضَهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n١٣٨٢٦ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ بَلَغَنَا، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ: مَكْتُوبٌ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ: مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى فَرْجِ امْرَأَةٍ وَأُمِّهَا،\n\n١٣٨٢٧ - وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ خَلَا بِجَارِيَةٍ لَهُ فَجَرَّدَهَا، وَأَنَّ ابْنًا لَهُ اسْتَوْهَبَهَا مِنْهُ، فَقَالُ لَهُ عُمَرُ: إِنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ لَكَ\n\n١٣٨٢٨ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى يَقُولُ: لَا يُحَرِّمُ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا إِنْ لَمْ يَلْمَسْهَا\n\n١٣٨٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ بِالنَّظَرِ دُونَ اللَّمْسِ قَالَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَهُوَ مَا أَفْضَى إِلَيْهَا بِهِ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ مُتَلَذِّذًا ⦗١٠٢⦘\n\n١٣٨٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ عُمَرَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ وَهَبَ لِابْنِهِ جَارِيَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ: لَا تَمَسَّهَا فَإِنِّي قَدْ كَشَفْتُهَا،\n\n١٣٨٣١ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٣٨٣٢ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: الدُّخُولُ هُوَ الْجِمَاعُ،\n\n١٣٨٣٣ - وَقَالَ فِي الْمَسِّ وَاللَّمْسِ وَالْإِفْضَاءِ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٣٨٣٤ - وَأَصْحَابُنَا يُخَرِّجُونَ للشَّافِعِيِّ قَوْلًا آخَرَ مِثْلَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْأَوَّلُ هُوَ الْمَنْصُوصُ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الْكَشْفِ، وَهُوَ الظَّاهِرُ مِنْ عَادَاتِ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-955>بَابُ مَا يَحْرُمُ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ</span>\n١٣٨٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]، فَلَا يَحِلُّ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ بِحَالٍ مِنْ نِكَاحِ وَلَا مِلْكِ يَمِينٍ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنْزَلَهُ مُطْلَقًا فَلَا يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الْحَرَائِرِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا حَرَّمَ مِنَ الْإِمَاءِ بِالْمِلْكِ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا الْعَدَدَ","vol":"10","page":103},{"text":"١٣٨٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَخْضَرِ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، أَنَّهُ  «كَرِهَ مِنَ الْإِمَاءِ مَا كَرِهَ مِنَ الْحَرَائِرِ إِلَّا الْعَدَدَ»","vol":"10","page":104},{"text":"١٣٨٣٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، أَوْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ:  «يُكْرَهُ مِنَ الْإِمَاءِ مَا يُكْرَهُ مِنَ الْحَرَائِرِ إِلَّا الْعَدَدَ»\n\n١٣٨٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِ الْعُلَمَاءِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فِي مَعْنَى الْقُرْآنِ وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ،\n\n١٣٨٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"10","page":104},{"text":"١٣٨٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ عَنِ الْأُخْتَيْنِ فِي مِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ هَلْ يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا؟ فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: «أَحَلَّتْهُمَا آيَةٌ، وَحَرَّمَتْهُمَا آيَةٌ، وَأَمَّا أَنَا فَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَصْنَعَ هَذَا» قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَلَقِيَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: لَوْ كَانَ لِي مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ وَجَدْتُ أَحَدًا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَجَعَلْتُهُ نَكَالًا\n\n١٣٨٤١ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ أَرَاهُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ⦗١٠٥⦘\n\n١٣٨٤٢ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"10","page":104},{"text":"١٣٨٤٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَابْنَتِهَا مِنْ مِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ هَلْ تُوطَأُ إِحْدَاهُمَا بَعْدَ الْأُخْرَى؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أُجِيزَهُمَا جَمِيعًا»، وَنَهَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"10","page":105},{"text":"١٣٨٤٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ عُمَرُ عَنِ الْأُمِّ وَابْنَتِهَا مِنْ مِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ؟ فَقَالَ: «مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أُجِيزَهُمَا جَمِيعًا»،\n\n١٣٨٤٥ - قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ: قَالَ أَبِي: فَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَانَ أَشَدُّ فِي ذَلِكَ مِمَّا هُوَ\n\n١٣٨٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا قَوْلُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ كَمَا تَرَى وَالْمُزَنِيُّ رَحَمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ أَخْطَأَ فِيهِ فَأَضَافَهُ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"10","page":105},{"text":"١٣٨٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ يُخْبِرُ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ جَاءَ عَائِشَةَ فَقَالَ لَهَا: إِنَّ لِي سُرِّيَّةً أَصَبْتُهَا، وَإِنَّهَا قَدْ بَلَغَتْ لَهَا ابْنَةٌ جَارِيَةٌ لِي أَفَأَتَسَرَّى ابْنَتَهَا؟ فَقَالَتْ: «لَا»، فَقَالَ: فَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولِي حَرَّمَهَا اللَّهُ، فَقَالَتْ:  «لَا يَفْعَلُهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِي وَلَا أَحَدٌ أَطَاعَنِي»","vol":"10","page":105},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-956>بَابُ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَعَمَّتِهَا</span>","vol":"10","page":106},{"text":"١٣٨٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالَكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَعَمَّتِهَا وَلَا بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَخَالَتِهَا» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٣٨٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَنْ لَقِيتُ مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ لَا اخْتِلَافَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيمَا عَلِمْتُهُ، وَلَمْ يُرْوَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ لَا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، وَفِي هَذَا حُجَّةٌ عَلَى مَنْ رَدَّ الْحَدِيثَ وَعَلَى مَنْ أَخَذَ بِالْحَدِيثِ مَرَّةً وَتَرَكَهُ أُخْرَى وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا،\n\n١٣٨٥٠ - وَالَّذِي قَالَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ،\n\n١٣٨٥١ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَمَنَ النِّسَاءِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗١٠٧⦘،\n\n١٣٨٥٢ - إِلَّا أَنُّ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ لَيْسَ مِنْ شَرْطِ صَاحِبَيِ الصَّحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ وَمُسْلِمٍ وَإِنَّمَا اتَّفَقَا وَمَنْ قَبْلَهُمَا وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمَا مِنْ حُفَّاظِ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى إِثْبَاتِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ وَالِاعْتِمَادِ عَلَيْهِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ،\n\n١٣٨٥٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ رِوَايَةَ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَقَالَ دَاوُدَ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، وَابْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَالْحُفَّاظُ يَرَوْنَ رِوَايَةَ عَاصِمٍ خَطَأٌ، وَأَنَّ الصَّحِيحَ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، وَدَاوُدَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":106},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-957>مَا يَحِلُّ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُ</span>","vol":"10","page":108},{"text":"١٣٨٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ ابْنَ صَفْوَانَ  «جَمَعَ بَيْنَ امْرَأَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ وَابْنَتِهِ» ⦗١٠٩⦘\n\n١٣٨٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ جَمَعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ بَيْنَ امْرَأَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَابْنَتِهِ","vol":"10","page":108},{"text":"١٣٨٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خُمَيْرَوَيِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ قُثَمٍ مَوْلَى الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ:  «جَمَعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ بَيْنَ لَيْلَى بِنْتِ مَسْعُودٍ النَّهْشَلِيَّةِ وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةُ عَلِيٍّ وَبَيْنَ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ عَلِيٍّ لِفَاطِمَةَ فَكَانَتَا امْرَأَتَيْهِ»","vol":"10","page":109},{"text":"١٣٨٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ:  «جَمَعَ ابْنُ عَمٍّ لِي بَيْنَ ابْنَتَيْ عَمٍّ لَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ النِّسَاءُ لَا يَدْرِينَ أَيْنَ يَذْهَبْنَ» قَالَ الشَّيْخُ ﵁: يُرِيدُ بَيْنَ ابْنَتَيْ عَمَّيْنِ لَهُ","vol":"10","page":109},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-958>بَابُ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [</span>النساء: ٢٤]","vol":"10","page":110},{"text":"١٣٨٥٨ - أَشَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ إِلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بَعْثًا إِلَى أَوْطَاسٍ فَلَقُوا عَدُوًّا فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ وَظَهَرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَصَابُوا لَهُمْ سَبَايَا، فَكَأَنَّ أُنَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحَرَّجُوا مِنْ غِشْيَانِهِنَّ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ: \" ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤] \"، أَيْ: فَهُنَّ لَكُمْ حَلَالٌ إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهُنَّ ⦗١١١⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ،\n\n١٣٨٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: كُلُّ ذَاتِ زَوْجٍ إِتْيَانُهَا زِنا إِلَّا مَا سُبِيَتْ،\n\n١٣٨٦٠ - وَشَرْطُ الِاسْتِبْرَاءِ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ","vol":"10","page":110},{"text":"١٣٨٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الثَّقَفِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤] قَالَ:  «سَبَايَا كَانَ لَهُنَّ أَزْوَاجٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْبَيْنَ»\n\n١٣٨٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: ﴿الْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤] هُنَّ ذَوَاتُ الْأَزْوَاجِ وَيَرْجِعُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ الزِّنَا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗١١٢⦘\n\n١٣٨٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَنَّ ذَوَاتَ الْأَزْوَاجِ مِنَ الْإِمَاءِ يُحَرَّمْنَ عَلَى غَيْرِ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ وَأَنَّ الِاسْتِثْنَاءَ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤] مَقْصُورَةٌ عَلَى السَّبَايَا بِأَنَّ السُّنَّةَ دَلَّتْ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَمْلُوكَةَ غَيْرَ الْمَسْبِيَّةِ إِذَا بِيعَتْ أَوْ أُعْتِقَتْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْعُهَا طَلَاقًا؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَيَّرَ بَرِيرَةَ حِينَ عُتِقَتْ فِي الْمَقَامِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا أَوْ فِرَاقِهِ، وَقَدْ زَالَ مِلْكُ بَرِيرَةَ بِأَنْ بِيعَتْ فَأُعْتِقَتْ فَكَانَ زَوَالُهُ بِمَعْنَيَيْنِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ فُرْقَةٌ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ فُرْقَةٌ لَمْ يَقُلْ: لَكَ الْخِيَارُ فِيمَنْ لَا عَقْدَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا\n\n١٣٨٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَإِذَا لَمْ يَحِلَّ فَرْجُ ذَاتِ الزَّوْجِ بِزَوَالِ الْمِلْكِ فَهِيَ إِذَا لَمْ تُبَعْ لَمْ تُحَلُّ بِمِلْكِ يَمِينٍ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْحُجَّةِ فِي ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٣٨٦٥ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: وَمِمَّنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ قَالُوا: نِكَاحُ الزَّوْجِ بَعْدَ الشِّرَاءِ ثَابِتٌ،\n\n١٣٨٦٦ - وَذَكَرَ أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ. قَالَ: وَمِمَّنْ قَالَ: «بَيْعُ الْأَمَةِ طَلَاقُهَا» عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَعِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ، وَجَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٣٨٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَأَنَّهُمْ قَاسُوهَا عَلَى الْمَسْبِيَّةِ، وَحَدِيثُ بَرِيرَةَ يَمْنَعُ مِنْ هَذَا الْقِيَاسِ ثُمَّ الْإِجْمَاعُ أَنَّ مَنْ زَوَّجَ أَمَتَهُ لَمْ يَمْلِكْ وَطْأَهَا، وَهِيَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُهُ","vol":"10","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-959>بَابُ الزِّنَا لَا يُحَرِّمُ الْحَلَالَ</span>\n١٣٨٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَهُ لِحُرْمَةِ الْحَلَالِ، وَالْحَرَامُ ⦗١١٤⦘ خِلَافُ الْحَلَالِ قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلُنَا","vol":"10","page":113},{"text":"١٣٨٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ - هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ - قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ زَنَى بِأُمِّ امْرَأَتِهِ أَوْ بِابْنَتِهَا: «فَإِنَّهُمَا حُرْمَتَانِ تَخَطَّاهُمَا وَلَا يُحَرِّمُهَا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ»،\n\n١٣٨٧٠ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَعْمَرَ: مَا حَرَّمَ حَرَامٌ حَلَالًا قَطُّ،\n\n١٣٨٧١ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"10","page":114},{"text":"١٣٨٧٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَرْوِيُّ ⦗١١٥⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يُحَرِّمُ الْحَرَامُ الْحَلَالَ»\n\n١٣٨٧٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَرْوِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ جِبْرِيلَ، وَرَوَى الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مُرْسَلًا مِثْلَ قَوْلِنَا،\n\n١٣٨٧٤ - وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، وَعُرْوَةَ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"10","page":114},{"text":"١٣٨٧٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْوَقَّاصِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يُفْسَدُ حَلَالٌ بِحَرَامٍ، وَمَنِ أَتَى امْرَأَةً فُجُورًا فَلَا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا أَوْ ابْنَتَهَا»\n\n١٣٨٧٦ - فَهَذَا لَا يَصِحُّ، عُثْمَانُ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَحِلُّ الِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى مَا يَرْوِيهُ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ قَوْلُ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ\n\n١٣٨٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ مُنَاظَرَةً طَوِيلَةً جَرَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَالَ: فَالشَّعْبِيُّ قَالَ قَوْلَنَا؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: فَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي قَوْلِنَا كِتَابٌ وَلَا سُنَّةٌ وَلَا مَا أَوْجَدْنَاكَ مِنَ الْقِيَاسِ وَالْمَعْقُولِ أَكَانَ قَوْلُ الشَّعْبِيِّ عِنْدَكَ حُجَّةً؟ قَالَ: لَا وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، قُلْتُ: مِنْ وَجْهٍ لَا يَثْبُتُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلُنَا، فَرَجَعَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِمْ، وَقَالَ: الْحَقُّ عِنْدَكَ وَالْعَدْلُ فِي ⦗١١٦⦘ قَوْلِكُمْ، فَاجْمَعْ لِي فِي هَذَا قَوْلًا، قُلْتُ: إِذَا حُرِّمَ الشَّيْءُ بِوَجْهٍ اسْتَدْلَلْنَا أَنَّهُ لَا يُحَرَّمُ بِالَّذِي يُخَالِفُهُ كَمَا إِذَا حُلَّ شَيْءٌ بِوَجْهٍ لَمْ يَحِلَّ بِالَّذِي يُخَالِفُهُ فَالْحَلَالُ ضِدُ الْحَرَامِ، وَالنِّكَاحُ حَلَالٌ، وَالزِّنَا ضِدُ النِّكَاحِ أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ لَكَ الْفَرْجُ بِالنِّكَاحِ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ بِالزِّنَا الَّذِي يُخَالِفُهُ؟ فَقَالَ لِي مِنْهُمْ قَائِلٌ: فَإِنَّا قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِي التَّوْارَةِ: مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى فَرْجِ امْرَأَةٍ وَابْنَتِهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: وَلَا يَدْفَعُ هَذَا وَأَصْغَرُ ذَنْبًا مِنَ الزَّانِي بِالْمَرْأَةِ وَابْنَتِهَا وَالْمَرْأَةُ بِلَا ابْنَةٍ مَلْعُونٌ، قَدْ لُعِنَتِ الْوَاصِلَةُ وَالْمَوْصُولَةُ وَالْمُخْتَفِي - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: الْمُخْتَفِي النَّبَّاشُ - وَالْمُخْتَفِيَةُ وَالزِّنَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ هَذَا كُلِّهِ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمْتُهُ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى فَرْجِ امْرَأَةٍ وَابْنَتِهَا لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ تُحَرَّمَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتُهُ إِنْ زَنَى بِهَا أَبُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَنْظُرْ مَعَ فَرْجِ امْرَأَتِهِ إِلَى فَرْجِ أُمِّهَا وَلَا ابْنَتِهَا، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ حَرَّمْتُهُ لِقَوْلِهِ: «مَلْعُونٌ»، لَزِمَكَ مَكَانَ هَذَا فِي آكِلِ الرِّبَا وَمُؤَكِّلِهِ وَأَنْتَ لَا تَمْنَعُ مَنْ أَرْبَى إِذَا اشْتَرَى بِأَجَلٍ أَنْ يُحَلَّ لَهُ غَيْرُ السِّلْعَةِ الَّتِي أَرْبَى فِيهَا، وَلَا إِذَا اخْتَفَى قَبْرًا مِنَ الْقُبُورِ أَنْ يُحَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْفُرَ غَيْرَهُ، وَيَحْفُرُ هُوَ إِذَا ذَهَبَ الْمَيِّتُ بِالْبِلَى قَالَ: أَجَلْ، قُلْتُ: فَكَيْفَ لَمْ تَقُلْ لَا يَمْنَعُ الْحَرَامُ الْحَلَالَ كَمَا قُلْتَ فِي الَّذِي أَرْبَى وَاخْتَفَى،\n\n١٣٨٧٨ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: مَا اجْتَمَعَ الْحَرَامُ وَالْحَلَالُ إِلَّا غَلَبَ الْحَرَامُ الْحَلَالَ، فَهُوَ بِمَا رَوَاهُ جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَجَابِرٌ ضَعِيفٌ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَإِنَّمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ،\n\n١٣٨٧٩ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَظَرَ إِلَى فَرْجِ امْرَأَةٍ وَابْنَتِهَا، فَهَذَا إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَلَيْثٌ، وَحَمَّادٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِمَا","vol":"10","page":115},{"text":"١٣٨٨٠ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي يُرْوَى فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا نَظَرَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى فَرْجِ الْمَرْأَةِ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ أُمُّهَا وَابْنَتُهَا» فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هَانِئٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَرِوَايَتُهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ، وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَأُمِّ هَانِئٍ، أَوْ بَيْنَ أَبِي هَانِئٍ وَالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ فِيمَا يُسْنِدْهُ فَكَيْفَ بِمَا يُرْسِلُهُ؟ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"10","page":117},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-960>بَابُ نِكَاحِ حَرَائِرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَإِمَائِهِمْ وَإِمَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ</span>\n١٣٨٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٌ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تُرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]\n\n١٣٨٨٢ - قَالَ: فَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ أَنَّهَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي مُهَاجِرَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، فَسَمَّاهَا بَعْضُهُمُ ابْنَةُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، وَأَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَهْلُ أَوْثَانٍ، وَأَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ: ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]، نَزَلَتْ فِي مُهَاجِرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ مُؤْمِنًا، وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْهُدْنَةِ ⦗١١٩⦘\n\n١٣٨٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الْهُدْنَةِ، وَسَمَّاهَا أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، وَسَمَّى الْمُهَاجِرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كَانَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ بِمَكَّةَ فَطَلَّقَهُمَا يَوْمَئِذٍ، يَعْنِي حِينَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، فَتَزَوَّجَ إِحْدَاهُمَا مُعَاوِيَةُ، وَالْأُخْرَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ\n\n١٣٨٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢١] الْآيَةُ قَالَ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ إِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي جَمَاعَةِ مُشْرِكِي الْعَرَبِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَهْلُ أَوْثَانٍ، فَحَرَّمَ نِكَاحَ نِسَائِهِمْ كَمَا حَرَّمَ أَنْ تَنْكِحَ رِجَالُهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا هَكَذَا فَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ ثَابِتَةٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا مَنْسُوخٌ\n\n١٣٨٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: يَعْنِي نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ الْمُشْرِكَاتِ، ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ لَهُمْ نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ\n\n١٣٨٨٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ\n\n١٣٨٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي جَمِيعِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتِ الرُّخْصَةُ بَعْدَهَا فِي إِحْلَالِ نِكَاحِ حَرَائِرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ خَاصَّةً، كَمَا جَاءَتْ فِي إِحْلَالِ ذَبَائِحِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ⦗١٢٠⦘\n\n١٣٨٨٨ - قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾ [المائدة: ٥]\n\n١٣٨٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى هَذَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنْ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٣٨٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ: إِنَّهَا آخِرُ سُورَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِيهَا مِنْ حَلَالٍ فَاسْتَحِلُّوهُ، وَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِيهَا مِنْ حَرَامٍ فَحَرِّمُوهُ\n\n١٣٨٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَيُّهُمَا كَانَ فَقَدْ أُبِيحَ فِيهِ نِكَاحُ حَرَائِرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ،\n\n١٣٨٩٢ - وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لَوْ لَمْ يَنْكِحْهُنَّ مُسْلِمٌ","vol":"10","page":118},{"text":"١٣٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يُسْأَلُ عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُسْلِمِ الْيَهُوَدِيَّةَ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةَ فَقَالَ: «تَزَوَّجْنَاهُنَّ زَمَانَ الْفَتْحِ بِالْكُوفَةِ مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَنَحْنُ لَا نَكَادُ نَجِدُ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ كَثِيرًا فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا طَلَّقْنَاهُنَّ» وَقَالَ: «لَا يَرِثْنَ مُسْلِمًا وَلَا يَرِثُوهُنَّ، وَنِسَاؤُهُمْ لَنَا حِلٌّ وَنِسَاؤُنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَرَامٌ» ⦗١٢١⦘\n\n١٣٨٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي إِبَاحَةِ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَطَلْحَةَ، وَحُذَيْفَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَرِهَهَا،\n\n١٣٨٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ دَانَ دِينَ الْيَهُوَدِ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنَ الصَّابِئِينَ وَالسَّامِرَةِ أُكِلَتْ ذَبِيحَتُهُ وَحَلَّ نِسَاؤُهُ،\n\n١٣٨٩٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كُتِبَ إِلَيْهِ فِيهِمْ أَوْ فِي أَحَدِهِمْ، فَكَتَبَ بِمِثْلِ مَا قُلْنَا","vol":"10","page":120},{"text":"١٣٨٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِي جَامِعِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ بُرْدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نَسِيٍّ، عَنْ غُضَيْفِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عَامِلٌ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: إِنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ قِبَلِنَا يُدْعَوْنَ: السَّامِرَةَ يُسْبِتُونَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ، وَيَقْرَءُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ، وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِيَوْمِ الْبَعْثِ، فَمَا يَرَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي ذَبَائِحِهِمْ؟ قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ:  «هُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ ذَبَائِحُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n١٣٨٩٨ - وَاشْتَرَطَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْجِزْيَةِ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَلَا يُخَالِفُونَ الْيَهُوَدَ وَالنَّصَارَى فِي أَصْلِ الدَّيْنُونَةِ وَإِنْ خَالَفُوهُمْ فِي فَرْعٍ مِنْ دِينِهِمْ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ\n\n١٣٨٩٩ - وَالْأَمْرُ فِي السَّامِرَةِ بَيِّنٌ، وَفِيهِمْ وَرَدَ الْأَثَرُ عَنْ عُمَرَ\n\n١٣٩٠٠ - فَأَمَّا الصَّابِئُونَ فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِينَ تَحِلُّ نِسَاؤُهُمْ وَتُؤْكَلُ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ ⦗١٢٢⦘.\n\n١٣٩٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: هُمْ قَوْمٌ بَيْنَ الْيَهُوَدِ وَالْمَجُوسِ لَا دِينَ لَهُمْ،\n\n١٣٩٠٢ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: هُمْ قَوْمٌ بَيْنَ الْمَجُوسِ وَالْيَهُوَدِ لَا يَحِلُّ نِسَاؤُهُمْ وَلَا تُؤْكَلُ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ\n\n١٣٩٠٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَالْكِتَابُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَيْسُوا بِيَهُوَدَ وَلَا نَصَارَى لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ فَصَلَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِوَاوٍ\n\n١٣٩٠٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ ذَبَائِحَهُمْ وَنِكَاحَ نِسَائِهِمْ\n\n١٣٩٠٥ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: هُمْ قَوْمٌ يَعْبُدُونَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ\n\n١٣٩٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْجِزْيَةِ: فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ يَدِينُ دِينَ الْيَهُوَدِ وَالنَّصَارَى نُكِحَ نِسَاؤُهُ وَأُكِلَتْ ذَبِيحَتُهُ، وَمَنْ دَانَ دِينَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَوِ الْعَجَمِ لَمْ يُنْكَحْ نِسَاؤُهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْكَلْ ذَبِيحَتُهُ","vol":"10","page":121},{"text":"١٣٩٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْجَارِيِّ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ، أَوْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا نَصَارَى ⦗١٢٣⦘ الْعَرَبِ بِأَهْلِ كِتَابٍ، وَمَا يَحِلُّ لَنَا ذَبَائِحُهُمْ، وَمَا أَنَا بِتَارِكِهِمْ حَتَّى يُسْلِمُوا أَوْ أَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ»","vol":"10","page":122},{"text":"١٣٩٠٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبِيدَةَ عَنْ ذَبَائِحِ نَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تَأْكُلْ ذَبَائِحَهُمْ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَتَمَسَّكُوا مِنْ نَصْرَانِيَّتِهِمْ إِلَّا بِشُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ»\n\n١٣٩٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا أَحْفَظُهُ وَلَا أَحْسِبُهُ أَوْ غَيْرَهُ إِلَّا وَقَدْ بَلَغَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁","vol":"10","page":123},{"text":"١٣٩١٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: «لَيْسَ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ بِأَهْلِ كِتَابٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ وَالَّذِينَ جَاءَتْهُمُ التَّوْرَاةُ وَالْإِنْجِيلُ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ دَخَلَ فِيهِمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَلَيْسُوا مِنْهُمْ»\n\n١٣٩١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ مَعْبَدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ امْرَأَةَ حُذَيْقَةَ مَجُوسِيَّةَ، لَا يَصِحُّ، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ أَنَّهُ نَكَحَ يَهُوَدِيَّةً","vol":"10","page":123},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-961>بَابُ نِكَاحِ إِمَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ</span>","vol":"10","page":124},{"text":"١٣٩١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ حَرَائِرَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَاسْتَثْنَى فِي الْإِمَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ أَنْ يُحْلَلْنَ بِأَنْ يَجْمَعَ نَاكِحُهُنَّ: أَنْ لَا يَجِدَ طَوْلًا لِحُرَّةٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَخَافُ الْعَنَتَ فِي تَرْكِ نِكَاحِهِنَّ، وَالْعَنَتُ الزِّنَا، فَزَعَمْنَا أَنْ لَا يَحِلَّ نِكَاحُ أَمَةٍ مُسْلِمَةٍ حَتَّى يَجْمَعَ نَاكِحُهَا الشَّرْطَيْنِ،\n\n١٣٩١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْكِتَابُ كَافٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مِنْ قَوْلِ غَيْرِي، وَقَدْ قَالَهُ غَيْرِي","vol":"10","page":124},{"text":"١٣٩١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ وَجَدَ صَدَاقَ حُرَّةٍ فَلَا يَنْكِحْ أَمَةً»","vol":"10","page":124},{"text":"١٣٩١٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ نِكَاحُ الْحُرِّ الْأَمَةَ وَهُوَ يَجِدُ بِصَدَاقِهَا حُرَّةً»، قُلْتُ: يَخَافُ الزِّنَا؟ قَالَ: «مَا عَلِمْتُهُ يَحِلُّ»","vol":"10","page":124},{"text":"١٣٩١٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَ عَطَاءٌ أَبَا الشَّعْثَاءِ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ، عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْأَمَةِ مَا تَقُولُ فِيهِ؟ أَجَائِزٌ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ:  «لَا يَصْلُحُ الْيَوْمَ نِكَاحُ الْإِمَاءِ»","vol":"10","page":125},{"text":"١٣٩١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ قَالَ:  «لَا يَصْلُحُ نِكَاحُ الْإِمَاءِ الْيَوْمَ لِأَنَّهُ يَجِدُ طَوْلًا إِلَى حُرَّةٍ»\n\n١٣٩١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَالطَّوْلُ هُوَ الصَّدَاقُ","vol":"10","page":125},{"text":"١٣٩١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥]، يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ سِعَةٌ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْحَرَائِرَ فلْيَنْكِحُ مِنْ إِمَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَذَلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ وَهُوَ الْفُجُورُ»،\n\n١٣٩٢٠ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٣٩٢١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَتَزَوَّجُ الْحُرُّ مِنَ الْإِمَاءَ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً","vol":"10","page":125},{"text":"١٣٩٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا أَنَّهُ  «نَهَى أَنْ تُنْكَحَ الْأَمَةُ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ»\n\n١٣٩٢٣ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا","vol":"10","page":126},{"text":"١٣٩٢٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنَ عُمَرَ سُئِلَا عَنْ  «رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ حُرَّةٌ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ عَلَيْهَا أَمَةً فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا»","vol":"10","page":126},{"text":"١٣٩٢٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «لَا تُنْكَحُ الْأَمَةُ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَشَاءَ الْحُرَّةُ، فَإِنْ أَطَاعَتِ الْحُرَّةُ فَلَهَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِنَ الْقَسْمِ»\n\n١٣٩٢٦ - وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا أَوْرَدْنَاهُ إِلْزَامًا لِمَالِكٍ فِيمَا خَالَفَ فِيهِ بَعْضَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ\n\n١٣٩٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يَجُوزُ وَإِنْ رَضِيَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُخَافُ الْعَنَتُ لِلْحُرَّةِ الَّتِي عِنْدَهُ.\n\n١٣٩٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَلَا يَحِلُّ نِكَاحُ أَمَةٍ كِتَابِيَّةٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ بِحَالٍ لِأَنَّهَا دَاخِلَةٌ فِي مَعْنَى مَنْ حَرَّمَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكَاتِ وَغَيْرُ حَلَالٍ مَنْصُوصَةً بِالْإِحْلَالِ كَمَا نَصَّ حَرَائِرَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فِي النِّكَاحِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ نِكَاحَ إِمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ لِمَعْنَيَيْنِ: أَنْ لَا يَجِدُ النَّاكِحُ طَوْلًا لِحُرَّةٍ، وَيَخَافُ الْعَنَتَ، وَالشَّرْطَانِ فِي إِمَاءِ ⦗١٢٧⦘ الْمُسْلِمِينَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ نِكَاحَهُنَّ أُحِلَّ بِمَعْنَى دُونَ مَعْنَى، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ مَنْ خَالَفَهُنَّ مِنْ إِمَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ شَرْطٌ ثَالِثٌ.\n\n١٣٩٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَصْلُحُ نِكَاحُ إِمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥]\n\n١٣٩٣٠ - وَكَذَا قَالَ الْحَسَنُ،\n\n١٣٩٣١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنْ فُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ\n\n١٣٩٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَهُ وَطْءُ الْيَهُوَدِيَّةِ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةِ بِالْمِلْكِ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَطْءُ وَثَنِيَّةٍ وَلَا مَجُوسِيَّةٍ بِمِلْكٍ إِذْ لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ نِكَاحُ حَرَائِرِهِمْ لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ وَطْءُ إِمَائِهِمْ وَذَلِكَ لِلدِّينِ فِيهِنَّ\n\n١٣٩٣٣ - قَالَ: وَلَا أَحْسِبُ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَطَّأَ سَبِيَّةً عَرَبِيَّةً حَتَّى أَسْلَمَتْ، وَإِذَا حَرَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى مَنْ أَسْلَمَ أَنْ يَطَأَ امْرَأَةً وَثَنِيَّةً حَتَّى تُسْلِمَ فِي الْعِدَّةِ دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُوطَأَ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِهَا حَتَّى تُسْلِمَ مِنْ حُرَّةٍ وَأَمَةٍ","vol":"10","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-962>بَابُ التَّعْرِيضِ بِالْخِطْبَةِ</span>\n١٣٩٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٥] الْآيَةَ","vol":"10","page":128},{"text":"١٣٩٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ: كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٥] أَنْ «يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَهِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا مِنْ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا، إِنَّكِ عَلَيَّ لَكَرِيمَةٌ وَإِنِّي فِيكِ لَرَاغِبٌ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَسَائِقٌ إِلَيْكِ خَيْرًا وَرِزْقًا، وَنَحْوَ هَذَا مِنَ الْقَوْلِ»\n\n١٣٩٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالتَّعْرِيضُ الَّذِي أَبَاحَ اللَّهُ مَا عَدَا التَّصْرِيحِ مِنْ قَوْلٍ وَذَلِكَ ⦗١٣٠⦘ أَنْ يَقُولَ: رُبَّ مُتَطَلِّعٌ إِلَيْكِ، وَرَاغِبٌ فِيكِ، وَحَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكِ، وَإِنَّكِ لَبِحَيْثُ تُحِبِّينَ، وَمَا عَلَيْكِ أَيْمَةٌ، وَإِنِّي عَلَيْكِ لَحَرِيصٌ، وَفِيكِ رَاغِبٌ، وَمَا كَانَ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى مِمَّا خَالَفَ التَّصْرِيحَ، وَالتَّصْرِيحُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: تَزَوَّجِينِي إِذَا حَلَلْتِ أَوْ: أَنَا أَتَزَوَّجُكُ إِذَا حَلَلْتِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا مِمَّا جَاوَزَ بِهِ التَّعْرِيضَ وَكَانَ بَيَانًا أَنَّهُ خِطْبَةٌ، لَا أَنَّهُ يَحْتَمِلُ غَيْرَ الْخِطْبَةِ\n\n١٣٩٣٧ - قَالَ: وَالْعِدَّةُ الَّتِي أَذِنَ اللَّهُ بِالتَّعْرِيضِ بِالْخِطْبَةِ فِيهَا الْعِدَّةُ مِنْ وَفَاةِ الزَّوْجِ،\n\n١٣٩٣٨ - وَلَا أُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ فِي الْعِدَّةِ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ الَّذِي لَا يَمْلِكُ فِيهِ الْمُطَلِّقُ الرَّجْعَةَ احْتِيَاطًا،\n\n١٣٩٣٩ - فَأَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ يَمْلِكُ زَوْجُهَا رَجْعَتَهَا فَلَا يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُعَرِّضَ لَهَا بِالْخِطْبَةِ فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ\n\n١٣٩٤٠ - قَالَ: وَالسِّرُ هُوَ الْجِمَاعُ، وَالْجِمَاعُ هُوَ التَّصْرِيحُ مِمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ فِي حَالِهِ تِلْكَ\n\n١٣٩٤١ - قَالَ: وَبُلُوغُ الْكِتَابِ أَجَلَهُ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا ثُمَّ يَعْقِدُ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ شَاءَ وَلَا يُفْسِخُهُ إِسَاءَةٌ تَقَدَّمَتْ مِنْهُ بِالتَّصْرِيحِ بِالْخِطْبَةِ فِي الْعِدَّةِ لِأَنَّ الْخِطْبَةَ غَيْرُ الْعَقْدِ","vol":"10","page":129},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-963>بَابُ النَّهْيِ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ</span>","vol":"10","page":131},{"text":"١٣٩٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَخْطُبُ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ» ⦗١٣٢⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٣٩٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَزَادَ فِيهِ بَعْضُ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ: حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ أَوْ يَتْرُكَ\n\n١٣٩٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ نَافِعًا يُحَدِّثُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِزِيَادَتِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «حَتَّى يَتْرُكَ الْخَاطِبُ قَبْلَهُ»، «أَوْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ الْخَاطِبُ»، وَزَادَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ: «نَهَى أَنْ يَبِيعَ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ","vol":"10","page":131},{"text":"١٣٩٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ الْخَيَّاطِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يَخْطُبَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ حَتَّى يَنْكِحَ أَوْ يَتْرُكَ»","vol":"10","page":132},{"text":"١٣٩٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا يَخْطُبُ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ» ⦗١٣٣⦘، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"10","page":132},{"text":"١٣٩٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَخْطُبُ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ»","vol":"10","page":133},{"text":"١٣٩٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ مَوْلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا طَلَّقَهَا فَبَتَّهَا، فَأَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، وَقَالَ: «فَإِذَا حَلَلْتِ فَآذِنِينِي» قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا حَلَلْتُ أَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَبَا جَهْمٍ خَطَبَانِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَمَّا مُعَاوِيَةُ فَصُعْلُوكٌ لَا مَالَ لَهُ، وَأَمَّا أَبُو جَهْمٍ فَلَا يَضَعُ عَصَاهُ عَنْ عَاتِقِهِ، انْكِحِي أُسَامَةَ» قَالَتْ: فَكَرِهْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «انْكِحِي أُسَامَةَ»، فَنَكَحْتُهُ فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا وَاغْتَبَطْتُ بِهِ ⦗١٣٤⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٣٩٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَكَانَ بَيِّنًا أَنَّ الْحَالَ الَّتِي خَطَبَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَى أُسَامَةَ غَيْرُ الْحَالِ الَّتِي نَهَى عَنِ الْخِطْبَةِ فِيهَا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَخْطُوبَةِ حَالَانِ مُخْتَلِفَيِ الْحُكْمِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَأْذَنَ الْمَخْطُوبَةَ بِإِنْكَاحِ رَجُلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ فَيَكُونَ لِلْوَلِيِّ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا جَازَ النِّكَاحُ عَلَيْهَا، وَلَا يَكُونُ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَخْطُبَهَا فِي هَذِهِ الْحَالِ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ الْخَاطِبُ أَوْ يَتْرُكَ خِطْبَتَهَا، وَهَذَا بَيِّنٌ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ قَالَ: وَقَدْ أَعْلَمَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ أَبَا جَهْمٍ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ خَطَبَاهَا وَلَا شَكَّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ خِطْبَةَ أَحَدِهِمَا بَعْدَ خِطْبَةِ الْآخَرِ فَلَمْ يَنْهَهُمَا وَلَا وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا، وَلَمْ تُعْلِمْهُ أَنَّهَا أَذِنَتْ فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فَخَطَبَهَا عَلَى أُسَامَةَ\n\n١٣٩٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَخْطُبُ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ»، عَلَى جَوَابِ السَّائِلِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فَيَكُونُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَطَبَ امْرَأَةً فَرَضِيَتْ وَأَذِنَتْ فِي إِنْكَاحِهِ فَخَطَبَهَا أَرْجَحُ عِنْدَهَا مِنْهُ، فَرَجَعَتْ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ الَّذِي أَذِنَتْ فِي إِنْكَاحِهِ فَنُهِيَ عَنْ خِطْبَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ بِهَذِهِ الْحَالِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَمَّنْ أَذِنَتْ فِي إِنْكَاحِهِ وَلَا يَنْكِحُهَا مَنْ رَجَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَيَكُونُ هَذَا فَسَادًا عَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى خَاطِبِهَا الَّذِي أَذِنَتْ فِي إِنْكَاحِهِ وَأَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا فِي مَوَاضِعَ مِنْ كُتَبِهِ","vol":"10","page":133},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-964>بَابُ نِكَاحِ الْمُشْرِكِ</span>","vol":"10","page":135},{"text":"١٣٩٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ أَحْسِبُهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ غَيْلَانَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ أَسْلَمَ وَعِنْدَهُ عَشَرُ نِسْوَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَمْسِكْ أَرْبَعًا وَفَارِقْ سَائِرَهُنَّ» ⦗١٣٦⦘\n\n١٣٩٥٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَى الْبَصْرِيُّونَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، مِنْهُمْ: ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ غُنْدَرٌ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مَوْصُولًا، وَقَالُوا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَخْتَارَ مِنْهُنَّ أَرْبَعًا أَوْ مَا يَكُونُ، هَذَا مَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٣٩٥٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، مَوْصُولًا، وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ، وَعِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ كُوفِيُّونَ،\n\n١٣٩٥٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُوسَى، وَهُوَ خُرَاسَانِيُّ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، مَوْصُولًا، وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُوسَى، «فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُمْسِكَ أَرْبَعًا وَيُفَارِقَ سَائِرَهُنَّ»،\n\n١٣٩٥٥ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١٣٩٥٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، مُرْسَلًا","vol":"10","page":135},{"text":"١٣٩٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ أَسْلَمَ وَعِنْدَهُ عَشَرُ نِسْوَةٍ: «أَمْسِكْ أَرْبَعًا وَفَارِقْ سَائِرَهُنَّ»\n\n١٣٩٥٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٣٩٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي سُوَيْدٍ،\n\n١٣٩٦٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَقِيلٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي سُوَيْدٍ،\n\n١٣٩٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي سُوَيْدٍ","vol":"10","page":136},{"text":"١٣٩٦٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَةٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَسَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ غَيْلَانَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ عَشْرُ نِسْوَةٍ فَأَسْلَمَ وَأَسْلَمْنَ مَعَهُ،  «فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَخْتَارَ مِنْهُنَّ أَرْبَعًا»\n\n١٣٩٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بُرَيْدٍ عَمْرُو بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْجَرْمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَيْفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سِرَارُ بْنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَسَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٣٩٦٤ - قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ سِرَارُ بْنُ مُجَشِّرٍ وَهُوَ بَصْرِيُّ ثِقَةٌ،\n\n١٣٩٦٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ السُّمَيْدَعُ بْنُ وَاهِبِ، عَنْ سِرَارٍ،\n\n١٣٩٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ الدُّورِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ سِرَارِ بْنِ مُجَشِّرٍ فَقَالَ: ثِقَةٌ","vol":"10","page":137},{"text":"١٣٩٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ ابْنَ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الدِّيلِيِّ قَالَ: أَسْلَمْتُ وَعِنْدِي خَمْسُ نِسْوَةٍ فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَمْسِكْ أَرْبَعًا أَيَّتَهُنَّ شِئْتَ وَفَارِقِ الْأُخْرَى»، فَعَمَدْتُ إِلَى أَقْدَمِهِنَّ صُحْبَةً عَجُوزٍ عَاقِرٍ مَعِي مُنْذُ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً فَطَلَّقْتُهَا ⦗١٣٨⦘\n\n١٣٩٦٨ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ","vol":"10","page":137},{"text":"١٣٩٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَهْبٍ الْجَيْشَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي خِرَاشٍ، عَنِ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ، أَوْ عَنِ ابْنِ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ قَالَ: أَسْلَمْتُ وَتَحْتِي أُخْتَانِ، فَسَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ؟  «فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُمْسِكَ أَيَّتَهُمَا شِئْتُ وَأُفَارِقُ الْأُخْرَى»\n\n١٣٩٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَهْبٍ الْجَيْشَانِيِّ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ وَتَحْتِي أُخْتَانِ قَالَ: «طَلِّقْ أَيَّتَهُمَا شِئْتَ»،\n\n١٣٩٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَيُّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٣٩٧٢ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَتَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي وَهْبٍ الْجَيْشَانِيِّ ⦗١٣٩⦘،\n\n١٣٩٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَوْ قَيْسِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ غَيْلَانَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ،\n\n١٣٩٧٤ - وَهَذَا الْحُكْمُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامٌ فِيمَا بَيَّنَ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي وَالتَّفسِيرِ،\n\n١٣٩٧٥ - وَذَهَبَ بَعْضُ مَنْ خَالَفَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنَّ عُقُودَهُمْ كَانَتْ فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ فِيهِ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ أَكْثَرِ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ وَعُقُودُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ الْآنَ كُلُّهَا بَعْدَ التَّحْرِيمِ وَهَذَا إِقْرَارٌ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ وَهُوَ يُنْقَضُ بِالْوَلِيِّ وَالشُّهُوَدِ وَالْخُلُوِّ مِنَ الْعِدَّةِ، فَإِنَّ كُلَّ ذَلِكَ وَجَبَ بِالشَّرْعِ وَعُقُودُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ تَخْلُوَ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ وَجَوبِهِ وَلَا يُحْكَمُ بِبُطْلَانِهَا إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا،\n\n١٣٩٧٦ - وَنَقُولُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَهُوَ أَنَّ فِي الْعَقْدِ شَيْئَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا: الْعَقْدُ الْفَائِتُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَالْآخَرُ: الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي تَبْقَى بِالْعَقْدِ وَالْفَائِتُ لَا يُرَدُّ إِذَا كَانَ الْبَاقِي بِالْفَائِتِ يَصْلُحُ بِحَالٍ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ كَحُكْمِ اللَّهِ فِي الرِّبَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٨]\n\n١٣٩٧٧ - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا إِبَاحَةَ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ أَكْثَرِ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ مُثْبَتَةٌ فِي شَرْعِنَا، ثُمَّ لَوْ كَانَتْ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَفْصَلَ حَالَ عُقُودِهِمْ أَكَانَتْ قَبْلَ التَّحْرِيمِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"10","page":138},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-965>لَا يَنْفَسِخُ النِّكَاحُ إِذَا أَسْلَمَ أَحَدُهُمَا بِاخْتِلَافِ الدَّارِ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِي عِدَّتُهَا</span>\n١٣٩٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ بِمَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ وَهِيَ دَارُ خُزَاعَةَ، وَخُزَاعَةُ مُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ فِي دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَامْرَأَتُهُ هِنْدُ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ كَافِرَةٌ بِمَكَّةَ، وَمَكَّةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ دَارُ حَرْبٍ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهَا يَدَعُوهَا إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَأَخَذَتْ بِلِحْيَتِهِ وَقَالَتِ: اقْتُلُوا الشَّيْخَ الضَّالَّ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَتْ هِنْدٌ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بِأَيَّامٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَقَدْ كَانَتْ كَافِرَةٌ مُقِيمَةٌ بِدَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَزَوْجُهَا مُسْلِمٌ فِي دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَرَجَعَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَهِنْدُ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ مُقِيمَةٌ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَهِيَ فِي دَارِ حَرْبٍ، ثُمَّ صَارَتْ مَكَّةُ دَارَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ بِهَا مُسْلِمٌ وَهِنْدٌ كَافِرَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ، فَاسْتَقَرَّا عَلَى النِّكَاحِ؛ لِأَنَّ عِدَّتَهَا لَمْ تَنْقَضِ حَتَّى أَسْلَمَتْ،\n\n١٣٩٧٩ - كَذَلِكَ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ وَإِسْلَامِهِ،\n\n١٣٩٨٠ - وَأَسْلَمَتِ امْرَأَةُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَامْرَأَةُ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ بِمَكَّةَ ⦗١٤١⦘، وَصَارَتْ دَارُهُمَا دَارَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَظَهَرَ حُكْمُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهَرَبَ عِكْرِمَةُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَهِيَ دَارُ حَرْبٍ، وَصَفْوَانُ يُرِيدُ الْيَمَنَ وَهِيَ دَارُ حَرْبٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ صَفْوَانُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَهِيَ دَارُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَشَهِدَ حُنَيْنًا وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ فَاسْتَقَرَّتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَرَجَعَ عِكْرِمَةُ فَأَسْلَمَ فَاسْتَقَرَّتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عِدَّتَهَا لَمْ تَنْقَضِ،\n\n١٣٩٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَحَكِيمٍ وَأَزْوَجِهِمَا، وَأَمْرِ صَفْوَانَ وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَأَزْوَجِهِمَا أَمْرٌ مَعْرُوفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي،\n\n١٣٩٨٢ - وَقَدْ حَفِظَ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ بِمَكَّةَ فَأَسْلَمَتْ وَهَاجَرَتْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَدِمَ زَوْجُهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ، فَأَسْلَمَ فَاسْتَقَرَّا عَلَى النِّكَاحِ","vol":"10","page":140},{"text":"١٣٩٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: إِنَّ مَالِكًا أَخْبَرَنَا وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ «صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ هَرَبَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ ثُمَّ جَاءَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَشَهِدَ حُنَيْنًا وَالطَّائِفَ مُشْرِكًا وَامْرَأَتُهُ مَسْلِمَةٌ، وَاسْتَقَرَّا عَلَى النِّكَاحِ» فَقَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَكَانَ بَيْنَ إِسْلَامِ صَفْوَانَ وَامْرَأَتِهِ نَحْوٌ مِنْ شَهْرٍ","vol":"10","page":141},{"text":"١٣٩٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ \" أَنَّ نِسَاءً كُنَّ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَسْلَمْنَ بِأَرْضِهِنَّ وَهُنَّ غَيْرُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ وَأَزْوَاجُهُنَّ حِينَ أَسْلَمْنَ كُفَّارٌ، مِنْهُنَّ: ابْنَةُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ فَأَسْلَمَتْ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَشَهِدَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الطَّائِفَ، وَحُنَيْنًا وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ وَامْرَأَتُهُ ⦗١٤٢⦘ مُسْلِمَةٌ، وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ وَاسْتَقَرَّتِ امْرَأَتُهُ عِنْدَهُ بِذَلِكَ النِّكَاحِ،\n\n١٣٩٨٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: كَانَ بَيْنَ إِسْلَامِ صَفْوَانَ وَامْرَأَتِهِ نَحْوٌ مِنْ شَهْرٍ","vol":"10","page":141},{"text":"١٣٩٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ «أُمَّ حَكِيمٍ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، فَأَسْلَمَتْ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَهَرَبَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَبَايَعَهُ فَثَبَتَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ النِّكَاحِ»","vol":"10","page":142},{"text":"١٣٩٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا «أَنَّ امْرَأَةً هَاجَرَتْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَزَوْجُهَا كَافِرٌ مُقِيمٌ بِدَارِ الْكُفْرِ إِلَّا فَرَّقَتْ هِجْرَتُهَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ زَوْجِهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَقْدَمَ زَوْجُهَا مُهَاجِرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا»\n\n١٣٩٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ،. . . فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"10","page":142},{"text":"١٣٩٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ  «رَدَّ زَيْنَبَ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ» ⦗١٤٣⦘\n\n١٣٩٩٠ - فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ ﵀، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: هَذَا لَا يَثْبُتُ، وَحَجَّاجٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَالصَّوَابُ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"10","page":142},{"text":"١٣٩٩١ - يُرِيدُ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «رَدَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ابْنَتَهُ زَيْنَبَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ وَلَمْ يُحْدِثْ نِكَاحًا»\n\n١٣٩٩٢ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَصَحُّ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ\n\n١٣٩٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ بْنَ أَرْطَأَةَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عَمْرٍو، وَالْحَجَّاجُ مَشْهُوَرٌ بِالتَّدْلِيسِ\n\n١٣٩٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَاحْتِجَاجُ الطَّحَاوِيِّ، رَحَمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ، عَلَى وَهَنِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْيَهُوَدِيَّةِ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ تَكُونُ تَحْتَ الْيَهُوَدِيِّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ فَتُسْلِمُ قَالَ: «يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا، الْإِسْلَامُ يَعْلُو وَلَا يُعْلَى»، لَا يَصِحُّ،\n\n١٣٩٩٥ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنَّهَا لَا تَقَرُّ تَحْتَ الْيَهُوَدِيِّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ كَالْيَهُوَدِيِّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ يُسْلِمُ وَتَحْتَهُ يَهُوَدِيَّةٌ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ، فَتَقِرُّ عِنْدَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ ⦗١٤٤⦘ الْإِسْلَامَ يَعْلُو وَلَا يُعْلَى، هَذَا هُوَ الْمَقْصُودُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ ثُمَّ مَتَى يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا لَيْسَ لَهُ ذِكْرٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"10","page":143},{"text":"١٣٩٩٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ  «إِذَا هَاجَرَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْحَرْبِ لَمْ تُخْطَبْ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ وَتَطهُرَ، فَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ حَلَّ لَهَا النِّكَاحُ، فَإِنْ هَاجَرَ زَوْجُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْكِحَ رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ»\n\n١٣٩٩٧ - وَهَذَا الْمَذْهَبُ يُوَافِقُ مَا رَوَى هُوَ فِي شَأْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، وَتَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ مَقْصُودَهُ بِمَا رَوَى أَيُّوبُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مَعَ مَا فِيهِ مِنْ بُطْلَانِ قَوْلِ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى قَطْعَ الْعِصْمَةِ بِنَفْسِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٣٩٩٨ - وَمَنِ ادَّعَى النَّسْخَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ، وَحِينَ أُسِرَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ وَإِنَّمَا أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَمَا أَحْدَثَ سَرِيَّةَ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ مَا مَعَهُ قُتِلَ أَبُو نُصَيْرٍ فَأَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَجَارَتْهُ زَيْنَبُ فَأَنْفَذْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جِوَارَهَا وَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: «أَكْرِمِي مَثْوَاهُ وَلَا يَخْلُصْ إِلَيْكِ فَإِنَّكِ لَا تَحِلِّينَ لَهُ»، فَكَانَ هَذَا بَعْدَ نُزُولِ آيَةِ الِامْتِحَانِ فِي الْهُدْنَةِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ رَجَعَ بِمَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ بَضَائِعِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ وَخَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَكَيْفَ يَصِحُّ مَا رَوَى فِيهِ هَذَا الْمُدَّعِي عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ أُخِذَ أَسِيرًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ ابْنَتَهُ وَكَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْفَرَائِضِ؟\n\n١٣٩٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي قِصَّةِ بَدْرٍ أَنَّهُ أَطْلَقَهُ وَشَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَيْهِ ابْنَتَهُ وَذَاكَ أَنَّ ابْنَتَهُ كَانَتْ بِمَكَّةَ، فَلَمَّا أُسِرَ أَبُو الْعَاصِ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ أَطْلَقَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنَتَهُ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَهُ بِزَمَانٍ، هَذَا هُوَ الْمَعْرُوفُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗١٤٥⦘،\n\n١٤٠٠٠ - وَمَا رَوَاهُ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَقَتَادَةَ، مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالَّذِي حَكَاهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَكَابِرِهِمْ فِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رَدِّ ابْنَتِهِ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَاصِ، بِأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو عَلِمَ بِتَحْرِيمِ اللَّهِ ﷿ رُجُوعَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ، فَقَالَ: رَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِتَحْرِيمِ اللَّهِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ حِينَ عَلِمَ بِرَدِّ زَيْنَبَ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَاصِ فَقَالَ: رَدَّهَا بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَسْخُ نِكَاحٍ،\n\n١٤٠٠١ - فَلَعَمْرِي إِنَّ هَذَا لَسُوءُ ظَنٍّ بِالصَّحَابَةِ وَرُوَاةِ الْأَخْبَارِ حَيْثُ نَسَبَهُمْ إِلَى أَنَّهُمْ يَرْوونَ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى مَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ غَيْرِ سَمَاعٍ لَهُ مِنْ أَحَدٍ، وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو لَمْ يُثْبِتْهُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ،\n\n١٤٠٠٢ - وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَالظَّنُّ بِهِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَقْدَ نِكَاحٍ لَمْ يُثْبِتْهُ لِشُهُوَدِهِ أَوْ شُهُوَدِ مَنْ يَثِقُ بِهِ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لَا يَقُولُ رَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ وَلَمْ يُحْدِثْ شَيْئًا وَهُوَ لَا يُحِيطُ عِلْمًا بِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ بِمَنْ يَثِقُ بِهِ بِكَيْفِيَّةِ الرَّدِّ، وَكَيْفَ يَشْتَبِهُ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ نُزُولُ الْآيَةِ فِي الْمُمْتَحَنَةِ قَبْلَ رَدِّهِ ابْنَتَهُ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَاصِ وَإِنِ اشْتَبَهَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ فِي زَمَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِصِغَرِهِ أَفَيَشْتَبِهُ عَلَيْهِ وَقْتُ نُزُولِهَا حِينَ رَوَى هَذَا الْخَبَرَ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ مَنَازِلَ الْقُرْآنِ وَتَأوِيلِهِ؟ هَذَا أَمْرٌ بَعِيدٌ،\n\n١٤٠٠٣ - وَلَوْ صَحَّ الْحَدِيثَانِ لَقُلْنَا بِحَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو؛ لِأَنَّهُ زَائِدٌ فَلَمَّا وَجَدْنَا حُفَّاظَ الْحَدِيثِ لَا يُثْبِتُونَهُ تَرَكْنَاهُ، وَقُلْنَا بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَعَ مَا سَبَقَ ذِكْرَهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي فِي أَمْرِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ،\n\n١٤٠٠٤ - فَإِنْ زَعَمَ قَائِلٌ أَنَّ فِيَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: رَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ سَنَتَيْنِ وَالْعِدَّةُ لَا تَبْقَى فِي الْغَالِبِ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةَ قُلْنَا: النِّكَاحُ كَانَ ثَابِتًا إِلَى وَقْتِ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فِي الْمُمْتَحَنَةِ لَمْ يُؤْثَرْ إِسْلَامُهَا وَبَقَاؤُهُ عَلَى الْكُفْرِ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ صُلْحِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ تَوَقَّفَ نِكَاحُهَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ عَلَى انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ ثُمَّ ⦗١٤٦⦘ كَانَ إِسْلَامُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِزَمَانٍ يَسِيرٍ بِحَيْثُ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عِدَّتُهَا لَمْ تَنْقَضِ فِي الْغَالِبِ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الرَّدُّ بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ كَانَ لِأَجَلِ ذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٤٠٠٥ - وَصَاحِبُنَا إِنَّمَا اعْتَمَدَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا نَقَلَهُ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي فِي أَمْرِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"10","page":144},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-966>نِكَاحُ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ وَطَلَاقُهُمْ</span>\n١٤٠٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَإِذْ أَثْبَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نِكَاحَ الشِّرْكِ وَأَقَرَّ أَهْلَهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ يُجَزْ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُثْبِتَ طَلَاقَ الشِّرْكِ؛ لِأَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ يَثْبُتُ بِثُبُوتِ النِّكَاحِ، وَيَسْقُطُ بِسُقُوطِهِ،\n\n١٤٠٠٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي وُقُوعِ التَّحْلِيلِ بِنِكَاحِهِمْ بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجَمَ يَهُوَدِيَّيْنِ زَنَيَا قَالَ: فَقَدْ زَعَمْنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ نِكَاحَهَا تَحْصِينَهَا فَكَيْفَ يَذْهَبُ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَا يُحِلُّهَا وَهُوَ يُحْصِنُهَا","vol":"10","page":147},{"text":"١٤٠٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ السَّمْتِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي فِي الشِّرْكِ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ وَفِي الْإِسْلَامِ تَطْلِيقَةً، فَأَلْزَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الطَّلَاقَ \"\n\n١٤٠٠٩ - يُوسُفُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗١٤٨⦘، وَاعْتِمَادُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي هَذَا عَلَى مَا مَضَى دُونَ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ","vol":"10","page":147},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-967>إِتْيَانُ الْحَائِضِ</span>\n١٤٠١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٢]\n⦗١٥٠⦘\n\n١٤٠١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: احْتَمَلَ اعْتِزَالُهُنَّ اعْتِزَالَ جَمِيعِ أَبْدَانِهِنَّ، وَاحْتَمَلَ بَعْضَ أَبْدَانِهِنَّ دُونَ بَعْضٍ،\n\n١٤٠١٢ - فَاسْتَدْلَلْتُ بِالسُّنَّةِ عَلَى مَا أَرَادَ مِنِ اعْتِزَالِهِنَّ، فَقُلْتُ بِهِ كَمَا بَيَّنَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"10","page":149},{"text":"١٤٠١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَتَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُبَاشِرُ نِسَاءَهُ فَوْقَ الْإِزَارِ وَهُنَّ حُيَّضٌ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ،\n\n١٤٠١٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيمَا يَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ؟ قَالَ: «مَا فَوْقَ الْإِزَارِ»، وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ: «لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا تَحْتَهُ»","vol":"10","page":150},{"text":"١٤٠١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ⦗١٥١⦘ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ يَسْأَلُهَا هَلْ يُبَاشِرُ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ؟ فَقَالَتْ: «لِتَشْدُدْ إِزَارَهَا عَلَى أَسْفَلِهَا ثُمَّ يُبَاشِرُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ»\n\n١٤٠١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: رُوِّينَا خِلَافُ مَا رُوِّيتُمْ فَرُوِّينَا: أَنْ يَخْلُفَ مَوْضِعَ الدَّمِ، ثُمَّ يَنَالَ مَا شَاءَ، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا لَا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"10","page":150},{"text":"١٤٠١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ مِنَ الْحَائِضِ شَيْئًا أَلْقَى عَلَى فَرْجِهَا ثَوْبًا \"\n\n١٤٠١٨ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ كَالْمُتَوَقِّفِ فِي رِوَايَاتِ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «جَامِعُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ وَاصْنَعُوا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ غَيْرَ النِّكَاحِ» ⦗١٥٢⦘، فَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ إِبَاحَةُ مُؤَاكَلَتِهِنَّ وَتَرْكِ اعْتِزَالِهِنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ وَقَدْ تُسَمَّى الْإِصَابَةُ فِيمَا دُونَ الْفَرَجِ جِمَاعًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٤٠١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ أَتَى رَجُلٌ امْرَأَتَهُ حَائِضًا أَوْ بَعْدَ تَوْلِيَةِ الدَّمِ وَلَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ فَلْيَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَلَا يَعُدْ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ لَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا أَخَذْنَا بِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ لَا يُثْبَتُ مِثْلَهُ وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا","vol":"10","page":151},{"text":"١٤٠٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الَّذِي يَأْتِي امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ قَالَ: «يَتَصَدَّقُ بِدِينَارٍ أَوْ بِنِصْفِ دِينَارٍ»،\n\n١٤٠٢١ - رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَرُبَّمَا لَمَ يَرْفَعْهُ شُعْبَةُ، وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَفَّانُ وَجَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ مَوْقُوفًا، وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ مَوْقُوفًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِشُعْبَةَ: إِنَّكَ كُنْتَ تَرْفَعُهُ قَالَ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ مَجْنُونًا فَصَحِحْتُ، فَرَجَعَ عَنْ رَفْعِهِ بَعْدَ مَا كَانَ يَرْفَعُهُ","vol":"10","page":152},{"text":"١٤٠٢٢ - وَرَوَى يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِخُمُسَيْ دِينَارٍ» وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٤٠٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بِنِصْفِ دِينَارٍ»، وَكَانَ شَرِيكٌ يَشُكُّ فِي رَفْعِهِ،\n\n١٤٠٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَذِيمَةَ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١٤٠٢٥ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ أَبُو أُمَيَّةَ تَارَةً عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، وَتَارَةً عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «بِدِينَارٍ أَوْ بِنِصْفِ دِينَارٍ»، وَعَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ،\n\n١٤٠٢٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا، وَيَعْقُوبُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ ⦗١٥٤⦘،\n\n١٤٠٢٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا: «يَتَصَدَّقُ بِدِينَارٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَنِصْفُ دِينَارٍ»، وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"10","page":153},{"text":"١٤٠٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ظُفُرٍ عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ مُطَهَّرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ الْبُنَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَصَابَهَا فِي الدَّمِ فَدِينَارٌ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فِي انْقِطَاعِ الدَّمِ فَنِصْفُ دِينَارٍ» وَهَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ،\n\n١٤٠٢٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رَفَعَهُ،\n\n١٤٠٣٠ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، فَجَعَلَ التَّفْسِيرَ لِمِقْسَمٍ،\n\n١٤٠٣١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا الِاسْتِغْفَارُ","vol":"10","page":154},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-968>إِتْيَانُ النِّسَاءِ قَبْلَ إِحْدَاثِ غُسْلٍ أَوْ وُضُوءٍ</span>","vol":"10","page":155},{"text":"١٤٠٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَدْ رَوَى قَتَادَةُ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ طَافَ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ بِغُسْلٍ وَاحِدٍ»،\n\n١٤٠٣٣ - وَهَذَا يَرْوِيهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ","vol":"10","page":155},{"text":"١٤٠٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَطُوفُ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ فِي غُسْلٍ وَاحِدٍ»،\n\n١٤٠٣٥ - أَبُو الْخَطَّابِ هَذَا: قَتَادَةُ، وَأَبُو عُرْوَةَ هَذَا: مَعْمَرٌ","vol":"10","page":155},{"text":"١٤٠٣٦ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ ⦗١٥٦⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ فِي غُسْلٍ وَاحِدٍ»\n\n١٤٠٣٧ - قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: وَلَكِنَّا لَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَوَضَّأُ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٤٠٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَشَرَطَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ذَلِكَ فِي الْحَرَائِرِ إِذَا حَلَّلْتَهُ، وَأَسْتَحِبُ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ وُضُوءًا كُلَّمَا أَرَادَ إِتْيَانَ وَاحِدَةٍ لِمَعْنَيَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَّهُ رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِمَّا لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ، وَالْآخَرُ: أَنَّهُ أَنْظَفُ،\n\n١٤٠٣٩ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِيهِ لَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَأَمَّا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فَإِنَّهُ أَثْبَتَهُ وَأَخْرَجَهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"10","page":155},{"text":"١٤٠٤٠ - وَهُوَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُكُمْ أَهْلَهُ، ثُمَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعُودَ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ،\n\n١٤٠٤١ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «فَإِنَّهُ أَنْشَطُ لِلْعَوْدِ»","vol":"10","page":156},{"text":"١٤٠٤٢ - وَلَعَلَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ سَلْمَى، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ طَافَ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ أَجْمَعَ فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ يَغْتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ غُسْلًا، فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَهَلَّا غُسْلًا وَاحِدًا؟ قَالَ: «هَذَا أَطْيَبُ وَأَزْكَى» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا فِي الْغُسْلِ وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ لَمْ يُثْبِتُوهُ،\n\n١٤٠٤٣ - وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَحَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ أَصَحُّ مِنْ هَذَا\n\n١٤٠٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ قَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ مِنْهُمْ هِشَامُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي رَافِعٍ خَبَرٌ عَنْ حَالَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَحَدِيثُ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ خَبَرٌ عَنْ أَكْثَرِ الْأَحْوَالِ، فَهُمَا لَا يَتَنَافَيَانِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٤٠٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أخبرنا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَكْرَهُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَطَأَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَامْرَأَتُهُ الْأُخْرَى تَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ جَارِيَتُهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ السِّتْرِ وَلَا مَحْمُودِ الْأَخْلَاقِ وَلَا يُشْبِهُ الْعِشْرَةَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَقَدْ أُمِرَ أَنْ يُعَاشِرَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ⦗١٥٨⦘\n\n١٤٠٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُجَامِعُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَالْأُخْرَى تَسْمَعُ قَالَ: كَانُوا يَكْرَهُوَنَ الْوَجَسَ وَهُوَ الصَّوْتُ الْخَفِيُّ","vol":"10","page":157},{"text":"١٤٠٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ ذِكْرِ الرَّجُلِ إِصَابَتَهُ أَهْلَهُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْأَمَانَةِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ الرَّجُلُ يُفْضِي إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ وَتُفْضِي إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يُفْشِي سِرَّهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ الْعُمَرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ","vol":"10","page":158},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-969>بَابُ إِتْيَانِ النِّسَاءِ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ</span>\n١٤٠٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٣]،\n\n١٤٠٤٩ - فَاحْتَمَلَتِ الْآيَةُ مَعْنَيَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنْ تُؤْتَى الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ حَيْثُ شَاءَ زَوْجُهَا؛ لِأَنَّ ﴿أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٣] تُبَيِّنُ أَيْنَ شِئْتُمْ لَا مَحْظُورَ مِنْهَا كَمَا لَا مَحْظُورَ مِنَ الْحَرْثِ ⦗١٦٠⦘، وَاحْتَمَلَتْ أَنَّ الْحَرْثَ إِنَّمَا يُرَادُ بِهِ النَّبَاتُ وَمَوْضِعُ الْحَرْثِ الَّذِي يَطْلَبُ بِهِ الْوَلَدُ الْفَرَجُ دُونَ مَا سِوَاهُ لَا سَبِيلَ لِطَلَبِ الْوَلَدِ غَيْرُهُ،\n\n١٤٠٥٠ - فَاخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي إِتْيَانِ النِّسَاءِ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ، فَذَهَبَ ذَاهِبُونَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى إِحْلَالِهِ، وَآخَرُونَ إِلَى تَحْرِيمِهِ، وَأَحْسِبُ كِلَا الْفَرِيقَيْنِ تَأَوَّلُوا مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنَ احْتِمَالِ الْآيَةِ عَلَى مُوَافَقَةِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا،\n\n١٤٠٥١ - فَطَلَبْنَا الدَّلَالَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَجَدْنَا حَدِيثَيْنِ","vol":"10","page":159},{"text":"١٤٠٥٢ - أَحَدُهُمَا ثَابِتٌ وَهُوَ حَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ تَقُولُ: مَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَتَهُ فِي قُبُلِهَا مِنْ دُبُرِهَا جَاءَ وَلَدُهُ أَحْوَلُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٣]\n⦗١٦١⦘ \" قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ","vol":"10","page":160},{"text":"١٤٠٥٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ: وَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ الْحَوَلُ إِذَا أَتَى الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ مِنْ خَلْفِهَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٣]، مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهَا، وَمِنْ خَلْفِهَا، وَلَا يَأْتِيهَا إِلَّا فِي الْمَأْتَى \"\n\n١٤٠٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ،\n\n١٤٠٥٥ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «غَيْرَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي صِمَامٍ وَاحِدٍ»","vol":"10","page":161},{"text":"١٤٠٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيّ ٍبْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُحَيْحَةَ بْنِ الْجُلَاحِ، أَوْ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ فُلَانِ بْنِ أُحَيْحَةَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَنَا شَكَكْتُ، عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ إِتْيَانِ النِّسَاءِ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ أَوْ إِتْيَانِ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي دُبُرِهَا؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «حَلَالٌ»، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى الرَّجُلُ دَعَاهُ أَوْ أَمَرَ بِهِ ⦗١٦٢⦘، فَدُعِيَ، فَقَالَ: «كَيْفَ؟ قُلْتُ فِي أَيِّ الْخُرْبَتَيْنِ أَوْ فِي أَيِّ الْخُرْزَتَيْنِ أَوْ فِي أَيِّ الْخُصْفَتَيْنِ أَمِنْ دُبُرِهَا فِي قُبُلِهَا فَنَعَمْ، أَمِنْ دُبُرِهَا فِي دُبُرِهَا فَلَا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ»\n\n١٤٠٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ فَمَا تَقُولُ؟ قُلْتُ: عَمِّي ثِقَةٌ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ثِقَةٌ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ، عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ الْمُحَدِّثِ بِهِ أَنَّهُ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا، وَخُزَيْمَةُ مِمَّنْ لَا يَشُكُّ عَالِمٌ فِي ثِقَتِهِ، فَلَسْتُ أُرَخِّصُ فِيهِ بَلْ أَنْهَى عَنْهُ\n\n١٤٠٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَابَعَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَقَالَ: عَمْرُو بْنُ أُحَيْحَةَ بْنِ الْجُلَاحِ، وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ،\n\n١٤٠٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٣]، وَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ مَوْضِعَ الْحَرْثِ مَوْضِعُ الْوَلَدِ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَبَاحَ الْإِتْيَانَ فِيهِ إِلَّا فِي وَقْتِ الْمَحِيضِ و﴿أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٣]: مِنْ أَيْنَ شِئْتُمْ،\n\n١٤٠٦٠ - قَالَ: وَإِبَاحَةُ الْإِتْيَانِ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْحَرْثِ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَحْرِيمُ إِتْيَانِ غَيْرِهِ، فَالْإِتْيَانُ فِي الدُّبُرِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ مِنْهُ مَبْلَغَ الْإِتْيَانِ فِي الْقُبُلِ مُحَرَّمٌ بِدَلَالَةِ الْكِتَابِ ثُمَّ السُّنَّةِ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"10","page":161},{"text":"١٤٠٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ «يُحَرِّمُ إِتْيَانَ النِّسَاءِ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ» ⦗١٦٣⦘\n\n١٤٠٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَأَمَّا الْحِكَايَةُ الَّتِي أَخْبَرَنَا بِهَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ فِيهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ - فِي التَّحْرِيمِ وَالتَّحْلِيلِ - حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ، وَالْقِيَاسُ أَنَّهُ حَلَالٌ، وَقَدْ غَلَطَ سُفْيَانُ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ","vol":"10","page":162},{"text":"١٤٠٦٣ - فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ»\n\n١٤٠٦٤ - هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى ابْنِ الْهَادِ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ هَرَمِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْوَاقِفِيِّ، عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثُمَّ اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْخَطْمِيِّ، عَنْ هَرَمِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَقِيلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَرَمِيٍّ، فَمَدَارُهُ عَلَى هَرَمِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَلَيْسَ لِعُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ فِيهِ أَصْلٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يَرَوْنَهُ خَطَأً، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٤٠٦٥ - وَهَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةُ مُنَاظَرَةٌ جَرَتْ بَيْنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَبَيْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَفِي سِيَاقِهَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَصَدَ بِمَا قَالَ الذَّبَّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْجَدَلِ،\n\n١٤٠٦٦ - فَأَمَّا هُوَ فَقَدْ نَصَّ فِي كِتَابِ عِشْرَةِ النِّسَاءِ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِهِ","vol":"10","page":163},{"text":"١٤٠٦٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ الْجَيْشَانِيِّ الْهُجَيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ ⦗١٦٤⦘ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَتَهُ فِي دُبُرِهَا أَوْ حَائِضًا أَوْ صَدَّقَ كَاهِنًا فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْعَوْذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيٌّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، أَخْبَرَنِي حَكِيمٌ الْأَثْرَمُ، وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حَكِيمٍ الْأَثْرَمِ، عَنْ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٤٠٦٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبْدَانَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَتَى حَائِضًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا أَوْ كَاهِنًا فَصَدَّقَهُ بِمَا يَقُولُ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ»","vol":"10","page":163},{"text":"١٤٠٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا»","vol":"10","page":164},{"text":"١٤٠٧٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ»،\n\n١٤٠٧١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ طَلْقٍ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ فِي تَحْرِيمِ ذَلِكَ","vol":"10","page":165},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-970>كِتَابُ الشِّغَارِ</span>","vol":"10","page":166},{"text":"١٤٠٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الشِّغَارِ»\n\n١٤٠٧٣ - وَالشِّغَارُ: أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَتَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ ابْنَتَهُ، وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا صَدَاقٌ\n\n١٤٠٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا أَدْرِي تَفْسِيرَ الشِّغَارِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَوْ مِنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَوْ مِنْ نَافِعٍ، أَوْ مِنْ مَالِكٍ ⦗١٦٧⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بن يحيى كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٤٠٧٥ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، قُلْتُ لِنَافِعٍ: مَا الشِّغَارُ؟ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٤٠٧٦ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَذَكَرَ مَوْصُولًا بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"10","page":166},{"text":"١٤٠٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الشِّغَارِ»","vol":"10","page":167},{"text":"١٤٠٧٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ كِلَاهُمَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ «نَهَى عَنِ الشِّغَارِ» ⦗١٦٨⦘\n\n١٤٠٧٩ - وَزَادَ مَالِكٌ فِي الشِّغَارِ: أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ ابْنَتَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ ابْنَتَهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n١٤٠٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: كَأَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: صَدَاقُ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا بُضْعُ الْأُخْرَى وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ هَذَا تَأَوِيلٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ لِلتَّفْسِيرِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٤٠٨١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: وَالشِّغَارُ أَنْ تُنْكَحَ هَذِهِ بِهَذِهِ بِغَيْرِ صَدَاقٍ بُضْعُ هَذِهِ صَدَاقُ هَذِهِ وَبُضْعُ هَذِهِ صَدَاقُ هَذِهِ،\n\n١٤٠٨٢ - فَيُشْبِهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ صَحِيحَةً أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرُ مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَوْ مَنْ فَوْقَهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":167},{"text":"١٤٠٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا شِغَارَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ»\n\n١٤٠٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا أَنْكَحَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَتَهُ الرَّجُلَ، أَوِ الْمَرْأَةُ يَلِي أَمْرَهَا مَنْ كَانَتْ عَلَى أَنْ يُنْكِحَهُ ابْنَتَهُ، أَوِ الْمَرْأَةُ يَلِي أَمْرَهَا مَنْ كَانَتْ عَلَى أَنَّ صَدَاقَ ⦗١٦٩⦘ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا بُضْعُ الْأُخْرَى، أَوْ عَلَى أَنْ يُنْكِحَهُ الْأُخْرَى وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ لِوَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا صَدَاقًا، فَهَذَا الشِّغَارُ الَّذِي نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَا يَحِلُّ النِّكَاحُ وَهُوَ مَفْسُوخٌ،\n\n١٤٠٨٥ - هَذَا نَصُّ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الشِّغَارِ، وَهُوَ يُوَافِقُ التَّفْسِيرَ الْمَنْقُولَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ حِينَ قَالَ: أَوْ عَلَى أَنْ يُنْكِحَهُ الْأُخْرَى وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ لِوَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا صَدَاقًا\n\n١٤٠٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: إِنَّ النِّسَاءَ مُحَرَّمَاتٌ إِلَّا بِمَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ مِنْ نِكَاحٍ أَوْ بِمِلْكِ يَمِينٍ فَلَا يَحِلُّ الْمُحَرَّمُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ بِالْمُحَرَّمِ مِنَ النِّكَاحِ، وَالشِّغَارُ مُحَرَّمٌ بِنَهْيِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَهَكَذَا كُلُّ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ نِكَاحٍ لَمْ يُحَلَّلْ بِهِ الْمُحَرَّمُ،\n\n١٤٠٨٧ - وَبِهَذَا قُلْنَا فِي الْمُتْعَةِ وَنِكَاحِ الْمُحْرِمِ وَمَا نُهِيَ عَنْهُ مِنْ نِكَاحٍ","vol":"10","page":168},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-971>بَابُ نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ</span>","vol":"10","page":170},{"text":"١٤٠٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ ⦗١٧١⦘ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ: كُنَّا نَغْزُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٧٣⦘ وَلَيْسَ مَعَنَا نِسَاءٌ، فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَخْتَصِيَ، «فَنَهَانَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ لَنَا أَنْ نَنْكِحَ الْمَرْأَةَ إِلَى أَجْلٍ بِالشَّيْءِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ","vol":"10","page":170},{"text":"١٤٠٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَسَنِ ابْنَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ - وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ أَرْضَاهُمَا - عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا، أَنَّ ⦗١٧٤⦘ عَلِيًّا قَالَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ، وَعَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ»، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"10","page":173},{"text":"١٤٠٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَسَنِ، ابْنَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ مُتْعَةِ النِّسَاءِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، وَعَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْإِنْسِيَّةِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"10","page":174},{"text":"١٤٠٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سَبْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ»\n\n١٤٠٩٢ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «عَامَ الْفَتْحِ»،\n\n١٤٠٩٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، وَمَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٤٠٩٤ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَقَالَ: فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَادِعِ،\n\n١٤٠٩٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سَبْرَةَ،\n\n١٤٠٩٦ - وَقَالَ عُمَارَةُ بْنُ غَزِيَّةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سَبْرَةَ، عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ وَرُوَاتُهُ أَكْثَرُ\n\n١٤٠٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: ذَكَرَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ الْإِرْخَاصَ فِي نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ وَلَمْ يُؤَقِّتْ شَيْئًا يَدُلُّ أَهُوَ قَبْلَ خَيْبَرَ أَوْ بَعْدَهَا، فَأَشْبَهَ حَدِيثُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي نَهْي النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ نَاسِخًا لَهُ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُ الْمُتْعَةِ بِحَالٍ.\n\n١٤٠٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسٍ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا وَنَحْنُ شَبَابٌ، فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ وَهُمْ شَبَابٌ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ ⦗١٧٦⦘ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَكَانَ يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُ بِضْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً وَكَانَ فَتْحُ خَيْبَرَ فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ، وَفَتْحُ مَكَّةَ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ، فَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ كَانَ ابْنُ نَحْو مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً وَالشَّبَابُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَشْبَهَ حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَاسِخًا لَهُ،\n\n١٤٠٩٩ - وَشَيْءٌ آخَرُ وَهُوَ أَنَّ مَا حَكَاهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَ أَمْرًا شَائِعًا لَا يَشْتَبِهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ فِي الرُّخْصَةِ وَأَخْبَرَ بِنَهْي النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْهُ دَلَّ أَنَّهُ عَلِمَ النَّسْخَ حَتَّى أَنْكَرَ قَوْلَهُ فِي الرُّخْصَةِ،\n\n١٤١٠٠ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ تَارِيخَ خَيْبَرَ - فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ - إِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي النَّهْي عَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ لَا فِي النَّهْي عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ،\n\n١٤١٠١ - وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَمَا قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِيهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنْهُ فَيَكُونُ احْتِجَاجُ عَلِيٍّ بِنَهْيِهِ عَنْهُ آخِرًا حَتَّى تَقُومَ بِهِ الْحُجَّةُ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٤١٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَإِنْ كَانَ حَدِيثُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سَبْرَةَ يُثْبَتُ فَهُوَ يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَلَّ نِكَاحَ الْمُتْعَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هِيَ حَرَامٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ،\n\n١٤١٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سَبْرَةَ لَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ أَظُنُّهُ لِاخْتِلَافٍ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ فِي تَارِيخِهِ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَاعْتَمَدَ رِوَايَاتِ مَنْ رَوَاهُ فِي عَامِ الْفَتْحِ، لِأَنَّهَا أَكْثَرُ","vol":"10","page":175},{"text":"١٤١٠٤ - وَأَمَّا اللَّفْظُ الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سَبْرَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ حَدَّثَهُ: أَنَّهُمْ سَارُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٧٧⦘ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي دُخُولِهِمْ مَكَّةَ - وَإِذْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الِاسْتِمْتَاعِ قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَابْنُ عَمٍّ لِي مَعِي بُرْدٌ وَمَعَهُ بُرْدٌ وَبُرْدُهُ أَجْوَدُ مِنْ بُرْدِي وَأَنَا أَشَبُّ مِنْهُ، فَأَعْجَبَهَا شَبَابِي وَأَعْجَبَهَا بُرْدَهُ، فَصَارَ أَمْرُهَا إِلَى أَنْ قَالَتَ: بُرْدٌ كَبُرْدٍ، وَكَانَ الْأَجَلُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهَا عَشْرَةً فَبِتُّ عِنْدَهَا تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ، ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ بَيْنَ الْبَابِ وَالرُّكْنِ، فَقَالَ فِي كَلَامِهِ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، قَدْ كُنْتُ أَذِنْتُ لَكُمْ فِي الِاسْتِمْتَاعِ مِنْ هَذِهِ النِّسَاءِ، أَلَا وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ حَرَّمَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَمَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهُنَّ شَيْءٌ فَلْيُخَلِّ سَبِيلَهَا، وَلَا تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا»،\n\n١٤١٠٥ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مُخْتَصَرًا وَتَرَكَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ ذَلِكَ بِحَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ فِيهِ أَكْثَرَ الرُّوَاةِ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ،\n\n١٤١٠٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَعْنَى مَا رَوَاهُ سَبْرَةُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ","vol":"10","page":176},{"text":"١٤١٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْأُمَوِيُّ، وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَلِيمِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤَدِّبُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَيْسٍ، عَنْ إِيَاسِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:  «رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مُتْعَةِ النِّسَاءِ عَامَ أَوْطَاسٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنْهَا بَعْدُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ⦗١٧٨⦘،\n\n١٤١٠٨ - وَعَامُ أَوْطَاسٍ، وَعَامُ الْفَتْحِ وَاحِدٌ لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ بِيَسِيرٍ فَسَوَاءٌ نَسَبُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَوْطَاسٍ أَوْ إِلَى الْفَتْحِ","vol":"10","page":177},{"text":"١٤١٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ:  «الْمُتْعَةُ مَنْسُوخَةٌ نَسَخَهَا الطَّلَاقُ وَالصَّدَاقُ وَالْعِدَّةُ وَالْمِيرَاثُ»","vol":"10","page":178},{"text":"١٤١١٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ مُؤَمَّلِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «حَرَّمَ أَوْ هَدَمَ الْمُتْعَةَ النِّكَاحُ وَالطَّلَاقُ وَالْعِدَّةُ وَالْمِيرَاثُ»\n\n١٤١١١ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي أَحْكَامِ النِّكَاحِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَكَانَ بَيِّنًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ نِكَاحُ الْمُتْعَةِ مَنْسُوخًا بِالْقُرْآنِ وَالسُّنَّةِ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْهُ؛ لِأَنَّ نِكَاحَ الْمُتْعَةِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ امْرَأَةً إِلَى مُدَّةٍ ثُمَّ يَفْسَخُ نِكَاحَهُ بِلَا إِحْدَاثِ طَلَاقٍ مِنْهُ، وَفِي نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ إِبْطَالُ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِمَّا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَى الْأَزْوَاجِ مِنَ الْإِمْسَاكِ وَالطَّلَاقِ وَإِبْطَالِ الْمَوَارِيثِ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ وَأَحْكَامِ النِّكَاحِ الَّتِي حَكَمَ اللَّهُ بِهَا فِي الظِّهَارِ وَالْإِيلَاءِ وَاللِّعَانِ إِذَا انْقَضَتِ الْمُدَّةُ قَبْلَ إِحْدَاثِ الطَّلَاقِ","vol":"10","page":178},{"text":"١٤١١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتَ حَكِيمٍ دَخَلَتْ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ رَبِيعَةَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ اسْتَمْتَعَ بِامْرَأَةٍ مُوَلَّدَةٍ فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْهُ، فَخَرَجَ عُمَرُ يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ فَزِعًا فَقَالَ:  «هَذِهِ الْمُتْعَةُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ فِيهَا لَرَجَمْتُ»","vol":"10","page":178},{"text":"١٤١١٣ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: \" مُتْعَتَانِ كَانَتَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا أَنْهَى عَنْهُمَا أَوْ أُعَاقِبُ عَلَيْهِمَا: أَحَدُهُمَا مُتْعَةُ النِّسَاءِ فَلَا أَقْدِرُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً إِلَى أَجْلٍ إِلَّا غَيَّبْتُهُ فِي الْحِجَارَةِ، وَالْأُخْرَى مُتْعَةُ الْحَجِّ افْصِلُوا حَجَّكُمْ عَنْ عُمْرَتِكُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ أَتَمُّ لِحَجِّكُمْ وَأَتَمُّ لِعُمْرَتِكُمْ \"\n\n١٤١١٤ - فَبَيِّنٌ فِي قَوْلِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ أَنَّ نَهْيَهُ عَنْ مُتْعَةِ الْحَجِّ عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ لِإِفْرَادِ الْحَجِّ عَنِ الْعُمْرَةِ لَا عَلَى التَّحْرِيمِ، وَقَدْ دَلَّلْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ،\n\n١٤١١٥ - وَأَمَّا مُتْعَةُ النِّكَاحِ فَإِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْهَا وَأَوْعَدَ الْعُقُوبَةَ عَلَيْهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَلِمَ نَهْيَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْهَا بَعْدَ الْإِذْنِ فِيهَا، وَبِذَلِكَ احْتَجَّ فِي بَعْضِ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُظَنَّ بِهِ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ يَتْرُكُ رَأْيَهُ وَيَرُدُّ قَضَاءَ نَفْسِهِ بِخَبَرٍ يَرْوِيهِ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا انْتَشَرَ عَنْهُ فِي دِيَةِ الْجَنِينِ وَمِيرَاثِ الْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ دِيَّةِ زَوْجِهَا، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَكَيْفَ يَسْتَجِيزُ خِلَافَ مَا يَرْوِيهِ بِنَفْسِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ غَيْرِ ثُبُوتِ مَا نَسْخَهُ عِنْدَهُ وَهُوَ كَقَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ تَائِهٌ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ»، إِلَّا أَنَّ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ ذَكَرَ مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَرَاوِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-972>نِكَاحُ الْمُحَلِّلِ</span>","vol":"10","page":180},{"text":"١٤١١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنِ الْهُذَيْلِ بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْوَاشِمَةَ وَالْمَوْشُومَةَ، وَالْوَاصِلَةَ وَالْمَوْصُولَةَ، وَالْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ، وَآكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُطْعِمَهُ»،\n\n١٤١١٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مَرْفُوعًا فِي لَعْنِ الْمُحَلِّلِ وَالْمُحَلَّلِ لَهُ","vol":"10","page":180},{"text":"١٤١١٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ»","vol":"10","page":181},{"text":"١٤١١٩ - وَزَادَ عُقْبَةُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِالتَّيْسِ الْمُسْتَعَارِ؟»، قَالُوا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «الْمُحَلِّلُ»\n\n١٤١٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنِكَاحُ الْمُحَلِّلِ الَّذِي يُرْوَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَعَنَهُ عِنْدَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ضَرْبٌ مِنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُطَلِّقٍ إِذَا شَرَطَ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا حَتَّى تَكُونَ الْإِصَابَةُ،\n\n١٤١٢١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنَّهُمَا إِذَا عَقَدَا النِّكَاحَ مُطْلَقًا لَا شَرْطَ فِيهِ، فَالنِّكَاحُ ثَابِتٌ وَلَا تُفْسِدُ النِّيَّةُ مِنَ النِّكَاحِ شَيْئًا؛ لِأَنَّ النِّيَّةَ حَدِيثُ نَفْسٍ، وَقَدْ وُضِعَ عَنِ النَّاسِ مَا حَدَّثُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ","vol":"10","page":181},{"text":"١٤١٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ امْرَأَةً لَهُ فَبَتَّهَا، فَمَرَّ شَيْخٌ وَابْنٌ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ فِي السُّوقِ قَدِمَا لِتِجَارَةٍ لَهُمَا فَقَالَ لِلْفَتَى: هَلْ فِيكَ مِنْ ⦗١٨٢⦘ خَيْرٍ؟ ثُمَّ مَضَى عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ كَرَّ عَلَيْهِ فَكَمِثْلِهَا، ثُمَّ مَضَى عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ كَرَّ عَلَيْهِ فَكَمِثْلِهَا قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: فَأَرِنِي يَدَكَ، فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ وَأَمَرَهُ بِنِكَاحِهَا، فَنَكَحَهَا فَبَاتَ مَعَهَا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ اسْتَأْذَنَ فَأُذِنَ لَهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ وَلَّاهَا الدُّبُرَ، فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ طَلَّقَنِي لَا أُنْكِحُكِ أَبَدًا، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ، فَدَعَاهُ فَقَالَ: «لَوْ نَكَحْتَهَا لَفَعَلْتُ بِكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، وَتَوَاعَدَهُ، وَدَعَا زَوْجَهَا فَقَالَ: الْزَمْهَا،\n\n١٤١٢٣ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ الْمَسْمُوعَةِ مِنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَعْنَى وَزَادَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ: «إِنْ عَرَضَ لَكَ أَحَدٌ بِشَيْءٍ فَأَخْبِرْنِي بِهِ»","vol":"10","page":181},{"text":"١٤١٢٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أُخْبِرْتُ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا ثَلَاثًا وَكَانَ مِسْكِينٌ أَعْرَابِيٌّ يَقْعُدُ بِبَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَجَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ تَنْكِحُهَا فَتَبِيتُ مَعَهَا اللَّيْلَةَ وَتُصْبِحُ فَتُفَارِقُهَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ: إِنَّكَ إِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ فَإِنَّهُمْ سَيَقُولُونَ لَكَ: فَارِقْهَا فَلَا تَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنِّي مُقِيمَةٌ لَكَ مَا تَرَى وَاذْهَبْ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَتْ أَتَوْهُ وَأَتَوْهَا فَقَالَتْ: كَلِّمُوهُ، فَأَنْتُمْ جِئْتُمْ بِهِ فَكَلَّمُوهُ، فَأَبَى، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: «الْزَمِ امْرَأَتَكَ، فَإِنْ رَابُوكَ بِرَيْبٍ فَائْتِنِي»، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي مَشَتْ لِذَلِكَ، فَنَكَّلَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ كَانَ يَغْدُو إِلَى عُمَرَ وَيَرُوحُ فِي حُلَّةٍ فَيَقُولُ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي كَسَاكَ يَا ذَا الرُّقْعَتَيْنِ حُلَّةً تَغْدُو فِيهَا وَتَرُوحُ\n\n١٤١٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَدِيثَ مُسْنَدًا مُتَّصِلًا عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، يُوصِلُهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى","vol":"10","page":182},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-973>نِكَاحُ الْمُحْرِمِ</span>","vol":"10","page":183},{"text":"١٤١٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نُبَيْهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخِي بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُمَرَ ابْنَةَ شَيْبَةَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ لِيَحْضُرَ ذَلِكَ وَهُمَا مُحْرِمَانِ، فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ أَبَانُ وَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا يَنْكِحُ الْمُحْرِمُ وَلَا يَخْطُبُ»\n\n١٤١٢٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَقَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ نُبَيْهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا","vol":"10","page":183},{"text":"١٤١٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا رَافِعٍ مَوْلَاهُ وَرَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَزَوَّجَاهُ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ وَهُوَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ \"","vol":"10","page":184},{"text":"١٤١٢٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أُخْتِ مَيْمُونَةَ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَكَحَ مَيْمُونَةَ وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ»\n\n١٤١٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ رِوَايَةَ مَنْ رَوَى حَدِيثَ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"10","page":184},{"text":"١٤١٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ:  «أَوْهَمَ الَّذِي رَوَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَكَحَ مَيْمُونَةَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، مَا نَكَحَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ»","vol":"10","page":184},{"text":"١٤١٣٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ: عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي غَطَفَانَ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ الْمُرِّيُّ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ طَرِيفًا  «تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَرَدَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ نِكَاحَهُ»","vol":"10","page":184},{"text":"١٤١٣٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «لَا يَنْكِحُ الْمُحْرِمُ وَلَا يُنْكِحُ، وَلَا يَخْطُبُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَلَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ»","vol":"10","page":184},{"text":"١٤١٣٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ قُدَامَةَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ شَوْذَبٍ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ «رَدَّ نِكَاحَ مُحْرِمٍ»،\n\n١٤١٣٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ قُدَامَةَ","vol":"10","page":185},{"text":"١٤١٣٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: «مَنْ تَزَوَّجَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ نَزَعْنَا مِنْهُ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَلَمْ نُجِزْ نِكَاحَهُ»","vol":"10","page":185},{"text":"١٤١٣٧ - وَعَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، وَعُمَرَ قَالَا:  «لَا يَنْكِحُ الْمُحْرِمُ وَلَا يُنْكِحُ فَإِنْ نَكَحَ فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ»،\n\n١٤١٣٨ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَقَتَادَةَ\n\n١٤١٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: خَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي نِكَاحِ الْمُحْرِمِ، فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْرِمُ مَا لَمْ يُصِبْ،\n\n١٤١٤٠ - وَقَالَ: رُوِّينَا خِلَافَ مَا رُوِّيتُمْ فَذَهَبْنَا إِلَى مَا رُوِّينَا وَذَهَبْتُمْ إِلَى مَا رُوِّيتُمْ، رُوِّينَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَكَحَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَبِأَيِّهَا تَأْخُذُ؟ قَالَ: بِالثَّابِتِ عَنْهُ، قُلْتُ: أَفَتَرَى حَدِيثَ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثَابِتًا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قُلْتُ: وَعُثْمَانُ غَيْرُ غَائِبٍ عَنْ نِكَاحِ ⦗١٨٦⦘ مَيْمُونَةَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفِي سَفَرِهِ الَّذِي بَنَى بِمَيْمُونَةَ فِيهِ فِي عُمْرَةِ الْقَضِيَّةِ وَهُوَ السَّفَرُ الَّذِي زَعَمْتَ أَنْتَ أَنَّهُ نَكَحَهَا فِيهِ، وَإِنَّمَا نَكَحَهَا قَبْلَهُ وَبَنَى بِهَا فِيهِ\n\n١٤١٤١ - قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَلَكِنِ الَّذِي رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَكَحَهَا وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ»، فَهُوَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَوْمَ نَكَحَهَا بَالِغًا وَلَا لَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ صُحْبَةٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَفِيَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي نَكَحَهَا فِيهِ مَعَ قَرَابَتِهِ بِهَا، وَلَا يَقْبَلُهُ هُوَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْهُ إِلَّا عَنْ ثِقَةٍ\n\n١٤١٤٢ - قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ الْأَصَمِّ هُوَ ابْنُ أُخْتِهَا يَقُولُ: نَكَحَهَا حَلَالًا وَمَعَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ عَتِيقُهَا أَوِ ابْنُ عَتِيقِهَا قَالَ: نَكَحَهَا حَلَالًا، فَيُمْكِنُ عَلَيْكَ مَا أَمْكَنَكَ، فَقَالَ: هَذَانِ ثِقَةٌ، وَمَكَانَهُمَا مِنْهَا الْمَكَانُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِمَا الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي نَكَحَهَا فِيهِ لِحَطِّهَا وَحَطِّ مَنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا بِنِكَاحِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَا ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدَاهُ إِلَّا بِخَبَرِ ثِقَةٍ فِيهِ فَتَكَافَأَ خَبَرُ هَذَيْنِ وَخَبَرُ مَنْ رَوَيْتَ عَنْهُ فِي الْمَكَانِ مِنْهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا فَهُمَا ثِقَةٌ، وَخَبَرُ اثْنَيْنِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ خَبَرِ وَاحِدٍ وَيَزِيدُونَكَ مَعَهُمَا ثَالِثًا سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَتَنْفَرِدُ عَلَيْكَ رِوَايَةُ عُثْمَانَ الَّتِي هِيَ أَثْبَتُ مِنْ هَذَا كُلِّهِ.\n\n١٤١٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَوَمَا أَعْطَيْتَنَا أَنَّ الْخَبَرَيْنِ لَوْ تَكَافَأَا نَظَرْنَا فِيمَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَهُ فَتَتَّبِعُ أَيَّهُمَا كَانَ فِعْلُهُمَا أَشْبَهُ وَأَوْلَى الْخَبَرَيْنِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَحْفُوظًا فَنَقْبَلَهُ وَنَتْرُكَ الَّذِي خَالَفَهُ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قُلْتُ: فَعُمَرُ وَزَيْدُ ابْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَرُدَّانِ نِكَاحَ الْمُحْرِمِ، وَيَقُولُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَا يَنْكِحُ الْمُحْرِمُ وَلَا يُنْكِحُ، ولَا أَعْلَمُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَهُمَا مُخَالِفًا،\n\n١٤١٤٤ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ، وَذَكَرْنَا فِيهِ رِوَايَةَ مَيْمُونَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَكَحَهَا وَهُمَا حَلَالَانِ","vol":"10","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-974>الْعَيْبُ فِي الْمَنْكُوحَةِ</span>","vol":"10","page":187},{"text":"١٤١٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَبِهَا جُنُونٌ أَوْ جُذَامٌ أَوْ بَرَصٌ فَمَسَّهَا فَلَهَا صَدَاقُهَا، وَذَلِكَ لِزَوْجِهَا غُرْمٌ عَلَى وَلِيِّهَا»","vol":"10","page":187},{"text":"١٤١٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ قَالَ: \" أَرْبَعٌ لَا تَجُوزُ فِي بَيْعٍ وَلَا نِكَاحٍ إِلَّا أَنْ تُسَمَّى فَإِنْ سَمَّى جَازَ: الْجُنُونُ وَالْجُذَامُ وَالْبَرَصُ وَالْقَرْنُ \" ⦗١٨٨⦘\n\n١٤١٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِلَّا أَنْ يَمَسَّ، فَإِنْ مَسَّ فَقَدْ جَازَ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خُمَيْرَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"10","page":187},{"text":"١٤١٤٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، وَشُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَهُوَ أَبُو الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" أَرْبَعٌ لَا تَجُوزُ فِي بَيْعٍ وَلَا نِكَاحٍ: الْمَجْنُونَةُ وَالْمَجْذُومَةُ وَالْبَرْصَاءُ وَالْعَفْلَاءُ \"،\n\n١٤١٤٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ","vol":"10","page":188},{"text":"١٤١٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: \" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ فَلَمَّا أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ رَأَى بِكَشْحِهَا وَضْحًا فَرَدَّهَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا، وَقَالَ: «دَلَّسْتُمْ عَلَيَّ»","vol":"10","page":188},{"text":"١٤١٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً بِهَا جُنُونٌ أَوْ جُذَامٌ أَوْ بَرَصٌ قَالَ: «إِذَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ»\n\n١٤١٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ إِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ\n\n١٤١٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٤١٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْجُذَامُ وَالْبَرَصُ فِيمَا يَزْعُمُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالطِّبِّ وَالتَّجَارِبِ تُعْدِي الزَّوْجَ كَثِيرًا وَهُوَ دَاءٌ مَانِعٌ لِلْجِمَاعِ لَا تَكَادُ نَفْسُ أَحَدٍ أَنْ تَطِيبَ بِأَنْ يُجَامِعَ مَنْ هُوَ بِهِ وَلَا نَفْسُ امْرَأَةٍ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا مَنْ هُوَ بِهِ، فَأَمَّا الْوَلَدُ فَبَيِّنٌ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا وَلَدَهُ أَجْذَمُ أَوْ أَبْرَصُ أَوْ جَذْمَاءُ أَوْ بَرْصَاءُ قَلَّمَا يَسْلِمُ، وَإِنْ سَلَمَ أَدْرَكَ نَسْلَهُ وَنَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ، فَأَمَّا الْجُنُونُ وَالْخَبَلُ فَلَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ تَأْدِيَةُ حَقٍّ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٤١٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ثَابِتٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا عَدْوَى»، وَإِنَّمَا ⦗١٩٠⦘ أَرَادَ بِهِ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَعْتَقِدُونَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِنْ إِضَافَةِ الْفِعْلِ إِلَى غَيْرِ اللَّهِ ﷿، وَقَدْ يَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِمَشِيئَتِهِ مُخَالَطَةَ الصَّحِيحِ مَنْ بِهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْعُيُوبِ سَبَبًا لِحُدُوثِ ذَلِكَ بِهِ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا يُورِدُ مُمْرِضٌ عَلَى مُصِحٍّ»، وَقَالَ فِي الطَّاعُونِ: «مَنْ سَمِعَ بِهِ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا يَقْدِمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ»، وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا فِي مَعْنَاهُ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ بِتَقْدِيرِ اللَّهِ ﷿\n\n١٤١٥٦ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِخَصِيٍّ تَزَوَّجَ: «أَكُنْتَ أَعْلَمْتَهَا؟» قَالَ: لَا: قَالَ: «أَعْلِمْهَا ثُمَّ خيِّرْهَا»\n\n١٤١٥٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَنْكِحُ الْخَصِيُّ الْمَرْأَةَ الْمُسْلِمَةَ»، وَقَالَ: «وَلَا يَثْبُتُ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمَا»\n\n١٤١٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ خَصِيًّا فَلَهَا الْخِيَارُ، وَقَالَهُ أَيْضًا فِي الْقَدِيمِ\n\n١٤١٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ سَنْدَرٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَكَانَ خَصِيًّا، وَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ فَنَزَعَهَا مِنْهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ⦗١٩١⦘،\n\n١٤١٦٠ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، أَنْبَأَنِيهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"10","page":189},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-975>رُجُوعُ الْمَغْرُورِ بِالْمَهْرِ</span>\n١٤١٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَضَى عُمَرُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْمَغْرُورِ يَرْجِعُ بِالْمَهْرِ عَلَى مَنْ غَرَّةُ،\n\n١٤١٦٢ - أَمَا حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ فَقَدْ مَضَى فِي مَنْ تَزَوَّجَ بِامْرَأَةٍ وَبِهَا جُنُونٌ أَوْ جُذَامٌ أَوْ بَرَصٌ","vol":"10","page":192},{"text":"١٤١٦٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ: فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَضِيءِ، أَنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ تَزَوَّجَا أُخْتَيْنِ، فَأُهْدِيَتْ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَى أَخِي زَوْجِهَا، فَأَصَابَهَا، «فَقَضَى عَلِيٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِصَدَاقٍ، وَجَعَلَهُ يَرْجِعُ بِهِ عَلَى الَّذِي غَرَّةُ»","vol":"10","page":192},{"text":"١٤١٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ، أَوْ عُثْمَانَ «قَضَى أَحَدُهُمَا فِي امْرَأَةٍ غَرَّتْ بِنَفْسِهَا رَجُلًا، فَذَكَرَتِ انَّهَا حُرَّةٌ، فَوَلَدَتِ أَوْلَادًا، فَقَضَى أَنْ يَفْدِيَ وَلَدَهُ بِمِثْلِهِمْ»،\n\n١٤١٦٥ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْقِيمَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يُؤْتَى بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَا نَحْوِهِ، فَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ: يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْقِيمَةِ","vol":"10","page":192},{"text":"١٤١٦٦ - وَرَجَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ الْقَدِيمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْتُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ بِالْمَهْرِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَلَهَا الصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا» فَإِذَا جَعَلَ الصَّدَاقَ لَهَا بِالْمَسِيسِ فِي النِّكَاحِ الْفَاسِدِ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ وَلَمْ يَرُدَّهُ بِهِ عَلَيْهَا وَهِيَ الَّتِي غَرَّتْهُ لَا غَيْرُهَا كَانَ فِي النِّكَاحِ الصَّحِيحِ الَّذِي لِلزَّوْجِ فِيهِ الْخِيَارُ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَإِذَا كَانَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ لَمْ يُجَزْ أَنْ تَكُونَ هِيَ الْآخِذَةُ لَهُ وَيُغْرَمُهُ وَلِيُّهَا\n\n١٤١٦٧ - قَالَ: وَقَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الَّتِي نَكَحَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا إِنْ أُصِيبَتْ فَلَهَا الْمَهْرُ\n\n١٤١٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ كَانَ يَقُولُ هُوَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَجَعَلَهُ لَهَا بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا","vol":"10","page":193},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-976>بَابُ الْأَمَةِ تُعْتَقُ وَزَوْجُهَا عَبْدٌ</span>","vol":"10","page":194},{"text":"١٤١٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَتْ فِي بَرِيرَةَ ثَلَاثُ سُنَنٍ، وَكَانَتْ فِي إِحْدَى السُّنَنِ أَنَّهَا أُعْتِقَتْ فَخُيِّرَتْ فِي زَوْجِهَا»","vol":"10","page":194},{"text":"١٤١٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «وَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا وَكَانَ عَبْدًا» ⦗١٩٥⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَائِدَةَ","vol":"10","page":194},{"text":"١٤١٧١ - وَرَوَاهُ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ عَبْدٍ، فَلَمَّا عُتِقَتْ قَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنْ شِئْتِ تَقَرِّينَ تَحْتَ هَذَا الْعَبْدِ، وَإِنْ شِئْتِ أَنْ تُفَارِقِينَهُ»","vol":"10","page":195},{"text":"١٤١٧٢ - وَرَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «كَانَ زَوْجُهَا عَبْدًا فَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا وَلَوْ كَانَ حُرًّا لَمْ يُخَيِّرْهَا»،\n\n١٤١٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرِ بْنِ سَنْدَوَيْهِ السَّدَّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، ح ⦗١٩٦⦘\n\n١٤١٧٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الشَّيْخِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ","vol":"10","page":195},{"text":"١٤١٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، وَعَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَعَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنْ بَرِيرَةَ عُتِقَتْ وَهِيَ عِنْدَ مُغِيثٍ عَبْدٍ لِآلِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ، فَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهَا: «إِنْ قَرُبَكِ فَلَا خِيَارَ لَكِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٤١٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَفِيهِ: أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ حُرًّا،\n\n١٤١٧٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، وَجَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، فَمَيَّزَهُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ وَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْأَسْوَدِ ⦗١٩٧⦘\n\n١٤١٧٨ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: قَوْلُ الْأَسْوَدِ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَأَيْتُهُ عَبْدًا أَصَحُّ\n\n١٤١٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: خَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي خِيَارِ الْأَمَةِ، فَقَالَ: تُخَيَّرُ تَحْتَ الْحُرِّ كَمَا تُخَيَّرُ تَحْتَ الْعَبْدِ، وَقَالُوا: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ حُرًّا\n\n١٤١٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: رَوَاهُ عُرْوَةُ، وَالْقَاسِمُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ عَبْدًا وَهُمَا أَعْلَمُ بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ مِمَّنْ رَوَيْتَ هَذَا عَنْهُ قَالَ: فَهَلْ تَرْوُونَ عَنْ غَيْرِ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا؟ فَقُلْتُ: هِيَ الْمُعْتِقَةُ وَهِيَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ قَدْ تُثْبِتُ أَنْتَ مَا هُوَ أَضْعَفُ مِنْهُمَا، وَنَحْنُ إِنَّمَا نُثْبِتُ مَا هُوَ أَقْوَى مِنْهُمَا قَالَ: فَاذْكُرْهُمَا فَذَكَرَ مَا","vol":"10","page":196},{"text":"١٤١٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ زَوْجُ بَرِيرَةَ، فَقَالَ: «ذَاكَ مُغِيثٌ عَبْدٌ لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ، كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ يَتْبَعُهَا فِي الطَّرِيقِ وَهُوَ يَبْكِي» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ وُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ","vol":"10","page":197},{"text":"١٤١٨٢ - وَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ عَبْدًا» ⦗١٩٨⦘\n\n١٤١٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِهَاتَيْنِ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ: وَنَحْنُ إِنَّمَا نُثْبِتُ مَا هُوَ أَقْوَى مِنْهُمَا؛ لِأَنَّ الْحُفَّاظَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِهِ، وَذَهَبَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ إِلَى الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاوِي عَنْهُ ثِقَةٌ، وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَأَخْرَجَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n١٤١٨٤ - وَأَمَّا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيُّ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ فَلَمْ يَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِمَا رَوَاهُ","vol":"10","page":197},{"text":"١٤١٨٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى الْفَقِيهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «كَانَ زَوْجُ بَرِيرَةَ عَبْدًا»","vol":"10","page":198},{"text":"١٤١٨٦ - وَالْمَشْهُوَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ:  «كَانَ زَوْجُ بَرِيرَةَ عَبْدًا»","vol":"10","page":198},{"text":"١٤١٨٧ - وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «لَا تُخَيَّرُ إِذَا أُعْتِقَتْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ زَوْجُهَا عَبْدًا»","vol":"10","page":198},{"text":"١٤١٨٨ - وَصَحِيحٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، «أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ عَبْدًا»","vol":"10","page":198},{"text":"١٤١٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الْحَنَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ «أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكَيْنِ زَوْجٍ، فَسَأَلَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَبْدَأَ بِالرَّجُلِ قَبْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ» ⦗١٩٩⦘،\n\n١٤١٩٠ - تَابَعَهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَوْهَبٍ،\n\n١٤١٩١ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَهَا بِذَلِكَ لِيَكُونَ عِتْقُهَا، وَهُوَ حُرٌّ، فَلَا يَكُونُ لَهَا الْخِيَارُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":198},{"text":"١٤١٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْأَمَةِ تَكُونُ تَحْتَ الْعَبْدِ فَتُعْتَقُ: «إِنَّ لَهَا الْخِيَارُ مَا لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا، فَإِنْ مَسَّهَا فَلَا خِيَارَ لَهَا»","vol":"10","page":199},{"text":"١٤١٩٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ مَوْلَاةً لِبَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا زَبْرَاءُ أَخْبَرَتْهُ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ عَبْدٍ وَهِيَ أَمَةٌ يَؤْمَئِذٍ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: وَهِيَ أَمَةٌ نُوبِيَّةٌ - فَعُتِقَتْ قَالَتْ: فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَدَعَتْنِي، فَقَالَتْ:  «إِنِّي مُخْبِرَتُكِ خَبَرًا وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَصْنَعِي شَيْئًا إِنَّ أَمْرَكِ بِيَدِكِ مَا لَمْ يَمَسَّكِ زَوْجُكِ» قَالَتْ: فَفَارَقْتُهُ ثَلَاثًا،\n\n١٤١٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي أَمَالِي النِّكَاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ فِي تَوْقِيتِ الْخِيَارِ شَيْئًا يُتَّبَعُ إِلَّا قَوْلَ حَفْصَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَا لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا»، وَفِي تَرْكِهَا إِيَّاهُ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا كَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى تَرْكِ الْخِيَارِ\n\n١٤١٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَاعْتَذَرَتْ بِالْجَهَالَةِ فَفِيهَا قَوْلَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا يَحْلِفُ وَيَكُونُ لَهَا الْخِيَارُ وَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا","vol":"10","page":199},{"text":"١٤١٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْأَمَةِ تُعْتَقُ فَيَغْشَاهَا زَوْجُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُخَيَّرَ قَالَ: «تُسْتَحْلَفُ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ لَهَا الْخِيَارَ، ثُمَّ تُخَيَّرُ» ⦗٢٠٠⦘،\n\n١٤١٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْقَوْلُ الْآخَرُ لَا خِيَارَ لَهَا\n\n١٤١٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ: عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَإِنْ مَسَّهَا فَزَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا جَهِلَتْ أَنَّ لَهَا الْخِيَارَ فَإِنَّهَا تُتَّهَمُ وَلَا تُصَدَّقُ بِمَا ادَّعَتْ مِنَ الْجَهَالَةِ وَلَا خِيَارَ لَهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٤١٩٩ - وَأَعَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ - ﵀ - هَا هُنَا الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِخَبَرِ بَرِيرَةَ فِي أَنَّ بَيْعَ الْأَمَةِ لَا يَكُونُ طَلَاقًا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"10","page":199},{"text":"١٤٢٠٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «بَيْعُ الْأَمَةِ طَلَاقُهَا»\n\n١٤٢٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُثْبِتُونَ مُرْسَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَيَرْوُونَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا قُلْتَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَهُمْ لَا يَقُولُونَ بِقَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَيَقُولُونَ: لَا يَكُونُ بَيْعُ الْأَمَةِ إِلَّا طَلَاقُهَا\n\n١٤٢٠٢ - وَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ وَنَحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِ بَرِيرَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ اشْتَرَتْهَا وَلَهَا زَوْجٌ، ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَتْهَا، فَجَعَلَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْخِيَارَ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَيْعُهَا طَلَاقًا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْخِيَارِ مَعْنًى، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا بِالشِّرَاءِ\n\n١٤٢٠٣ - قَالَ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَرَيَا بَيْعَ الْأَمَةِ طَلَاقَهَا","vol":"10","page":200},{"text":"١٤٢٠٤ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ  «اشْتَرَى مِنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ جَارِيَةً، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ لَهَا زَوْجًا فَرَدَّهَا»","vol":"10","page":200},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-977>بَابُ أَجَلِ الْعِنِّينِ</span>","vol":"10","page":201},{"text":"١٤٢٠٥ - كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁: أَنَّهُ  «جَعَلَ أَجَلَ الْعِنِّينِ سَنَةً»\n\n١٤٢٠٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا، عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «يُؤَجَّلُ الْعِنِّينُ سَنَةً، فَإِنْ جَامَعَ وَإِلَّا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا»،\n\n١٤٢٠٧ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ،\n\n١٤٢٠٨ - وَفِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ أَنَّهُ أَجَّلَهُ سَنَةً مِنْ يَوْمِ رَافَعَتْهُ\n\n١٤٢٠٩ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ احْتِجَاجَ مَنِ احْتَجَّ فِي تَرْكِ التَّأْجِيلِ بِحَدِيثِ رِفَاعَةَ، وَأَجَابَ عَنْهُ بِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهَا وَتَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهُ مَعْنًى، إِنَّمَا يَذُوقَ الْعُسَيْلَةَ مَنْ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْإِصَابَةِ، وَلَكِنَّهَا نَفَرَتْ مِنْهُ لِصِغَرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ أَوْ لِضَعْفِهِ، وَأَرَادَتْ فِرَاقَهُ","vol":"10","page":201},{"text":"١٤٢١٠ - وَذَكَرَ احْتِجَاجَهُ بِحَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ، وَأَجَابَ عَنْهُ بِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَرْوِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ هَانِئِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ جَاءَتْ وَمَعَهَا شَيْخٌ تَحْتَجُّ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَقَالَتْ: هَلْ لَكَ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ لَا أَيِّمَ وَلَا ذَاتَ زَوْجٍ؟ فَعَرَفَ مَا تُرِيدُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: «مَا تَقُولُ هَذِهِ؟»، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ تَنْقِمِينَ فِي مَطْعَمٍ أَوْ مَلْبَسٍ؟»، فَقَالَتْ: لَا، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ عِنْدَكَ شَيْءٌ؟» قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: وَلَا مِنَ السَّحَرِ؟ قَالَ: لَا، «فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَصْبِرَ»\n\n١٤٢١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَوْ كَانَ يَثْبُتُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ خِلَافٌ لِعُمَرَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ أَصَابَهَا، ثُمَّ بَلَغَ هَذَا السِّنَّ فَصَارَ لَا يُصِيبُهَا، وَنَحْنُ لَا نُؤَجِّلُ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَصَابَ امْرَأَتَهُ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً،\n\n١٤٢١٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: مَعَ أَنَّهُ يُعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَانِئَ بْنَ هَانِئٍ لَا يُعْرَفُ،\n\n١٤٢١٣ - وَأَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِمَّا لَا يُثْبِتُونَهُ لِجَهَالَتِهِمْ بِهَانِئِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ ⦗٢٠٣⦘\n\n١٤٢١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ نَحْوُ قَوْلِ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ بِإِسْنَادٍ غَيْرِ قَوِيٍّ","vol":"10","page":202},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-978>بَابُ الْعَزْلِ</span>","vol":"10","page":204},{"text":"١٤٢١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رُوِيَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي الْعَزْلِ قَالَ: «هُوَ الْوَأْدُ الْخَفِيُّ»","vol":"10","page":204},{"text":"١٤٢١٦ - قَالَ: وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ ذَرٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، «أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الْعَزْلَ» ⦗٢٠٥⦘\n\n١٤٢١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا وَلَا يَرَوْنَ بِالْعَزْلِ بَأْسًا، أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا خَالَفَ الْعِرَاقِيُّونَ عَلِيًّا، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ\n\n١٤٢١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنْ عَدَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُمْ أَرْخَصُوا فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يَرَوْا بِهِ بَأْسًا\n\n١٤٢١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا الرُّخْصَةُ فِيهِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَأَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ،\n\n١٤٢٢٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١٤٢٢١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُمَا رَخَّصَا فِي ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٤٢٢٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي اسْتِئْمَارِ الْحُرَّةِ فِي الْعَزْلِ دُونَ الْأَمَةِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ،\n\n١٤٢٢٣ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مَرْفُوعٌ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١٤٢٢٤ - وَحَكَاهُ صَاحِبُ التَّقْرِيبِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ،\n\n١٤٢٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ يُذْكَرْ عَنْهُ نَهْيٌ","vol":"10","page":204},{"text":"ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نَعْزِلُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا وَالْقُرْآنُ يَنْزِلُ» ⦗٢٠٦⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١٤٢٢٦ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ جُدَامَةَ بِنْتِ وَهْبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْقَوْلِ: «إِنَّهُ الْوَأْدُ الْخَفِيُّ»، ﴿وَإِذَا الْمَوْءُودَةُ سُئِلَتْ﴾ [سورة:]، وَقَدْ عُورِضَ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعَزْلِ؟ قَالُوا: إِنَّ الْيَهُوَدَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْعَزْلَ: هِيَ الْمَوْءُودَةُ الصُّغْرَى قَالَ: «كَذَبَتْ يَهُوَدُ»، زَادَ فِيهِ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «كَذَبَتْ يَهُوَدُ، لَوْ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَخْلُقَهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَصْرِفَهُ»","vol":"10","page":205},{"text":"١٤٢٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْنَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ الْعَزْلِ، فَقَالَ: «اذْهَبُوا فَاسْأَلُوا النَّاسَ ثُمَّ ائْتُونِي فَأَخْبِرُونِي، فَسَأَلُونِي»، فَأَخْبَرُوهُ فَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ⦗٢٠٧⦘: ﴿وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ﴾ [المؤمنون: ١٢]، حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنَ الْآيَةِ قَالَ:  «كَيْفَ يَكُونُ مِنَ الْمَوْءُودَةِ حَتَّى يَمُرَّ عَلَى هَذَا الْخَلْقِ»،\n\n١٤٢٢٨ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَدِيثُ جُدَامَةَ عَلَى طَرِيقِ السَّوِيَّةِ","vol":"10","page":206},{"text":"١٤٢٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعَزْلِ فَقَالَ: «لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا، فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ نَسْمَةٍ يُقْضَى أَنْ تَكُونَ إِلَّا وَهِيَ كَائِنَةٌ»،\n\n١٤٢٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا، فَإِنَّهُ هُوَ الْقَدَرُ»","vol":"10","page":207},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-979>الْقَصْدُ فِي الصَّدَاقِ</span>","vol":"10","page":208},{"text":"١٤٢٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «الْقَصْدُ فِي الصَّدَاقِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا وَأَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ لَا يُزَادَ عَلِي مَا أَصْدَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نِسَاءَهُ وَبَنَاتِهِ، وَذَلِكَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ طَلَبًا لِلْبَرَكَةِ فِي مُوَافَقَةِ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ فَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ»","vol":"10","page":208},{"text":"١٤٢٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ: كَمْ كَانَ صَدَاقُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ صَدَاقُهُ لِأَزْوَاجِهِ ⦗٢٠٩⦘ اثْنَتَيْ عَشَرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشًّا»، قَالَتْ: أَتَدْرِي مَا النَّشُّ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا قَالَتْ: نِصْفُ أُوقِيَّةٍ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ","vol":"10","page":208},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-980>مَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَهْرًا</span>\n١٤٢٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَدَلَّ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَآتَيْتُمْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ قِنْطَارًا﴾ [النساء: ٢٠]، عَلَى أَنْ لَا وَقْتَ فِي الصَّدَاقِ كَثُرَ أَوْ قَلَّ، لِتَرْكِهِ النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْقِنْطَارِ وَهُوَ كَثِيرٌ، وَتَرْكِهِ حَدَّ الْقَلِيلِ، وَدَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ السُّنَّةُ","vol":"10","page":210},{"text":"١٤٢٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَسْهَمَ النَّاسُ الْمَنَازِلَ، فَطَارَ سَهْمُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ: تَعَالَ حَتَّى أُقَاسِمَكَ مَالِي وَأَنْزِلَ لَكَ عَنْ أَيِّ امْرَأَتَيَّ شِئْتَ وَأَكْفِيَكَ الْعَمَلَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِي أَهْلِكَ ⦗٢١١⦘ وَمَالِكَ، دُلُّونِي عَلَى السُّوقِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَصَابَ شَيْئًا، فَخَطَبَ امْرَأَةً، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَلَى كَمْ تَزَوَّجْتَهَا يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ؟» قَالَ: عَلَى نَوَاةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَقَالَ: «أَوْلِمْ وَلَوْ بِشَاةٍ»","vol":"10","page":210},{"text":"١٤٢٣٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبِهِ أَثَرَ صُفْرَةٍ، فَسَأَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ: «كَمْ سُقْتَ إِلَيْهَا؟» قَالَ: زِنَةُ نَوَاةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَوْلِمْ وَلَوْ بِشَاةٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ أُخَرَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ،\n\n١٤٢٣٦ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: قَوْلُهُ: نَوَاةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، يَعْنِي: خَمْسَةَ دَرَاهِمَ قَالَ: وَخَمْسَةُ دَرَاهِمَ تُسَمَّى نَوَاةُ ذَهَبٍ، كَمَا تُسَمَّى الْأَرْبَعُونَ أُوقِيَّةً، وَكَمَا تُسَمَّى الْعِشْرُونَ نَشًّا","vol":"10","page":211},{"text":"١٤٢٣٧ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: حَدَّثَنِيهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: «الْأُوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ، وَالنَّشُّ عِشْرُونَ، وَالنَّوَاةُ خَمْسَةٌ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَازَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ","vol":"10","page":211},{"text":"١٤٢٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي قِصَّةٍ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَالَ:  «تَزَوَّجَ عَلَى وَزْنِ نَوَاةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ قُوِّمَتْ خَمْسَةَ دَرَاهِمَ»","vol":"10","page":212},{"text":"١٤٢٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي قَدْ وَهَبْتُ نَفْسِي إِلَيْكَ، فَقَامَتْ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، زَوِّجْنِيهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ بِهَا حَاجَةً، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَلْ عِنْدَكَ شَيْءٌ تُصْدِقُهَا إِيَّاهُ؟»، فَقَالَ: مَا عِنْدِي إِلَّا إِزَارِي هَذَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنْ أَعْطَيْتَهَا إِيَّاهُ جَلَسْتَ لَا إِزَارَ لَكَ، فَالْتَمِسْ شَيْئًا»، فَقَالَ: مَا أَجِدُ شَيْئًا قَالَ: «الْتَمِسْ وَلَوْ خَاتَمًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ»، فَالْتَمَسَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَلْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْءٌ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، سُورَةُ كَذَا وَسُورَةُ كَذَا - لِسُوَرٍ سَمَّاهَا - فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ» ⦗٢١٣⦘\n\n١٤٢٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَخَاتَمُ الْحَدِيدِ لَا يُسَاوِي قَرِيبًا مِنْ دِرْهَمٍ، وَلَكِنْ لَهُ ثَمَنٌ يُتَبَايَعُ بِهِ\n\n١٤٢٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ","vol":"10","page":212},{"text":"١٤٢٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَدُّوا الْعَلَائِقَ»، فَقَالُوا: وَمَا الْعَلَائِقُ؟ قَالَ: «مَا تَرَاضَى بِهِ الْأَهْلُونَ»","vol":"10","page":213},{"text":"١٤٢٤٣ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنِ اسْتَحَلَّ بِدِرْهَمٍ فَقَدِ اسْتَحَلَّ»","vol":"10","page":213},{"text":"١٤٢٤٤ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنَا «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَجَازَ نِكَاحًا عَلَى نَعْلَيْنِ»\n\n١٤٢٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ فَإِنَّهُ يُرْوَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٤٢٤٦ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"10","page":213},{"text":"١٤٢٤٧ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: ﴿أَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى﴾ [النور: ٣٢]، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْعَلَائِقُ؟ قَالَ: «مَا تَرَاضَى بِهِ الْأَهْلُونَ» ⦗٢١٤⦘،\n\n١٤٢٤٨ - وَفِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ: «وَلَوْ قَضِيبًا مِنْ أَرَاكٍ»\n\n١٤٢٤٩ - وَأَسَانِيدُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ضَعِيفَةٌ،\n\n١٤٢٥٠ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي فَإِنَّهُ يُرْوَى عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَبِيبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٤٢٥١ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ فَإِنَّهُ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢١٥⦘،\n\n١٤٢٥٢ - وَهَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ أَمْثَلُ الثَّلَاثَةِ","vol":"10","page":213},{"text":"١٤٢٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّرْسُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً عَلَى نَعْلَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَرَضِيتِ مِنْ نَفْسِكِ بِنَعْلَيْنِ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: فَأَجَازَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ، ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ بِهِ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَقَالَ: «أَرَضِيتِ مِنْ نَفْسِكِ وَمَالِكِ بِنَعْلَيْنِ؟» قَالَتْ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: «وَأَنَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ»","vol":"10","page":215},{"text":"١٤٢٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً عَلَى نَعْلَيْنِ، «فَأَجَازَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نِكَاحَهُ»","vol":"10","page":215},{"text":"١٤٢٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤَدِّبُ، حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً عَلَى مِلْءِ كَفٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ لَكَانَ ذَلِكَ صَدَاقًا»","vol":"10","page":215},{"text":"١٤٢٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ جِبْرِيلَ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ ⦗٢١٦⦘ رُومَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَعْطَى فِي صَدَاقِ امْرَأَةٍ مِلْءَ كَفَّيْهِ سَوِيقًا أَوْ تَمْرًا فَقَدِ اسْتَحَلَّ»","vol":"10","page":215},{"text":"١٤٢٥٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَهُوَ أَحْفَظُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ:  «كُنَّا نَسْتَمْتِعُ بِالْقَبْضَةِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَالدَّقِيقِ الْأَيَّامَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ،\n\n١٤٢٥٨ - وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ وَنِكَاحُ الْمُتْعَةِ صَارَ مَنْسُوخًا، فَإِنَّمَا نُسِخَ مِنْهُ شَرْطُ الْأَجَلِ، فَأَمَّا مَا يَجْعَلُونَهُ صَدَاقًا فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَرِدْ فِيهِ النَّسْخُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":216},{"text":"١٤٢٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ:  «فِي ثَلَاثِ قَبَضَاتٍ زَبِيبٍ مَهْرٌ»","vol":"10","page":216},{"text":"١٤٢٦٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ قَالَ: تَسَرَّى رَجُلٌ بِجَارِيَةٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: هَبْهَا لِي ⦗٢١٧⦘، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فَقَالَ:  «لَمْ تَحِلَّ الْمَوْهُوَبَةُ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَوْ أَصْدَقَهَا سَوْطًا فَمَا فَوْقَهُ جَازَ»،\n\n١٤٢٦١ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَلَوْ أَصْدَقَهَا سَوْطًا حَلَّتْ لَهُ","vol":"10","page":216},{"text":"١٤٢٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَبِيعَةَ عَمَّا يَجُوزُ مِنَ النِّكَاحِ فَقَالَ: «دِرْهَمٌ»، قُلْتُ: فَأَقَلُّ؟ قَالَ: «وَنِصْفٌ»، قُلْتُ: فَأَقَلُّ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، حِنْطَةٌ أَوْ قَبْضَةُ حِنْطَةٍ»","vol":"10","page":217},{"text":"١٤٢٦٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَبِيعَةَ كَمْ أَقَلُّ الصَّدَاقِ؟ فَقَالَ: «مَا تَرَاضَى بِهِ الْأَهْلُونَ»، قُلْتُ: وَإِنْ كَانَ دِرْهَمًا؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ كَانَ نِصْفَ دِرْهَمٍ»، قُلْتُ: وَإِنْ كَانَ أَقَلَّ؟ قَالَ: «وَلَوْ كَانَ قَبْضَةَ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ حَبَّةَ حِنْطَةٍ»\n\n١٤٢٦٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ سَأَلْتُ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيَّ هَلْ قَالَ أَحَدٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ لَا يَكُونُ صَدَاقٌ أَقَلَّ مِنْ رُبْعِ دِينَارٍ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا أَحَدًا قَالَهُ قَبْلَ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ: أَخَذَهُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ يَعْنِي فِي اعْتِبَارِ مَا يُقْطَعُ فِيهِ الْيَدُ\n\n١٤٢٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقِيلَ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ يَذْهَبُ مَذْهَبَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ إِذَا خَالَفْتُمْ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ فَإِلَى قَوْلِ مَنْ ذَهَبْتُمْ؟ فَرَوَوْا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِيهِ شَيْئًا لَا يُثْبَتُ مِثْلُهُ لَوْ لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُ غَيْرُهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ مَهْرًا أَقَلُّ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ\n\n١٤٢٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ الْأَوْدِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَهُ عَلَيْهِ حُفَّاظُ الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٤٢٦٧ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: مَا زَالَ هَذَا يُنْكَرُ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"10","page":217},{"text":"١٤٢٦٨ - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: لَقَّنَ غِيَاثُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، دَاوُدَ الْأَوْدِيَّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «لَا يَكُونُ مَهْرٌ أَقَلَّ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ»، فَصَارَ حَدِيثًا\n\n١٤٢٦٩ - وَكَانَ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ لَا يُحَدِّثَانِ حَدِيثَ دَاوُدَ الْأَوْدِيِّ،\n\n١٤٢٧٠ - وَرَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا مَهْرَ أَقَلُّ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ دَرَاهِمَ، وَهَذَا أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ مَتْرُوكٌ","vol":"10","page":218},{"text":"١٤٢٧١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ:  «الصَّدَاقُ مَا تَرَاضَى بِهِ الزَّوْجَانِ»","vol":"10","page":218},{"text":"١٤٢٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَنْكَرُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَوْدِيِّ هَذَا حَدِيثُ مُبَشِّرِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَنْكِحُوا النِّسَاءَ إِلَّا الْأَكْفَاءَ وَلَا يُزَوِّجُهُنَّ إِلَّا الْأَوْلِيَاءُ، وَلَا مَهْرَ دُونَ عَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى السِّكِّينُ الْبَلَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ الْحَكَمِ الرَّسْعَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُبَشِّرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٤٢٧٣ - وَرَوَاهُ بَقِيَّةُ، عَنْ مُبَشِّرٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢١٩⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٤٢٧٤ - وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ، كَالْأَوَّلِ،\n\n١٤٢٧٥ - وَهَذَا مُنْكَرٌ، حَجَّاجٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ غَيْرُ مُبَشِّرِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى تَرْكِ حَدِيثِهِ\n\n١٤٢٧٦ - قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنْهُ: مُبَشِّرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ أَحَادِيثُهُ لَا يُتَابَعُ عَلَيْهَا\n\n١٤٢٧٧ - وَقَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ عَنْهُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مَعَ اخْتِلَافِ إِسْنَادِهِ بَاطِلٌ، لَا يَرْوِيهُ غَيْرُ مُبَشِّرٍ\n\n١٤٢٧٨ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: مُبَشِّرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ أَحَادِيثُهُ أَحَادِيثُ مَوْضُوعَةٌ كِذْبٌ","vol":"10","page":218},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-981>التَّزْوِيجُ عَلَى تَعْلِيمِ الْقُرْآنِ</span>\n١٤٢٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ تُنْكِحَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ لَهَا عَمَلًا أَوْ يُعَلِّمَهَا قُرْآنًا مُسَمًّى،\n\n١٤٢٨٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ","vol":"10","page":220},{"text":"١٤٢٨١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي تِلْكَ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: «هَلْ تَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْئًا؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «انْطَلِقْ فَقَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا تُعَلِّمُهَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ","vol":"10","page":220},{"text":"١٤٢٨٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَسَلٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: «مَا تَحْفَظُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ؟» قَالَ: سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ أَوِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا قَالَ: «قُمْ فَعَلِّمْهَا عِشْرِينَ آيَةً وَهِيَ امْرَأَتُكَ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٤٢٨٣ - وَهَذَا يَمْنَعُ مَنْ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى تَزْوِيجِهَا مِنْهُ عَلَى حُرْمَةِ الْقُرْآنِ كَمَا تَزَوَّجَتْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ عَلَى إِسْلَامِهِ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي إِسْلَامِهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ تَعُودُ إِلَيْهَا وَفِي تَعْلِيمِهَا الْقُرْآنَ مَنْفَعَةٌ تَعُودُ إِلَيْهَا، وَهُوَ عَمَلٌ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ الْبَدَنِ الَّتِي لَهَا أُجْرَةٌ","vol":"10","page":221},{"text":"١٤٢٨٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الرُّقْيَةِ بِأُمِّ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ أَحَقَّ مَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ ﷿»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْأَخْنَسِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سِيدَانَ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ،\n\n١٤٢٨٥ - وَهُوَ عَامٌّ فِي جَوَازِ أَخْذِ الْأُجْرَةِ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِالتَّعْلِيمِ وَغَيْرِهِ وَإِذَا جَازَ أَخْذُ الْأُجْرَةِ عَلَيْهِ جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَهْرًا ⦗٢٢٢⦘،\n\n١٤٢٨٦ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَصَحُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَادَةَ: أَنَّهُ عَلَّمَ نَاسًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ الْكِتَابَ وَالْقُرْآنَ، فَأَهْدَى إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ قَوْسًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنْ كُنْتَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ تُطَوَّقَ بِطَوْقٍ مِنْ نَارٍ فَاقْبَلْهَا»؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نُسَيٍّ فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ جُنَادَةَ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ: أَنَّ أُبَيًّا عَلَّمَ رَجُلًا الْقُرْآنَ، فَأَهْدَى لَهُ قَوْسًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنْ أَخَذْتَهَا أَخَذْتَ بِهَا قَوْسًا مِنْ نَارٍ»، وَظَاهِرُهُ مَتْرُوكٌ عِنْدَنَا وَعِنْدَهُمْ فَإِنَّ قَبُولَ الْهَدِيَّةِ مِنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَرْطٍ لَا يَسْتَحِقُّ هَذَا الْوَعِيدَ،\n\n١٤٢٨٧ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ أَيْضًا عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَصْلٌ كَذَا قَالَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٤٢٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُشْبِهُ إِنْ كَانَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ هَذَا ثَابِتًا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْسُوخًا بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَبِمَا رُوِيَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَيُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِذَهَابِ عَامَّةُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى تَرْكِ ظَاهِرَهِ، وَبِأَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّمَا حَمَلَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي أَوَاخِرِ عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ حَمَلَهُ فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٢٢٣⦘،\n\n١٤٢٨٩ - وَذَهَبَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْإِصْطَخْرِيُّ فِي حِكَايَةِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيِّ - ﵀ - إِلَى جَوَازِ أَخْذِ الْأُجْرَةِ عَلَى مَا لَا يَتَعَيَّنُ الْفَرْضُ فِيهِ عَلَى تَعْلِيمِهِ وَنَفْيِ جَوَازِهِ عَلَى مَا يَتَعَيَّنُ فِيهِ التَّعْلِيمُ، وَعَلَى هَذَا يُؤَوَّلُ اخْتِلَافُ الْأَخْبَارِ فِيهِ،\n\n١٤٢٩٠ - وَكَانَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ يَقُولُ: لَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا كَرِهَ أَجْرَ الْمُعَلِّمِ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَأَبُو قِلَابَةَ: لَا يَرَوْنَ بِتَعْلِيمِ الْغِلْمَانِ بِالْأَجْرِ بَأْسًا، وَبِهِ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ،\n\n١٤٢٩١ - وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ رَزَقَهُمْ","vol":"10","page":221},{"text":"١٤٢٩٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمَعْرُوفِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْإِسْفِرَايِينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ بِبَغْدَادَ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ كَتَبَ إِلَى بَعْضِ عُمَّالِهِ: «أَنْ أَعْطِ النَّاسَ عَلَى تَعْلِيمِ الْقُرْآنِ»، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّكَ كَتَبْتَ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَعْطِ النَّاسَ عَلَى تَعْلِيمِ الْقُرْآنِ فَيُعَلِّمُهُ مَنْ لَيْسَ فِيهِ رَغْبَةٌ إِلَّا رَغْبَةٌ فِي الْجُعْلِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: «أَنْ أَعْطِهِمْ عَلَى الْمُرُوءَةِ وَالصَّحَابَةِ»،\n\n١٤٢٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأُنَاسٍ مِنْ أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ فِدَاءٌ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِدَاءَهُمْ أَنْ يُعَلِّمُوا أَوْلَادَ الْأَنْصَارِ الْكِتَابَةَ","vol":"10","page":223},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-982>بَابُ التَّفْوِيضِ</span>\n١٤٢٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: التَّفْوِيضُ الَّذِي إِذَا عَقَدَ الزَّوْجُ النِّكَاحَ بِهِ عُرِفَ أَنَّهُ تَفْوِيضٌ فِي النِّكَاحِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ الثَّيِّبَ الْمَالِكَةَ لِأَمْرِهَا بِرِضَاهَا وَلَا يُسَمِّي مَهْرًا أَوْ يَقُولُ لَهَا أَتَزَوَّجُكِ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَهْرٍ، فَالنِّكَاحُ فِي هَذَا ثَابِتٌ، فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَلَهَا مَهْرُ مِثْلِهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا حَتَّى طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا مُتْعَةَ وَلَا نِصْفَ مَهْرٍ لَهَا\n\n١٤٢٩٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٦]،\n\n١٤٢٩٦ - فَدَلَّ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ عَلَى ثُبُوتِ النِّكَاحِ؛ لِأَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ لَا يَقَعُ إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجَةٍ،\n\n١٤٢٩٧ - وَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا صَدَاقَ وَلَا نِصْفَ لَهَا، وَلَهَا الْمُتْعَةُ وَلَا يُخَيَّرُ مِنْهَا عَلَى شَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَّا أَقَلَّ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ الْمُتْعَةِ،\n\n١٤٢٩٨ - وَأَحَبُّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَقَلُّهُ مَا تُجْزِئُ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةُ،\n\n١٤٢٩٩ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَا أَعْرِفُ فِي الْمُتْعَةِ وَقْتًا إِلَّا أَنِّي أَسْتَحِبُّ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَمًا لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗٢٢٥⦘،\n\n١٤٣٠٠ - وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الْقَدِيمِ: وَاسْتُحْسِنَ ثِيَابُ بَيْتٍ بِقَدْرِ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَمَا رَأَى الْوَالِي مِمَّا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا بِقَدْرِ الزَّوْجَيْنِ","vol":"10","page":224},{"text":"١٤٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، سَمِعَ أَيُّوبَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ فَارَقَ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَعْطِهَا كَذَا، وَأَكْسِهَا كَذَا»، فَحَسْبُنَا ذَلِكَ، فَإِذَا هُوَ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَمًا، قُلْتُ لِنَافِعٍ: كَيْفَ كَانَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ مُتَسَدِّدًا،\n\n١٤٣٠٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّهُ مَتَّعَ بِجَارِيَةٍ سَوْدَاءَ،\n\n١٤٣٠٣ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ مَتَّعَ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ،\n\n١٤٣٠٤ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَلَى قَدْرِ يُسْرِهِ وَعُسْرِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا مَتَّعَهَا بِخَادِمٍ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْسِرًا فَبِثَلَاثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ","vol":"10","page":225},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-983>أَحَدُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ يَمُوتُ قَبْلَ الْفَرْضِ وَالْمَسِيسِ</span>","vol":"10","page":226},{"text":"١٤٣٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ - بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي - أَنَّهُ «قَضَى فِي بَرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ وَنُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ، فَمَاتَ زَوْجُهَا، فَقَضَى لَهَا بِمَهْرِ نِسَائِهَا وَقَضَى لَهَا بِالْمِيرَاثِ»،\n\n١٤٣٠٦ - فَإِنْ كَانَ يُثْبَتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى الْأُمُورِ بِنَا، وَلَا حُجَّةَ فِي قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ دُونَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَإِنْ كَثُرُوا، وَلَا فِي قَيَاسٍ وَلَا شَيْءَ فِي قَوْلِهِ إِلَّا طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ بِالتَّسْلِيمِ لَهُ،\n\n١٤٣٠٧ - فَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يَثْبُتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُثْبِتَ عَنْهُ مَا لَمْ يُثْبَتْ وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْهُ بَعْدُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ،\n\n١٤٣٠٨ - هُوَ مَرَّةً يُقَالُ عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَمَرَّةً عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، وَمَرَّةً عَنْ بَعْضِ أَشْجَعَ لَا يُسَمَّى، فَإِذَا مَاتَ أَوْ مَاتَتْ فَلَا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَلَا مُتْعَةَ","vol":"10","page":226},{"text":"١٤٣٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْفَحَّامُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ: أُتِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي امْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا صَدَاقًا وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا فَتَرَدَّدُوا إِلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَزَالُوا بِهِ حَتَّى قَالَ: إِنِّي سَأَقُولُ بِرَأْيِي: لَهَا صَدَاقُ نِسَائِهَا وَلَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ، وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ وَلَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ، فَقَامَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ ⦗٢٢٧⦘، فَشَهِدَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي بَرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ الْأَشْجَعِيَّةِ بِمِثْلِ مَا قَضَيْتَ»، فَفَرِحَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ كِلَاهُمَا، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ،\n\n١٤٣١٠ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِيهِ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ،\n\n١٤٣١١ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقَالَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ،\n\n١٤٣١٢ - وَرَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: وَذَلِكَ يَسْمَعُ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ فَقَامُوا فَقَالُوا: نَشْهَدُ،\n\n١٤٣١٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَقَامَ رَهْطٌ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ فِيهِمُ الْجَرَّاحُ، وَأَبُو سِنَانٍ فَقَالُوا: نَشْهَدُ،\n\n١٤٣١٤ - وَهَذَا الِاخْتِلَافُ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ مَنْ رَوَى قِصَّةَ بَرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَا يُوهِنُ الْحَدِيثَ، فَإِنَّ أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ صَحِيحَةٌ وَفِي بَعْضِهَا أَنَّ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَشْجَعَ شَهِدُوا بِذَلِكَ، فَبَعْضُهُمْ سَمَّى هَذَا وَبَعْضُهُمْ سَمَّى آخَرَ وَكُلُّهُمْ ثِقَةٌ، وَلَوْلَا ثِقَةُ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمَا كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَفْرَحُ بِرِوَايَتِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":226},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-984>مَنْ قَالَ لَا صَدَاقَ لَهَا</span>","vol":"10","page":228},{"text":"١٤٣١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَةَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأُمَّهَا ابْنَةَ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، كَانَتْ تَحْتَ ابْنٍ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَمَاتَ وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ لَهَا صَدَاقًا فَابْتَغَتْ أُمُّهَا صَدَاقَهَا، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «لَيْسَ لَهَا صَدَاقٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ لَهَا صَدَاقٌ لَمْ نَمْنَعْكُمُوهُ، وَلَمْ نَظْلِمْهَا»، فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَقْبَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَجَعَلُوا بَيْنَهُمْ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، فَقَضَى «أَنْ لَا صَدَاقَ لَهَا وَلَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ»","vol":"10","page":228},{"text":"١٤٣١٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ خَيْرٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فُوِّضَ إِلَيْهِ فَمَاتَ وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ، فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ لَهَا إِلَّا الْمِيرَاثُ» وَلَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٤٣١٧ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: لَا أَدْرِي لَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ أَمْ مِنْ قَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ أَمْ مِنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ\n\n١٤٣١٨ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّدَاقِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، بِالشَّكِّ","vol":"10","page":228},{"text":"١٤٣١٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا صَدَاقًا: «أَنَّ لَهَا الْمِيرَاثَ وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ وَلَا صَدَاقَ لَهَا»،\n\n١٤٣٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُثْبَتَ حَدِيثُ بَرْوَعَ،\n\n١٤٣٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ، وَيَقُولُونَ: لَهَا صَدَاقُ نِسَائِهَا\n\n١٤٣٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ يَرْوِيهِ مَرَّةً بِالشَّكِّ، وَمَرَّةً بِغَيْرِ شَكٍّ\n\n١٤٣٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ،\n\n١٤٣٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ أَيْضًا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ","vol":"10","page":229},{"text":"١٤٣٢٥ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَيَمُوتُ عَنْهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فَرَضَ لَهَا قَالُوا: «لَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ وَلَا صَدَاقَ لَهَا»","vol":"10","page":229},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-985>إِذَا مَاتَ وَقَدْ فَرَضَ لَهَا صَدَاقًا</span>","vol":"10","page":230},{"text":"١٤٣٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَطَاءً يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ يَمُوتُ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَقَدْ فَرَضَ لَهَا صَدَاقًا؟ قَالَ: «لَهَا الصَّدَاقُ وَالْمِيرَاثُ»","vol":"10","page":230},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-986>عَفْوُ الْأَبِ بَعْدَ وُجُوبِ الصَّدَاقِ بَاطِلٌ</span>","vol":"10","page":231},{"text":"١٤٣٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، فَتَرَكَ لِزَوْجِهَا أَلْفًا فَجَاءَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَزَوْجُهَا وَأَبُوهَا ثَلَاثَتُهُمْ يَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ، فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: «تَجُوزُ صَدَقَتُكَ وَمَعْرُوفُكَ وَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِثَمَنِ رَقَبَتِهَا»،\n\n١٤٣٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَوْلُ شُرَيْحٍ تَجُوزُ صَدَقَتُكَ وَمَعْرُوفُكَ قَدْ أَحْسَنْتَ وَإِحْسَانُكَ حَسَنٌ وَلَكِنَّكَ أَحْسَنْتَ فِيمَا لَا يَجُوزُ لَكَ فَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِثَمَنِ رَقَبَتِهَا، يَعْنِي صَدَاقَهَا","vol":"10","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-987>إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ رَجُلٌ بِامْرَأَةٍ عَلَى حُكْمِهَا</span>","vol":"10","page":232},{"text":"١٤٣٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ الْأَشْعَثَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ صَحِبَ رَجُلًا فَرَأَى امْرَأَتَهُ، فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ، فَتُوُفِّيَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَخَطَبَهَا الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَهُ إِلَّا عَلَى حُكْمِهَا، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا عَلَى حُكْمِهَا، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحْكُمَ، فَقَالَ: احْكُمِي، فَقَالَتْ: أُحْكِمُ فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا - رَقِيقًا كَانُوا لِأَبِيهِ مِنْ تِلَادِهِ، فَقَالَ: احْكُمِي غَيْرَ هَؤُلَاءِ، فَأَبَتْ، فَأَتَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، عَجَزْتُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هُنَّ؟» قَالَ: عَشَقْتُ امْرَأَةً قَالَ: «هَذَا مَا لَمْ تَمْلِكْ» قَالَ: تَزَوَّجْتُهَا عَلَى حُكْمِهَا، ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحْكُمَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،\n\n١٤٣٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي عُمَرُ: لَهَا مَهْرُ امْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَيَعْنِي مِنْ نِسَائِهَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٤٣٣١ - قَالَ: وَمَا قُلْتُ مِنْ أَنَّ لَهَا مَهْرَ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ نِسَائِهَا مَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا، وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الَّذِي أَرَادَ عُمَرُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":232},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-988>الشَّرْطُ فِي الْمَهْرِ</span>\n١٤٣٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَتَهُ عَلَى أَنَّ صَدَاقَهَا مِائَةٌ وَأَنَّ لِأَبِيهَا مِائَةً فَانْعَقَدَ النِّكَاحُ عَلَى هَذَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ الصَّدَاقُ وَالْحِبَاءُ صَدَاقَ مِثْلِهَا أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَهُوَ لَهَا مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهُ مَالِكٌ بِعَقْدِهَا وَمَا تَمْلِكُ بِعَقْدَتِهَا كَمَا مَلَكَتْ بِمَالِهَا، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ كَانَ الْحِبَاءُ بَعْدَ الْعَقْدِ فَالْحِبَاءُ لِمَنْ حُبِيَ لَهُ لَيْسَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُهُ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ أَجَابَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ","vol":"10","page":233},{"text":"١٤٣٣٣ - وَمَنْ قَالَ بِهَذَا احْتَجَّ بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ أُنْكِحَتْ عَلَى صَدَاقٍ أَوْ حِبَاءٍ أَوْ عِدَةٍ قَبْلَ ⦗٢٣٤⦘ عِصْمَةِ النِّكَاحِ فَهُوَ لَهَا وَمَا كَانَ بَعْدَ عِصْمَةِ النِّكَاحِ فَهُوَ لِمَنْ أُعْطِيَهُ، وَأَحَقُّ مَا أُكْرِمَ عَلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَتُهُ أَوْ أُخْتُهُ»،\n\n١٤٣٣٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْبُرْسَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ: وَذَلِكَ يُوهِمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عَمْرٍو،\n\n١٤٣٣٥ - وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا، غَيْرَ أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٤٣٣٦ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّدَاقِ: الصَّدَاقُ فَاسِدٌ وَلَهَا مَهْرُ مِثْلِهَا","vol":"10","page":233},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-989>الشَّرْطُ فِي النِّكَاحِ</span>\n١٤٣٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَلِمَ لَا تُجِيزُ عَلَيْهِ مَا شَرَطَ لَهَا وَعَلَيْهَا مَا شَرَطَتْ لَهُ؟ قِيلُ: رَدَدْتُ شَرْطَهُمَا إِذَا أَبْطَلَا بِهِ مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ، ثُمَّ مَا جَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَبِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ؟ مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِائَةُ شَرْطٍ، قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَشَرْطُهُ أَوْثَقُ، وَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ»، فَأَبْطَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلَّ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَوْ كَانَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَوْ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خِلَافُهُ،\n\n١٤٣٣٨ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: مَا الشَّرْطُ لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ وَالْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ مِمَّا إِبْطَالُهُ بِالشَّرْطِ خِلَافٌ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَوِ السُّنَّةِ أَوْ أَمْرٍ اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ؟ قِيلَ لَهُ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ أَرْبَعًا وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُهُ، فَإِذَا شَرَطَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَنْكِحَ وَلَا يَتَسَرَّى حَظَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ مَا وَسَّعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٢٣٦⦘،\n\n١٤٣٣٩ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَحِلُّ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ تَصُومَ يَوْمًا تَطَوُّعًا وَزَوْجُهَا شَاهِدٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ»،\n\n١٤٣٤٠ - فَجَعَلَ لَهُ مَنْعَهَا مَا يُقَرِّبُهَا إِلَى اللَّهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرْضًا عَلَيْهَا لَعَظِيمِ حَقِّهِ عَلَيْهَا،\n\n١٤٣٤١ - وَأَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الْفَضِيلَةَ عَلَيْهَا،\n\n١٤٣٤٢ - وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَحَدٌ عَلِمْتُهُ فِي أَنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهَا مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ وَيَمْنَعَهَا مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ، فَإِذَا شَرَطَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَمْنَعَهَا مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ وَلَا يُخْرِجَهَا شَرَطَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِبْطَالَ مَا لَهُ عَلَيْهَا،\n\n١٤٣٤٣ - وَدَلَّ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَعُولَ امْرَأَتَهُ،\n\n١٤٣٤٤ - وَدَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ السُّنَّةُ، فَإِذَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ لَا يُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهَا أَبْطَلَ مَا جُعِلَ لَهَا وَأُمِرَ بِعِشْرَتِهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلَمْ يُبَحْ لَهُ ضَرْبُهَا إِلَّا بِحَالٍ، فَإِذَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهَا أَنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يُعَاشِرَهَا كَيْفَ شَاءَ وَأَنْ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا نَالَ مِنْهَا فَقَدْ شَرَطَ أَنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ مِنْهَا مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ، فَبِهَذَا أَبْطَلْنَا هَذِهِ الشُّرُوطَ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهَا وَجَعَلْنَا لَهَا مَهْرَ مِثْلِهَا،\n\n١٤٣٤٥ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَقَدْ يُرْوَى عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ أَحَقَّ مَا وَفَّيْتُمْ بِهِ مِنَ الشُّرُوطِ مَا اسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ بِهِ الْفُرُوجَ»، فَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى مِنَ الشُّرُوطِ لِمَا يَبِينُ أَنَّهُ جَائِزٌ وَلَمْ تَدُلَّ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ، وَقَدْ يُرْوَى عَنْهُ ﵊: «الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى شُرُوطِهِمْ إِلَّا شَرْطًا أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا أَوْ حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا»، وَمُفَسِّرُ حَدِيثِهِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى جُمْلَتِهِ ⦗٢٣٧⦘\n\n١٤٣٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ الَّذِي احْتَجَّ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَدْ رَوَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ بَرِيرَةَ، وَالْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي قَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ،\n\n١٤٣٤٧ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي عُورِضَ بِهِ فَهُوَ فِيمَا","vol":"10","page":235},{"text":"١٤٣٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ أَحَقَّ الشُّرُوطِ أَنْ تُوَفُّوا مَا اسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ بِهِ الْفُرُوجَ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ","vol":"10","page":237},{"text":"١٤٣٤٩ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي اسْتَشْهَدَ بِهِ مَعَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ فَهُوَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَدِمِيُّ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ إِلَّا شَرْطًا حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا» ⦗٢٣٨⦘،\n\n١٤٣٥٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"10","page":237},{"text":"١٤٣٥١ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ فِيمَا وَافَقَ الْحَقَّ»","vol":"10","page":238},{"text":"وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعْدَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَسَدِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «شَرْطُ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ شَرْطِهَا»،\n\n١٤٣٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَشَرَطَ لَهَا أَنْ لَا يُخْرِجَهَا قَالَ: فَوَضَعَ عَنْهُ الشَّرْطَ، وَقَالَ: الْمَرْأَةُ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا،\n\n١٤٣٥٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَهَا دَارُهَا، وَالرِّوَايَةُ الْأُولَى أَشْبَهُ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، وَقَوْلُ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، فَهِيَ أَوْلَى،\n\n١٤٣٥٤ - وَبِالرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ سِوَاهُمْ","vol":"10","page":238},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-990>بَابُ عَفْوِ الْمَهْرِ</span>\n١٤٣٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقَدَةُ النِّكَاحِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧]\n\n١٤٣٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ فِيمَا أَوْجَبَ لَهَا مِنْ نِصْفِ الْمَهْرِ أَنْ تَعْفُوَ، وَجَعَلَ لِلَّذِي يَلِي عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ لَهَا الصَّدَاقَ ⦗٢٤٠⦘،\n\n١٤٣٥٧ - وَبَيِّنٌ عِنْدِي فِي الْآيَةِ أَنَّ الَّذِيَ بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ الزَّوْجُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْفُو مَنْ لَهُ مَا يَعْفُوهُ،\n\n١٤٣٥٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَحَضَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْعَفْوِ وَالْفَضْلِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَنْسَوَا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧]\n\n١٤٣٥٩ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ الزَّوْجُ","vol":"10","page":239},{"text":"١٤٣٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَنِي عَلِيٌّ ﵁، «عَنِ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ؟» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: هُوَ الْوَلِيُّ، قَالَ: «لَا، بَلْ هُوَ الزَّوْجُ»","vol":"10","page":240},{"text":"١٤٣٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الزَّاهِدُ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكِ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْمِسْوَرِ، عَنْ وَاصِلِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا حَتَّى طَلَّقَهَا فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا بِالصَّدَاقِ تَامًّا فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْعَفْوِ»\n\n١٤٣٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ فِي سِيَاقِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَنْسَوَا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧]","vol":"10","page":240},{"text":"١٤٣٦٣ - وَأُخْبِرْنَا: أَنَّ جُبَيْرَ بْنَ مُطْعِمٍ دَخَلَ عَلَى سَعْدٍ يَعُودُهُ فَبُشِّرَ سَعْدٌ بِجَارِيَةٍ، فَعَرَضَهَا عَلَى جُبَيْرٍ، فَقَبِلَهَا فَزَوَّجَهُ إِيَّاهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ بِالْمَهْرِ تَامًّا فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَا دَعَاكَ إِلَى هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ:  «عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ ابْنَتَهُ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّهَا وَكَانَتْ صَبِيَّةً فَطَلَّقْتُهَا»، قِيلَ: فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ قَالَ: \" فَأَيْنَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَنْسَوَا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧]، فَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِالْفَضْلِ \"،\n\n١٤٣٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ الزَّوْجُ\n\n١٤٣٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الرَّاوِيَةُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ، فَرَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ، وَرَوَى خُصَيْفٌ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ كِلَاهُمَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: هُوَ الزَّوْجُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: هُوَ الْوَلِيُّ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: هُوَ أَبُوهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: هُوَ أَبُو الْجَارِيَةِ الْبِكْرِ","vol":"10","page":241},{"text":"١٤٣٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ:  «الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ الزَّوْجُ»","vol":"10","page":241},{"text":"١٤٣٦٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ يَعْنِي عَبْدَ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ الزَّوْجُ»،\n\n١٤٣٦٨ - رَفَعَهُ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ، وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّدَاقِ وَهُوَ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ مَشْهُوَرٌ","vol":"10","page":241},{"text":"١٤٣٦٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ الزَّوْجُ»،\n\n١٤٣٧٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: هُوَ الزَّوْجُ،\n\n١٤٣٧١ - وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَبِهِ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَنَافِعُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ،\n\n١٤٣٧٢ - وَقَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ: هُوَ الْوَلِيُّ،\n\n١٤٣٧٣ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَأَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ،\n\n١٤٣٧٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، مِثْلُ الْأَوَّلِ، وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":242},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-991>الْخَلْوَةُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ</span>","vol":"10","page":243},{"text":"١٤٣٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ  «قَضَى فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا الرَّجُلُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أُرْخِيَتِ السُّتُورُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ»","vol":"10","page":243},{"text":"١٤٣٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا دَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ بِامْرَأَتِهِ، فَأُرْخِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمَا السُّتُورُ، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ»","vol":"10","page":243},{"text":"١٤٣٧٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فِي الرَّجُلُ يَخْلُو بِالْمَرْأَةِ، فَيَقُولُ: لَمْ أَمَسَّهَا، وَتَقُولُ: قَدْ مَسَّنِي قَالَ: «الْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهَا»،\n\n١٤٣٧٨ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ يَقُولُ: الْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهَا مَعَ يَمِينِهَا فِي الْإِصَابَةِ إِذَا ادَّعَتْهَا وَجَحَدَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ اعْتِبَارِ الْخَلْوَةِ وَيُوجِبُهُ بِالْخَلْوَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ دَعْوَى الْإِصَابَةِ،\n\n١٤٣٧٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيًّا قَالَا: إِذَا أَغْلَقَ بَابًا وَأَرْخَى سِتْرًا فَلَهَا الصَّدَاقُ كَامِلًا وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ،\n\n١٤٣٨٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵄،\n\n١٤٣٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ مَالِكًا عُمَرُ تَبَيَّنَ أَنَّهُ يَقْضِي بِالْمَهْرِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَعِ الْمَسِيسَ لِقَوْلِهِ: مَا ذَنْبُهُنَّ إِنْ جَاءَ الْعَجْزُ مِنْ قِبَلِكُمْ،\n\n١٤٣٨٢ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ وَيَقُولُ: عُمَرُ أَعْلَمُ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِالَّتِي طُلِّقَتْ قَبْلَ الْمَسِّ الَّتِي لَمْ يَخْلُ بِهَا وَتُخَلِّي بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ نَفْسِهَا،\n\n١٤٣٨٣ - ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَلَوْ خَالَفَنَا فِي هَذَا مُخَالِفٌ كَانَ قَوْلُهُ مَذْهَبًا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَجِبُ الْمَهْرُ كَامِلًا بِالْمَسِيسِ دُونَ الْإِغْلَاقِ، وَالْقَوْلُ فِي الْمَسِيسِ قَوْلُ الزَّوْجِ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ، وَاعْتَمَدَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى ظَاهَرِ الْكِتَابِ","vol":"10","page":244},{"text":"١٤٣٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَيَخْلُو بِهَا وَلَا يَمَسُّهَا ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا: \" لَيْسَ لَهَا إِلَّا نِصْفُ الصَّدَاقِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧] \"\n\n١٤٣٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا أَقُولُ وَهُوَ ظَاهِرُ الْكِتَابِ،\n\n١٤٣٨٦ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَشُرَيْحٍ،\n\n١٤٣٨٧ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٤٣٨٨ - وَعَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، وَعَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنْبَأَنِيهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «لَهَا نِصْفُ الصَّدَاقِ وَإِنْ جَلَسَ بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهَا»،\n\n١٤٣٨٩ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ غَيْرَ أَنَّ الشَّعْبِيَّ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَلَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَرِوَايَةُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ تُؤَكِّدُهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ انْقِطَاعًا يُقَالُ إِنَّهَا عَنْ صَحِيفَةَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٢٤٦⦘،\n\n١٤٣٩٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا: «مِنْ كَشَفَ امْرَأَةً، فَنَظَرَ إِلَى عَوْرَتِهَا، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ»،\n\n١٤٣٩١ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَيَنْفَرِدُ بِأَحَدِ أَسَانِيدِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، وَبِالْأُخْرَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَكِلَاهُمَا غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٤٣٩٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى قَالَ: قَضَاءُ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ أَنَّهُ: مَنْ أَغْلَقَ بَابًا وَأَرْخَى سِتْرًا فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ وَالْعِدَّةُ، فَإِنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ زُرَارَةُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُمْ وَهُوَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ مِنَ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ مَوْصُولٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"10","page":245},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-992>بَابُ الْمُتْعَةِ</span>","vol":"10","page":247},{"text":"١٤٣٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ ⦗٢٤٨⦘ قَالَ:  «لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ مُتْعَةٌ إِلَّا الَّتِي فُرِضَ لَهَا صَدَاقٌ وَلَمْ يُدْخَلْ بِهَا فَحَسْبُهَا نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ»\n\n١٤٣٩٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"10","page":247},{"text":"١٤٣٩٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ مُتْعَةٌ»\n\n١٤٣٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا نَحْوُ قَوْلِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَقَدْ فَرَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ","vol":"10","page":248},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-993>بَابُ الْوَلِيمَةِ</span>","vol":"10","page":249},{"text":"١٤٣٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «إِتْيَانُ دَعْوَةِ الْوَلِيمَةِ حَقٌّ، وَالْوَلِيمَةُ الَّتِي تُعْرَفُ وَلِيمَةُ الْعُرْسِ»","vol":"10","page":249},{"text":"١٤٣٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا دُعِيَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الْوَلِيمَةِ فَلْيَأْتِهَا»،\n\n١٤٣٩٩ - وَكَانَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَى الْعُرْسِ\n\n١٤٤٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكُلُّ دَعْوَةٍ دُعِيَ إِلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ فَاسْمُ الْوَلِيمَةِ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَا أُرَخِّصُ لِأَحَدٍ فِي تَرْكِهَا","vol":"10","page":249},{"text":"١٤٤٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا دَعَا أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ فَلْيُجِبْ عُرْسًا كَانَ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ» ⦗٢٥٠⦘،\n\n١٤٤٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ تَرَكَهَا لَمْ يَبِنْ لِي أَنَّهُ عَاصٍ فِي تَرْكِهَا كَمَا تَبَيَّنَ لِي فِي وَلِيمَةِ الْعُرْسِ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: لِأَنِّي لَمْ أَعْلَمِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَرَكَ الْوَلِيمَةَ عَلَى عُرْسٍ وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْهُ أَوْلَمَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ أَنْ يُولِمَ وَلَوْ بِشَاةٍ، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْهُ أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ - أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ -: أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ، حَتَّى أَوْلَمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى صَفِيَّةَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ بِسَوِيقٍ وَتَمْرٍ،\n\n١٤٤٠٣ - حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الصَّدَاقِ","vol":"10","page":249},{"text":"١٤٤٠٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ صَفِيَّةَ فَفِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا وَائِلُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ ابْنِهِ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَوْلَمَ عَلَى صَفِيَّةَ بِسَوِيقٍ وَتَمْرٍ»،\n\n١٤٤٠٥ - وَذَكَرْنَا فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: «التَّمْرَ وَالسَّوِيقَ وَالسَّمْنَ»،\n\n١٤٤٠٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنِ التَّمْرِ وَالْأَقْطِ وَالسَّمْنِ،\n\n١٤٤٠٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَكَأَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهَا جَمِيعُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"10","page":250},{"text":"١٤٤٠٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ:  «مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْلَمَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ مَا أَوْلَمَ عَلَى زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ، أَوْلَمَ بِشَاةٍ»","vol":"10","page":251},{"text":"١٤٤٠٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ،  «بَنَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِامْرَأَةٍ فَأَرْسَلَنِي فَدَعَوْتُ رِجَالًا إِلَى الطَّعَامِ»\n\n١٤٤١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَدْعُوُّ صَائِمًا أَجَابَ وَبَارَكَ وَانْصَرَفَ وَلَمْ يُحَتَّمْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ، وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لَوْ فَعَلَ إِنْ كَانَ صَوْمُهُ غَيْرَ وَاجِبٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ رَبُّ الْوَلِيمَةِ","vol":"10","page":251},{"text":"١٤٤١١ - قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا دُعِيَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى طَعَامٍ فَلْيُجِبْ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيَطْعَمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ صَائِمًا فَلْيُصَلِّ»، يَعْنِي: الدُّعَاءَ","vol":"10","page":251},{"text":"١٤٤١٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِذَا دُعِيَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيُجِبْ، فَإِنْ شَاءَ طَعِمَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ»","vol":"10","page":251},{"text":"١٤٤١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ،  «دَعَا نَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَاهُ فِيهِمْ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ»، وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: «مُبَارَكٌ وَانْصَرَفَ»","vol":"10","page":252},{"text":"١٤٤١٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، سَمِعَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي يَزِيدَ يَقُولُ: دَعَا أَبِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، فَأَتَاهُ فَجَلَسَ وَوَضَعَ الطَّعَامَ، فَمَدَّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يَدَهُ وَقَالَ: «خُذُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ»، وَقَبَضَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَدَهُ وَقَالَ: «إِنِّي صَائِمٌ»،\n\n١٤٤١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n١٤٤١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ - وَإِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَوْ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَسُولُ ابْنِ صَفْوَانَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ وَهُوَ يُعَالِجُ زَمْزَمَ يَدْعُوهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ فَأَمَرَهُمْ فَقَامُوا وَاسْتَعْفَاهُ وَقَالَ: إِنْ لَمْ يُعْفِنِي جِئْتُهُ\n\n١٤٤١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ دُعِيَ إِلَى الْوَلِيمَةِ وَفِيهَا الْمَعْصِيَةُ نَهَاهُمْ، فَإِنْ نَحَّوْا ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ وَإِلَّا لَمْ أُحِبُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ","vol":"10","page":252},{"text":"١٤٤١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ وَالْآخِرِ فَلَا يَقْعُدُ عَلَى مَائِدَةٍ يُدَارُ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرُ»\n\n١٤٤١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ رَأَى صُوَرًا فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يُدْعَى فِيهِ ذَوَاتُ أَرْوَاحٍ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ، إِنْ كَانَتْ مَنْصُوبَةً لَا تُوطَأُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ تُوطَأُ أَوْ كَانَتْ صُوَرًا غَيْرَ ذَوَاتِ أَرْوَاحٍ مِثْلَ صُوَرِ الشَّجَرِ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا","vol":"10","page":252},{"text":"١٤٤٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْبَيْتُ الَّذِي فِيهِ الصُّوَرُ لَا تَدْخُلُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ»","vol":"10","page":253},{"text":"١٤٤٢١ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ سَفَرٍ وَقَدْ سَتَرْتُ عَلَى بَابِي دُرْنُوكًا فِيهِ الْخَيْلُ أُولَاتُ الْأَجْنِحَةِ، فَأَمَرَنِي فَنَزَعْتُهُ»\n\n١٤٤٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ،\n\n١٤٤٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ: «فَقَطَعْنَاهُ فَجَعَلْنَا مِنْهُ وِسَادَةً أَوْ وِسَادَتَيْنِ»،\n\n١٤٤٢٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «فَنَزَعَهُ فَقَطَعْتُهُ وِسَادَتَيْنِ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَرْتَفِقُ عَلَيْهِمَا» ⦗٢٥٤⦘، وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"10","page":253},{"text":"١٤٤٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ صَوَّرَ صُورَةً عُذِّبَ وَكُلِّفَ أَنْ يَنْفُخَ فِيهَا وَلَيْسَ بِنَافِخٍ»\n\n١٤٤٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ⦗٢٥٥⦘،\n\n١٤٤٢٧ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ قَالَ: «فَرَبَا الرَّجُلُ رَبْوَةً شَدِيدَةً»، يَعْنِي الَّذِي سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَيْحَكَ إِنْ أَبَيْتَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَصْنَعَ فَعَلَيْكَ بِهَذَا الشَّجَرِ وَمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ رُوحٌ","vol":"10","page":254},{"text":"١٤٤٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ جَاءَ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَعَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَوْتَهُ فَقَالَ: «ادْخُلْ»، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ فِي الْبَيْتِ سِتْرًا فِي الْحَائِطِ فِيهِ تَمَاثِيلُ فَاقْطَعُوا رُءُوسَهَا وَاجْعَلُوهُ بُسُطًا أَوْ وَسَائِدَ، فَاوْطَئُوهُ، فَإِنَّا لَا نَدْخُلُ بَيْتًا فِيهِ تَمَاثِيلُ\n\n١٤٤٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَمُرِّ بِرَأْسِ التِّمْثَالِ يُقْطَعُ فَيَصِيرَ كَهَيْئَةِ الشَّجَرَةِ\n\n١٤٤٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كَانَتِ الْمَنَازِلُ مُسْتَتِرَةً فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا وَلَيْسَ فِي التَّسَتُّرِ شَيْءٌ أَكْرَهُهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ السَّرَفِ","vol":"10","page":255},{"text":"١٤٤٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ النَّمَطِ الَّذِي سَتَرَتْهُ عَلَى الْبَابِ قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَأَى النَّمَطَ عَرَفْتُ الْكَرَاهَةَ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَجَذَبَهُ حَتَّى هَتَكَهُ وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْنَا أَنْ نَكْسُوا الْحِجَارَةَ وَالطِّينَ» قَالَتْ: فَقَطَعْنَا مِنْهُ وِسَادَتَيْنِ، فَلَمْ يَعِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ","vol":"10","page":255},{"text":"١٤٤٣٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثٍ مُنْقَطِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا:  «لَا تَسْتُرُوا الْجُدُرَ بِالثِّيَابِ»","vol":"10","page":256},{"text":"وَفِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ مُنْقَطِعٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ  «نَهَى أَنْ تُسْتَرَ الْجُدُرُ»","vol":"10","page":256},{"text":"١٤٤٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُحِبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ إِذَا دَعَا الرَّجُلَ إِلَى طَعَامٍ أَنْ يُجِيبَهُ، بَلَغَنَا، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «لَوْ أُهْدِيَ إِلَيَّ ذِرَاعٌ لَقَبِلْتُ وَلَوْ دُعِيتُ إِلَى كُرَاعٍ لَأَجَبْتُ»،\n\n١٤٤٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ بِالْكُوفَةِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"10","page":256},{"text":"١٤٤٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَتَى أَبَا طَلْحَةَ وَجَمَاعَةٌ مَعَهُ فَأَكَلُوا عِنْدَهُ» ⦗٢٥٧⦘، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي غَيْرِ وَلِيمَةٍ\n\n١٤٤٣٦ - قَوْلُهُ: وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي غَيْرِ وَلِيمَةٍ مِنْ قَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀\n\n١٤٤٣٧ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَدَعَتِ امْرَأَةُ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَنَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَأَتَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ دَعَتْ، فَأَكَلُوا عِنْدَهَا،\n\n١٤٤٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنِّي لَأَحْفَظُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدْ أَجَابَ إِلَى غَيْرِ دَعْوَةٍ فِي غَيْرِ وَلِيمَةٍ","vol":"10","page":256},{"text":"١٤٤٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: دَعَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى طَعَامٍ صَنَعَتْهُ لَهُ، فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ، فَإِذَا هِيَ قَدْ رَشَّتْ تَحْتَ صُورٍ وَذَبَحَتْ وَوَدَّكَتْ عَنَاقًا لَهَا، «فَجَاءَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخُبْزٍ وَلَحْمٍ، فَأَكَلَ وَأَكَلْنَا مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ بِخُبْزٍ وَلَحْمٍ، فَأَكَلَ وَأَكَلْنَا مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعَصْرَ وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ»\n\n١٤٤٤٠ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ،\n\n١٤٤٤١ - وَهَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةَ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"10","page":258},{"text":"١٤٤٤٢ - فَقَدْ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الْمَدَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ زَارَ عَمْرَةَ امْرَأَةَ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ فَذَبَحَتْ لَهُ وَلِأَصْحَابِهِ شَاةً فَأَكَلُوا، ثُمَّ قَامُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ»،\n\n١٤٤٤٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ","vol":"10","page":258},{"text":"١٤٤٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُكْنَى أَبَا شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَرَفْتُ فِي وَجْهِهِ الْجُوعَ، فَأَتَيْتُ غُلَامًا لِي قَصَّابًا فَأَمَرْتُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَنَا طَعَامًا لِخَمْسَةِ رِجَالٍ، ثُمَّ دَعَوْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ خَامِسَ خَمْسَةٍ، وَتَبِعَهُمْ رَجُلٌ فَلَمَّا ⦗٢٥٩⦘ بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْبَابَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذَا قَدْ تَبِعَنَا فَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَأْذَنَ لَهُ، وَإِلَّا رَجَعَ»، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"10","page":258},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-994>السُّنَّةُ فِي الْأَكْلِ وَالشُّرْبِ مِنْ كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ</span>","vol":"10","page":260},{"text":"١٤٤٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ ⦗٢٦١⦘ جَابِرٍ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يَأْكُلَ الرَّجُلُ بِشِمَالِهِ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثْنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٤٤٤٦ - زَادُوا: «وَيَمْشِي فِي نَعْلٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَأَنْ يَشْتَمِلَ الصَّمَّاءَ وَأَنْ يَحْتَبِيَ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ كَاشِفًا عَنْ فَرْجِهِ»","vol":"10","page":260},{"text":"١٤٤٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَأْكُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ فِي مِعًى وَاحِدٍ، وَالْكَافِرُ يَأْكُلُ فِي سَبْعَةِ أَمْعَاءٍ» ⦗٢٦٢⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"10","page":261},{"text":"١٤٤٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ: «كَانَ أَحَبَّ الشَّرَابِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحُلْوُ الْبَارِدُ»\n\n١٤٤٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ كَانَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"10","page":262},{"text":"١٤٤٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سُئِلَ: أَيُّ الشَّرَابِ أَطْيَبُ؟ قَالَ: «الْحُلْوُ الْبَارِدُ»، هَكَذَا مُنْقَطِعًا وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ","vol":"10","page":262},{"text":"١٤٤٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُنْفَخَ فِي الْإِنَاءِ أَوْ يُتَنَفَّسَ فِيهِ» ⦗٢٦٣⦘\n\n١٤٤٥٢ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ","vol":"10","page":262},{"text":"١٤٤٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الَّذِي ثَبَتَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَتَنَفَّسُ فِي الْإِنَاءِ ثَلَاثًا»، فَهُوَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَشْرَبُهُ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ","vol":"10","page":263},{"text":"١٤٤٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمٌ الْأَحْوَلُ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِدَلْوٍ مِنْ مَاءِ زَمْزَمَ فَنُزِعَ لَهُ فَشَرِبَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ» ⦗٢٦٤⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"10","page":263},{"text":"١٤٤٥٥ - وَثَبَتَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ أَنَّهُ شَرِبَ قَائِمًا، وَقَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَلَ كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي فَعَلْتُ»،\n\n١٤٤٥٦ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ زَجَرَ عَنِ الشُّرْبِ قَائِمًا، وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَشْرَبَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ قَائِمًا، فَمَنْ شَرِبَ قَائِمًا فَلْيَسْتَقِئْ» فَإِنَّهُ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْسُوخًا أَوْ وَرَدَ عَلَى طَرِيقِ التَّنْزِيهِ وَالتَّأْدِيبِ،\n\n١٤٤٥٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَشَرِبَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ، وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ عَرَفَ وُرُودَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ التَّنْزِيهِ وَالتَّأْدِيبِ، أَوْ عَلِمَ فِيهِ نَسْخًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٤٤٥٨ - وَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ الْقُتَيْبِيُّ عَلَى شُرْبِهِ قَائِمًا وَهُوَ يَسِيرُ غَيْرُ مُطْمَئِنٍّ لِئَلَّا يُصِيبَ مَنْ شَرِبَهُ أَذًى، فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ قَائِمًا لَا يَسِيرُ فَلَا بَأْسَ ⦗٢٦٥⦘،\n\n١٤٤٥٩ - قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَرَوْا بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا","vol":"10","page":264},{"text":"١٤٤٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ اخْتِنَاثِ الْأَسْقِيَةِ أَنْ يُشْرَبَ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِهَا»\n\n١٤٤٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَنْ يُكْسَرْ فَيُشْرَبْ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِهَا»","vol":"10","page":265},{"text":"١٤٤٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ اخْتِنَاثِ الْأَسْقِيَةِ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ،\n\n١٤٤٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: لَقَدْ شَرِبَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ فَمِ سِقَاءٍ فَانْسَابَ فِي بَطْنِهِ جَانٌّ، فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗٢٦٦⦘،\n\n١٤٤٦٤ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أُنْبِئْتُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا شَرِبَ مِنْ فِيِّ السِّقَاءِ، فَخَرَجَتْ حَيَّةٌ»،\n\n١٤٤٦٥ - وَرَوَاهُ زَمْعَةُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ وَهْرَامَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَجُلًا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ النَّهْيِ فَخَرَجَتْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُ حَيَّةٌ»،\n\n١٤٤٦٦ - وَرَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ يُنْتِنُهُ»،\n\n١٤٤٦٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى قَالَ هِشَامٌ: فَإِنَّهُ يُنْتِنُهُ ذَلكَ","vol":"10","page":265},{"text":"١٤٤٦٨ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ جَدَّةٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهَا كَبْشَةُ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَرَأَى عِنْدَهَا قِرْبَةً مُعَلَّقَةً، فَشَرِبَ مِنْ فِيهَا وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ، فَقَطَعَتْ فَمَ الْقِرْبَةِ فَكَانَ عِنْدَهَا»\n\n١٤٤٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ مُخْتَصَرًا لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْقَطْعَ","vol":"10","page":266},{"text":"١٤٤٧٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ - عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَعَا بِإِدَاوَةٍ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَقَالَ: «أَحْنِثْ فَمَ الْإِدَاوَةِ، ثُمَّ اشْرَبْ مِنْ فِيهَا»\n\n١٤٤٧١ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ ﵀: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّهْيُ إِنَّمَا جَاءَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ إِذَا شَرِبَ مِنَ السِّقَاءِ الْكَبِيرِ دُونَ الْإِدَاوَةِ وَنَحْوِهَا، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا أَبَاحَهُ لِلضَّرُورَةِ وَالْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْوَقْتِ، وَإِنَّمَا الْمَنْهِيُّ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَهُ الْإِنْسَانُ عَادَةً\n\n١٤٤٧٢ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ لِسِعَةِ فَمِ السِّقَاءِ، يَتَصَبَّبُ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءُ،\n\n١٤٤٧٣ - وَقَالَ فِي نَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ الشُّرْبِ مِنْ ثُلْمَةِ الْقَدَحِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا شُرِبَ مِنْهَا تَصَبَّبَ الْمَاءُ وَسَالَ قَطْرُهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الثُّلْمَةَ لَا تَتَمَاسَكُ عَلَيْهَا شَفَةُ الشَّارِبِ كَمَا يَتَمَاسَكُ عَلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٤٤٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ خَبَرَ النَّهْيِ بَعْدَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَالْمَعْنَى فِيهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ تَنْحِيَةُ الْأَذَى عَنِ الشَّارِبِ عِنْدَ شُرْبِهِ وَعَنْ غَيْرِهِ فِيمَا أَنْفَى فِيهِ كَمَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمَكِّيِّ، ثُمَّ رُوِّينَا عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٤٤٧٥ - وَفَرَّقَ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ فِي الْكَرَاهَةِ بَيْنَ الْمُعَلَّقِ وَغَيْرِهِ عَلَى ظَاهِرِ الْخَبَرِ وَإِنَّ هَوَامَّ الْأَرْضِ لَا يُخَافُ دُخَولُهَا الْمُعَلَّقَ","vol":"10","page":267},{"text":"١٤٤٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَأَيْتُ عِنْدَهُ الدُّبَّاءَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «نُكْثِرُ بِهِ طَعَامَنَا»","vol":"10","page":268},{"text":"١٤٤٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَكَرِيَّا، وَمِسْعَرٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْأَقْمَرِ، عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا آكُلُ مُتَّكِئًا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤَمَّلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْفَرَّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ","vol":"10","page":268},{"text":"١٤٤٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كَلَامٍ ذَكَرَهُ: رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ  «أَمَرَ الْآكِلَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِمَّا يَلِيهِ وَأَلَّا يَأْكُلَ مِنْ رَأْسِ الثَّرِيدِ، وَنَهَى أَنْ يَقْرِنَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَكَلَ بَيْنَ التَّمْرَتَيْنِ»","vol":"10","page":268},{"text":"١٤٤٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْحَذَّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِيهِ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ وَهْبِ ⦗٢٦٩⦘ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ يَتِيمًا فِي حِجْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَكَانَتْ يَدِي تَطِيشُ فِي الصَّحْفَةِ، فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَكَلْتَ فَسَمِّ اللَّهَ وَكُلْ مِمَّا يَلِيكَ» قَالَ: فَمَا زَالَتْ تِلْكَ طَعْمَتِي بَعْدُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"10","page":268},{"text":"١٤٤٨٠ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ هُوَ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ وَسَطَ الْقَصْعَةِ فَكُلُوا مِنْ نَوَاحِيهَا وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ رَأْسِهَا»","vol":"10","page":269},{"text":"١٤٤٨١ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي مَيْسَرَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَبَلَةُ بْنُ سُحَيْمٍ قَالَ ⦗٢٧٠⦘: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَقْرِنَ الرَّجُلُ تَمْرَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنَ أَصْحَابَهُ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ خَلَّادِ بْنِ يَحْيَى وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ","vol":"10","page":269},{"text":"١٤٤٨٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْكُلُ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَصَابِعَ»","vol":"10","page":270},{"text":"١٤٤٨٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي غَسْلِ الْيَدِ قَبْلَ الطَّعَامِ وَبَعْدَهُ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ أَنَّ بَرَكَةَ الطَّعَامِ الْوُضُوءُ قَبْلَهُ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ:  «بَرَكَةُ الطَّعَامِ الْوُضُوءُ قَبْلَهُ وَالْوُضُوءُ بَعْدَهُ»","vol":"10","page":270},{"text":"١٤٤٨٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «مَنْ نَامَ وَفِي يَدِهِ غَمْرٌ وَلَمْ يَغْسِلْهُ فَأَصَابَهُ شَيْءٌ فَلَا يَلُومَنَّ إِلَّا نَفْسَهُ» ⦗٢٧١⦘\n\n١٤٤٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: السُّنَّةُ فِي غَسْلِ الْيَدِ بَعْدَ الطَّعَامِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ لَهُ دُسُومَةٌ، إِسْنَادُهَا حَسَنٌ، فَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ فِي بَرَكَةِ الطَّعَامِ الْوُضُوءُ قَبْلَهُ فَإِنَّ رِوَايَةَ قَيْسِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ، وَقَيْسٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ\n\n١٤٤٨٦ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: كَانَ سُفْيَانُ يَكْرَهُ الْوُضُوءَ قَبْلَ الطَّعَامِ،\n\n١٤٤٨٧ - وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِالْقَوِيِّ يَعْنِي حَدِيثَ قَيْسٍ","vol":"10","page":270},{"text":"١٤٤٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ الْحَدِيثَ الصَّحِيحَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ فَأُتِيَ بِطَعَامٍ فَقِيلَ تَتَوَضَّأُ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَأُصَلِّي فَأَتَوَضَّأُ؟» ثُمَّ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَوْلَى الْأَدَبِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ مَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَأْكُلُ الْمَرْءُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ يَدَهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَسَّ يَدُهُ قَذَرًا","vol":"10","page":271},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-995>النُّثَارُ</span>\n١٤٤٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَإِذَا نُثِرَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي الْفَرَحِ فَأَخَذَهُ بَعْضُ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا مِمَّا يُجْرَحُ بِهِ شَهَادَةُ أَحَدٍ؛ لِأَنَّ كَثِيرًا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ هَذَا مُبَاحٌ حَلَالٌ؛ لِأَنَّ مَالِكَهُ إِنَّمَا طَرَحَهُ لِمَنْ أَخَذَهُ،\n\n١٤٤٩٠ - فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَأَكْرَهُهُ لِمَنْ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ مَنْ أَخَذَهُ وَلَا يَأْخُذُهُ إِلَّا بِغَلَبَةٍ لِمَنْ حَضَرَهُ، إِمَّا بِفَضْلِ قُوَّةٍ وَإِمَّا بِفَضْلِ قِلَّةِ حَيَاءٍ، وَالْمَالِكُ لَمْ يَقْصِدْ بِهِ قَصْدَهُ وَإِنَّمَا قَصَدَ بِهِ الْجَمَاعَةَ، فَأَكْرَهُهُ لِآخِذِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَعْرِفُ حَظَّهُ مِنْ حَظِّ مَنْ قُصِدَ بِهِ بِلَا إِذْنٍ وَأَنَّهُ خِفَّةٌ وَسَخَفٌ\n\n١٤٤٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: وَلَا يَبِينُ أَنَّهُ حَرَامٌ، وَذَلِكَ إِذَا أَذِنَ أَهْلُهُ فِي أَخْذِهِ،\n\n١٤٤٩٢ - فَأَمَّا الْكَرَاهَةُ فَهِيَ لِمَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَكَانَ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ يَكْرَهُهُ، وَكَرِهَهُ عَطَاءٌ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ،\n\n١٤٤٩٣ - وَقَوْلُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا كَرِهُوهُ خَوْفًا عَلَى الصِّبْيَانِ مِنَ النُّهْبَةِ فَهُوَ مَعْنًى آخَرُ مِنْ مَعَانِي الْكَرَاهَةِ،\n\n١٤٤٩٤ - وَلَيْسَ هَذَا كَمَا رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُرْطٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْبُدْنِ الَّتِي نَحَرَهَا: «مَنْ شَاءَ اقْتَطَعَ»، لِأَنَّهَا صَارَتْ مِلْكًا لِلْمَسَاكِينَ ⦗٢٧٣⦘ فَخَلَّى بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ أَمْلَاكِهِمْ وَهَاهُنَا بِالْإِذْنِ لَا يَزُولُ مُلْكُهُ حَتَّى يُؤْخَذَ، وَرُبَّمَا يَأْخُذُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ","vol":"10","page":272},{"text":"١٤٤٩٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ لُمَازَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي أَمْلَاكٍ فَجَاءَتِ الْجَوَارِي مَعَهُنَّ الْأَطْبَاقُ عَلَيْهَا اللُّوزُ وَالسُّكَّرُ، فَأَمْسَكَ الْقَوْمُ أَيْدِيهِمْ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَا تَنْتَهِبُونَ؟»، قَالُوا: إِنَّكَ كُنْتَ نَهَيْتَ عَنِ النُّهْبَةِ قَالَ: «تِلْكَ نُهْبَةُ الْعَسَاكِرِ، فَأَمَّا الْعُرُسَاتِ فَلَا» قَالَ: فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُجَاذِبُهُمْ وَيُجَاذِبُونَهُ،\n\n١٤٤٩٦ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ عَوْنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، وَعِصْمَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ لُمَازَةَ، وَكِلَاهُمَا لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِهِ، وَلُمَازَةُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ مَجْهُوَلٌ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ، مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَمَنْ طَعَنَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ اللَّذَيْنِ اتَّفَقَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِحَدِيثِهِمَا، ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ، وَعَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَأَمْثَالِهِمَا حِينَ رَوَوْا مَا يُخَالِفُ مُذْهَبَهُ ثُمَّ يَحْتَجُّ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حِينَ وَافَقَ مَذْهَبَهُ كَانَ تَابِعًا لِهَوَاهُ غَيْرُ سَالِكٍ سَبِيلَ النُّصْفَةِ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ،\n\n١٤٤٩٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ مَا يَقَعُ بِهِ الْكِفَايَةُ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"10","page":273},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-996>بَابُ الْقَسَمِ وَنُشُوزِ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ</span>\n١٤٤٩٨ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [النساء: ١٩]\n\n١٤٤٩٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَأَقَلُّ مَا يَجِبُ فِي أَمْرِهِ بِالْعِشْرَةِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ الزَّوْجُ إِلَى زَوْجَتِهِ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ وَكِسْوَةٍ وَتَرْكِ مَيْلٍ ظَاهِرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: ﴿فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٩]، وَجِمَاعُ الْمَعْرُوفِ إِتْيَانُ ذَلِكَ بِمَا يَحْسُنُ لَكَ ثَوَابُهُ وَكَفُّ الْمَكْرُوهِ،\n\n١٤٥٠٠ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: وَجِمَاعُ الْمَعْرُوفِ إِعْفَاءُ صَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الْمُؤْنَةِ فِي طَلَبِهِ وَأَدَاؤُهُ إِلَيْهِ بِطِيبِ النَّفْسِ لَا بِصَيْرُورَتِهِ إِلَى طَلَبِهِ وَلَا تَأْدِيَتِهِ بِإِظْهَارِ الْكَرَاهِيَةِ لِتَأْدِيَتِهِ، وَأَيُّهُمَا تَرَكَ فَظُلْمٌ؛ لِأَنَّ مَطْلَ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ، وَمَطْلُهُ تَأْخِيرُهُ الْحَقَّ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ لَهُنَّ فِيمَا لَهُنَّ، مِثْلُ مَا عَلَيْهِنَّ فِيمَا عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ أَنْ يُؤَدَّى إِلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ","vol":"10","page":274},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-997>خَوْفُهَا نُشُوزَ بَعْلِهَا وَتَرْكُهَا بَعْضَ حَقِّهَا لِيَصْطَلِحَا</span>","vol":"10","page":275},{"text":"١٤٥٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ ابْنَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، «فَكَرِهَ مِنْهَا أَمْرَهَا إِمَّا كِبَرًا وَإِمَّا غَيْرَةً، فَأَرَادَ طَلَاقَهَا»، فَقَالَتْ: لَا تُطَلِّقْنِي وَأَمْسِكْنِي وَاقْسِمْ لِي مَا بَدَا لَكَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا﴾ [النساء: ١٢٨] الْآيَةَ\n\n١٤٥٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَمَّ بِطَلَاقِ بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ فَقَالَتْ: لَا تُطَلِّقْنِي وَدَعْنِي حَتَّى يَحْشُرَنِي اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي نِسَائِكَ وَقَدْ وَهَبْتُ يَوْمِي وَلَيْلَتِي لِأُخْتِي عَائِشَةَ","vol":"10","page":275},{"text":"١٤٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ سَوْدَةَ، «وَهَبَتْ يَوْمَهَا لِعَائِشَةَ» ⦗٢٧٦⦘\n\n١٤٥٠٤ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، وَرَوَاهُ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"10","page":275},{"text":"١٤٥٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْ تِسْعِ نِسْوَةٍ وَكَانَ يَقْسِمُ لِثَمَانٍ»\n\n١٤٥٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ، فَيَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ حَبْسَ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى تَرْكِ بَعْضِ الْقَسْمِ لَهَا أَوْ كُلِّهِ مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسًا، فَإِذَا رَجَعَتْ فِيهِ لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ إِلَّا الْعَدْلُ لَهَا أَوْ فِرَاقُهَا\n\n١٤٥٠٧ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَلَلْنَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي مَرَضِهِ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"10","page":276},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-998>قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتُمْ فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ﴾ [</span>النساء: ١٢٩]\n١٤٥٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالتَّفْسِيرِ: ﴿وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٢٩]\n⦗٢٧٨⦘ بِمَا فِي الْقُلُوبِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ تَجَاوَزَ لِلْعِبَادِ عَمَّا فِي الْقُلُوبِ ﴿فَلَا تَمِيلُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٢٩]: لَا تَتَّبِعُوا أَهْوَاءَكُمْ ﴿كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٩] بِالْفِعْلِ مَعَ الْهَوَى، وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ مَا قَالَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٤٥٠٩ - قَالَ: وَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ عَوَامُّ عُلَمَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لِنِسَائِهِ بِعَدَدِ الْأَيَّامِ وَاللَّيَالِي، وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَعْدِلَ فِي ذَلِكَ لَا أَنَّهُ مُرَخَّصٌ لَهُ أَنْ يَجُوزَ فِيهِ، فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ مَا فِي الْقُلُوبِ مِمَّا قَدْ تَجَاوَزَ اللَّهُ لِلْعِبَادِ عَنْهُ فِيمَا هُوَ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الْمَيْلِ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٤٥١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ الْآيَاتِ فِي حُقُوقِ النِّسَاءِ: وَسَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقَسْمَ بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ فِيمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ قَسْمِهِ لِأَزْوَاجِهِ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَإِحْلَالِ سَوْدَةَ لَهُ يَوْمَهَا وَلَيْلَتَهَا،\n\n١٤٥١١ - وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ فَيَعْدِلُ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ هَذَا قَسْمِي فِيمَا أَمْلِكُ وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَا أَمْلِكُ»، يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ قَلْبَهُ،\n\n١٤٥١٢ - وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُطَافُ بِهِ مَحْمُولًا فِي مَرَضِهِ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ حَتَّى حَلَلْنَهُ ⦗٢٧٩⦘،\n\n١٤٥١٣ - وَتَكَلَّمَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ عَلَى الْآيَةِ بِمَعْنَى مَا سَبَقَ ذِكْرُهُ قَالَ: وَلَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ تَكُونَ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأُخْرَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَمْلِكُ مَا فِي الْقُلُوبِ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سُئِلَ أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «عَائِشَةُ»","vol":"10","page":277},{"text":"١٤٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيَكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ، فَمَالَ إِلَى إِحْدَاهُمَا جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشِقُّهُ مَائِلٌ»","vol":"10","page":279},{"text":"١٤٥١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْسِمُ فَيَعْدِلُ وَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ هَذَا قَسْمِي فِيمَا أَمْلِكُ، فَلَا تَلُمْنِي فِيمَا تَمْلِكُ وَلَا أَمْلِكُ» قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: يَعْنِي الْقَلْبَ","vol":"10","page":279},{"text":"١٤٥١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَرْحُومُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ بَابَنُوسَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جِيءَ بِهِ يُحْمَلُ فِي كِسَاءٍ بَيْنَ أَرْبَعَةٍ، فَأُدْخِلَ عَلَيَّ، فَقَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ ⦗٢٨٠⦘ أَرْسِلِي إِلَى النِّسَاءِ»، فَلَمَّا جِئْنَ قَالَ: «إِنِّي لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَخْتَلِفَ بَيْنَكُنَّ فَأْذَنَّ لِي فَأَكُونَ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ»، قُلْنَ: نَعَمْ","vol":"10","page":279},{"text":"١٤٥١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ يَقُولُ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيْكَ؟ قَالَ: «عَائِشَةُ»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ خَالِدٍ","vol":"10","page":280},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-999>كَيْفَ الْقَسْمُ</span>؟","vol":"10","page":281},{"text":"١٤٥١٨ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ الْقَسْمِ مَعْنَى مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي، «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الْقَسْمِ مِنْ مُكْثِهِ عِنْدَنَا، وَكَانَ قَلَّ يَوْمٌ إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَطُوفَ عَلَيْنَا جَمِيعًا، فَيَدْنُو مِنْ كُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَسِيسٍ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ إِلَى الَّتِي هُوَ يَوْمُهَا، فَيَبِيتُ عِنْدَهَا»، وَلَقَدْ قَالَتْ سَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ حِينَ أَسَنَّتْ وَفَرِقَتْ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، يَوْمِي لِعَائِشَةَ، فَقَبِلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهَا قَالَتْ: نَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَفِي أَشْبَاهِهَا: أُرَاهُ قَالَ: ﴿إِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا﴾ [النساء: ١٢٨]\n\n١٤٥١٩ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «فَيُقَبِّلُ، وَيَلْمِسُ مَا دُونَ الْوِقَاعِ»،\n\n١٤٥٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَإِذَا مَرِضَ عَدَلَ بَيْنَهُنَّ كَمَا يَعْدِلُ بَيْنَهُنَّ صَحِيحًا،\n\n١٤٥٢١ - بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ فِي مَرَضِهِ يُطَافُ بِهِ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ وَاشْتَدَّ مَرَضُهُ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَ: «عِنْدَ مَنْ أَنَا غَدًا، عِنْدَ مَنْ أَنَا بَعْدَ غَدٍ، عِنْدَ مَنْ أَنَا الَّذِي يَلِيهِ؟»، فَعَرَفُوا مَا يُرِيدُ فَحَلَلْنَهُ مِنْ أَيَّامِهِنَّ وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ، فَمُرِّضَ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ حَتَّى قُبِضَ فِيهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ مَوْتُهُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَدُورُ فِيهِ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ ⦗٢٨٢⦘،\n\n١٤٥٢٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"10","page":281},{"text":"١٤٥٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَسَدِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ:  «إِذَا نُكِحَتِ الْحَرَّةُ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ فَلِهَذِهِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَلِهَذِهِ الثُّلُثُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٤٥٢٤ - وَرَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٤٥٢٥ - وَرَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ، عَنْ زِرٍّ، وَعَبَّادٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٤٥٢٦ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ\n\n١٤٥٢٧ - وَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنَّ الْحُرَّةَ إِذَا قَامَتْ عَلَى ضِرَارٍ فَلَهَا يَوْمَانِ وَلِلْأَمَةِ يَوْمٌ\n\n١٤٥٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ فِي الْيَهُوَدِيَّةِ وَالْمُسْلِمَةِ قَالَا: يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءً","vol":"10","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1000>بَابُ الْحَالِ الَّتِي يَخْتَلِفُ فِيهَا حَالُ النِّسَاءِ</span>","vol":"10","page":283},{"text":"١٤٥٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ، وَأَصْبَحَتْ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهَا: «لَيْسَ بِكِ عَلَى أَهْلِكِ هَوَانٌ، إِنْ شِئْتِ سَبَّعْتُ عِنْدَكِ وَسَبَّعْتُ عِنْدَهُنَّ، وَإِنْ شِئْتِ ثَلَّثْتُ عِنْدَكِ وَدُرْتُ»، فَقَالَتْ: ثَلِّثْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٤٥٣٠ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ، فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنْ شِئْتِ زِدْتُكِ وَحَاسَبْتُكِ بِهِ، لِلْبِكْرِ سَبْعٌ وَلِلثَّيِّبِ ثَلَاثٌ»","vol":"10","page":283},{"text":"١٤٥٣١ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، مَوْصُولًا كَمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ أَقَامَ عِنْدَهَا ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ بِكِ عَلَى أَهْلِكِ هَوَانٌ، إِنْ شِئْتِ سَبَّعْتُ لَكِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ سَبَّعْتُ لِنِسَائِي» ⦗٢٨٤⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ،\n\n١٤٥٣٢ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ أَيْمَنَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n١٤٥٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَحْفُوظٍ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"10","page":283},{"text":"١٤٥٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ أَخْبَرَاهُ، أَنَّهُمَا سَمِعَا أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ: أَنَّهَا لَمَّا قَدِمَتِ الْمَدِينَةَ أَخْبَرَتْهُمْ أَنَّهَا ابْنَةُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَكَذَّبُوهَا، وَقَالُوا: مَا أَكْذَبَ الْغَرَائِبَ حَتَّى أَنْشَأَ أُنَاسٌ، - أَوْ قَالَ نَاسٌ - مِنْهُمُ الْحَجَّ، فَقَالُوا: أَتَكْتُبِينَ إِلَى أَهْلِكِ؟ فَكَتَبْتُ مَعَهُمْ، فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَتْ: فَصَدَّقُونِي وَازْدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ كَرَامَةً، فَلَمَّا حَلَلْتُ جَاءَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَطَبَنِي، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا مِثْلِي نُكَحٌ أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَا وَلَدَ فِيَّ، وَأَنَا غَيُورٌ ذَاتُ عِيَالٍ قَالَ: «أَنَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْكِ، وَأَمَّا الْغَيْرَةُ فَيُذْهِبُهَا اللَّهُ، وَأَمَّا الْعِيَالُ فَإِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ»، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَعَلَ يَأْتِيهَا وَيَقُولُ: «أَيْنَ زُنَابُ؟»، حَتَّى جَاءَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ فَاخْتَلَجَهَا وَقَالَ: هَذِهِ تَمْنَعُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَتْ تُرْضِعُهَا فَجَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «أَيْنَ زُنَابُ؟»، فَقَالَتْ قُرَيْبَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ وَوَافَقَهَا عِنْدَهَا: أَخَذَهَا عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنِّي آتِيكُمُ اللَّيْلَةَ»، فَقَالَتْ: فَقُمْتُ فَوَضَعْتُ نِعَالِي، وَأَخْرَجْتُ حَبَّاتٍ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ كَانَتْ فِي جَرَّةٍ، وَأَخْرَجْتُ شَحْمًا فَعَصَدْتُهُ لَهُ ⦗٢٨٥⦘ أَوْ صَعَدْتُهُ قَالَتْ: فَبَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْبَحَ، فَقَالَ حِينَ أَصْبَحَ: «إِنَّ لَكِ عَلَى أَهْلِكِ كَرَامَةً، فَإِنْ شِئْتِ سَبَّعْتُ لَكِ، وَإِنْ أُسَبِّعْ أُسَبِّعْ لِنِسَائِي»\n\n١٤٥٣٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ\n\n١٤٥٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ثَابِتٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"10","page":284},{"text":"١٤٥٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لِلْبِكْرِ سَبْعٌ وَلِلثَّيِّبِ ثَلَاثٌ»","vol":"10","page":285},{"text":"١٤٥٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لِلْبِكْرِ سَبْعٌ وَلِلثَّيِّبِ ثَلَاثٌ»، فَتِلْكُمُ السُّنَّةُ","vol":"10","page":285},{"text":"١٤٥٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ السَّهْمِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: «إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ بِكْرًا فَلَهَا سَبْعٌ ثُمَّ يَقْسِمُ، وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَهَا ثَيِّبًا فَلَهَا ثَلَاثٌ ثُمَّ يَقْسِمُ» ⦗٢٨٦⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"10","page":285},{"text":"١٤٥٤٠ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ:  «فَمِنَ السُّنَّةِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْبِكْرَ عَلَى الثَّيِّبِ أَقَامَ عِنْدَهَا سَبْعًا، وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الثَّيِّبَ عَلَى الْبِكْرِ أَقَامَ عِنْدَهَا ثَلَاثًا» وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، وَهُوَ فِي مَعْنَى الْمَرْفُوعِ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ بَعْضُهُمْ مَرْفُوعًا،\n\n١٤٥٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا دَخَلَ بِصَفِيَّةَ أَقَامَ عِنْدَهَا ثَلَاثًا وَكَانَتْ ثَيِّبًا»\n\n١٤٥٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حِكَايَةِ قَوْلِ مَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنْ شِئْتِ سَبَّعْتُ عِنْدَكِ وَسَبَّعْتُ عِنْدَهُنَّ، وَإِنْ شِئْتِ ثَلَّثْتُ عِنْدَكِ وَدُرْتُ»؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: فَلَمْ يُعْطِهَا فِي السَّبْعِ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْلَمَهَا أَنَّهُ يُعْطِي غَيْرَهَا مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٤٥٤٣ - وَقَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ ثَيِّبًا فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا إِلَّا ثَلَاثٌ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: إِنْ أَرَدْتِ حَقَّ الْبِكْرِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَى حُقُوقِ النِّسَاءِ وَأَشْرَفُهُ عِنْدَهُنَّ بِعَفْوِكِ حَقَّكِ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُونِي بِكْرًا فَيَكُنْ لَكِ سَبْعٌ، فَقُلْتُ: وَإِنْ لَمْ تُرِيدِي عَفْوَهُ وَأَرَدْتِ حَقَّكِ فَهُوَ ثَلَاثٌ\n\n١٤٥٤٤ - قَالَ: فَهَلْ لَهُ وَجْهٌ غَيْرُهُ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، إِنَّمَا يُخَيَّرُ مَنْ لَهُ حَقٌّ يُشْرِكُهُ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ فِي أَنْ يَتْرُكَ مِنْ حَقِّهِ، وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَلْزَمُكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ مِثْلَ مَا قُلْنَا لِأَنَّكَ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّكَ لَا تُخَالِفُ الْوَاحِدَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُ مِثْلُهُ، وَلَا تَعْلَمُ مُخَالِفًا لَهُ، يَعْنِي لِأَنَسٍ، وَالسُّنَّةُ أَلْزَمُ لَكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ فَتَرَكْتُهَا وَقَوْلَهُ ⦗٢٨٧⦘\n\n١٤٥٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ كَالْمَرْفُوعِ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ اللَّفْظَةُ الَّتِي رَوَاهَا حُمَيْدٌ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فَقَدْ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَهَا، بِلَامِ التَّمْلِيكِ، وَفَصَلَ بَيْنَ الْبِكْرِ وَالثَّيِّبِ،\n\n١٤٥٤٦ - وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَقَعُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْقَضَاءِ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ لَهَا وَلَا لِلْفَصْلِ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مَعْنًى وَلَمَا اخْتَارَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ حَقَّهَا حَيْثُ قَالَتْ: «ثَلِّثْ»، وَلَكَانَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي التَّثْلِيثِ كَقَوْلِهِ فِي التَّسْبِيعِ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ فِي التَّسْبِيعِ: «سَبَّعْتُ عِنْدَهُنَّ»، وَقَالَ فِي التَّثْلِيثِ: «ثُمَّ دُرْتُ»، فَاخْتَارَتِ التَّثْلِيثَ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ الثَّلَاثَ حَقٌّ لَهَا لَا يَقَعُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْقَضَاءِ، وَالتَّحْرِيفُ فِي الظَّوَاهِرِ مُمْكِنٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ جَرِيئًا عَلَى مُخَالَفَةِ السُّنَّةِ، وَهِيَ عَلَى ظُهُوَرِهَا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ مَا هُوَ أَقْوَى أَوْ أَخَصُّ مِنْهَا، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"10","page":286},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1001>بَابُ الْقَسْمِ لِلنِّسَاءِ إِذَا حَضَرَ سَفَرٌ</span>","vol":"10","page":288},{"text":"١٤٥٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَرًا أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ، فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهَا»\n\n١٤٥٤٨ - زَادَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَخَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا فِي غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلَقِ: فَخَرَجَ بِهَا،\n\n١٤٥٤٩ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي حَدِيثِ الْإِفْكِ دُونَ مَا زَادَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا غَيْرُهُ\n\n١٤٥٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَوْ كَانَ الْمُسَافِرُ يَقْسِمُ لِمَنْ خَلَفَ عِدَّةَ مَا غَابَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْقُرْعَةِ مَعْنًى إِنَّمَا مَعْنَاهَا أَنْ يَصِيرَ لِمَنْ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهُ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامُ خَالِصَةً دُونَ غَيْرِهَا لِأَنَّهُ مَوْضِعُ ضَرُورَةٍ وَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ أَيْضًا فِي الْجَدِيدِ","vol":"10","page":288},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1002>بَابُ نُشُوزِ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ</span>\n١٤٥٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَشْبَهُ مَا سَمِعْتُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﵎ ⦗٢٩٠⦘: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٣٤] الْآيَةَ أَنَّ لِخَوْفِ النُّشُوزِ دَلَائِلَ فَإِذَا كَانَتْ ﴿فَعِظُوهُنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٣٤]؛ لِأَنَّ الْعِظَةَ مُبَاحَةٌ فَإِنْ لَجَجْنَ فَأَظْهَرْنَ نُشُوزًا بِقَوْلٍ أَوْ فِعْلٍ ﴿وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ﴾ [النساء: ٣٤] فَإِنْ أَقَمْنَ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ﴿وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٣٤] وَذَلِكَ بَيَّنَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ هِجْرَةٌ فِي الْمَضْجَعِ وَهُوَ مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهَا، وَلَا ضَرْبٌ إِلَّا بِقَوْلٍ أَوْ فِعْلٍ أَوْ هُمَا ⦗٢٩١⦘\n\n١٤٥٥٢ - قَالَ: وَيُحْتَمَلُ فِي ﴿تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٣٤] إِذَا نَشَزْنَ فَأَبَنَّ النُّشُوزَ فَكُنَّ عَاصِيَاتٍ بِهِ أَنْ تُجْمِعُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ الْعِظَةَ وَالْهِجْرَةَ وَالضَّرْبَ\n\n١٤٥٥٣ - قَالَ: وَلَا يَبْلُغُ فِي الضَّرْبِ حَدًّا وَلَا يَكُونُ مُبَرِّحًا وَلَا مُدْمِيًا وَيَتَوَقَّى فِيهِ الْوَجْهَ وَيَهْجُرُهَا فِي الْمَضْجَعِ حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ عَنِ النُّشُوزِ وَلَا يُجَاوِزُ بِهَا فِي هِجْرَةِ الْكَلَامِ ثَلَاثًا؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا أَبَاحَ الْهِجْرَةَ فِي الْمَضْجَعِ وَالْهِجْرَةُ فِي الْمَضْجَعِ تَكُونُ بِغَيْرِ هِجْرَةِ كَلَامٍ، وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُجَاوِزَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ فِي الْكَلَامِ ثَلَاثًا","vol":"10","page":289},{"text":"١٤٥٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ إِيَاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَضْرِبُوا إِمَاءَ اللَّهِ» قَالَ: فَأَتَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ذَئِرَ النِّسَاءِ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ، فَأَذِنَ فِي ضَرْبِهِنَّ، فَأَطَافَ بِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ نِسَاءٌ كَثِيرٌ كُلُّهُنَّ يَشْتَكِينَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَقَدْ أَطَافَ اللَّيْلَةَ بِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ سَبْعُونَ امْرَأَةً كُلُّهُنَّ يَشْتَكِينَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ أُولَئِكَ خِيَارَكُمْ»\n\n١٤٥٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْهُ عَلَى اخْتِيَارِ النَّهْيِ وَأَذِنَ فِيهِ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ مُبَاحًا لَهُمُ الضَّرْبُ فِي الْخَوْفِ، وَاخْتَارَ لَهُمْ أَنْ لَا يَضْرِبُوا لِقَوْلِهِ: «لَنْ يَضْرِبَ خِيَارُكُمْ» قَالَ: وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ بِضَرْبِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ أَذِنَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِهَا بِضَرْبِهِنَّ، وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: «لَنْ يَضْرِبَ خِيَارُكُمْ»، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ضَرْبَهُنَّ مُبَاحٌ لَا فَرْضٌ أَنْ يُضْرَبْنَ، وَنَخْتَارُ لَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا اخْتَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"10","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1003>بَابُ الْحَكَمَيْنِ فِي الشِّقَاقِ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ</span>\n١٤٥٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا﴾ [النساء: ٣٥]\n\n١٤٥٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى مَا أَرَادَ، فَأَمَّا ظَاهِرُ الْآيَةِ فَإِنَّ خَوْفَ الشِّقَاقِ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ أَنْ يَدَّعِيَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ مَنْعَ الْحَقِّ وَلَا يَطِيبُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ بِإِعْطَاءِ مَا يَرْضَى بِهِ وَلَا يَنْقَطِعُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا بِفُرْقَةٍ وَلَا صُلْحٍ وَلَا تَرْكِ الْقِيَامِ بِالشِّقَاقِ،\n\n١٤٥٥٨ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَذِنَ فِي نُشُوزِ الْمَرْأَةِ بِالْعِظَةِ وَالْهِجْرَةِ وَالضَّرْبِ وَلِنُشُوزِ الرَّجُلِ بِالصُّلْحِ، فَإِذَا خَافَا أَنْ لَا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ،\n\n١٤٥٥٩ - وَنَهَى إِذَا أَرَادَ الزَّوْجُ اسْتِبْدَالَ زَوْجٍ مَكَانَ زَوْجٍ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِمَّا آتَاهَا شَيْئًا\n\n١٤٥٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا ارْتَفَعَ الزَّوْجَانِ الْمَخُوفُ شِقَاقَهُمَا إِلَى الْحَاكِمِ فَحَقٌّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقَنَاعَةِ وَالْعَقْلِ لِيَكْشِفَا أَمْرَهُمَا وَيُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِنْ قَدَرَا، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُمَا يُفَرِّقَانِ إِنْ رَأَيَا إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ الزَّوْجِ، وَلَا يُعْطِيَا مِنْ مَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهَا، فَإِنِ اصْطَلَحَ الزَّوْجَانِ، وَإِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى الْحَاكِمِ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ بِمَا يُلْزِمُهُ مِنْ حَقٍّ فِي نَفْسٍ وَمَالٍ وَأَدَبٍ","vol":"10","page":292},{"text":"١٤٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا﴾ [النساء: ٣٥] قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَةٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ﵁ وَمَعَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِئَامٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ فَبَعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ: «تَدْرِيَانِ مَا عَلَيْكُمَا؟ عَلَيْكُمَا إِنْ رَأَيْتُمَا أَنْ تَجْمَعَا أَنْ تَجْمَعَا، وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمَا أَنْ تُفَرِّقَا أَنْ تُفَرِّقَا» قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: رَضِيتُ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ بِمَا عَلَيَّ فِيهِ وَلِيَّ، وَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: أَمَا الْفُرْقَةُ فَلَا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «كَذَبْتَ وَاللَّهِ حَتَّى تُقِرَّ بِمِثْلِ الَّذِي أَقَرَّتْ بِهِ»\n\n١٤٥٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"10","page":293},{"text":"١٤٥٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: تَزَوَّجَ عَقِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ عُتْبَةَ، فَقَالَتِ: اصْبِرْ لِي وَأُنْفِقُ عَلَيْكَ، فَكَانَ إِذَا دَخَلُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَتْ: أَيْنَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ؟ وَأَيْنَ شَيْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ؟ فَيَسْكُتُ عَنْهَا حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا يَوْمًا وَهُوَ بَرِمٌ فَقَالَتْ: أَيْنَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ؟ أَيْنَ شَيْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ؟ فَقَالَ: عَلَى يَسَارِكِ فِي النَّارِ إِذَا دَخَلْتِ، فَشَدَّتْ عَلَيْهَا ثِيَابَهَا، فَجَاءَتْ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «لَأُفَرِّقَنَّ بَيْنَهُمَا»، وَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ:  «مَا كُنْتُ لِأُفَرِّقَ ⦗٢٩٤⦘ بَيْنَ شَيْخَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ» قَالَ: فَأَتَيَاهُمَا، فَوَجَدَاهُمَا قَدْ شَدَّا عَلَيْهِمَا أَثْوَابَهُمَا وَأَصْلَحَا أَمْرَهُمَا\n\n١٤٥٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ ثَابِتٌ عِنْدَنَا وَهُوَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا قُلْنَا ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَوْ جَازَ لِلْحَاكِمِ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ حَكَمَيْنِ بِفُرْقَةٍ بِلَا وَكَالَةِ الزَّوْجِ مَا احْتَاجَ عَلِيٌّ أَنْ يَقُولَ لَهُمَا ابْعَثُوا وَلَبَعَثَ هُوَ، وَلَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ إِنْ رَأَيَا الْفِرَاقَ أَمْضِيَا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ تَأْذَنْ بِهِ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ كَالْحَدِيثِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ،\n\n١٤٥٦٥ - ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي آخِرِ ذَلِكَ: وَلَوْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: يُخَيِّرُهُمَا السُّلْطَانُ عَلَى الْحَكَمَيْنِ كَانَ مَذْهَبًا\n\n١٤٥٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ فِي بَعْثِهِ الْحَكَمَيْنِ قَالَ: فَنَظَرَ الْحَكَمَانِ فِي أَمْرِهِمَا، فَرَأَيَا أَنْ يُفَرِّقَا بَيْنَهُمَا، فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ الزَّوْجُ، فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: فَفِيمَ كُنَّا فِيهِ الْيَوْمَ إِذًا قَالَ: وَأَجَازَ أَمْرَهُمَا.\n\n١٤٥٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: مَا حَكَمَ الْحَكَمَانِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ إِنْ فَرَّقَا وَإِنْ جَمَعَا، وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: لَيْسَ الْفُرْقَةُ فِي أَيْدِيهِمَا،\n\n١٤٥٦٨ - وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: إِذَا جَعَلَا ذَلِكَ بِأَيْدِيهِمَا جَازَ","vol":"10","page":293},{"text":"١٤٥٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَرِثُوا النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [النساء: ١٩] قَالَ: يُقَالُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ نَزَلَتْ فِي  «الرَّجُلِ يَمْنَعُ الْمَرْأَةَ ⦗٢٩٥⦘ حَقَّ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ فِي عِشْرَتِهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ عَنْ غَيْرِ طِيبِ نَفْسِهَا وَيَحْبِسُهَا لِتَمُوتَ فَيَرِثُهَا أَوْ يَذْهَبُ بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَاهَا، وَاسْتَثْنَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ وَهِيَ الزِّنَا»\n\n١٤٥٧٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ وَفِي مَعْنَى ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ حَتَّى يَتَوَفَّاهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا﴾ [النساء: ١٥]، بِآيَةِ الْحُدُودِ ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ﴾،\n\n١٤٥٧١ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خُذُوا عَنِّي قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا الْبِكْرُ بِالْبِكْرِ جَلْدُ مِائَةٍ وَتَغْرِيبُ عَامٍ، وَالثَّيِّبُ بِالثَّيِّبِ الرَّجْمُ» فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ حَبْسٌ يُمْنَعُ بِهِ حَقُّهَا عَلَى الزَّوْجِ وَكَانَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَدُّ\n\n١٤٥٧٢ - قَالَ: وَمَا أَشْبَهُ مَا قِيلَ مِنْ هَذَا بِمَا قِيلَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ؛ لِأَنَّ لِلَّهِ أَحْكَامًا بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ بِأَنْ جَعَلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا مُحْسِنَةً وَمُسِيئَةً، وَيَحْبِسَهَا مُحْسِنَةً وَمُسِيئَةً، وَكَارِهًا لَهَا وَغَيْرَ كَارِهٍ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَنْعَهَا حَقَّهَا فِي كُلِّ حَالٍ","vol":"10","page":294},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1004>٢٤ - كِتَابُ الْخُلْعِ وَالطَّلَاقِ</span>","vol":"11","page":7},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1005>بَابُ الطَّلَاقِ</span>\n١٤٥٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]","vol":"11","page":7},{"text":"١٤٥٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ⦗٨⦘، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ، أَخْبَرَتْهَا أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عِنْدَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ فَوجَدَ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ عِنْدَ بَابِهِ فِي الْغَلَسِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ هَذِهِ؟» فَقَالَتْ: أَنَا حَبِيبَةُ بِنْتُ سَهْلٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «مَا شَأْنُكِ؟» قَالَتْ: لَا أَنَا وَلَا ثَابِتٌ - لِزَوْجِهَا - فَلَمَّا جَاءَ ثَابِتٌ قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَذِهِ حَبِيبَةُ قَدْ ذَكَرَتْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَذْكُرَ»، فَقَالَتْ حَبِيبَةُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كُلُّ مَا أَعْطَانِي عِنْدِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خُذْ مِنْهَا» فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا، وجَلَسَتْ فِي أَهْلِهَا «\n\n١٤٥٧٥ -» قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا وَقَعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي كِتَابِ الْخُلْعِ وَالنُّشُوزِ\n\n١٤٥٧٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْحُجَّةِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَخْبَرَتْهُ، أَنَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةَ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ.\n\n١٤٥٧٧ - وَقَوْلُهُ: أَخْبَرَتْهَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِوَايَةِ خَطَأٌ مِنَ الْكَاتِبِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ فِي إِخْبَارِ عَمْرَةَ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ\n\n١٤٥٧٨ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ عَنْهُ.\n\n١٤٥٧٩ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ حَبِيبَةَ ...","vol":"11","page":7},{"text":"١٤٥٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ سَهْلٍ، أَنَّهَا أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي الْغَلَسِ وَهِيَ تَشْكُو شَيْئًا بِبَدَنِهَا وَهِيَ تَقُولُ: لَا أَنَا وَلَا ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا ثَابِتُ خُذْ مِنْهَا»، فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا وجَلَسَتْ\n\n١٤٥٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَقِيلَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩] \" أَنْ تَمْتَنِعَ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ أَدَاءِ الْحَقِّ، فَتَخَافُ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ أَنْ لَا يُؤَدِّيَ الْحَقَّ إِذَا مَنَعَتْهُ حَقًّا فَتَحِلَّ الْفِدْيَةُ.\n\n١٤٥٨٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «وَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ لَمْ تَمْنَعْهُ بَعْضَ الْحَقِّ وَكَرِهَتْ صُحْبَتَهُ حَتَّى خَافَتْ تَمْنَعَهُ كَرَاهِيَةَ صُحْبَتِهِ بَعْضَ الْحَقِّ فَأَعْطَتْهُ الْفِدْيَةَ طَائِعَةً حَلَّتْ لَهُ».\n\n١٤٥٨٣ - «وَإِذَا حَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسًا عَلَى غَيْرِ فِرَاقٍ حَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسًا ويَأْخُذَ عِوضًا بِالْفِرَاقِ»","vol":"11","page":9},{"text":"١٤٥٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ مَولَاةٍ لِصَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ أَنَّهَا  «اخْتُلِعَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَهَا فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ» ⦗١٠⦘\n\n١٤٥٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «أَنَّهُ» كَرِهَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَعْطَى \" فَإِنَّهُ مُرْسَلٌ. وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَهُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ. وَإِنَّمَا الْحَدِيثُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا: «أَتَرُدِّينَ عَلَيْهِ حَدِيقَتَهُ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ وَزِيَادَةً قَالَ: «أَمَّا الزِّيَادَةُ فَلَا» يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الزَّوْجَ يَرْضَى بِمَا أَعْطَى وَلَا يَطْلُبُ الزِّيَادَةَ","vol":"11","page":9},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1006>الْخُلْعُ هَلْ هُوَ فَسْخٌ أَوْ طَلَاقٌ</span>؟","vol":"11","page":11},{"text":"١٤٥٨٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: واخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي الْخُلْعِ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، \" فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ اخْتُلِعَتْ مِنْهُ بَعْدُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" سَنُزَوِّجُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩] قَرَأَ إِلَى ﴿أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٠] \"","vol":"11","page":11},{"text":"١٤٥٨٧ - قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ:  «كُلُّ شَيْءٍ أَجَازَهُ الْمَالُ فَلَيْسَ بِطَلَاقٍ»","vol":"11","page":11},{"text":"١٤٥٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جُمْهَانَ مَولَى الْأَسْلَمِيِّينَ، عَنْ أُمِّ بَكْرَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيَّةِ، أَنَّهَا اخْتُلِعَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ، ثُمَّ أَتَيَا عُثْمَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ:  «هِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ سَمَّيْتَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ مَا سَمَّيْتَ».\n\n١٤٥٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ: وَلَا أَعْرِفُ جُمْهَانَ وَلَا أُمَّ بَكْرَةَ بِشَيْءٍ يَثْبُتُ بِهِ خَبَرَهُمَا وَلَا نَرُدُّهُ، وَيَقُولُ عُثْمَانُ: نَأْخُذُ ⦗١٢⦘. ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي حُجَّةِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ، وذَكَرَهَا أَيْضًا فِي الْقَدِيمِ وأَخْتَارَ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَحَمَلَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ قَوْلَ عُثْمَانَ: إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ سَمَّيْتَ شَيْئًا، فَهُوَ مَا سَمَّيْتَ عَلَى الْعَدَدِ.\n\n١٤٥٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ: حَدِيثُ عُثْمَانَ الْخُلْعُ تَطْلِيقَةٌ لَا يَصِحُّ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا أَدْرِي، جُمْهَانُ لَا أَعْرِفُهُ.\n\n١٤٥٩١ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَالْخُلْعُ تَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ.\n\n١٤٥٩٢ - قَالَ: وَضَعَّفَ أَحْمَدُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدِيثَ عُثْمَانَ، وَحَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِمَا مَقَالٌ. وَلَيْسَ فِي الْبَابِ أَصَحُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، يُرِيدُ حَدِيثَ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"11","page":11},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1007>الْمُخْتَلَعَةُ لَا يَلْحَقُهَا الطَّلَاقُ</span>","vol":"11","page":13},{"text":"١٤٥٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَإِذَا خَالَعَهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ لَمْ يَقَعْ عَلَيْهَا الطَّلَاقُ لِأَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِزَوْجَةٍ وَلَا فِي مَعَانِي الْأَزْوَاجِ بِحَالٍ». وَاحْتَجَّ بِانْقِطَاعِ «الرَّجْعَةِ وَالْإِيلَاءِ، وَالظِّهَارِ، وَاللِّعَانِ، وَالْمِيرَاثِ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ»، وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أَنَّهُ «لَوْ مَاتَ لَمْ تَنْتَقِلْ إِلَى عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ»","vol":"11","page":13},{"text":"١٤٥٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا فِي الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا قَالَا:  «لَا يَلْزَمُهَا طَلَاقٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ»\n\n١٤٥٩٥ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" خَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي الْمُخْتَلَعَةَ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا طُلِّقَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ لَحِقَهَا الطَّلَاقُ»، فَسَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ يَرْوِي فِي قَولِهِ خَبَرًا؟ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا لَا تَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ حُجَّةٌ عِنْدَنَا وَلَا عِنْدَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: هَذَا عِنْدَنَا وَعِنْدَكَ غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: فَقَدْ قَالَ بِهِ بَعْضُ التَّابِعِينَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: وَقَوْلُ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ عِنْدَكَ لَا يَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ لَوْ لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُمْ غَيْرُهُمْ \"\n\n١٤٥٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ سَمَّاهُمَا فِي كِتَابِ الْقَضَاءِ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فَقَالَ: الشَّعْبِيُّ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ⦗١٤⦘\n\n١٤٥٩٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «لَزِمَهُ مَا دَامَتْ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ»\n\n١٤٥٩٨ - وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَجِدْ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْئًا، وَلَعَلَّهُ ذَكَرَ لَهُ مَا رَوَى فَرَجُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ: «لِلْمُخْتَلِعَةِ طَلَاقٌ مَا كَانَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ»\n\n١٤٥٩٩ - وَهَذَا مَوقُوفٌ وَضَعِيفٌ لِأَنَّ رَاوِيَهُ فَرَجُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ضَعِيفٌ بِمَرَّةٍ. وَرَأَيْتُهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ مَجْهُولٍ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُمَيْلٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَجْرِي الطَّلَاقُ عَلَى الَّتِي تَفْتَدِي مِنْ زَوْجِهَا مَا كَانَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ»،\n\n١٤٦٠٠ - وَهَذَا بَاطِلٌ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ مِنْهَا: أَنَّهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يُدْرِكِ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ وَلَا قَارَبَهُ، وَإِنَّمَا وَقَعَ إِلَيَّ بِإِسْنَادٍ مَجْهُولٍ، عَنْ عِيسَى الْعَسْقَلَانِيِّ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ، فَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ وَمَجْهُولٌ وَمُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"11","page":13},{"text":"١٤٦٠١ - وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «إِذَا خَالَعَهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا لَزِمَهُ مَا دَامَتْ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ». وَلَا يُتْرَكُ ظَاهِرُ الْكِتَابِ بِأَمْثَالِ هَذَا وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوفِيقُ","vol":"11","page":14},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1008>الطَّلَاقُ قَبْلَ النِّكَاحِ</span>\n١٤٦٠٢ - حَكَى الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّ «ذَلِكَ لَا يَقَعُ؛ لِأَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ الَّذِي لَهُ الْحُكْمُ كَانَ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مَالِكٍ فَبَطَلَ»، وَنَصَّ فِي كِتَابِ الظِّهَارِ عَلَى","vol":"11","page":15},{"text":"١٤٦٠٢ - مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" وَلَوْ قَالَ لِامْرَأَةٍ ⦗١٦⦘ لَمْ يَنْكِحْهَا: إِذَا نَكَحْتُكِ فَأَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي فَنَكَحَهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُتَظَاهِرًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ قَالَ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي لَمْ يَكُنْ مُتَظَاهِرًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَقَعُ التَّحْرِيمُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ عَلَى مَنْ حَلَّ ثُمَّ حُرِّمَ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَحْلُلْ فَلَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ تَحْرِيمٌ وَلَا حُكْمُ تَحْرِيمٍ لِأَنَّهُ مُحَرَّمٌ، فَلَا مَعْنَى لِلتَّحْرِيمِ فِي التَّحْرِيمِ \"\n\n١٤٦٠٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ مِثْلُ مَعْنَى مَا قُلْتُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَهُوَ الْقِيَاسُ","vol":"11","page":15},{"text":"١٤٦٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيٌّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَامِرٌ الْأَحْوَلُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ نِكَاحٍ» ⦗١٧⦘\n\n١٤٦٠٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ هُشَيْمٍ: «لَا نَذْرَ لِابْنِ آدَمَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ، وَلَا طَلَاقَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ، وَلَا عَتَاقَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ»\n\n١٤٦٠٦ - وَرَوَاهُ حَبِيبٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٤٦٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ طَاوُسٌ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٤٦٠٨ - وَهُوَ فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ","vol":"11","page":16},{"text":"١٤٦٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذٌ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّويلِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ:  «لَا طَلَاقَ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ نِكَاحٍ»\n\n١٤٦١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مُبَارَكُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فِيمَنْ قَالَ: إِنْ \" تَزَوَّجْتُ فُلَانَةَ فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ، فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ: «تَزَوَّجْهَا فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْكَ»","vol":"11","page":17},{"text":"١٤٦١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذٌ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «لَا طَلَاقَ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ نِكَاحٍ، وَلَا عَتَاقَ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مِلْكٍ»","vol":"11","page":17},{"text":"١٤٦١٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ، وَأَبُو حَمْزَةَ جَمِيعًا، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: مَا قَالَهَا ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ قَالَهَا فَزَلَّةٌ مِنْ عَالِمٍ فِي \" الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ: إِنْ تَزَوَّجْتُ فُلَانَةَ فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٩] وَلَمْ يَقُلْ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ نَكَحْتُمُوهُنَّ \" ⦗١٨⦘\n\n١٤٦١٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، إِذَا وَقَّتَ وَقْتًا فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: \" يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، لَوْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ لَقَالَ اللَّهُ: إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ نَكَحْتُمُوهُنَّ \"\n\n١٤٦١٤ - وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، ﵂ مَرْفُوعًا وَمَوقُوفًا\n\n١٤٦١٥ - وَحَكَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، وَأَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَشُرَيْحٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَعَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيْدَ، وَنَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ هَرِمٍ «أَنَّهَا لَا تُطَلَّقُ»\n\n١٤٦١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَوَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ «لَا يَرَى الظِّهَارَ قَبْلَ النِّكَاحِ شَيْئًا»","vol":"11","page":17},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1009>إِبَاحَةُ الطَّلَاقِ وَوَجْهُهُ</span>.","vol":"11","page":19},{"text":"١٤٦١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ١]\n⦗٢٤⦘ وَقُرِئَتْ: «لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ» وَهُمَا مِمَّا لَا يَخْتَلِفَانِ فِي مَعْنًى","vol":"11","page":19},{"text":"١٤٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مُرْهُ فَلْيُرَاجِعْهَا ثُمَّ لِيُمْسِكْهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ، ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ، ثُمَّ تَطْهُرَ، فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَهَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّ، فَتِلْكَ الْعِدَّةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَنْ تُطَلَّقَ لَهَا النِّسَاءُ» ⦗٢٥⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"11","page":24},{"text":"١٤٦١٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَيْمَنَ مَولَى عَزَّةَ، يَسْأَلُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ يَسْمَعُ، فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ حَائِضًا؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: طَلَّقَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ امْرَأَتَهُ حَائِضًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لِيُرَاجِعْهَا فَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ فَلْيُطَلِّقْ أَوْ لِيُمْسِكْ».\n\n١٤٦٢٠ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ» أَوْ: «لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ» الشَّافِعِيُّ شَكَّ.\n\n١٤٦٢١ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَفِيهِ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: وَقَرَأَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: (يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ)\n\n١٤٦٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ، وَزَادَ: فَسَأَلَ عُمَرُ، رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لِيُرَاجِعْهَا»، فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيَّ وَقَالَ: «إِذَا طَهُرَتْ فَلْيُطَلِّقْ أَوْ يُمْسِكْ» قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: وَقَرَأَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: (يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) ⦗٢٦⦘،\n\n١٤٦٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَؤُهَا كَذَلِكَ.\n\n١٤٦٢٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ: (إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ).\n\n١٤٦٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَبَيَّنَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ بِدَلَالَةِ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا الَّتِي تَحِيضُ، دُونَ مَنْ سِوَاهَا مِنَ الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ أَنْ تُطَلَّقَ لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أَنَّ الْعِدَّةَ عَلَى الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا يَأْمُرُ بِطَلَاقِ طَاهِرٍ مِنْ حَيْضَتِهَا الَّتِي يَكُونُ لَهَا طُهْرٌ وَحَيْضٌ قَالَ: وَطَلَاقُ السُّنَّةِ فِيهَا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا طَاهِرًا مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ فِي الطُّهْرِ الَّذِي خَرَجَتْ مِنْ حَيْضِةٍ","vol":"11","page":25},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1010>الطَّلَاقُ يَقَعُ عَلَى الْحَائِضِ وَإِنْ كَانَ بِدْعِيًّا</span>","vol":"11","page":27},{"text":"١٤٦٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ أَيْمَنَ، يَسْأَلُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ يَسْمَعُ فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ حَائِضًا؟ فَقَالَ: طَلَّقَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لِيُرَاجِعْهَا»، فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيَّ وَلَمْ يَرَهَا شَيْئًا وَقَالَ: «إِذَا طَهُرَتْ فَلْيُطَلِّقْ أَوْ لِيُمْسِكْ».\n\n١٤٦٢٧ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَفِي رِوَايَتِهِمَا: فَسَأَلَ عُمَرُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مُرْهُ فَلْيُرَاجِعْهَا»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَا مَا بَعْدَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ كَمَا مَضَى","vol":"11","page":27},{"text":"١٤٦٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَ عُمَرُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مُرْهُ فَلْيُرَاجِعْهَا، ثُمَّ لِيُمْسِكْهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ، ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ، ثُمَّ تَطْهُرَ، ثُمَّ إِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّ، فَتِلْكَ الْعِدَّةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُطَلَّقَ لَهَا النِّسَاءُ» ⦗٢٨⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"11","page":27},{"text":"١٤٦٢٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُمْ أَرْسَلُوهُ إِلَى نَافِعٍ يَسْأَلُونَهُ \" هَلْ حُسِبَتْ تَطْلِيقَةُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»\n\n١٤٦٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: حَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «أَمَرَ عُمَرَ،» أَنْ يَأْمُرَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يُرَاجِعَ امْرَأَتَهُ «.» دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُقَالُ لَهُ: رَاجِعْ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقُهُ، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ فِي الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ: ﴿وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ هَذَا فِي ذَوَاتِ الْأَرْوَاحِ، وَأَنَّ مَعْرُوفًا فِي اللِّسَانِ بِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُقَالُ لِلرَّجُلِ رَاجِعِ امْرَأَتَكَ إِذَا افْتَرَقَ هُوَ وَامْرَأَتَهُ\n\n١٤٦٣١ - قَالَ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ شَبِيهٌ بِهِ، وَنَافِعٌ أَثْبَتُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْأَثْبَتُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُقَالَ بِهِ إِذَا خَالَفَهُ.\n\n١٤٦٣٢ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ وَافَقَ نَافِعًا غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الثَّبْتِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَحُسِبَتْ تَطْلِيقَةُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَطْلِيقَةً؟ قَالَ: فَمَهْ وَإِنْ عَجَزَ - يَعْنِي أَنَّهَا حُسِبَتْ تَطْلِيقَةً -","vol":"11","page":28},{"text":"١٤٦٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ؟ قَالَ: فَعَرَفَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ» طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ فَأَتَى عُمَرُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهَا \"، قُلْتُ: فَبِعِدَّتِهَا؟ قَالَ: فَمَهْ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ عَجَزَ وَاسْتَحْمَقَ ⦗٢٩⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مِنْهَالٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ قَتَادَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ","vol":"11","page":28},{"text":"١٤٦٣٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْر أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ قَالَ: «فَاعْتَدَّ ابْنُ عُمَرَ بِالتَّطْلِيقَةِ، وَلَمْ تَعْتَدَّ امْرَأَتُهُ بِالْحَيْضَةِ»\n\n١٤٦٣٥ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷿ ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]، لَمْ يُخَصِّصْ طَلَاقًا دُونَ طَلَاقٍ قَالَ: «وَلِمَ تَكُنِ الْمَعْصِيَةُ إِنْ كَانَ عَالِمًا يُطْرَحُ عِنْدَ التَّحْرِيمِ لِأَنَّ الْمَعْصِيَةَ لَا تَزِيدُ الزَّوْجَ خَيْرًا، إِنْ لَمْ تَزِدْهُ شَرًّا».\n\n١٤٦٣٦ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ وَحَمَلَ قَولَهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ: لَمْ يَرَهُ شَيْئًا، عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَحْسَبُهُ شَيْئًا صَوَابًا غَيْرَ خَطَأٍ يُؤْمَرُ صَاحِبُهُ أَنْ لَا يُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يُؤْمَرُ بِالْمُرَاجَعَةِ وَلَا يُؤْمَرُ بِهَا الَّذِي طَلَّقَهَا طَاهِرًا، كَمَا يُقَالُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَخْطَأَ فِي فِعْلِهِ وَأَخْطَأَ فِي جَوَابٍ أَجَابَ بِهِ لَمْ يَصْنَعْ شَيْئًا، يَعْنِي لَمْ يَصْنَعْ شَيْئًا صَوَابًا","vol":"11","page":29},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1011>الِاخْتِيَارُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ</span>","vol":"11","page":30},{"text":"١٤٦٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «أَخْتَارُ لِلزَّوْجِ أَنْ لَا يُطَلِّقَ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً لِيَكُونَ لَهُ الرَّجْعَةُ فِي ⦗٣١⦘ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا، وَيَكُونَ خَاطِبًا فِي غَيْرِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا، وَلَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَلَا ثَلَاثًا؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَبَاحَ الطَّلَاقَ، وَمَا أَبَاحَ فَلَيْسَ بِمَحْظُورٍ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَّمَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ مَوْضِعَ الطَّلَاقِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ فِي عَدَدِ الطَّلَاقِ مُبَاحٌ وَمَحْظُورٌ عَلَّمَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ إِيَّاهُ؛ لِأَنَّ مَنْ خَفِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ طَاهِرًا كَانَ مَا يَكْرَهُ مِنْ عَدَدِ الطَّلَاقِ، وَيُحِبُّ لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِ مَكْرُوهٌ أَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٤٦٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَطَلَّقَ عُويْمِرٌ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ امْرَأَتَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ، وَقَبْلَ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُ أَنَّهَا تُطَلَّقُ عَلَيْهِ بِاللِّعَّانِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا مَحْظُورًا عَلَيْهِ نَهَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لِيُعَلِّمَهُ وَجَمَاعَةَ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ، وَحَكَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ قَيْسٍ أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا طَلَّقَهَا اَلْبَتَّةَ، يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ثَلَاثًا، فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ. وَطَلَّقَ رُكَانَةُ امْرَأَتَهُ الْبَتَّةَ وَهِيَ تَحْتَمِلُ وَاحِدَةً وَتَحْتَمِلُ ثَلَاثًا، فَسَأَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ نِيَّتِهِ وَأَحْلَفَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْهُ نَهَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ اَلْبَتَّةَ يُرِيدُ بِهَا ثَلَاثًا. وَطَلَّقَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا». وذَكَرَ أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ فِي كِتَابِ أَحْكَامِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَهِيَ تَرِدُ مُفَرَّقَةً فِي مَوَاضِعِهَا","vol":"11","page":30},{"text":"١٤٦٣٩ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، «أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ الْبَتَّةَ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ، فَوَرَّثَهَا عُثْمَانُ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّتِهَا»","vol":"11","page":31},{"text":"١٤٦٤٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، نَشَدَتْهُ الطَّلَاقَ، فَقَالَ:  «إِذَا حِضْتِ ثُمَّ طَهُرْتِ فَآذِنِينِي، فَطَهُرَتْ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ فَآذَنَتْهُ، فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا»\n\n١٤٦٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْبَتَّةُ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ فِي بَيَانِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ثَلَاثٌ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنَهُ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ فَقَطَعَ مَوْضِعَ الشَّكِّ فِيهِ\n\n١٤٦٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا فِي وَاحِدٍ قَالَ: «لَا أَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا، قَدْ طَلَّقَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ثَلَاثًا فَلَمْ يُعَبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ» وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٤٦٤٣ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي طَلَاقِ الْبَتَّةِ\n\n١٤٦٤٤ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَعَائِشَةَ فِيمَنْ: «طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا. وَفَتْوَاهُمْ بِتَحْرِيمِهَا».\n\n١٤٦٤٥ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَمَا عَابَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَلَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَلَا عَائِشَةُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ ثَلَاثًا، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعْتَ حِينَ طَلَّقْتَ ثَلَاثًا ⦗٣٣⦘،\n\n١٤٦٤٦ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عُثْمَانَ فِي الْخُلْعِ: «هِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ سَمَّيْتَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ مَا سَمَّيْتَ». فَعُثْمَانُ يُخْبِرُ أَنَّهُ سَمَّى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدَةٍ كَانَ مَا سَمَّى، وَلَا يَقُولُ لَهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُسَمِّيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدَةٍ","vol":"11","page":32},{"text":"١٤٦٤٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: الْبَتَّةُ مَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ فِيهَا؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: كَانَ أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ يَجْعَلُهَا وَاحِدَةً، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «لَوْ كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ أَلْفًا مَا أَبْقَتِ الْبَتَّةُ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، مَنْ قَالَ الْبَتَّةَ فَقَدْ رَمَى الْغَايَةَ الْقُصْوَى».\n\n١٤٦٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَا يُحْكَى عَنْ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى اخْتِلَافِهِمْ فِي الْبَتَّةِ أَنَّهُ عَابَ الْبَتَّةَ وَلَا عَابَ ثَلَاثًا، وَاحْتُجَّ بِاخْتِلَافِهِمْ أَيْضًا فِي الْمُخَيَّرَةِ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ مِمَّنْ قَالَ: أَنَّهُ ثَلَاثٌ أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ","vol":"11","page":33},{"text":"١٤٦٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ: طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي مِائَةً، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «تَأْخُذُ ثَلَاثًا، وَتَدَعُ سَبْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ»","vol":"11","page":33},{"text":"١٤٦٥٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً، وَمُجَاهِدًا قَالَا: إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ: طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي مِائَةً، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:  «تَأْخُذُ ثَلَاثًا وَتَدَعُ سَبْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ» ⦗٣٤⦘.\n\n١٤٦٥١ - زَادَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَحْدِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَسَبْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ عُدْوَانَا اتَّخَذْتَ بِهَا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا».\n\n١٤٦٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَعَابَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كُلَّ مَا زَادَ مِنْ عَدَدِ الطَّلَاقِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَلَمْ يَعِبْ عَلَيْهِ مَا جَعَلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الثَّلَاثِ. وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ احْتِجَاجَ مَنِ احْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا﴾ [الطلاق: ١]، وَأَنَّ مَعْنَاهُ يُحْدِثُ لَهُ رَجْعَةً، فَإِذَا طَلَّقَ ثَلَاثًا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ رَجْعَةً.\n\n١٤٦٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا أَرَادَ زَوْجُهَا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ؟ قَالَ لَيْسَ هَذَا السُّنَّةُ قَالَ: فَيَلْزَمُكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ سُنَّةً لِأَنَّهُ يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ. فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ لَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةٌ؟ وَفِي رَجُلٍ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِامْرَأَتِهِ لِيُرْجِعَ الطَّلَاقَ لِلسُّنَّةِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ يُوقِعُ وَهُوَ لَا يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ؟ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا\n\n١٤٦٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: «إِنَّ أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ابْنَ عُمَرَ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ يُمْهِلَهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ، ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ، ثُمَّ تَطْهُرَ، ثُمَّ إِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ، فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فِي طُهْرٍ»، قِيلَ لَهُ: ابْنُ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ حَائِضًا لَا طَاهِرًا.\n\n١٤٦٥٥ - وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ: لَا يَصْلُحُ الطَّلَاقُ لِلسُّنَّةِ فِي الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا فِي الْحَيْضِ، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِالَّذِي قُلْتُمْ وَهَذَا يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِذَلِكَ الِاسْتِبْرَاءَ، أَنْ يَكُونَ يَسْتَبْرِئُهَا بَعْدَ الْحَيْضَةِ الَّتِي طَلَّقَهَا فِيهَا بِطُهْرٍ تَامٍّ، ثُمَّ حَيْضٍ تَامٍّ لِيَكُونَ تَطْلِيقُهَا وَهِيَ تَعْلَمُ عِدَّتَهَا الْحَمْلَ هِيَ أَمِ الْحَيْضَ، وَلِتَكُونَ تَطْهُرُ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهِ بِحَمْلٍ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ جَاهِلٍ مَا صَنَعَ أَوْ يَرْغَبُ فَيُمْسِكَ لِلْحَمْلِ، وَلِيَكُونَ إِنْ كَانَتْ سَأَلَتِ الطَّلَاقَ غَيْرَ حَامِلٍ أَنْ تَكُفَّ عَنْهُ حَامِلًا ⦗٣٥⦘\n\n١٤٦٥٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ كَلَامَهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: مَعَ أَنَّ غَيْرَ نَافِعٍ، إِنَّمَا رَوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ مِنَ الْحَيْضِ الَّتِي طَلَّقَهَا فِيهَا، ثُمَّ إِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ».\n\n١٤٦٥٧ - رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَسَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ خِلَافَ رِوَايَةِ نَافِعٍ، وَلَوْ كَانَ لَا يَصْلُحُ فِي طُهْرٍ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ لَمْ يَكُنِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَهَا فِي طُهْرٍ، إِنَّمَا طَلَّقَهَا فِي الْحَيْضِ، وَالْحَيْضُ غَيْرُ الطُّهْرِ.\n\n١٤٦٥٨ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا، وَالرِوَايَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ، فَأَمَّا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ فَهِيَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"11","page":33},{"text":"١٤٦٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، يُونُسُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، وَمَنْصُورٌ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، مَعْنَاهُمْ كُلُّهُمْ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ «.\n\n١٤٦٦٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٤٦٦١ - وَأَمَا رِوَايَةُ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ. وَرِوَايَةُ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ ثُمَّ تَطْهُرَ ثُمَّ إِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ أَوْ أَمْسَكَ \" ⦗٣٦⦘.\n\n١٤٦٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مُرْهُ فَلْيُرَاجِعْهَا ثُمَّ لِيُطَلِّقْهَا طَاهِرًا أَوْ حَامِلًا».\n\n١٤٦٦٣ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا بِدْعَةَ فِي طَلَاقِهَا بِحَامِلٍ. وَبِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَهِيَ عِنْدَهُ كَغَيْرِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا\n\n١٤٦٦٤ - وَأَمَا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «السُّنَّةُ أَنْ تَسْتَقْبِلَ الطُّهْرَ فَتُطَلِّقَ لِكُلِّ قُرْءٍ»، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنِّي طَلَّقْتُهَا ثَلَاثًا كَانَتْ تَحِلُّ لِي أَنْ أُرَاجِعَهَا؟ قَالَ: «كَانَتْ تَبِينُ مِنْكَ وَتَكُونُ مَعْصِيَةً».\n\n١٤٦٦٥ - فَإِنَّهُ أَتَى فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِزِيَادَاتٍ لَمْ يُتَابَعْ عَلَيْهَا وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ مَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى طَلَاقِهِ فِي حَالِ الْحَيْضِ وَهُوَ لَوْ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا فِي حَالِ الْحَيْضِ كَانَتْ تَبِينُ مِنْهُ وَتَكُونُ مَعْصِيَةً","vol":"11","page":35},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1012>طَلَاقُ الثَّلَاثِ مَجْمُوعَةٌ</span>","vol":"11","page":37},{"text":"١٤٦٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا الصَّهْبَاءِ قَالَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ \" الثَّلَاثُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تُجْعَلُ وَاحِدَةً وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَثَلَاثٍ مِنْ إِمَارَةِ عُمَرَ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «نَعَمْ».\n\n١٤٦٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَتَرَكَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ، وَأَظُنُّهُ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْخِلَافِ لِسَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"11","page":37},{"text":"١٤٦٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ: طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي أَلْفًا، فَقَالَ: «تَأْخُذُ ثَلَاثًا وَتَدَعُ تِسْعَمِائَةٍ وَسَبْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ»\n\n١٤٦٦٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي مِائَةً قَالَ: «تَأْخُذُ ثَلَاثًا وَتَدَعُ سَبْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ»","vol":"11","page":37},{"text":"١٤٦٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَمَالِكِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِيَاسِ بْنِ الْبُكَيْرِ، وَمُعَاويَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، كُلِّهِمْ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَنَّهُ» أَجَازَ الطَّلَاقَ الثَّلَاثَ، وَأَمْضَاهُنَّ \"\n\n١٤٦٧١ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ﵃.\n\n١٤٦٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ الثَّلَاثَ كَانَتْ تُحْسَبُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاحِدَةً يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَالَّذِي يُشْبِهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَدْ عَلِمَ إِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا فَنَسَخَ\n\n١٤٦٧٣ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَمَا دَلَّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتَ؟ قِيلَ: لَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، يَرْوِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ يُخَالِفُهُ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يَعْلَمْهُ كَانَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ خِلَافُهُ\n\n١٤٦٧٤ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَلَعَلَّ هَذَا شَيْءٌ رُوِيَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ فِيهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ؟.\n\n١٤٦٧٥ - قِيلَ: قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يُخَالِفُ عُمَرَ فِي نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ، وَبَيْعِ الدِّينَارِ بِالدِّينَارَيْنِ، وَفِي بَيْعِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَولَادِ وَغَيْرِهِ، فَكَيْفَ يُوافِقُهُ فِي شَيْءٍ يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ خِلَافُهُ؟.\n\n١٤٦٧٦ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَلِمَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ؟ قِيلَ: قَدْ يُسْأَلُ الرَّجُلُ عَنِ الشَّيْءِ فَيُجِيبُ فِيهِ وَلَا يَنْقَضِي الْجَوَابُ، فَيَأْتِي عَلَى الشَّيْءِ كُلِّهِ وَيَكُونُ جَائِزًا لَهُ كَمَا يَجُوزُ لَوْ قِيلَ: أَصَلَّى النَّاسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ؟ أَنْ يَقُولَ: نَعَمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقُلْ: ثُمَّ حُوِّلَتِ الْقِبْلَةُ؟ ⦗٣٩⦘.\n\n١٤٦٧٧ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَصَدْرًا مِنْ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٤٦٧٨ - قِيلَ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَجَوَابُهُ حِينَ اسْتَفْتَى يُخَالِفُ ذَلِكَ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ.\n\n١٤٦٧٩ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَهَلْ مِنْ دَلِيلٍ تَقُومُ بِهِ الْحُجَّةُ فِي تَرْكِ أَنْ يَحْسِبَ الثَّلَاثَ وَاحِدَةً فِي كِتَابٍ أَوْ سُنَّةٍ أَوْ أَمَرٍ أَبْيَنَ مِمَّا ذَكَرْتَ؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ.\n\n١٤٦٨٠ - فَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ ارْتَجَعَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ، فَعَمَدَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ لَهُ فَطَلَّقَهَا ثُمَّ أَمْهَلَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا شَارَفَتِ انْقِضَاءَ عِدَّتِهَا ارْتَجَعَهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا وَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا آوِيكِ إِلَيَّ وَلَا تَحِلِّينَ أَبَدًا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ الطَّلَاقَ جَدِيدًا مِنْ يَومَئِذٍ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ طَلَّقَ أَوْ لَمْ يُطَلِّقْ.\n\n١٤٦٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَكَرَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالتَّفْسِيرِ هَذَا.\n\n١٤٦٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَالْمُرْسَلُ هُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"11","page":38},{"text":"١٤٦٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: \" ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨] إِلَى قَولِهِ: ﴿وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨] الْآيَةَ «وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ إِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِرَجْعَتِهَا، وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا فَنَسَخَ ذَلِكَ»، فَقَالَ: \" ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩] \" الْآيَةَ ⦗٤٠⦘.\n\n١٤٦٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فَلَعَلَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَجَابَ عَلَى أَنَّ الثَّلَاثَ وَالْوَاحِدَةَ سَوَاءٌ، وَإِذَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَدَدَ الطَّلَاقِ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ وَأَنْ يُطَلِّقَ مَتَى شَاءَ فَسَوَاءٌ الثَّلَاثُ وَالْوَاحِدَةُ وَأَكْثَرُ مِنَ الثَّلَاثِ فِي أَنْ يَقْضِيَ بِطَلَاقِهِ.\n\n١٤٦٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْنَى الْحَدِيثِ مُنْصَرِفًا إِلَى طَلَاقِ الْبَتَّةِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ رُكَانَةَ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْبَتَّةَ وَاحِدَةً، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَرَاهَا وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ تَتَابَعَ النَّاسُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَأَلْزَمَهُمُ الثَّلَاثَ، وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، مِنْهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n١٤٦٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ، عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ أَبِي الصَّهْبَاءِ قَالَ: بَلَى كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا جَعَلُوهَا وَاحِدَةً عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَصَدْرًا مِنْ إِمَارَةِ عُمَرَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى النَّاسَ قَدْ تَتَابَعُوا فِيهَا، قَالَ: أَجِيزُوهُنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ.\n\n١٤٦٨٧ - فَهَذَا يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي غَيْرِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ ثَلَاثًا تَتْرَى، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَقُولُ لَهَا: أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ: عُقْدَةٌ كَانَتْ بِيَدِهِ أَرْسَلَهَا جَمِيعًا، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ تَتْرَى فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّورِيُّ: تَتْرَى يَعْنِي أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، فَإِنَّهَا تَبِينُ بِالْأُولَى، وَالثِّنْتَانِ لَيْسَتَا بِشَيْءٍ","vol":"11","page":39},{"text":"١٤٦٨٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَى يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ \" جَمَعَ بَيْنَ رَجُلٍ وَامْرَأَتِهِ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا، أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ فَجَعَلَهَا وَاحِدَةً، وَأُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ قَالَ: لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا \" ⦗٤١⦘.\n\n١٤٦٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا يَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلَافِ حَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ، بِأَنْ تَكُونَ الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا فِيهَا وَاحِدَةً غَيْرَ مَدْخُولٍ بِهَا فَبَانَتْ بِالْأُولَى فَلَمْ يَلْحَقْهَا مَا بَعْدَهَا، وَالَّتِي جَعَلَهَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثًا مَدْخُولًا بِهَا فَلَحِقَهَا الثَّلَاثُ، وَقَدْ يَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلَافِ نِيَّةِ الرَّجُلِ فِي الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا بِأَنْ يَكُونَ فِي إِحْدَى الْحَالَيْنِ أَرَادَ تَبْيِينَ الْأُولَى، وَفِي الْأُخْرَى أَرَادَ إِحْدَاثَ طَلَاقٍ بَعْدَ الْأُولَى\n\n١٤٦٩٠ - ثُمَّ اسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ الطَّلَاقَ إِلَى الْأَزْوَاجِ، فَسَوَاءٌ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا مَجْمُوعَةً أَوْ مُفَرَّقَةً كَطَلَاقِ نِسْوَتِهِ وَعِتْقِ رَقِيقِهِ، وَالْإِيلَاءِ وَالظِّهَارِ عَنْ نِسْوَتِهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَدَلَّ بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ رِفَاعَةَ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَبَتَّ طَلَاقَهَا، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَتُرِيدِينَ أَنْ تَرْجِعِي إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ؟ لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ»، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ حَسَبَتْ طَلَاقَهَا بِوَاحِدَةٍ كَانَ لَهَا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ بِلَا زَوْجٍ \"\n\n١٤٦٩١ - قَالَ: وَعُويْمِرٌ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ بِاللِّعَّانِ فَلَمْ أَعْلَمِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَاهُ، وَفَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ قَيْسٍ، حَكَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا بَتَّ طَلَاقَهَا، يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَيْسَتْ لَكِ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَةٌ» وَلَمْ أَعْلَمِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَابَ طَلَاقَهُ ثَلَاثًا مَعًا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ فِي رِفَاعَةَ مُوافِقًا ظَاهِرَ الْقُرْآنِ وَكَانَ ثَابِتًا كَانَ أَوْلَى الْحَدِيثَيْنِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":40},{"text":"١٤٦٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا فَتَزَوَّجَتْ زَوْجًا، فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا، فَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَحِلُّ لِلْأَوَّلِ؟ قَالَ:  «لَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهَا كَمَا ذَاقَ الْأَوَّلُ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُثَنًّى.\n\n١٤٦٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ثُمَّ لَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُجْعَلُ وَاحِدَةً عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَيَكُونُ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ، وَحَدِيثُ الْعَسِيفِ فِي حَدِّ الزَّانِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَانَ يَعْنِي دُونَهُ، فَإِذَا رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ غَيَّرَ مِنْهُ مَا رَأَى تَغْيِيرَهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":42},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1013>مَا يَقَعُ بِهِ الطَّلَاقُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ وَلَا يَقَعُ إِلَّا بِالنِّيَّةِ</span>","vol":"11","page":43},{"text":"١٤٦٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْجَمَاهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَرْدَكَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ ⦗٤٤⦘ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَاهَكَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" ثَلَاثٌ جَدُّهُنَّ جَدٌّ وَهَزْلُهُنَّ جَدٌّ: النِّكَاحُ، وَالطَّلَاقُ، وَالرَّجْعَةُ \". رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَتَابَعَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ.\n\n١٤٦٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الطَّلَاقَ فِي كِتَابِهِ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَسْمَاءٍ: الطَّلَاقِ وَالْفِرَاقِ وَالسَّرَاحِ، فَمَنْ خَاطَبَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَأَفْرَدَ لَهَا اسْمًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَسْمَاءِ لَزِمَهُ الطَّلَاقُ وَلَمْ يَنْوِ فِي الْحُكْمِ.\n\n١٤٦٩٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَمَا تُكُلِّمَ بِهِ مِمَّا يُشْبِهُ الطَّلَاقَ سِوَى هَؤُلَاءِ الْكَلِمَاتِ فَلَيْسَ بِطَلَاقٍ حَتَّى يَقُولَ: كَانَ مَخْرَجُ كَلَامِي بِهِ عَلَى أَنِّي نَوَيْتُ بِهِ طَلَاقًا وَهُوَ مَا أَرَادَ مِنْ عَدَدِ الطَّلَاقِ","vol":"11","page":43},{"text":"١٤٦٩٧ - حَدَّثَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الطَّيِّبِ سَهْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، إِمْلَاءً، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِمْ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ عُجَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ رُكَانَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ سُهَيْمَةَ الْبَتَّةَ، ثُمَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي سُهَيْمَةَ الْبَتَّةَ وَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِرُكَانَةَ ⦗٤٥⦘: «وَاللَّهِ» مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً؟ \"، فَقَالَ: رُكَانَةَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً، فَرَدَّهَا إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَطَلَّقَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ، وَالثَّالِثَةَ فِي زَمَانِ عُثْمَانَ.\n\n١٤٦٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ السَّرْحِ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْكَلْبِيُّ يَعْنِي أَبَا ثَوْرٍ فِي آخَرَيْنِ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٤٦٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ النَّسَائِيُّ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ ابْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ عُجَيْرٍ، عَنْ رُكَانَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١٤٧٠٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمَدَنِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رُكَانَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"11","page":44},{"text":"١٤٧٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ، أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ الْبَتَّةَ، ثُمَّ أَتَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟»، فَقَالَ: قَدْ قُلْتُهُ، فَتَلَا عُمَرُ: ﴿وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُوا مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتًا﴾ [النساء: ٦٦] قَالَ عُمَرُ: «مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟» قَالَ: قَدْ قُلْتُهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ:  «أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ امْرَأَتَكَ فَإِنَّ الْوَاحِدَةَ تَبُتُّ» ⦗٤٦⦘.\n\n١٤٧٠٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ لِلتَّوْمَةِ مِثْلَ الَّذِي قَالَ لِلْمُطَّلِبِ","vol":"11","page":45},{"text":"١٤٧٠٣ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ اَلْبَتَّةَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «مَا أَرَدْتَ بِذَلِكَ؟» قَالَ: «أَتُرَانِي أُقِيمُ عَلَى حَرَامٍ وَالنِّسَاءُ كَثِيرٌ»، فَأَحْلَفَهُ فَحَلَفَ.\n\n١٤٧٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أُرَاهُ قَالَ: فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ.\n\n١٤٧٠٥ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَذَكَرَ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ مُخْتَصَرًا.\n\n١٤٧٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَسْأَلَةُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ الْمُطَّلِبَ: مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟ يُرَدِّدُهَا، يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَا أَرَدْتَ بِذَلِكَ، وَقَوْلُ الْمُطَّلِبِ: قَدْ قُلْتُهُ يَعْنِي وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنِّي بِلَا نِيَّةٍ.\n\n١٤٧٠٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ مَا بَيَّنَ أَنَّ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ عُمَرَ: مَا وَصَفْتَ قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخِرَ: فَلَمَّا أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُرِدْ بِهِ زِيَادَةً عَلَى عَدَدِ الطَّلَاقِ أَلْزَمَهُ وَاحِدَةً وَهِيَ أَقَلُّ الطَّلَاقِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَبَيَّنَ فِي قَولِهِ.\n\n١٤٧٠٨ - قَالَ: ﴿وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُوا مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ﴾ [النساء: ٦٦] لَوْ طَلَّقَ فَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اَلْبَتَّةَ إِذْ كَانَتْ كَلِمَةً مُحْدَثَةً لَيْسَتْ فِي أَصْلِ الطَّلَاقِ تَحْتَمِلُ صِفَةَ الطَّلَاقِ وَزِيَادَةً فِي عَدَدِهِ وَمَعْنًى غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، فَنَهَاهُ عَنِ الْمُشْكِلِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ، وَلَمْ يَنْهَهُ عَنِ الطَّلَاقِ وَهُوَ لَا يُحَلِّفُهُ عَلَى مَا أَرَادَ، إِلَّا وَلَوْ أَرَادَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدَةٍ أَلْزَمَهُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"11","page":46},{"text":"١٤٧٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: حَبْلُكِ عَلَى غَارِبِكِ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى عَامِلِهِ أَنْ مُرْهُ يُوافِينِي فِي الْمَوسِمِ، فَبَيْنَمَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ إِذْ لَقِيَهُ الرَّجُلُ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَنْتَ؟» قَالَ: أَنَا الَّذِي أَمَرْتَ أَنْ يُجْلَبَ عَلَيْكَ، فَقَالَ: «أُنْشِدُكَ بِرَبِّ هَذِهِ الْبَنِيَّةِ هَلْ أَرَدْتَ بِقَولِكَ حَبْلُكِ عَلَى غَارِبِكِ الطَّلَاقَ؟»، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: لَوِ اسْتَحْلَفْتَنِي فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَكَانِ مَا صَدَقْتُ، أَرَدْتُ الْفِرَاقَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «هُوَ مَا أَرَدْتَ».\n\n١٤٧١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ كَلَامٍ أَشْبَهَ الطَّلَاقَ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِهِ طَلَاقًا حَتَّى يَسْأَلَ قَائِلَهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ أَرَادَ طَلَاقًا فَهُوَ طَلَاقٌ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُرِدْ لَمْ يَكُنْ طَلَاقًا، أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ مَالِكًا فِي خِلَافِ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ","vol":"11","page":47},{"text":"١٤٧١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: الْبَتَّةُ؟ فَقَالَ: «يَدِينُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ أَرَادَ ثَلَاثًا فَثَلَاثٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَرَادَ وَاحِدَةً فَوَاحِدَةٌ».\n\n١٤٧١٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا دَعَاهُ بَعْضُ أُمَرَائِهِمْ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ الْبَتَّةَ، فَاسْتَعْفَاهُ شُرَيْحٌ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَعْفِيَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَمَّا الطَّلَاقُ فَسُنَّةٌ وَأَمَّا الْبَتَّةُ فَبِدْعَةٌ، فَأَمَّا السُّنَّةُ فَالطَّلَاقُ فَأَمْضُوهُ، وَأَمَّا الْبِدْعَةُ فَالْبَتَّةُ فَقَلِّدُوهُ إِيَّاهَا وَدِينُوهُ فِيهَا","vol":"11","page":47},{"text":"١٤٧١٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: \" أَنْتِ خَلِيَّةٌ، أَوْ خَلَوْتِ مِنِّي، وَقَوْلُهُ أَنْتِ بَرِيَّةٌ وَبَرِئْتِ مِنِّي، أَوْ يَقُولُ: أَنْتِ بَائِنَةٌ أَوْ قَدْ بِنْتِ مِنِّي؟ قَالَ: «سَوَاءٌ» ⦗٤٨⦘.\n\n١٤٧١٤ - قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: وَأَمَّا قَولُهُ: أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ فَسُنَّةٌ لَا يَدِينُ فِي ذَلِكَ هُوَ الطَّلَاقُ.\n\n١٤٧١٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: وَأَمَّا قَولُهُ أَنْتِ بَرِيَّةٌ أَوْ بَائِنَةٌ فَذَلِكَ مَا أَحْدَثُوا، سُئِلَ: فَإِنْ كَانَ أَرَادَ الطَّلَاقَ فَهُوَ الطَّلَاقُ وَإِلَّا فَلَا","vol":"11","page":47},{"text":"١٤٧١٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قَولِهِ: أَنْتِ بَرِيَّةٌ، أَوْ أَنْتِ بَائِنَةٌ، أَوْ خَلِيَّةٌ، أَوْ بَرِئْتِ مِنِّي، أَوْ بِنْتِ مِنِّي قَالَ: «يَدِينُ»","vol":"11","page":48},{"text":"١٤٧١٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «إِنْ أَرَادَ الطَّلَاقَ فَهُوَ الطَّلَاقُ لِقَولِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ»","vol":"11","page":48},{"text":"١٤٧١٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ؟ قَالَ: «إِنْ نَوَى طَلَاقًا فَهُوَ طَلَاقٌ، وَإِلَّا فَهِيَ يَمِينٌ».\n\n١٤٧١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فِي الْجَامِعِ، عَنِ الثَّورِيِّ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: فِي الْخَلِيَّةِ وَالْبَرِيَّةِ وَالْبَتَّةِ وَالْبَائِنَةِ وَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا \".\n\n١٤٧٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: حَبْلُكِ عَلَى غَارِبِكِ، فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ ﵁: انْظُرْ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: مَا أَرَدْتَ؟ فَجَحَدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ الطَّلَاقَ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَحْلِفَهُ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْمَقَامِ، فَأَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ الطَّلَاقَ فَأَمْضَاهُ عَلِيٌّ ثَلَاثًا ⦗٤٩⦘.\n\n١٤٧٢١ - قَالَ: وَذُكِرَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلُهُ.\n\n١٤٧٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا عَلَى مَا رُوِيَ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْبَتَّةِ أَنَّهَا ثَلَاثٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَى مَنْصُورٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا، فَأَتَى عُمَرُ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْمَقَامِ مَا الَّذِي أَرَدْتَ بِقَولِكَ؟ قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ الطَّلَاقَ، فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَيُحْتَمَلَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَرَادَ بِكُلِّ مَرَّةٍ إِحْدَاثَ طَلَاقٍ. وَالْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"11","page":48},{"text":"١٤٧٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، حِينَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ قَبُولِ تَوبَتِهِ أَنْ يَعْتَزِلَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: أُطَلِّقُهَا أَمْ مَاذَا؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا بَلِ اعْتَزِلْهَا فَلَا تَقْرَبَنَّهَا». فَقُلْتُ لِامْرَأَتِي: الْحَقِي بِأَهْلِكِ، فَكُونِي عِنْدَهُمْ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ \".\n\n١٤٧٢٤ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا لَمْ يُرِدْ بِقَوْلِهِ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: الْحَقِي بِأَهْلِكِ طَلَاقًا لَمْ يَقَعْ بِهِ طَلَاقٌ وَسَائِرُ الْكِنَايَاتِ مَقِيسَةٌ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"11","page":49},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1014>مَنْ قَالَ فِي الْكِنَايَاتِ أَنَّهَا ثَلَاثٌ</span>","vol":"11","page":50},{"text":"١٤٧٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: \" فِي الْخَلِيَّةِ وَالْبَرِيَّةِ وَالْحَرَامِ: ثَلَاثٌ \"","vol":"11","page":50},{"text":"١٤٧٢٦ - وَفِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ رِيَاشِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الطَّائِيِّ قَالَ: «أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، جَعَلَ الْبَتَّةَ ثَلَاثًا».\n\n١٤٧٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ نَقُولُ بِهَذَا، أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"11","page":50},{"text":"١٤٧٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" فِي الْخَلِيَّةِ وَالْبَرِيَّةِ: ثَلَاثًا ثَلَاثًا \".\n\n١٤٧٢٩ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ مَالِكًا فِي خِلَافِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا وَغَيْرِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا، وَمَالِكٌ يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَيُدِينُهُ فِي الَّتِي لَمْ يُدْخَلْ بِهَا","vol":"11","page":50},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1015>التَّمْلِيكُ وَالتَّخْيِيرُ</span>","vol":"11","page":51},{"text":"١٤٧٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، فَأَتَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ وَعَيْنَاهُ تَدْمَعَانِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: «مَا شَأْنُكَ؟» قَالَ: مَلَّكْتُ امْرَأَتِي أَمْرَهَا فَفَارَقَتْنِي، فَقَالَ لَهُ زَيْدٌ: «مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟»، فَقَالَ لَهُ: الْقَدَرُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ زَيْدٌ: «ارْتَجِعْهَا إِنْ شِئْتَ، فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ وَأَنْتَ أَمْلَكُ بِهَا»","vol":"11","page":51},{"text":"١٤٧٣١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: \" إِذَا مَلَّكَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَالْقَضَاءُ مَا قَضَتْ إِلَّا أَنْ يُنَاكِرَهَا الرَّجُلُ فَيَقُولُ: لَمْ أُرِدْ إِلَّا تَطْلِيقَةً وَاحِدَةً فَيَحْلِفُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَيَكُونُ أَمْلَكُ بِهَا مَا كَانَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا \"","vol":"11","page":51},{"text":"١٤٧٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ مَلَّكَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَمْرَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: أَنْتَ الطَّلَاقُ، فَسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: أَنْتَ الطَّلَاقُ، فَقَالَ: «بِفِيكِ الْحَجَرُ»، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: أَنْتَ الطَّلَاقُ، فَقَالَ «بِفِيكِ الْحَجَرُ» ⦗٥٢⦘، فَاخْتَصَمَا إِلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ مَا مَلَّكَهَا إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً فَرَدَّهَا إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: كَانَ الْقَاسِمُ يُعْجِبُهُ هَذَا الْقَضَاءُ وَيَرَاهُ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعَ فِي ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٤٧٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالشَّافِعِيُّ إِنَّمَا يَقُولُ فِي هَذَا بِقَوْلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَلَا يَشْتَرِطُ الْمُنَاكَرَةَ.\n\n١٤٧٣٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ وَلِيدَةُ قَومٍ، فَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهَا: شَأْنُكُمْ بِهَا. فَرَأَى النَّاسُ أَنَّهَا تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ.\n\n١٤٧٣٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ تَطْلِيقَةً إِذَا نَوَاهَا","vol":"11","page":51},{"text":"١٤٧٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاويَةَ، وَيَعْلَى، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً قَالَتْ: لِزَوْجِهَا: لَوْ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ الَّذِي بِيَدِكَ بِيَدِي لَطَلَّقْتُكَ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ جَعَلْتُ الْأَمْرَ إِلَيْكِ، فَطَلَّقَتْ نَفْسَهَا ثَلَاثًا. فَسَأَلَ عُمَرُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «هِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا»، فَقَالَ: عُمَرُ: «وَأَنَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ».\n\n١٤٧٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ إِذَا جُعِلَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَمْ أُرِدْ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً فَالْقَوْلُ قَولُهُ وَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ، وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا فَيَجْعَلُونَهَا وَاحِدَةً بَائِنَةً","vol":"11","page":52},{"text":"١٤٧٣٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَمُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الْخِيَارِ:  «إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا».\n\n١٤٧٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ، وَيَرَونَ الطَّلَاقَ فِيهِ بَائِنًا، وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ حَفْصٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي: أَمْرُكِ بِيَدِكِ وَاخْتَارِي، سَوَاءٌ.\n\n١٤٧٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ فَيُفَرِّقُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا","vol":"11","page":53},{"text":"١٤٧٤١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ وَثَّابِ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: \" إِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: اسْتَلْحِقِي بِأَهْلِكِ، أَوْ وَهَبَهَا لِأَهْلِهَا فَقَبِلُوهَا فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا \".\n\n١٤٧٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ إِذَا أَرَادَ الطَّلَاقَ وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهَا تَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ","vol":"11","page":53},{"text":"١٤٧٤٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «لَا يَكُونُ طَلَاقٌ بَائِنٌ إِلَّا خُلْعٌ أَوْ إِيلَاءٌ».\n\n١٤٧٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ فِي عَامَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ فَيَجْعَلُونَهُ بَائِنًا، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَجْعَلُ الطَّلَاقَ كُلَّهُ يَمْلِكُ فِيهِ الرَّجْعَةَ إِلَّا طَلَاقُ الْخُلْعِ.\n\n١٤٧٤٥ - قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَعَنْ عُمَرَ فِي الْبَتَّةِ أَنَّهَا وَاحِدَةٌ يَمْلِكُ فِيهَا الرَّجْعَةَ","vol":"11","page":53},{"text":"١٤٧٤٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَاصِمٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: \" فِي الْخِيَارِ: إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا \".\n\n١٤٧٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: زَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ: وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ","vol":"11","page":54},{"text":"١٤٧٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ نَقُولُ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ، أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ: إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَا شَيْءَ، وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «خَيَّرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاخْتَرْنَاهُ، فَلَمْ يَعُدَّ ذَلِكَ طَلَاقًا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ. وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ.\n\n١٤٧٤٩ - وَفِي جَامِعِ الثَّورِيِّ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَا يَقُولَانِ: «إِذَا خَيَّرَهَا فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا، فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا. وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ».\n\n١٤٧٥٠ - وَعَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي التَّخْيِيرِ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي حِكَايَةِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عِيسَى بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ","vol":"11","page":54},{"text":"١٤٧٥١ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: وَأَرْسَلَ، يَعْنِي عُمَرَ، إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فَخَالَفَنِي وَإِيَّاهُ، فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: «إِنَّهَا إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَثَلَاثٌ وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا»","vol":"11","page":55},{"text":"١٤٧٥٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ، وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَا شَيْءَ»","vol":"11","page":55},{"text":"١٤٧٥٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ التَّخْيِيرِ، فَقَالَ: مِثْلَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ نَاسًا يَرْوُونَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَتَطْلِيقَةٌ وَزَوْجُهَا أَحَقُّ بِرَجْعَتِهَا، وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَتَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَهِيَ أَمْلَكُ بِنَفْسِهَا» قَالَ: «هَذَا وَجَدُوهُ فِي الصُّحُفِ».\n\n١٤٧٥٤ - فَهَذِهِ ثَلَاثُ رِوَايَاتٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مُخْتَلِفَةٍ.\n\n١٤٧٥٥ - وَأَمَّا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُمَلِّكُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَتَخْتَارُ نَفْسَهَا قَالَ: هِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا","vol":"11","page":55},{"text":"١٤٧٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الثَّورِيِّ فِي الْجَامِعِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْودِ، وَعَلْقَمَةَ، فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: الَّذِي بِيَدِي مِنْ أَمْرِكِ بِيَدِكِ، قَالَتْ: فَإِنِّي قَدْ طَلَّقْتُكَ ثَلَاثًا قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: «أُرَاهَا وَاحِدَةً وَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا»، وَسُئِلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ: وَأَنَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ. قَالَ مَنْصُورٌ: قُلْتُ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: خَطَّأَ اللَّهُ نَوْءَهَا لَوْ قَالَتْ: قَدْ طَلَّقْتُ نَفْسِي، فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: هُمَا سَوَاءٌ، يَعْنِي قَولَهَا طَلَّقْتُكَ وَطَلَّقْتُ نَفْسِي سَوَاءٌ.\n\n١٤٧٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا مَلَّكَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ خَيَّرَهَا فَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ، وَلَا أَعْرِفُ فِي الْوقْتِ ⦗٥٦⦘ الَّذِي يَنْقَطِعُ مَا جُعِلَ إِلَيْهَا أَثَرًا يُتَّبَعُ، وَلَا يَحْضُرُنِي فِيهِ شَيْءٌ يُشْبِهُ الْقِيَاسَ الصَّحِيحَ. وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قِيَاسًا عَلَى الْبُيُوعِ فَيُقَالُ: إِلَيْهَا أَمْرُهَا، مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِمَا أَوْ يَرْجِعْ فِيمَا جَعَلَ إِلَيْهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ شَيْئًا.\n\n١٤٧٥٨ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِيَ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ يَعْنِي أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ، إِلَيْهَا مَا دَامَتْ فِي مَجْلِسِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَجَابِرٍ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَبِهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ. وَفِيهِ قَوْلٌ ثَانٍ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ أَمْرَهَا بِيَدِهَا وَإِنْ قَامَتْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَجْلِسِ، هَذَا قَوْلُ الْحَكَمِ، وَأَبِي ثَوْرٍ قَالَ: وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ الْقَولَيْنِ.\n\n١٤٧٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا رُوِّينَا فِي، تَخْيِيرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَ: \" يَا عَائِشَةُ: إِنِّي ذَاكِرٌ لَكَ أَمْرًا فَلَا عَلَيْكِ أَلَّا تَعْجَلِي حَتَّى تَسْتَأْمِرِي أَبَويْكِ \".\n\n١٤٧٦٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ لَا تَعْجَلِي فِيهِ حَتَّى تَسْتَشِيرِي أَبَويْكِ»","vol":"11","page":55},{"text":"١٤٧٦١ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ. وَفِي أَسَانِيدِ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ مَقَالٌ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الرِوَايَةَ عَنْهُمْ كَمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ ⦗٥٧⦘ بْنَ عَفَّانَ قَالَا:  «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مَلَّكَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَمَرَهَا فَافْتَرَقَا فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَجْلِسِ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ فِيهِ شَيْئًا فَأَمْرُهَا إِلَى زَوْجِهَا»","vol":"11","page":56},{"text":"١٤٧٦٢ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاويَةَ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ:  «إِذَا جَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَرَ امْرَأَتِهِ بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ فَقَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ، فَلَا أَمْرَ لَهُ»","vol":"11","page":57},{"text":"١٤٧٦٣ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «إِذَا خَيَّرَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَمْ تَخْتَرْ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ ذَلِكَ فَلَا خِيَارَ لَهَا».\n\n١٤٧٦٤ - وَهَذِهِ أَسَانِيدُ غَيْرُ قَويَّةٍ، وَأَمْثَلُهَا حَدِيثُ جَابِرٍ.\n\n١٤٧٦٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ فَإِنَّ رَاوِيهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، وَالْمُثَنَّى ضَعِيفٌ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ.\n\n١٤٧٦٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَرَاوِيهِ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٤٧٦٧ - وَمَنْ قَالَ بِالْأَوَّلِ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يَتَعَلَّقْ تَخْيِيرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْمَجْلِسِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُخَيِّرَهَا فِي إِيقَاعِ الطَّلَاقِ بِنَفْسِهَا، وَإِنَّمَا خَيَّرَهَا عَلَى أَنَّهَا إِذَا اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا أَحْدَثَ لَهَا طَلَاقًا لِقَولِهِ: ﴿فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٨].\n\n١٤٧٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَأَمَّا مِلْكُ أَمْرِهَا غَيْرُهَا فَهَذِهِ وَكَالَةٌ مَتَى أَوْقَعَ عَلَيْهَا الطَّلَاقَ وَقَعَ وَمَتَى شَاءَ الزَّوْجُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهِ رَجَعَ","vol":"11","page":57},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1016>إِذَا طَلَّقَ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَلَمْ يُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَهُ</span>\n١٤٧٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَمْ يَكُنْ طَلَاقًا، وَهُوَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ النُّفُوسِ الْمَوضُوعِ عَنْ بَنِي آدَمَ»","vol":"11","page":58},{"text":"١٤٧٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَجَاوَزَ عَنْ أُمَّتِي مَا وَسْوَسَتْ بِهِ صُدُورُهَا مَا لَمْ تَعْمَلْ أَوْ تَكَلَّمْ»","vol":"11","page":58},{"text":"١٤٧٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَا حَدَّثَتْ بِهِ أَنْفُسَهَا مَا لَمْ تَعْمَلْ بِهِ أَوْ تَكَلَّمْ بِهِ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ","vol":"11","page":58},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1017>الْحَرَامُ</span>","vol":"11","page":59},{"text":"١٤٧٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِيمَا حَكَى عَنِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْحَرَامِ: «إِنْ نَوَى يَمِينًا فَيَمِينٌ، وَإِنْ نَوَى طَلَاقًا فَطَلَاقٌ، وَهُوَ مَا نَوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ».\n\n١٤٧٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الثَّورِيُّ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، وَقَالَ: نِيَّتُهُ فِي الْحَرَامِ مَا نَوَى إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَوَى طَلَاقًا فَهِيَ يَمِينٌ. وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَكِلَاهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٤٧٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا قَالَ: لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ فَإِنْ نَوَى طَلَاقًا فَهُوَ طَلَاقٌ وَهُوَ مَا أَرَادَ مِنْ عَدَدِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُرِدْ طَلَاقًا فَلَيْسَ بِطَلَاقٍ، وَيُكَفِّرُ كَفَّارَةَ يَمِينٍ قِيَاسًا عَلَى الَّذِي يُحَرِّمُ أَمَتَهُ فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا الْكَفَّارَةُ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَرَّمَ ⦗٦٠⦘ أَمَتَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ [التحريم: ١]، وَجَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ يَمِينًا، فَقَالَ: ﴿قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ [التحريم: ٢].\n\n١٤٧٧٥ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الرَّجْعَةِ: وَإِنْ أَرَادَ طَلَاقًا وَلَمْ يُرِدْ عَدَدًا فَهُوَ وَاحِدَةٌ يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ، وَإِنْ قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ تَحْرِيمَهَا لِلْإِطْلَاقِ لَمْ يَكُنْ حَرَامًا وَكَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَرَّمَ جَارِيَتَهُ فَأُمِرَ بِكَفَّارَةِ يَمِينٍ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي التَّشْبِيهِ.\n\n١٤٧٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْحَرَامِ: يَمِينٌ يُكَفِّرُهَا.\n\n١٤٧٧٧ - وَقَالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١]، يَعْنِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ حَرَّمَ جَارِيَتَهُ فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ [التحريم: ١] إِلَى قَولِهِ: ﴿قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ [التحريم: ٢]، فَكَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَصَيَّرَ الْحَرَامَ يَمِينًا. أَخْبَرَنِيهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٤٧٧٨ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ دُونَ قَولِهِ، يَعْنِي وَلَا أَدْرِي مَنْ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: أَمَرَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا حَرَّمُوا شَيْئًا مِمَّا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُكَفِّرُوا ⦗٦١⦘ عَنْ أَيْمَانِهُمْ بِإِطْعَامِ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ كِسْوتِهِمْ أَوْ تَحْرِيرِ رَقَبَةٍ، وَلَيْسَ يَدْخُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ طَلَاقٌ","vol":"11","page":59},{"text":"١٤٧٧٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «فِي الْحَرَامِ يَمِينٌ يُكَفِّرُهَا»، وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَذَهَبَ مَسْرُوقُ بْنُ الْأَجْدَعِ إِلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ آلَى وَحَرَّمَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ [التحريم: ١] فَجَعَلَ الْحَرَامَ حَلَالًا وَجَعَلَ فِي الْيَمِينِ كَفَّارَةً.\n\n١٤٧٨٠ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَالْمُرْسَلُ أَصَحُّ. وإِلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ ذَهَبَ قَتَادَةُ وَهُوَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِحَفْصَةَ: «اسْكُتِي فَوَاللَّهِ لَا أَقْرَبُهَا»، يُرِيدُ فَتَاتَهُ، «وَهِيَ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ»\n\n١٤٧٨١ - وَكَذَا قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَرَّمَ أُمَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَالَ: «أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ، وَاللَّهِ لَا أَمَسُّكِ» فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ مَا أَنْزَلَ","vol":"11","page":61},{"text":"١٤٧٨٢ - وَفِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَوْلٌ آخَرُ وَهُوَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، تُخْبِرُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَمْكُثُ عِنْدَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ وَيَشْرَبُ عِنْدَهَا عَسَلًا قَالَتْ: فَتَوَاصَيْتُ أَنَا وَحَفْصَةُ أَنَّ أَيَّتَنَا مَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَتْ: إِنِّي أَجِدُ مِنْكَ رِيحَ مَغَافِيرَ؟ وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: أَكَلْتَ مَعَافِيرَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى إِحْدَاهُمَا، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا بَلْ شَرِبْتُ عَسَلًا عِنْدَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ وَلَنْ ⦗٦٢⦘ أَعُودَ لَهُ»، فَنَزَلَتْ: \" ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ [التحريم: ١] إِلَى ﴿إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ [التحريم: ٤] لِعَائِشَةَ وَحَفْصَةَ ﴿وَإِذْ أَسَرَّ النَّبِيُّ إِلَى بَعْضِ أَزْوَاجِهِ حَدِيثًا﴾ [التحريم: ٣]، لِقَولِهِ بَلْ شَرِبْتُ عَسَلًا.\n\n١٤٧٨٣ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ. قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: وَقَالَ لِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، «وَلَنْ أَعُودَ لَهُ وَقَدْ حَلَفْتُ فَلَا تُخْبِرِي بِذَلِكَ أَحَدًا».\n\n١٤٧٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَوْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ: «وَاللَّهِ لَا أَشْرَبُهُ».\n\n١٤٧٨٥ - فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّهُ حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ، وَجُوبَ الْكَفَّارَةِ تَعَلَّقَ بِالْيَمِينِ لَا بِالتَّحْرِيمِ.\n\n١٤٧٨٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، يُخَالِفُهُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَلْفَاظِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ نُزُولَ الْآيَةِ فِيهِ، وَنُزُولُهَا فِي تَحْرِيمِ مَارِيَةَ أَشْهَرُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٦٣⦘.\n\n١٤٧٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْحَرَامِ ثَلَاثٌ، أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"11","page":61},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1018>طَلَاقُ الَّتِي لَمْ يُدْخَلْ بِهَا</span>","vol":"11","page":64},{"text":"١٤٧٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]، وَقَالَ: ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٠]، فَالْقُرْآنُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَنْ طَلَّقَ زَوْجَةً لَهُ دَخَلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا ثَلَاثًا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ، وَإِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ الَّتِي لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا: أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ ثَلَاثًا، فَقَدْ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ \"","vol":"11","page":64},{"text":"١٤٧٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوبَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِيَاسِ بْنِ الْبُكَيْرِ قَالَ: طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ امْرَأَتَهُ ⦗٦٥⦘ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا، فَجَاءَ يَسْتَفْتِي، فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ أَسْأَلُ لَهُ، فَسَأَلَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَا:  «لَا نَرَى أَنْ تَنْكِحَهَا حَتَّى تُنْكَحَ» وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: حَتَّى تَتَزَوَّجَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَكَ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ طَلَاقِي إِيَّاهَا وَاحِدَةً، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّكَ أَرْسَلْتَ مِنْ يَدِكَ مَا كَانَ لَكَ مِنْ فَضْلٍ","vol":"11","page":64},{"text":"١٤٧٩٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا؟ قَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ: إِنَّمَا طَلَاقُ الْبِكْرِ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: «إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ قَاصٌّ، الْوَاحِدَةِ تُبِينُهَا، وَالثَّلَاثُ تُحَرِّمُهَا حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ».\n\n١٤٧٩١ - قُلْتُ: كَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، وَخَالَفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، وَعَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ. فَرَوَوْهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ دُونَ ذَكَرِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"11","page":65},{"text":"١٤٧٩٢ - قَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ: إِدْخَالُ مَالِكٍ النُّعْمَانَ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَهْمٌ مِنْ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: وَالنُّعْمَانُ أَقْدَمُ سِنًّا مِنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ وَهُوَ مُعَاويَةُ بْنُ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ جَالِسًا مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَاصِمِ بْنِ ⦗٦٦⦘ عُمَرَ، فَجَاءَهُمَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِيَاسِ بْنِ الْبُكَيْرِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَمَاذَا تَرَيَانِ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ مَالَنَا فِيهِ قَوْلٌ، اذْهَبْ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَإِنِّي تَرَكْتُهُمَا عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ فَاسْأَلْهُمَا ثُمَّ ائْتِنَا فَأَخْبِرْنَا فَذَهَبَ فَسَأَلَهُمَا، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَفْتِهِ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَقَدْ جَاءَتْكَ مُعْضِلَةٌ، فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: «الْوَاحِدَةُ تُبِينُهَا وَالثَّلَاثُ تُحَرِّمُهَا حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ»، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٤٧٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ، وَتَابَعَتْهُمَا عَائِشَةُ. وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدٍ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَنَسٍ، وَذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْهُمْ، وَعَنْ مَنْ رُوِّينَا","vol":"11","page":65},{"text":"١٤٧٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا: أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، ثُمَّ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، ثُمَّ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ:  «أَيُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَةً عَلَى ظَهْرِ الطَّرِيقِ؟ قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْ حِينِ طَلَّقَهَا التَّطْلِيقَةَ الْأُولَى».\n\n١٤٧٩٥ - وَفِي حِكَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، بِذَلِكَ؛ لِأَنَّ امْرَأَتَهُ لَيْسَتْ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ بِالتَّطْلِيقَةِ الْأُولَى.\n\n١٤٧٩٦ - وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَزَيْدٍ","vol":"11","page":66},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1019>الطَّلَاقُ بِالْوَقْتِ</span>","vol":"11","page":67},{"text":"١٤٧٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ ⦗٦٨⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَوْ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ غَدًا أَوْ إِلَى سَنَةٍ: طُلِّقَتْ فِي الْوقْتِ الَّذِي وَقَّتَ وَلَا تُطَلَّقُ قَبْلَهُ \".\n\n١٤٧٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ إِلَى سَنَةٍ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَجَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ","vol":"11","page":67},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1020>طَلَاقُ الْمُكْرَهِ</span>","vol":"11","page":69},{"text":"١٤٧٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ [النحل: ١٠٦]. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلِلْكُفْرِ أَحْكَامٌ بِفِرَاقِ الزَّوْجَةِ وَأَنْ يُقْتَلَ الْكَافِرُ وَيُغْنَمَ مَالُهُ ⦗٧٠⦘، فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ سَقَطَتْ أَحْكَامُ الْإِكْرَاهِ عَنِ الْقَوْلِ كُلِّهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَعْظَمَ إِذَا سَقَطَ عَنِ النَّاسِ سَقَطَ مَا هُوَ أَصْغَرُ مِنْهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ الْإِكْرَاهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ⦗٧١⦘: وَإِذَا خَافَ هَذَا سَقَطَ عَنْهُ حُكْمُ مَا أُكْرِهَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ قَوْلٍ مَا كَانَ الْقَوْلُ فَذَكَرَ الْبَيْعَ وَالنِّكَاحَ وَالطَّلَاقَ وَالْعِتَاقَ وَالْإِقْرَارَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرَحِ هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةِ \"","vol":"11","page":69},{"text":"١٤٨٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ:  «لَا طَلَاقَ لِمُكْرَهٍ».\n\n١٤٨٠١ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ. وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَدَلَّى يَشْتَارُ عَسَلًا، فَجَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ فَوقَفَ عَلَى الْحَبْلِ فَحَلَفَتْ لَتَقْطَعَنَّهُ أَوْ لَيُطَلِّقَنَّهَا ثَلَاثًا، فَذَكَّرَهَا اللَّهَ وَالْإِسْلَامَ فَأَبَتْ ⦗٧٢⦘ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ، فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا، فَلَمَّا ظَهْرَ أَتَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا إِلَيْهِ وَمِنْهُ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ فَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِطَلَاقٍ.\n\n١٤٨٠٢ - فَهَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الضُّبَعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْجُمَحِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ.\n\n١٤٨٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَرَفَعَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَأَبَانَهَا مِنْهُ.\n\n١٤٨٠٤ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، بِخِلَافِهِ، فَهَذَا خَطَأٌ وَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، وَتَنَبَّهَ لَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فَقَالَ: قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بِخِلَافِهِ.\n\n١٤٨٠٥ - وَالْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَهُوَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ مَوْصُولٌ، وَلَا مُخَالِفَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ.\n\n١٤٨٠٦ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَفِي رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَكْرَهَهُ اللُّصُوصُ حَتَّى طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ","vol":"11","page":71},{"text":"١٤٨٠٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَفِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الْأَحْنَفِ، أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: فَدَعَانِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَجِئْتُهُ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا سِيَاطٌ مَوضُوعَةٌ، وَإِذَا قَيْدَانِ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ ⦗٧٣⦘، وَعَبْدَيْنِ لَهُ قَدْ أَجْلَسَهُمَا فَقَالَ لَهُ: طَلِّقْهَا وَإِلَّا وَالَّذِي يُحْلَفُ بِهِ فَعَلْتُ بِكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: هِيَ الطَّلَاقُ أَلْفًا قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ مِنْ عِنْدَهِ فَأَدْرَكْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بِطَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِطَلَاقٍ، إِنَّهَا لَمْ تُحَرَّمْ عَلَيْكَ فَارْجِعْ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ». فَأَتَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ لِي: «لَمْ تُحَرَّمْ عَلَيْكَ فَارْجِعْ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ»\n\n١٤٨٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَشُرَيْحٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ","vol":"11","page":72},{"text":"١٤٨٠٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأُسْتَاذُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ مُحَمَّدٌ الْقُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي عَدِيُّ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، إِلَى صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ أَسْأَلُهَا عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ كَانَتْ تَرْوِيهَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَتْ: حَدَّثَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا طَلَاقَ، وَلَا عَتَاقَ فِي إِغْلَاقٍ». أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ.\n\n١٤٨١٠ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ: مَعْنَى الْإِغْلَاقِ: الْإِكْرَاهُ","vol":"11","page":73},{"text":"١٤٨١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ذَرِّ بْنُ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ الْمُذَكِّرِ فِي آخَرَيْنِ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَجَاوَزَ لِي عَنْ أُمَّتِي الْخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ وَمَا اسْتُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ».\n\n١٤٨١٢ - قَالَ: أَحْمَدُ: وَدُخُولُ التَّخْصِيصِ فِي بَعْضِ أَلْفَاظِ الْخَبَرِ بِدَلَالَةٍ لَا تُوجِبُ دُخُولَهُ فِي الْبَاقِي مِنْ غَيْرِ دَلَالَةٍ","vol":"11","page":74},{"text":"١٤٨١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ ﵁:  «لَيْسَ الرَّجُلُ بِأَمِينٍ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ إِذَا جَوَّعْتَ أَوْ أَوْثَقْتَ أَوْ ضَرَبْتَ».\n\n١٤٨١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ الْإِكْرَاهُ عَلَى الطَّلَاقِ أَوِ الْيَمِينِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ حُذَيْفَةَ وَأَبِيهِ حِينَ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَنْصَرِفَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَلَا يُقَاتِلَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَكْرَهُوهُمَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ وَالْعَهْدِ وَلَكِنَّهُمَا أُخِذَا حِينَ سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَزَعَمَا أَنَّهُمْ يَرِدَانِ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَخَذَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنْهُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ فِي الِانْصِرَافِ إِلَيْهَا وَتَرْكِ الْقِتَالِ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَخْبَرَا بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «انْصَرَفَا نَفِي لَهُمْ بِعُهُودِهِمْ وَنَسْتَعِينُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِمْ»، وَكَانَ هَذَا فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ قَبْلَ ثُبُوتِ الْأَحْكَامِ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ مُسْلِمًا أُحْلِفَ الْيَومَ عَلَى تَرْكِ قِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَإِنَّا نَأْمُرُهُ بِأَنْ يُحَنِّثَ نَفْسَهُ وَيُقَاتِلَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ.","vol":"11","page":74},{"text":"١٤٨١٥ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" ثَلَاثٌ جَدُّهُنَّ جَدٌّ وَهَزْلُهُنَّ جَدٌّ: الطَّلَاقُ وَالنِّكَاحُ وَالرَّجْعَةُ \" لَيْسَ مِنَ الْإِكْرَاهِ فِي شَيْءٍ لِأَنَّ الْمُكْرَهَ لَيْسَ بِجَادٍّ وَلَا هَازِلٍ","vol":"11","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1021>طَلَاقُ السَّكْرَانِ</span>","vol":"11","page":76},{"text":"١٤٨١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ السَّكْرَانِ مِنَ الشَّرَابِ الْمُسْكِرِ وَعِتْقُهُ، وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ مَضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ: لَا يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ السَّكْرَانِ وَكَأَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ مَغْلُوبٌ عَلَى عَقْلِهِ.\n\n١٤٨١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَكْثَرُ مَنْ لَقِيتُ مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ عَلَى أَنَّ طَلَاقَهُ يَجُوزُ. وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ، عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ، وَالْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يُفِيقَ، وَالنَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ»، وَالسَّكْرَانُ لَيْسَ وَاحِدًا مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَلَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٤٨١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِيمَا مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَقَدْ","vol":"11","page":76},{"text":"١٤٨١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: «كُلُّ الطَّلَاقِ جَائِزٌ إِلَّا طَلَاقُ النَّشْوَانِ، وَطَلَاقُ الْمَذجْنُونِ» ⦗٧٧⦘.\n\n١٤٨٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَالِيًا، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ لِلْمَجْنُونِ وَلَا لِلسَّكْرَانِ طَلَاقٌ».\n\n١٤٨٢١ - وَبِهِ قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَطَاوُسٌ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَأَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَبِهِ قَالَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا أَبُو ثَوْرٍ، وَالْمُزَنِيُّ","vol":"11","page":76},{"text":"١٤٨٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنِ الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «اكْتُمُوا الصِّبْيَانَ النِّكَاحَ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ طَلَاقٍ جَائِزٌ إِلَّا طَلَاقَ الْمَعْتُوهِ».\n\n١٤٨٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا طَلَاقَ لِصَغِيرٍ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ.\n\n١٤٨٢٤ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"11","page":77},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1022>طَلَاقُ الْعَبْدِ</span>","vol":"11","page":78},{"text":"١٤٨٢٥ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي وَقُوعِ طَلَاقِهِ بِالْكِتَابِ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٠]، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ قَالَ: وَالْعَبْدُ مِمَّنْ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ وَلَهُ حَلَالٌ فَحَرَامُهُ بِالطَّلَاقِ.\n\n١٤٨٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ مَالِكٌ: حَدَّثَنِي، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَبِي زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ أَذِنَ لِعَبْدِهِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ لَيْسَ بِيَدِ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ طَلَاقِهِ شَيْءٌ».\n\n١٤٨٢٧ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ رَجُلٌ أَمَةَ غُلَامِهِ أَوْ أَمَةَ وَلِيدَتِهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"11","page":78},{"text":"١٤٨٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ رَبِّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، أَنَّ نُفَيْعًا، مُكَاتَبًا لِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ اسْتَفْتَى زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَةً لِي حُرَّةً تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ:  «حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكَ»","vol":"11","page":78},{"text":"١٤٨٢٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ نُفَيْعًا، مُكَاتَبًا لِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَةً حُرَّةً تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، وَاسْتَفْتَى عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ:  «حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكَ».\n\n١٤٨٣٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُمَا جَمِيعًا أَفْتَيَاهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"11","page":79},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1023>الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ</span>","vol":"11","page":80},{"text":"١٤٨٣١ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِذَا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَقَدِ اسْتَثْنَى \"","vol":"11","page":80},{"text":"١٤٨٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ الْعَدْلُ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ الْأَبِيوَرْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعَلَّى بْنُ أَسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِذَا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُمْضِ وَإِنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ \".\n\n١٤٨٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ، وَالْعِتْقِ، وَالنُّذُورِ كَهُوَ فِي الْأَيْمَانِ لَا يُخَالِفُهُمَا ⦗٨١⦘.\n\n١٤٨٣٤ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ: «لَا يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقَ». وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ»","vol":"11","page":80},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1024>بَابُ طَلَاقِ الْمَرِيضِ</span>","vol":"11","page":82},{"text":"١٤٨٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَيَبُتُّهَا، ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَهِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ:  «طَلَّقَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ تَمَاضُرَ بِنْتَ الْأَصْبَغِ الْكَلْبِيَّةَ فَبَتَّهَا ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَهِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا فَوَرَّثَهَا عُثْمَانُ». قَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: «وَأَمَّا أَنَا فَلَا أَرَى أَنْ تَرِثَ مَبْتُوتَةٌ»","vol":"11","page":82},{"text":"١٤٨٣٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِذَلِكَ. وَعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، «أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ» طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ الْبَتَّةَ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ، فَوَرَّثَهَا عُثْمَانُ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّتِهَا \". زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «فَذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَنْ تُوَرَّثَ الْمَرْأَةُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلزَّوْجِ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا الزَّوْجُ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ وَإِنِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا مِنْهُ قَبْلَ مَوتِهِ»\n\n١٤٨٣٧ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «وَإِنْ نَكَحَتْ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ».\n\n١٤٨٣٨ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُمْ: «تَرِثُهُ مَا امْتَنَعَتْ مِنَ الْأَزْوَاجِ» ⦗٨٣⦘.\n\n١٤٨٣٩ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «تَرِثُهُ مَا كَانَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ، فَإِذَا انْقَضَتِ الْعِدَّةُ لَمْ تَرِثْهُ، وَهَذَا مِمَّا أَسْتَخِيرُ اللَّهَ فِيهِ».\n\n١٤٨٤٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَرِثُهُ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ؛ لِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ مُتَّصِلٌ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: وَرَّثَهَا عُثْمَانُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ مَقْطُوعٌ.\n\n١٤٨٤١ - وَأَجَابَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ بِأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ وَرَّثَ امْرَأَةَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَقَدْ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ قَالَ: وَهُوَ فِيمَا يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيَّ أَثْبَتُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَقِيلَ فِي الْعِدَّةِ.\n\n١٤٨٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا رَجَحَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَلَى حَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ لِاتِّصَالِهِ وَانْقِطَاعِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ","vol":"11","page":82},{"text":"١٤٨٤٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَى يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مُعَاويَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ابْنِ أُخْتِ نَمِرٍ، «أَنَّهُ» شَهِدَ عَلَى قَضَاءِ عُثْمَانَ فِي تَمَاضُرَ بِنْتِ الْأَصْبَغِ وَرَّثَهَا مِنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ بَعْدَ مَا حَلَّتْ، وَعَلَى قَضَائِهِ فِي أُمِّ حَكِيمٍ وَرَّثَهَا مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُكْمِلٍ بَعْدَ مَا حَلَّتْ \".\n\n١٤٨٤٤ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مَوْصُولٌ","vol":"11","page":83},{"text":"١٤٨٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَبِيعَةَ بْنَ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، يَقُولُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ سَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا، فَقَالَ لَهَا:  «إِذَا حِضْتِ ثُمَّ طَهُرْتِ فَآذِنِينِي، فَلَمْ تَحِضْ حَتَّى مَرِضَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، فَلَمَّا ⦗٨٤⦘ طَهُرَتْ آذَنَتْهُ فَطَلَّقَهَا الْبَتَّةَ أَوْ تَطْلِيقَةً لَمْ يَكُنْ بَقِيَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ غَيْرُهَا، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَومَئِذٍ مَرِيضٌ فَوَرَّثَهَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّتِهَا».\n\n١٤٨٤٦ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يُؤَكِّدُ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ","vol":"11","page":83},{"text":"١٤٨٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ فِي الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ: «لَا نَزَالُ نُوَرِّثُهَا حَتَّى يَبْرَأَ أَوْ تَتَزَوَّجَ، وَإِنْ مَكَثَ سَنَةً»","vol":"11","page":84},{"text":"١٤٨٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُمْ: تَرِثُهُ مَا لَمْ تَنْقَضِ الْعِدَّةُ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ يَعْنِي مَا رَوَاهُ الثَّورِيُّ فِي الْجَامِعِ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ فِي الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ قَالَ:  «تَرِثُهُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَلَا يَرِثُهَا».\n\n١٤٨٤٩ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ عُمَرَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مُغِيرَةُ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٤٨٥٠ - وَعُبَيْدَةُ الضَّبِّيُّ غَيْرُ قَويٍّ، وَلَهُ عِلَّتَانِ أُخْرَيَانِ ذَكَرَهُمَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ.\n\n١٤٨٥١ - فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ ﵀، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَفِيدُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: كَانَ شُعْبَةُ، يَرْوِي حَدِيثَ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ. قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَكَانَ هُشَيْمٌ يَقُولُ فِي هَذَا ⦗٨٥⦘ الْحَدِيثِ: ذَكَرَهُ عُبَيْدَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَسَأَلْتُ عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْهُ، فَحَدَّثَنَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ ابْنَ هُبَيْرَةَ، كَتَبَ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ فِي الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ وَلَيْسَ عَنْ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٤٨٥٢ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ هَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةَ فِي التَّارِيخِ، وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ هُشَيْمٍ: وَكَانَ هُشَيْمٌ يَقُولُ عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ: ذَكَرَ عُبَيْدَةُ، فَكَأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَشُكُّونَ أَيْضًا فِي سَمَاعِ مُغِيرَةَ هَذَا، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُسْنِدْهُ عُبَيْدَةُ إِلَى عُمَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ، فَهُوَ عَنْ عُمَرَ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀.\n\n١٤٨٥٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهُوَ مَحْصُورٌ ثَلَاثًا، فَوَرَّثَهَا عَلِيٌّ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٤٨٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَدِ اسْتَخَارَ اللَّهَ فِيهِ، يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تَرِثُ الْمَبْتُوتَةُ».\n\n١٤٨٥٥ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: وَهُوَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ: «طَلَّقَهَا عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَرِثُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ»","vol":"11","page":84},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1025>بَابُ الشَّكِّ فِي الطَّلَاقِ</span>","vol":"11","page":86},{"text":"١٤٨٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ» الشَّيْطَانَ يَأْتِي أَحَدَكُمْ فَيَنْفُخُ بَيْنَ أَلْيَتَيْهِ فَلَا يَنْصَرِفْ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ صَوْتًا أَوْ يَجِدَ رِيحًا \".\n\n١٤٨٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا كَانَ عَلَى يَقِينِ الْوُضُوءِ وَشَكَّ فِي انْتِقَاضِهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَثْبُتَ عَلَى يَقِينِ الْوُضُوءِ فَلَا يَنْصَرِفَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِنَ بِانْتِقَاضِ الْوُضُوءِ بِأَنْ يَسْمَعَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ صَوْتًا أَوْ يَجِدَ رِيحًا، وَهُوَ فِي مَعْنَى الَّذِي يَكُونُ عَلَى يَقِينِ النِّكَاحِ، وَيَشُكُّ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الطَّلَاقِ وَلَا يُخَالِفُهُ","vol":"11","page":86},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1026>بَابُ مَا يَهْدِمُ الزَّوْجُ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ</span>","vol":"11","page":87},{"text":"١٤٨٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَهْدِمُ الزَّوْجُ الْمُصِيبُهَا بَعْدَ الثَّلَاثِ، وَلَا يَهْدِمُ الْوَاحِدَةَ وَالثِّنْتَيْنِ قَالَ: وَقَولُنَا هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَدَدٍ مِنْ كِبَارِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٤٨٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُمْ سَمِعُوا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَةً أَوْ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ غَيْرُهُ، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا ⦗٨٨⦘ أَوْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ، عَلَى كَمْ هِيَ عِنْدَهُ؟ قَالَ:  «هِيَ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ».\n\n١٤٨٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مَزِيدَةَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ.\n\n١٤٨٦١ - رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ.\n\n١٤٨٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ خَالَفَنَا فِي هَذَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ\n\n١٤٨٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى وَبَرَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «يَكُونُ عَلَى طَلَاقٍ مُسْتَقْبَلٍ».\n\n١٤٨٦٤ - وَرَوَى طَاوُسٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «يَكُونُ عَلَى طَلَاقٍ جَدِيدٍ ثَلَاثٌ».\n\n١٤٨٦٥ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٤٨٦٦ - وَرِوَايَاتُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الثَّعْلَبِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، ضَعِيفَةٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ أَهْلُ الثِّقَةِ فِي هَذَا ⦗٨٩⦘.\n\n١٤٨٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قَطَنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ مَزِيدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، سَمِعَ عَلِيًّا، يَقُولُ: «هِيَ عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ». وحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ مَنْ رُوِّينَا قَوْلَنَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ، وَمُعَاذٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَبِهِ قَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ","vol":"11","page":87},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1027>كِتَابُ الرَّجْعَةِ</span>","vol":"11","page":90},{"text":"١٤٨٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩].\n\n١٤٨٦٩ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨] إِلَى ﴿وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨].\n\n١٤٨٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" يُقَالُ إِصْلَاحُ الطَّلَاقِ بِالرَّجْعَةِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، فَمَنْ أَرَادَ الرَّجْعَةَ فَهِيَ لَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَهَا لَهُ.\n\n١٤٨٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَيُّمَا حُرٍّ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ بَعْدَ مَا يُصِيبُهَا وَاحِدَةً أَوِ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِرَجْعَتِهَا مَا لَمْ تَنْقَضِ عِدَّتُهَا بِدَلَالَةِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ثُمَّ بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنَّ رُكَانَةَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ الْبَتَّةَ وَلَمْ يُرِدْ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً، فَرَدَّهَا إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٤٨٧٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِحَدِيثِ عُمَرَ فِي الْبَتَّةِ، وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣١]، إِذَا شَارَفْنَ بُلُوغَ أَجَلِهِنَّ فَرَاجِعُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ دَعُوهُنْ يَنْقَضِي عِدَدُهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ، وَنَهَاهُمْ أَنْ يُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِيَعْتَدُوا فَلَا يَحِلُّ إِمْسَاكُهُنَّ ضِرَارًا ⦗٩١⦘\n\n١٤٨٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَطَلَاقُ الْعَبْدِ اثْنَتَانِ، وَيَمْلِكُ مِنْ رَجْعَتِهَا بَعْدَ وَاحِدَةٍ مَا يَمْلِكُ الْحُرُّ مِنْ رَجْعَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ بَعْدَ وَاحِدَةٍ أَوِ اثْنَتَيْنِ.\n\n١٤٨٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الطَّلَاقَ بِالرِّجَالِ وَإِلَيْهِمْ، وَجَعَلَ الْعِدَّةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ، فَيُطَلِّقُ الْحُرُّ الْأَمَةَ ثَلَاثًا وَتَعْتَدُّ حَيْضَتَيْنِ، وَيُطَلِّقُ الْعَبْدُ الْحُرَّةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَتَعْتَدُّ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ \"","vol":"11","page":90},{"text":"١٤٨٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَنْكِحُ الْعَبْدُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ، وَيُطَلِّقُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، وَتَعْتَدُّ الْأَمَةُ حَيْضَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَحِيضُ فَشَهْرَيْنِ أَوْ شَهْرًا وَنِصْفًا». قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَكَانَ ثِقَةً","vol":"11","page":91},{"text":"١٤٨٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ نُفَيْعًا، مُكَاتَبًا لِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَوْ عَبْدًا كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ حُرَّةٌ فَطَلَّقَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا فَأَمَرَهُ أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ فَيَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ فَلَقِيَهُ عِنْدَ الدَّرَجِ آخِذًا بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، فَسَأَلَهُمَا فَابْتَدَرَاهُ جَمِيعًا فَقَالَا:  «حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكَ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكَ».\n\n١٤٨٧٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُمَا","vol":"11","page":91},{"text":"١٤٨٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «إِذَا طَلَّقَ الْعَبْدُ امْرَأَتَهُ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَقَدْ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ حُرَّةً كَانَتْ أَوْ أَمَةً. وَعِدَّةُ الْحَرَّةِ ثَلَاثُ حِيَضٍ، وَعِدَّةُ الْأُمَّةِ حَيْضَتَانِ».\n\n١٤٨٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرِوَايَةُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَرِوَايَةُ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَذْهَبَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَيَّهُمَا رَقَّ نَقَضَ الطَّلَاقَ بِرِقِّهِ، وَالْعِدَّةُ لِلنِّسَاءِ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ","vol":"11","page":92},{"text":"١٤٨٨٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ شَبِيبِ بْنِ مُسْلِي، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوفِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «طَلَاقُ الْأَمَةِ ثِنْتَانِ، وَعِدَّتُهَا حَيْضَتَانِ».\n\n١٤٨٨١ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارُقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: حَدِيثُ عَطِيَّةَ هَذَا مُنْكَرٌ غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّ عَطِيَّةَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَسَالِمٌ وَنَافِعٌ أَثْبَتُ مِنْهُ وَأَصَحُّ رِوَايَةً، وَالْآخَرُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ شَبِيبٍ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ\n\n١٤٨٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: عُمَرُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ قَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَا رَوَاهُ سَالِمٌ وَنَافِعٌ مِنْ قَولِهِ","vol":"11","page":92},{"text":"١٤٨٨٣ - وَرَوَى مُظَاهِرُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «طَلَاقُ الْأَمَةِ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ وَقُرْؤُهَا حَيْضَتَانِ».\n\n١٤٨٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْواسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ مُظَاهِرِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. قَالَ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ: فَذَكَرْتُهُ لِمُظَاهِرٍ فَحَدَّثَنِي بِهِ.\n\n١٤٨٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَيْسَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ حَدِيثٌ أَنْكَرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُظَاهِرٍ هَذَا.\n\n١٤٨٨٦ - وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: مُظَاهِرٌ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ، وَهَذَا مُنْكَرٌ.\n\n١٤٨٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى ضَعْفِ هَذَا الْخَبَرِ مَا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عِدَّةِ الْأَمَةِ فَقَالَ: النَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ حَيْضَتَانِ، وَإِنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَلَا فِي سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٤٨٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ صُغْدِيُّ بْنُ سِنَانٍ عَنْ مُظَاهِرٍ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «طَلَاقُ الْعَبْدِ اثْنَتَانِ» ⦗٩٤⦘.\n\n١٤٨٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الطَّلَاقُ لِلرِّجَالِ، وَالْعِدَّةُ لِلنِّسَاءِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نَجْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"11","page":93},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1028>مَنْ قَالَ: الرَّجْعِيَّةُ مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِ تَحْرِيمُ الْمَبْتُوتَةِ حَتَّى يُرَاجِعَهَا</span>","vol":"11","page":95},{"text":"١٤٨٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّهُ» طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ فِي مَسْكَنِ حَفْصَةَ، وَكَانَتْ طَرِيقُهُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَكَانَ يَسْلُكُ الطَّرِيقَ الْآخَرَ مِنْ أَدْبَارِ الْبُيُوتِ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى يُرَاجِعَهَا \".\n\n١٤٨٩١ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ دِينَارٍ قَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٤٨٩٢ - وَعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً، وَعَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ قَالَا: «لَا يَرَاهَا فُضَلًا» ⦗٩٦⦘.\n\n١٤٨٩٣ - وَعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي نَفْسِهِ ارْتِجَاعُهَا؟ قَالَ: «سَوَاءٌ فِي الْحِلِّ إِذَا كَانَ يُرِيدُ ارْتِجَاعَهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ يُرِدْهُ مَا لَمْ يُرَاجِعْهَا».\n\n١٤٨٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَهَذَا كَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ»","vol":"11","page":95},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1029>الرَّجُلُ يُشْهِدُ عَلَى رَجْعَتِهَا وَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَزَوَّجَتْ زَوْجًا آخَرَ فَهِيَ لِلْأَوَّلِ</span>","vol":"11","page":97},{"text":"١٤٨٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ لِلزَّوْجِ الْمُطَلِّقِ الرَّجْعَةَ فِي الْعِدَّةِ، وَلَا يَبْطُلُ مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنْهَا بِبَاطِلٍ مِنْ نِكَاحِ غَيْرِهِ، وَلَا بِدُخُولٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَحِلُّ عَلَى الِابْتِدَاءِ لَوْ عَرَفَاهُ كَانَا عَلَيْهِ مَحْدُودَيْنِ، وَفِي مِثْلِ مَعْنَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا أُنْكِحَ الْوَلِيَّانِ فَالْأَوَّلُ أَحَقُّ»","vol":"11","page":97},{"text":"١٤٨٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الرَّقِّيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ يُشْهِدُ عَلَى رَجْعَتِهَا وَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ:  «هِيَ امْرَأَةُ الْأَوَّلِ دَخَلَ بِهَا الْآخَرُ أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ»","vol":"11","page":97},{"text":"١٤٨٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، «أَنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَى طَلَاقِهَا، وَرَاجَعَهَا وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَى رَجْعَتِهَا، وَاسْتَكْتَمَ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا، فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةً، وَعَزَّرَ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ» ⦗٩٨⦘.\n\n١٤٨٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا وَيَجْعَلُونَ الرَّجْعَةَ بَائِنَةً أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٤٨٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَإِنْ أَعْلَمَهَا الطَّلَاقَ وَكَتَمَهَا الرَّجْعَةَ حَتَّى يَنْكِحَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ أَثَرٌ بِأَنْ لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الِاتِّبَاعُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ بِالنَّظَرِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ أَثَرٌ ثَابِتٌ فَالنَّظَرُ أَنَّ الرَّجْعَةَ بَائِنَةٌ وَأَنَّ النِّكَاحَ الْآخَرَ مَفْسُوخٌ.\n\n١٤٩٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رِوَايَاتُ خِلَاسٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، يُضَعِّفُهَا أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يَقُولُونَ: هِيَ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٤٩٠١ - وَقَدْ قَطَعَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ بِصِحَّةِ الرَّجْعَةِ","vol":"11","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1030>وَجْهُ الرَّجْعَةِ</span>","vol":"11","page":99},{"text":"١٤٩٠٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" احْتَمَلَ أَمَرُ اللَّهِ ﷿ بِالْإِشْهَادِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَالرَّجْعَةِ مَا احْتَمَلَ أَمْرُهُ بِالْإِشْهَادِ فِي الْبُيُوعِ، وَدَلَّ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنِّي لَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا حَفِظْتُ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ حَرَامًا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ بِغَيْرِ نِيَّةٍ، عَلَى أَنَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ دَلَالَةُ اخْتِيَارٍ لَا فَرَضٍ يَعْصِي بِهِ مَنْ تَرَكَهُ، وَاحْتَمَلَتِ الشَّهَادَةُ عَلَى الرَّجْعَةِ مِنْ هَذَا مَا احْتَمَلَ الطَّلَاقُ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي مِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٤٩٠٣ - قَالَ: وَالِاخْتِيَارُ فِي هَذَا وَفِي غَيْرِهِ مِمَّا أَمَرَ فِيهِ بِالْإِشْهَادِ وَالَّذِي لَيْسَ فِي النَّفْسِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ الْإِشْهَادُ\n\n١٤٩٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَلَمْ يُشْهِدْ وَرَاجَعَ وَلَمْ يُشْهِدْ؟ قَالَ عِمْرَانُ: «طَلَّقَ فِي غَيْرِ عِدَّةٍ، وَرَاجَعَ فِي غَيْرِ سُنَّةٍ، فَلْيُشْهِدِ الْآنَ»\n\n١٤٩٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْودُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ، بِذَلِكَ\n\n١٤٩٠٦ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى نُفُوذِهِمَا دُونَ الْإِشْهَادِ حَتَّى قَالَ: فَلْيُشْهِدِ الْآنَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":99},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1031>بَابُ نِكَاحِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثًا</span>","vol":"11","page":100},{"text":"١٤٩٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٠]، أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا زَوْجٌ غَيْرُهُ، وَكَانَ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى ⦗١٠١⦘ الَّذِي يَسْبِقُ إِلَى مَنْ خُوطِبَ بِهِ، وَاحْتَمَلَ حَتَّى يُصِيبَهَا زَوْجٌ غَيْرُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ اسْمَ النِّكَاحِ يَقَعُ بِالْإِصَابَةِ وَيَقَعُ بِالْعَقْدِ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِامْرَأَةٍ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا ثَلَاثًا وَنَكَحَهَا بَعْدَهُ رَجُلٌ:  «لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ» يَعْنِي يُصِيبُكِ زَوْجٌ غَيْرُهُ، بَيَّنَ أَنَّ إِحْلَالَ اللَّهِ إِيَّاهَا لِلزَّوْجِ الْمُطَلِّقِ بَعْدَ زَوْجٍ بِالنِّكَاحِ إِذَا كَانَ مَعَ النِّكَاحِ إِصَابَةٌ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ \"","vol":"11","page":100},{"text":"١٤٩٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، سَمِعَهَا تَقُولُ: جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةُ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رِفَاعَةَ فَطَلَّقَنِي فَبَتَّ طَلَاقِي، فَتَزَوَّجْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ وَإِنَّمَا مَعَهُ مِثْلُ هُدْبَةِ الثَّوْبِ، فَتَبَسَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَالَ:  «أَتُرِيدِينَ أَنْ تَرْجِعِي إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ؟ لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ» قَالَ: وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بِالْبَابِ يَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَهُ، فَنَادَى يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ مَا تَجْهَرُ بِهِ هَذِهِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"11","page":101},{"text":"١٤٩٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ رِفَاعَةَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَمِيمَةَ بِنْتَ وَهْبٍ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثًا، فَنَكَحَهَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ فَاعْتَرَضَ عَنْهَا، فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا فَفَارَقَهَا، فَأَرَادَ رِفَاعَةُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا وَهُوَ زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ الَّذِي كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا، فَذَكَرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَنَهَاهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَقَالَ:  «لَا تَحِلُّ لَكَ حَتَّى تَذُوقَ الْعُسَيْلَةَ» ⦗١٠٢⦘.\n\n١٤٩١٠ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، فَقَالَ: عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n١٤٩١١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ الْأَمَةَ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيهَا أَنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ».\n\n١٤٩١٢ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَقَالَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"11","page":101},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1032>كِتَابُ الْإِيلَاءِ</span>","vol":"11","page":103},{"text":"١٤٩١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ \" ﴿لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ فَاءُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ، وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلَاقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سُمَيْعٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾ ⦗١٠٤⦘.\n\n١٤٩١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَظَاهِرُ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ أَجَلًا لَهُ فَلَا سَبِيلَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ، كَمَا لَوْ أَجَّلَتْنِي أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَخْذُ حَقِّكَ مِنِّي حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ، وَدَلَّ ⦗١٠٥⦘ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاحِدًا مِنْ حُكْمَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ، فَقُلْنَا بِهَذَا وَقُلْنَا لَا يَلْزَمُهُ طَلَاقٌ بِمُضِيِّ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ حَتَّى يُحْدِثَ فَيْئَةً أَوْ طَلَاقًا قَالَ: وَالْفَيْئَةُ الْجِمَاعُ إِلَّا مِنْ عُذْرٍ \"","vol":"11","page":103},{"text":"١٤٩١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ:  «أَدْرَكْتُ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلُّهُمْ يُوقِفُ الْمُولِيَ».","vol":"11","page":105},{"text":"١٤٩١٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَ:  «شَهِدْتُ عَلِيًّا أَوْقَفَ الْمُولِيَ»","vol":"11","page":105},{"text":"١٤٩١٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا،  «أَوْقَفَ الْمُؤْلِيَ»","vol":"11","page":105},{"text":"١٤٩١٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ كَانَ  «يُوقِفُ الْمُولِيَ»","vol":"11","page":105},{"text":"١٤٩١٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِذَا ذُكِرَ لَهَا الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ أَنْ لَا يَأْتِيَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَيَدَعَهَا خَمْسَةَ أَشْهُرٍ لَا تَرَى ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا حَتَّى يُوقِفَ وَتَقُولُ: \" كَيْفَ قَالَ اللَّهُ: «﴿إِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾»","vol":"11","page":105},{"text":"١٤٩٢٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ لَمْ يَقَعْ عَلَيْهَا طَلَاقٌ، وَإِنْ مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ حَتَّى يُوقِفَ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"11","page":106},{"text":"١٤٩٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، كَانَ  «يُوقِفُ الْمُولِي»","vol":"11","page":106},{"text":"١٤٩٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، «أَنَّ عَلِيًّا،» وَقَفَ الْمُولِي \".\n\n١٤٩٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ وَهُوَ مُوافِقٌ لِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَعَنْ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُمْ وَقَفُوا الْمُولِي. وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَهُ وَيَقُولُونَ لَا يُوقَفُ، إِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ.\n\n١٤٩٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ يَعْنِي بَعْضَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ: لَكِنَّا اتَّبَعْنَا فِيهِ قَوْلَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَأَنْتَ تُخَالِفُهُ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ قَالَ: وَمِنْ أَيْنَ؟ فَذَكَرَ مَا","vol":"11","page":106},{"text":"١٤٩٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «الْمُولِي الَّذِي يَحْلِفُ لَا يَقْرَبُ امْرَأَتَهُ أَبَدًا».\n\n١٤٩٢٦ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَنْتَ تَقُولُ: الْمُولِي مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَصَاعِدًا.\n\n١٤٩٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَمَّا مَا رَوَيْتُهُ فِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَمُرْسَلٌ، وَحَدِيثُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَذِيمَةَ لَا يُسْنِدْهُ غَيْرُهُ عَلِمْتُهُ. يُرِيدُ بِالْمُرْسَلِ رِوَايَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِيمَنْ آلَى مِنَ امْرَأَتَهِ فَمَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا قَالَ: بَانَتْ مِنْهُ. وَيُرِيدُ بِالْمُسْنَدِ رِوَايَةَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَذِيمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: الْإِيلَاءُ إِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ.\n\n١٤٩٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا عَنْهُ فَكُنْتُ إِنَّمَا بِقَوْلِهِ اعْتَلَلْتُ أَكَانَ بِضْعَةُ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِقَولِهِمْ أَوْ وَاحِدٍ أَوِ اثْنَيْنِ.\n\n١٤٩٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَقَلُّ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ.\n\n١٤٩٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا أَيْضًا، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُولِي؟ قَالُوا: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَيُوقَفُ، فَإِنْ فَاءَ وَإِلَّا طَلَّقَ. وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا ثَابِتُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ مَولَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"11","page":107},{"text":"١٤٩٣١ - وَأَمَّا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «إِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَهُوَ أَمْلَكُ بِرَدِّهَا مَا دَامَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا».\n\n١٤٩٣٢ - وَخَالَفَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، مِنْ قَولِهِمَا لَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ","vol":"11","page":108},{"text":"١٤٩٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ «أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَقُولَانِ» فِي الرَّجُلِ يُولِي مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ أَنَّهُ إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ، وَلِزَوْجِهَا عَلَيْهَا الرَّجْعَةُ مَا كَانَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ \".\n\n١٤٩٣٤ - وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: إِنَّ مَرْوَانَ كَانَ يَقْضِي بِذَلِكَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ كَانَ رَأْيُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ\n\n١٤٩٣٥ - هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ عَنْهُمَا غَيْرُ مَرْفُوعٍ إِلَى عُمَرَ.\n\n١٤٩٣٦ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَيْلِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَبَيَّنَهُ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا.\n\n١٤٩٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عُفَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَقُولُ: «هِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا الرَّجْعَةُ».\n\n١٤٩٣٨ - وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ يَقُولُ: مِثْلَ مَا يَقُولُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗١٠٩⦘.\n\n١٤٩٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنِي ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلَمْ أَسْأَلْ عَنْهُ.\n\n١٤٩٤٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: الْإِيلَاءُ يُوقِفُ عِنْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَفِيءَ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ.\n\n١٤٩٤١ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُرَادُهُ بِقَوْلِهِ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ أَنَّهَا تَطْلِيقَةٌ رَجْعِيَّةٌ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا الزَّوْجُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":108},{"text":"١٤٩٤٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ: «يُوقَفُ عِنْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ».\n\n١٤٩٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ: يُوقَفُ فَذَكَرَهُ. وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ.\n\n١٤٩٤٤ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، وَعَائِشَةَ","vol":"11","page":109},{"text":"١٤٩٤٥ - وَأَمَّا الرِوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ فَقَدْ رَوَى عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَقُولَانِ:  «إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ»\n\n١٤٩٤٦ - وَعَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ ضَعِيفٌ، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا\n\n١٤٩٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمَيْمُونِيُّ قَالَ: ذَكَرْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدِيثَ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي مَا هُوَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ ⦗١١٠⦘، خِلَافُهُ، قِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ رَوَاهُ؟ قَالَ: حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ يُوقَفُ\n\n١٤٩٤٨ - وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ عَزْمَ الطَّلَاقِ انْقِضَاءُ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ\n\n١٤٩٤٩ - وَفِي تَفْسِيرِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِنَا.\n\n١٤٩٥٠ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِيمَنْ حَلَفَ لَا يَقْرَبُهَا أَقَلَّ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ لَمْ يَقَعْ عَلَيْهَا بِذَلِكَ إِيلَاءٌ.\n\n١٤٩٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يُحْكَمُ بِالْوَقْفِ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ تَجَاوَزَ فِيهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ","vol":"11","page":109},{"text":"١٤٩٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «فِي الْإِيلَاءِ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ، أَنْ لَا يَمَسَّهَا أَبَدًا، أَوْ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، أَوْ مَا زَادَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ، أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"11","page":110},{"text":"١٤٩٥٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: \" الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ بِاللَّهِ عَلَى الْجِمَاعِ نَفْسِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ أَنْ ⦗١١١⦘ لَا يَمَسَّهَا، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَقُولَ: لَا أَمَسُّكِ وَلَا يَحْلِفُ، أَوْ يَقُولَ لَهَا قَولًا غَلِيظًا ثُمَّ يَهْجُرُهَا، فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِإِيلَاءٍ \"","vol":"11","page":110},{"text":"١٤٩٥٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: \" تَزَوَّجَ الزُّبَيْرُ أَوِ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، شَكَّ الرَّبِيعُ، امْرَأَةً فَاسْتَزَادَهُ أَهْلُهَا فِي الْمَهْرِ فَأَبَى، فَكَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ شَرٌّ، فَحَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يُدْخِلَهَا عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ أَهْلُهَا الَّذِينَ يَسْأَلُونَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: فَلَبِثُوا سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ طَلَبُوا ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا: اقْبِضْ إِلَيْكَ أَهْلَكَ، وَلَمْ يُعَدَّ ذَلِكَ إِيلَاءٌ، وَأَدْخَلَهَا عَلَيْهِ \".\n\n١٤٩٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَسْقُطُ الْإِيلَاءُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ بِأَنْ يَأْتِيَهَا وَلَا يُدْخِلُهَا عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ أَرَادَ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى بِيَمِينِهِ","vol":"11","page":111},{"text":"١٤٩٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَطِيَّةَ الْأَسَدِيِّ، أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةَ أَخِيهِ وَهِيَ تُرْضِعُ بِابْنِ أَخِيهِ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَقْرَبُهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَهُ. فَسَأَلَ عَلِيًّا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «إِنْ كُنْتَ إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتَ الْإِصْلَاحَ لَكَ أَوْ لِابْنِ أَخِيكَ فَلَا إِيلَاءَ عَلَيْكَ، إِنَّمَا» الْإِيلَاءُ مَا كَانَ فِي الْغَضَبِ \".\n\n١٤٩٥٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ، وَرَوَاهُ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي عِجْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَطِيَّةَ.\n\n١٤٩٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ⦗١١٢⦘\n\n١٤٩٥٩ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَظُنُّهُ فِي مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٤٩٦٠ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَسَعِيدٌ ثِقَةٌ وَإِنْ كُنْتُ لَا أَدْرِي عَنْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ.\n\n١٤٩٦١ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَقُولَ: وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَتْ بِهَا عِلَّةٌ يَضُرُّهَا الْجِمَاعُ بِهَا. أَوْ بَدَأَ الْيَمِينَ وَلَيْسَ هَيْئَتُهَا الضِّرَارُ فَلَيْسَتْ بِإِيلَاءٍ وَلِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ وَجْهٌ حَسَنٌ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٤٩٦٢ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: هُوَ مُولٍ وَكُلُّ يَمِينٍ مَنَعَتِ الْجِمَاعَ فَهِيَ إِيلَاءٌ، وَنَصَّ عَلَى هَذَا فِي الْجَدِيدِ. وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ الْإِيلَاءَ مُطْلَقًا لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ غَضَبًا وَلَا رِضًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":111},{"text":"١٤٩٦٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِيَ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، يُرِيدُ قَولَهُ: «أَنَّ الْإِيلَاءَ فِي الرِّضَا وَالْغَضَبِ سَوَاءً».\n\n١٤٩٦٤ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ فِي الْمُولِي يَعُولُ امْرَأَةً كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ رَوَى هَذَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ","vol":"11","page":112},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1033>كِتَابُ الظِّهَارِ</span>","vol":"11","page":113},{"text":"١٤٩٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: \" سَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يُطَلِّقُونَ بِثَلَاثَةٍ: الظِّهَارِ، وَالْإِيلَاءِ، وَالطَّلَاقِ. فَأَقَرَّ اللَّهُ ﵎ الطَّلَاقَ طَلَاقًا، وَحَكَمَ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ بِأَنْ أَمْهَلَ ⦗١١٤⦘ الْمُولِي أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَفِيءَ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ، وَحَكَمَ فِي الظِّهَارِ بِالْكَفَّارَةِ، فَإِذَا تَظَاهَرَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ يُرِيدُ طَلَاقَهَا أَوْ يُرِيدُ تَحْرِيمَهَا بِلَا طَلَاقٍ فَلَا يَقَعُ بِهِ طَلَاقٌ بِحَالٍ وَهُوَ مُتَظَاهِرٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ تَكَلَّمَ بِالظِّهَارِ وَلَمْ يَنْوِ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ مُتَظَاهِرٌ، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ﴾ [المجادلة: ٣].\n\n١٤٩٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الَّذِي حَفِظْتُ مِمَّنْ سَمِعْتُ فِي ﴿يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا﴾ [المجادلة: ٣] أَنَّ الْمُتَظَاهِرَ حَرَّمَ مَسَّ امْرَأَتِهِ بِالظِّهَارِ، فَإِذَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ مُدَّةٌ بَعْدَ الْقَوْلِ بِالظِّهَارِ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا بِالطَّلَاقِ الَّذِي تُحَرَّمُ بِهِ، وَلَا شَيْءَ يَكُونُ لَهُ مَخْرَجٌ مِنْ أَنْ تُحَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِهِ، فَقَدْ ⦗١١٥⦘ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ، كَأَنَّهُمْ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَمْسَكَ مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ حَلَالٌ فَقَدْ عَادَ لِمَا قَالَ فَخَالَفَهُ فَأَحَلَّ مَا حَرَّمَ.\n\n١٤٩٦٧ - قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ لَهُ مَعْنًى أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْ هَذَا، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَعُدْ بِتَظَاهُرٍ آخَرَ فَلَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِمَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ","vol":"11","page":113},{"text":"١٤٩٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ جَمِيلَةَ، كَانَتْ تَحْتَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَكَانَ امْرَأً بِهِ لَمَمٌ، فَكَانَ إِذَا اشْتَدَّ لَمَمُهُ ظَاهَرَ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِيهِ كَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ.\n\n١٤٩٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاويَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: \" الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَسِعَ سَمْعُهُ الْأَصْوَاتَ، لَقَدْ جَاءَتِ الْمُجَادِلَةُ تَشْكُو إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُمَا فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ مَا أَسْمَعُ مَا تَقُولُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ [المجادلة: ١]\n⦗١١٦⦘ \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ: عَنْ تَمِيمٍ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n١٤٩٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ مَعْنٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتَ ثَعْلَبَةَ، وَزَوْجُهَا أَوْسُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ.\n\n١٤٩٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا﴾ [المجادلة: ٣]، وَقْتٌ لِأَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ مَا أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ فِيهَا قَبْلَ الْمَمَاسَّةِ، فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْمَمَاسَّةُ قَبْلَ كَفَّارَةٍ فَذَهَبَ الْوقْتُ لَمْ تَبْطُلِ الْكَفَّارَةُ وَلَمْ يُزَدْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا وَجَعَلَهَا قِيَاسًا عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ","vol":"11","page":115},{"text":"١٤٩٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعَدَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَقَدْ ظَاهَرَ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنَ امْرَأَتِي، فَوقَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ قَالَ: «وَمَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ؟» قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ خُلْخَالَهَا فِي ضَوءِ الْقَمَرِ قَالَ:  «فَلَا تَقْرَبْهَا حَتَّى تَفْعَلَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ».\n\n١٤٩٧٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ قَاضِي عَدَنَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"11","page":116},{"text":"١٤٩٧٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمُظَاهِرِ يُواقِعُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ قَالَ:  «كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ»","vol":"11","page":116},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1034>بَابُ عِتْقِ الْمُؤْمِنَةِ فِي الظِّهَارِ</span>","vol":"11","page":117},{"text":"١٤٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا﴾ [المجادلة: ٣].\n\n١٤٩٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ كَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ وَهُوَ وَاجِدٌ لِرَقَبَةٍ أَوْ ثَمَنِهَا لَمْ يُجْزِهِ فِيهَا إِلَّا تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ، وَلَا تُجْزِئُهُ رَقَبَةٌ عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَقُولُ فِي الْقَتْلِ ﴿فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾ [النساء: ٩٢] فَكَانَ شَرْطُ اللَّهِ فِي رَقَبَةِ الْقَتْلِ إِذَا كَانَتْ كَفَّارَةً كَالدَّلِيلِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُجْزِئَ رَقَبَةٌ فِي كَفَّارَةٍ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنَةً، كَمَا شَرَطَ اللَّهُ الْعَدْلَ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ فِي مَوضِعَيْنِ وَأَطْلَقَ الشُّهُودَ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ مَوَاضِعَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ شَهَادَةٌ كُلُّهَا اكْتَفَيْنَا بِشَرْطِ اللَّهِ فِيمَا شَرَطَ فِيهِ.\n\n١٤٩٧٧ - وَاسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ مَا أُطْلِقَ مِنَ الشَّهَادَاتِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَعْنَى مَا شُرِطَ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَمْوَالَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَا عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ.\n\n١٤٩٧٨ - قَالَ: وَأُحِبُّ لَهُ أَنْ لَا يُعْتِقَ إِلَّا بَالِغَةً مُؤْمِنَةً وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَعْجَمِيَّةً فَوَصَفَتِ الْإِسْلَامَ أَجْزَأَتْهُ \"","vol":"11","page":117},{"text":"١٤٩٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ جَارِيَةً لِي كَانَتْ تَرْعَى لِي غَنَمًا لِي، فَجِئْتُهَا وَفَقَدَتْ شَاةً مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْهَا، فَقَالَتْ: أَكَلَهَا الذِّئْبُ، فَأَسِفْتُ عَلَيْهَا وَكُنْتُ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ فَلَطَمْتُ وَجْهَهَا وَعَلَيَّ رَقَبَةٌ ⦗١١٨⦘ أَفَأُعْتِقُهَا؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَيْنَ اللَّهُ؟» فَقَالَتْ: فِي السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَنَا؟» فَقَالَتْ: أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: «فَأَعْتِقْهَا» قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَشْيَاءً كُنَّا نَصْنَعُهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كُنَّا نَأْتِي الْكُهَّانَ، فَقَالَ: النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا تَأْتُوا الْكُهَّانَ»، فَقَالَ: عُمَرُ: وَكُنَّا نَتَطَيَّرُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ يَجِدُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكُمْ».\n\n١٤٩٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: اسْمُ الرَّجُلِ مُعَاويَةُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ. وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَى الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ.\n\n١٤٩٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مُعَاويَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيِّ.\n\n١٤٩٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مُعَاويَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، بِقِصَّةِ الْكُهَّانِ وَالطِّيَرَةِ.\n\n١٤٩٨٣ - وَمَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ لَمْ يَضْبِطِ اسْمَهُ فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ\n\n١٤٩٨٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، عَنْ مُعَاويَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ\n\n١٤٩٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَفِيهِ بَيَانٌ أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ رَقَبَةٌ بِنَذْرٍ، أَوْ وَجَبَتْ بِغَيْرِ نَذْرٍ لَمْ يُجْزِئْهُ فِيهَا إِلَّا مُؤْمِنَةٌ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: عَلَيَّ رَقَبَةٌ، لَا يَذْكُرُ ⦗١١٩⦘ مُؤْمِنَةً فَسَأَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْجَارِيَةَ عَنْ صِفَةِ الْإِيمَانِ، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ تُجْزِئُهُ غَيْرُ مُؤْمِنَةٍ قَالَ: أَعْتِقْ أَيَّ رَقَبَةٍ شِئْتَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٤٩٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِجَارِيَةٍ لَهُ سَودَاءَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ عَلَيَّ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً أَفَأُعْتِقُ هَذِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَتَشْهَدِينَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «أَتَشْهَدِينَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «أَتُوقِنِينَ بِالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَعْتِقْهَا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٤٩٨٧ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَرُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"11","page":117},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1035>الْكَفَّارَةُ بِالصِّيَامِ ثُمَّ بِالطَّعَامِ</span>","vol":"11","page":120},{"text":"١٤٩٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ذَلِكُمْ تُوعَظُونَ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا﴾ [المجادلة: ٤].\n\n١٤٩٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمُتَظَاهِرُ رَقَبَةً يُعْتِقُهَا وَكَانَ يُطِيقُ الصِّيَامَ فَعَلَيْهِ الصَّومُ، وَلَمْ يُجْزِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَا شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ حِينَ يُرِيدُ الْكَفَّارَةَ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ بِصِيَامِ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ لِمَرَضٍ أَوْ عِلَّةٍ مَا كَانَتْ أَجْزَأَهُ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ وَلَا يُجْزِئُهُ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا كُلَّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدًّا مِنْ طَعَامِ بَلَدِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ ذَلِكَ \"","vol":"11","page":120},{"text":"١٤٩٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الرِّيَاحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوبَانَ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ سَلَمَةَ بْنَ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاصِيَّ، جَعَلَ امْرَأَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ إِنْ غَشِيَهَا حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ رَمَضَانُ، فَلَمَّا مَضَى النِّصْفُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سَمُنَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَتَرَبَّعَتْ فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ فَغَشِيَهَا لَيْلًا ثُمَّ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً»، فَقَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ قَالَ: «صُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ» قَالَ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ قَالَ: «أَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا» قَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ خَمْسَةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا أَوْ سِتَّةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، فَقَالَ: «تَصَدَّقْ بِهَذَا عَلَى سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا» ⦗١٢١⦘.\n١٤٩٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَرْبُ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ","vol":"11","page":120},{"text":"١٤٩٩٢ - وَرَوَاهُ شَيْبَانُ النَّحْوِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَاهُ مِكْتَلًا فِيهِ خَمْسَةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، فَقَالَ: «أَطْعِمْهُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، وَذَلِكَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ».\n\n١٤٩٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤَمِّلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ.\n\n١٤٩٩٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَهُ أَبَانُ الْعَطَّارُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، وَاخْتَلَفَا فِيهِ، عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، فَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: «انْطَلِقْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَلْيَدْفَعْهَا إِلَيْكَ فَأَطْعِمْ مِنْهَا وَسْقًا سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، وَاسْتَغْنِ بِسَائِرِهَا عَلَى عِيَالِكَ».\n\n١٤٩٩٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ وَكُلْ أَنْتَ وَعِيَالُكَ بَقِيَّتَهَا».\n\n١٤٩٩٦ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ. وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: «فَاذْهَبْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَلْيَدْفَعْ إِلَيْكَ وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَكُلْ أَنْتَ بَقِيَّتَهُ أَنْتَ وَعِيَالُكَ».\n\n١٤٩٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأُسْتَاذُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «اذْهَبْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَمُرْهُ فَلْيُعْطِكَ وَسْقًا مِنْهَا فَأَطْعِمْ مِنْهَا سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، وَكُلْ بَقِيَّتَهَا أَنْتَ وَعِيَالُكَ». وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ ⦗١٢٢⦘.\n\n١٤٩٩٨ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُطْعِمُ مِنَ الْوَسْقِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ثُمَّ يَأْكُلُ هُوَ وَعِيَالُهُ بَقِيَّةَ الْوَسْقِ، وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَحْفُوظًا.\n\n١٤٩٩٩ - فَقَدْ رَوَى بُكَيْرُ بْنُ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، هَذَا الْخَبَرَ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِتَمْرٍ، فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ وَهُوَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا قَالَ: «تَصَدَّقْ بِهَذَا» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلَى أَفْقَرَ مِنِّي وَمِنْ أَهْلِي؟ فَقَالَ: «كُلْهُ أَنْتَ وَأَهْلُكَ». وَهَذَا أَوْلَى لِمُوافَقَتِهِ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوبَانَ.\n\n١٥٠٠٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَوْسِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، فَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ فِيهِ، فَرُوِيَ فِيهِ خَمْسَةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، وَرُوِيَ مِكْتَلٌ يَسَعُ ثَلَاثِينَ صَاعًا، وَرُوِيَ سِتِّينَ صَاعًا","vol":"11","page":121},{"text":"١٥٠٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُجَامِعِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ: «أَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا» قَالَ: مَا أَجِدُ، فَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا قَالَ:  «خُذْهُ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ». وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبَّانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٠٠٢ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَقَالَ فِي ⦗١٢٣⦘ الْحَدِيثِ: فَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَرَقٍ، فَقَالَ: «خُذْهُ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ»، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَعَلَى غَيْرِ أَهْلِي؟ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا بَيْنَ طُنُبَيِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ: مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَحَدٌ أَحْوَجُ مِنِّي، فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَسْنَانُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «خُذْهُ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ رَبَّكَ»، وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ: فَأُتِيَ بِمِكْتَلٍ فِيهِ خَمْسَةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُقَاتِلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ إِلَى قَولِهِ: مَا بَيْنَ طُنُبَيِ الْمَدِينَةِ.\n\n١٥٠٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الْهِقْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ خَمْسَةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا.\n\n١٥٠٠٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ مَسْرُورُ بْنُ صَدَقَةَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ.\n\n١٥٠٠٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ دُحَيْمٌ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، مُدْرَجًا فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ.\n\n١٥٠٠٦ - وَالَّذِي عِنْدِي أَنَّ رَاوِيَ تَقْدِيرِ الْمِكْتَلِ بِخَمْسَةِ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ هُوَ الزُّهْرِيُّ، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مُدْرَجًا فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٥٠٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُوَاقِعِ قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ بِمِكْتَلٍ يَكُونُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ.\n\n١٥٠٠٨ - وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ بِالشَّكِّ فِي خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ عِشْرِينَ.\n\n١٥٠٠٩ - وَعَطَاءٌ لَيْسَ بِالْقَويِّ","vol":"11","page":122},{"text":"١٥٠١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ الْقَاضِي، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُرَادِيُّ، بِمِصْرَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" الْمَكَايِيلُ مُدٌّ وَصَاعٌ وَفَرْقٌ، فَالصَّاعُ: جِمَاعُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَمْدَادٍ، وَالْفَرْقُ: جِمَاعُ ثَلَاثَةِ آصُعٍ «.\n\n١٥٠١١ - وَالْكَفَّارَاتُ كُلُّهَا بِمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا فِي الْمُفْتَدِي مِنَ الْمُحْرِمِينَ فِي حِلَاقِ رَأْسِهِ خَاصَّةً فَإِنَّهُ يُطْعِمُ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ مُدَّيْنِ مُدَّيْنِ لِمَا جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ».\n\n١٥٠١٢ - وَالْفَرْقُ هُوَ الْقَدَحُ الَّذِي رَوَى سُفْيَانُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَغْسِلُ مِنْهُ.\n\n١٥٠١٣ - وَالْوَسَقُ: سِتُّونَ صَاعًا، وَالْخَمْسَةُ الْأَوْسُقِ الَّتِي قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ» ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ صَاعٍ.\n\n١٥٠١٤ - قَالَ: وَالنَّشُّ نِصْفُ وَقِيَّةٍ وَعِشْرُونَ دِرْهَمًا.\n\n١٥٠١٥ - وَالْوَقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا.\n\n١٥٠١٦ - قَالَ: وَمُدُّ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ هُوَ قَدْرُ نِصْفٍ بِمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَالِكٍ فِي الظِّهَارِ فِي إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا.\n\n١٥٠١٧ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: كُلُّ كَفَّارَةٍ تَجِبُ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَهُوَ مُدَّانِ بِمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٥٠١٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخَذُوا هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ فِي إِطْعَامِ سِتَّةِ مَسَاكِينَ مُدَّيْنِ مُدَّيْنِ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْأَذَى، فَقَاسُوا عَلَيْهِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ سِوَاهُ.\n\n١٥٠١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: لَا يُجْزِئُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ مُدَّيْنِ.\n\n١٥٠٢٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنْ قَاسَ عَلَى حَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، وَقَالَ عَلَى أَيِّ شَيْءٍ قِسْتَ؟ قُلْنَا: حَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ فِدْيَةٌ فِي الْحَجِّ، وَفِدْيَةُ الْحَجِّ لَا تَشْبِهُ مَا سِوَاهَا ⦗١٢٥⦘ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَاتِ، وَحَدِيثُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَفَّارَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَالْكَفَّارَةُ وَأَمْرُ النَّاسِ بِدَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ","vol":"11","page":124},{"text":"١٥٠٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُكَفِّرُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ بِإِطْعَامِ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ، لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ»","vol":"11","page":125},{"text":"١٥٠٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ:  «أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ إِذَا أَعْطَوْا كَفَّارَةَ الْيَمِينِ أَعْطَوْا مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ بِالْمُدِّ الْأَصْغَرِ، وَرَأَوْا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مُجْزِئٌ عَنْهُمْ».\n\n١٥٠٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُمَا.\n\n١٥٠٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ حِينَ أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ خَمْسَةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، فَقَالَ: «خُذْ هَذَا فَكَفِّرْ بِهِ»، وَقَدْ أَعْلَمَهُ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا فَهَذَا مَدٌّ مَدٌّ\n\n١٥٠٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي فِدْيَةِ الْأَذَى قَالَ: «ثَلَاثَةُ آصُعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ».\n\n١٥٠٢٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: «لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ».\n\n١٥٠٢٧ - وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتُ صَحِيحَةٌ فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَالَ جَمِيعَ ذَلِكَ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ نِصْفِ صَاعٍ مِنْ كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ الثَّلَاثَةِ فِي فِدْيَةِ الْأَذَى ⦗١٢٦⦘\n\n١٥٠٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَكَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ وَكُلُّ كَفَّارَةٍ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى أَحَدٍ بِمُدِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَهُوَ رُبْعُ صَاعٍ، وَالصَّاعُ خَمْسَةُ أَرْطَالٍ وَثُلُثٌ إِلَّا شَيْءٌ أَوْ شَيْءٌ قَلِيلٌ.\n\n١٥٠٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِمُدِّ مَنْ لَمْ يُولَدْ فِي عَهْدِهِ أَوْ بِمُدٍّ أُحْدِثَ بَعْدَ مُدِّهِ بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ؟ وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا لِأَنَّ عِنْدَ مَالِكٍ كَفَّارَةَ الظِّهَارِ وَحْدَهَا بِمُدِّ هِشَامٍ.\n\n١٥٠٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمُدُّ هِشَامٍ مُدٌّ وَثُلُثٌ أَوْ مَدٌّ وَنِصْفٌ، وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: مُدُّ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ هُوَ مُدٌّ وَنِصْفٌ بِمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٥٠٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: مَنْ شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مَذْهَبَ هِشَامٍ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْكَفَّارَاتِ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُولَدَ أَبُو هِشَامٍ؟ فَكَيْفَ تَرَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَفَّرُوا فِي زَمَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبَعْدَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُدُّ هِشَامٍ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"11","page":125},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1036>٢٥ - كِتَابُ اللِّعَانِ</span>","vol":"11","page":127},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1037>اللِّعَانُ</span>","vol":"11","page":129},{"text":"١٥٠٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً﴾ [النور: ٤] \" الْآيَةَ.\n\n١٥٠٣٣ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ فَشَهَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ أَرْبَعُ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ، وَالْخَامِسَةُ أَنَّ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ، وَيَدْرَأُ عَنْهَا الْعَذَابَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ، وَالْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾ ⦗١٣٠⦘.\n\n١٥٠٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَخْرَجَ الزَّوْجَ مِنْ قَذْفِ الْمَرْأَةِ بِشَهَادَتِهِ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لِمَنَ الصَّادِقِينَ، وَالْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ، كَمَا أَخْرَجَ قَاذِفَ الْمُحْصَنَةِ غَيْرِ الزَّوْجَةِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهُودٍ يَشْهَدُونَ عَلَيْهَا بِمَا قَذَفَهَا بِهِ مِنَ الزِّنَا، وَكَانَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ أَنْ لَيْسَ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ أَنْ يَلْتَعِنَ حَتَّى تَطْلُبَ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمَقْذُوفَةُ حَدَّهَا، كَمَا لَيْسَ عَلَى قَاذِفِ الْأَجْنَبِيَّةِ حَدٌّ حَتَّى تَطْلُبَ حَدَّهَا.\n\n١٥٠٣٥ - قَالَ: وَلَمَّا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى اللِّعَانَ عَلَى الْأَزْوَاجِ مُطْلَقًا كَانَ اللِّعَانُ عَلَى كُلِّ زَوْجٍ جَازَ طَلَاقُهُ وَلَزِمَهُ الْفَرْضُ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَلَى كُلِّ زَوْجَةٍ لَزِمَهَا الْفَرْضُ","vol":"11","page":129},{"text":"١٥٠٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: لَا تَلَاعُنَ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَا حُرَّيْنِ مُسْلِمَيْنِ، لَيْسَا بِمَحْدُودَيْنِ فِي قَذْفٍ وَلَا وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، وَقَالُوا: رُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ حَدِيثًا فَاتَّبَعْنَاهُ، قُلْنَا: وَمَا الْحَدِيثُ؟ قَالُوا: رَوَى عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أَرْبَعٌ لَا لِعَانَ بَيْنَهُنَّ وَبَيْنَ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ: الْيَهُودِيَّةُ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةُ تَحْتَ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَالْحُرَّةُ تَحْتَ الْعَبْدِ وَالْأَمَةُ عِنْدَ الْحُرِّ، وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةُ عِنْدَ النَّصْرَانِيِّ \".\n\n١٥٠٣٧ - فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ: رَوَيْتُمْ هَذَا عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ وَرَجُلٍ غَلِطٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَاللَّذَانِ رَوَيَاهُ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالْآخَرُ يَقِفُهُ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَهُوَ لَا يَثْبُتُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَلَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَلَا يُبْلِغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ غَلِطٌ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ شُعَيْبٍ قَدْ رَوَى لَنَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَحْكَامًا تُوافِقُ أَقَاوِيلَنَا وَتُخَالِفُ أَقَاوِيلَكُمْ يَرْوِيهَا عَنْهُ الثِّقَاتُ فَنَسْنِدُهَا ⦗١٣١⦘ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَرَدَدْتُمُوهَا عَلَيْنَا، وَرَدَدْتُمْ رِوَايَتَهُ وَنَسَبْتُمُوهُ إِلَى الْغَلَطِ فَأَنْتُمْ مَحْجُوجُونَ إِنْ كَانَ مِمَّنْ ثَبَتَ حَدِيثُهُ بِأَحَادِيثِهِ الَّتِي وَافَقْنَاهَا وَخَالَفْتُمُوهَا فِي نَحْوٍ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ حُكْمًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، خَالَفْتُمْ أَكْثَرَهَا فَأَنْتُمْ غَيْرُ مُنْصِفِينَ إِنِ احْتَجَجْتُمْ بِرِوَايَتِهِ وَهُوَ مِمَّنْ لَا نُثْبِتُ رِوَايَتَهُ، ثُمَّ احْتَجَجْتُمْ مِنْهَا بِمَا لَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا عَنْهُ، وَهُوَ مِمَّنْ يُثْبِتُ حَدِيثُهُ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ لِأَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو.\n\n١٥٠٣٨ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ فَقَالَ: قِيلَ لَهُ: لِمَ تَرَكْتَ ظَاهَرَ الْقُرْآنِ؟ قَالَ: بِالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا عَلَى خَاصٍّ، قُلْنَا: وَمَا الدَّلَالَةُ؟ فَذَكَرَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ وَرَجُلٍ مَعْرُوفٍ بِالْغَلَطِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَرْبَعٌ لَا لِعَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ»، فَذَكَرَ الْأَمَةَ وَالْعَبْدَ وَالْمُشْرِكَ وَالْمُشْرِكَةَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَلَسْنَا لَا نَخْتَلِفُ نَحْنُ وَلَا أَنْتَ فِي أَنَّ الْمَجْهُولَ وَالْغَلِطَ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِهِمَا؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قِيلَ: فَكَيْفَ احْتَجَجْتَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو بِرِوَايَتِهِمَا؟ قَالَ: هُوَ عِنْدِي مَعْرُوفٌ، قِيلَ: رَأَيْنَا بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَاحِيَتِكَ يَقُولُ فِيهِ مَا قُلْنَا.\n\n١٥٠٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقِيلَ لَهُ قَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَأُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الثِّقَةِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَعَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَحْكَامًا فِيهَا الْيَمِينُ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ وَرَدُّ الْيَمِينِ، وَأَنَّ دِيَةَ الْكَافِرِ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَاللُّقَطَةُ وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا نَقُولُ بِهِ وَتَتْرُكُهُ فَإِذَا احْتَجَجْنَا عَلَيْكَ بِحَدِيثِهِ ضَعَّفْتَهُ وَقُلْتَ: رِوَايَةُ عَمْرٍو صَحِيفَةٌ، وَرَوَى مَا لَا نَعْرِفُ، وَالنَّاسُ يَتَّقُونَ حَدِيثَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ كَمَا قُلْتَ فَلَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تَحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ ثِقَةً فَلَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تُخَالِفَ مَا رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَمْرٌو لَا مُعَارِضَ لَهُ بِخِلَافِهِ وَأَنْتَ تُخَالِفُهُ وَتُضَعِّفُهُ فَلَسْتَ تَسْلَمُ مِنَ الْخَطَأِ فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ.\n\n١٥٠٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ بُزَيْغٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗١٣٢⦘: «أَرْبَعٌ لَا مُلَاعَنَةَ بَيْنَهُمُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ تَحْتَ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَالْيَهُودِيَّةُ تَحْتَ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَالْمَمْلُوكَةُ تَحْتَ الْحُرِّ، وَالْحُرَّةُ تَحْتَ الْمَمْلُوكِ».\n\n١٥٠٤١ - وَعَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ مَعْرُوفٌ بِكَثْرَةِ الْغَلَطِ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ.\n\n١٥٠٤٢ - وَابْنُهُ عُثْمَانُ ضَعِيفُ الْحَدِيثِ جِدًّا. قَالَهُ الدَّارُقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ حُفَّاظِ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١٥٠٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ الْوَقَّاصِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ، ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ.\n\n١٥٠٤٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَمَّارٌ، وَعَمَّارُ بْنُ مَطَرٍ، وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ رُفَيْعٍ ضُعَفَاءٌ. قَالَهُ الدَّارُقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْهُ وَقَالَهُ أَيْضًا غَيْرُهُ.\n\n١٥٠٤٥ - قَالَ الدَّارُقُطْنِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَهُمَا إِمَامَانِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَولَهُ لَمْ يَرْفَعَاهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗١٣٣⦘.\n\n١٥٠٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي ثُبُوتِهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مَوْقُوفًا أَيْضًا نَظَرٌ، وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ عُمَرُ بْنُ هَارُونَ وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَويِّ.\n\n١٥٠٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، مَوْقُوفًا، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَنَحْنُ نَحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَاتِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاوِي عَنْهُ ثِقَةً وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّا يُؤَكِّدُ وَلَمْ نَجِدْ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ طَرِيقًا صَحِيحًا إِلَى عُمَرَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٥٠٤٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْأَيْلِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ وَهُوَ بِذَلِكَ الْإِسْنَادِ بَاطِلٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَصْلٌ","vol":"11","page":130},{"text":"١٥٠٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ هِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ لَمَّا قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: وَاللَّهِ لَيَجْلِدَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبَنِي ثَمَانِينَ ضَرْبَةً، وَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ حَتَّى اسْتَوْثَقْتُ، وَسَمِعْتُ حَتَّى اسْتَثْبَتُّ، لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يَضْرِبُنِي أَبَدًا، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ، فَدَعَا بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ، فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ، فَهَلْ مِنْكُمَا تَائِبٌ؟»، فَقَالَ هِلَالٌ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَصَادِقٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «احْلِفْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِنِّي لَصَادِقٌ»، يَقُولُ: ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَإِنْ كُنْتُ كَاذِبًا فَعَلَيَّ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قِفُوهُ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ، فَإِنَّهَا مُوجِبَةٌ» فَحَلَفَ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: أَرْبَعًا، وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ فَإِنْ كَانْ صَادِقًا فَعَلَيْهَا غَضَبُ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قِفُوهَا عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ، فَإِنَّهَا مُوجِبَةٌ» فَتَرَدَّدَتْ وَهَمَّتْ بِالِاعْتِرَافِ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: لَا أَفْضَحُ قَومِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَكْحَلَ أَدْعَجَ سَابِغَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ، أَلَفَّ الْفَخِذَيْنِ، خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ، فَهُوَ لِلَّذِي ⦗١٣٤⦘ رُمِيتَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَصْفَرَ قَضِيفًا سَبِطًا فَهُوَ لِهِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ» فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى صِفَةِ الْبَغِيِّ \".\nأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْفَحَّامُ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n١٥٠٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: «لَوْلَا الْأَيْمَانُ لَكَانَ لِي وَلَهَا شَأْنٌ».\n\n١٥٠٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَوَاءٌ قَالَ الزَّوْجُ: رَأَيْتُهَا تَزْنِي، أَوْ قَالَ: زَنَتْ، أَوْ قَالَ: يَا زَانِيَةُ، كَمَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ سَوَاءً إِذَا قَذَفَ أَجْنَبِيَّةً","vol":"11","page":133},{"text":"١٥٠٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: \" الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: يَا زَانِيَةُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَمْ أَرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا، أَوْ عَنْ غَيْرِ حَمْلٍ؟ قَالَ: يُلَاعِنُهَا \" ⦗١٣٥⦘.\n\n١٥٠٥٣ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: لِعَانَ الْأَخْرَسِ بِالْإِشَارَةِ إِذَا كَانَ يُفْقَهُ عَنْهُ","vol":"11","page":134},{"text":"١٥٠٥٤ - وَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّ أُمَامَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، أُصْمِتَتْ، فَقِيلَ لَهَا» لِفُلَانٍ كَذَا وَلِفُلَانٍ كَذَا، وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَفُلَانٌ حُرٌّ، فَأَشَارَتْ أَنْ نَعَمْ، فَرَفَعَ ذَلِكَ قَرِيبَ وَصِيَّةٍ \"","vol":"11","page":135},{"text":"١٥٠٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَإِذَا نَفَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْوَلَدِ وَجْهَ الْفِرَاشِ فَإِنَّ الْوَلَدَ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُنْفَى أَوْ فِي مِثْلِ حَالِهِ قَبْلَ النَّفْيِ»","vol":"11","page":135},{"text":"١٥٠٥٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «إِذَا جَامَعَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ قَذَفَهَا حُدَّ».\n\n١٥٠٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِنْ كَانَ وَلَدٌ يَنْفِيهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْفِي الْوَلَدَ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفَى الْوَلَدَ بَعْدَ الْفُرْقَةِ بِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَبْلَهَا، وَهُوَ بَعْدَ مَا وَضَعَتْهُ وَبَعْدَ الْفُرْقَةِ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ»","vol":"11","page":135},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1038>أَيْنَ يَكُونُ اللِّعَانُ</span>","vol":"11","page":136},{"text":"١٥٠٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَاعَنَ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَإِذَا لَاعَنَ الْحَاكِمُ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ بِمَكَّةَ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيْنَ الْمَقَامِ وَالْبَيْتِ، وَإِذَا لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، وَإِذَا لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي مَسْجِدِهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ يُلَاعَنُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ زَوْجَيْنِ فِي مَسْجِدِ كُلِّ بَلَدٍ.\n\n١٥٠٥٩ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُويْطِيِّ وَفِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا هَذَا قِيَاسًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ عَلَى مَا جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَى بَعْدَهُ فِي الْيَمِينِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ.\n\n١٥٠٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هَاشِمِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نِسْطَاسٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِي هَذَا بِيَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ تَبَوَّأَ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ» ⦗١٣٧⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٠٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ الزَّوْجَ وَالْمَرْأَةَ فَحَلَفَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ\n\n١٥٠٦٢ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَإِنَّمَا رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ جِهَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْوَاقِدِيِّ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَ عُويْمِرٍ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ وَامْرَأَتِهِ، وَأَنْكَرَ حَمْلَهَا الَّذِي فِي بَطْنِهَا وَقَالَ: هُوَ مِنَ ابْنِ السَّحْمَاءِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَاتِ امْرَأَتَكَ فَقَدْ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِيكُمَا»، فَلَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ عَلَى حَمْلٍ\n\n١٥٠٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْبَدُ بْنُ مُحَرَّرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"11","page":136},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1039>بَابُ سُنَّةِ اللِّعَانِ وَنَفْيِ الْوَلَدِ وَإلْحَاقِهِ بِالْأُمِّ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ</span>","vol":"11","page":138},{"text":"١٥٠٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ عُويْمِرًا الْعَجْلَانِيَّ جَاءَ إِلَى، عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ يَا عَاصِمُ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَيَقْتُلُونَهُ؟ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُويْمِرٌ فَقَالَ: يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ: \" لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ، قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ عُويْمِرٌ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا، فَأَقْبَلَ عُويْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ؟ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ، فَاذْهَبْ فَائْتِ بِهَا»، فَقَالَ سَهْلٌ: فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ عُويْمِرٌ: كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا، فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: «فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ» ⦗١٣٩⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ وَغَيْرِهِ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ مَالِكِ","vol":"11","page":138},{"text":"١٥٠٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ عُويْمِرٌ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ، إِلَى عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ فَقَالَ: يَا عَاصِمُ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا يَقْتُلُهُ أَيُقْتَلُ بِهِ؟ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَعَابَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَقِيَهُ عُويْمِرٌ، فَقَالَ: مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قَالَ: مَا صَنَعْتُ إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ، سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَعَابَ الْمَسَائِلَ فَقَالَ: عُويْمِرٌ: وَاللَّهِ لَآتِيَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَأَسْأَلَنَّهُ، فَأَتَاهُ فَوجَدَهُ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِمَا، فَدَعَاهُمَا، فَلَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ عُويْمِرٌ: لَئِنِ انْطَلَقْتُ بِهَا لَقَدْ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا، فَفَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «انْظُرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَدْعَجَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ عَظِيمَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ، وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَمَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا كَذَّابًا»، فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَصَارَتْ سُنَّةً فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ","vol":"11","page":139},{"text":"١٥٠٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ عُويْمِرًا جَاءَ إِلَى عَاصِمٍ، فَقَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا ⦗١٤٠⦘ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَيَقْتُلُهُ أَيُقْتَلُ بِهِ؟ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا، فَرَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى عُويْمِرٍ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا فَقَالَ عُويْمِرٌ: وَاللَّهِ لَآتِيَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَاءَهُ وَقَدْ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ خِلَافَ عَاصِمٍ، فَسَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «قَدْ نَزَلَ فِيكُمَا الْقُرْآنُ فَتَقَدَّمَا فَتَلَاعَنَا» ثُمَّ قَالَ: كَذَبْتَ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا أَمْسَكْتَهَا. فَفَارَقَهَا وَمَا أَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَمَضَتْ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «انْظُرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ قَصِيرًا كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ، فَلَا أَحْسَبُهُ إِلَّا قَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا، وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَعْيَنَ ذَا أَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلَا أَحْسَبُهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا». فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ.\n\n١٥٠٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُشَيْقِرَ» وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «أَشْقَرَ سَبِطًا فَهُوَ لِزَوْجِهَا، وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُدَيْعِجَ جَعْدًا فَهُوَ لِلَّذِي يَتَّهِمُهُ» قَالَ: فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ أُدَيْعِجَ","vol":"11","page":139},{"text":"١٥٠٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَخِي بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ؟ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي شَأْنِهِ مَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ⦗١٤١⦘ فِي أَمْرِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «قَدْ قُضِيَ فِيكَ وَفِي امْرَأَتِكَ» قَالَ: فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ، ثُمَّ فَارَقَهَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَكَانَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدَهُمَا أَنْ يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَأَنْكَرَهُ فَكَانَ ابْنُهَا يُدْعَى إِلَى أُمِّهِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَتَمَّ مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"11","page":140},{"text":"١٥٠٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يُحَدِّثُ بِحَدِيثِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ شَدَّادٍ: أَهِيَ الَّتِي قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لَوْ كُنْتَ رَاجِمًا أَحَدًا بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ رَجَمْتُهَا»؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَا تِلْكَ امْرَأَةٌ كَانَتْ قَدْ أَعْلَنَتْ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"11","page":141},{"text":"١٥٠٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِلْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ: «حِسَابُكُمَا عَلَى اللَّهِ، أَحَدُكُمَا كَاذِبٌ، لَا سَبِيلَ لَكَ عَلَيْهَا» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَالِي؟ قَالَ: «لَا مَالَ لَكَ، إِنْ كُنْتَ صَدَقْتَ عَلَيْهَا فَهُوَ بِمَا اسْتَحْلَلْتَ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا، وَإِنَّ كُنْتَ كَذَبْتَ عَلَيْهَا فَذَلِكَ أَبْعَدُ لَكَ مِنْهَا أَوْ مِنْهُ» ⦗١٤٢⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"11","page":141},{"text":"١٥٠٧١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ: فَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْ بَنِي الْعَجْلَانِ، وَقَالَ: هَكَذَا بِإِصْبَعَيْهِ الْمُسَبِّحَةِ وَالْوُسْطَى، فَقَرَنَهُمَا الْوُسْطَى وَالَّتِي تَلِيهَا، يَعْنِي الْمُسَبِّحَةَ، وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ، فَهَلْ مِنْكُمَا تَائِبٌ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"11","page":142},{"text":"١٥٠٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي زَمَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَانْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا، فَفَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ» ⦗١٤٣⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٥٠٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: «فَكَانَتْ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ»، وَفِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، كَأَنَّهُ قَوْلُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ هَذَا غَيْرُ مُخْتَلِفٍ يَقُولُهُ مَرَّةً ابْنُ شِهَابٍ وَلَا يَذْكُرُ سَهْلًا، وَيَقُولُهُ أُخْرَى وَيَذْكُرُ سَهْلًا، وَوَافَقَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ فِيمَا زَادَ فِي آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٥٠٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ زَادَ أَيْضًا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْهُ، وَزَادَهُ أَيْضًا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ.\n\n١٥٠٧٥ - وَرَوَى يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ عُوَيْمِرًا الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، مِنْ بَنِي الْعَجْلَانَ، أَتَى عَاصِمَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْو مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا مِنْ تَلَاعُنِهِمَا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا، فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ فِرَاقُهُ إِيَّاهَا بَعْدُ سُنَّةً فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ.\n\n١٥٠٧٦ - قَالَ سَهْلٌ: وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا، وَكَانَ ابْنُهَا يُدْعَى إِلَى أُمِّهِ، ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّهُ يَرِثُهَا وَتَرِثُ مِنْهُ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهَا. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ التَّاجِرُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ ⦗١٤٤⦘.\n\n١٥٠٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَحْتَمِلُ طَلَاقُهُ ثَلَاثًا أَنْ يَكُونَ بِمَا وَجَدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ لِعِلْمِهِ بِصِدْقِهِ وَكَذِبِهَا وَجُرْأَتِهَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا جَاهِلًا بِأَنَّ اللِّعَانَ فُرْقَةٌ، فَكَانَ كَمَنْ طَلَّقَ مَنْ طُلِّقَ عَلَيْهِ بِغَيْرِ طَلَاقِهِ، وَكَمَنْ شَرَطَ الْعُهْدَةَ فِي الْبَيْعِ، وَالضَّمَانَ فِي السَّلَفِ، وَهُوَ يَلْزَمُهَا شَرَطَ أَوْ لَمْ يَشْرُطْ.\n\n١٥٠٧٨ - قَالَ: وَزَادَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «أَنَّهُ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، وَتَفْرِيقُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ غَيْرُ فُرْقَةِ الزَّوْجِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ تَفْرِيقُ حُكْمٍ».\n\n١٥٠٧٩ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرَ مِنَ الِاحْتِمَالِ بِقَوْلِ سَهْلٍ وَابْنِ شِهَابٍ وَهُمَا حَمَلَاهُ، فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ الْفُرْقَةَ","vol":"11","page":142},{"text":"١٥٠٨٠ - وَالَّذِي يُؤَكِّدُ قَوْلَ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِي ذَلِكَ، مَا رَوَى عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ هِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَلِعَانِهِ قَالَ: «وَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ لَا تُرْمَى وَلَا يُرْمَى وَلَدُهَا، وَمَنْ رَمَاهَا أَوْ رَمَى وَلَدَهَا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ، وَلَيْسَ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ قُوتٌ وَلَا سُكْنَى مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمَا يَتَفَرَّقَانِ بِغَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ، وَلَا مُتَوفَّى عَنْهَا». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٠٨١ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، بَعْضَهُ إِجَازَةً وَبَعْضَهُ قِرَاءَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَفِي حُكْمِ اللِّعَانِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ثُمَّ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَلَائِلُ وَاضِحَةٌ، مِنْهَا أَنَّ عُوَيْمِرًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَكَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عُوَيْمِرًا لَمْ يُخْبِرْهُ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ كَانَتْ","vol":"11","page":144},{"text":"١٥٠٨٢ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَعْظَمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ جُرْمًا مَنْ سَأَلَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ، فَحُرِّمَ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَسْأَلَتِهِ» قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٥٠٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِالْإِسْنَادَيْنِ جَمِيعًا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَاهُمَا. وَحَدِيثُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ مِمَّا قَرَأْنَاهُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظِ.\n\n١٥٠٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿لَا تَسْأَلُوا عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ إِنْ تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠١] الْآيَةَ.\n\n١٥٠٨٥ - فَكَانَتِ الْمَسَائِلُ فِيمَا لَمْ يَنْزِلْ، إِذْ كَانَ الْوحْيُ يَنْزِلُ مَكْرُوهَةً لِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُرِّمَ أَبَدًا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَنْسَخَ اللَّهُ تَحْرِيمَهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، أَوْ يُنْسَخَ عَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُنَّةً بِسُنَّةٍ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ مَا حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَرَامٌ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ إِلَى يَومِ الْقِيَامَةِ.\n\n١٥٠٨٦ - وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ وَرَدَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ وَكَانَتْ حُكْمًا وَقَفَ عَنْ جَوَابِهَا حَتَّى أَتَاهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْحُكْمُ فِيهَا، فَقَالَ لِعُويْمِرٍ: «قَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ»، فَلَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي اللِّعَانِ ثُمَّ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا ⦗١٤٦⦘، وَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ، وَنفَاهُ عَنِ الْأَبِ وَقَالَ: «لَا سَبِيلَ لَكَ عَلَيْهَا»، وَلَمْ يَرْدُدِ الصَّدَاقَ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ، فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ أَحْكَامًا وَجَبَتْ بِاللِّعَّانِ.\n\n١٥٠٨٧ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَجُوهَ سُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ نَقَلْنَاهَا فِي الْأُصُولِ.\n\n١٥٠٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمَّا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ: «حِسَابُكُمَا عَلَى اللَّهِ، أَحَدُكُمَا كَاذِبٌ»، دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَحْكُمُ عَلَى مَا ظَهْرَ لَهُ وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّ مَا غَابَ عَنْهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذِهِ الْفُصُولِ، وَهِيَ بِبَسْطِهِ مَنْقُولَةٌ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ","vol":"11","page":145},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1040>الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ مَا لَمْ يَنْفِهِ رَبُّ الْفِرَاشِ بِاللِّعَانِ</span>","vol":"11","page":147},{"text":"١٥٠٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ⦗١٤٨⦘، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَوْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: الشَّكُّ مِنْ سُفْيَانَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ». أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"11","page":147},{"text":"١٥٠٩٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ بْنَ زَمْعَةَ، وَسَعْدًا، اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوْصَانِي أَخِي إِذَا قَدِمْتَ مَكَّةَ أَنِ انْظُرْ إِلَى ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَاَقْبِضْهُ فَإِنَّهُ ابْنِي، فَقَالَ: عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ: أَخِي وَابْنُ أَمَةِ أَبِي وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ أَبِي، فَرَأَى شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بِعُتْبَةَ، فَقَالَ: «هُوَ لَكَ يَا عَبْدُ بْنَ زَمْعَةَ، الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٥٠٩١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ كَانَ يَسْكُنُ دَارَنَا، فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ وِلَادٍ مِنْ وِلَادِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا الْفِرَاشُ فَلِفُلَانٍ، وَأَمَّا النُّطْفَةُ فَلِفُلَانٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: صَدَقْتَ، وَلَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْفِرَاشِ ⦗١٤٩⦘.\n\n١٥٠٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَلَيْسَ يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثُ نَفْيِ الْوَلَدِ عَلَى مَنْ وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ» وَقَوْلُهُ: «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ» مَعْنَيَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا وَهُوَ أَعَمُّهُمَا وَأَوْلَاهُمَا: أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لِلْفِرَاشِ مَا لَمْ يَنْفِهِ رَبُّ الْفِرَاشِ بِاللِّعَّانِ الَّذِي نَفَاهُ بِهِ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْفِي عَنْهُ وَغَيْرُ لَاحِقٍ بِمَنِ ادَّعَاهُ بِزِنًا وَإِنْ أَشْبَهَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ، وَالْمَعْنَى الثَّانِي: إِذَا تَنَازَعَ الْوَلَدَ رَبُّ الْفِرَاشِ وَالْعَاهِرُ، فَالْوَلَدُ لِرَبِّ الْفِرَاشِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"11","page":148},{"text":"١٥٠٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْمَقْبُرِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ الْقُرَظِيَّ يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: الْمَقْبُرِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ:  «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ أَدْخَلَتْ عَلَى قَومٍ مَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ فَلَيْسَتْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَيْءٍ، وَلَنْ يُدْخِلَهَا اللَّهُ جَنَّتَهُ، وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ جَحَدَ وَلَدَهُ وَهُوَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ احْتَجَبَ مِنْهُ وَفَضَحَهُ بِهِ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْخَلَائِقِ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخَرِينَ»","vol":"11","page":149},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1041>بَابُ كَيْفَ اللِّعَانُ</span>؟\n١٥٠٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَلَمَّا حَكَى سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ شُهُودَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ مَعَ حَدَاثَتِهِ، وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، اسْتَدْلَلْنَا أَنَّ اللِّعَانَ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا بِمَحْضَرٍ مِنْ طَائِفَةٍ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ","vol":"11","page":150},{"text":"١٥٠٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَهْلٍ قَالَ:  «شَهِدْتُ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ».\n\n١٥٠٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ فَلَمْ يُتْقِنْهُ إِتْقَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ، يُرِيدُ مَا مَضَى مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرِهِ.\n\n١٥٠٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرِهِ: «وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ: «فَتَلَاعَنَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ»، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ: «فَأَمَرَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمُلَاعَنَةِ بِمَا سَمَّى اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ»، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: «فَتَلَاعَنَا كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿».\n\n١٥٠٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهَا وَلَدٌ فَنَفَاهُ، أَوْ بِهَا حَمْلٌ فَانْتَفَى مِنْهُ قَالَ مَعَ كُلِّ شَهَادَةٍ «أَشْهَدُ بِاللَّهِ أَنِّي لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ فِيمَا رَمَيْتُهَا بِهَا مِنَ الزِّنَا، وَأَنَّ هَذَا الْوَلَدَ لَوَلَدُ زِنًا، مَا هُوَ مِنِّي»، وَإِنْ كَانَ حَمْلًا قَالَ: «وَأَنَّ هَذَا الْحَمْلَ إِنْ كَانَ بِهَا حَمْلٌ لَحَمْلٌ مِنَ الزِّنَا مَا هُوَ مِنِّي» ⦗١٥٢⦘ وَهَذَا فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ.\n\n١٥٠٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: لَا يُلَاعَنُ بِالْحَمْلِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ رِيحٌ.\n\n١٥١٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَمَدَ إِلَى الْقَضِيَّةِ الَّتِي قَضَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي اللِّعَانِ الَّتِي بِهَا احْتَجَجْنَا وَاحْتَجَّ فَأَبْطَلَ بَعْضَهَا وَزَعَمَ أَنْ لَا يَنْفِي الْوَلَدَ بَعْدَ الْوِلَادَةِ، يَعْنِي إِذَا لَاعَنَ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ، وَاعْتَلَّ بِأَنَّهُ وُلِدَ بَعْدَ مَا صَارَتْ غَيْرَ زَوْجَةٍ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا الْقَذْفُ وَهِيَ زَوْجَةٌ، وَالنَّفْيُ بِالْقَذْفِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَقَدْ نَفَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٥١٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ فِي وَقُوعِ اللِّعَانِ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ وَهُوَ مُذَّكِّرٌ لِلْحَمْلِ ثُمَّ نَفَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ الْوَلَدَ عَنْهُ بَعْدَ مَا وَلَدَتْهُ، وَإِلْحَاقُهُ بِالْأُمِّ أَبْيَنُ مِنْ أَنْ يُمَكِّنَ التَّلْبِيسَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْمَقْصُودُ مِنْهُ نَفْيَ الْحَمْلِ بِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ اللِّعَانُ بِالْحَمْلِ لَكَانَ مَنْفِيًّا مِنَ الزَّوْجِ غَيْرَ لَاحِقٍ بِهِ، أَشْبَهَهُ أَوْ لَمْ يُشْبِهْهُ\n\n١٥١٠٢ - وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّ مَقْصُودَ الزَّوْجِ مِنْ قَذْفِهَا كَانَ نَفْيَ الْحَمْلِ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ سَهْلًا قَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ فُلَيْحِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْهُ: «وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَأَنْكَرَ حَمْلَهَا، فَكَانَ ابْنُهَا يُدْعَى إِلَيْهَا ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا وَتَرِثَ مِنْهُ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيْحٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ","vol":"11","page":151},{"text":"١٥١٠٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَولَا تَرَاهُ يُنْكِرُ حَمْلَهَا لِطُولِ عَهْدِهِ بِهَا فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَيَقُولُ مَا ⦗١٥٣⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَالِي عَهْدٌ بِأَهْلِي مُنْذُ عِفَارِ النَّخْلِ قَالَ: وَعِفَارُهَا أَنَّهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ تُؤَبَّرُ تُعَفَّرُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَومًا لَا تُسْقَى بَعْدَ الْإِبَارِ قَالَ: فَوجَدْتُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِي رَجُلًا قَالَ: وَكَانَ زَوْجُهَا مُصْفَرًّا حَمْشَ السَّاقِ سَبِطَ الشَّعْرِ، وَالَّذِي رُمِيَتْ بِهِ خَدْلًا إِلَى السَّوَادِ، جَعْدًا قَطَطًا مُسْتَهًا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ» ثُمَّ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَجَاءَتْ بِرَجُلٍ يُشْبِهُ الَّذِي رُمِيَتْ بِهِ\n\n١٥١٠٤ - كَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قِصَّةَ طُولِ عَهْدِهِ بِأَهْلِهِ وَلَمْ يُتْقِنْ تَرْتِيبَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَتَرْتِيبُهُ عَلَى مَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ.\n\n١٥١٠٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ وَامْرَأَتِهِ وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ: «وَكَانَ الَّذِي رُمِيَتْ بِهِ ابْنُ السَّحْمَاءِ، فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ بِغُلَامٍ أَسْوَدَ أَكْحَلَ جَعْدًا عَبْلَ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ خَدْلَ السَّاقَيْنِ» ⦗١٥٤⦘.\n\n١٥١٠٦ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، دَلِيلٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ تَرْتِيبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ. فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَسَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ فِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ: «اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ، فَهَلْ مِنْكُمَا مِنْ تَائِبٍ» فَلَمَّا تَلَاعَنَا حُكِمَ عَلَى الصَّادِقِ وَالْكَاذِبِ حُكْمًا وَاحِدًا فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِنَ الْحَدِّ وَقَالَ: «إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ كَذَا فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ» فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «لَوْلَا مَا مَضَى مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لَكَانَ لِي وَلَهَا شَأْنٌ».\n\n١٥١٠٧ - فَأَخْبَرَ بِصِفَتَيْنِ فِي إِحْدَاهُمَا دَلَالَةُ صِدْقِ الزَّوْجِ، وَفِي الْأُخْرَى دَلَالَةُ كَذِبِهِ، فَجَاءَتْ دَلَالَةُ صِدْقِ الزَّوْجِ فَلَمْ يَسْتَعْمِلْ عَلَيْهَا الدَّلَالَةَ، وَأَنْفَذَ عَلَيْهَا ظَاهِرَ حُكْمِ اللَّهِ، وَلَوْ جَاءَتْ دَلَالَةُ كَذِبِ الزَّوْجِ لَكَانَ لَا يَسْتَعْمِلُ الدَّلَالَةَ أَيْضًا وَيُنْفِذُ ظَاهِرَ حُكْمِ اللَّهِ، لَكِنَّهُ ﷺ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ذَكَرَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَشْيَاءَ الدَّالَّةَ عَلَى صِدْقِ أَحَدِهِمَا حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ حُجَّةٌ أَقْوَى مِنْهَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهَا فِي إِلْحَاقِ الْوَلَدِ بِأَحَدِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ عِنْدَ الِاشْتِبَاهِ، وَأَخْبَرَ بِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا مَنَعَهُ مِنَ اسْتِعْمَالِهَا هَا هُنَا مَا هُوَ أَقْوَى مِنْهَا، وَهُوَ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ بِاللِّعَّانِ لَا أَنَّهَا لَوْ أَتَتْ بِهِ عَلَى الصِّفَةِ الْأُولَى كَانَ يُلْحِقُهُ بِالزَّوْجِ.\n\n١٥١٠٨ - وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ لِمَنْ يُسَوِّي الْأَخْبَارَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ وَهُوَ ذَا لَا يَسْتَوِي أَنْ يَسْتَدِلَّ بِهَذَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَقْصُودُ الزَّوْجِ نَفْيَ الْحَمْلِ، وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ حَامِلًا وَأَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ حَمْلَهَا وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَبْلَ وَضْعِ الْحَمْلِ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا وَضَعَتْ أَلْحَقَهُ بِأُمِّهِ فَنَفَاهُ عَنْهُ، وَالْوَلَدُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا مُلْحَقٌ بِهِ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ أَشْبَهَهُ أَوْ لَمْ يُشْبِهْهُ، نَحْنُ لَا نَرَى خِلَافًا لِلْحَدِيثِ أَبْيَنَ مِنْ هَذَا وَتَلْبِيسًا مِنْ هَذَا وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ","vol":"11","page":152},{"text":"١٥١٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ، وَيُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» لَاعَنَ بِالْحَمْلِ \" ⦗١٥٥⦘.\n\n١٥١١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُخْتَصَرًا مِنْ حَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ، فَفِي مَبْسُوطِهِمَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْقَذْفِ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ وَكَذَا إِنْ لَاعَنَ بِالْحَمْلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَصَدَ بِهِ نَفْيَ الْحَمْلِ خِلَافَ قَوْلِ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْصِدْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":154},{"text":"١٥١١١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِذْ قَالَ رَجُلٌ: لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلَهُ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ؟ وَإِنْ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ جَلَدْتُمُوهُ؟ لَأَذْكُرَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ آيَاتِ اللِّعَانِ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَلَاعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَقَالَ: «عَسَى أَنْ تَجِيءَ بِهِ أَسْوَدَ جَعْدًا»، فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْوَدَ جَعْدًا \".\n\n١٥١١٢ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَذَكَرَ لِعَانَهُ قَالَ: فَذَهَبَتْ لِتُلَاعِنَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَهْ». فَلَعَنَتْ. فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَا قَالَ: «لَعَلَّهَا أَنْ تَجِيءَ بِهِ أَسْوَدَ جَعْدًا». وفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَاعَنَهَا وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَهْلٍ وَغَيْرِهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ نَفَاهُ عَنْهُ","vol":"11","page":155},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1042>ذِكْرُ الْمَرْمِيِّ بِالْمَرْأَةِ</span>\n١٥١١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ أَحْكَامِ الْقُرْآنِ: وَرَمَى الْعَجْلَانِيُّ امْرَأَتَهُ بِرَجُلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، فَالْتَعَنَ وَلَمْ يُحْضِرْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَرْمِيَّ بِالْمَرْأَةِ، فَاسْتُدِلَّ بِهِ عَلَى أَنَّ الزَّوْجَ إِذَا الْتَعَنَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي رَمَاهُ بِامْرَأَتِهِ عَلَيْهِ حَدٌّ.\n\n١٥١١٤ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا حَدِيثَ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي قِصَّةِ عُويْمِرٍ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ إِحْضَارِ الْمَرْمِيِّ بِالْمَرْأَةِ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَا هُنَا.\n\n١٥١١٥ - وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: الْمَسْمُوعُ مِنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَقَدْ قَذَفَ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ امْرَأَتَهُ بِابْنِ عَمِّهِ، وَابْنُ عَمِّهِ شَرِيكُ بْنُ السَّحْمَاءِ، وَسَمَّاهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ رَآهُ عَلَيْهَا، وَسَأَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَرِيكًا فَأَنْكَرَ، فَلَمْ يُحَلِّفْهُ، فَكَذَلِكَ لَا يُجْلَدْ أَحَدٌ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ الزِّنَا، وَالْتَعَنَ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ فَلَمْ يُحِدَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ شَرِيكًا بِالْتِعَانِهِ فَكَذَلِكَ لَا يُحَدُّ مَنْ رُمِيَ بِالزِّنَا بِالْتِعَانِ غَيْرِهِ، وَلَمْ يُحِدَّ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ الْقَاذِفَ، فَكَذَلِكَ لَا يُحَدُّ مَنْ قَذْفِ رَجُلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ\n\n١٥١١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَأَلَ شَرِيكًا فَأَنْكَرَ، فَلَمْ يُحَلِّفْهُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ تَفْسِيرِ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، فَكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَهُ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ، وَقَدْ حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ تَفْسِيرِهِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ سَمَّى الْقَاذِفَ بِشَرِيكِ بْنِ السَّحْمَاءِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ.\n\n١٥١١٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗١٥٧⦘.\n\n١٥١١٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ سَمَّاهُ الْعَجْلَانِيَّ.\n\n١٥١١٩ - وَالْعَجْلَانِيُّ هُوَ عُويْمِرٌ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ الْمَذْكُورُ فِي حَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ.\n\n١٥١٢٠ - وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ سَهْلٍ أَنَّهُ رَمَاهَا بِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ، وَلَا بِغَيْرِهِ مُسَمًّى بِعَيْنِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ كَنَعْتِ كَذَا فَلَا أَحْسِبُهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا» دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ رَمَاهَا بِرَجُلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسَمِّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، وَعِنْدِي أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ ذَهَبَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ إِلَى أَنَّهَا خَبَرٌ عَنْ قِصَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَمَنْ يُفَكِّرْ فِيهَا وَجَدَ فِيهَا مَا يَدُلُّهُ عَلَى صِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ اعْتَمَدَ عَلَى حَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ الْقَاذِفِ بِعُويْمِرٍ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ لِفَضْلِ حَفْظِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَلَى حَفْظِ غَيْرِهِ، وَلِأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ: فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «فَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْ بَنِي الْعَجْلَانَ»، وَفِيهِ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى مَنْ سَمَّاهُ سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُ أَوْلَى مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرِوَايَةُ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ الْقَاذِفِ بِهِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، ثُمَّ وَجَدَهُمَا سَمَّيَا الْمَرْمِيَّ بِالْمَرْأَةِ وَلَمْ يُسَمِّهِ سَهْلٌ، فَذَهَبَ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ الْمَرْمِيِّ بِالْمَرْأَةِ إِلَى رِوَايَتِهِمَا، وَفِي تَسْمِيَةِ الرَّامِي إِلَى رِوَايَةِ سَهْلٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ خَرَّجَ قَوْلَهُ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٥١٢١ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ فِي حُضُورِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَ عُويْمِرٍ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ وَامْرَأَتِهِ وَأَنْكَرَ حَمْلَهَا الَّذِي فِي بَطْنِهَا وَقَالَ: هُوَ مِنَ ابْنِ السَّحْمَاءِ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْإِمْلَاءِ مَأْخُوذًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ أَوْ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ وَامْرَأَتِهِ وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا \"، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: وَكَانَ الَّذِي رُمِيَتْ بِهِ ابْنَ السَّحْمَاءِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":156},{"text":"١٥١٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْإِسْفِرَائِينِيُّ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِصَامٍ الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" لَاعَنَ بَيْنَ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ وَامْرَأَتِهِ وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَقَالَ زَوْجُهَا: وَاللَّهِ مَا قَرَبْتُهَا مُنْذُ عَفَرْنَا النَّخْلَ، وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِصَامٍ: مُنْذُ عَفَرْنَا قَالَ: وَالْعَفْرُ أَنْ يُسْقَى النَّخْلُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ السَّقْيُ بَعْدَ الْإِبَارِ بِشَهْرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ» قَالَ: وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ زَوْجَ الْمَرْأَةِ كَانَ حَمْشَ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ وَالسَّاقَيْنِ أَصْهَبَ الشَّعْرِ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي رُمِيَتْ بِهِ ابْنُ السَّحْمَاءِ، فَجَاءَتْ بِغُلَامٍ أَسْوَدَ جَعْدًا عَبْلَ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ خَدْلَ السَّاقَيْنِ \". قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: قَالَ ابْنُ شَدَّادِ بْنُ الْهَادِ، لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَهِيَ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَوْ كُنْتُ رَاجِمًا بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ لَرَجَمْتُهَا»؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَا، تِلْكَ امْرَأَةٌ قَدْ أَعْلَنَتِ السُّوءَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ. تَابَعَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n١٥١٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ إِبْطَالِ الِاسْتِحْسَانِ فَصْلًا فِي أَنَّ الْأَحْكَامَ فِي الدُّنْيَا إِنَّمَا هِيَ عَلَى مَا أَظْهَرَ الْعِبَادُ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُدِينٌ بِالسَّرَائِرِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَمْرِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَبِحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: \" لَا أَزَالُ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ \" ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ، وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيَّ» الْحَدِيثَ ⦗١٥٩⦘. تَرَكَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ لِيَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْأَصْلِ فَيُثَبِّتَهُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَ إِثْبَاتَهُ مِنَ الْحِفْظِ، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ بِلَا إِسْنَادٍ: وَجَاءَ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ أُحَيْمِرُ سَبِطٌ نِضْوُ الْخَلْقِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَأَيْتُ شَرِيكَ بْنَ السَّحْمَاءِ، يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَمِّهِ، وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ عَظِيمُ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ، أَدْعَجُ الْعَيْنَيْنِ، حَادُّ الْخَلْقِ، يُصِيبُ فُلَانَةَ، يَعْنِي امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حُبْلَى، وَمَا قَرَبْتُهَا مُنْذُ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَرِيكًا فَجَحَدَ، وَدَعَا الْمَرْأَةَ فَجَحَدَتْ، فَلَاعَنَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ زَوْجِهَا وَهِيَ حُبْلَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَبْصِرُوهُمَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَدْعَجَ عَظِيمَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا، وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ كَذَبَ»، فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ أَدْعَجَ عَظِيمَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا «إِنَّ أَمْرَهُ لَبَيِّنٌ لَوْلَا مَا قَضَى اللَّهُ» يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ لِمَنْ زَنَى، لَوْلَا مَا قَضَى اللَّهُ أَنْ لَا يُحْكَمَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِقْرَارٍ.\n\n١٥١٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالصَّوَابُ إِلَّا بِشُهُودٍ.\n\n١٥١٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَوِ اعْتِرَافٍ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، لَا تَحِلُّ بِدَلَالَةِ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بَيِّنَةً قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يَعْنِي ظَاهِرَةً، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ: «لَوْلَا مَا قَضَى اللَّهُ لَكَانَ لِي فِيهَا قَضَاءٌ غَيْرُهُ» وَلَمْ يَعْرِضْ لِشَرِيكٍ، وَلَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَأَنْفَذَ الْحُكْمَ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا كَاذِبٌ، ثُمَّ عَلِمَ بَعْدُ أَنَّ الزَّوْجَ هُوَ صَادِقٌ.\n\n١٥١٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَظَنَّ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ أَوْ مَنْ خَرَّجَ الْمُسْنَدَ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: «وَجَاءَ الْعَجْلَانَ» مِنْ قَوْلِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، فَخَرَّجَهُ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ مُرَكَّبًا عَلَى إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا ⦗١٦٠⦘.\n\n١٥١٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَاهُ، وَهَذَا وَهْمٌ فَاحِشٌ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ يَبْرَأُ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَقَدْ وَهِمَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو أَوْ مَنْ خَرَّجَ الْمُسْنَدَ، وَهَكَذَا فِي غَيْرِ حَدِيثٍ مِمَّا خَرَّجَهُ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ، ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ وَثَبَّتُّهُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.\n\n١٥١٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو فِي كِتَابِ إِبْطَالِ الِاسْتِحْسَانِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، لَكِنَّهُ فِي أَصْلٍ عَتِيقٍ فَصَلَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَا بَعْدَهُ بِدَائِرَةٍ، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ: وَجَاءَ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ وَمَنْ يُفَكِّرُ فِي قَوْلِهِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ: وَجَاءَ الْعَجْلَانِيُّ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ ابْتُدِئَ كَلَامٌ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى مَا قَبْلَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَصْلٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، ثُمَّ بِحَدِيثِ الْعَجْلَانِيِّ، وَأَنَا مُسْتَغْنٍ عَنْ هَذَا الشَّرْحِ لَكِنْ لِبُعْدِ أَفْهَامِ أَكْثَرِ النَّاسِ عَنْ هَذَا اللِّسَانِ، هُوَ وَلَا أَحْتَاجُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْوَهْمِ الْفَاحِشِ مُنْذُ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ إِلَى زِيَادَةِ بَيَانٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"11","page":158},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1043>وَقْفُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ وَتَذْكِيرُهُمَا اللَّهَ ﷿</span>","vol":"11","page":161},{"text":"١٥١٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا أُمِرْتُ بِوَقْفِهِمَا وَتَذْكِيرِهِمَا أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ» أَمَرَ رَجُلًا حِينَ لَاعَنَ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ أَنْ يَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى فِيهِ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهَا مُوجِبَةٌ»","vol":"11","page":161},{"text":"١٥١٣٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ هِلَالَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ، قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «الْبَيِّنَةُ أَوْ حَدٌّ فِي ظَهْرِكَ» فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُنَا رَجُلًا عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ يَلْتَمِسُ الْبَيِّنَةَ؟ فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، يَقُولُ: «الْبَيِّنَةُ وَإِلَّا فَحَدٌّ فِي ظَهْرِكَ»، فَقَالَ هِلَالٌ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ إِنِّي لَصَادِقٌ، وَلَيُنْزِلَنَّ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِي أَمْرِي مَا يُبَرِّئُ بِهِ ظَهْرِي مِنَ الْحَدِّ، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ﴾ [النور: ٦]، فَقَرَأَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ﴿مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾ [النور: ٩] فَانْصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا فَجَاءَا، فَقَامَ هِلَالُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ فَشَهِدَ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ، فَهَلْ مِنْكُمَا مِنْ تَائِبٍ»، ثُمَّ قَامَتْ فَشَهِدَتْ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ ⦗١٦٢⦘ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ قَالُوا لَهَا: إِنَّهَا مُوجِبَةٌ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَتَلَكَّأَتْ وَنَكَصَتْ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهَا سَتَرْجِعُ، فَقَالَتْ: لَا أَفْضَحُ قَومِي سَائِرَ الْيَوْمِ فَمَضَتْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" أَبْصِرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَكْحَلَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ سَابِغَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَهُوَ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ، فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ كَذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَوْلَا مَا مَضَى مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لَكَانَ لِي وَلَهَا شَأْنٌ». رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ","vol":"11","page":161},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1044>بَابُ مَا يَكُونُ بَعْدَ لِعَانِ الزَّوْجِ</span>","vol":"11","page":163},{"text":"١٥١٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا أَكْمَلَ الزَّوْجُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَالِالْتِعَانَ فَقَدْ زَالَ فِرَاشُ امْرَأَتِهِ، وَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أَبَدًا بِحَالٍ وَإِنْ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ لَمْ تَعُدْ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُ هَذَا لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗١٦٤⦘: «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ»، وَكَانَتْ فِرَاشًا، فَلَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُنْفَى الْوَلَدُ عَنِ الْفِرَاشِ إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَزُولَ الْفِرَاشُ، فَلَا تَكُونُ فِرَاشًا أَبَدًا، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ» فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ وَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ \" ⦗١٦٥⦘.\n\n١٥١٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ مَعْقُولًا فِي حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ أَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِأُمِّهِ أَنَّهُ نَفَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَإِنَّ نَفْيَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ بِيَمِينِهِ وَالْتِعَانِهِ لَا بِيَمِينِ أُمِّهِ عَلَى كَذِبِهِ بِنَفْيِهِ\n\n١٥١٣٣ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَلَمَّا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا سَبِيلَ لَكَ عَلَيْهَا» اسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ لَا يَتَنَاكَحَانِ أَبَدًا إِذَا لَمْ يَقُلْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِلَّا أَنْ تُكَذِّبَ نَفْسَكَ أَوْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِي الْمُطَلِّقِ الثَّالِثَةِ: ﴿حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٠]، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ.\n\n١٥١٣٤ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَرَوَى الَّذِينَ خَالَفُونَا فِي هَذَا حَدِيثًا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ: لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا، وَرَجَعَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى قَولِنَا فِيهِ، وَأَبَى بَعْضُهُمُ الرُّجُوعَ إِلَيْهِ وَقَالَ: لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا مَا كَانَ عَلَى اللِّعَانِ.\n\n١٥١٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَوَتَعْلَمُ حَدِيثًا لَا يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُوَجِّهَ وَجُوهًا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا، وَإِنَّمَا الْأَحَادِيثُ عَلَى ظَاهِرِهَا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ دَلَالَةٌ بِخَبَرٍ عَنِ الَّذِي حَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْهُ، أَوْ إِجْمَاعٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلَى تَوْجِيهِهَا، وَظَاهِرُ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا رُوِّيتُمْ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعُمَرَ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَلَى مَا قُلْنَا","vol":"11","page":163},{"text":"١٥١٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ قَالَ: فَتَلَاعَنَا فَفَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا وَقَالَ: «لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا» ⦗١٦٦⦘. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي حَسَّانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ هُوَ ابْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، وَعُمَرُ هُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥١٣٧ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ","vol":"11","page":165},{"text":"١٥١٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْفِهْرِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ قَالَ سَهْلٌ: «حَضَرْتُ هَذَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» فَمَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدُ فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ أَنْ يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، ثُمَّ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا \".\n\n١٥١٣٩ - وَفِي الْجَامِعِ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ: يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا. وَعَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْواسِطِيِّ، عَنْ جَهْمِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: إِذَا أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ اللِّعَانِ ضُرِبَ الْحَدَّ وَأُلْزِقَ بِهِ الْوَلَدُ وَلَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا","vol":"11","page":166},{"text":"١٥١٤٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ قَيْسِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ أَنْ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا»","vol":"11","page":166},{"text":"١٥١٤١ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ ⦗١٦٧⦘: أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِيَ يَقْذِفُ امْرَأَتَهُ، ثُمَّ يَنْزِعُ عَنِ الَّذِي قَالَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُلَاعِنَهَا؟ قَالَ: «هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ وَيُحَدُّ»\n\n١٥١٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَمَتَى الْتَعَنَ الزَّوْجُ فَعَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَلْتَعِنَ، فَإِنْ أَبَتْ حُدَّتْ، لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَيَدْرَأُ عَنْهَا الْعَذَابَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ﴾ [النور: ٨]\n\n١٥١٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَالْعَذَابُ الْحَدُّ، فَكَانَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تُحَدَّ إِذَا الْتَعَنَ الزَّوْجُ وَلَمْ تَدْرَأْ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا بِالِالْتِعَانِ»","vol":"11","page":166},{"text":"١٥١٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ قَالَ: فَقِيلَ لِهِلَالٍ: «تَشْهَدُ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ أَنَّكَ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ»، وَقِيلَ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ: «يَا هِلَالُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ عَذَابِ النَّاسِ، وَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمُوجِبَةُ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ عَلَيْكَ الْعَذَابَ» فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا يُعَذِّبُنِي اللَّهُ أَبَدًا، كَمَا لَمْ تَجْلِدْنِي عَلَيْهَا قَالَ: فَشَهِدَ الْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ، وَقِيلَ لَهَا: «اشْهَدِي أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ»، وَقِيلَ لَهَا عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ: «يَا هَذِهِ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ عَذَابِ النَّاسِ، وَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمُوجِبَةُ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ عَلَيْكِ الْعَذَابَ»، فَتَلَكَّأَتْ سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَفْضَحُ قَومِي، فَشَهِدَتِ الْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ \"، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"11","page":167},{"text":"١٥١٤٥ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ ⦗١٦٨⦘ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي \" الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: يَا زَانِيَةُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَمْ أَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ: «يُلَاعِنُهَا» وَعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: الرَّجُلُ يَقْذِفُ امْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُهْدَى إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: «يُلَاعِنُهَا وَالْوَلَدُ لَهَا».\n\n١٥١٤٦ - وَعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يُلَاعِنُهَا وَالْوَلَدُ لَهَا إِذَا قَذَفَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُهْدَى إِلَيْهِ».\n\n١٥١٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ","vol":"11","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1045>التَّعْرِيضُ بِالْقَذْفِ</span>","vol":"11","page":169},{"text":"١٥١٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي وَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا أَسْوَدَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ إِبِلٍ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «مَا أَلْوانُهَا؟» قَالَ: حُمْرٌ قَالَ: «هَلْ فِيهَا مِنْ أَوْرَقَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: «أَنَّى تَرَى ذَلِكَ؟» قَالَ: عِرْقًا نَزَعَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَلَعَلَّ هَذَا نَزَعَهُ عِرْقٌ». وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"11","page":169},{"text":"١٥١٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ ⦗١٧٠⦘ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي وَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا أَسْوَدَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ إِبِلٍ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَمَا أَلْوانُهَا؟» قَالَ: حُمْرٌ قَالَ: «هَلْ فِيهَا مِنْ أَوْرَقُ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ إِنَّ فِيهَا لَوُرْقًا قَالَ: «فَأَنَّى أَتَاهَا ذَلِكَ؟» قَالَ: لَعَلَّهُ نَزَعَهُ عِرْقٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «وَهَذَا لَعَلَّهُ نَزَعَهُ عِرْقٌ». رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٥١٥٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «وَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ يُعَرِّضُ بِأَنْ يَنْفِيَهُ».\n\n١٥١٥١ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: وَإِنِّي أَنْكَرْتُهُ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ قَوْلُ الْفَزَارِيِّ تُهْمَةً الْأَغْلَبُ مِنْهَا عِنْدَ مَنْ سَمِعَهَا أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ قَذْفَهَا، فَسَمِعَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَرَهُ قَذْفًا، إِذْ كَانَ لِقَوْلِهِ وَجْهٌ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ أَرَادَ بِهِ الْقَذْفَ مِنَ التَّعَجُّبِ وَالْمَسْأَلَةِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، اسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا حَدَّ فِي التَّعْرِيضِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"11","page":169},{"text":"١٥١٥٢ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي \" الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: لَمْ أَجِدْكِ عَذْرَاءَ، وَلَا أَقُولُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ زِنًا، فَلَا يُحَدُّ \" ⦗١٧١⦘\n\n١٥١٥٣ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْجَامِعِ الْكَبِيرِ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ كَانَ يَجْلِدُ الْحَدَّ فِي التَّعْرِيضِ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"11","page":170},{"text":"١٥١٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ» رَجُلًا قَالَ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنَا بِزَانٍ وَلَا ابْنِ زَانِيَةٍ، فَجَلَدَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ الْحَدَّ \"\n\n١٥١٥٥ - قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: وَقَوْلُهُ بِدَلَائِلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ أَوْلَى مِنْ هَذَا، يُرِيدُ اسْتِدْلَالَ الشَّافِعِيِّ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ وَبِأَنَّ اللَّهَ أَبَاحَ التَّعْرِيضَ بِالْخِطْبَةِ فِي عِدَّةِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا، فَكَانَ خِلَافًا لِلتَّصْرِيحِ","vol":"11","page":171},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1046>بَابُ الشَّهَادَةِ فِي اللِّعَانِ</span>","vol":"11","page":172},{"text":"١٥١٥٦ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي أَرْبَعَةٍ شَهِدُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ بِالزِّنَا أَحَدُهُمْ زَوْجُهَا قَالَ:  «يُلَاعِنُ وَيُجْلَدُ الثَّلَاثَةُ».\n\n١٥١٥٧ - وَبِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ عَلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: «إِنَّ الشُّهُودَ إِذَا لَمْ يُتِمُّوا أَرْبَعَةً فَهُمْ قَذَفَةٌ يُحَدُّونَ»","vol":"11","page":172},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1047>الْإِقْرَارُ بِالْوَلَدِ</span>","vol":"11","page":173},{"text":"١٥١٥٨ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁: «أَنَّ» الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَقَرَّ بِوَلَدِهِ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْفِيَهُ \"","vol":"11","page":173},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1048>الْفِرَاشُ بِالْوَطْءِ بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ وَالنِّكَاحِ</span>","vol":"11","page":174},{"text":"١٥١٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ:  «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ بِالْوَطْءِ بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ وَالنِّكَاحِ»","vol":"11","page":174},{"text":"١٥١٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ، إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ كَانَ سَاكِنًا مَعَنَا فَذَهَبْنَا مَعَهُ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ وِلَادٍ مِنْ وِلَادِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ: أَمَّا الْفِرَاشُ فَلِفُلَانٍ، وَأَمَّا النُّطْفَةُ فَلِفُلَانٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «صَدَقْتَ، وَلَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ» قَضَى بِالْفِرَاشِ \"","vol":"11","page":174},{"text":"١٥١٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَرْمَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، إِلَى شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارِنَا، فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَ الشَّيْخِ إِلَى عُمَرَ وَهُوَ فِي الْحِجْرِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ وِلَادِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ قَالَ: وَكَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا أَوْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا، نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ عِدَّةٍ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: أَمَّا النُّطْفَةُ فَمِنْ فُلَانٍ، وَأَمَا الْوَلَدُ فَهُوَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ فُلَانٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «صَدَقْتَ، وَلَكِنْ» قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْوَلَدِ لِلْفِرَاشِ \"","vol":"11","page":174},{"text":"١٥١٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ»","vol":"11","page":174},{"text":"١٥١٦٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَهِدَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ إِنَّ ابْنَ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ مِنِّي فَاقْبِضْهُ إِلَيْكَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عَامُ الْفَتْحِ أَخَذَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَقَالَ: ابْنُ أَخِي كَانَ عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ: أَخِي وَابْنُ وَلِيدَةِ أَبِي وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِسَوْدَةَ بِنْتِ زَمْعَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «احْتَجِبِي عَنْهُ» لِمَا رَأَى مِنْ شَبَهِهِ بِعُتْبَةَ، فَمَا رَآهَا حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللَّهَ ﷿. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ. وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ، حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٥١٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَقَدْ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِابْنِ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ بِدَعْوَةِ أَخِيهِ وَنَسَبَهُ إِلَى أَبِيهِ وَقَالَ: «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ» فَأَعْلَمَ أَنَّ الْأَمَةَ تَكُونُ فِرَاشًا","vol":"11","page":175},{"text":"١٥١٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ:  «مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَطَئُونَ وَلَائِدَهُمْ، ثُمَّ يَعْزِلُونَهُنَّ ⦗١٧٦⦘ لَا تَأْتِيَنِي وَلِيدَةٌ يَعْتَرِفُ سَيِّدُهَا أَنْ قَدْ أَلَمَّ بِهَا إِلَّا أَلْحَقْتُ بِهِ وَلَدَهَا، فَاعْزِلُوا بَعْدُ أَوِ اتْرُكُوا».\n\n١٥١٦٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي إِرْسَالِ الْوَلَائِدِ يُوطَأْنَ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ.\n\n١٥١٦٧ - وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَطَأُونَ وَلَائِدَهُمْ، ثُمَّ يَتْرُكُونَهُنَّ يَخْرُجْنَ، لَا تَأْتِينِي وَلِيدَةٌ يَعْتَرِفُ سَيِّدُهَا أَنْ قَدْ أَلَمَّ بِهَا إِلَّا أَلْحَقْتُ بِهِ وَلَدَهَا، فَأَرْسِلُوهُنَّ بَعْدُ أَوْ أَمْسِكُوهُنَّ.\n\n١٥١٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَهَلْ خَالَفَكَ فِي هَذَا غَيْرُنَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ بَعْضُ الْمَشْرِقِيِّينَ، قُلْتُ: فَمَا كَانَ حُجَّتُهُمْ؟ قَالَ: كَانَتْ حُجَّتُهُمْ أَنْ قَالُوا: انْتَفَى عُمَرُ مِنْ وَلَدِ جَارِيَةٍ لَهُ، وَانْتَفَى زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ جَارِيَةٍ لَهُ، وَانْتَفَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ جَارِيَةٍ لَهُ، قُلْتُ: فَمَا كَانَتْ حُجَّتَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ؟ قَالَ: أَمَّا عُمَرُ فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ حَمْلَ جَارِيَةٍ أَقَرَّتْ بِالْمَكْرُوهِ، وَأَمَّا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَنْكَرَا إِنْ كَانَا فَعَلَا وَلَدَ جَارِيَتَيْنِ عَرَفَا أَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمَا، فَحَلَالٌ لَهُمَا، وَكَذَلِكَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُمَا فِي الْأَمَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ يَنْبَغِي لِزَوْجِ الْحُرَّةِ إِذَا عَلِمَ أَنَّهَا حَبِلَتْ مِنَ الزِّنَا أَنْ يَدْفَعَ وَلَدَهَا وَلَا يُلْحِقُ بِنَفْسِهِ مَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهُ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُ هَذَا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ، كَمَا تَعْلَمُ الْمَرْأَةُ بِأَنَّ زَوْجَهَا قَدْ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا، فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهَا الِامْتِنَاعُ مِنْهُ بِجَهْدِهَا، وَعَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُحَلِّفَهُ ثُمَّ يَرُدَّهَا، فَالْحُكْمُ غَيْرُ مَا بَيْنَ الْعَبْدِ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ ﷿، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْهِمْ ⦗١٧٧⦘.\n\n١٥١٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِذَا غَابَ الرَّجُلُ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ، فَبَلَغَهَا وَفَاتُهُ فَاعْتَدَّتْ، ثُمَّ نَكَحَتْ فَوَلَدَتْ أَوْلَادًا ثُمَّ قَدِمَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ زَوْجِهَا الْآخَرِ، وَأُلْحِقَ الْوَلَدُ بِالْآخَرِ","vol":"11","page":175},{"text":"١٥١٧٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِّينَاهُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁، «فِي امْرَأَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحُرِّ حِينَ لَحِقَ بِمُعَاوِيَةَ، فَأَطَالَ الْغَيْبَةَ، وَمَاتَ أَبُوهَا، فَزَوَّجَهَا أَهْلُهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحُرِّ وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ، فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا رَدَّهَا إِلَى عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحُرِّ وَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِأَبِيهِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ الْهَرَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَحَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عِمْرَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ النَّخَعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ","vol":"11","page":177},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1049>كِتَابُ الْعِدَدِ</span>","vol":"11","page":178},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1050>بَابُ عِدَّةِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا</span>","vol":"11","page":178},{"text":"١٥١٧١ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]\n⦗١٧٩⦘.\n\n١٥١٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" الْأَقْرَاءُ عِنْدَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ الْأَطْهَارُ، فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا الْأَطْهَارُ، وَقَدْ قَالَ غَيْرُكُمْ: الْحَيْضُ؟ قِيلَ لَهُ دَلَالَتَانِ، أُولَاهُمَا الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ السُّنَّةُ، وَالْآخَرُ اللِّسَانُ، فَإِنْ قَالَ: وَمَا الْكِتَابُ؟ قِيلَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ١] \"","vol":"11","page":178},{"text":"١٥١٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهِ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ عُمَرُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مُرْهُ فَلْيُرَاجِعْهَا، ثُمَّ لِيُمْسِكْهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ، ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ، ثُمَّ تَطْهُرَ ثُمَّ إِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ بَعْدُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّ، فَتِلْكَ الْعِدَّةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُطَلَّقَ لَهَا النِّسَاءُ».\n\n١٥١٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ فِي مَعْنَى اللَّامِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: «لَهَا» أَنَّهَا بِمَعْنَى: فِي، يُرِيدُ: أَنَّهَا الْعِدَّةُ الَّتِي يُطَلَّقُ النِّسَاءُ فِيهَا، كَمَا يَقُولُ الْقَائِلُ: كُتِبَتْ لِخَمْسٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ، أَيْ وَقْتٌ خَلَا فِيهِ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ خَمْسُ لَيَالٍ، وَإِذَا كَانَ وَقْتُ الطَّلَاقِ الطُّهْرَ ثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ مَحَلُّ الْعِدَّةِ","vol":"11","page":179},{"text":"١٥١٧٥ - وَبِالْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَذْكُرُ طَلَاقَ امْرَأَتِهِ حَائِضًا فَقَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «فَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ فَلْيُطَلِّقْ أَوْ لِيُمْسِكْ» وَتَلَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ١] لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ، أَوْ فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَنَا شَكَكْتُ.\n\n١٥١٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَخْبَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنَّ الْعِدَّةَ الطُّهْرُ دُونَ الْحَيْضِ وَقَرَأَ: «فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ»، وَهُوَ أَنْ تُطَلَّقَ طَاهِرًا، لِأَنَّهَا حِينَئِذٍ تَسْتَقْبِلُ عِدَّتَهَا، وَلَوْ طُلِّقَتْ حَائِضًا لَمْ تَكُنْ مُسْتَقْبِلَةً عِدَّتَهَا إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْحَيْضِ، فَإِنْ قَالَ: فَمَا اللِّسَانُ؟ قِيلَ الْقُرْءُ، اسْمٌ وُضِعَ لِمَعْنًى، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْحَيْضُ دَمًا يَرْخِيهِ الرَّحِمُ فَيَخْرُجُ، وَالطُّهْرُ دَمًا يَحْتَبِسُ فَلَا يَخْرُجُ، كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا مِنْ لِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ أَنَّ الْقُرْءَ الْحَبْسُ، تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: هُوَ يَقْرِي الْمَاءَ فِي حَوضِهِ وَفِي سِقَائِهِ، وَتَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ يَقْرِي الطَّعَامَ فِي شِدْقِهِ، يَعْنِي: يَحْبِسُ الطَّعَامَ فِي شِدْقِهِ.\n\n١٥١٧٧ - زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ إِذَا حَبَسَ الرَّجُلُ الشَّيْءَ قَرَاهُ، يَعْنِي خَبَّأَهُ، وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: الْعَرَبُ تُقْرِي فِي صِحَافِهَا، يَعْنِي تَحْبِسُ فِي صِحَافِهَا","vol":"11","page":180},{"text":"١٥١٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: «يُقَالُ» قَدْ أَقْرَأَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا دَنَا حَيْضُهَا، وَأَقْرَأَتْ إِذَا دَنَا طُهْرُهَا\".\n\n١٥١٧٩ - زَعَمَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، وَالْأَصْمَعِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا.\n\n١٥١٨٠ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ الْأَعْشَى فِي شِعْرٍ يَمْدَحُ بِهِ رَجُلًا غَزَا غَزْوَةً غَنِمَ فِيهَا وَظَفَرَ فَقَالَ:\n[البحر الطويل]\n⦗١٨١⦘\n\nمُوَرَّثَةٍ مَالًا وَفِي الْحَيِّ رِفْعَةٌ ... لِمَا ضَاعَ فِيهَا مِنْ قُرُوءِ نِسَائِكَا.\n\n١٥١٨١ - فَمَعْنَى الْقُرُوءِ هَا هُنَا الْأَطْهَارُ: لِأَنَّهُ ضَيَّعَ أَطْهَارَهُنَّ فِي غَزَاتِهِ وَأَثَرُهَا عَلَيْهِنَّ وَشُغِلَ بِهَا عَنْهُنَّ.\n\n١٥١٨٢ - فَذَهَبَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ إِلَى أَنَّ اسْمَ الْقُرْءِ وَاقِعٌ عَلَيْهِمَا، وَكَأَنَّهُ فِي الطُّهْرِ أَظْهَرَ لِمَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ حُكْمِ الِاشْتِقَاقِ، وَلِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ أَسْبَقُ إِلَى الْوُجُودِ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِالِاسْمِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":180},{"text":"١٥١٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا  «انْتَقَلَتْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حِينَ دَخَلَتْ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ». قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَقَالَتْ: صَدَقَ عُرْوَةُ، وَقَدْ جَادَلَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ نَاسٌ وَقَالُوا: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨] فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: \" صَدَقْتُمْ، وَهَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا الْأَقْرَاءُ؟ الْأَقْرَاءُ: الْأَطْهَارُ \"\n\n١٥١٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، يَقُولُ: مَا أَدْرَكْتُ أَحَدًا مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ هَذَا، يُرِيدُ الَّذِي قَالَتْ: عَائِشَةُ","vol":"11","page":181},{"text":"١٥١٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «إِذَا طَعَنَتِ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ»","vol":"11","page":181},{"text":"١٥١٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ الْأَحْوصَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَكِيمٍ، هَلَكَ بِالشَّامِ حِينَ دَخَلَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا، فَكَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ، إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ زَيْدٌ  «إِذَا دَخَلَتْ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ وَبَرِئَ مِنْهَا، وَلَا تَرِثُهُ وَلَا يَرِثُهَا»","vol":"11","page":182},{"text":"١٥١٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، وَابْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَا:  «إِذَا دَخَلَتْ فِي الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَلَا رَجْعَةَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا».\n\n١٥١٨٧ - ذَكَرَهُ يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَحْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَرُوبَةَ","vol":"11","page":182},{"text":"١٥١٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَدَخَلَتْ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ وَبَرِئَ مِنْهَا، وَلَا تَرِثُهُ وَلَا يَرِثُهَا»","vol":"11","page":182},{"text":"١٥١٨٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَوْلَى الْمَهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَسَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا طُلِّقَتْ فَدَخَلَتْ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَالَا:  «قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ وَحَلَّتْ»","vol":"11","page":182},{"text":"١٥١٩٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ:  «إِذَا دَخَلَتِ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ، وَلَا مِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمَا»\n\n١٥١٩١ - زَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَلَا رَجْعَةَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا","vol":"11","page":183},{"text":"١٥١٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَبُو مُوسَى: «لَا تَحِلُّ الْمَرْأَةُ حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلَ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، وَذَهَبُوا إِلَى أَنَّ الْأَقْرَاءَ الْحَيْضُ». وَقَالَ هَذَا ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ","vol":"11","page":183},{"text":"١٥١٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ:  «إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِرَجْعَتِهَا حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلَ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فِي الْوَاحِدَةِ وَالِاثْنَتَيْنِ».\n\n١٥١٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْصُورٌ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مِثْلَهُ ⦗١٨٤⦘. قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، مِثْلَهُ. مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٥١٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَقِيلَ لَهُمْ، يَعْنِي لِلْعِرَاقِيِّينَ: لِمَ تَقُولُونَ بِقَوْلِ مَنِ احْتَجَجْتُمْ بِقَوْلِهِ وَرُوِّيتُمْ هَذَا عَنْهُ وَلَا قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ عَلِمْنَاهُ؟ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: أَيْنَ خَالَفْنَاهُمْ؟ قُلْنَا: قَالُوا: حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلَ وَتَحِلَّ لَهَا الصَّلَاةُ، فَلِمَ قُلْتُمْ إِنْ فَرَّطَتْ فِي الْغُسْلِ حَتَّى تُذْهِبَ وَقْتَ صَلَاةٍ، فَقَدْ حَلَّتْ وَهِيَ لَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهَا الصَّلَاةُ.\n\n١٥١٩٦ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَا تَعْدُو أَنْ تَكُونَ الْأَقْرَاءُ إِلَّا أَطْهَارٌ كَمَا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ، وَالنِّسَاءُ بِهَذَا أَعْلَمُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ فِيهِنَّ بِمَا فِي الرِّجَالِ، أَوْ تَكُونُ الْحَيْضُ، فَإِذَا جَاءَتْ بِثَلَاثِ حِيَضٍ حَلَّتْ وَلَا نَجِدُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لِلْغُسْلِ مَعْنًى يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَسْتُمْ تَقُولُونَ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْقَوْلَيْنِ\n\n١٥١٩٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَزَعَمَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، أَنَّ الْأَقْرَاءَ الْحَيْضُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ اسْتُحِيضَتْ أَنْ تَدَعَ الصَّلَاةَ أَيَّامَ أَقْرَائِهَا»","vol":"11","page":183},{"text":"١٥١٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا حَدَّثَ سُفْيَانُ بِهَذَا قَطُّ، إِنَّمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «تَدَعُ الصَّلَاةَ ⦗١٨٥⦘ عَدَدَ اللَّيَالِي وَالْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَحِيضُهُنَّ» أَوْ قَالَ: «أَيَّامَ أَقْرَائِهَا». الشَّكُّ مِنْ أَيُّوبَ، لَا نَدْرِي قَالَ هَذَا أَوْ هَذَا فَجَعَلَهُ هُوَ أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى نَاحِيَةِ مَا يُرِيدُ، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا يَصْدُقُ وَقَدْ","vol":"11","page":184},{"text":"١٥١٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لِتَنْظُرَ عَدَدَ اللَّيَالِي وَالْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَحِيضُهُنَّ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا الَّذِي أَصَابَهَا، ثُمَّ لِتَدَعِ الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ لِتَغْتَسِلْ وَلِتُصَلِّ». وَنَافِعٌ أَحْفِظَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ مِثْلَ أَحَدِ مَعْنَيَيْ أَيُّوبَ اللَّذَيْنِ رَوَاهُمَا.\n\n١٥٢٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا اللَّفْظُ الَّذِي احْتَجُّوا بِهِ قَدْ رُوِيَ فِي أَحَادِيثَ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ الْحَيْضِ مِنْ كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، وَتِلْكَ الْأَحَادِيثُ فِي أَنْفُسِهَا مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهَا، فَبَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ قَالَ فِيهَا: «أَيَّامَ أَقْرَائِهَا»، وَبَعْضُهُمْ قَالَ فِيهَا: «أَيَّامَ حَيْضِهَا» أَوْ فِي مَعْنَاهَا، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ جِهَةِ الرُّوَاةِ، كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ يُعَبِّرُ عَنْهُ بِمَا يَقَعُ لَهُ، وَالْأَحَادِيثُ الصِّحَاحُ مُتَّفِقَةٌ عَلَى الْعِبَارَةِ عَنْهُ بِأَيَّامِ الْحَيْضِ دُونَ لَفْظِ الْأَقْرَاءِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1051>تَصْدِيقُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ حِيَضٍ فِي أَقَلِّ مَا حَاضَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ قَطُّ</span>","vol":"11","page":186},{"text":"١٥٢٠١ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: «اؤْتُمِنَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى فَرْجِهَا».\n\n١٥٢٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: «إِنَّ مِنَ الْأَمَانَةِ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ ائْتُمِنَتْ عَلَى فَرْجِهَا»","vol":"11","page":186},{"text":"١٥٢٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَأَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَذَكَرَتْ أَنَّهَا قَدْ حَاضَتْ فِي شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لِشُرَيْحٍ: قُلْ فِيهَا، فَقَالَ: \" إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِبَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ بِطَانَةِ أَهْلِهَا يَشْهَدُونَ صَدَقَتْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: قَالَوْنَ، وَقَالَوْنُ بِالرُّومِيَّةِ: أَصَبْتَ \".\n\n١٥٢٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَجَاءَتْ بَعْدَ شَهْرَيْنِ فَقَالَتْ: قَدِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتِي","vol":"11","page":187},{"text":"١٥٢٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَزْرَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعُرَنِيِّ، أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا رُفِعَتْ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَةٌ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا فَحَاضَتْ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ فِي خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ مَا يَقُولُ فِيهَا، فَرَفَعَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ: «سَلُوا عَنْهَا جَارَاتِهَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ حَيْضُهَا كَانَ هَكَذَا، وَإِلَّا فَأَشْهُرٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ»\n\n١٥٢٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ لَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا وَيُخَالِفُونَ، أَمَّا بَعْضُهُمْ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَا تَنْقَضِي الْعِدَّةُ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ يَومًا، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: أَقَلُّ مَا تَنْقَضِي بِهِ تِسْعَةٌ وَثَلَاثِينَ يَومًا، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُوَافِقٌ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِلْحَيْضِ وَقْتًا ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَهُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي شَأْنِ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ: «فَإِذَا أَقْبَلَتِ الْحَيْضَةُ فَاتْرُكِي الصَّلَاةَ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ قَدْرُهَا، فَاغْسِلِي الدَّمَ عَنْكِ وَصَلِّي» ⦗١٨٨⦘\n\n١٥٢٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمْ يُوَقِّتِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهَا وَقْتًا فِي الْحَيْضَةِ، فَنَقُولُ كَذَا وَكَذَا يَومًا وَلَكِنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَقْبَلَتْ، وَإِذَا أَدْبَرَتْ».\n\n١٥٢٠٨ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا تَنْقَضِي الْعِدَّةُ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ\n\n١٥٢٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَحْسَبُهُ أَرَادَ اثْنَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ يَومًا وَبَعْضَ الثَّالِثِ، أَوْ أُحْسِبَتِ الْقُرُوءُ بِالْوَقْتِ الَّذِي يَقَعُ فِيهِ الطَّلَاقُ، وَاشْتِرَاطُ مُضِيِّ أَقَلِّ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، لِيُعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ حَيْضٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٥٢١٠ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ لَمْ تَعْتَدَّ بِتِلْكَ الْحَيْضَةِ»\n\n١٥٢١١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا وَهِيَ نُفَسَاءُ لَمْ تَعْتَدَّ بِدَمِ نِفَاسِهَا فِي عِدَّتِهَا»","vol":"11","page":187},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1052>عِدَّةُ مَنْ تَبَاعَدَ حَيْضُهَا</span>","vol":"11","page":189},{"text":"١٥٢١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ عِنْدَ جَدِّهِ هَاشِمِيَّةٌ وَأَنْصَارِيَّةٌ، فَطَلَّقَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةَ وَهِيَ تُرْضِعُ، فَمَرَّتْ بِهَا سَنَةٌ، ثُمَّ هَلَكَ وَلَمْ تَحِضْ، فَقَالَتْ: أَنَا أَرِثُهُ لَمْ أَحِضْ، فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى عُثْمَانَ \" فَقَضَى لِلْأَنْصَارِيَّةِ بِالْمِيرَاثِ، فَلَامَتِ الْهَاشِمِيَّةُ عُثْمَانَ، فَقَالَ: «هَذَا عَمَلُ ابْنِ عَمِّكِ، هُوَ أَشَارَ عَلَيْنَا بِهَذَا»، يَعْنِي عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ","vol":"11","page":189},{"text":"١٥٢١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَبَّانُ بْنُ مُنْقِذٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهُوَ ⦗١٩٠⦘ صَحِيحٌ وَهِيَ تُرْضِعُ ابْنَتَهُ، فَمَكَثَتْ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا لَا تَحِيضُ يَمْنَعُهَا الرَّضَاعُ أَنْ تَحِيضَ، ثُمَّ مَرِضَ حَبَّانُ بَعْدَ أَنْ طَلَّقَهَا بِسَبْعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةٍ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ امْرَأَتَكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَرِثَ، فَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ: احْمِلُونِي إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، فَحَمَلُوهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ شَأْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَعِنْدَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا عُثْمَانُ: «مَا تَرَيَانِ؟» فَقَالَا: نَرَى \" أَنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ إِنْ مَاتَ وَيَرِثُهَا إِنْ مَاتَتْ، فَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ اللَّاتِي قَدْ يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ، وَلَيْسَتْ مِنَ الْأَبْكَارِ اللَّاتِي لَمْ يَبْلُغْنَ الْمَحِيضِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ عَلَى عِدَّةِ حَيْضِهَا مَا كَانَ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ، فَرَجَعَ حَبَّانُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، فَأَخَذَ ابْنَتَهُ، فَلَمَّا فَقَدَتِ الرَّضَاعَ حَاضَتْ حَيْضَةً ثُمَّ حَاضَتْ حَيْضَةً أُخْرَى، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ حَبَّانُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِيضَ الثَّالِثَةَ، فَاعْتَدَّتْ عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا، وَوَرِثَتُهُ.\n\n١٥٢١٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي أَمْرِ حَبَّانَ مِثْلَ خَبَرِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ","vol":"11","page":189},{"text":"١٥٢١٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: الْمَرْأَةُ تُطَلَّقُ وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَحِيضُ قَدْ أَدْبَرَ عَنْهَا وَلَمْ يَبِنْ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ كَيْفَ نَفْعَلُ؟ قَالَ: كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: «إِذَا يَئِسَتِ اعْتَدَّتْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ»، قُلْتُ: مَا يُنْتَظَرُ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا يَئِسَتِ اعْتَدَّتْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿».\n\n١٥٢١٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: تَعْتَدُّ بِأَقْرَائِهَا مَا كَانَتْ إِنْ تَقَارَبَتْ وَإِنْ تَبَاعَدَتْ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿","vol":"11","page":190},{"text":"١٥٢١٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ فِي امْرَأَةٍ طُلِّقَتْ، فَحَاضَتْ حَيْضَةً أَوْ حَيْضَتَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَتْهَا حَيْضَتُهَا، فَقَالَ: أَمَّا أَبُو الشَّعْثَاءِ فَكَانَ يَقُولُ:  «أَقْرَاؤُهَا حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ أَنَّهَا يَئِسَتْ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ»","vol":"11","page":190},{"text":"١٥٢١٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ:  «عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ الْأَقْرَاءُ، وَإِنَّ تَبَاعَدَتْ». قَالَ أَحْمَدُ فِي الْجَامِعِ: عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ وَالْأَعْمَشِ وَمَنْصُورٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَةً أَوْ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ حَاضَتْ حَيْضَةً أَوْ حَيْضَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ ارْتَفَعَ حَيْضُهَا سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: حَبَسَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مِيرَاثَهَا، فَوَرَّثَهُ مِنْهَا.\n\n١٥٢١٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: وَعِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ بِالْحَيْضِ وَإِنْ طَالَتْ، وَعَلَى قَوْلِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ اعْتَمَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ","vol":"11","page":191},{"text":"١٥٢٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁: «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ طُلِّقَتْ فَحَاضَتْ حَيْضَةً أَوْ حَيْضَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَتْهَا حَيْضَتُهَا فَإِنَّهَا تَنْتَظِرُ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، فَإِنْ بَانَ بِهَا حَمْلٌ فَذَلِكَ، وَإِلَّا اعْتَدَّتْ بَعْدَ التِّسْعَةِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، ثُمَّ حَلَّتْ».\n\n١٥٢٢١ - وَإِلَى هَذَا كَانَ يَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِيمَنِ ارْتَفَعَ حَيْضُهَا بِغَيْرِ عَارِضٍ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ إِلَى مَا بَلَغَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. وَقَالَ: قَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ قَوْلُ عُمَرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ قَدْ بَلَغَتِ السِّنَّ الَّتِي مَنْ بَلَغَهَا مِنْ نِسَائِهَا يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ، فَلَا يَكُونُ مُخَالِفًا لِقَوْلِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ \".\n\n١٥٢٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ وَجْهُهُ عِنْدَنَا","vol":"11","page":191},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1053>قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿ فِي الْآيَةِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَ فِيهَا الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ ذَوَاتِ الْأَقْرَاءِ ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ﴾ [</span>البقرة: ٢٢٨]\n١٥٢٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي الْآيَةِ بِالتَّنْزِيلِ أَنَّهُ «لَا يَحِلُّ لِلْمُطَلَّقَةِ أَنْ تَكْتُمَ مَا فِي رَحِمِهَا مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ يَحْتَمِلُ الْحَمْلَ مَعَ الْحَيْضِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْحَمْلَ مِمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ»، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا","vol":"11","page":192},{"text":"١٥٢٢٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: مَا قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨] قَالَ: «الْوَلَدُ لَا تَكْتُمُهُ لِيَرْغَبَ فِيهَا، وَمَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّ الْحَيْضَ مَعَهُ»","vol":"11","page":192},{"text":"١٥٢٢٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَطَاءً: أَيَحِقُّ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تُخْبِرَهُ بِحَمْلِهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُرْسِلْ إِلَيْهَا يَسْأَلُهَا عَنْهُ لِيَرْغَبَ فِيهَا؟ قَالَ:  «تُظْهِرُهُ وَتُخْبِرُ بِهِ أَهْلَهَا فَسَوْفَ يَبْلُغُهُ»","vol":"11","page":192},{"text":"١٥٢٢٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ مُجَاهِدًا قَالَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: \" ﴿وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]: الْمَرْأَةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ: أَنَا حُبْلَى وَلَيْسَتْ بِحُبْلَى، وَلَا لَسْتُ بِحُبْلَى وَهِيَ حُبْلَى، وَلَا أَنَا حَائِضٌ وَلَيْسَتْ بِحَائِضٍ، وَلَا لَسْتُ بِحَائِضٍ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ \".\n\n١٥٢٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ لِمَعَانٍ مِنْهَا: أَنْ لَا يُحِلَّ الْكَذِبَ، وَالْآخَرُ: أَنْ لَا تَكْتُمَهُ الْحَمْلَ وَالْحَيْضَ، لَعَلَّهُ يُرَغِّبُهُ فَيُرَاجِعَ، وَلَا تَدَّعِيهِمَا لَعَلَّهُ يُرَاجِعُ وَلَيْسَتْ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ بِالرَّجْعَةِ لَوْلَا مَا ذَكَرَتْ مِنَ الْحَمْلِ وَالْحَيْضِ، فَتَغَرَّهُ وَالْغَرُورِ لَا يَحِلُّ","vol":"11","page":193},{"text":"١٥٢٢٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا فَأَرَادَ ارْتِجَاعَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: قَدِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتِي وَهِيَ كَاذِبَةٌ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ تَقُولُهُ حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا؟ قَالَ: «لَا، وَقَدْ خَرَجَتْ».\n\n١٥٢٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا كَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَهِيَ آثِمَةٌ","vol":"11","page":193},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1054>عِدَّةُ الَّتِي يَئِسَتْ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ وَالَّتِي لَمْ تَحِضْ، وَعِدَّةُ الْحَامِلِ</span>","vol":"11","page":194},{"text":"١٥٢٣٠ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَنْ، أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ» أَوَّلَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنَ الْعِدَدِ: ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨].\n\n١٥٢٣١ - فَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا مَا عِدَّةُ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي لَا أَقْرَاءَ لَهَا، وَهِيَ الَّتِي لَا تَحِيضُ وَلَا الْحَامِلُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ﴾ [الطلاق: ٤].\n\n١٥٢٣٢ - فَجَعَلَ عِدَّةَ الْمُؤْيِسَةَ وَالَّتِي لَمْ تَحِضْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٤] فَلَمْ يَدْرُوا مَا تَعْتَدُّ غَيْرُ ذَاتِ الْأَقْرَاءِ، وَقَالَ: ﴿وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ٤].\n\n١٥٢٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ يُشْبِهُ مَا قَالُوا.\n\n١٥٢٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ مَعْنَى مَا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ دُونَ تَفْسِيرِ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٤]. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ حَاضَتِ الصَّغِيرَةُ قَبْلَ انْقِضَائِهَا اسْتَقْبَلَتِ الْأَقْرَاءَ","vol":"11","page":194},{"text":"١٥٢٣٥ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ ⦗١٩٥⦘ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: سُئِلَ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ جَارِيَةٍ طُلِّقَتْ بَعْدَ مَا دَخَلَ بِهَا الزَّوْجُ وَهِيَ لَا تَحِيضُ، فَاعْتَدَّتْ بِشَهْرَيْنِ وَخَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا حَاضَتْ قَالَ:  «تَعْتَدُّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ».\n\n١٥٢٣٦ - كَذَلِكَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ. (م)\n\n١٥٢٣٦ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ.\n\n١٥٢٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَعْجَلُ مَنْ سَمِعْتُ بِهِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ يَحِضْنَ نِسَاءُ تِهَامَةَ يَحِضْنَ لِتِسْعِ سِنِينَ.\n\n١٥٢٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْمُهَلَّبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُ فِينَا امْرَأَةً صَارَتْ جَدَّةً وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ ثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ، وَلَدَتْ لِتِسْعِ سِنِينَ بِنْتًا، فَوَلَدَتِ ابْنَتُهَا لِتِسْعِ سِنِينَ.\n\n١٥٢٣٩ - وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ كَاتِبِ اللَّيْثِ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً فِي جِوَارِهِمْ حَمَلَتْ وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ.\n\n١٥٢٤٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ عَشَرِ سِنِينَ.\n١٥٢٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَجَلُ كُلِّ حَامِلٍ أَنْ تَضَعَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا.\n\n١٥٢٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَامِلَ، تَحِيضُ","vol":"11","page":194},{"text":"١٥٢٤٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أُمِّ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا سُئِلَتْ عَنِ الْحَامِلِ تَرَى الدَّمَ أَتُصَلِّي؟ فَقَالَتْ:  «لَا تُصَلِّي حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ عَنْهَا الدَّمُ»","vol":"11","page":196},{"text":"١٥٢٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَلْقَمَةَ مَوْلَاةِ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ سُئِلَتْ عَنِ الْحَامِلِ تَرَى الدَّمَ؟ قَالَتْ: «لَا تُصَلِّي».\n\n١٥٢٤٥ - قُلْتُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، بِنَحْوهِ. وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَى عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا تَغْتَسِلُ وَتُصَلِّي قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ: قَالَ لِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْحَامِلِ تَرَى الدَّمَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: تُصَلِّي، وَاحْتَجَجْتُ بِخَبَرِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ: فَقَالَ لِي أَحْمَدُ: أَيْنَ أَنْتَ عَنْ خَبَرِ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ خَبَرِ أُمِّ عَلْقَمَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فَإِنَّهُ أَصَحُّ.\n\n١٥٢٤٦ - قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى قَوْلِ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَرَوَتْهُ أَيْضًا عَمْرَةُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ عَطَاءٍ يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ مَطَرٌ الْورَّاقُ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ.\n\n١٥٢٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ قَويٍّ\n\n١٥٢٤٨ - وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ رَجَّحُوا رِوَايَةَ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ فِي هَذَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِمْ","vol":"11","page":196},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1055>بَابُ لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَى الَّتِي لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا</span>\n١٥٢٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٩]\n\n١٥٢٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «فَكَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي حُكْمِ اللَّهِ أَنْ لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَى الْمُطَلَّقَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُمَسَّ، وَأَنَّ الْمَسِيسَ هُوَ الْإِصَابَةُ»\n\n١٥٢٥١ - وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ فِي هَذَا خِلَافًا، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفَ بَعْضُ الْمُفْتِينَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يَخْلُو بِهَا زَوْجُهَا فَيُغْلِقُ بَابًا وَيُرْخِي سِتْرًا وَهِيَ غَيْرُ مُحَرَّمَةٍ وَلَا صَائِمَةٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَشُرَيْحٌ وَغَيْرُهُمَا: لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا بِالْإِصَابَةِ نَفْسِهَا؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى هَكَذَا قَالَ","vol":"11","page":197},{"text":"١٥٢٥٢ - وَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «لَيْسَ لَهَا إِلَّا نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ، وَلَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا».\n\n١٥٢٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَشُرَيْحٌ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ ظَاهَرُ الْكِتَابِ","vol":"11","page":197},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1056>بَابُ الْعِدَّةِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ وَالطَّلَاقِ وَالزَّوْجِ الْغَائِبِ</span>\n١٥٢٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَكُونُ الطَّلَاقُ وَالْوَفَاةُ»","vol":"11","page":198},{"text":"١٥٢٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ مَاتَ أَوْ طَلَّقَ».\n\n١٥٢٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"11","page":198},{"text":"١٥٢٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَادِقٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ مَاجِدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ:  «الْعِدَّةُ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَمُوتُ أَوْ يُطَلِّقُ».\n\n١٥٢٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ ⦗١٩٩⦘.\n\n١٥٢٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَا وَقَعَ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَأْتِيهَا الْخَبَرُ»","vol":"11","page":198},{"text":"١٥٢٦٠ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ الْمَرْأَةَ أَوْ يَمُوتُ عَنْهَا وَهُوَ بِمِصْرٍ وَهِيَ بِمِصْرٍ آخَرَ مِنْ أَيِّ يَومٍ تَعْتَدُّ؟ قَالَ:  «مِنْ يَوْمِ مَاتَ أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا تَعْتَدُّ»","vol":"11","page":199},{"text":"١٥٢٦١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَقُولُ:  «إِذَا قَامَتْ بَيِّنَةٌ فَمِنْ يَوْمِ طَلَّقَهَا أَوْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا»","vol":"11","page":199},{"text":"١٥٢٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ:  «تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ طُلِّقَتْ»","vol":"11","page":199},{"text":"١٥٢٦٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: «الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ مَاتَ، وَالْمُطَلَّقَةُ مِنْ يَوْمِ طُلِّقَتْ»","vol":"11","page":199},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1057>بَابُ عِدَّةِ الْأَمَةِ</span>","vol":"11","page":200},{"text":"١٥٢٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، مَوْلَى آلِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «يَنْكِحُ الْعَبْدُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ وَيُطَلِّقُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ وَتَعْتَدُّ الْأَمَةُ حَيْضَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَحِيضُ فَشَهْرَيْنِ أَوْ شَهْرًا وَنِصْفًا». قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَكَانَ ثِقَةً","vol":"11","page":200},{"text":"١٥٢٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَوْسٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفَ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ: «لَوِ اسْتَطَعْتُ لَجَعَلْتُهَا حَيْضَةً وَنِصْفًا»، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: فَاجْعَلْهَا شَهْرًا وَنِصْفًا، فَسَكَتَ عُمَرُ","vol":"11","page":200},{"text":"١٥٢٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، «أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ لَهُ عَلَى أَنْ» لَا يَبِينَ الْحَمْلُ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ \".\n\n١٥٢٦٧ - وَحَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: شَهْرٌ وَنِصْفٌ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ عِدَّةِ الْحُرَّةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَذَا أَقْيَسُ وَالْأَوَّلُ أَحْوَطُ\n\n١٥٢٦٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيمَا مَضَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ ثَلَاثُ حِيَضٍ، وَعِدَّةُ الْأَمَةِ حَيْضَتَانِ»","vol":"11","page":201},{"text":"١٥٢٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ كَانَا يَقُولَانِ:  «عِدَّةُ الْأَمَةِ إِذَا هَلَكَ عَنْهَا زَوجُهَا شَهْرَانِ وَخَمْسُ لَيَالٍ».\n\n١٥٢٧٠ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"11","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1058>بَابُ عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ</span>","vol":"11","page":202},{"text":"١٥٢٧١ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٠].\n\n١٥٢٧٢ - قَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ: «حَفِظْتُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ آيِ الْمَوَارِيثِ، وَأَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ».\n\n١٥٢٧٣ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَكَانَ مَذْهَبُهُمْ أَنَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ لَهَا بِالْمَتَاعِ إِلَى الْحَوْلِ وَالسُّكْنَى مَنْسُوخَةٌ، يَعْنِي بِآيَةِ الْمِيرَاثِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَثْبَتَ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةَ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا لَيْسَ لَهَا بِالْخِيَارِ فِي الْخُرُوجِ مِنْهَا وَلَا النِّكَاحِ قَبْلَهَا.\n\n١٥٢٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي نَسْخِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٤]","vol":"11","page":202},{"text":"١٥٢٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْويِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، \" ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٠] فَنُسِخَ ذَلِكَ بِآيَةِ الْمِيرَاثِ بِمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ مِنَ الرُّبُعِ وَالثُّمُنِ، وَنُسِخَ أَجَلُ الْحَوْلِ بِأَنْ جُعِلَ أَجَلُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا \".\n\n١٥٢٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَا: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْوصَايَا: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ عِدَّتَهَا فِي الْوَفَاةِ كَانَتْ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ كَعِدَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَتْ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٤].\n\n١٥٢٧٧ - فَإِنْ كَانَ هَكَذَا فَقَدْ يُطْلَبُ عَنْهَا الْأَقْرَاءُ وَتَثْبُتُ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٍ مَنْصُوصَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٥٢٧٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ، إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا»، وَذَلِكَ السِّيَاقُ إِسْنَادُهُ وَمَتْنُهُ مَذْكُورٌ فِي بَابِ الْإِحْدَادِ ⦗٢٠٤⦘.\n\n١٥٢٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَدَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْحَوَامِلِ مِنَ الْأَزْوَاجِ وَأَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ وَالْوَفَاةَ فِي الْحَوَامِلِ الْمُعْتَدَّاتِ سَوَاءٌ، وَأَنَّ أَجَلَهُنَّ كُلَّهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ","vol":"11","page":203},{"text":"١٥٢٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: آخِرُ الْأَجَلَيْنِ، وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: إِذَا وَلَدَتْ فَقَدْ حَلَّتْ، فَدَخَلَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهَا، عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَتْ: وَلَدَتْ سُبَيْعَةُ الْأَسْلَمِيَّةُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا بِنِصْفِ شَهْرٍ فَخَطَبَهَا رَجُلَانِ، أَحَدُهُمَا شَابٌّ وَالْآخَرُ كَهْلٌ، فَحَطَّتْ إِلَى الشَّابِّ، فَقَالَ الْكَهْلُ: لَمْ تَحْلِلْ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُهَا غُيَّبًا، وَرَجَى إِذَا جَاءَ أَهْلُهَا أَنْ يُؤْثِرُوهُ، فَجَاءَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ:  «قَدْ حَلَلْتِ فَانْكِحِي مَنْ شِئْتِ»","vol":"11","page":204},{"text":"١٥٢٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبَا سَلَمَةَ اخْتَلَفَا فِي الْمَرْأَةِ تَنْفِسُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا بِلَيَالٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: آخِرُ الْأَجَلَيْنِ، وَقَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ: إِذَا نُفِسَتْ فَقَدْ حَلَّتْ قَالَ: فَجَاءَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا مَعَ ابْنِ أَخِي، يَعْنِي أَبَا سَلَمَةَ، فَبَعَثُوا كُرَيْبًا مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ يَسْأَلُهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَجَاءَهُمْ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: وَلَدَتْ سُبَيْعَةُ الْأَسْلَمِيَّةُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا بِلَيَالٍ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: «قَدْ حَلَلْتِ فَانْكِحِي» ⦗٢٠٥⦘. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"11","page":204},{"text":"١٥٢٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْمِسْورِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، «أَنَّ سُبَيْعَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيَّةَ» نُفِسَتْ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا بِلَيَالٍ، فَجَاءَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَأْذَنَتْهُ أَنْ تَنْكِحَ، فَأَذِنَ لَهَا \". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ قَزَعَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"11","page":205},{"text":"١٥٢٨٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ سُبَيْعَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ الْأَسْلَمِيَّةَ، وَضَعَتْ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا بِلَيَالٍ، فَمَرَّ بِهَا أَبُو السَّنَابِلِ بْنُ بَعْكَكٍ فَقَالَ: قَدْ تَصَنَّعْتِ لِلْأَزْوَاجِ: إِنَّهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا، فَذَكَرَتْ سُبَيْعَةُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ:  «كَذَبَ أَبُو السَّنَابِلِ - أَوْ لَيْسَ كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو السَّنَابِلِ - قَدْ حَلَلْتِ فَتَزَوَّجِي» ⦗٢٠٦⦘.\n\n١٥٢٨٤ - رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَرْقَمَ، يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَى سُبَيْعَةَ فَيَسْأَلَهَا عَنْ حَدِيثِهَا، فَذَكَرَهُ مَوْصُولًا. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"11","page":205},{"text":"١٥٢٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «إِذَا وَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا فَقَدْ حَلَّتْ»، فَأَخْبَرَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «لَوْ وَلَدَتْ وَزَوْجُهَا عَلَى السَّرِيرِ لَمْ يُدْفَنْ لَحَلَّتْ»","vol":"11","page":206},{"text":"١٥٢٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ:  «الْحَامِلُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا تَعْتَدُّ بِآخِرِ الْأَجَلَيْنِ».\n\n١٥٢٨٧ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ، وَإِنَّمَا رَغِبَ عَنْهُ بِمَا مَضَى مِنْ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّتِي هِيَ حُجَّةٌ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ","vol":"11","page":206},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1059>مَا جَاءَ فِي نَفَقَةِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا</span>","vol":"11","page":207},{"text":"١٥٢٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ لِلْمُتَوفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا نَفَقَةٌ، حَسْبُهَا الْمِيرَاثُ».\n\n١٥٢٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَاهُ أَيْضًا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٥٢٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَا: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٠] الْآيَةَ.\n\n١٥٢٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ فَرْضُ الزَّوْجَةِ أَنْ يُوصِي لَهَا الزَّوْجُ بِمَتَاعٍ إِلَى الْحَوْلِ، وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ خِلَافًا أَنَّ الْمَتَاعَ النَّفَقَةُ وَالْكِسْوَةُ وَالسُّكْنَى إِلَى الْحَوْلِ، وَثَبَتَ لَهَا السُّكْنَى فَقَالَ: ﴿غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٠] ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٠].\n\n١٥٢٩٢ - فَدَلَّ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى أَنَّهُنَّ إِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَى الْأَزْوَاجِ، لِأَنَّهُنَّ تَرَكْنَ مَا فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ، وَدَلَّ الْكِتَابُ إِذْ كَانَ السُّكْنَى لَهَا فَرْضًا فَتَرَكَتْ حَقَّهَا فِيهِ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ حَرَجًا، أَنَّ مَنْ تَرَكَ حَقَّهُ غَيْرَ مَمْنُوعٍ لَهُ لَمْ يُحَرَّجْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٢٠٨⦘.\n\n١٥٢٩٣ - ثُمَّ حَفِظْتُ عَنْ مَنْ أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ نَفَقَةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا وَكِسْوَتَهَا حَوْلًا مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِآيَةِ الْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٢] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٢] الْآيَةَ","vol":"11","page":207},{"text":"١٥٢٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَنْ، سَمِعَ الْحَكَمَ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِي صَادِقٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ نَاجِدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «الْحَامِلُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا لَهَا النَّفَقَةُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ»","vol":"11","page":208},{"text":"١٥٢٩٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الْحَامِلِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا: «لَهَا النَّفَقَةُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ».\n\n١٥٢٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَفِي كِلَا الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ انْقِطَاعٌ.\n\n١٥٢٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا مَاتَ الْمَيِّتُ وَجَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِأَهْلِهِ","vol":"11","page":208},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1060>بَابُ مُقَامِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ فِي بَيْتِهَا</span>","vol":"11","page":209},{"text":"١٥٢٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِي الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ: \" ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [الطلاق: ١].\n\n١٥٢٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «فَالْفَاحِشَةُ أَنْ تَبْذُوَ عَلَى أَهْلِ زَوْجِهَا فَتَأْتِيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا يُخَافُ الشِّقَاقَ بَيْنِهَا وَبَيْنِهِمْ، فَإِذَا فَعَلَتْ حَلَّ لَهُمْ إِخْرَاجُهَا، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يُنْزِلُوهَا مَنْزِلًا غَيْرَهُ»","vol":"11","page":209},{"text":"١٥٣٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: \" ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [النساء: ١٩] قَالَ: «أَنْ تَبْذُوَ عَلَى أَهْلِ زَوْجِهَا، فَإِذَا بَذَتْ فَقَدْ حَلَّ إِخْرَاجُهَا»","vol":"11","page":210},{"text":"١٥٣٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، كَانَتْ تَقُولُ: «اتَّقِي اللَّهَ يَا فَاطِمَةَ، فَقَدْ عَلِمْتِ فِي أَيِّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"11","page":210},{"text":"١٥٣٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، مَوْلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَمْرِو بْنِ حَفْصٍ طَلَّقَهَا الْبَتَّةَ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ بِالشَّامِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا وَكِيلَهُ بِشَعِيرٍ فَسَخِطَتْهُ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَالَكِ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ، فَجَاءَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ:  «لَيْسَ لَكِ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَةٌ». وَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّ شَرِيكٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «تِلْكَ امْرَأَةٌ يَغْشَاهَا أَصْحَابِي، فَاعْتَدِّي عِنْدَ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ أَعْمَى تَضَعِينَ ثِيَابَكِ»","vol":"11","page":210},{"text":"١٥٣٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهَا تَذْكُرُ أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ طَلَّقَ ابْنَةَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ الْبَتَّةَ، فَانْتَقَلَهَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَتْ: «اتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَا مَرْوَانَ وَارْدُدِ الْمَرْأَةَ إِلَى بَيْتِهَا»، فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ فِي حَدِيثِ الْقَاسِمِ: أَوَ مَا بَلَغَكِ شَأْنَ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ؟ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «لَا عَلَيْكَ أَلَّا تَذْكُرَ مِنْ شَأْنِ فَاطِمَةَ» فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا بِكِ الشَّرُّ فَحَسْبُكِ مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ مِنَ الشَّرِّ","vol":"11","page":211},{"text":"١٥٣٠٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ أَعْلَمِ أَهْلِهَا، فَرُفِعْتُ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَبْتُوتَةِ، فَقَالَ: «تَعْتَدُّ فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا»، قُلْتُ: فَأَيْنَ حَدِيثُ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ؟ فَقَالَ: «هَاهْ، وَوَصَفَ أَنَّهُ تَغَيَّظَ»، وَقَالَ: فَتَنَتْ فَاطِمَةُ النَّاسَ، كَانَتْ لِلِسَانِهَا ذَرَابَةٌ، فَاسْتَطَالَتْ عَلَى أَحْمَائِهَا، فَأَمَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ \"","vol":"11","page":211},{"text":"١٥٣٠٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَةَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، «فَطَلَّقَهَا الْبَتَّةَ فَخَرَجَتْ، فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ».\n\n١٥٣٠٦ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: فَعَائِشَةُ، وَمَرْوَانُ، وَابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَعْرِفُونَ أَنَّ حَدِيثَ، فَاطِمَةَ فِي أَنَّ ⦗٢١٢⦘ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، كَمَا حُدِّثْتُ وَيَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ لِلشَّرِّ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ تَبْيِينَ اسْتِطَالَتِهَا عَلَى أَحْمَائِهَا، وَيَكْرَهُ لَهَا ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَغَيْرُهُ أَنَّهَا كَتَمَتْ فِي حَدِيثِهَا السَّبَبَ خَوْفًا أَنْ يَسْمَعَ ذَلِكَ سَامِعٌ، فَيَرَى أَنَّ لِلْمَبْتُوتَةِ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ.\n\n١٥٣٠٧ - قَالَ: وَسُنَّتُهُ ﷺ فِي فَاطِمَةَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَا تَأَوَّلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [النساء: ١٩] هُوَ الْبَذَاءُ عَلَى أَهْلِ زَوْجِهَا كَمَا تَأَوَّلَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اعْتَدِّي حَيْثُ شِئْتِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ حَصَّنَهَا حَيْثُ رَضِيَ، إِذْ كَانَ زَوْجُهَا غَائِبًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَكِيلٌ بِتَحْصِينِهَا","vol":"11","page":211},{"text":"١٥٣٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: لَقَدْ عَابَتْ عَائِشَةُ أَشَدَّ الْعَيْبِ، يَعْنِي حَدِيثَ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ وَقَالَتْ: «إِنْ فَاطِمَةَ كَانَتْ فِي مَكَانٍ وَحِشٍ فَخِيفَ عَلَى نَاحِيَتِهَا، فَلِذَلِكَ أَرْخَصَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٣٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ يَكُونُ هَذَا وَيَكُونُ مَا رُوِّينَا مِنْ بَذَائِهَا عَلَى أَهْلِ زَوْجِهَا، وَبِأَيِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذَيْنِ الْعُذْرَيْنِ يَجُوزُ إِخْرَاجُهَا وَتَحْصِينُهَا فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":212},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1061>سُكْنَى الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا</span>","vol":"11","page":213},{"text":"١٥٣١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ كَعْبٍ، أَنَّ الْفُرَيْعَةَ بِنْتِ مَالِكِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، أَخْبَرَتْهَا أَنَّهَا جَاءَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فِي بَنِي خُدْرَةَ فَإِنَّ زَوْجَهَا خَرَجَ فِي طَلَبِ أَعْبُدٍ لَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِطَرَفِ الْقَدُومِ لَحِقَهُمْ فَقَتَلُوهُ، فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِي، فَإِنَّ زَوْجِي لَمْ يَتْرُكْنِي فِي مَسْكَنٍ يَمْلِكُهُ قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ» فَانْصَرَفْتُ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي الْحُجْرَةِ أَوْ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ دَعَانِي أَوْ أَمَرَ بِي فَدُعِيتُ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: «فَكَيْفَ قُلْتِ؟» فَرَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ الَّتِي ذَكَرْتُ مِنْ شَأْنِ زَوْجِي فَقَالَ: «امْكُثِي فِي بَيْتِكِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ» قَالَ: فَاعْتَدَدْتُ فِيهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عُثْمَانُ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَاتَّبَعَهُ وَقَضَى بِهِ.\n\n١٥٣١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، وَالرَّبِيعُ قَالَا: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَقَدْ أَعْلَمُ مُخَالِفًا فِيمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ نَسْخِ نَفَقَةِ ⦗٢١٤⦘ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا وَكِسْوَتِهَا سَنَةً وَأَقَلَّ مِنْ سَنَةٍ، ثُمَّ احْتَمَلَ سُكْنَاهَا إِذَا كَانَ مَذْكُورًا مَعَ نَفَقَتِهَا بِأَنَّهُ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ الْمَتَاعِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْسُوخًا فِي السَّنَةِ وَأَقَلَّ مِنْهَا، كَمَا كَانَتِ النَّفَقَةُ وَالْكِسْوَةُ مَنْسُوخَتَيْنِ فِي السَّنَةِ وَأَقَلَّ، وَاحْتَمَلَتْ أَنْ يَكُونَ نُسِخَتْ فِي السُّنَّةِ وَأُثْبِتَتْ فِي عِدَّةِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ بِأَصْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، أَوْ أَنْ يَكُونَ دَاخَلَهُ فِي جُمْلَةِ الْمُعْتَدَّاتِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ: ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ﴾ [الطلاق: ١].\n\n١٥٣١٢ - فَلَمَّا فَرَضَ فِي الْمُعْتَدَّةِ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ وَالسُّكْنَى، وَكَانَتِ الْمُعْتَدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى فِي مَعْنَاهَا احْتَمَلَتْ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ لَهَا السُّكْنَى وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ هَكَذَا فَفَرَضَ السُّكْنَى لَهَا فِي السُّنَّةِ.\n\n١٥٣١٣ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَوْلِ الثَّانِي فِي كِتَابِ الْعِدَدِ فِي الِاخْتِيَارِ لِوَرَثَتِهِ أَنْ يُسْكِنُوهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَقَدْ مُلِّكُوا الْمَالَ دُونَهُ.\n\n١٥٣١٤ - وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «امْكُثِي فِي بَيْتِكِ» يَحْتَمِلُ مَا لَمْ تَخْرُجِي مِنْهُ إِنْ كَانَ لِغَيْرِكِ، لِأَنَّهَا قَدْ وَصَفَتْ أَنَّ الْمَنْزِلَ لَيْسَ لِزَوْجِهَا","vol":"11","page":213},{"text":"١٥٣١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" نَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عِدَّتَهَا فِي أَهْلِهِ تَعْتَدُّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٠] \". قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْمِيرَاثُ فَنَسَخَ السُّكْنَى، فَتَعْتَدُّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ وَلَا سُكْنَى لَهَا","vol":"11","page":214},{"text":"١٥٣١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، «أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ» يُرَحِّلُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا لَا يَنْتَظِرُ بِهَا \" وَفِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: «نَقَلَ عَلِيٌّ أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ عُمَرَ بِسَبْعِ لَيَالٍ».\n\n١٥٣١٧ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n١٥٣١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فِي الْجَامِعِ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ فِي دَارِ الْإِمَارَةِ.\n\n١٥٣١٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُخْرِجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَهِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا مِنْ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا، وَقِيلَ: كَانَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ، فَلِذَلِكَ أَحَجَّتْ بِأُخْتِهَا حِينَ قُتِلَ طَلْحَةُ\n\n١٥٣٢٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى وُجُوبِ السُّكْنَى لَهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":215},{"text":"١٥٣٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الْبَدَوِيَّةِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا:  «أَنَّهَا تَنْتَوِي حَيْثُ يَنْتَوِي أَهْلُهَا».\n\n١٥٣٢٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وعَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، مِثْلَهُ أَوْ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ لَا يُخَالِفُهُ","vol":"11","page":215},{"text":"١٥٣٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ \" الْمَرْأَةِ يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا فِي بَيْتٍ بِكِرَاءٍ عَلَى مَنِ الْكِرَاءِ؟ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ: «عَلَى زَوْجِهَا» قَالَ: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَ زَوْجِهَا؟ قَالَ: «فَعَلَيْهَا» قَالَ: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهَا؟ قَالَ: «فَعَلَى الْأَمِيرِ».\n\n١٥٣٢٤ - أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا لِمَالِكٍ فِي خِلَافِ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ، وَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"11","page":216},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1062>كَيْفَ السُّكْنَى</span>؟","vol":"11","page":217},{"text":"١٥٣٢٥ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ مَنْ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى الْعِلْمِ فِي الْمُطَلَّقَةِ أَنَّهَا لَا تَخْرُجُ لَيْلًا وَلَا نَهَارًا بِحَالٍ إِلَّا مِنْ عُذْرٍ، وَلَوْ فَعَلَتْ هَذَا كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ، وَإِنَّمَا مَنَعَنَا مِنْ إِيجَابِ هَذَا عَلَيْهَا مَعَ احْتِمَالِ الْآيَةِ لِمَا ذَهَبْنَا إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَجِيدِ أَخْبَرَنَا أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: طُلِّقَتْ خَالَتِي، فَأَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَجِدَ نَخْلًا لَهَا، فَزَجَرَهَا رَجُلٌ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ، فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «بَلَى فَجُدِّي نَخْلَكِ فَلَعَلَّكِ أَنْ تَصَدَّقِي أَوْ تَفْعَلِي مَعْرُوفًا»","vol":"11","page":217},{"text":"١٥٣٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: طُلِّقَتْ خَالَتِي، فَأَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَجِدَ نَخْلَهَا، فَزَجَرَهَا رَجُلٌ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ، فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «بَلَى» فَجُدِّي نَخْلَكِ، فَإِنَّكِ عَسَى أَنْ تَصَدَّقِي أَوْ تَفْعَلِي مَعْرُوفًا \" ⦗٢١٨⦘.\n\n١٥٣٢٧ - وأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ.\n\n١٥٣٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: نَخْلُ الْأَنْصَارِ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ مَنَازِلِهِمْ، وَالْجِدَادُ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ نَهَارًا","vol":"11","page":217},{"text":"١٥٣٢٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: اسْتُشْهِدَ رِجَالٌ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَآمَ نِسَاؤُهُمْ وَكُنَّ مُتَجَاوِرَاتٍ فِي دَارٍ، فَجِئْنَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقُلْنَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَسْتَوْحِشُ بِاللَّيْلِ فَنَبِيتُ عِنْدَ إِحْدَانَا، فَإِذَا أَصْبَحْنَا تَبَدَّدْنَا إِلَى بُيُوتِنَا؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «تَحَدَّثْنَ عِنْدَ إِحْدَاكُنَّ مَا بَدَا لَكِنَّ، فَإِذَا أَرَدْتُنَّ النَّوْمَ فَلْتَأْتِ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْكُنَّ إِلَى بَيْتِهَا»","vol":"11","page":218},{"text":"١٥٣٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يَصْلُحُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ تَبِيتَ لَيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً إِذَا كَانَتْ فِي عِدَّةِ وَفَاةٍ أَوْ طَلَاقٍ إِلَّا فِي بَيْتِهَا»","vol":"11","page":218},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1063>بَابُ الْإِحْدَادِ</span>","vol":"11","page":219},{"text":"١٥٣٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ الثَّلَاثَةَ ⦗٢٢٠⦘. قَالَ: قَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، فَدَعَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ بِطِيبٍ فِيهِ صُفْرَةُ خَلُوقٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، فَدَهَنَتْ مِنْهُ جَارِيَةً، ثُمَّ مَسَحَتْ بِعَارِضِهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ مَالِي بِالطِّيبِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ، إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا» وَقَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ أَخُوهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، فَدَعَتْ بِطِيبٍ، فَمَسَّتْ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: مَا لِي بِالطِّيبِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا» قَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: وَسَمِعَتْ أُمِّي أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ تَقُولُ: جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ ابْنَتِي تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَقَدِ اشْتَكَتْ عَيْنَهَا أَفَتَكْحَلُهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا» مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ: «لَا» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ تَرْمِي بِالْبَعْرَةِ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْحَوْلِ». قَالَ حُمَيْدٌ: فَقُلْتُ لِزَيْنَبَ: وَمَا تَرْمِي بِالْبَعْرَةِ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْحَوْلِ؟ فَقَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: «كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا دَخَلَتْ حِفْشًا ولَبِسَتْ شَرَّ ثِيَابِهَا وَلَمْ تَمَسَّ طَيِّبًا وَلَا شَيْئًا حَتَّى تَمُرَّ بِهَا سَنَةٌ، ثُمَّ تُؤْتَى بِدَابَّةٍ حِمَارٍ أَوْ شَاةٍ أَوْ طَيْرٍ فَتَفْتَضُّ بِهِ، فَقَلَّمَا تَفْتَضُّ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا مَاتَ، ثُمَّ تَخْرُجُ فَتُعْطَى بَعْرَةً فَتَرْمِي بِهَا، ثُمَّ تُرَاجِعُ بَعْدُ مَا شَاءَتْ مِنْ طَيِّبٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ». أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٢٢١⦘.\n\n١٥٣٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمْ: الْحِفْشُ: الْبَيْتُ الصَّغِيرُ الذَّلِيلُ مِنَ الشَّعْرِ وَالْبِنَاءِ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَالْقَبْضُ: أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنَ الدَّابَّةِ مَوْضِعًا بِأَطْرَافِ أَصَابِعَهَا، وَالْقَبْضُ: الْأَخْذُ بِالْكَفِّ كُلِّهَا.\n\n١٥٣٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، تَفْتَضُّ قَالَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ: هُوَ مِنْ فَضَضَتِ الشَّيْءَ إِذَا كَسَرْتَهُ أَوْ فَرَّقَتْهُ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُمْ: فُضَّ خَاتَمُ الْكِتَابِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: لَا تَفُضُّوا مَنْ حَوْلَكَ، وأَرَادَتْ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَكُونُ فِي عِدَّةٍ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا، فَتَكْسَرُ مَا كَانَتْ مِنْهُ وتَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ بِالدَّابَّةِ.\n\n١٥٣٣٤ - وَقَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ: \" تَفْتَضُّ بِهِ: مَأْخُوذٌ مِنَ الْفِضَّةِ، أَيْ فَتَطِيرُ بِهِ، شَبَّهَ ذَلِكَ بِالْفِضَّةِ لِصَفَائِهَا \"","vol":"11","page":219},{"text":"١٥٣٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَحَفْصَةَ، أَوْ عَائِشَةَ أَوْ حَفْصَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا».\n\n١٥٣٣٦ - أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ هَكَذَا بِالشَّكٍّ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِلَا شَكٍّ ⦗٢٢٢⦘\n١٥٣٣٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ قَالَتْ: لَمَّا أُصِيبَ جَعْفَرٌ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «تَسَلَّبِي ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ اصْنَعِي مَا شِئْتِ»\n\n١٥٣٣٨ - فَلَمْ يَثْبُتُ سَمَاعُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَسْمَاءَ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَتْ: فَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي إِحْدَادِهَا ثَابِتٌ، فَالْمَصِيرُ إِلَيْهِ أَوْلَى، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"11","page":221},{"text":"١٥٣٣٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةِ قَالَتْ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُحِدُّ الْمَرْأَةُ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثَةٍ إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجِهَا، فَإِنَّهَا تُحِدُّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا، وَلَا تَلْبَسُ ثَوْبًا مَصْبُوغًا إِلَّا ثَوْبَ عَصْبٍ، وَلَا تَكْتَحِلُ، وَلَا تَخْتَضِبُ، وَلَا تَمَسُّ طَيِّبًا إِلَى أَدْنَى طُهْرَتِهَا إِذَا تَطَهَّرَتْ مِنْ حَيْضَتِهَا نُبْذَةً مِنْ قُسْطِ أَوْ أَظْفَارٍ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ.\n\n١٥٣٤٠ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «وَلَا ثَوْبَ عَصْبٍ»، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ، وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِيمَا لَا تَلْبَسُهُ: وَالْعَصْبُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ إِلَّا عَصْبًا غَلِيظًا، وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ أَقْرَبُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"11","page":222},{"text":"١٥٣٤١ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا لَا تَلْبَسُ الْمُعَصْفَرَ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ، وَلَا الْمُمَشَّقَةَ، وَلَا الْحُلِيَّ، وَلَا تَخْتَضِبُ، وَلَا تَكْتَحِلُ». حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بُدَيْلُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ، وَرُوِيَ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ","vol":"11","page":223},{"text":"١٥٣٤٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَهِيَ حَادٌّ عَلَى أَبِي سَلَمَةَ فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذَا يَا أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ؟» فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ صَبْرٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اجْعَلِيهِ بِاللَّيْلِ وَامْسَحِيهِ بِالنَّهَارِ».\n\n١٥٣٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الصَّبْرُ يُصَفَّرُ فَتَكُونُ زِينَةً وَلَيْسَ بِطِيبٍ، وأَذِنَ لَهَا أَنْ تَجْعَلَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ حَيْثُ لَا يُرَى وتَمْسَحَهُ بِالنَّهَارِ.\n\n١٥٣٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا، عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنْ أُمِّ حَكِيمٍ بِنْتِ أُسَيْدٍ، عَنْ أُمِّهَا، أَنَّهَا أَرْسَلَتْ مَوْلَاةً لَهَا إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ ذَلِكَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"11","page":223},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1064>بَابُ اجْتِمَاعِ الْعِدَّتَيْنِ</span>","vol":"11","page":224},{"text":"١٥٣٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗٢٢٥⦘، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ طُلَيْحَةَ، كَانَتْ تَحْتَ رُشَيْدٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، فَطَلَّقَهَا الْبَتَّةَ، فَنُكِحَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا، فَضَرَبَهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَضَرَبَ زَوْجَهَا بِالْمِخْفَقَةِ ضَرَبَاتٍ وفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ:  «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا فَإِنْ كَانَ زَوْجُهَا الَّذِي تَزَوَّجَهَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، ثُمَّ اعْتَدَّتْ بَقِيَّةَ عِدَّتِهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ، وَكَانَ خَاطِبًا مِنَ الْخُطَّابِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، ثُمَّ اعْتَدَّتْ بَقِيَّةَ عِدَّتِهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ اعْتَدَّتْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْكِحْهَا أَبَدًا» ⦗٢٢٦⦘.\n\n١٥٣٤٦ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: وَلَهَا مَهْرُهَا بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْهَا.\n\n١٥٣٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ يَقُولُ بِقَضَاءِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِيهِمَا وَيَقُولُ: لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا إِذَا دَخَلَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ فَقَالَ: وبِقَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ نَقُولُ: أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ خَاطِبًا مِنَ الْخَطَّابِ.\n\n١٥٣٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، وَهُوَ فِي الْجَامِعِ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وجَعَلَ لَهَا مَهْرَهَا وجَعَلَهُمَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ","vol":"11","page":224},{"text":"١٥٣٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، «أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِي الَّتِي تُزَوَّجُ فِي عِدَّتِهَا أَنَّهُ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَلَهَا الصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا، وتُكْمِلُ مَا أَفْسَدَتْ مِنْ عِدَّةِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَتَعْتَدُّ مِنَ الْآخَرِ»","vol":"11","page":226},{"text":"١٥٣٥٠ - وأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَطَاءٌ، «أَنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَاعْتَدَّتْ مِنْهُ حَتَّى إِذَا بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ عِدَّتِهَا نَكَحَهَا رَجُلٌ فِي آخِرِ عِدَّتِهَا جَهِلًا ذَلِكَ وبَنَى بِهَا، فَأُتِيَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ عِدَّتِهَا الْأُولَى، ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ هَذَا عِدَّةً مُسْتَقْبَلَةً، فَإِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا فَهِيَ بِالْخِيَارِ، إِنْ شَاءَتْ نُكِحَتْ، وَإِنْ شَاءَتْ فَلَا»","vol":"11","page":226},{"text":"١٥٣٥١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ فِي الَّتِي تُزَوَّجُ فِي عِدَّتِهَا: «تُتِمُّ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ عِدَّتِهَا مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ، وتَسْتَأْنِفُ مِنَ الْآخَرِ عِدَّةً جَدِيدَةً».\n\n١٥٣٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَذَلِكَ نَقُولُ، وَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ لَمَّا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَيُخَالِفُونَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n١٥٣٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَقِيلَ هَذَا قَضَاءُ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وغَيْرِهِمْ كَمَا قُلْنَا، فَعَنْ مَنْ أَخَذْتَ قَوْلَكَ؟ قَالَ: عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قُلْنَا: أَوَمَا زَعَمْتَ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَحْدَهُ لَا يَكُونُ حَجَّةً، فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ حَجَّةً عَلَى مَنْ زَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأُمَّةِ خِلَافُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُكَ وقَوْلُنَا فِي الْوَاحِدِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"11","page":227},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1065>أَقَلُّ الْحَمْلِ وأَكْثَرُهُ</span>","vol":"11","page":228},{"text":"١٥٣٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَصَّافِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرْبِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ الدِّيلِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، رُفِعَتْ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَدَتْ لِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَأَمَرَ بِرَجْمِهَا، فَأُتِيَ عَلِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: «لَا رَجَمَ عَلَيْهَا»، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: \" لَا رَجَمَ عَلَيْهَا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣] وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا﴾ [الأحقاف: ١٥] سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ وحَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ تَمَامٌ لَا رَجَمَ عَلَيْهَا، فَخَلَّى عَنْهَا عُمَرُ ⦗٢٢٩⦘.\n\n١٥٣٥٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ أَقَلَّ، الْحَمْلِ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ. وَبِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ","vol":"11","page":228},{"text":"١٥٣٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ: إِنِّي حُدِّثْتُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «لَا تَزِيدُ الْمَرْأَةُ فِي حَمْلِهَا عَلَى سَنَتَيْنِ قَدْرَ ظِلِّ الْمِغْزَلِ» فَقَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ يَقُولُ هَذَا؟ هَذِهِ جَارَتُنَا امْرَأَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، امْرَأَةُ صِدْقٍ وَزَوْجُهَا رَجُلُ صِدْقٍ، حَمَلَتْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَبْطُنٍ فِي اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، تَحْمِلُ كُلَّ بَطْنٍ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ. أَخْبَرَنِيهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ يَقُولُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٣٥٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَوْلُ عُمَرَ فِي امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ: تَرَبَّصُ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ، يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ لِبَقَاءِ الْحَمْلِ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ.\n\n١٥٣٥٨ - وَإِلَيْهِ فِي أَكْثَرِ الْحَمْلِ ذَهَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"11","page":229},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1066>بَابُ عِدَّةِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ يَمْلِكُ زَوْجُهَا رَجْعَتَهَا، ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ أَوْ يُطَلِّقُ</span>\n١٥٣٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمَوْتِ: \" اعْتَدَّتْ عِدَّةَ الْوَفَاةِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا قَوْلَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّهَا تَعْتَدُّ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ الْأَخِيرِ عِدَّةً مُسْتَقْبِلَةً، وَالثَّانِي أَنَّ الْعِدَّةَ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ الْأَوَّلِ مَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا \"","vol":"11","page":230},{"text":"١٥٣٦٠ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا الشَّعْثَاءِ، يَقُولُ: «تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ طَلَّقَهَا».\n\n١٥٣٦١ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَعَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ، وَطَاوُسٌ، وَحَسَنُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ يَقُولُونَ: «تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ طَلَّقَهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَسَّهَا».\n\n١٥٣٦٢ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: يَقُولُونَ: «طَلَاقُهُ الْآخَرُ».\n\n١٥٣٦٣ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ رَأْيَ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"11","page":230},{"text":"١٥٣٦٤ - وَعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ:  «أَرَى أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ مِنْ يَوْمِ طَلَّقَهَا».\n\n١٥٣٦٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، وَذَكَرَ عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ، وَحَسَنَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ، وَطَاوُسًا.\n\n١٥٣٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قَالَ هَذَا بَعْضُ الْمَشْرِقِيِّينَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالتَّفْسِيرِ أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣١] إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ، كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ مَا شَاءَ بِلَا وَقْتٍ، فَيُمْهِلُ الْمَرْأَةَ حَتَّى إِذَا شَارَفَتِ انْقِضَاءَ عِدَّتِهَا رَاجَعَهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا، فَإِذَا شَارَفَتِ انْقِضَاءَ عِدَّتِهَا رَاجَعَهَا، فَنَزَلَ: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩].\n\n١٥٣٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ، ثُمَّ ارْتَجَعَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا كَانَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ فَعَمَدَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى امْرَأَتَيْنِ فَطَلَّقَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا شَارَفَتِ انْقِضَاءَ عِدَّتِهَا ارْتَجَعَهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا آوِيكِ إِلَيَّ وَلَا تَحِلِّينَ أَبَدًا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩] فَاسْتَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ الطَّلَاقَ جَدِيدًا مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ طَلَّقَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يُطَلِّقْ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ تَوْجِيهَ الْقَوْلَيْنِ ⦗٢٣٢⦘.\n\n١٥٣٦٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: تَعْتَدُّ بَاقِي عِدَّتِهَا، وَتَلَا: ﴿وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧]","vol":"11","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1067>بَابُ امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ</span>","vol":"11","page":233},{"text":"١٥٣٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَسَدِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ: «أَنَّهَا لَا تَتَزَوَّجُ»","vol":"11","page":233},{"text":"١٥٣٧٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ هُشَيْمِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ سَيَّارٍ أَبِي الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، «فِي امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ إِذَا قَدِمَ وَقَدْ تَزَوَّجَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ وَلَا تُخَيَّرُ».\n\n١٥٣٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَيَّارٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n١٥٣٧٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"11","page":234},{"text":"١٥٣٧٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «إِذَا فَقَدَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجَهَا لَمْ تُزَوَّجْ حَتَّى تَعْلَمَ أَمَرَهُ»","vol":"11","page":234},{"text":"١٥٣٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ فَقَدَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَمْ تَدْرِ أَيْنَ هُوَ فَإِنَّهَا تَنْتَظِرُ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ تَنْتَظِرُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا».\n\n١٥٣٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْحَدِيثُ الثَّابِتُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ فِي امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ بِمِثْلِ مَا رَوَى مَالِكٌ وَزِيَادَةٍ، فَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَدِمَ زَوْجُهَا الْمَفْقُودُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا ⦗٢٣٥⦘ زَوْجُهَا الْآخَرُ كَانَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا، وَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا الْآخَرُ، فَالْأَوَّلُ الْمَفْقُودُ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَالْمَهْرِ.\n\n١٥٣٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِزِيَادَتِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ عُثْمَانُ بَعْدَ عُمَرَ","vol":"11","page":234},{"text":"١٥٣٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، قَالَ:  «لَوْلَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ خَيَّرَ الْمَفْقُودَ بَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَالصَّدَاقِ لَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِهَا إِذَا جَاءَ».\n\n١٥٣٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ قَالَ بِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ فِي الْمَفْقُودِ قَالَ بِهَذَا كُلِّهِ اتِّبَاعًا لِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَنَا، يُرِيدُ مَالِكًا قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُ مَنْ يُنْكِرُ مَا قَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، يَعْنِي فِي التَّخْيِيرِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا مَنْ يُنْكِرُ قَضِيَّةَ عُمَرَ كُلَّهَا فِي الْمَفْقُودِ، فَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَنَّ الثِّقَاتِ إِذَا حُمِّلُوا ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ لَمْ يُتَّهَمُوا، فَكَذَلِكَ الْحُجَّةُ عَلَيْكَ، وَكَيْفَ جَازَ أَنْ يَرْوِيَ الثِّقَاتُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ حَدِيثًا وَاحِدًا، فَنَأْخُذُ بَعْضَهُ وَنَدَعُ بَعْضَهُ\n\n١٥٣٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ «امْرَأَةٌ ابْتُلِيَتْ فَلْتَصْبِرْ، لَا تَنْكِحُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهَا يَقِينُ مَوْتِهِ».\n\n١٥٣٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ: لَا تَنْكِحُ امْرَأَةُ الْمَفْقُودِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهَا يَقِينُ مَوْتِهِ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ لَهَا الْعِدَّةَ وَالْمِيرَاثَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا جُعِلَ لَهَا الْعِدَّةُ فِي يَقِينِ الْمَوْتِ، كَمَا جُعِلَ لَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ فِي يَقِينِهِ، لَا يَكُونُ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ وَلَا تَرِثَ ⦗٢٣٦⦘.\n\n١٥٣٨١ - قَالَ: وَحَدِيثُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْقُرُ عِنْدَ عَجُزِ أَحَدِكُمْ حَتَّى يُخَيَّلَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَحْدَثَ، فَلَا يَنْصَرِفُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ صَوْتًا أَوْ يَجِدَ رِيحًا»، فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى يَقِينٍ مِنَ الطَّهَارَةِ فَلَا يُزِيلُ يَقِينَ الطَّهَارَةِ إِلَّا بِيَقِينِ الْحَدَثِ، فَكَذَلِكَ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَهَا زَوْجٌ بِيَقِينٍ، فَلَا يُزِيلُ نِكَاحَهَا بِالشَّكِّ، وَلَا يُزِيلُهُ إِلَّا بِيَقِينِ مَوْتٍ أَوْ طَلَاقٍ","vol":"11","page":235},{"text":"١٥٣٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ الْمَازِنِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ» الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْقُرُ عِنْدَ عَجُزِ أَحَدِكُمْ حَتَّى يُخَيَّلَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَحْدَثَ فَلَا يَتَوَضَّأُ حَتَّى يَجِدُ رِيحًا يَعْرِفُهُ أَوْ صَوْتًا يَسْمَعُهُ \".\n\n١٥٣٨٣ - وَقَدْ مَضَى مَعْنَى هَذَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَبَّادٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ دُونَ ذِكْرِ الشَّيْطَانِ فِيهِ\n\n١٥٣٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَعَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، «إِذَا جَاءَ الْأَوَّلُ خُيِّرَ بَيْنَ الصَّدَاقِ الْأَخِيرِ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ» ⦗٢٣٧⦘ وَرِوَايَاتُ خِلَاسٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَأَبُو الْمَلِيحِ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ. إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مَجْهُولَةٍ غَيْرِ مَعْرُوفَةٍ بِمَا يَثْبُتُ بِهِ حَدِيثُهَا، وَفِي حَدِيثِهَا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ نُعِيَ إِلَيْهَا زَوْجُهَا، وَالْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَا قَدَّمْنَا ذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٣٨٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي قَضَيْتِهِ: أَنَّ وَلِيَّ زَوْجِهَا يُطَلِّقُهَا بَعْدَ أَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ.\n\n١٥٣٨٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، نَحْوُ رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ","vol":"11","page":236},{"text":"١٥٣٨٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا الْأَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمَفْقُودِ، لِأَنَّهَا حَبَسَتْ نَفْسَهَا عَلَيْهِ».\n\n١٥٣٨٨ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «لِسَنَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ زَوْجُهَا قَضَتْ مِنْ مَالِهِ، فَإِنْ مَاتَ قَضَتْ مِنْ نَصِيبِهَا مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ، وَقَالَا جَمِيعًا لَا يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ مَالِ زَوْجِهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا»\n\n١٥٣٨٩ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بَعْضَ الْآثَارِ الَّتِي رُوِيَتْ فِي مَنْعِ الضَّرَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَأَحْسَبُ قَضَاءَ عُمَرَ فِي امْرَأَةِ الْمَفْقُودِ مِنْ بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْوجُوهِ الَّتِي مَنَعَ فِيهَا الضَّرَرَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا كَانَ الضَّرَرُ عَلَيْهَا أَبْيَنَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِذَا جَاءَتِ الضَّرُورَاتُ فَحُكْمُهَا مُخَالِفٌ حُكْمَ غَيْرِ الضَّرُورَاتِ لَمْ أَجِدْ لَهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي هَذَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":237},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1068>بَابُ اسْتِبْرَاءِ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ</span>","vol":"11","page":238},{"text":"١٥٣٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا: «تَعْتَدُّ بِحَيْضَةٍ».\n\n١٥٣٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: لَا تَلْبِسُوا عَلَيْنَا سُنَّةَ نَبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فِي أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا: «عِدَّتُهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا».\n\n١٥٣٩٢ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ النَّضْرِ الْحَرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَمَطَرٍ.\n\n١٥٣٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ غُنْدَرٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: نَبِيِّنَا ⦗٢٣٩⦘. قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارُقُطْنِيُّ، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ عَنْهُ: قَبِيصَةُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَمْرٍو، وَالصَّوَابُ: لَا تَلْبِسُوا عَلَيْنَا دِينَنَا، مَوْقُوفٌ.","vol":"11","page":238},{"text":"١٥٣٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ».\n\n١٥٣٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ، وَقِيلَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":239},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1069>بَابُ اسْتِبْرَاءِ مَنْ مَلَكَ أَمَةً</span>\n١٥٣٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أَصْلُ الِاسْتِبْرَاءِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى عَامَ سَبْيِ أَوْطَاسٍ أَنْ تُوطَأَ حَامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ، أَوْ تُوطَأَ حَائِلٌ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ»","vol":"11","page":240},{"text":"١٥٣٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ قَيْسٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَدَّاكِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَصَبْنَا سَبَايَا يَوْمَ أَوْطَاسٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُوطَأُ حَامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا، وَلَا تُوطَأُ غَيْرُ حَامِلٍ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ حَيْضَةً». أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ.\n\n١٥٣٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِي اسْتِبْرَاءِ الْأَمَةِ لَا تَحِيضُ مِنْ صِغَرٍ أَوْ كِبَرٍ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: شَهْرٌ قِيَاسًا عَلَى الْحَيْضَةِ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ شَهْرٌ وَنِصْفٌ، وَلَيْسَ لِهَذَا وَجْهٌ هُوَ إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ شَهْرًا، وَإِمَّا مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ.\n\n١٥٣٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: اسْتِبْرَاءُ الْأَمَةِ شَهْرٌ إِذَا كَانَتْ مِمَّنْ لَا تَحِيضُ، قِيَاسًا عَلَى الْحَيْضَةِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَمْضِيَ أَثَرٌ بِخِلَافِهِ يُثْبِتُ مِثْلَهُ، فَالْأَثَرُ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُتَّبَعَ.\n\n١٥٤٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَا أَعْلَمُ فِي هَذَا أَثَرًا عَنْ مَنْ يَلْزَمُ قَوْلُهُ","vol":"11","page":240},{"text":"١٥٤٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ، «أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا لَا يَرَيَانِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَبِينُ إِلَّا بِثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ». وَبِهِ قَالَ طَاوُسٌ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ","vol":"11","page":241},{"text":"١٥٤٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «عِدَّةُ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ». وَبِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ وَالشَّعْبِيُّ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ وَالْجَمَاعَةُ. وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ اخْتُلِعَتْ مِنْهُ، «فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِدَّتَهَا حَيْضَةً».\n\n١٥٤٠٣ - حَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ وَرُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٥٤٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قِصَّةِ بَرِيرَةَ حِينَ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةَ الْحُرَّةِ","vol":"11","page":241},{"text":"١٥٤٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَبَّانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ» جَعَلَ عِدَّةَ بَرِيرَةَ حِينَ فَارَقَهَا زَوْجُهَا عِدَّةَ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ \"","vol":"11","page":241},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1070>٢٦ - كِتَابُ الرَّضَاعِ</span>","vol":"11","page":243},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1071>بَابُ الرَّضَاعِ</span>","vol":"11","page":245},{"text":"١٥٤٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣].\n\n١٥٤٠٧ - فَاحْتَمَلَ إِذْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَحْرِيمَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأُخْتِ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ فَأَقَامَهُمَا فِي التَّحْرِيمِ مَقَامَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأُخْتِ مِنَ النَّسَبِ أَنْ تَكُونَ الرَّضَاعَةُ كُلُّهَا تَقُومُ مَقَامَ النَّسَبِ، فَمَا حُرِّمَ بِالنَّسَبِ حُرِّمَ بِالرَّضَاعِ مِثْلَهُ، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ بِدَلَالَةِ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْقِيَاسِ عَلَى الْقُرْآنِ","vol":"11","page":245},{"text":"١٥٤٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَخْبَرَتْهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ عِنْدَهَا وَأَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ صَوْتَ رَجُلٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُ فِي بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا رَجُلٌ يَسْتَأْذِنُ فِي بَيْتِكَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أُرَاهُ فُلَانًا» لِعَمِّ حَفْصَةَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَ فُلَانٌ حَيًّا، لِعَمِّهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، أَيَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ، إِنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الْوِلَادَةِ» ⦗٢٤٦⦘. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"11","page":245},{"text":"١٥٤٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الْوِلَادَةِ»","vol":"11","page":246},{"text":"١٥٤١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: جَاءَ عَمِّي، أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، ابْنُ أَبِي الْقُعَيْسِ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيَّ بَعْدَمَا ضُرِبَ الْحِجَابُ، فَلَمْ آذَنْ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ عَمُّكِ فَلْيَلِجْ عَلَيْكِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٥٤١١ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَقَالُوا أَفْلَحَ أَخُو أَبِي قُعَيْسِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيْسَ هُوَ أَرْضَعَنِي، وَلَكِنْ أَرْضَعَتْنِي امْرَأَتُهُ؟ فَقَالَ: «ائْذَنِي لَهُ فَإِنَّهُ عَمُّكِ تَرِبَتْ يَمِينُكِ» قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: فَبِذَلِكَ كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تَقُولُ: حَرِّمُوا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا تُحَرِّمُونَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ ⦗٢٤٧⦘.\n\n١٥٤١٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَبُو الْقُعَيْسِ زَوْجُ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي أَرْضَعَتْ عَائِشَةَ، فَأَفْلَحَ أَخُو أَبِي الْقُعَيْسِ يَكُونُ عَمَّهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ.\n\n١٥٤١٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: \" لَا تَحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ.\n\n١٥٤١٤ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"11","page":246},{"text":"١٥٤١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ جُدْعَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يُحَدِّثُ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ لَكَ فِي ابْنَةِ عَمُّكَ ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ، فَإِنَّهَا أَجْمَلُ فَتَاةٍ فِي قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالَ: «أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ حَمْزَةَ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا حَرَّمَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ؟» ⦗٢٤٨⦘.\n\n١٥٤١٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي بِنْتِ حَمْزَةَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ.\n\n١٥٤١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَدِيثُ فِي ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\nوَرَوَاهُ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\n١٥٤١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ، مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.\n\n١٥٤١٩ - وَقَوْلُهُ: وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا حَرَّمَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فِي قِصَّةِ ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ.\n\n١٥٤٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَفِي نَفْسِ السَّنَةِ أَنَّهُ يَحْرُمُ مِنَ ⦗٢٤٩⦘ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الْوِلَادَةِ، وَأَنَّ لَبَنَ الْفَحْلِ يُحَرِّمُ كَمَا يُحَرِّمُ وَلَادَةَ الْأَبِ يَحَرِّمُ لَبَنَ الْأَبِ لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"11","page":247},{"text":"١٥٤٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الشَّرِيدِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ، فَأَرْضَعَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا غُلَامًا، وَأَرْضَعَتِ الْأُخْرَى جَارِيَةً فَقِيلَ لَهُ: هَلْ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْغُلَامُ الْجَارِيَةَ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا،» اللِّقَاحُ وَاحِدٌ \".\n\n١٥٤٢٢ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُعَدُّ فِي إِفْرَادِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَمَالِكٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.\n\n١٥٤٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْحَنَّاطُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يُونُسَ السَّرَّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَوَلَدَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا غُلَامًا، وَأَرْضَعَتِ الْأُخْرَى جَارِيَةً","vol":"11","page":249},{"text":"١٥٤٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَطَاءً عَنْ \" لَبَنِ الْفَحْلِ يُحَرِّمُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ». فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَبَلَغَكَ مِنْ ثَبْتٍ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: ﴿وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] فَهِيَ أُخْتُكَ مِنْ أَبِيكَ","vol":"11","page":249},{"text":"١٥٤٢٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ دِينَارٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا الشَّعْثَاءِ، «يَرَى لَبَنَ الْفَحْلِ يُحَرِّمُ»","vol":"11","page":250},{"text":"١٥٤٢٥ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَبَنُ الْفَحْلِ يُحَرِّمُ».\n\n١٥٤٢٦ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِيَ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَبِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"11","page":250},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1072>مَنْ قَالَ: لَبَنُ الْفَحْلِ لَا يُحَرِّمُ</span>","vol":"11","page":251},{"text":"١٥٤٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو هُوَ ابْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنُ وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «كَانَ» يَدْخُلُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ مَنْ أُرْضَعَهُ بَنَاتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا مَنْ أُرْضَعَهُ نِسَاءُ بَنِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ \"","vol":"11","page":251},{"text":"١٥٤٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَمْعَةَ، أَنَّ أُمَّهُ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَرْضَعَتْهَا أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ امْرَأَةُ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، فَقَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ: وَكَانَ الزُّبَيْرُ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ وَأَنَا أَمْتَشِطُ فَيَأْخُذُ بِقَرْنٍ مِنْ قُرُونِ رَأْسِي فَيَقُولُ: أَقْبِلِي عَلَيَّ فَحَدِّثِينِي، أُرِيدُ أَنَّهُ أَبِي وَمَا وَلَدَ فَهُمْ إِخْوَتِي، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ قَبْلَ الْحَرَّةِ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ فَخَطَبَ إِلَيَّ أُمَّ كُلْثُومِ ابْنَتِي عَلَى حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَكَانَ حَمْزَةُ لَلَكَلْبِيَّةِ، فَقُلْتُ لِرَسُولِهِ: وَهَلْ تَحِلُّ لَهُ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ ابْنَةُ أَخِيهِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ بِهَذَا الْمَنْعَ لِمَا قَبْلَكِ لَيْسَ لَكِ بِأَخٍ أَبًا، وَمَا وَلَدَتْ أَسْمَاءُ فَهُمْ إِخْوَتُكَ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ وَلَدِ ⦗٢٥٢⦘ الزُّبَيْرِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَلَيْسُوا لَكِ بِإِخْوَةٍ، فَأَرْسِلِي فَسَلِي عَنْ هَذَا، فَأَرْسَلَتْ فَسَأَلَ، وَأَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُتَوَافِرُونَ وَأُمَّهَاتُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالُوا لَهَا: «إِنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الرِّجَالِ لَا تُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا، فَأَنْكَحْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا هَلَكَ»","vol":"11","page":251},{"text":"١٥٤٢٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، آلِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «الرَّضَاعَةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الرِّجَالِ لَا تُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا»","vol":"11","page":252},{"text":"١٥٤٣٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَعَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، «أَنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ، مِنْ قِبَلِ الرِّجَالِ لَا تُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا»","vol":"11","page":252},{"text":"١٥٤٣١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَرْوَانُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُعَلَّى الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَرْضَعَتْهُ أُمُّ وَلَدِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ، وَلِلْمُزَنِيِّ امْرَأَةٌ أُخْرَى سِوَى الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي أَرْضَعَتِ الرَّجُلَ، وَأَنَّهَا وَلَدَتْ مِنَ الْمُزَنِيِّ جَارِيَةً، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ابْنُ الرَّجُلِ وَبَلَغَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ خَطَبَهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّاسُ. وَيْلَكَ إِنَّهَا أُخْتُكَ، قَالَ مَرْوَانُ: إِنَّ ذَلِكَ رُفِعَ إِلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَكَتَبَ فِيهِ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، فَكَتَبَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، «أَنْ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِرِضَاعٍ»","vol":"11","page":252},{"text":"١٥٤٣٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُعَلَّى، «أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ، كَانَ» لَا يَرَى الرَّضَاعَةَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الرِّجَالِ تُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا \"","vol":"11","page":252},{"text":"١٥٤٣٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَانَ لَا يَرَى الرَّضَاعَةَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الرِّجَالِ تُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا \". قَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ: وَذَلِكَ كَانَ رَأْيَ رَبِيعَةَ وَرَأْيَ فُقَهَائِنَا، وَأَنْكَرَ حَدِيثَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الشَّرِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي اللِّقَاحِ وَاحِدٌ ⦗٢٥٣⦘.\n\n١٥٤٣٤ - قَالَ حَدِيثُ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الطَّائِفِ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ مِنَ فُقَهَاءِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَحَدًا يَشُكُّ فِي هَذَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رُوِيَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ خِلَافَهُمْ، فَمَا الْتَفَتُوا إِلَيْهِ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ أَكْثَرُ وَأَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٥٤٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ، يَعْنِي لِبَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ: أَتَجِدُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ عِلْمِ الْخَاصَّةِ شَيْئًا أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ عَامًّا ظَاهِرًا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِهِمْ مِنْ تَرْكِ تَحْرِيمِ لَبَنِ الْفَحْلِ، فَقَدْ تَرَكْنَاهُ وَتَرَكْتَهُ، وَمَنْ يَحْتَجُّ لِقَوْلِهِ إِذْ كُنَّا نَجِدُ فِي الْخَبَرِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُ.\n\n١٥٤٣٦ - وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْإِلْزَامِ فِي تَرْكِهِمْ فِي بَعْضِ الْمَوَاضِعِ الْخَبَرَ الْوَاحِدَ بِقَوْلِ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَتَرْكِهِمْ مَا قَالَ الْأَكْثَرُ مِنَ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ: أَنَّ لَبَنَ الْفَحْلِ لَا يُحَرِّمُ، بِمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ: «يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الْوِلَادَةِ».\n\n١٥٤٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَإِنَّمَا يَخْتَلِفُ بِنِعْمَةِ اللَّهِ قَوْلِي أَنَّهُ لَا يَذْهَبُ إِذَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ إِلَى أَنْ أَدَعَهُ لَا أَكْثَرَ وَلَا أَقَلَّ","vol":"11","page":252},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1073>بَابُ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ</span>","vol":"11","page":254},{"text":"١٥٤٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كَانَ فِيمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِي ⦗٢٥٥⦘ الْقُرْآنِ عَشْرَ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ، ثُمَّ نُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ، فَتُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهُنَّ مِمَّا يَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"11","page":254},{"text":"١٥٤٣٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ: «نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ بِعَشْرِ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ، ثُمَّ صُيِّرْنَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ، فَكَانَ لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ اسْتَكْمَلَ خَمْسَ رَضَعَاتٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ دُونَ فِعْلِ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"11","page":255},{"text":"١٥٤٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُحَرِّمُ الْمَصَّةُ وَلَا الْمَصَّتَانِ، وَلَا الرَّضْعَةُ وَلَا الرَّضْعَتَانِ»","vol":"11","page":255},{"text":"١٥٤٤١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُحَرِّمُ الْمَصَّةُ، وَلَا الْمَصَّتَانِ».\n\n١٥٤٤٢ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: أَسَمِعَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَحِفِظَ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ابْنُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ»\n\n١٥٤٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: سَمَاعُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَحِيحٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٥٤٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"11","page":256},{"text":"١٥٤٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ بَالَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الصَّائِغُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُرَيْحُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَيُّوبَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تُحَرِّمُ الْمَصَّةُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَلَا الْمَصَّتَانِ» ⦗٢٥٧⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُعْتَمِرٍ","vol":"11","page":256},{"text":"١٥٤٤٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَيُّوبَ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنِّي تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً وَلِيَ امْرَأَةٌ أُخْرَى، فَزَعَمَتِ امْرَأَتِي الْحُدْثَى أَنَّهَا أَرْضَعَتِ امْرَأَتِي الْأُولَى؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تُحَرِّمُ الْإِمْلَاجَةُ وَلَا الْإِمْلَاجَتَانِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ.\n\n١٥٤٤٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ قَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، هَلْ تُحَرِّمُ الرَّضْعَةُ الْوَاحِدَةُ؟ قَالَ: «لَا»","vol":"11","page":257},{"text":"١٥٤٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ أَنْ تُرْضِعَ سَالِمًا خَمْسَ رَضَعَاتٍ يَحْرُمُ بِلَبَنِهَا» فَفَعَلَتْ، فَكَانَتْ تَرَاهُ ابْنًا","vol":"11","page":257},{"text":"١٥٤٤٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ:  «لَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا فَتَقَ الْأَمْعَاءَ».\n\n١٥٤٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، مَوْقُوفًا","vol":"11","page":258},{"text":"١٥٤٥١ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ الْمَصَّةُ وَلَا الْمَصَّتَانِ، وَلَا يُحَرِّمُ إِلَّا مَا فَتَقَ الْأَمْعَاءَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ».\n\n١٥٤٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"11","page":258},{"text":"١٥٤٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ سَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَهُ، «أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، أَرْسَلَتْ بِهِ وَهُوَ يَرْضَعُ إِلَى أُخْتِهَا أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ، فَأَرْضَعَتْهُ ثَلَاثَ رَضَعَاتٍ، ثُمَّ مَرِضَتْ فَلَمْ تُرْضِعْهُ غَيْرَ ثَلَاثِ رَضَعَاتٍ، فَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَدْخُلُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ لَمْ تُكْمِلْ لِي عَشْرَ رَضَعَاتٍ».\n\n١٥٤٥٤ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَمَرَتْ بِهِ عَائِشَةُ يُرْضَعُ عَشْرًا لِأَنَّهَا أَكْثَرُ الرَّضَاعِ، وَلَمْ تَتِمَّ لَهُ خَمْسٌ، فَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ عَلَيْهَا، وَلَعَلَّ سَالِمًا أَنْ ⦗٢٥٩⦘ يَكُونَ ذَهَبَ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْعَشْرِ الرَّضَعَاتِ، فَنُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ فَحَدَّثَ عَنْهَا بِمَا عَلِمَ مِنْ أَنَّهُ أُرْضِعَ ثَلَاثًا، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا، وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذْنَا خَمْسَ رَضَعَاتٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِحِكَايَةِ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهُنَّ يُحَرِّمْنَ وَأَنَّهُنَّ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ","vol":"11","page":258},{"text":"١٥٤٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، «أَنَّ الرَّضْعَةَ وَالرَّضْعَتَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَ لَا تُحَرِّمُ»","vol":"11","page":259},{"text":"١٥٤٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ، «أَنَّ حَفْصَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ» أَرْسَلَتْ بِعَاصِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ إِلَى أُخْتِهَا فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ عُمَرَ تُرْضِعُهُ عَشْرَ رَضَعَاتٍ لِيَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهَا وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ يَرْضَعُ، فَفَعَلَتْ فَكَانَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا \".\n\n١٥٤٥٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْقَوْلُ فِي هَذَا مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ سَالِمٍ.\n\n١٥٤٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: مَا كَانَ فِي الْحَوْلَيْنِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَصَّةً تُحَرِّمُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثٍ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ شَبِيهًا بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى","vol":"11","page":259},{"text":"١٥٤٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «مَا كَانَ فِي الْحَوْلَيْنِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَصَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنَّهَا تُحَرِّمُ» ⦗٢٦٠⦘.\n\n١٥٤٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأُرَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ، يُرِيدُ أَنَّ ثَوْرًا إِنَّمَا أَخَذَهُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ.\n\n١٥٤٦١ - فَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَادَ وَإِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ","vol":"11","page":259},{"text":"١٥٤٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، «أَنَّ قَلِيلَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَكَثِيرَهَا يُحَرِّمُ فِي الْمَهْدِ».\n١٥٤٦٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ فِي الْقَلِيلِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الرَّضْعَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ أَنَّهَا تُحَرِّمُ.\n\n١٥٤٦٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْهُمَا مُرْسَلَةٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٥٤٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَدَلَّ مَا حَكَتْ عَائِشَةُ فِي الْكِتَابِ، وَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُحَرِّمُ الرَّضْعَةُ وَلَا الرَّضْعَتَانِ».\n\n١٥٤٦٦ - عَلَى أَنَّ الرَّضَاعَ لَا يُحَرَّمُ بِهِ عَلَى أَقَلِّ اسْمِ الرَّضَاعِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ.\n\n١٥٤٦٧ - وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ مَضَى بِمَا حَكَتْ عَائِشَةُ فِي الْكِتَابِ ثُمَّ فِي السُّنَّةِ، وَالْكِفَايَةُ فِيمَا حَكَتْ فِي الْكِتَابِ، ثُمَّ فِي السُّنَّةِ","vol":"11","page":260},{"text":"١٥٤٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى الْقُطَعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «لَقَدْ نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الرَّجْمِ وَرَضَاعَةِ الْكَبِيرِ عَشْرًا، وَلَقَدْ كَانَ فِي صَحِيفَةٍ تَحْتَ سَرِيرِي، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اشْتَغَلْنَا بِمَوْتِهِ، فَدَخَلَ الدَّاجِنُ فَأَكَلَهَا».\n\n١٥٤٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا بَلَغَنَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ، وَهَذَا أَمَرٌ وَقَعَ، فَأَخْبَرَتْ عَنِ الْوَاقِعَةِ دُونَ تَعَلُّقِ حُكْمٍ بِهَا، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ آيَةُ الرَّجْمِ مَعْلُومَةٌ عِنْدَ الصَّحَابَةِ وَعَلِمُوا نَسْخَ تِلَاوَتِهَا وَإِثْبَاتِهَا فِي الْمُصْحَفِ دُونَ حُكْمِهَا، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ رَاجَعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عُمَرُ فِي كَتْبِهَا، فَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ فِيهَا.\n\n١٥٤٧٠ - وَأَمَّا رَضَاعَةُ الْكَبِيرِ فَهِيَ عِنْدَ غَيْرِ عَائِشَةَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ، أَوْ كَانَتْ رُخْصَةً لِسَالِمٍ وَحْدِهِ، فَلِذَلِكَ لَمْ يُثْبِتُوهَا.\n\n١٥٤٧١ - وَأَمَّا رِضَاعَتُهُ عَشْرًا فَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ فِي، رِوَايَةِ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا صَارَتْ مَنْسُوخَةً بِخَمْسٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ، فَكَانَ نَسْخُ حُكْمِهَا وَتِلَاوَتِهَا مَعْلُومًا عِنْدَ الصَّحَابَةِ، فَلِأَجْلِ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يُثْبِتُوهَا لَا لِأَجْلِ أَكَلِ الدَّاجِنِ صَحِيفَتَهَا، وَهَذَا وَاضِحٌ بَيِّنٌ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ","vol":"11","page":261},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1074>رَضَاعُ الْكَبِيرِ</span>","vol":"11","page":262},{"text":"١٥٤٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَضَاعَةِ الْكَبِيرِ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ أَبَا حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ كَانَ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَكَانَ قَدْ تَبَنَّى سَالِمًا الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ: سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ، كَمَا تَبَنَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ، وَأَنْكَحَ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ سَالِمًا وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ ابْنُهُ، فَأَنْكَحَهُ بِنْتَ أَخِيهِ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَهِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرَاتِ الْأُوَلِ، وَهِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ أَيَامَى قُرَيْشٍ، فَلَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ مَا أَنْزَلَ، فَقَالَ: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥]، رَدَّ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أُولَئِكَ مَنْ تَبَنَّى إِلَى أَبِيهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَبَاهُ رَدَّهُ إِلَى الْمَوَالِي، فَجَاءَتْ سَهْلَةُ بِنْتُ سُهَيْلٍ، وَهِيَ امْرَأَةُ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ، وَهِيَ مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كُنَّا نَرَى سَالِمًا وَلَدًا، وَكَانَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ وَأَنَا فُضُلٌ وَلَيْسَ لَنَا ⦗٢٦٣⦘ إِلَّا بَيْتٌ وَاحِدٌ، فَمَاذَا تَرَى فِي شَأْنِهِ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «أَرْضِعِيهِ خَمْسَ رَضَعَاتٍ فَيَحْرُمُ بِلَبَنِهَا» فَفَعَلَتْ وَكَانَتْ تَرَاهُ ابْنًا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، فَأَخَذَتْ بِذَلِكَ عَائِشَةُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ تُحِبُّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ، وَكَانَتْ أُخْتُهَا أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ وَبَنَاتُ أُخْتِهَا يُرْضِعْنَ مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَأَبَى سَائِرُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ بِتِلْكَ الرَّضَاعَةِ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَقُلْنَ: مَا نَرَى الَّذِي أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَهْلَةَ بِنْتَ سُهَيْلٍ إِلَّا رُخْصَةً فِي سَالِمٍ وَحْدَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْنَا بِهَذِهِ الرَّضَاعَةِ أَحَدٌ.\n\n١٥٤٧٣ - فَعَلَى هَذَا مِنَ الْخَبَرِ كَانَ أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي رَضَاعَةِ الْكَبِيرِ.\n\n١٥٤٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي سَالِمٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ خَاصَّةً.\n\n١٥٤٧٥ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتَ؟ ⦗٢٦٤⦘ فَذَكَرْتُ حَدِيثَ سَالِمٍ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ أَنْ تُرْضِعَهُ خَمْسَ رَضَعَاتٍ يَحْرُمُ بِهِنَّ. وَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَالِمٍ خَاصَّةً.\n\n١٥٤٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَمْ أَجِدْ حَدِيثَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَذَكَرَ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ الْكَبِيرِ أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ حِينَ عُورِضَ بِهَذَا قَالَ: مَا جَعَلْنَاهُ خَاصًا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَكِنْ أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ زَمْعَةَ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهَا أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّهَا ذَكَرَتْ حَدِيثَ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَتْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: كَانَتْ رُخْصَةً لِسَالِمٍ خَاصَّةً.\n\n١٥٤٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَخَذْنَا بِهِ يَقِينًا لَا ظَنًّا. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا؛ لِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ مُرْسَلٌ، وَقَدْ وَصَلَهُ عَقِيلُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَشُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ.\n\n١٥٤٧٨ - وَفِيهِ حِكَايَةُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَسَائِرِ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْطَعْ بِالرُّخْصَةِ أَنَّهَا لِسَالِمٍ خَاصَّةً فِي الْحِكَايَةِ عَنْهُنَّ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ: \" وَقُلْنَ لِعَائِشَةَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا نَرَى، لَعَلَّهَا رُخْصَةٌ لِسَالِمٍ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دُونَ النَّاسِ. وَهُوَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الَّتِي رَوَاهَا عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ مَقْطُوعٌ بِأَنَّهَا لَهُ خَاصَّةً ⦗٢٦٥⦘\n\n١٥٤٧٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"11","page":262},{"text":"١٥٤٧٩ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَمْعَةَ، أَنَّ أُمَّهُ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَقُولُ: \" أَبَى سَائِرُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يُدْخِلْنَ عَلَيْهِنَّ أَحَدًا بِتِلْكَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، وَقُلْنَ لِعَائِشَةَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا نَرَى هَذَا إِلَّا رُخْصَةً أَرْخَصَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِسَالِمٍ خَاصَّةً، فَمَا هُوَ بِدَاخِلٍ عَلَيْنَا أَحَدٌ بِهَذِهِ الرَّضَاعَةِ \". زَادَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: وَلَا رَائِينَا.\n\n١٥٤٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا لِسَالِمٍ خَاصَّةً فَالْخَاصُّ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا مَخْرَجًا مِنْ حُكْمِ الْعَامِّ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ رَضَاعُ الْكَبِيرِ لَا يُحَرِّمُ.\n\n١٥٤٨١ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَيْضًا بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣] وَمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ غَايَةً، فَالْحُكْمُ بَعْدَ مُضِيِّ الْغَايَةِ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ قَبْلَ مُضِيِّهَا. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"11","page":265},{"text":"١٥٤٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ عِنْدَ دَارِ الْقَضَاءِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَضَاعَةِ الْكَبِيرِ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: كَانَتْ لِي وَلِيدَةٌ فَكُنْتُ أَطَؤُهَا فَعَمَدَتِ امْرَأَتِي إِلَيْهَا فَأَرْضَعَتْهَا، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَتْ: دُونَكَ، فَقَدْ وَاللَّهِ أَرْضَعْتُهَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ:  «أَوْجِعْهَا وَائْتِ جَارِيَتَكَ فَإِنَّمَا الرَّضَاعَةُ رَضَاعَةُ الصَّغِيرِ»","vol":"11","page":265},{"text":"١٥٤٨٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «لَا رَضَاعَ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَرْضَعَ فِي الصِّغَرِ»","vol":"11","page":266},{"text":"١٥٤٨٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى قَالَ فِي رَضَاعَةِ الْكَبِيرِ: «مَا أُرَاهَا إِلَّا تُحَرِّمُ»، فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: انْظُرْ مَا تَفْتِي بِهِ الرَّجُلَ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: «فَمَا تَقُولُ أَنْتَ؟» فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: لَا رَضَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ فِي الْحَوْلَيْنِ. فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: «لَا تَسْأَلُونِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ مَا كَانَ هَذَا الْحَبْرُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ».\n\n١٥٤٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ فِي الْحَوْلَيْنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ\n\n١٥٤٨٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ مَوْصُولًا وَمَقْطُوعًا غَيْرَ مَحْدُودٍ بِالْحَوْلَيْنِ.\n\n١٥٤٨٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ مَوْقُوفًا وَمَرْفُوعًا: «لَا رَضَاعَ إِلَّا مَا شَدَّ الْعَظْمَ وَأَنْبَتَ اللَّحْمَ»","vol":"11","page":266},{"text":"١٥٤٨٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ» انْظُرْنَ مَا إِخْوَانُكُنَّ، فَإِنَّمَا الرَّضَاعَةُ مِنَ الْمَجَاعَةِ \"","vol":"11","page":266},{"text":"١٥٤٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا رَضَاعَ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ فِي الْحَوْلَيْنِ». وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَالصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ","vol":"11","page":267},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1075>الْمُرْضَعُ يُرْضَعُ بِلَبَنِ امْرَأَةٍ حَمَلَتْ مِنْ زِنًا</span>","vol":"11","page":268},{"text":"١٥٤٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «فَإِنْ وَلَدَتِ امْرَأَةٌ حَمَلَتْ مِنْ زِنًا، فَأَرْضَعَتْ مَوْلُودًا فَهُوَ ابْنُهَا، وَلَا يَكُونُ ابْنَ الَّذِي زَنَى بِهَا، وَأَكْرَهُ لَهُ فِي الْوَرَعِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ بَنَاتِ الَّذِي وُلِدَ لَهُ مِنْ زِنًا، كَمَا أَكْرَهُهُ لِلْمَوْلُودِ مِنْ زِنًا، وَلَوْ نَكَحَ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ أَحَدًا لَمْ أَفْسَخْهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِابْنِهِ فِي حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ لِزَمْعَةَ، وَأَمَرَ سَوْدَةَ أَنْ تَحْتَجِبَ مِنْهُ، لِمَا رَأَى مِنْ شَبَهِهِ بِعُتْبَةَ، فَلَمْ يَرَهَا وَقَدْ مَضَى أَنَّهُ أَخُوهَا حَتَّى لَقِيَتِ اللَّهَ؛ لِأَنَّ تَرْكَ رُؤْيَتِهَا مُبَاحٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَخُوهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ تَرْكُ رُؤْيَتِهَا الْمَوْلُودَ مِنْ نِكَاحِ أُخْتِهِ مُبَاحٌ، وَإِنَّمَا مَنَعَنِي مِنْ فَسْخِهِ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِابْنِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ زِنًا»","vol":"11","page":268},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1076>بَابُ الشَّهَادَةِ فِي الرَّضَاعِ</span>","vol":"11","page":269},{"text":"١٥٤٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" لَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا مِمَّنْ يَنْسِبُهُ الْعَامَّةُ إِلَى الْعِلْمِ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنَّ شَهَادَةَ النِّسَاءِ ⦗٢٧٠⦘ تَجُوزُ فِيمَا لَا يَحِلُّ لِلرِّجَالِ غَيْرَ ذَوِي الْمَحَارِمِ أَنْ يَتَعَمَّدُوا أَنْ يَرَوْا لِغَيْرِ شَهَادَةٍ، وَقَالُوا ذَلِكَ فِي وِلَادِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَعَيْبِهَا الَّذِي تَحْتَ ثِيَابِهَا، وَالرَّضَاعَةُ عِنْدِي مِثْلَهُ.\n\n١٥٤٩٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَا يَجُوزُ إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَكُنَّ حَرَائِرَ عُدُولًا بَوَالِغَ وَيَكُنَّ أَرْبَعًا؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا أَجَازَ شَهَادَتَيْنِ فِي الدِّينِ جَعَلَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَقُومَانِ مَقَامَ رَجُلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ \"","vol":"11","page":269},{"text":"١٥٤٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ:  «لَا يَجُوزُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ»","vol":"11","page":270},{"text":"١٥٤٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ نَكَحَ أُمَّ يَحْيَى بِنْتِ أَبِي إِهَابٍ، فَقَالَتْ أَمَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ: قَدْ أَرْضَعْتُكُمَا قَالَ: فَجِئْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَأَعْرَضَ فَتَنَحَّيْتُ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ:  «وَكَيْفَ وَقَدْ زَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا أَرْضَعَتْكُمَا؟» ⦗٢٧١⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَأَيُّوبَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ: كَيْفَ وَقَدْ قِيلَ؟.\n\n١٥٤٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِعْرَاضُهُ ﷺ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَمْ يَرَ هَذَا شَهَادَةً تُلْزِمُهُ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «وَكَيْفَ وَقَدْ زَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا أَرْضَعَتْكُمَا؟»، يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَرِهَ لَهُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ مَعَهَا، وَقَدْ قِيلَ أَنَّهَا أُخْتُهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، وَهَذَا مَعْنَى مَا قُلْنَا مِنْ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهَا وَرَعًا لَا حُكْمًا.\n\n١٥٤٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي حَدِيثَيْنِ مُرْسَلَيْنِ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْبَلْ شَهَادَةَ امْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فِي الرَّضَاعِ، وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ لِزَوْجِهَا: دُونَكَ امْرَأَتَكَ.\n\n١٥٤٩٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَجُوزُ فِيهِ رَجُلَانِ، وَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ","vol":"11","page":270},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1077>٢٧ - كِتَابُ النَّفَقَاتِ</span>","vol":"11","page":273},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1078>بَابُ وَجُوبِ النَّفَقَةِ لِلزَّوْجَةِ</span>","vol":"11","page":275},{"text":"١٥٤٩٨ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾ [النساء: ٣]\n⦗٢٧٦⦘.\n\n١٥٤٩٩ - قَالَ: وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ: ﴿ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾ [النساء: ٣] يَدُلُّ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ نَفَقَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾ [النساء: ٣] أَنْ لَا تُكْثِرُوا مَنْ تَعُولُوا إِذِ اقْتَصَرَ الْمَرْءُ عَلَى وَاحِدَةٍ، وَإِنْ أَبَاحَ لَهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا \"\n١٥٥٠٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ.\n\n١٥٥٠١ - قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ﴿أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾ [النساء: ٣]: فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٥٥٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾ [النساء: ٣] قَالَ: «ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ لَا يَكْثُرَ مَنْ تَعُولُونَهُ»","vol":"11","page":275},{"text":"١٥٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو طَالِبٍ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى الصَّدَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الثَّعَالِبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾ [النساء: ٣] أَيْ لَا تُكْثِرُوا عِيَالِكُمْ \".\n\n١٥٥٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ، غُلَامِ ثَعْلَبٍ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَهُ لِثَعْلَبٍ فَقَالَ: أَحْسَنَ هُوَ لُغَةً ⦗٢٧٧⦘،\n\n١٥٥٠٥ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ: هُوَ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنْ عَوْلِ الْفَرِيضَةِ إِذَا كَثُرَتْ سِهَامُهَا فَقَصَرَتْ عَنِ الْوَفَاءِ بِحُقُوقٍ دُونَ الْمِيرَاثِ.\n\n١٥٥٠٦ - فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾ [النساء: ٣] أَيْ لَا يَكْثُرُ مَا يَلْزَمُكُمْ مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ فَتُقَصِّرَ عَنِ الْوَفَاءِ بِجَمِيعِ حُقُوقِ نِسَائِكُمْ، بَلَغَنِي عَنِ ابْنِ الْأَنْبَارِيِّ أَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى","vol":"11","page":276},{"text":"١٥٥٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْفَقِيهَ، يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عُمَرَ غُلَامَ ثَعْلَبٍ الَّذِي لَمْ تَرَ عَيْنَايَ مِثْلَهُ عَنْ حُرُوفٍ أُخِذَتْ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِ: مَاءٌ مَالِحٌ، وَمِثْلَ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾ [النساء: ٣] أَيْ لَا يَكْثُرُ مَنْ تَعُولُونَ، وَقَوْلِهِ: «مَعَ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، فَقَالَ لِي: \" كَلَامُ الشَّافِعِيِّ صَحِيحٌ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ ثَعْلَبًا يَقُولُ: تَأْخُذُونَ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ وَهُوَ مِنْ بَيْتِ اللُّغَةِ يَجِبُ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ عَنْهُ","vol":"11","page":277},{"text":"١٥٥٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ هِنْدَ بِنْتَ عُتْبَةَ، أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ وَلَيْسَ لِي مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَا يُدْخِلُ عَلَيَّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ»","vol":"11","page":277},{"text":"١٥٥٠٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا حَدَّثَتْهُ، أَنَّ هِنْدًا أُمَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ جَاءَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ⦗٢٧٨⦘ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ وَإِنَّهُ لَا يُعْطِينِي مَا يَكْفِينِي وَوَلَدِي إِلَّا مَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ سِرًّا وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ، فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ","vol":"11","page":277},{"text":"١٥٥١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، عِنْدِي دِينَارٌ قَالَ: «أَنْفِقْهُ عَلَى نَفْسِكِ» قَالَ: عِنْدِي آخَرُ قَالَ: «أَنْفِقْهُ عَلَى وَلَدِكَ» قَالَ: عِنْدِي آخَرُ قَالَ: «أَنْفِقْهُ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ» قَالَ: عِنْدِي آخَرُ قَالَ: «أَنْفِقْهُ عَلَى خَادِمِكَ» قَالَ: عِنْدِي آخَرُ قَالَ: «أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ».\n\n١٥٥١١ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: إِذَا حَدَّثَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، يَقُولُ وَلَدُكَ: أَنْفِقْ عَلَيَّ إِلَى مَنْ تَكِلُنِي، تَقُولُ زَوْجَتُكَ: أَنْفِقْ عَلَيَّ أَوْ طَلِّقْنِي، يَقُولُ خَادِمُكَ: أَنْفِقْ عَلَيَّ أَوْ بِعْنِي","vol":"11","page":278},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1079>بَابُ قَدْرِ النَّفَقَةِ</span>","vol":"11","page":279},{"text":"١٥٥١٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ، وَمَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْآيَةَ، فَذَكَرَ نَفَقَةَ الْمُقْتِرِ وَالْمُوسِعِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا جَعَلْتُ أَقَلَّ الْفَرْضِ مُدًّا بِالدَّلَالَةِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي دَفْعِهِ إِلَى الَّذِي أَصَابَ أَهْلَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عَرَقًا فِيهِ خَمْسَةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا لِسِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مُدًّا مُدًّا لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ.\n\n١٥٥١٣ - وَالْعَرَقُ: خَمْسَةُ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، عَلَى كُلِّ ذَلِكَ يَعْمَلُ لِيَكُونَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَعْرَاقٍ وَسَقًا، وَلَكِنَّ الَّذِي حَدَّثَهُ أَدْخَلَ الشَّكَّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ عِشْرِينَ صَاعًا\n\n١٥٥١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الشَّكُّ إِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ","vol":"11","page":279},{"text":"١٥٥١٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، \" خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ تَكُونُ سِتِّينَ رُبُعًا، فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ. فَقَالَ: «أَطْعِمْ هَذَا سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا».\n\n١٥٥١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُجَامِعِ\n\n١٥٥١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا جَعَلْتُ أَكْثَرَ مَا فَرَضْتُ مُدَّيْنِ مُدَّيْنِ؛ لِأَنَّ أَكْثَرَ مَا جَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي فِدْيَةِ الْكَفَّارَةِ لِلْأَذَى مُدَّيْنِ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ وَبَيْنَهُمَا وَسَطٌ، فَلَمْ أُقَصِّرْ عَنْ هَذَا وَلَمْ أُجَاوِزْ هَذَا، مَعَ أَنَّ مَعْلُومًا أَنَّ الْأَغْلَبَ أَنَّ أَقَلَّ الْقُوتِ مُدًّا، وَأَنَّ أَوْسَعَهُ مُدَّانِ.\n\n١٥٥١٧ - قَالَ: وَالْفَرْضُ عَلَى الْمُتَوَسِّطِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِالْمُوسِعِ وَلَا الْمُقْتِرِ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا: مُدًّا وَنِصْفًا لِلْمَرْأَةِ.\n\n١٥٥١٨ - وَذَكَرَ مِنَ الْأَدَمِ وَالْكِسْوَةِ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا هُوَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِبَلَدِهَا","vol":"11","page":280},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1080>غِيبَةُ الزَّوْجِ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ بَعْدَ التَّخْلِيَةِ</span>","vol":"11","page":281},{"text":"١٥٥١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ،  «كَتَبَ إِلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَجْنَادِ فِي رِجَالٍ غَابُوا عَنْ نِسَائِهِمْ يَأْمُرَهُمْ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوهُمْ بِأَنْ يُنْفِقُوا أَوْ يُطَلِّقُوا، فَإِنْ طَلَّقُوا بَعَثُوا بِنَفَقَةِ مَا حَبَسُوا»","vol":"11","page":281},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1081>بَابُ الرَّجُلِ لَا يَجِدُ نَفَقَةَ زَوْجَتِهِ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا</span>","vol":"11","page":282},{"text":"١٥٥٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لَمَّا كَانَ مِنْ فَرَضِ اللَّهِ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ نَفَقَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ ⦗٢٨٣⦘، وَمَضَتْ بِذَلِكَ سَنَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْآثَارُ وَالِاسْتِدْلَالُ بِالسُّنَّةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَبْسُهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ يَسْتَمْتِعُ بِهَا وَمَنْعُهَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ تَسْتَغْنِي بِهِ، وَهُوَ مَانِعٌ لَهَا فَرْضًا عَلَيْهِ عَاجِزٌ عَنْ تَأْدِيَتِهِ، وَكَانَ حَبْسُ النَّفَقَةِ وَالْكِسْوَةِ يَأْتِي عَلَى نَفْسِهَا فَتَمُوتُ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا جُوعًا وَعَطَشًا وَعُرْيًا قَالَ: فَأَيْنَ الدَّلَالَةُ عَلَى التَّفْرِيقِ بَيْنَهُمَا.\n\n١٥٥٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: «إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» أَمَرَ الزَّوْجَ بِالنَّفَقَةِ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ \"، وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: تَقُولُ امْرَأَتُكَ أَنْفِقْ عَلَيَّ أَوْ طَلِّقْنِي، وَيَقُولُ خَادِمُكَ: أَنْفِقْ عَلَيَّ أَوْ بِعْنِي.\n\n١٥٥٢٢ - قَالَ: فَهَذَا بَيَانٌ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقَهَا، قُلْتُ: أَمَّا بِنَصٍّ فَلَا، وَأَمَّا بِالِاسْتِدْلَالِ فَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٥٥٢٣ - وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي خَادِمٍ لَهُ لَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِزَمَانِهِ عَجَزَ عَنْ نَفَقَتِهَا؟ قَالَ: نَبِيعُهَا عَلَيْهِ","vol":"11","page":282},{"text":"١٥٥٢٤ - قُلْتُ: فَإِذَا صَنَعْتُ هَذَا فِي مِلْكِهِ، كَيْفَ لَا تَصْنَعُهُ فِي امْرَأَتِهِ الَّتِي لَيْسَتْ بِمِلْكٍ لَهُ؟ قَالَ: فَهَلْ شَيْءٌ أَبْيَنُ مِنْ هَذَا؟ قُلْتُ: فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنِ \" الرَّجُلِ لَا يَجِدُ مَا يُنْفِقُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ؟ قَالَ: «يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا» قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: قُلْتُ: سُنَّةٌ؟ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ: «سُنَّةٌ» ⦗٢٨٤⦘.\n\n١٥٥٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي يُشْبِهُ قَوْلَ سَعِيدٍ: سُنَّةٌ، أَنْ يَكُونَ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"11","page":283},{"text":"١٥٥٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي \" الرَّجُلِ لَا يَجِدُ مَا يُنْفِقُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ؟ قَالَ: «يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا».\n\n١٥٥٢٧ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ ابْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِهِ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ بَالَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازُ، وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ السَّمَّاكِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبَارُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، فَذَكَرَاهُ","vol":"11","page":284},{"text":"١٥٥٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «كَتَبَ إِلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَجْنَادِ فِي رِجَالٍ غَابُوا عَنْ نِسَائِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوهُمْ بِأَنْ يُنْفِقُوا أَوْ يُطَلِّقُوا، فَإِنْ طَلَّقُوا بَعَثُوا بِنَفَقَةِ مَا حَبَسُوا» ⦗٢٨٥⦘.\n\n١٥٥٢٩ - ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَقْدَ النَّفَقَةِ أَشَدَّ مِنْ فَقْدِ الْجِمَاعِ بِالْعِنَّةِ، وَإِذَا عَجَزَ عَنْ إِصَابَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ أُجِّلَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ فَإِنَّ قَضَاءَ عُمَرَ بِأَنْ يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجِ وَامْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يُنْفِقْ عَلَيْهَا أَثْبَتُ عَنْهُ؛ لِأَنَّ خَبَرَ الْعِنِّينِ عَنْ عُمَرَ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَخَبَرُ التَّفْرِقَةِ عَنْهُ مَوْصُولٌ، فَكَيْفَ رَدَدْتَ هَذَا وَلَمْ يُخَالِفْهُ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ عَلِمْتَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَبِلْتَ قَضَاءَهُ فِي الْعِنِّينِ وَأَنْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا يُخَالِفُهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"11","page":284},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1082>بَابٌ فِي الَّتِي لَا يَمْلِكُ زَوْجُهَا الرَّجْعَةَ</span>","vol":"11","page":286},{"text":"١٥٥٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ فِي الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ: \" ﴿وَإِنْ كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ٦].\n\n١٥٥٣١ - فَدَلَّتْ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّفَقَةَ لِلْمُطَلَّقَةِ الْحَامِلِ دُونَ الْمُطَّلَقَاتِ سِوَاهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَجْمَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى مُطْلَقَةٍ تُخَالِفُ الْحَامِلَ فَيُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهَا بِالْإِجْمَاعِ دُونَ غَيْرِهَا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ هَذَا. قِيلَ: فَلِمَ لَا تَكُونُ الْمَبْتُوتَةُ قِيَاسًا عَلَيْهَا؟ يَعْنِي عَلَى الرَّجْعِيَّةِ قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ الَّتِيَ يَمْلِكُ زَوْجُهَا رَجْعَتَهَا فِي عِدَّتِهَا أَلَيْسَ يَمْلِكُ عَلَيْهَا أَمَرَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ؟ وَيَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا إِيلَاؤُهُ وَظِهَارُهُ وَلِعَانُهُ؟ وَيَتَوَارَثَانِ؟ وَهِيَ فِي مَعْنَى الْأَزْوَاجِ فِي أَكْثَرِ أَمْرِهَا؟ أَفَتَجِدُ كَذَلِكَ الْمَبْتُوتَةَ؟ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ احْتَجَّ بِمَا \"","vol":"11","page":286},{"text":"١٥٥٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، مَوْلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَمْرِو بْنَ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، طَلَّقَهَا الْبَتَّةَ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ بِالشَّامِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا وَكِيلَهُ بِشَعِيرٍ، فَسَخِطَتْهُ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا لَكِ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ، فَجَاءَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ. فَقَالَ لَهَا:  «لَيْسَ لَكِ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَةٌ» وَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّ شَرِيكٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «تِلْكَ امْرَأَةٌ يَغْشَاهَا أَصْحَابِي، فَاعْتَدِّي عِنْدَ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ أَعْمَى تَضَعِينَ ثِيَابَكِ، فَإِذَا حَلَلْتِ فَأْذَنِينِي» قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا حَلَلْتُ ذَكَرْتُ لَهُ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَبَا جَهْمٍ خَطَبَاهَا فَقَالَ: «أَمَّا أَبُو جَهْمٍ فَلَا يَضَعُ عَصَاهُ عَنْ عَاتِقِهِ، وَأَمَّا مُعَاوِيَةُ فَصُعْلُوكٌ لَا مَالَ لَهُ، انْكِحِي أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ». قَالَتْ: فَكَرِهْتُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «انْكِحِي أُسَامَةَ»، فَنَكَحْتُهُ، فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا وَاغْتَبَطْتُ بِهِ \". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.\n\n١٥٥٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَقَالَ، يَعْنِي مَنْ كَلَّمَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، فَإِنَّكُمْ تَرَكْتُمْ حَدِيثَ فَاطِمَةَ، هِيَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ لِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا سُكْنَى لَكِ وَلَا نَفَقَةَ»، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا تَرَكْنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ فَاطِمَةَ حَرْفًا قَالَ: إِنَّا حُدِّثْنَا عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا سُكْنَى لَكِ وَلَا نَفَقَةَ» فَقُلْنَا: لَكِنَّا لَمْ نُحَدَّثْ هَذَا عَنْهَا، وَلَوْ كَانَ مَا حُدِّثْتُمْ عَنْهَا كَمَا حَدَّثْتُمْ كَانَ عَلَى مَا قُلْنَا، وَعَلَى خِلَافِ مَا قُلْتُمْ قَالَ: وَكَيْفَ قُلْتَ؟ أَمَّا حَدِيثُنَا فَصَحِيحٌ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا نَفَقَةَ لَكِ عَلَيْهِ» وَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ.\n\n١٥٥٣٤ - وَلَوْ كَانَ فِي حَدِيثِهَا إِحْلَالُهُ لَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ لَمْ يُحْظَرْ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ، فَقَالَ: وَكَيْفَ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا وأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي ⦗٢٨٨⦘ بَيْتِ غَيْرِهِ؟ قُلْتُ: لِعِلَّةٍ لَمْ تَذْكُرْهَا فَاطِمَةُ كَأَنَّهَا اسْتَحَيَتْ مِنْ ذِكْرِهَا، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهَا غَيْرُهَا قَالَ: وَمَا هِيَ؟ قُلْتُ: كَانَ فِي لِسَانِهَا ذَرَبٌ، فَاسْتَطَالَتْ عَلَى أَحْمَائِهَا اسْتِطَالَةً تَفَاحَشَتْ، فَأَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ قَالَ: فَهَلْ مِنْ دَلِيلٍ عَلَى مَا قُلْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالْخَبَرِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِهَا قَالَ: فَاذْكُرْهُ، قُلْتُ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [الطلاق: ١]","vol":"11","page":287},{"text":"١٥٥٣٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [النساء: ١٩] قَالَ: «أَنْ تَبْذُوَ عَلَى أَهْلِ زَوْجِهَا، فَإِذَا بَذَتْ فَقَدْ حَلَّ إِخْرَاجُهَا»\n\n١٥٥٣٦ - فَقَالَ: هَذَا تَأْوِيلٌ، وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ غَيْرُهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْفَاحِشَةُ خُرُوجَهَا، وَأَنْ تَكُونَ الْفَاحِشَةُ خُرُوجُهَا لِلْحَدِّ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَإِذَا احْتَمَلَتِ الْآيَةُ مَا وَصَفْتَ، فَأَيُّ الْمَعَانِي أَوْلَى بِهَا؟.\n\n١٥٥٣٧ - قَالَ: مَعْنَى مَا وَافَقَتْهُ السُّنَّةُ، قُلْتُ لَهُ: قَدْ ذَكَرْتُ لَكَ السُّنَّةَ فِي فَاطِمَةَ وَأَوْجَدْتُكَ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"11","page":288},{"text":"١٥٥٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ، عَنْهُ مِنْ إِنْكَارِهِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ فَهُوَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَمَّارُ بْنُ رُزَيْقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْجَامِعِ مَعَ الْأَسْوَدِ فَقَالَ: أَتَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ ⦗٢٨٩⦘ قَيْسٍ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ:  «مَا كُنَّا لِنَدَعَ كِتَابَ رَبِّنَا وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ لِقَوْلِ امْرَأَةٍ لَا نَدْرِي أَحَفِظَتْ ذَلِكَ أَمْ لَا».\n\n١٥٥٣٩ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ رُزَيْقٍ، هَكَذَا، وَزَادَ فِيهِ بَعْضَهُمْ عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ، قَوْلَ عُمَرَ غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ: «لَهَا السُّكْنَى وَالنَّفَقَةُ» قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [الطلاق: ١]. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَبَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ.\n\n١٥٥٤٠ - وذَهَبَ غَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ إِلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ، غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n١٥٥٤١ - فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ رُزَيْقٍ فِي السُّكْنَى دُونَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ.\n\n١٥٥٤٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: «وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّنَا» إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، وَأَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ وَحَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ ⦗٢٩٠⦘.\n\n١٥٥٤٣ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارُقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ ﵀، فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْهُ: هَذَا الْكَلَامُ لَا يَثْبُتُ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ أَحْفَظُ مِنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ وَأَثْبَتُ مِنْهُ، وَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ رُزَيْقٍ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ يَحْيَى بْنِ آدَمَ سَوَاءٌ،\n\n١٥٥٤٤ - وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ مَتْرُوكٌ،\n\n١٥٥٤٥ - وَأَشْعَثُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ ضَعِيفٌ.\n\n١٥٥٤٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ.\n\n١٥٥٤٧ - وَالْأَعْمَشُ أَثْبَتُ مِنْ أَشْعَثَ وَأَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n١٥٥٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا يُعْرَفُ هَذَا اللَّفْظُ الزَّائِدُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ مُرْسَلًا، وَفِي حَدِيثِ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ عِنْدَ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَوْلَ عُمَرَ هَذَا، فَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ ذَاتُ عَقْلٍ وَرَأْيٍ تَنْسَى قَضَاءً قُضِيَ بِهِ عَلَيْهَا. قَالَ: وَكَانَ الشَّعْبِيُّ يَأْخُذُ بِقَوْلِهَا.\n\n١٥٥٤٩ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَطَّةَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، وَذَكَرَ، لَهُ قَوْلَ عُمَرَ: لَا نَدَعُ كِتَابَ رَبِّنَا وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّنَا، قُلْتُ: يَصِحُّ هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ؟ قَالَ: لَا.\n\n١٥٥٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ اتَّهَمَ حَدِيثَ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ، وَقَالَ: «لَا نَدَعُ كِتَابَ رَبِّنَا لِقَوْلِ امْرَأَةٍ»، قُلْنَا: لَا نَعْرِفُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ اتَّهَمَهَا، وَمَا كَانَ فِي حَدِيثِهَا مَا يُتَّهَمُ لَهُ مَا حَدَّثَ إِلَّا بِمَا لَا تُحِبُّ وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ ⦗٢٩١⦘ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ لَهَا شَرَفٌ وَعَقْلٌ وَفَضْلٌ، وَلَوْ رُدَّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ حَدِيثَهَا، كَانَ إِنَّمَا يُرَدُّ مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهَا بِالْخُرُوجِ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا، فَلَمْ تَذْكُرْ هِيَ لِمَ أُمِرَتْ بِذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ لِأَنَّهَا اسْتَطَالَتْ عَلَى أَحْمَائِهَا، \" فَأُمِرَتْ بِالتَّحَوُّلِ عَنْهُمْ لِلشَّرِّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ، وَلَمْ تُؤْمَرْ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ، إِنَّمَا أُمِرَتْ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ؛ لِأَنَّ مِنْ حَقِّ الزَّوْجِ أَنْ تُحْصَنَ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِي الْعِدَّةُ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ عُذْرٌ حُصِنَتْ فِي غَيْرِ بَيْتِهِ، فَكَأَنَّهُمْ أَحَبُّوا لَهَا ذِكْرَ السَّبَبِ الَّذِي أُخْرِجَتْ لَهُ لِئَلَّا يَذْهَبَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ الْمَبْتُوتَةُ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ فِي غَيْرِ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا.\n\n١٥٥٥١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَمَا نَعْلَمُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ذِكْرَ نَفَقَةٍ إِنَّمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ذِكْرَ السُّكْنَى.\n\n١٥٥٥٢ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَقَوْلَ مَرْوَانَ لِعَائِشَةَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْعُدَدِ.\n\n١٥٥٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ تَلَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [الطلاق: ١] وَذَلِكَ يُؤَكِّدُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"11","page":288},{"text":"١٥٥٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَيْنَ تَعْتَدُّ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلَاثًا؟ قَالَ: «تَعْتَدُّ فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ قَيْسٍ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ؟ قَالَ: «تِلْكَ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي فَتَنَتِ النَّاسَ، إِنَّهَا اسْتَطَالَتْ عَلَى أَحْمَائِهَا بِلِسَانِهَا، فَأَمَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا كَفِيفَ الْبَصَرِ» ⦗٢٩٢⦘.\n\n١٥٥٥٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ فِي خُرُوجِ فَاطِمَةَ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ سُوءِ الْخُلُقِ».\n\n١٥٥٥٦ - وَفِي قِصَّةِ عَائِشَةَ وَمَرْوَانَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ لِلشَّرِّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ.\n\n١٥٥٥٧ - وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ يُؤَكِّدُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَقَدْ أَتَى عَلَى جَوَّابِ مَا عُورِضَ بِهِ فِيمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ وَلَمْ يَدَعْ لِقَائِلٍ فِيهِ مَغْمَزًا، فَأَمَّا إِنْكَارُ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْكَارَهُ رِوَايَةَ مَنْ رَوَى فِي حَدِيثِ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ: «لَا سُكْنَى لَكِ وَلَا نَفَقَةَ»، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْوِ الْحَدِيثَ بِتَمَامِهِ، فَهُوَ قَدْ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ بِتَمَامِهِ كَمَا سَمِعَهُ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَلَا أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ.\n\n١٥٥٥٨ - وَالزُّهْرِيُّ أَحْفَظُ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ.\n\n١٥٥٥٩ - وَلَا يُعَابُ الْعَالِمُ بِالسُّكُوتِ عَمَّا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ، إِنَّمَا يُعَابُ بِتَرْكِ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ غَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ أَوْ رِوَايَةِ مَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ.\n\n١٥٥٦٠ - ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْصُرْ عَلَى الْإِنْكَارِ حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ وَبَيَّنَ بِمَا تَلَا مِنَ الْآيَةِ.\n\n١٥٥٦١ - وَرَوَى مِنْ تَأْوِيلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٥٥٦٢ - وَحَكَى عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَغَيْرِهِ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تُسْتَحِقَّ السُّكْنَى فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا لِاسْتِطَالَتِهَا بِلِسَانِهَا عَلَى أَحْمَائِهَا، وَأَنَّ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي السُّكْنَى خَرَجَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَلَمْ يُقَلِّدْ ظَنًّا مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلْمٍ حَتَّى أَقَامَ الْحُجَّةَ عَلَى أَنْ يَقُولَ: «لَا سُكْنَى» خَرَجَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَأَنَّ إِنْكَارَ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهَا وَقَعَ عَلَى كِتْمَانِهَا سَبَبَ الْإِخْرَاجِ، وَلَمْ نَجِدْ فِي قَوْلِهِ: «لَا نَفَقَةَ لَكِ»، وَجْهًا نَحْمِلُهُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٢٩٣⦘ سِوَى مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ ظَاهِرُهُ، بَلْ وَجَدْنَا فِي بَعْضِ الْأَخْبَارِ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ وَيَجْعَلُهُ مُوَافِقًا لَمَّا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ ﷿ مِنَ الْإِنْفَاقِ عَلَى أُولَاتِ الْأَحْمَالِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِنَّ","vol":"11","page":291},{"text":"١٥٥٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ يَسْأَلُهَا، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عِنْدَ ابْنِ حَفْصٍ وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَمَرَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبِ عَلَى بَعْضِ الْيَمَنِ، فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ زَوْجُهَا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا بِتَطْلِيقَةٍ كَانَتْ بَقِيَتْ لَهَا، وَأَمَرَ عَيَّاشَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، وَالْحَارِثَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَا: وَاللَّهِ مَا لَهَا نَفَقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ حَامِلًا، فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ:  «لَا نَفَقَةَ لَكِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونِيَ حَامِلًا». وَاسْتَأْذَنَتْهُ فِي الِانْتِقَالِ، فَأَذِنَ لَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: أَيْنَ انْتَقِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «عِنْدَ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ» وَكَانَ أَعْمَى تَضَعُ ثِيَابَهَا عِنْدَهُ فَلَا يُبْصِرُهَا، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ هُنَالِكَ حَتَّى قُضِيَتْ عِدَّتُهَا، فَأَنْكَحَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أُسَامَةَ، فَرَجَعَ قَبِيصَةُ، يَعْنِي إِلَى مَرْوَانَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ ذَلِكَ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ","vol":"11","page":293},{"text":"١٥٥٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ: «نَفَقَةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ مَا لَمْ تُحَرَّمْ، فَإِذَا حُرِّمَتْ فَمَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ»","vol":"11","page":293},{"text":"١٥٥٦٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: «لَيْسَتِ الْمَبْتُوتَةُ الْحُبْلَى مِنْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ أَجْلِ الْحَبَلِ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ غَيْرَ حُبْلَى فَلَا نَفَقَةَ لَهَا»\n\n١٥٥٦٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثًا: «لَيْسَ لَهَا نَفَقَةٌ»","vol":"11","page":294},{"text":"١٥٥٦٦ - وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلَاثًا لَا تَنْتَقِلُ، وَهِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ لَا نَفَقَةَ لَهَا»","vol":"11","page":294},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1083>بَابُ النَّفَقَةِ عَلَى الْأَقَارِبِ</span>","vol":"11","page":295},{"text":"١٥٥٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ، وَعَلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣]، وَقَالَ: ﴿فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى﴾ [الطلاق: ٦] \"","vol":"11","page":295},{"text":"١٥٥٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ هِنْدًا قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ وَلَيْسَ لِي إِلَّا مَا أَدْخَلَ عَلَيَّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ» ⦗٢٩٦⦘. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ.\n\n١٥٥٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَفِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيَانٌ أَنَّ الْإِجَارَاتِ جَائِزَةٌ عَلَى مَا يَعْرِفُ النَّاسُ إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ٦]\n\n١٥٥٧٠ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي تَبْيِينِهِ. قَالَ: وَبَيَانُ أَنَّ عَلَى الْوَالِدِ نَفَقَةَ الْوَلَدِ دُونَ أُمِّهِ، كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ مُتَزَوِّجَةً أَوْ مُطَلَّقَةً.\n\n١٥٥٧١ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّفَقَةَ لَيْسَتْ عَلَى الْمِيرَاثِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْأُمَّ وَارِثَةٌ وَفَرْضُ النَّفَقَةِ وَالرَّضَاعِ عَلَى الْأَبِ دُونَهَا.\n\n١٥٥٧٢ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣] مِنْ أَنْ لَا تُضَارَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا، لَا أَنَّ عَلَيْهَا الرَّضَاعَ","vol":"11","page":295},{"text":"١٥٥٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا رُوِيَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ﴿وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣] قَالَا: «فِي الْإِضْرَارِ أَنْ لَا تُضَارَّ».\n\n١٥٥٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَإِنَّا قَدْ رُوِّينَا مِنْ حَدِيثِكُمْ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَجْبَرَ عَصَبَةَ غُلَامٍ عَلَى رَضَاعَةِ الرِّجَالِ دُونَ النِّسَاءِ، قُلْنَا: أَفَتَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قُلْتُ: أَفَتَخُصُّ الْعَصَبَةَ: وَهُمُ الْأَعْمَامُ وَبَنُو الْعَمِّ وَالْقَرَابَةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ؟ قَالَ: لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونُوا ذَوِي رَحِمٍ مُحَرَّمٍ، قُلْنَا: فَالْحُجَّةُ عَلَيْكَ فِي هَذَا كَالْحُجَّةِ فِيمَا احْتَجَجْتَ بِهِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَقَدْ خَالَفْتَ هَذَا، قَدْ يَكُونُ لَهُ بَنُو عَمٍّ فَيَكُونُونَ لَهُ عَصَبَةٌ وَوَرَثَةٌ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِمُ النَّفَقَةَ وَهُمُ الْعَصَبَةُ الْوَرَثَةُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ لَهُ ذَا رَحِمٍ تَرَكْتَهُ ضَائِعًا.\n\n١٥٥٧٥ - فَقَالَ لِي قَائِلٌ: قَدْ خَالَفْتُمْ هَذَا أَيْضًا ⦗٢٩٧⦘.\n\n١٥٥٧٦ - قُلْنَا: أَمَّا الْأَثَرُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَنَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنْكَ لَيْسَ تَعْرِفُهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُ\n\n١٥٥٧٧ - ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَكَانَ يَقُولُ: وَعَلَى الْوَالِدَاتِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، عَلَى الْوَارِثِ أَنْ لَا تُضَارَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا\n\n١٥٥٧٨ - وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ مِنَّا\n\n١٥٥٧٩ - وَالْآيَةُ مُحْتَمِلَةٌ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٥٥٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْأَثَرُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ، جَبَرَ عَصَبَةَ صَبِيٍّ أَنْ يُنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِ، الرِّجَالُ دُونَ النِّسَاءِ «\n\n١٥٥٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ» أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، جَبَرَ رَجُلًا عَلَى رَضَاعِ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ «\n\n١٥٥٨٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،» أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، أَعْزَمَ ثَلَاثَةً كُلُّهُمْ يَرِثُ الصَّبِيَّ أَجْرَ رَضَاعِهِ \".\n\n١٥٥٨٣ - وَحَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مَعَ انْقِطَاعِهِ يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، وَرِوَايَةُ لَيْثٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٥٥٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَا يُجْبَرَ فِيهِ إِلَّا وَالِدٌ أَوْ وَلَدٌ مِنْ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ ⦗٢٩٨⦘.\n\n١٥٥٨٥ - وَذَكَرَ فِيمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ مَا بَلَغَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ».\n\n١٥٥٨٦ - وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «أَوْلَادُكُمْ مِنْ أَطْيَبِ كَسْبِكُمْ، فَكُلُوا مِنْ كَسْبِكُمْ» وَالْوَلَدُ مِنَ الْوَالِدِ فَلَا يُتْرَكُ يَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ غِنًى وَلَا حِيلَةً، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ هَكَذَا أَحَدًا\n\n١٥٥٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ: «أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ» قَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الرِّسَالَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"11","page":296},{"text":"١٥٥٨٨ - وَأَمَّا مَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ قَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ، فَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ وَوَلَدُهُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ» ⦗٢٩٩⦘.\n\n١٥٥٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ مَوْقُوفًا.\n\n١٥٥٩٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n١٥٥٩١ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، مَوْصُولًا مَرْفُوعًا.\n\n١٥٥٩٢ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَزَادَ: «فَكُلُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ»","vol":"11","page":298},{"text":"١٥٥٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ «أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ، وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ». أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٥٥٩٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ.\n\n١٥٥٩٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «إِذَا احْتَجْتُمْ». قَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ: وَهَذَا وَهْمٌ مِنْ حَمَّادٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هُوَ مُنْكَرٌ","vol":"11","page":299},{"text":"١٥٥٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْأَخْنَسِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنُّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَبِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَجْتَاحَ مَالِي، فَقَالَ: «أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِوَالِدِكَ، إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلْتُمْ مِنْ كَسْبِكُمْ فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا»","vol":"11","page":300},{"text":"١٥٥٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ الْمَرْثَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَيْضُ بْنُ وَثيقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الطَّائِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَبِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَالِي كُلَّهُ فَيَجْتَاحَهُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ، يَعْنِي لِأَبِيهِ، \" إِنَّمَا لَكَ مِنْ مَالِهِ مَا يَكْفِيكَ، فَقَالَ: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ؟» فَقَالَ: ارْضَ مِنْهُ بِمَا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ ﷿\n\n١٥٥٩٨ - وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى بِذَلِكَ النَّفَقَةَ وَالْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"11","page":300},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1084>بَابُ أَيِّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَلَدِ</span>؟","vol":"11","page":301},{"text":"١٥٥٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: أَظُنُّهُ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ» خَيَّرَ غُلَامًا بَيْنَ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ \". هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ مُخْتَصَرًا\n\n١٥٦٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، سَمِعَهُ مِنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، يُحَدِّثُهُ عَنْ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ أَتَى رَجُلٌ فَارِسِيُّ وَامْرَأَةٌ لَهُ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي ابْنٍ لَهُمَا، فَقَالَ الْفَارِسِيُّ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، هَذَا ⦗٣٠٢⦘ بُسْرٌ، فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: لَأَقْضِيَنَّ بَيْنَكُمَا بِمَا شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِهِ، يَا غُلَامُ هَذَا أَبُوكَ وَهَذِهِ أُمُّكَ فَاخْتَرْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: شَهِدْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَةٌ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي ابْنٍ لَهُمَا، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ابْنِي قَدْ نَفَعَنِي، وَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: ابْنِي يَسْقِيَنِي مِنْ بِئْرِ أَبِي عُتْبَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا غُلَامُ هَذَا أَبُوكَ وَهَذِهِ أُمُّكَ، فَاخْتَرْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ»","vol":"11","page":301},{"text":"١٥٦٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْجَرْمِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ الْجَرْمِيِّ قَالَ: خَيَّرَنِي عَلِيُّ بَيْنَ أُمِّي وَعَمِّي، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَخٍ لِي أَصْغَرَ مِنِّي:  «وَهَذَا أَيْضًا لَوْ بَلَغَ مَبْلَغَ هَذَا لَخَيَّرْتُهُ».\n\n١٥٦٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلَهُ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: وَكُنْتُ ابْنَ سَبْعٍ أَوْ ثَمَانِ سِنِينَ\n\n١٥٦٠٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ، «أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، خَيَّرَ غُلَامًا بَيْنَ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ».\n\n١٥٦٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: الْأُمُّ أَحَقُّ بِالْغُلَامِ حَتَّى يَأْكُلَ وَحْدَهُ وَيَلْبَسَ وَحْدَهُ، ثُمَّ الْأَبُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، ثُمَّ الْأُمُّ أَحَقُّ بِالْجَارِيَةِ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ ⦗٣٠٣⦘.\n\n١٥٦٠٥ - وَسَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ رَوَوْا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ خَيَّرَ غُلَامًا بَيْنَ أَبَوَيْهِ وَأَحَدُهُمَا مُشْرِكٌ، وَرَوَوْهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَنْ شُرَيْحٍ بِأَحَادِيثَ يُثْبِتُونَهَا وَلَمْ يُخَالِفُوهَا إِلَى قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ يَقُومُ بِقَوْلِهِ عِنْدَهُمْ حُجَّةٌ.\n\n١٥٦٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَقَدْ ذَكَرَهَا فِي الْجَدِيدِ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ","vol":"11","page":302},{"text":"١٥٦٠٧ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رَوَوْا فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى الرَّازِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى هُوَ ابْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي رَافِعِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ أَنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ وَأَبَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ، فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَتِ: ابْنَتِي وَهِيَ فَطِيمٌ، أَوْ شِبْهُهُ، وَقَالَ رَافِعٌ: ابْنَتِي، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اقْعُدْ نَاحِيَةً»، وَقَالَ لَهَا: «اقْعُدِي نَاحِيَةً»، فَأَقْعَدَ الصِّبْيَةَ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: «ادْعُوَاهَا»، فَمَالَتِ الصَّبِيَّةُ إِلَى أُمِّهَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِهَا» فَمَالَتْ نَاحِيَةَ أَبِيهَا، فَأَخَذَهَا.\n\n١٥٦٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا نُكِحَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا حَقَّ لَهَا فِي كَيْنُونَةِ وَلَدِهَا عِنْدَهَا","vol":"11","page":303},{"text":"١٥٦٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ ⦗٣٠٤⦘: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ ابْنِي هَذَا كَانَ بَطْنِي لَهُ وِعَاءٌ، وَثَدْيِي لَهُ سِقَاءٌ، وَحِجْرِي لَهُ حِوَاءٌ، وَإِنَّ أَبَاهُ طَلَّقَنِي وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْزِعَهُ مِنِّي، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَنْتِ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مَا لَمْ تَنْكِحِي».\n\n١٥٦١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجْتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَلَهَا أُمٌّ لَا زَوْجَ لَهَا، فَالْأُمُّ تَقُومُ مَقَامَ ابْنَتِهَا فِي الْوَلَدِ","vol":"11","page":303},{"text":"١٥٦١١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، ثُمَّ انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ، وَأَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرٌو السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ: كَانَتْ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ فَارَقَهَا عُمَرُ، فَرَكِبَ يَوْمًا إِلَى قُبَاءَ، فَوَجَدَ ابْنَهُ يَلْعَبُ بِفِنَاءِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَأَخَذَ بِعَضُدِهِ فَوَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الدَّابَّةِ، فَأَدْرَكَتْهُ جَدَّةُ الْغُلَامِ فَنَازَعَتْهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَأَقْبَلَا حَتَّى أَتَيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: ابْنِي، وَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: ابْنِي، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: «خَلِّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ، فَمَا رَاجَعَهُ عُمَرُ الْكَلَامَ»\n\n١٥٦١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي تَنَازُعِهِمْ فِي حَضَانَةِ ⦗٣٠٥⦘ ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ: فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: أَنَا آخُذُهَا وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ أَخِي، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِخَالَتِهَا وَقَالَ: «الْخَالَةُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأُمِّ»","vol":"11","page":304},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1085>بَابُ نَفَقَةِ الْمَمَالِيكِ</span>","vol":"11","page":306},{"text":"١٥٦١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ عَجْلَانَ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لِلْمَمْلُوكِ طَعَامُهُ وَكِسْوَتُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَلَا يُكَلَّفُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ إِلَّا مَا يُطِيقُ».\n\n١٥٦١٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"11","page":306},{"text":"١٥٦١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي خِدَاشٍ، عَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ فِي الْمَمْلُوكِينَ: «أَطْعِمُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ، وَاكْسُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَلْبَسُونَ».\n\n١٥٦١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ ٢٥ الْمَعْرُورِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"11","page":306},{"text":"١٥٦١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَسَنٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا وَاصِلٌ الْأَحْدَبُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْمَعْرُورَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ، يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيَّ وَعَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ، وَعَلَى غُلَامِهِ حُلَّةٌ ⦗٣٠٧⦘ فَسَأَلْنَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: سَابَبْتُ رَجُلًا فَشَكَانِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَعَيَّرْتَهُ بِأُمِّهِ؟» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ إِخْوَانَكُمْ خَوَلُكُمْ جَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَحْتَ أَيْدِيكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ أَخُوهُ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ وَلْيُلْبِسْهُ مِمَّا يَلْبَسُ، وَلَا تُكَلِّفُوهُمْ مَا يَغْلِبُهُمْ، فَإِنْ كَلَّفْتُمُوهُمْ مَا يَغْلِبُهُمْ فَأَعِينُوهُمْ عَلَيْهِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهِ آخَرَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ.\n\n١٥٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا قَالَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَمَا قَبْلَهُ: وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ حَالِ النَّاسِ فِيمَا مَضَى ضَيِّقًا، وَكَانَ كَثِيرٌ مِمَّنِ اتَّسَعَتْ حَالُهُ مُقْتَصِدًا، وَمَعَاشُهُمْ وَمَعَاشُ رَقِيقِهِمْ مُتَقَارِبًا، فَأَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حَالُهُ هَكَذَا وَخَالَفَ مَعَاشَ السَّلَفِ وَالْعَرَبِ فَأَكَلَ رَقِيقَ الطَّعَامِ وَلَبِسَ جَيِّدَ الثِّيَابِ، فَلَوْ آسَ رَقِيقَهُ كَانَ أَكْرَمَ وَأَحْسَنَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَلَهُ مَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «نَفَقَتُهُ وَكِسْوَتُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ»، وَالْمَعْرُوفُ عِنْدَنَا: الْمَعْرُوفُ لِمِثْلِهِ فِي بَلَدِهِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ بِهِ","vol":"11","page":306},{"text":"١٥٦١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَفَى أَحَدُكُمْ خَادِمَهُ، طَعَامَهُ حَرَّهُ ⦗٣٠٨⦘ وَدُخَانَهُ فَلْيَدَعْهُ فَلْيُجْلِسْهُ مَعَهُ فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيُرَوِّغْ لَهُ لُقْمَةً فَلْيُنَاوِلْهُ إِيَّاهَا أَوْ يُعْطِهِ إِيَّاهَا» أَوْ كَلِمَةً هَذَا مَعْنَاهَا.\n\n١٥٦٢٠ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «فَلْيُنَاوِلْهُ أُكْلَةً أَوْ أُكْلَتَيْنِ».\n\n١٥٦٢١ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقَالَ: «فَإِنْ كَانَ الطَّعَامُ قَلِيلًا فَلْيَضَعْ فِي يَدِهِ أُكْلَةً أَوْ أُكْلَتَيْنِ».\n\n١٥٦٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْنَا مِنْ تَبَايُنِ طَعَامِ الْمَمْلُوكِ وَطَعَامِ سَيِّدِهِ إِذَا أَرَادَ سَيِّدُهُ طَيِّبَ الطَّعَامِ لَا أَدْنَى مَا يَكْفِيهِ.\n\n١٥٦٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْمَمْلُوكُ الَّذِي يَلِي طَعَامَ الرَّجُلِ مُخَالِفٌ عِنْدَنَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ الَّذِي لَا يَلِي طَعَامَهُ.\n\n١٥٦٢٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَفِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا يُوَافِقُ بَعْضَ مَعْنَى هَذَا، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ﴾، فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُرْزَقَ مِنَ الْقِسْمَةِ أُولُوا الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ الْحَاضِرُونَ الْقِسْمَةَ، وَلِهَذَا أَشْبَاهٌ، وَهِيَ أَنْ تُضَيِّفَ مَنْ جَاءَكَ وَلَا تُضَيِّفَ مَنْ لَمْ يَقْصِدْ قَصْدَكَ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مُحْتَاجًا إِلَّا أَنْ تَتَطَوَّعَ ⦗٣٠٩⦘.\n\n١٥٦٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ لِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا: فِي قِسْمَةِ الْمَوَارِيثِ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: قِسْمَةُ الْمَوَارِيثِ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ، فَهَذَا أَوْسَعُ وَأَحَبُّ إِلَى أَنْ يُعْطُوا مَا طَابَ بِهِ نَفْسُ الْمُعْطِي وَلَا يُؤَقَّتُ وَلَا يَحْرِمُونَ.\n\n١٥٦٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مَا بَلَغَنَا فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ فِي كِتَابِ الْوَصَايَا.\n\n١٥٦٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَعْنَى لَا يُكَلَّفُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ إِلَّا مَا يُطِيقُ الدَّوَامَ عَلَيْهِ، لَيْسَ مَا يُطِيقُهُ يَوْمًا أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَعْجِزُ فِيمَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"11","page":307},{"text":"١٥٦٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، يَقُولُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ: «لَا تُكَلِّفُوا الصَّغِيرَ الْكَسْبَ فَإِنَّكُمْ مَتَى كَلَّفْتُمُوهُ الْكَسْبَ سَرَقَ، وَلَا تُكَلِّفُوا الْأَمَةَ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ الصَّنْعَةِ الْكَسْبَ فَإِنَّكُمْ مَتَى كَلَّفْتُمُوهَا الْكَسْبَ كَسَبَتْ بِفَرْجِهَا»","vol":"11","page":309},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1086>بَابُ نَفَقَةِ الدَّوَابِّ</span>","vol":"11","page":310},{"text":"١٥٦٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ دَابَّةٌ فِي الْمِصْرِ أَوْ شَاةٌ أَوْ بَعِيرٌ عَلَفَهُ مَا يُقِيمُهُ، فَإِنِ امْتَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَخَذَهُ السُّلْطَانُ يَعْلِفُهُ أَوْ يَبِيعَهُ،\n\n١٥٦٣٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَا تُحْلَبُ أُمَّهَاتُ النَّسْلِ إِلَّا فَضْلًا عَمَّا يُقِيمُ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَحْلِبُهَا وَيَتْرُكُهُنَّ يَمُتْنَ هُزَالًا","vol":"11","page":310},{"text":"١٥٦٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أِبي يَعْقُوبَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَرْدَفَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ خَلْفَهُ، فَدَخَلَ حَائِطًا لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ جَمَلٌ يَعْيِي، فَلَمَّا رَأَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ذَرَفَتْ عَيْنَاهُ، فَأَتَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَمَسَحَ سَرَاتَهُ إِلَى سَنَامِهِ وَذَفْرَيْهِ، فَسَكَنَ، فَقَالَ:  «مَنْ رَبُّ هَذَا الْجَمَلِ؟ لِمَنْ ⦗٣١١⦘ هَذَا الْجَمَلُ؟» فَجَاءَ فَتًى مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ لِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَا تَتَّقِي اللَّهَ فِي هَذِهِ الْبَهِيمَةِ الَّتِي مَلَّكَكَ اللَّهُ إِيَّاهَا، فَإِنَّهَا تَشْكُو إِلَيَّ أَنَّكَ تُجِيعُهُ وَتَدْئِبُهُ»\n\n١٥٦٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرِهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «عُذِّبَتِ امْرَأَةٌ فِي هِرَّةٍ حَبَسَتْهَا، لَا هِيَ أَطْعَمَتْهَا، وَلَا هِيَ أَرْسَلَتْهَا تَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَشَاشِ الْأَرْضِ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ جُوعًا»\n\n١٥٦٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ضِرَارِ بْنِ الْأَزْوَرِ قَالَ: أُهْدِيَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَعْجَةٌ، فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَحْلِبَهَا، فَحَلَبْتُهَا فَجَهَدْتُ حَلْبَهَا، فَقَالَ: «دَعْ دَاعِيَ اللَّبَنِ»","vol":"11","page":310},{"text":"١٥٦٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَوَادَةَ بْنَ رَبِيعٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَأَمَرَ لِي بِذَوْدٍ وَقَالَ ⦗٣١٢⦘:  «إِذَا رَجَعْتَ إِلَى بَنِيكَ فَمُرْهُمْ فَلْيُحْسِنُوا غِذَاءَ رِبَاعِهِمْ، وَمُرْهُمْ فَلْيُقَلِّمُوا أَظَافِرَهُمْ وَلَا يَغْبِطُوا بِهَا ضُرُوعَ مَوَاشِيهِمْ إِذَا حَلَبُوا»","vol":"11","page":311},{"text":"١٥٦٣٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعَلَّى بْنُ أَسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حُمْرَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَالِمٌ الْجَرْمِيُّ، عَنْ سَوَادَةَ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ لِي بِذَوْدٍ وَقَالَ لِي: \" مُرْ بَنِيكَ أَنْ يَقُصُّوا أَظْفَارَهُمْ عَنْ ضُرُوعِ إِبِلِهِمْ وَمَوَاشِيهِمْ، وَقُلْ لَهُمْ: فَلْتُخَلُّوا عَلَيْهَا سِخَالَهَا لَا تُدْرِكُهَا السَّنَةُ وَهِيَ عِجَافٌ \"، وَقَالَ لِي: «هَلْ لَكَ مَالٌ؟» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ لِي مَالٌ، إِبِلٌ وَخَيْلٌ وَرَقِيقٌ قَالَ: «عَلَيْكَ بِالْخَيْلِ فَارْتَبِطْهَا، فَإِنَّ الْخَيْلَ مُعَلَّقٌ فِي نَوَاصِيهَا الْخَيْرُ». وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ، عَنْ مُعَلَّى وَقَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: فَلْتُخَلُّوا عَلَيْهَا سِخَالَهَا","vol":"11","page":312},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1087>٢٨ - كِتَابُ الْجِرَاحِ</span>","vol":"12","page":5},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1088>بَابُ الْجِرَاحِ</span>\n١٥٦٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ ﵀، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥١] \"،\n\n١٥٦٣٦ - وَذَكَرَ سَائِرَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الْقَتْلِ، قَالَ: وَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا، وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ، وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَابًا عَظِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ٩٣]\n⦗٦⦘،\n\n١٥٦٣٧ - وَقَالَ فِي قَتْلِ الْوِلْدَانِ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ. . .﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ مِنْ إِمْلَاقٍ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُكُمْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥١]، وَذَكَرَ سَائِرَ الْآيَاتِ فِيهِ","vol":"12","page":5},{"text":"١٥٦٣٩ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ عَمْرِو الْبَجَلِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيَّ، يَقُولُ ⦗٧⦘: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قُلْتُ: أَيُّ الْكَبَائِرِ أَكْبَرُ؟ قَالَ: «أَنْ تَجْعَلَ للَّهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَكَ»، قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيُّ؟ قَالَ: «أَنْ تَقْتُلَ وَلَدَكَ أَجْلَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مَعَكَ»،\n\n١٥٦٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"12","page":6},{"text":"١٥٦٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا يَحِلُّ قَتْلُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: كُفْرٌ بَعْدَ إِيمَانٍ، أَوْ زِنًا بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ، أَوْ قَتْلُ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ \"، ⦗٨⦘\n\n١٥٦٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":7},{"text":"١٥٦٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا أَزَالُ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا فَقَدْ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ»","vol":"12","page":8},{"text":"١٥٦٤٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ، عَنِ الْمِقْدَادِ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَقِيتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ فَقَاتَلَنِي، فَضَرَبَ إِحْدَى يَدَيَّ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَطَعَهَا، ثُمَّ لَاذَ مِنِّي بِشَجَرَةٍ، فَقَالَ: أَسْلَمْتُ لِلَّهِ: أَفَأَقْتُلُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَقْتُلْهُ»، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ قَطَعَ يَدِي، ثُمَّ قَالَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَطَعَهَا، أَفَأَقْتُلُهُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَقْتُلْهُ، فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ، فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ، وَإِنَّكَ ⦗٩⦘ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ كَلِمَتَهُ الَّتِي قَالَ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٥٦٤٥ - وَفِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّ إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: يَعْنِي فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ يَصِيرُ مُبَاحَ الدَّمِ، لَا أَنَّهُ يَصِيرُ مُشْرِكًا، إِذْ كَانَ مُبَاحَ الدَّمِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ","vol":"12","page":8},{"text":"١٥٦٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ بِشَيْءٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا عُذِّبَ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ","vol":"12","page":9},{"text":"١٥٦٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا يَحْضُرُنِي ذِكْرُهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِقَتِيلٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ؟» فَلَمْ يُذْكَرْ لَهُ أَحَدٌ، فَغَضِبَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوِ اشْتَرَكَ فِيهِ أَهْلُ السَّمَاءِ وَأَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ لَكَبَّهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي النَّارِ»،\n\n١٥٦٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ الْخَفَّافِ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ","vol":"12","page":10},{"text":"١٥٦٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا أَحْفَظُهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «قَتْلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ يَعْدِلُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ زَوَالَ الدُّنْيَا»","vol":"12","page":10},{"text":"١٥٦٥٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" مَنْ أَعَانَ عَلَى قَتْلِ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِشَطْرِ كَلِمَةٍ، لَقِيَ اللَّهَ مَكْتُوبٌ بَيْنَ ⦗١١⦘ عَيْنَيْهِ: آيِسٌ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ \"","vol":"12","page":10},{"text":"١٥٦٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَقَتْلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ أَعْظَمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ زَوَالِ الدُّنْيَا»،\n\n١٥٦٥٢ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّانِي، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا،\n\n١٥٦٥٣ - وَرَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ وَقِيلَ ابْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ الشَّامِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"12","page":11},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1089>جِمَاعُ إِيجَابِ الْقِصَاصِ فِي الْعَمْدِ</span>\n١٥٦٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣]،\n\n١٥٦٥٥ - قَالَ: لَا يَقْتُلُ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ، وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ مَا قِيلَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٥٦٥٦ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨]،\n\n١٥٦٥٧ - فَالْقِصَاصُ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ مِمَّنْ فَعَلَ مَا فِيهِ الْقِصَاصُ، لَا مِمَّنْ يَفْعَلُهُ،\n\n١٥٦٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ لِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣] عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، وَطَلْقِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ","vol":"12","page":12},{"text":"١٥٦٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ: وُجِدَ فِي قَائِمِ سَيْفِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كِتَابٌ: \" إِنَّ أَعْدَى النَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ: الْقَاتِلُ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ، وَالضَّارِبُ غَيْرَ ضَارِبِهِ، وَمَنْ تَوَلَّى غَيْرَ مَوَالِيهِ، فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ \"","vol":"12","page":12},{"text":"١٥٦٦٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: مَا كَانَ فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ الَّتِي فِي قِرَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: كَانَ فِيهَا:  «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْقَاتِلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ، وَالضَّارِبَ غَيْرَ ضَارِبِهِ، وَمَنْ تَوَلَّى غَيْرَ وَلِيِّ نِعْمَتِهِ، فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ»","vol":"12","page":13},{"text":"١٥٦٦١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، أَوْ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنِ اعْتَبَطَ مُؤْمِنًا فَقُتِلَ، فَهُوَ قَوَدٌ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْضَى وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ، فَمَنْ حَالَ دُونَهُ، فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَغَضَبُهُ، وَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ»","vol":"12","page":13},{"text":"١٥٦٦٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبْجَرَ، عَنْ إِيَادِ بْنِ لَقِيطٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رِمْثَةَ، قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرَأَى أَبِي الَّذِي بِظَهْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: دَعْنِي أُعَالِجُ الَّذِي بِظَهْرِكَ، فَإِنِّي طَبِيبٌ، فَقَالَ: «أَنْتَ رَفِيقٌ»، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ هَذَا مَعَكَ؟» قَالَ: ابْنِي أَشْهَدُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَا يَجْنِي عَلَيْكَ، وَلَا تَجْنِي عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"12","page":13},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1090>بَابٌ: الْحُكْمُ فِي قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ</span>\n١٥٦٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: مِنَ الْعِلْمِ الْعَامِّ الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ لَقِيتُهُ، ⦗١٥⦘ فَحَدَّثَنِيهِ أَوْ بَلَغَنِي عَنْهُ مِنْ عُلَمَاءِ الْعَرَبِ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْوَحْيِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَبَايُنٌ فِي الْفَضْلِ، وَيَكُونُ بَيْنَهَا مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْجِيرَانِ مِنْ قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ وَالْخَطَأِ، فَكَانَ بَعْضُهَا يَعْرِفُ لِبَعْضٍ الْفَضْلَ فِي الدِّيَاتِ، حَتَّى تَكُونَ دِيَةُ الرَّجُلِ الشَّرِيفِ أَضْعَافَ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ دُونَهُ، فَأَخَذَ بِذَلِكَ بَعْضَ مَنْ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهَا بِأَقْصَدَ مِمَّا كَانَتْ تَأْخُذُ بِهِ، فَكَانَتْ دِيَةُ النَّضِيرِيِّ ضِعْفَ دِيَةِ الْقُرَيْظِيِّ،\n\n١٥٦٦٤ - وَكَانَ الشَّرِيفُ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ إِذَا قُتِلَ تَجَاوَزُوا قَاتِلَهُ إِلَى مَنْ يَقْتُلُهِ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ الْقَبِيلَةِ الَّتِي قَتَلَهُ أَحَدُهَا، وَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَرْضَوْا إِلَّا بِعَدَدٍ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ، فَقُتِلَ بَعْضُ غَنِيِّ شَأْسِ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ، فَجَمَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُوهُ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ جَذِيمَةَ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: أَوْ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَذُبُّ عَنْهُمْ: سَلْ فِي قَتْلِ شَأْسٍ؟ فَقَالَ: إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ لَا تُرْضِينِي غَيْرُهَا، فَقَالُوا: مَا هِيَ؟ قَالَ: تُحْيُونَ لِي شَأْسًا، أَوْ تَمْلَئُونَ رِدَائِي مِنْ نُجُومِ السَّمَاءِ، أَوْ تَدْفَعُونَ إِلَيَّ غَنِيًّا بِأَسْرِهَا فَأَقْتُلَهَا، ثُمَّ لَا أَرَى أَنِّي أَخَذْتُ عِوَضًا،\n\n١٥٦٦٥ - وَقَتَلَ كُلَيْبًا وَائِلٌ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا دَهْرًا طَوِيلًا، وَاعْتَزَلَهُمْ بَعْضُهُمْ فَأَصَابُوا ابْنًا لَهُ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ عُزْلَتِي، فَبُجَيْرٌ بِكُلَيْبٍ، وَكُفُّوا عَنِ الْحَرْبِ، فَقَالُوا: بُجَيْرٌ بِشِسْعِ كُلَيْبٍ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ وَكَانَ مُعْتَزِلًا، ⦗١٦⦘\n\n١٥٦٦٦ - قَالَ: فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ نَزَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِمَّا كَانُوا يَحْكُمُونَ بِهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ هَذَا الْحُكْمَ الَّذِي أَحْكِيهِ بَعْدَ هَذَا، وَحَكَمَ اللَّهُ بِالْفِدَاءِ، فَسَوَّى فِي الْحُكْمِ بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ: الشَّرِيفِ مِنْهُمْ وَالْوَضِيعِ: ﴿أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْمًا لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٥٠]،\n\n١٥٦٦٧ - فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ نَزَلَ وَبَعْضُ الْعَرَبِ يَطْلُبُ بَعْضًا بِدِمَاءٍ وَجِرَاحٍ، فَنَزَلَ فِيهِمْ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحَرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨]","vol":"12","page":14},{"text":"١٥٦٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ، عَنْهُ كَتَبَ فِي قَتِيلٍ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ خَيْوَانَ وَوَادِعَةَ أَنْ يُقَاسَ مَا بَيْنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ فَإِلَى أَيِّهِمَا كَانَ أَقْرَبَ أُخْرِجَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا، حَتَّى يُوَافُوهُ مَكَّةَ، فَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الْحِجْرَ، فَأَحْلَفَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَضَى عَلَيْهِمْ بِالدِّيَةِ، فَقَالُوا: مَا وَفَّتْ أَمْوَالُنَا أَيْمَانَنَا، وَلَا أَيْمَانُنَا أَمْوَالَنَا، قَالَ عُمَرُ ﵁: كَذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ،\n\n١٥٦٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁: «حَقَنْتُمْ بِأَيْمَانِكُمْ دِمَاءَكُمْ» وَلَا يُطَلُّ دَمُ مُسْلِمٍ،\n\n١٥٦٧٠ - فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ مَا يُخَالِفُونَ عُمَرَ ﵁ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ مِنَ الْأَحْكَامِ،\n\n١٥٦٧١ - ثُمَّ قِيلَ لَهُ: أَفَثَابِتٌ هُوَ عِنْدَكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ، وَالْحَارِثُ الْأَعْوَرُ مَجْهُولٌ، وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الثَّابِتِ: أَنَّهُ بَدَأَ الْمُدَّعِينَ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا ⦗١٧⦘ قَالَ: «فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا؟» وَإِذَا قَالَ: «تُبْرِئُكُمْ»، فَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ غَرَامَةٌ، وَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقْبَلِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّونَ أَيْمَانَهُمْ، وَدَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى يَهُودَ وَالْقَتِيلُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ شَيْئًا،\n\n١٥٦٧٢ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنِ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: حَارِثٌ الْأَعْوَرُ كَانَ كَذَّابًا،\n\n١٥٦٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَجِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ الْأَعْوَرُ، وَأَشْهَدُ بِاللَّهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ كَذَّابًا،\n\n١٥٦٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٥٦٧٥ - قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي إِسْحَاقَ: مَنْ حَدَّثَكَ؟ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُجَالِدٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ،\n\n١٥٦٧٦ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، ⦗١٨⦘\n\n١٥٦٧٧ - وَمُجَالِدٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ\n\n١٥٦٧٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمِصْرِيِّ، خَادِمِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: \" سَافَرْتُ إِلَى خَيْوَانَ وَوَادِعَةَ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ سَفَرًا أَسْأَلُهُمْ عَنْ حُكْمِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ فِي الْقَتِيلِ، وَأَحْكِي لَهُمْ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّيْءَ مَا كَانَ بِبَلَدِنَا قَطُّ \"،\n\n١٥٦٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْعَرَبُ أَحْفَظُ شَيْءٍ لِأَمْرٍ كَانَ،\n\n١٥٦٨٠ - وَقَرَأْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْعَاصِمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ آدَمَ خَادِمِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، قَالَ: «وَدَاعَةُ»، ⦗١٩⦘\n\n١٥٦٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، بِمَعْنَاهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «ثَلَاثًا وَعِشْرِينَ سَفْرَةً»، وَقَالَ: «بَيْنَ خَيْوَانَ وَوَدَاعَةَ»،\n\n١٥٦٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ بَدَأَ الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ الْأَيْمَانَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِينَ","vol":"12","page":16},{"text":"١٥٦٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَعِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ لَيْثٍ أَجْرَى فَرَسًا، فَوَطِئَ عَلَى إِصْبَعِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ، فَنَزَى مِنْهَا، فَمَاتَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِلَّذِينَ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ: أَتَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا مَا مَاتَ مِنْهَا؟ فَأَبَوْا وَتَحَرَّجُوا مِنَ الْأَيْمَانِ، فَقَالَ لِلْآخَرِينَ: احْلِفُوا أَنْتُمْ، فَأَبَوْا، فَقَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِشَطْرِ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى السَّعْدِيِّينَ،\n\n١٥٦٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا قَضَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَلَوْ سَمِعَ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مَا جَاوَزَهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ،\n\n١٥٦٨٥ - كَمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ، فِي كُلِّ مَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِمَّا لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ،\n\n١٥٦٨٦ - وَمَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ، وَفِي أَخْبَارِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَحْتَجَّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِرِوَايَةِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي اسْتِحْلَافِهِ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فِي قِصَّةِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الدِّيَةَ\n\n١٥٦٨٧ - وَلَا بِرِوَايَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ صُبْحٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، عَنْ ⦗٢٠⦘ صَفْوَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، فِي قَضَائِهِ بِنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «إِنَّمَا قَضَيْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِقَضَاءِ نَبِيِّكُمْ ﷺ\n\n١٥٦٨٨ - لِإِجْمَاعِ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى تَرْكِ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِمَا وَمُخَالَفَتِهِمَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ رِوَايَةَ الثِّقَاتِ الْأَثْبَاتِ»\n\n١٥٦٨٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَنَّ «قَتِيلًا وُجِدَ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يُقَاسَ إِلَى أَيِّهِمَا أَقْرَبُ، فَوُجِدَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى أَحَدِ الْحَيَّيْنِ بِشِبْرٍ، فَأَلْقَى دِيَتَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ»،\n\n١٥٦٩٠ - إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو إِسْرَائِيلَ الْمُلَائِيُّ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوْفِيِّ، وَكِلَاهُمَا ضَعِيفٌ\n\n١٥٦٩١ - وَأَمَّا الْقَتْلُ بِالْقَسَامَةَ: فَفِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ بِالْقَسَامَةَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي نَصْرِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ \"\n\n١٥٦٩٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ: أَنَّ «النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَادَ بِالْقَسَامَةِ فِي الطَّائِفِ»،\n\n١٥٦٩٣ - وَكِلَاهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"12","page":19},{"text":"١٥٦٩٤ - وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِي الْقَتْلِ بِالْقَسَامَةِ وَأَعْلَاهُ بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ سَهْلٍ بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ مَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي خَارِجَةُ ⦗٢١⦘ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، قَالَ: \" قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَهُوَ سَكْرَانُ رَجُلًا آخَرَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ فِي عَهْدِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، ضَرَبَهُ بَالشُّوبَقِ، حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ شَهَادَةٌ إِلَّا لَطْخٌ، وَشُبْهَةٌ، قَالَ: فَاجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُ النَّاسِ عَلَى أَنْ يَحْلِفَ وُلَاةُ الْمَقْتُولِ، ثُمَّ يُسَلَّمُ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَيَقْتُلُوهُ، فَقَالَ خَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: فَرَكِبْنَا إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَقَصَصْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ، فَكَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ إِنْ كَانَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا لَهُ حَقًّا أَنْ يُحَلِّفَنَا عَلَى الْقَاتِلِ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمَهُ إِلَيْنَا، فَجِئْنَا بِكِتَابِ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا مُنْفِذٌ كِتَابَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاغْدُوا عَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ، فَغَدَوْنَا إِلَيْهِ، فَأَسْلَمَهُ إِلَيْنَا سَعِيدٌ بَعْدَ أَنْ حَلَفْنَا عَلَيْهِ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا \"","vol":"12","page":20},{"text":"١٥٦٩٥ - وَقَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: وَأَمَرَ لِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَرَدَدْتُ قَسَامَهُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ نَفَرٍ، أَوْ خَمْسَةِ نَفَرٍ \"،\n\n١٥٦٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، أَنَّ ابْنَ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٥٦٩٧ - ورُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَسَعِيدٍ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَفِي النَّاسِ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمِنْ فُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ مَا لَا يُحْصَى، وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ اثْنَانِ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ وُلَاةُ الْمَقْتُولِ وَيَقْتُلُوا أَوْ يَسْتَحْيُوا، فَحَلَفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَقَتَلُوا وَكَانُوا يُخْبِرُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَضَى بِالْقَسَامَةِ»\n\n١٥٦٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ فِي \" الْحَاطِبِيِّ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ الصُهَيْبِيُّ، فَقَضَى عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ بِالْقَسَامَةِ وَالْقَتْلِ بِهَا، قَالَ هِشَامٌ: وَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عُرْوَةُ، وَرَأَى أَنْ قَدْ أُصِيبَ فِيهِ الْحَقُّ \"","vol":"12","page":21},{"text":"١٥٦٩٩ - وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَأَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُمَا \" أَقَادَا بِالْقَسَامَةِ،\n\n١٥٧٠٠ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّهُ رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"12","page":22},{"text":"١٥٧٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «لَمْ يَقْضِ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ بِقَوَدٍ»،\n\n١٥٧٠٢ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"12","page":22},{"text":"١٥٧٠٣ - وَفِي جَامِعِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ:  «الْقَسَامَةُ تُوجِبُ الْعَقْلَ، وَلَا تُشِيطُ الدَّمَ»،\n\n١٥٧٠٤ - وَهَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٥٧٠٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: رًوِّينَا هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ،\n\n١٥٧٠٦ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ، وَقَدْ رًوِّينَا عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، بِخِلَافِهِ","vol":"12","page":22},{"text":"١٥٧٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ الطَّنَافِسِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، قَالَ:  «كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ، فَأَتَاهُ ثَلَاثَةٌ، فَشَهِدُوا عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ أَنَّهُمَا أَغْرَقَا صَبِيًّا، وَشَهِدَ الِاثْنَانِ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ أَنَّهُمْ غَرَّقُوهُ، فَقَضَى عَلَى الثَّلَاثَةِ بِخُمُسَيِ الدِّيَةِ، وَعَلَى الثَّلَاثَةِ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَخْمَاسِ الدِّيَةِ»،\n\n١٥٧٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا وَلَا أَحَدٍ عَلِمْنَاهُ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا، يَقُولُونَ لَيْسَ لِوَلِيِّ الدَّمِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَدَّعِيَ عَلَى إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ ⦗٢٣⦘\n\n١٥٧٠٩ - وَقَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ: \" إِذَا قُتِلَ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَلَمْ يُدْرَ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ، قِيلَ لِلْأَوْلِيَاءِ: أَقِيمُوا إِلَى مَنْ شِئْتُمْ وَاسْتَحِقُّوا الدِّيَةَ، هَذَا إِذَا جَاءُوا جَمِيعًا فَشَهِدُوا \"","vol":"12","page":22},{"text":"١٥٧١٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ \" غُلَامَيْنِ كَانَا يَلْعَبَانِ بِقُلَّةٍ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: حَذَارِ، أَوْ قَالَ الْآخَرُ: حَذَارِ فَأَصَابَتْ ثَنِيَّتَهُ فَكَسَرَتْهَا، فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَلَمْ يُضَمِّنْهُ \"،\n\n١٥٧١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُضَمِّنُونَ هَذَا وَيُخَالِفُونَ مَا رَوَوْا فِيهِ","vol":"12","page":23},{"text":"١٥٧١٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ، قَالَ: \" كُنْتُ رَابِعَ أَرْبَعَةٍ نَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ، فَتَطَاعَنَّا بِمُدْيَةٍ كَانَتْ مَعَنَا، فَرُفِعْنَا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَسَجَنَنَا، فَمَاتَ مِنَّا اثْنَانِ، فَقَالَ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولَيْنِ: أَقِدْنَا مِنَ الْبَاقِينَ، فَسَأَلَ عَلِيٌّ الْقَوْمَ مَا يَقُولُونَ؟ قَالُوا: نَرَى أَنْ تُقِدْهُمَا، فَلَعَلَّ أَحَدَهُمَا قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُ، فَقَالُوا: لَا نَدْرِي، قَالَ: وَأَنَا لَا أَدْرِي، وَسَأَلَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ؟ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ مَقَالَةِ الْقَوْمِ، فَأَجَابَهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، فَجَعَلَ دِيَةَ الْمَقْتُولَيْنِ عَلَى قَبَائِلَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ دِيَةَ جِرَاحِ الْبَاقِينَ \"،\n\n١٥٧١٣ - لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ عَلَى هَذَا وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَ هَذِهِ الْآثَارَ إِلْزَامًا لِلْعِرَاقِيِّينَ بِالْقِصَاصِ،\n\n١٥٧١٤ - وَالثَّالِثُ: أَنَّ الْهُرْمُزَانَ وَإِنْ أَقَرَّ بِالْإِسْلَامِ حِينَ مَسَّهُ السَّيْفُ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ مَعْرُوفٌ مَشْهُورٌ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ» تَعَجُّبًا، أَوْ تَبْعِيدًا لِمَا اتَّهَمَهُ بِهِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَمَنِ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى إِسْلَامِهِ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مَا","vol":"12","page":23},{"text":"١٥٧١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بُشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،. . . فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ قُدُومِ الْهُرْمُزَانِ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ وَمَا جَرَى فِي أَمَانِهِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: أَخْرِجُوا هَذَا عَنِّي، سَيِّرُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، قَالَ الْهُرْمُزَانُ: فَسَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ تَكَلَّمَ بِكَلَامٍ بَعْدِي، فَقُلْتُ لِلَّذِي بَعْدِي: إِيشْ قَالَ؟ قَالَ: قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اكْسِرْ بِهِ»، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ غَرِّقْهُ قَالَ: لَا، إِنَّمَا قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اكْسِرْ بِهِ» قَالَ: فَمَا حَمَلَ فِي السَّفِينَةِ، فَسَارَتْ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ فَتَحَ أَلْوَاحَ السَّفِينَةِ، فَقَالَ الْهُرْمُزَانُ: «فَوَقَعْتُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَهُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلِ اللَّهُمَّ غَرِّقْهُ، فَرَجَوْتُ أَنْ أَنْجُوَ، فَسَبَحْتُ فَنَجَوْتُ، فَأَسْلَمَ»،\n\n١٥٧١٦ - فَهُوَ ذَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ قَدْ أُخْبِرَ بِإِسْلَامِهِ، قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِزَمَانٍ،","vol":"12","page":24},{"text":"١٥٧١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: حَاصَرْنَا تُسْتَرَ، فَنَزَلَ الْهُرْمُزَانُ عَلَى حُكْمِ عُمَرَ. . . فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قُدُومِهِ بِهِ عَلَى عُمَرَ، وَمَا جَرَى فِي أَمَانِهِ،\n\n١٥٧١٨ - قَالَ أَنَسٌ: وَأَسْلَمَ وَفَرَضَ لَهُ، يَعْنِي أَسْلَمَ الْهُرْمُزَانُ وَفَرَضَ لَهُ عُمَرُ،\n\n١٥٧١٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ حَيَّةَ، فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَهْوَازِ قِصَّةَ الْهُرْمُزَانِ مَعَ عُمَرَ، وَقَوْلِ عُمَرَ: أَمَا لِي فَأَسْلَمَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَسْلَمَ،","vol":"12","page":24},{"text":"١٥٧٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي ⦗٢٥⦘ خَالِدٍ، قَالَ: فَرَضَ عُمَرُ ﵁ لِلْهُرْمُزَانِ دِهْقَانِ الْأَهْوَازِ الْعَطَاءَ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ","vol":"12","page":24},{"text":"١٥٧٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ، قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ الْهُرْمُزَانَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَافِعًا يَدَيْهِ يُهِلُّ أَوْ يُكَبِّرُ»،\n\n١٥٧٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَوِ اقْتَصَرَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ عَلَى مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ مَشَايخُهُ لَمْ يَقَعْ لَهُ هَذَا الْخَطَأُ الْفَاحِشُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يُغْرِبُ وَيُخْطِئُ، وَلَا تَسْتَوْحِشْ مِنْ رَدِّ الْأَخْبَارِ الصَّحِيحَةِ وَمُعَارَضَتِهَا بِأَمْثَالِ هَذَا. وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ","vol":"12","page":25},{"text":"١٥٧٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّبْعِيُّ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ»،\n\n١٥٧٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَمَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":25},{"text":"١٥٧٢٥ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ، أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، ⦗٢٦⦘ فَرُفِعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَالَ:  «أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ أَوْفَى بِذِمَّتِهِ»، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ \"","vol":"12","page":25},{"text":"١٥٧٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا مِنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلِ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ، فَكَتَبَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنْ يُدْفَعَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ، فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوا، وَإِنْ شَاءُوا عَفَوْا، فَدُفِعَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حُنَيْنٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ، فَقَتَلَهُ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: إِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ لَمْ يَقْتُلْ فَلَا تَقْتُلُوهُ، فَرَأَوْا أَنَّ عُمَرَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُرْضِيَهُمْ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ \"","vol":"12","page":26},{"text":"١٥٧٢٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ \" شَاسَ الْجُذَامِيَّ، قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَنْبَاطِ الشَّامِ، فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَكَلَّمَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ وَنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنَهَوْهُ عَنْ قَتْلِهِ، قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ دِيَتَهُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ \"","vol":"12","page":27},{"text":"١٥٧٢٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَفِي كِتَابِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَخْبَرَنَا قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَنُوبِ الْأَسَدِيِّ، قَالَ: أُتِيَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، قَالَ: فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَجَاءَ أَخُوهُ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَفَوْتُ، قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّهُمْ هَدَّدُوكَ أَوْ فَرَقُوكَ وَفَزَعُوكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنَّ قَتْلَهُ لَا يَرُدُّ عَلَيَّ أَخِي، وَعَوَّضُونِي فَرَضِيتُ، قَالَ: أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ ذِمَّتُنَا، فَدَمُهُ كَدَمِنَا وَدِيَتُهُ كَدِيتِنَا \"،\n\n١٥٧٢٩ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنُ، شَهِدَ قَتْلَ رَجُلٍ بِذِمِّي بِكِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ\n\n١٥٧٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ كَفَانَا الشَّافِعِيُّ الْجَوَّابَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ ⦗٢٨⦘ قَائِلٌ: فَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا بِكَافِرٍ \"،\n\n١٥٧٣١ - قُلْنَا: أَفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كُنَّا نَحْنُ وَأَنْتَ نُثْبِتُ الْمُنْقَطِعَ بِحُسْنِ الظَّنِّ بِمَنْ رَوَى فَرُوِيَ حَدِيثَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالْآخَرُ مُتَّصِلٌ بِخِلَافِهِ أَيُّهُمَا كَانَ أَوْلَى بِنَا أَنْ نَتَّبِعَهُ؟ الَّذِي ثَبَّتْنَاهُ وَقَدْ عَرَفْنَا مَنْ رَوَاهُ بِالصِّدْقٍ، أَوِ الَّذِي ثَبَّتْنَاهُ بِالظَّنِّ؟\n\n١٥٧٣٢ - قَالَ: بَلِ الَّذِي ثَبَّتْنَاهُ مُتَّصِلًا، قُلْنَا: فَحَدِيثُنَا مُتَّصِلٌ وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ خَطَأٌ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَى ابْنُ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا كَانَ لَهُ عَهْدٌ إِلَى مُدَّةٍ، وَكَانَ الْمَقْتُولُ رَسُولًا، فَقَتَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ \"،\n\n١٥٧٣٣ - فَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا كُنْتُ قَدْ خَالَفْتُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ حَدِيثِنَا وَحَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ،\n\n١٥٧٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي قَتَلَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ قَبْلَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَقَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ بِزَمَانٍ، وَخُطْبَتُهُ ﷺ «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ» عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، فَلَوْ كَانَ كَمَا يَقُولُ كَانَ مَنْسُوخًا، قَالَ: فَلِمَ لَمْ يَقُلْ بِهِ وَيَقُولُ هُوَ مَنْسُوخٌ وَقُلْتُ هُوَ خَطَأٌ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَقَدْ عَاشَ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دَهْرًا، وَأَنْتَ إِنَّمَا تَأْخُذُ الْعِلْمَ مِنْ بَعْدُ، لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ مِثْلُ مَعْرِفَةِ أَصْحَابِنَا، وَعَمْرٌو قَتَلَ اثْنَيْنِ وَدَاهُمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَزِدِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ. . . عَلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «قَتَلْتَ رَجُلَيْنِ لَهُمَا مِنِّي عَهْدٌ لَأَدِيهُمَا»،\n١٥٧٣٥ - قَالَ: فَأَنَا بِهَذَا، مَعَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا بِأَنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي شَيْبَانَ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ، فَكَتَبَ أَنِ اقْتُلُوهُ، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: لَا تَقْتُلُوهُ. . . أَفَرَأَيْتَ وَكَتَبَ أَنِ اقْتُلُوهُ وَقُتِلَ وَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ عَنْهُ، أَكَانَ يَكُونُ لِعُمَرَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ؟ قَالَ: فَلَا،\n\n١٥٧٣٦ - قُلْنَا: فَأَحْسَنُ حَالِكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ احْتَجَجْتَ بِغَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ يُقِيمُ الْحُجَّةَ عَلَيْكَ بِهِ؟ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ إِلَّا مَا قَالَ عُمَرُ؟ ⦗٢٩⦘ أَكَانَ يَحْكُمُ بِحُكْمٍ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا عَنْ عَلْمٍ بَلَغَهُ هُوَ أَوْلَى مِنْ قَوْلِهِ أَوْ أَنْ يَرَى أَنَّ الَّذِيَ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنَ الَّذِي قَالَ فَيَكُونُ قَوْلُهُ رَاجِعًا أَوْلَى أَنْ يَصِيرَ إِلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُرْضِيَهُ بِالدِّيَةَ؟،\n\n١٥٧٣٧ - قُلْنَا: فَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُخِيفَهُ بِالْقَتْلِ وَلَا يَقْتُلُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَيْسَ هَذَا فِي الْحَدِيثٍ\n\n١٥٧٣٨ - قُلْنَا: وَلَيْسَ مَا قُلْتُ بِهِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّيتُمْ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ فِي \" مُسْلِمٍ قَتَلَ نَصْرَانِيًّا: إِنْ كَانَ الْقَاتِلُ قِتَّالًا، فَاقْتُلُوهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ قَتَّالٍ، فَذَرُوهُ، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوهُ \"\n\n١٥٧٣٩ - قُلْنَا: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فَإِنْ، شِئْتَ فَقُلْ هُوَ ثَابِتٌ، وَلَا نُنَازِعُكَ فِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ قَبْلَهُ: قُلْتُ: فَاتَّبِعْ عُمَرَ كَمَا قَالَ فَأَنْتَ لَا تَتَّبِعُهُ فِيمَا قَالَ، قَالَ: وَلَا نَسْمَعُكَ تَحْتَجُّ بِمَا عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ: فَثَبَتَ عَنْ عُمَرَ عِنْدَكُمْ فِي هَذَا شَيْءٌ؟ قُلْنَا: وَلَا حَرْفٌ، وَهَذِهِ أَحَادِيثُ مُنْقَطِعَاتٌ أَوْ ضِعَافٌ أَوْ تَجْمَعُ الِانْقَطَاعَ وَالضَّعْفَ جَمِيعًا\n\n١٥٧٤٠ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِيهِ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، «أَمَرَ بِمُسْلِمٍ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا أَنْ يَقْتُلُهَ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَنَعُوهُ، فَوَدَاهُ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَلَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ»،\n\n١٥٧٤١ - فَقُلْتُ: هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْ يُجْهَلُ فَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ ثَابِتٍ فَدَعِ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَعَلَيْكَ فِيهِ حُكْمٌ وَلَكَ فِيهِ آخَرُ، فَقُلْ بِهِ حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ أَنَّكَ قَدِ اتَّبَعْتَهُ عَلَى ضَعْفِهِ،\n\n١٥٧٤٢ - قَالَ: وَمَا عَلَيَّ مِنْهُ؟ قُلْنَا: زَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ، فَمَنَعَهُ أُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَجَعَ لَهُمْ، فَهَذَا عُثْمَانُ وَنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُجْمِعُونَ أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ، فَقَدْ خَالَفْتُمْ، قَالَ: فَقَدْ أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ؟ قُلْنَا: قَدْ رَجَعَ فَالرُّجُوعُ أَوْلَى بِهِ،\n\n١٥٧٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، ثُمَّ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ⦗٣٠⦘ الْحَافِظِ، ثُمَّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أَنَّهُمْ ضَعَّفُوا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ،\n\n١٥٧٤٤ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْهُ: ابْنُ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ ضَعِيفٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ إِذَا وَصَلَ الْحَدِيثَ، فَكَيْفَ بِمَا يُرْسِلَهُ،\n\n١٥٧٤٥ - وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَيْسَ بِمُسْنَدٍ وَلَا يُجْعَلُ مِثْلُهُ إِمَامًا يُسْفَكُ بِهِ دِمَاءُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ","vol":"12","page":27},{"text":"١٥٧٤٦ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، قَالَ: \" قُلْتُ لِزُفَرَ: إِنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّا نَدْرَأُ الْحُدُودَ بِالشُّبُهَاتِ وَإِنَّكُمْ جِئْتُمْ إِلَى أَعْظَمِ الشُّبُهَاتِ فَأَقْدَمْتُمْ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتَ: الْمُسْلِمُ يُقْتَلُ بِالْكَافِرِ، قَالَ: فَاشْهَدْ أَنْتَ عَلَى رُجُوعِي عَنْ هَذَا \"،\n\n١٥٧٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدٍ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":30},{"text":"١٥٧٤٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ فِي قَتْلِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ نَبَطِيًّا وَقَوْلِ عُمَرَ: «اجْلِسْ لِلْقِصَاصِ»، فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: أَتُقِيدُ عَبْدَكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ؟ فَتَرَكَ عُمَرُ الْقَوَدَ، وَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِالدِّيَةِ \"،\n\n١٥٧٤٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: مَا يَنْبَغِي هَذَا وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ الْقَاتِلَ،\n\n١٥٧٥٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ: «أَرَأَيْتَ لَوَ قَتَلَ عَبْدًا لَهُ أَكُنْتَ قَاتِلَهُ بِهِ؟ فَصَمَتَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ثُمَّ قَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ مُغَلِّظًا عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"12","page":30},{"text":"١٥٧٥١ - وَرُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادِهِ مَوْصُولًا عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ  «رَجُلًا مُسْلِمًا قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ عَمْدًا، وَرُفِعَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فَلَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ» وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي قَتْلِ الْمُسْلِمِ بِالذِّمِّي، فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ أَبُو الْجَنُوبِ، وَأَبُو الْجَنُوبِ ضَعِيفُ الْحَدِيثِ، قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَهُ غَيْرُهُ أَيْضًا،\n\n١٥٧٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَا دَلَّكُمْ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا لَا يَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْئًا، فَيَقُولُ بِخِلَافِهِ\n\n١٥٧٥٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبِ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ» وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"12","page":31},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1091>مَنْعُ قَتْلِ الْحُرِّ بِالْعَبْدِ</span>\n١٥٧٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «وَإِنَّمَا مَنَعَنَا مِنْ قَوَدِ الْعَبْدِ مِنَ الْحُرِّ مَا لَا اخْتِلَافَ بَيْنَنَا فِيهِ» ⦗٣٣⦘ وَالسَّبَبُ الَّذِي قُلْنَاهُ لَهُ مَعَ الِاتِّبَاعِ أَنَّ الْحُرَّ كَامِلُ الْأَمْرِ فِي أَحْكَامِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَالْعَبْدَ نَاقِصٌ فِي أَحْكَامِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ، ثُمَّ نَاقَضَهُمْ لِمَنْعِهِمُ الْقِصَاصَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْجِرَاحِ","vol":"12","page":32},{"text":"١٥٧٥٥ - وَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ بِالِاتِّبَاعِ مَا رُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، \" أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، كَانَا لَا يَقْتُلَانِ الْحُرَّ يَقْتُلُ الْعَبْدَ\n\n١٥٧٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ الطَّبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":33},{"text":"١٥٧٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ⦗٣٤⦘ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، «أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، كَانَا لَا يُقِيدَانِ الْحُرَّ بِالْعَبْدِ»","vol":"12","page":33},{"text":"١٥٧٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشَجِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَضَتَ السُّنَّةُ بِأَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ الْحُرُّ الْمُسْلِمُ بِالْعَبْدِ»،\n\n١٥٧٥٩ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ﵁","vol":"12","page":34},{"text":"١٥٧٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدَكَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ تَمِيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ:  «مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ مُسْلِمٌ بِذِي عَهْدٍ وَلَا حُرٌّ بِعَبْدٍ»،\n\n١٥٧٦١ - تَابَعَهُ وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ","vol":"12","page":34},{"text":"١٥٧٦٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فِي \" الْحُرِّ يَقْتُلُ الْعَبْدَ؟، قَالَا: الْقَوَدُ \"","vol":"12","page":34},{"text":"١٥٧٦٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:  «إِذَا قَتَلَ الْحُرُّ الْعَبْدَ مُتَعَمِّدًا، فَهُوَ قَوَدٌ»، ⦗٣٥⦘\n\n١٥٧٦٤ - وَهَذَا لَا يَثْبُتُ لِانْقِطَاعِهِ، وَلَا الْأَوَّلُ لِتَفَرُّدِ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ بِهِ","vol":"12","page":34},{"text":"١٥٧٦٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ  «لَمْ يَقُدْ حُرًّا بِعَبْدٍ»،\n\n١٥٧٦٦ - ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ","vol":"12","page":35},{"text":"١٥٧٦٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا:  «لَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْعَبْدِ»،\n\n١٥٧٦٨ - وَبِهِ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ\n\n١٥٧٦٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ قَتَلْنَاهُ، وَمَنْ جَدَعَهُ جَدَعْنَاهُ، وَمَنْ خَصَاهُ خَصَيْنَاهُ» فَذَهَبَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ إِلَى أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ كِتَابٌ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ غَيْرَ حَدِيثِ الْعَقِيقَةِ، وَقَدْ رَوَى قَتَادَةُ عَنْهُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ،\n\n١٥٧٧٠ - قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ نَسِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، فَقَالَ: \" لَا يُقْتَلُ حُرٌّ بِعَبْدٍ،\n\n١٥٧٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَنْسَ الْحَدِيثَ لَكِنْ رَغِبَ عَنْهُ لِضَعْفِهِ أَوْ عَرَفَ مَا نَسَخَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":35},{"text":"١٥٧٧٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ  «رَجُلًا قَتَلَ عَبْدًا لَهُ، فَجَلَدَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِائَةً، وَنَفَاهُ سَنَةً وَمَحَا سَهْمَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَمْ يُقِدْهُ بِهِ»، ⦗٣٦⦘\n\n١٥٧٧٣ - وَعَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٥٧٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ بِالْإِسْنَادَيْنِ،\n\n١٥٧٧٥ - وَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ الْحُجَّةُ لِضَعْفِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ،\n\n١٥٧٧٦ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَزَادَ: وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً","vol":"12","page":35},{"text":"١٥٧٧٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، فِي عَبْدٍ أَبْصَرَهُ سَيِّدُهُ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: يُقَبِّلُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ، فَغَارَ، فَجَبَّ مَذَاكِيرَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَلَيَّ بِالرَّجُلِ» فَطُلِبَ فَلَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اذْهَبْ فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ»، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَنْ نُصْرَتِي؟ قَالَ: «عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ» أَوْ قَالَ: «عَلَى كُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ»،\n\n١٥٧٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ تَسْنِيمٍ الْعَتَكِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَوَّارٌ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٥٧٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو\n\n١٥٧٨٠ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ يُثْبِتْ إِسْنَادَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، أَنَّهُ \" لَمْ يَرَ قَتْلَهُ بِعَبْدٍ، وَقَالَ: لِيَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً أَوْ لِيَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ \"","vol":"12","page":37},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1092>قِيمَةُ الْعَبْدِ إِذَا قُتِلَ</span>\n١٥٧٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ «فِي الْعَبْدِ يُقْتَلُ فِيهِ قِيمَتُهُ بَالِغَةٌ مَا بَلَغَتْ»\n\n١٥٧٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا يُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ ﵄، ثُمَّ جَعَلَهُ قِيَاسًا عَلَى «الْبَعِيرِ يُقْتَلُ، وَالْمَتَاعُ يُسْتَهْلَكُ»","vol":"12","page":38},{"text":"١٥٧٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، فِي \" الْحُرِّ يَقْتُلُ الْعَبْدَ؟ قَالَا: ثَمَنُهُ بَالِغًا مَا بَلَغَ \"،\n\n١٥٧٨٤ - وَهَذَا قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"12","page":38},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1093>الرَّجُلُ يَقْتُلُ ابْنَهُ</span>","vol":"12","page":39},{"text":"١٥٧٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ قَتَادَةُ حَذَفَ ابْنَهُ بِسَيْفٍ، فَأَصَابَ سَاقَهُ، فَنُزِيَ فِي جُرْحِهِ، فَمَاتَ، فَقَدْمَ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ جُعْشُمٍ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: اعْدِدْ لِي عَلَى قُدَيْدٍ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةَ بَعِيرٍ حَتَّى أَقْدِمَ عَلَيْكَ، فَلَمَّا قَدْمَ عُمَرُ أَخَذَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْإِبِلِ ثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً، وَثَلَاثِينَ جَذَعَةَ، وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيْنَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ؟ قَالَ: هَا أَنَا ذَا، قَالَ: خُذْهَا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ شَيْءٌ»،\n\n١٥٧٨٦ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ حَفِظْتُ عَنْ عَدَدٍ ⦗٤٠⦘ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ لَقِيتُهُمْ أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ الْوَالِدُ بِالْوَلَدِ، وَبِذَلِكَ أَقُولُ،\n\n١٥٧٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَهُوَ فِي الْقَوَدِ غَيْرُ مَرْفُوعٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَكَّدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِأَنَّ عَامَّةَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ بِهِ،\n\n١٥٧٨٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَرْفُوعًا مَوْصُولًا فِي الْقَوَدِ","vol":"12","page":39},{"text":"١٥٧٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ وَارَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي قَيْسٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ،. . . فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً، وَقَالَ فِيهَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يُقَادُ الْأَبُ مِنَ ابْنِهِ» لَقَتَلْتُكَ هَلُمَّ دِيَتَهُ، فَأَتَاهُ بِهَا، فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَى وَرَثَتِهِ، وَتَرَكَ أَبَاهُ،\n\n١٥٧٩٠ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ رَوَاهُ الدَّرَاقُطْنِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَخْلَدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَارَةَ،\n\n١٥٧٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، مَرْفُوعًا فِي إِقَادَةِ الِابْنِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ دُونَ الْأَبِ مِنَ ابْنِهِ،\n\n١٥٧٩٢ - وَالْحَجَّاجُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ","vol":"12","page":40},{"text":"١٥٧٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مَرْفُوعًا:  «لَيْسَ ⦗٤١⦘ عَلَى الْوَالِدِ قَوَدٌ مِنْ وَلَدٍ»،\n\n١٥٧٩٤ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْمَكِّيُّ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١٥٧٩٥ - غَيْرَ أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ الْعَنْبَرِيَّ قَدْ تَابَعَهُ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو هُوَ ابْنُ دِينَارٍ","vol":"12","page":40},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1094>الْقَوَدُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَبَيْنَ الْعَبِيدِ فِيمَا دُونَ النَّفْسِ</span>\n١٥٧٩٦ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ، وَذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، يُذْكَرُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تُقَادُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ فِي كُلِّ عَمْدٍ يَبْلُغُ نَفْسَهُ، فَمَا دُونَهَا مِنَ الْجِرَاحِ»،\n\n١٥٧٩٧ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَبِهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَأَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ\n\n١٥٧٩٨ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَجَرَحَتْ أُخْتُ الرَّبِيعِ إِنْسَانًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «الْقِصَاصُ»\n\n١٥٧٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فِيمَا كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: «يُقَادُ الْمَمْلُوكُ مِنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ فِي كُلِّ عَمْدٍ يَبْلُغُ نَفْسَهُ فَمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ»\n\n١٥٨٠٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تَجْرِي جِرَاحَاتُ الْعَبِيدِ عَلَى مَا تَجْرِي عَلَيْهِ ⦗٤٣⦘ جِرَاحَاتُ الْأَحْرَارِ»،\n\n١٥٨٠١ - وَرَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ فِي التَّفْسِيرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٥٨٠٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، نَحْوُ قَوْلِهِ الْأَوَّلِ،\n\n١٥٨٠٣ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَ الْأَكْثَرِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n١٥٨٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا كَانَتَ النَّفْسُ الَّتِي هِيَ الْأَكْثَرُ بِالنَّفْسِ فَالَّذِي هُوَ أَقَلُّ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بِالَّذِي هُوَ أَقَلُّ،\n\n١٥٨٠٥ - قَالَ: وَلَيْسَ الْقِصَاصُ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ، فَسُئِلَ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"12","page":42},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1095>النَّفَرُ يَقْتُلُونَ الرَّجُلَ أَوْ يُصِيبُونَهُ بِجُرْحٍ</span>","vol":"12","page":44},{"text":"١٥٨٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَتَلَ نَفَرًا خَمْسَةً أَوْ سَبْعَةً بِرَجُلٍ قَتَلُوهُ قَتْلَ غِيلَةٍ، وَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَوْ تَمَالَأَ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلُ صَنْعَاءَ لَقَتَلْتُهُمْ جَمِيعًا \"،\n\n١٥٨٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ عَدَدًا مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَانِ أَوِ الثَّلَاثَةُ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا فَلِوَلِيِّهِ قَتْلُهُمْ مَعًا\n\n١٥٨٠٨ - وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ، فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ \" غُلَامًا قُتِلَ غِيلَةً، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَوِ اشْتَرَكَ فِيهِ أَهْلُ صَنْعَاءَ لَقَتَلْتُهُمْ \"،\n\n١٥٨٠٩ - وَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، إِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً قَتَلُوا صَبِيًّا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ. . . مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٥٨١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ مَعْنَاهُ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"12","page":44},{"text":"١٥٨١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ \" رَجُلَيْنِ أَتَيَا عَلِيًّا فَشَهِدَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ أَنَّهُ سَرَقَ، فَقَطَعَ عَلِيٌّ يَدَهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَيَاهُ بِآخَرَ، فَقَالَا: هَذَا الَّذِي سَرَقَ، وَأَخْطَأْنَا عَلَى الْأَوَّلِ، فَلَمْ يُجِزْ شَهَادَتَهُمَا عَلَى الْآخَرِ، وَغَرَّمَهُمَا دِيَةَ يَدِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَقَالَ: لَوْ أَعْلَمُكُمَا تَعَمَّدْتُمَا لَقَطَعْتُكُمَا «ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ الْبَابِ،\n\n١٥٨١٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ» قَتَلَ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ بِرَجُلٍ \"،\n\n١٥٨١٣ - وَعَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ سَبْعَةً،\n\n١٥٨١٤ - وَبِهِ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ","vol":"12","page":45},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1096>بَابُ صِفَةِ قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ، وَشِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ، وَالْخَطَأِ</span>\n١٥٨١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ ⦗٤٧⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" الْقَتْلُ ثَلَاثَةُ وُجُوهٍ: عَمْدٌ: وَهُوَ مَا عَمَدَهُ الْمَرْءُ بِالْحَدِيدِ الْمُتَّخَذِ لِلْقَتْلِ، وَبِمَا الْأَغْلَبُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُعَاشُ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ بِكَثْرَةِ الضَّرْبِ وَتَتَابُعِهِ، أَوْ عِظَمِ مَا يُضْرَبُ بِهِ مِثْلُ فَضْخِ الرَّأْسِ وَمَا أَشْبَهُ، فَهَذَا كُلُّهُ عَمْدٌ \"،\n\n١٥٨١٦ - وَالْخَطَأُ: كُلُّ مَا ضَرَبَ الرَّجُلُ أَوْ رَمَى يُرِيدُ شَيْئًا فَأَصَابَ غَيْرَهُ، وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيدٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ،\n\n١٥٨١٧ - وَشِبْهُ الْعَمْدِ: وَهُوَ مَا عَمَدَ بِالضَّرْبِ الْخَفِيفِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَدِيدِ مِثْلِ الضَّرْبِ بِالسَّوْطٍ، أَوِ الْعِصِيِّ، أَوِ الْيَدِ، فَأَتَى عَلَى بَدَنِ الْمَضْرُوبِ، فَهَذَا الْعَمْدُ فِي الْفِعْلِ الْقَتْلُ فِي الْخَطَأِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَعْرِفُهُ الْعَامَّةُ بِشِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ، ⦗٤٨⦘\n\n١٥٨١٨ - وَفِي هَذِهِ الدِّيَةُ مُغَلَّظَةٌ، فِيهِ ثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً، وَثَلَاثُونَ جَذَعَةً، وَأَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً مَا بَيْنَ ثَنِيَّةٍ إِلَى بَازِلِ عَامِهَا","vol":"12","page":46},{"text":"١٥٨١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَلَا إِنَّ فِي قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ الْخَطَأِ بِالسَّوْطِ، أَوِ الْعَصَا مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ مُغَلَّظَةٌ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلَادُهَا»","vol":"12","page":48},{"text":"١٥٨٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ إِسْحَاقُ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ عَلَى دَرَجَةِ الْكَعْبَةِ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، فَقَالَ:  «الْحَمْدُ ⦗٤٩⦘ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي صَدَقَ وَعْدَهُ وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ. . . أَلَا إِنَّ قَتِيلَ الْعَمْدِ الْخَطَأِ بِالسَّوْطِ أَوِ الْعَصَا فِيهِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ مُغَلَّظَةٌ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلَادُهَا. . . أَلَا وَإِنَّ كُلَّ مَأْثَرَةٍ وَدَمٍ وَمَالٍ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ تَحْتَ قَدْمَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ سِقَايَةِ الْحَاجِّ، وَسِدَانَةِ الْبَيْتِ، فَإِنِّي أَمْضَيْتُهُمَا لِأَهْلِهِمَا كَمَا كَانَتَا»","vol":"12","page":48},{"text":"١٥٨٢١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مِنْ قُتِلَ فِي عِمِّيَّا فِي رَمْيٍ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ، أَوْ جُلِدَ بِالسَّوْطِ، أَوْ ضُرِبَ بِعَصًا، فَهُوَ خَطَأٌ عَقْلُهُ عَقْلُ الْخَطَأِ، وَمَنْ قُتِلَ عَمْدًا، فَقَوَدُ يَدَيْهِ، وَمَنْ حَالَ دُونَهُ، فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَغَضَبُهُ لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ»،\n\n١٥٨٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ،\n\n١٥٨٢٣ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي مُرْسَلٌ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو ⦗٥٠⦘ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «هُوَ خَطَأٌ عَقْلُهُ عَقْلُ الْخَطَأِ» يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ فَهُوَ شِبْهُ خَطَأٍ لَا يَجِبُ بِهِ الْقَوَدُ كَالْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":49},{"text":"١٥٨٢٥ - وَالْأَصْلُ فِي وُجُوبِ الْقِصَاصِ بِالْمِثْلِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ السُّنَّةِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ جَارِيَةً رُضِخَ رَأْسُهَا بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنٍ، فَقِيلَ لَهَا: مَنْ فَعَلَ هَذَا بِكَ أَفُلَانٌ؟ أَفُلَانٌ؟. حَتَّى سَمَّى الْيَهُودِيَّ، فَأَوْمَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى الْيَهُودِيِّ فَاعْتَرَفَ:  «فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرَضَخَ رَأْسَهُ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى","vol":"12","page":50},{"text":"١٥٨٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ، عَنْ مِرْدَاسٍ، أَنَّ  «رَجُلًا رَمَى رَجُلًا بِحَجَرٍ، فَقَتَلَهُ، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَأَقَادَهُ مِنْهُ»،\n\n١٥٨٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ⦗٥١⦘ حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ، عَنْ مِرْدَاسٍ. . .، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٥٨٢٨ - تَابَعَهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ،\n\n١٥٨٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَشْيَاخُنَا الَّذِينَ، أَدْرَكُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ. . . . فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":50},{"text":"١٥٨٣٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي ضَرَبَتْ ضَرَّتَهَا بِعَمُودِ فُسْطَاطٍ، فَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ: \" سَأَلَ النَّاسَ فِي الْجَنِينِ؟ فَقَامَ حَمَلُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّابِغَةِ فَقَالَ: كُنْتُ بَيْنَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ لِي، فَضَرَبَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِعَمُودٍ، وَفِي بَطْنِهَا جَنِينٌ فَقَتَلَتْهَا، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْجَنِينِ بِغُرَّةٍ، وَقَضَى أَنْ تُقْتَلَ الْمَرْأَةُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ \"\n\n١٥٨٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٥٨٣٢ - وَذَكَرَهُ أَيْضًا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِدِيَتِهَا وَبِغُرَّةٍ فِي جَنِينِهَا، وَقَدْ تَضْرِبُهَا ضَرْبًا الْأَغْلَبُ أَنْ لَا تَمُوتَ مِنْهُ فَلَا يَجِبُ بِهِ الْقِصَاصُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n١٥٨٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الْقِصَاصِ بِالضَّرْبِ بِالْعِصِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مِثْلُهُ يَقْتُلُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٥٢⦘\n\n١٥٨٣٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْعَمْدُ كُلُّهُ قَوَدٌ»\n\n١٥٨٣٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي \" رَجُلٍ أَحْرَقَ دَارًا عَلَى قَوْمٍ، فَاحْتَرَقُوا، قَالَ: يُقْتَلُ \"،\n\n١٥٨٣٦ - ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْهُمَا\n\n١٥٨٣٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بُشَيْرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «كُلُّ شَيْءٍ خَطَأٌ إِلَّا السَّيْفَ» فَمَدَارُهُ عَلَى جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، وَقَيْسِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ وَهُمَا غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِمَا، وَفِي بَعْضِ أَلْفَاظِهِ: \" إِنَّ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ خَطَأً إِلَّا السَّيْفَ.\n\n١٥٨٣٨ - وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي جَوَازِ وُقُوعِ قَتْلِ الْخَطَأِ بِالْحَدِيدِ، بِحَدِيثِ أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ الْيَمَانِ قُتِلَ أَبُوهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ بِالْحَدِيدِ، وَحُذَيْفَةُ يَقُولُ: أَبِي أَبِي،\n\n١٥٨٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ\n\n١٥٨٤٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" أَخْطَأَ بِهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ، فَتَوَشَّقُوهُ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ يَحْسَبُونَهُ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ، وَحُذَيْفَةُ يَقُولُ: أَبِي أَبِي، فَلَمْ يَفْقَهُوا قَوْلَهُ حَتَّى فَرَغُوا مِنْهُ، فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" ⦗٥٣⦘\n\n١٥٨٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الْأَسَانِيدُ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي سَمَّتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لَهَا، وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ أَكَلَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الشَّاةِ الْمَسْمُومَةِ بِشْرُ بْنُ الْبَرَاءِ فَمَاتَ، فَقَتَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَيُحْتَمَلَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لَهَا فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ، ⦗٥٤⦘ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ مِنْهُ بِشْرُ بْنُ الْبَرَاءِ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهَا، وَهَذَا هُوَ الْأَظْهَرُ» وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":51},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1097>الْحَالُ الَّتِي إِذَا قُتِلَ بِهَا الرَّجُلُ أُقِيدَ مِنْهُ</span>\n١٥٨٤٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ «خَرَقَ مَعِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْ مَوْضِعَيْنِ، وَعَاشَ ثَلَاثًا وَلَوْ قَتَلَهُ أَحَدٌ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ كَانَ قَاتِلًا، وَبَرِئَ الَّذِي جَرَحَهُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ فِي الْحُكْمِ»","vol":"12","page":56},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1098>قَتْلُ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"12","page":57},{"text":"١٥٨٤٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، ﵁، وَلَّى رَجُلًا عَلَى الْيَمَنِ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ أَقْطَعَ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ وَالِيَ الْيَمَنِ ظَلَمَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَئِنْ كَانَ ظَلَمَكَ لَأَقِيدَ لَكَ مِنْهُ \"،\n\n١٥٨٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ،\n\n١٥٨٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى، هَذَا فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، ⦗٥٨⦘\n\n١٥٨٤٦ - وَعَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"12","page":57},{"text":"١٥٨٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ مُسَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، قَالَ: بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْسِمُ شَيْئًا أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ، فَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ، فَطَعَنَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُرْجُونٍ كَانَ مَعَهُ، فَجُرِحَ الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَعَالَ وَاسْتَقِدْ»، فَقَالَ: بَلْ عَفَوْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٥٨٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو،. فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَقْسِمُ قَسْمًا» وَقَالَ: «فَجُرِحَ بِوَجْهِهِ»","vol":"12","page":58},{"text":"١٥٨٤٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا جَهْمٍ مُصَدِّقًا فَلَاجَّهُ رَجُلٌ فِي صَدَقَتِهِ، فَضَرَبَهُ أَبُو جَهْمٍ، فَشَجَّهُ، فَأَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: الْقَوَدُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، فَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا، فَقَالَ: «لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، فَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا، فَقَالَ: «لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا» فَرَضُوا \". . . وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، ⦗٥٩⦘\n\n١٥٨٥٠ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n١٥٨٥١ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا. . . فَذَكَرَهُ مُنْقَطِعًا،\n\n١٥٨٥٢ - وَمَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ حَافَظٌ، قَدْ أَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ فَقَامَتْ بِهِ الْحُجَّةُ","vol":"12","page":58},{"text":"١٥٨٥٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ: «أَنَّهُمْ أَعْطَوَا الْقَوَدَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَقِدْ مِنْهُمْ وَهُمْ سَلَاطِينُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":59},{"text":"١٥٨٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ قَالَ: \" إِذَا أَمَرَ الرَّجُلُ عَبْدَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ رَجُلًا فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ كَسَيْفِهِ أَوْ كَسَوْطِهِ: يُقْتَلُ الْمَوْلَى، وَيُحْبَسُ الْعَبْدُ فِي السِّجْنِ \"،\n\n١٥٨٥٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: يُقْتَلُ الْآمِرُ، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ الْعَبْدُ،\n\n١٥٨٥٦ - وَبِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْعَبْدِ إِذَا كَانَ أَعْجَمِيًّا لَا يَعْقِلُ أَوْ صَبِيًّا","vol":"12","page":59},{"text":"١٥٨٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا حَكَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ الْحِمْصِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁: أَنَّهُ \" قَضَى فِي رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مُتَعَمِّدًا وَأَمْسَكَهُ آخَرُ، قَالَ: يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ وَيُحْبَسُ الْآخَرُ فِي السِّجْنِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ \"، ⦗٦٠⦘\n\n١٥٨٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّ اللَّهُ ﵎ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْفِعْلِ نَفْسِهِ وَجَعَلَ فِيهِ الْقَوَدَ، وَتَلَا الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِيهِ وَفِي الْحُدُودِ،\n\n١٥٨٥٩ - فَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا حَبَسَ رَجُلًا لِرَجُلٍ، فَقَتَلَهُ قُتِلَ الْقَاتِلُ وَعُوقِبَ الْحَابِسُ،\n\n١٥٨٦٠ - ثُمَّ نَاقَضَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ فِيمَا أَدْخَلَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «يُقْتَلُ كِلَاهُمَا» بِمَا قَالَ فِي قَتْلِ الرَّدْعِ فِي قُطَّاعِ الطَّرِيقِ","vol":"12","page":59},{"text":"١٥٨٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ وَيُحْبَسُ الْمُمْسِكُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ، وَهُوَ لَا يُحْبَسُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ، فَيُخَالِفُ مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ»،\n\n١٥٨٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رِوَايَاتُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَعَطَاءٌ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"12","page":60},{"text":"١٥٨٦٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ:  «يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ وَيُحْبَسُ الْمُمْسِكُ»،\n\n١٥٨٦٤ - وَجَابِرٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ","vol":"12","page":60},{"text":"١٥٨٦٥ - وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، قَالَ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رَجُلٍ أَمْسَكَ رَجُلًا وَقَتَلَ الْآخَرُ، قَالَ:  «يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ، وَيُحْبَسُ الْمُمْسِكُ»،\n\n١٥٨٦٦ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٥٨٦٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَوْصُولًا، وَالصَّوَابُ مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"12","page":60},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1099>بَابُ الْخِيَارِ فِي الْقِصَاصِ</span>","vol":"12","page":61},{"text":"١٥٨٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَخَذْتُ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ نَفَرٍ، حَفِظَ ⦗٦٢⦘ مُعَاذٌ مِنْهُمْ، مُجَاهِدٌ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: \" ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، قَالَ: كَانَ كُتِبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ: مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ حَقٌّ أَنْ يُقَادَ بِهَا، وَلَا يُعْفَى عَنْهُ، وَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ، وَفُرِضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِنْجِيلِ: أَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ، وَرُخِّصَ لَأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الدِّيَةَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨]،\n\n١٥٨٦٩ - يَقُولُ: الدِّيَةُ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِذْ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ،\n\n١٥٨٧٠ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨]، يَقُولُ: مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِهِ الدِّيَةَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ،\n\n١٥٨٧١ - وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٩] حَيَاةٌ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ يَقُولُ: لَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَنْتَهِي بِهَا بَعْضُكُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ","vol":"12","page":61},{"text":"١٥٨٧٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُجَاهِدًا، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْقِصَاصُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِمَ الدِّيَةُ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ: \" ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي ⦗٦٣⦘ الْقَتْلَى الْحَرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] قَالَ: الْعَفْوُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدٍ: ﴿فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] مِمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ،\n\n١٥٨٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذَا كَمَا قَالَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٥٨٧٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ وَتَقَصِّي مُقَاتِلٍ فِيهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ تَقَصِّي ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٥٨٧٥ - وَالتَّنْزِيلُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ إِذْ ذَكَرَ الْقِصَاصَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] لَمْ يَجُزْ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: إِنْ عُفِيَ إِنْ صُولِحَ عَنْ أَخْذِ الدِّيَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَفْوَ تَرْكُ حَقٍّ بِلَا عِوَضٍ، فَلَمْ يَجُزْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ: إِنْ عُفِيَ عَنِ الْقَتْلِ، فَإِذَا عُفِيَ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلٌ، وَصَارَ لِعَافِي الْقَتْلِ مَالٌ فِي مَالِ الْقَاتِلِ وَهُوَ دِيَةُ قَتِيلِهِ، فَيَتَّبِعُهُ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَيُؤَدِّي إِلَيْهِ الْقَاتِلُ بِإِحْسَانٍ،\n\n١٥٨٧٦ - وَلَوْ كَانَ إِذَا عُفِيَ عَنِ الْقَاتِلِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْعَافِي أَنْ يَتَّبِعَهُ، وَلَا عَلَى الْقَاتِلِ شَيْءٌ يُؤَدِّيهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ،\n\n١٥٨٧٧ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ جَاءَتَ السُّنَّةُ مَعَ بَيَانِ الْقُرْآنِ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى الْقُرْآنِ","vol":"12","page":62},{"text":"١٥٨٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ بِهَا دَمًا، وَلَا يَعْضِدَ بِهَا شَجَرًا، فَإِنِ ارْتَخَصَ أَحَدٌ، فَقَالَ: أُحِلَّتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَلَّهَا لِي وَلَمْ يُحِلَّهَا لِلنَّاسِ، وَإِنَّمَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنَ النَّهَارِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ حَرَامٌ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَا خُزَاعَةُ قَدْ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا الْقَتِيلَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ، وَأَنَا وَاللَّهِ عَاقِلُهُ، مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَهُ قَتِيلًا فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ: إِنْ أَحَبُّوا قَتَلُوا، وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَخَذُوا الْعَقْلَ \"","vol":"12","page":64},{"text":"١٥٨٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ الدِّيَاتِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ إِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَلَهُمُ الْعَقْلُ، وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَلَهُمُ الْقَوَدُ»،\n\n١٥٨٨٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، أَوْ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ ⦗٦٥⦘\n\n١٥٨٨١ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شَيْبَانَ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: \" وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ: إِمَّا أَنْ يُعْطَى الدِّيَةَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ أَهْلُ الْقَتِيلِ \"،\n\n١٥٨٨٢ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «إِمَّا أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ»،\n\n١٥٨٨٣ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «إِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُفَادَى»،\n\n١٥٨٨٤ - وَهَذَا الِاخْتِلَافُ فِي لَفْظِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، فَاللَّفْظُ الَّذِي يُوَافِقُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ أَوْلَى","vol":"12","page":64},{"text":"١٥٨٨٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ كَذَلِكَ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْوَهْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِدَمٍ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ، فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ، فَخُذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَقْتَصَّ، أَوْ يَعْفُوَ، أَوْ يَأْخُذَ الْعَقْلَ، فَإِنْ قَبِلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ عَدَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّ لَهُ النَّارَ»،\n\n١٥٨٨٦ - وَهَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ لَا تُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي كَسْرِ الرُّبَيِّعِ ثَنِيَّةَ جَارِيَةٍ، وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «كِتَابُ اللَّهِ الْقِصَاصُ»،\n\n١٥٨٨٧ - وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ الْقِصَاصُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّ الدَّمِ، وَلَيْسَ هُنَاكَ إِذَا لَمْ يُنْقَلْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْحَدِيثِ التَّخْيِيرُ بَيْنَ الدِّيَةِ وَالْقِصَاصِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُخَيَّرُ بِدَلِيلٍ آخَرَ هُوَ أَنَّهُ أَحَالَهُ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ، ⦗٦٦⦘\n\n١٥٨٨٨ - وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ثُبُوتَ الْخِيَارِ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨]،\n\n١٥٨٨٩ - قَالَ الْمُحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: لَمْ يَقْضِ لَهُمْ بِالدِّيَةِ حَتَّى عَفَا الْقَوْمُ،\n\n١٥٨٩٠ - وَهَذَا مِنْهُ غَفْلَةٌ، فَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُمْ عَرَضُوا الْأَرْشَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا،\n\n١٥٨٩١ - ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَرَضِيَ الْقَوْمُ فَعَفَوْا وَالظَّاهِرُ مِنْ هَذَا أَنَّهُمْ رَضُوا بِأَخْذِ الْأَرْشِ، وَعَفَوْا عَنِ الْقِصَاصِ، ثُمَّ هُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي حَدِيثِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: فَرُشُوا بِأَرْشٍ أَخَذُوهُ","vol":"12","page":65},{"text":"١٥٨٩٢ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ أُخْتَ الرَّبِيعِ أُمَّ حَارِثَةَ، جَرَحَتْ إِنْسَانًا، فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْقِصَاصَ الْقِصَاصَ»، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ الرَّبِيعِ: أَيُقْتَصُّ مِنْ فُلَانَةَ لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ يَا أُمَّ الرَّبِيعِ؟ الْقِصَاصُ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ»، فَقَالَتْ: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا، قَالَ: فَمَا زَالَتْ حَتَّى قَبِلُوا الدِّيَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ»،\n\n١٥٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ،. فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ،\n\n١٥٨٩٤ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَالِيًا","vol":"12","page":66},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1100>الْعَفْوُ عَنِ الْقِصَاصِ بِلَا مَالٍ </span>⦗٦٨⦘\n١٥٨٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِنْ أَحَبَّ الْولَاةُ أَوِ الْمَجْرُوحُ الْعَفْوَ فِي الْقَتْلِ بِلَا مَالٍ، وَلَا قَوَدٍ، فَذَلِكَ لَهُمْ»\n\n١٥٨٩٦ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَمِنْ أَيْنَ أَخَذْتَ الْعَفْوَ بِلَا مَالٍ وَلَا قَوَدٍ؟ قِيلَ: قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ﴿فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥]\n\n١٥٨٩٧ - وَمَنِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَنَّ الْعَفْوَ عَنِ الْقِصَاصِ كَفَّارَةٌ أَوْ قَالَ شَيْئًا يُرَغِّبُ بِهِ فِي الْعَفْوِ عَنْهُ،\n\n١٥٨٩٨ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَإِنَّمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" مَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ: إِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَالْقَوَدُ، وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَالْعَقْلُ \"،\n\n١٥٨٩٩ - قِيلَ لَهُ: نَعَمْ، قِيلَ قَالَهُ فِيمَا يَأْخُذُونَ مِنَ الْقَاتِلِ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ، وَالْعَفْوُ بِالدِّيَةِ، وَالْعَفْوُ بِلَا وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا لَيْسَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْقَاتِلِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ تَرْكٌ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ مَنْ وَجَدَ عَيْنَ مَالِهِ عِنْدَ مُعْدِمٍ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، لَيْسَ أَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُ تَرْكُهُ وَلَا تَرْكُ شَيْءٍ يُوجَبُ لَهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ لَهُ وَكُلُّ مَا قِيلَ: لَهُ أَخْذُهُ، فَلَهُ تَرْكُهُ\n\n١٥٩٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ ⦗٦٩⦘ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ قِصَاصٍ إِلَّا أَمَرَ فِيهِ بِالْعَفْوِ \"","vol":"12","page":67},{"text":"١٥٩٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ بْنِ هَارُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَوْدَةُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ الْبَكْرَاوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ، عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْعَائِذِيِّ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ جِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ الْقَاتِلِ يُقَادُ فِي نِسْعَةٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِوَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ: «أَتَعْفُو؟» قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: «فَتَأْخُذُ الدِّيَةَ؟» قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: «فَتَقْتُلُهُ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «اذْهَبْ بِهِ»، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ بِهِ، فَتَوَلَّى مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قَالَ لَهُ: «تَعَالَهْ أَتَعْفُو؟» مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِ الْأَوَّلِ، فَقَالَ: وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ الرَّابِعَةِ: «أَمَا إِنَّكَ إِنْ عَفَوْتَ فَإِنَّهُ يَبُوءُ بِإِثْمِكَ وَإِثْمِ صَاحِبِكَ»، قَالَ: فَتَرَكَهُ، قَالَ: فَأَنَا رَأَيْتُهُ يَجُرُّ نِسْعَتَهُ \"\n\n١٥٩٠٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثٍ مُرْسَلٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِجَسَدِهِ بِقَدْرِ نِصْفِ دِيَتِهِ، فَعَفَا كُفِّرَ عَنْهُ نِصْفُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ثُلُثًا أَوْ رُبُعًا فَعَلَى قَدْرِ ذَلِكَ»\n\n١٥٩٠٣ - وَقِيلَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ يُصَابُ بِشَيْءٍ فِي جَسَدِهِ، فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ إِلَّا رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ دَرَجَةً، ⦗٧٠⦘ وَحَطَّ عَنْهُ خَطِيئَتَهُ»\n\n١٥٩٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِلَى الْإِمَامِ قَتْلُ مَنْ قَتَلَ عَلَى الْمُحَارَبَةِ لَا يَنْتَظِرُ بِهِ وَلِيَّ الْمَقْتُولِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا ذَلِكَ»،\n\n١٥٩٠٥ - قَالَ: وَمِثْلُهُ الرَّجُلُ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ غَيْرِ نَائِرَةٍ، وَاحْتَجَّ لَهُمْ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ مَذَاهِبَهُمْ بِأَثَرِ مُجَذِّرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،\n\n١٥٩٠٦ - وَلَوْ كَانَ حَدِيثُهُ مِمَّا يَثْبُتُ قُلْنَا بِهِ، فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالُوا وَلَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا ثَابِتًا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ فَكُلُّ مَقْتُولٍ قَتَلَهُ غَيْرُ الْمُحَارِبِ فَالْقَتْلُ فِيهِ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣] وَقَالَ: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] فَتَبَيَّنَ فِي حُكْمِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْقَتْلَ وَالْعَفْوَ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الدَّمِ دُونَ السُّلْطَانِ إِلَّا فِي الْمُحَارِبِ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ حَكَمَ فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا، فَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمًا مُطْلَقًا لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ الدَّمِ","vol":"12","page":69},{"text":"١٥٩٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قِصَّةُ مُجَذِّرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَطَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، قَالَ: وَمُجَذِّرُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَتَلَهُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ غِيلَةً، وَكَانَ مُجَذِّرٌ قَتَلَ أَبَاهُ سُوَيْدَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ حَمْرَاءِ الْأَسَدِ أَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇، فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ قَتَلَ مُجَذِّرَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ غِيلَةً، وَأَمَرَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَرَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى قُبَاءَ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي أَخْذِهِ، وَأَمْرِهِ عُوَيْمًا أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ فَيَقْتُلَهُ وَبَنُو مُجَذِّرٍ حُضُورٌ لَا يَقُولُ لَهُمْ شَيْئًا، فَقَدَّمَهُ، فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ \"، ⦗٧١⦘\n\n١٥٩٠٨ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٥٩٠٩ - وَلَمْ أَضْبِطْ عَنْ شَيْخِنَا ابْنِ زِيَادٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَبَا أَحْمَدَ الْعَسْكَرِيَّ، وَغَيْرَهُ، مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ يَقُولُونَ: هُوَ بِالذَّالِ،\n\n١٥٩١٠ - وَذَكَرَ الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ غَسَّانَ الْغَلَابِيُّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ صَامِتٍ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَنْ عُرِفَ بِالنِّفَاقِ، قَالَ: وَهُوَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ الْمُجَذِّرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ غِيلَةً، فَقَتَلَهُ بِهِ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":70},{"text":"١٥٩١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ قَتَلَ عَمْدًا، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ فَعَفَا بَعْضُ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: \" كَانَتَ النَّفْسُ لَهُمْ جَمِيعًا، فَلَمَّا عَفَا هَذَا أَحْيَا النَّفْسَ، فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ حَقَّهُ حَتَّى يَأْخُذَ غَيْرَهُ، قَالَ: فَمَا تَرَى؟ قَالَ: أَرَى أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الدِّيَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ وَتَرْفَعَ حِصَّةَ الَّذِي عَفَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَأَنَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ \"","vol":"12","page":71},{"text":"١٥٩١٢ - وَعَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: مَنْ عَفَا مِنْ ذِي سَهْمٍ، فَعَفْوُهُ عَفْوٌ، قَدْ أَجَازَ عُمَرُ وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ الْعَفْوَ مِنْ أَحَدِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، وَلَمْ يَسْأَلُوا: أَقُتِلَ غِيلَةً كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَمْ غَيْرُهُ \"،\n\n١٥٩١٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"12","page":71},{"text":"١٥٩١٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادٍ مَوْصُولٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: وَجَدَ رَجُلٌ عِنْدَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا، فَقَتَلَهَا، فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَوَجَدَ عَلَيْهَا بَعْضُ إِخْوَتِهَا، فَتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ بِنَصِيبِهِ، فَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ لِسَائِرِهِمْ بِالدِّيَةِ، وَقِيلَ: كَانُوا ⦗٧٢⦘ ثَلَاثَةَ إِخْوَةٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِلْبَاقِيَيْنِ، خُذَا ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى قَتْلِهِ \"\n\n١٥٩١٥ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ، وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ \" قَتَلَ رَجُلًا، فَقَالَتْ أُخْتُ الْمَقْتُولِ وَهِيَ امْرَأَةُ الْقَاتِلِ: قَدْ عَفَوْتُ عَنْ حِصَّتِي مِنْ زَوْجِي، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: عُتِقَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ \"","vol":"12","page":71},{"text":"١٥٩١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حِصْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «عَلَى الْمُقْتَتِلِينَ أَنْ يَنْحَجِزُوا الْأَوَّلَ فَالْأَوَّلَ وَإِنْ كَانَتَ امْرَأَةً» أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حِصْنٌ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ،\n١٥٩١٧ - وَرُوِيَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «لِأَهْلِ الْقَتِيلِ أَنْ يَنْحَجِزُوا الْأَدْنَى فَالْأَدْنَى وَإِنْ كَانَتَ امْرَأَةً»،\n\n١٥٩١٨ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: يَقُولُ أَيُّهُمْ عَفَا عَنْ دَمِهِ مِنَ الْأَقْرَبِ فَالْأَقْرَبِ مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ فَعَفْوُهُ جَائِزٌ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «يَنْحَجِزُوا» يَعْنِي يَكُفُّوا عَنِ الْقَوَدِ\n\n١٥٩١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا «ضَرَبَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ بِالسَّيْفِ ضَرْبَةً يَكُونُ مِنْ مِثْلَهَا الْقِصَاصُ أُقِصَّ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا قِصَاصٌ فَعَلَيْهِ الْأَرْشُ، وَلَا تُقْطَعُ يَدُ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا السَّارِقُ، فَقَدْ ضَرَبَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَطَّلٍ حَسَّانَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ بِالسَّيْفِ ضَرْبًا شَدِيدًا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمْ يَقْطَعْ صَفْوَانُ وَعَفَا حَسَّانُ بَعْدَ أَنْ بَرِئَ فَلَمْ يُعَاقِبْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفْوَانَ»،\n\n١٥٩٢٠ - وَهَكَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا عُقُوبَةَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ قِصَاصٌ فَعُفِيَ عَنْهُ فِي دَمٍ وَلَا جُرْحٍ","vol":"12","page":72},{"text":"١٥٩٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أُوَيْسٍ: عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، فِي حَدِيثِ الْإِفْكِ  «ضَرَبَ صَفْوَانُ حَسَّانَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ بِالسَّيْفٍ، فَسَأَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَهَبَ لَهُ ضَرْبَهُ صَفْوَانَ إِيَّاهُ فَوَهَبَهَا لَهُ»","vol":"12","page":73},{"text":"١٥٩٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابِ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَضْرِبُ الْآخَرَ بِالسَّيْفِ فِي غَضَبٍ فَمَا يُصْنَعُ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: قَدْ  «ضَرَبَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ حَسَّانَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ الضَّرُوبَ، فَلَمْ يَقْطَعْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ»","vol":"12","page":73},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1101>بَابُ وَلِيِّ الدَّمِ</span>\n١٥٩٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ تَعَالَى: \" ﴿وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفُ فِي الْقَتْلِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣] \"،\n\n١٥٩٢٤ - فَكَانَ مَعْلُومًا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِمَّنْ خُوطِبَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنَّ وَلِيَّ الدَّمِ مَنْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِيرَاثًا مِنْهُ\n\n١٥٩٢٥ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ إِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَالْقَوَدُ، وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَالْعَقْلُ»، ⦗٧٥⦘\n\n١٥٩٢٦ - وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِيمَا عَلِمْتُهُ فِي أَنَّ الْعَقْلَ مَوْرُوثٌ كَمَا يُوَرَّثُ الْمَالُ، وَإِذَا كَانَ هَكَذَا فَكُلٌّ وَارِثٍ وَلِيُّ الدَّمِ كَمَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَارِثٍ مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ الْمَيِّتِ: زَوْجَةً كَانَتْ لَهُ، أَوِ ابْنَةً، أَوْ أُمًّا، أَوْ وَلَدًا، أَوْ وَالِدًا، لَا يَخْرُجُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ وِلَايَةِ الدَّمِ،\n\n١٥٩٢٧ - وَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ حَتَّى يَجْمَعَ جَمِيعَ الْوَرَثَةِ عَلَى مَنْ كَانُوا، وَحَيْثُ كَانُوا عَلَى الْقِصَاصِ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا فَلَهُمُ الْقِصَاصُ","vol":"12","page":74},{"text":"١٥٩٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَّ \" الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ﵄ قَتَلَ ابْنَ مُلْجَمٍ بِعَلِيٍّ ﵁،\n\n١٥٩٢٩ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: وَكَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ أَوْلَادٌ صِغَارٌ \"\n\n١٥٩٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ﵄ وَقَفَ عَلَى اسْتِحْلَالِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُلْجَمٍ قَتْلَ أَبِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ لِأَجْلِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٥٩٣١ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا بِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سِنَانٍ الدُّؤَلِيِّ أَنَّهُ عَادَ عَلِيًّا فِي شَكْوَى لَهُ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَقَدْ تَخَوَّفْنَا عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ فَقَالَ: لَكِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا تَخَوَّفْتُ لِأَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصَّادِقَ الْمَصْدُوقَ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّكَ سَتُضْرَبُ ضَرْبَةً هَا هُنَا وَضَرْبَةً هَا هُنَا» وَأَشَارَ إِلَى صُدْغَيْهِ «فَيَسِيلُ دَمُهَا حَتَّى تَخْضِبَ لِحْيَتَكَ، وَيَكُونُ صَاحِبُهَا أَشْقَاهَا كَمَا كَانَ عَاقِرَ النَّاقَةِ أَشْقَى ثَمُودَ»، ⦗٧٦⦘\n\n١٥٩٣٢ - قُلْتُ: وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَآهُ مِنَ السَّاعيِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِالْفَسَادِ، فَقَتَلَهُ لِذَلِكَ لَا بِوِلَايَةِ الْقِصَاصِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1102>شِرْكُ مَنْ لَا قِصَاصَ عَلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"12","page":77},{"text":"١٥٩٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا حُكِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ \" قَوْمٍ قَتَلُوا رَجُلًا عَمْدًا فِيهِمْ مُصَابٌ؟ قَالَ: يَكُونُ دِيَةً \"","vol":"12","page":77},{"text":"١٥٩٣٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «إِذَا دَخَلَ خَطَأٌ فِي عَمْدٍ فَهِيَ دِيَةٌ»،\n\n١٥٩٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَصْلُ هَذَا عِنْدِي أَنْ يُنْظَرَ إِلَى الْقَتْلِ فَإِنْ كَانَ عَمْدًا كُلَّهُ لَا يَخْلِطُهُ خَطَأٌ فَاشْتَرَكَ فِيهِ اثْنَانِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٌ فَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوَدُ مِنْهُمْ أُقِيدَ مِنْهُ وَمَنْ زَالَ عَنْهُ الْقَوَدُ أَزَالَهُ وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ حِصَّتَهُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ، وَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ شَبَهًا بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ يَقْتُلَانِ الرَّجُلَ فَيَعْفُو الْوَلِيُّ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا أَوْ يُصَالِحُهُ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ الْآخَرَ،\n\n١٥٩٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِي عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَمْدُ الصَّبِيِّ وَخَطَؤُهُ سَوَاءٌ وَإِسْنَادُهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَرَاوِيهِ ضَعِيفٌ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ\n\n١٥٩٣٧ - وَرُوِي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «عَمْدُ الصَّبِيِّ وَالْمَجْنُونِ خَطَأٌ» وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ بِمَرَّةٍ","vol":"12","page":77},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1103>الْقِصَاصُ بِغَيْرِ السَّيْفِ</span>","vol":"12","page":78},{"text":"١٥٩٣٨ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ جَارِيَةً وُجِدَتْ قَدْ رُضَّ رَأْسُهَا بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنٍ، فَقِيلَ لَهَا: مَنْ فَعَلَ بِكِ هَذَا. . .؟ أَفُلَانٌ. . . أَفُلَانٌ. . .؟ حَتَّى ⦗٧٩⦘ سَمَّى الْيَهُودِيَّ، فَأَوْمَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا، فَأُخِذَ الْيَهُودِيُّ، فَاعْتَرَفَ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ تُرَضَّ رَأْسُهُ بِالْحِجَارَةِ \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا هَمَّامٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامٍ\n\n١٥٩٣٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَفَّانَ عَنْ هَمَّامٍ: أَنَّ جَارِيَةً رُضِخَ رَأْسُهَا بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرُضِخَ رَأْسُهُ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ \"،\n\n١٥٩٤٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: «فَقَتَلَهَا بِحَجَرٍ فَقَتَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ»، ⦗٨٠⦘\n\n١٥٩٤١ - فَهَذَا كُلُّهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ ﷺ اعْتَبَرَ الْمُمَاثَلَةَ فِي قَتْلِهِ بِهَا مِمَّا يَقْتَضِيهِ لَفْظُ الْقِصَاصِ الَّذِي وَرَدَ بِهِ الْكِتَابُ،\n\n١٥٩٤٢ - وَلَا يَجُوزُ مُقَارَنَتُهُ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِهِ أَنْ يُرْجَمَ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ، فَرُجِمَ»، فَإِنَّ هَذَا لَا يُخَالِفُهُ، فَإِنَّ الرَّجْمَ، وَالرَّضْخَ، وَالرَّضَ كُلَّهُ عِبَارَةٌ عَنِ الضَّرْبِ بِالْحِجَارَةِ،\n\n١٥٩٤٣ - ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ قَتَادَةُ الْمَوْضِعَ الَّذِي ضُرِبَ فِيهِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنْهُ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، فَيُؤْخَذُ بِالْبَيَانِ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ دَعْوَى النَّسْخِ فِيهِ بِنَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ، إِذْ لَيْسَ فِيهِ تَارِيخٌ وَلَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى النَّسْخِ، وَيُمْكِنُ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ بِمَنْ وَجَبَ قَتَلُهُ ابْتِدَاءً لَا عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْمُكَافَأَةِ وَالْمُسَاوَاةِ","vol":"12","page":78},{"text":"١٥٩٤٤ - وَحَدِيثُ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَازِبٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا قَوَدَ إِلَّا بِالسَّيْفِ» تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي لَفْظِهِ،\n\n١٥٩٤٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُبَارَكِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، وَقِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَكِلَاهُمَا ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١٥٩٤٦ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":80},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1104>الْقِصَاصُ فِيمَا دُونَ النَّفْسِ</span>\n١٥٩٤٧ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: \" ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَا فُرِضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالْأَنْفَ بِالْأَنْفِ وَالْأُذُنَ بِالْأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥]\n⦗٨٢⦘ \"\n\n١٥٩٤٨ - قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُعْطِي الْقَوَدَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ يُعْطِي الْقَوَدَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَأَنَا أُعْطِي الْقَوَدَ مِنْ نَفْسِي»،\n\n١٥٩٤٩ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْعُمَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مُرْسَلًا","vol":"12","page":81},{"text":"١٥٩٥٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي فِرَاسٍ، قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَبْعَثْ عُمَّالِي لِيَضْرِبُوا أَبْشَارَكُمْ وَلَا لِيَأْخُذُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ، فَمَنْ فُعِلَ بِهِ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَرْفَعْهُ إِلَيَّ أَقُصُّهُ مِنْهُ، قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ: \" لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَدَّبَ بَعْضَ رَعِيَّتِهِ أَتُقِصُّهُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: إِي، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَأَقُصَّنَّهُ مِنْهُ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَصَّ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ \"،\n\n١٥٩٥١ - ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ مَا أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ","vol":"12","page":82},{"text":"١٥٩٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ، قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِي عَظْمٍ قِصَاصٌ إِلَّا فِي السِّنِّ»","vol":"12","page":82},{"text":"١٥٩٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ: لَا أَقِيدُ مِنَ الْعِظَامِ","vol":"12","page":82},{"text":"١٥٩٥٤ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِي الْعِظَامِ قِصَاصٌ»","vol":"12","page":83},{"text":"١٥٩٥٥ - قُلْتُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ صُهْبَانَ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ:  «لَا قَوَدَ فِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ، وَلَا الْجَائِفَةِ، وَلَا الْمُنَقِّلَةِ»","vol":"12","page":83},{"text":"١٥٩٥٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ يَحْيَى، وَعِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، أَوْ أَحَدِهِمَا، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ فِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ قَوَدٌ»","vol":"12","page":83},{"text":"١٥٩٥٧ - وَرُوِي عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا قِصَاصَ فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ مِنَ الْجِرَاحَاتِ»،\n\n١٥٩٥٨ - وَهَذِهِ الْآثَارُ كُلُّهَا غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهَا إِذَا ضُمَّ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ أَخَذَتْ قُوَّةً فِيمَا اجْتَمَعَتْ فِيهِ فِي الْمَعْنَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":83},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1105>الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ بِالْقِصَاصِ مِنَ الْجُرْحِ وَالْقَطْعِ</span>","vol":"12","page":84},{"text":"١٥٩٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، قَالَ: طَعَنَ رَجُلٌ آخَرَ بِقَرْنٍ فِي رِجْلِهِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: أَقِدْنِي مِنْهُ، قَالَ: «انْتَظِرْ»، فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «انْتَظِرْ»، فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «انْتَظِرْ»، فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَقَادَهُ فَبَرَأَ الْمُسْتَقَادُ مِنْهُ وَشُلَّتْ رِجْلُ الْآخَرِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بَرِئَتْ رِجْلُهُ وَشُلَّتْ رِجْلِي؟ فَقَالَ:  «قَدْ قُلْتُ لَكَ انْتَظِرْهُ»، وَلَمْ يَرَ لَهُ شَيْئًا،\n١٥٩٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ الْأَصْلُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ مُرْسَلًا، ⦗٨٥⦘\n١٥٩٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُثْمَانُ ابْنَا أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ جَابِرٍ،\n\n١٥٩٦٢ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْهُ: أَخْطَأَ فِيهِ ابْنَا أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَخَالَفَهُمَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، فَرَوَوْهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، مُرْسَلًا، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ مُرْسَلًا","vol":"12","page":84},{"text":"١٥٩٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ، أَوْجُهٍ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «نَهَى أَنْ يُمْتَثَلَ مِنَ الْجَارِحِ حَتَّى يَبْرَأَ الْمَجْرُوحُ»،\n\n١٥٩٦٤ - وَفِي بَعْضِهَا: تُقَاسُ الْجِرَاحَاتُ ثُمَّ يُسْتَأْنَى بِهَا سَنَةً ثُمَّ يُقْضَى فِيهَا بِقَدْرِ مَا انْتَهَتْ إِلَيْهِ\n\n١٥٩٦٥ - وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ يَدَّعِي الْمَعْرِفَةَ بِالْآثَارِ احْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «أُتِيَ فِي جِرَاحٍ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَأْنُوا بِهَا سَنَةً»،\n\n١٥٩٦٦ - ثُمَّ حُكِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ،\n\n١٥٩٦٧ - فَإِنْ كَانَ يَسْتَجِيزُ بِهَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةِ أَنْ يَحْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، ⦗٨٦⦘ عَنْ غَيْرِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَلِمَ لَا يُجِيزُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ أَنْ يَحْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الرَّهْنِ أَنَّهُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي رَهَنَهُ لَهُ غُنْمُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ، مَعَ احْتِجَاجِ أَصْحَابِنَا بِمُتَابَعَةِ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ إِيَّاهُ عَلَى وَصْلِ الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n١٥٩٦٨ - وَزِيَادُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ عِنْدَ جَمِيعِهِمْ مَعَ مَرَاسِيلِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِنَ التَّرْجِيحِ عَلَى مَرَاسِيلِ غَيْرِهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ اعْتَمَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n١٥٩٦٩ - وَلَوْ كَانَ يَسْتَجِيزُ لِهَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةِ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِرِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، وَأَخُوهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ يَقُولُ: لَا تَكْتُبُوا عَنْ أَخِي فَإِنَّهُ كَذَّابٌ،\n\n١٥٩٧٠ - وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n١٥٩٧١ - وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ فِي جَمِيعِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ يُضَعِّفُهُ وَيَقُولُ: وَلَا يُكْتَبُ حَدِيثُهُ،\n\n١٥٩٧٢ - فَلِمَ لَا يُجِيزُ بِتَوْثِيقِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ سَيْفَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَكِّيَّ الَّذِي رَوَى حَدِيثَ الْقَضَاءِ بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ لِخَصْمِهِ أَنْ يَحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِهِ، وَلَهُ فِيمَا رَوَى مُتَابِعُونَ؟\n\n١٥٩٧٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَى لَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا رِوَايَتُهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فِي «النَّهْيِ عَنْ بَيْعِ الرُّطَبِ بِالتَّمْرِ الْجَافِّ» وَغَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، ⦗٨٧⦘\n\n١٥٩٧٤ - لَمْ نَعْتَمِدْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ الثِّقَاتَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ رِوَايَاتِهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"12","page":85},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1106>مَنْ مَاتَ تَحْتَ حَدٍّ أَوْ قِصَاصٍ فِي جُرْحٍ</span>","vol":"12","page":88},{"text":"١٥٩٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ: أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا فِي  «الَّذِي يَمُوتُ فِي الْقِصَاصِ لَا دِيَةَ لَهُ»،\n\n١٥٩٧٦ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو يَحْيَى السَّاجِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ","vol":"12","page":88},{"text":"١٥٩٧٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «مَنْ قَتَلَهُ حَدٌّ فَلَا عَقْلَ لَهُ»","vol":"12","page":88},{"text":"١٥٩٧٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «مَنْ مَاتَ فِي حَدٍّ أَوْ قِصَاصٍ فَلَا دِيَةَ لَهُ»","vol":"12","page":88},{"text":"١٥٩٧٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْشَرٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فِي الَّذِي يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهُ فَيَمُوتُ قَالَ:  «عَلَى الَّذِي اقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ، وَيُرْفَعُ عَنْهُ بِقَدْرِ جِرَاحَاتِهِ»، ⦗٨٩⦘\n\n١٥٩٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، بَلْ نَقُولُ نَحْنُ وَهُمْ: لَا شَيْءَ عَلَى الْمُقْتَصِّ لِأَنَّهُ فَعَلَ فِعْلًا كَانَ لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ بَعْضَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَهَذَا لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"12","page":88},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1107>٢٩ - كِتَابُ الدِّيَاتِ</span>","vol":"12","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1108>بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي أَسْنَانِ الْإِبِلِ الْمُغَلَّظَةِ</span>","vol":"12","page":93},{"text":"١٥٩٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَلَا إِنَّ فِي قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ الْخَطَأِ بِالسَّوْطِ، أَوِ الْعَصَا مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ مُغَلَّظَةً مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلَادُهَا»،\n\n١٥٩٨٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٥٩٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ هُشَيْمُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَطَبَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"12","page":93},{"text":"١٥٩٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ ⦗٩٤⦘:  «أَلَا وَإِنَّ قَتِيلَ الْخَطَأِ شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ مَا كَانَ بِالسَّوْطِ، أَوْ بِالْعَصَا مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلَادُهَا» وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٥٩٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَالسِّتُّونَ الَّتِي مَعَ الْأَرْبَعِينَ الْخَلِفَةِ ثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً وَثَلَاثُونَ جَذَعَةً،\n\n١٥٩٨٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَدَدٍ مِمَّنْ لَقِيتُ مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ،\n\n١٥٩٨٧ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فِي قِصَّةِ قَتَادَةَ الْمُدْلِجِيِّ،\n\n١٥٩٨٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٥٩٨٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ،\n\n١٥٩٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، مِثْلُ مَا قُلْنَا فِي شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ: ثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً، وَثَلَاثُونَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً، ⦗٩٥⦘\n\n١٥٩٩١ - وَمَنْ حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ ثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً، وَثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ جَذَعَةً، وَأَرْبَعٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ خَلِفَةً \"","vol":"12","page":93},{"text":"١٥٩٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ:  «الْخَطَأُ شِبْهُ الْعَمْدِ بِالْخَشَبَةَ، وَالْحَجَرِ الضَّخْمِ ثُلُثُ حِقَاقٌ، وَثُلُثُ جِذَاعٌ، وَثُلُثُ مَا بَيْنَ ثَنِيَّةٍ إِلَى بَازِلِ عَامِهَا كُلُّهَا خَلِفَةٌ»\n\n١٥٩٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ «فِي الْمُغَلَّظَةِ أَرْبَعُونَ جَذَعَةً خَلِفَةً، وَثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً، وَثَلَاثُونَ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ»،\n\n١٥٩٩٤ - وَعَنَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: فِي شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ خَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ، وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ مَخَاضٍ،\n\n١٥٩٩٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَرُبُعُ ثَنِيَّةٍ إِلَى بَازِلِ عَامِهَا بَدَلُ بَنَاتِ مَخَاضٍ،\n\n١٥٩٩٦ - وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفُوا هَذَا الِاخْتِلَافَ، فَقَوْلُ مَنْ يُوَافِقُ قَوْلُهُ مَا رُوِّينَا فِيهِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ يَكُونُ أَوْلَى بِالِاتِّبَاعِ مَعَ مَا فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْعَمْدِ، وَشِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ، مِثْلُ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ","vol":"12","page":95},{"text":"١٥٩٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ هُوَ ابْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قُتِلَ مُتَعَمِّدًا دُفِعَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْقَتِيلِ، فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوا وَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَخَذُوا الدِّيَةَ، وَهِيَ ثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً، وَثَلَاثُونَ جَذَعَةً، أَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً، وَذَلِكَ عَقْلُ الْعَمْدِ، وَمَا صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ ⦗٩٦⦘ فَهُوَ لَهُمْ، وَذَلِكَ تَشْدِيدُ الْعَقْلِ»، -\n\n١٥٩٩٨ - زَادَنِي فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا -: وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «عَقْلُ شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ مُغَلَّظَةٌ مِثْلُ عَقْلِ الْعَمْدِ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ صَاحِبُهُ وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَنْزُوَ الشَّيْطَانُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَيَكُونُ رَمْيًا فِي عِمِيَّا فِي غَيْرِ ضَغِينَةٍ وَلَا حَمْلِ سِلَاحٍ»","vol":"12","page":95},{"text":"١٥٩٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: \" قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: «تَغْلِيظُ الْإِبِلِ؟» قَالَ: مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْأَصْنَافِ كُلِّهَا، مِنْ كُلِّ صِنْفٍ ثُلُثُهُ، وَيُؤْخَذُ فِي مُضِيِّ كُلِّ سَنَةٍ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ خَلِفَةً، وَثُلُثٌ وَعَشْرُ جِذَاعٍ، وَعَشْرُ حِقَاقٍ \"،\n\n١٦٠٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالتَّغْلِيظُ كَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ يُؤْخَذُ فِي مُضِيِّ كُلِّ سَنَةٍ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ وَثُلُثٌ، وَعَشْرُ حِقَاقٍ، وَعَشْرُ جِذَاعٍ،\n\n١٦٠٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالدِّيَةُ فِي هَذَا عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، قَالَ: وَمَثَلُ هَذَا أَسْنَانُ دِيَةِ الْعَمْدِ إِذَا زَالَ فِيهِ الْقِصَاصُ وَدِيَةُ الْعَمْدِ حَالَّةٌ كُلُّهَا فِي مَالِ الْقَاتِلِ\n\n١٦٠٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَتَغْلِيظُ الدِّيَةِ فِي الْعَمْدِ، وَالْقَتْلِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَالْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ وَقَتْلِ ذِي الرَّحِمِ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي الْعَمْدِ الْخَطَأِ لَا يَخْتَلِفُ، وَلَا يُغَلَّظُ فِيمَا سِوَى هَؤُلَاءِ.","vol":"12","page":96},{"text":"وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ  «رَجُلًا أَوْطَأَ امْرَأَةً بِمَلَّةٍ، فَقَتَلَهَا فَقَضَى فِيهَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بِثَمَانِيَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ دِيَةً وَثُلُثٍ»،\n\n١٦٠٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ذَهَبَ عُثْمَانُ ﵁ إِلَى التَّغْلِيظِ لِقَتْلِهَا فِي الْحَرَمِ،\n\n١٦٠٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِمَكَّةَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ فَقَتَلَهَا","vol":"12","page":97},{"text":"١٦٠٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى لَيْثٌ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ «عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَضَى فِيمَنْ قَتَلَ فِي الْحَرَمِ، أَوْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، أَوْ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، بِالدِّيَةِ وَثُلُثِ الدِّيَةِ»، ١٦٠٠٦ - وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٦٠٠٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى التَّغْلِيظِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرْمَةِ،\n\n١٦٠٠٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، فِي تَقْوِيمِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ الدِّيَةَ، قَالَ فِيهِ: وَيُزَادُ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَثُلُثٌ أُخْرَى لِلْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ، قَالَ: قِيمَةُ دِيَةِ الْحَرَمَيْنِ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا،\n\n١٦٠٠٩ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ إِسْحَاقَ وَعُبَادَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ عُثْمَانَ أَصَحُّ","vol":"12","page":97},{"text":"١٦٠١٠ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شِيرَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ⦗٩٨⦘ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:  «يُزَادُ فِي دِيَةِ الْمَقْتُولِ فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَرَامِ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ، وَفِي دِيَةِ الْمَقْتُولِ فِي الْحَرَمِ»","vol":"12","page":97},{"text":"١٦٠١١ - رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا فِي \" الَّذِي يُقْتَلُ فِي الْحَرَمِ: دِيَةٌ وَثُلُثٌ \"","vol":"12","page":98},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1109>بَابُ دِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ</span>\n١٦٠١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: «﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ﴾»،\n\n١٦٠١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَأَحْكَمَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِي تَنْزِيلِ كِتَابِهِ أَنَّ عَلَى قَاتِلِ الْمُؤْمِنِ دِيَةً مُسَلَّمَةً إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَأَبَانَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ كَمِ الدِّيَةُ؟،\n\n١٦٠١٤ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ نَقَلَ عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَنْ عَدَدٍ لَا تَنَازُعَ بَيْنَهُمْ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِدِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ،\n\n١٦٠١٥ - وَكَانَ أَقْوَى مِنْ نَقْلِ الْخَاصَّةِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْخَاصَّةِ وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ فَفِي الْمُسْلِمِ يَقْتُلُ الْخَطَأَ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ،\n\n١٦٠١٦ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ وَقَدْ مَضَى","vol":"12","page":99},{"text":"١٦٠١٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ:  «أَلَا إِنَّ فِي قَتْلِ الْخَطَأِ شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ قَتْلِ السَّوْطِ وَالْعَصَا الدِّيَةَ مُغَلَّظَةً، مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلَادُهَا»، ⦗١٠٠⦘\n\n١٦٠١٨ - وَإِنَّمَا قَصَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِهَذَا إِثْبَاتَ الْعَدَدِ دُونَ الصِّفَةِ","vol":"12","page":99},{"text":"١٦٠١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ \" فِيَ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ:  «وَفِي النَّفْسِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»","vol":"12","page":100},{"text":"١٦٠٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فِي الدِّيَاتِ فِي كِتَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: «وَفِي النَّفْسِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ» وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: \" أَفِي شَكٍّ أَنْتُمْ مِنْ أَنَّهُ كِتَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: لَا \"","vol":"12","page":100},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1110>أَسْنَانُ الْإِبِلِ فِي الْخَطَأِ</span>\n١٦٠٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فِي قَتِيلِ الْعَمْدِ الْخَطَأِ مُغَلَّظَةٌ فِيهَا أَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلَادُهَا»،\n\n١٦٠٢٢ - فَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ دِيَةَ الْخَطَأِ الَّذِي لَا يَخْلِطُهُ عَمْدٌ مُخَالَفَةُ هَذِهِ الدِّيَةِ، وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِيهَا فَأَلْزَمَ الْقَاتِلَ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ بِالسُّنَّةِ ثُمَّ مَا لَمْ يَخْتَلِفُوا فِيهِ وَلَا أَلْزَمَهُ مِنْ أَسْنَانِ الْإِبِلِ إِلَّا أَقَلَّ مَا قَالُوا يَلْزَمُهُ، لِأَنَّ اسْمَ «الْإِبِلِ» يَلْزَمُ الصِّغَارَ وَالْكِبَارَ، فِدْيَةُ الْخَطَأِ أَخْمَاسٌ: عِشْرُونَ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنُو لَبُونٍ ذُكُورٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً، وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً","vol":"12","page":101},{"text":"١٦٠٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَرَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَبَلَغَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ:  «دِيَةُ الْخَطَأِ عِشْرُونَ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ ابْنَ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً، وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً»،\n\n١٦٠٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ مَخْرَمَةُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ،\n\n١٦٠٢٥ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ","vol":"12","page":101},{"text":"١٦٠٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَبِمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،  «فِي الْخَطَأِ خَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ مَخَاضٍ، وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً، وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً، وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ»\n\n١٦٠٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ «دِيَةُ الْخَطَأِ ثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً، وَثَلَاثُونَ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ مَخَاضٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنُو لَبُونٍ ذُكُورٍ»،\n\n١٦٠٢٨ - فَكَانَ لَمَّا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنِ التَّابِعِينَ، أَقَلَّ مَا قِيلَ فِيهَا، وَاسْمُ الْإِبِلِ وَاقِعٌ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمْ يُوجِبْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا","vol":"12","page":102},{"text":"١٦٠٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ شَاذَانَ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُوسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «فِي الْخَطَأِ أَخْمَاسًا وَعِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً، وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتَ لَبُونٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتَ مَخَاضٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ»،\n\n١٦٠٣٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١٦٠٣١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو مِجْلَزٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١٦٠٣٢ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِي السِّنِّ أَقَلُّ مِمَّا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ، وَاسْمُ الْإِبِلِ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗١٠٣⦘\n\n١٦٠٣٣ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ صَحَابِيٍّ فَقِيهٌ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِالِاتِّبَاعِ، وَمَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْهُ احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ فِي الْقَسَامَةَ، قَالَ: «كَرِهَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُبْطِلَ دَمَهُ فَوَدَاهُ بِمِائَةٍ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ»،\n\n١٦٠٣٤ - قَالُوا: وَلَيْسَ لِبَنِي الْمَخَاضِ مَدْخَلٌ فِي فَرَائِضِ الصَّدَقَاتِ، وَحَدِيثُ الْقَسَامَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ، وَنَحْنُ نَتَكَلَّمُ فِي دِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ، فَكَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حِينَ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ ذَلِكَ الْقَتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَدَاهُ بِدِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ مُتَبَرِّعًا بِذَلِكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٠٣٥ - وَعَلَّلَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ بِأَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ رَأَى عَلْقَمَةَ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا،\n\n١٦٠٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ شُعْبَةَ يَقُولُ إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَلْقَمَةَ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ: صَدَقَ،\n\n١٦٠٣٧ - وَأَمَّا أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، فَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِيهِ شَيْئًا ⦗١٠٤⦘\n\n١٦٠٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قُرَادُ أَبُو نُوحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، قَالَ: \" سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ: تَحْفَظُ مِنْ أَبِيكَ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ: لَا \"،\n\n١٦٠٣٩ - وَأَمَّا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ\n\n١٦٠٤٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنَ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ خِشْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٠٤١ - وَخِشْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ مَجْهُولٌ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٌّ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٠٤٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فِي الدِّيَةِ الْكُبْرَى وَالصُّغْرَى بِخِلَافِ هَذَا كُلِّهِ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَسْنَانِ\n\n١٦٠٤٣ - وَإِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ، مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٦٠٤٤ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الدِّيَةِ الصُّغْرَى بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يَضُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ، ⦗١٠٥⦘\n\n١٦٠٤٥ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ","vol":"12","page":102},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1111>إِعْوَازُ الْإِبِلِ</span>\n١٦٠٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ وَعَالِمٌ فِي أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَرَضَ الدِّيَةَ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، ثُمَّ قَوَمَّهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ، وَالْعِلْمُ مُحِيطٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ لَا يُقَوِّمُهَا إِلَّا قِيمَةَ يَوْمِهَا»،\n\n١٦٠٤٧ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَعَلَّ عُمَرَ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ قَوَمَّهَا إِلَّا فِي حِينٍ وَبَلَدٍ هَكَذَا قِيمَتُهَا حِينَ أَعْوَزَتْ، وَلَا يَكُونُ قَوَمَّهَا إِلَّا بِرِضًا مِنَ الْجَانِي، وَوَلِيِّ الْجِنَايَةِ","vol":"12","page":106},{"text":"١٦٠٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَمَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، قَالُوا: أَدْرَكْنَا النَّاسَ عَلَى أَنَّ دِيَةَ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ الْحُرِّ، عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، فَقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ ﵁ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، أَوِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ فَدِيَتُهُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ لَا يُكَلَّفُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ الذَّهَبَ وَلَا الْوَرِقَ، وَدِيَةُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ إِذَا أَصَابَهُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ \"، ⦗١٠٧⦘\n\n١٦٠٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُكَلَّفُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ ذَهَبًا وَلَا وَرِقًا لِوُجُودِ الْإِبِلِ، وَأَخْذَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ مِنَ الْقَرَوِيِّ لِإِعْوَازِ الْإِبِلِ فِيمَا أَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ لَا يَخْتَلِفُ فِي الدِّيَةِ","vol":"12","page":106},{"text":"١٦٠٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، قَالَ: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُقِيمُ الْإِبِلَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى أَرْبَعَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ أَوْ عِدْلَهَا مِنَ الْوَرِقِ، وَيُقَيِّمُهَا عَلَى أَثْمَانِ الْإِبِلِ، فَإِذَا غَلَتْ رَفَعَ فِي قِيمَتِهَا، وَإِذَا هَانَتْ نَقَصَ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا، عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى الثَّمَنُ مَا كَانَ»","vol":"12","page":107},{"text":"١٦٠٥١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بنِ شُعَيْبٍ، قَالَ:  «قَضَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى حَتَّى كَثُرَ الْمَالُ وَغَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ، فَأَقَامَ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ بِسِتِّمائَةِ دِينَارٍ إِلَى ثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ»","vol":"12","page":107},{"text":"١٦٠٥٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ: أَهْلِ الْقُرَى وَأَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ عَلَى الْأَعْرَابِيِّ وَالْقَرَوِيِّ،","vol":"12","page":107},{"text":"١٦٠٥٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: \" قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: الدِّيَةُ الْمَاشِيَةُ أَوِ الذَّهَبُ \"؟ قَالَ: كَانَتَ الْإِبِلُ حَتَّى كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَوَّمَ الْإِبِلَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً كُلُّ بَعِيرٍ فَإِنْ شَاءَ الْقَرَوِيُّ أَعْطَى مِائَةَ نَاقَةٍ وَلَمْ يُعْطِ ذَهَبًا، كَذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ الْأَوَّلُ","vol":"12","page":107},{"text":"١٦٠٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا الطَّحَاوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ:  «أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ وَهُمْ يَحْفَظُونَ فِي دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ أَلْفَيْ شَاةٍ»\n\n١٦٠٥٥ - زَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُ شَيْخِنَا، قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ الثَّقَفِيَّ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ فِي الدِّيَةِ: عَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّاءِ الشَّاءُ","vol":"12","page":108},{"text":"١٦٠٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ  «فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ فِي الدِّيَةِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ»،\n\n١٦٠٥٧ - حَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَزَادَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَقَرِ مِائَتَيْ بَقَرَةٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِبِلِ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْغَنَمِ أَلْفَيْ شَاةٍ","vol":"12","page":108},{"text":"١٦٠٥٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ:  «عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ عَشَرَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ»،\n\n١٦٠٥٩ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ: \" وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ إِنَّ عُمَرَ: فَرَضَ الدِّيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ \"،\n\n١٦٠٦٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ كَلَامَهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «وَنَحْنُ فِيمَا نَظُنُّ أَعْلَمُ بِفَرِيضَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ حِينَ فَرَضَ الدِّيَةَ دَرَاهِمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، لِأَنَّ الدَّرَاهِمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ يُؤَدِّي الدِّيَةَ دَرَاهِمَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ»، ⦗١٠٩⦘\n\n١٦٠٦١ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: «وَقَدْ صَدَقَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَرَضَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ فَرَضَهَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ»","vol":"12","page":108},{"text":"١٦٠٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ الضَّبِّيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ:  «كَانَتِ الدِّيَةُ الْإِبِلَ فَجُعِلَتِ الْإِبِلُ الصَّغِيرُ وَالْكَبِيرُ كُلَّ بَعِيرٍ مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ، فَذَلِكَ عَشْرَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ»","vol":"12","page":109},{"text":"١٦٠٦٣ - وَقِيلَ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَانَقَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ فَضَرَبَهُ فَأَصَابَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالَ شَرِيكٌ، قَالَ: أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ:  «عَانَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ فَضَرَبَهُ فَأَصَابَ رَجُلًا مِنَّا، فَسَلَتَ وَجْهَهُ حَتَّى وَقَعَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى حَاجِبَيْهِ وَأَنْفِهِ وَلِحْيَتِهِ وَصَدْرِهِ، فَقَضَى فِيهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بِالدِّيَةِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَكَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ»","vol":"12","page":109},{"text":"١٦٠٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رَوَى عَطَاءٌ، وَمَكْحُولٌ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، وَعَدَدٌ مِنَ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ، «أَنَّ عُمَرَ ﵁ فَرَضَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ»،\n\n١٦٠٦٥ - وَلَمَ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا بِالْحِجَازِ خَالَفَ فِيهِ عَنْهُ بِالْحِجَازِ، وَلَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ،\n\n١٦٠٦٦ - وَمِمَّنْ قَالَ الدِّيَةُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ: ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَائِشَةُ، لَا أَعْلَمُ بِالْحِجَازِ خَالَفَ فِي ذَلِكَ قَدِيمًا وَلَا حَدِيثًا،\n\n١٦٠٦٧ - وَلَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «أَنَّهُ قَضَى بِالدِّيَةِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ»،\n\n١٦٠٦٨ - وَزَعَمَ عِكْرِمَةُ أَنَّهُ نَزَلَ فِيهِ: ﴿وَمَا نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٤]","vol":"12","page":109},{"text":"١٦٠٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ عِكْرِمَةَ قَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَوْصُولًا: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا»،\n\n١٦٠٧٠ - قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﴿وَمَا نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٤] قَالَ: أَخْذُهُمُ الدِّيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الطَّائِفِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n١٦٠٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، مَرَّةً مَوْصُولًا،\n\n١٦٠٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ: أَفَتَقُولُ إِنَّ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ، قَالَ: لَا، فَقُلْتُ: فَمِنْ أَيْنَ زَعَمْتَ إِذْ كُنْتَ أَعْلَمَ بِالدِّيَةِ مِمَّا زَعَمْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ لِأَنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ وَأَنَّكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ قَبِلْتَهَا لِأَنَّ عُمَرَ قَضَى فِيهَا بِشَيْءٍ لَا تَقْضِي بِهِ، قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَحْسِبُونَ، قُلْتُ: أَفَتَرْوِي شَيْئًا تَجْعَلُهُ أَصْلًا فِي الْحُكْمِ، وَأَنْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ مَنْ رَوَى عَنْهُ لَا يَعْرِفُ مَا قَضَى بِهِ؟ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا وَفِي الْجَوَابِ عَمَّا احْتَجَّ بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ،\n\n١٦٠٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَادَّعَى مُحَمَّدٌ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ أَنَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالدِّيَةِ مِنْهُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا عَنْ عُمَرَ قَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ مِنَ الْوَرِقِ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِالدِّيَةِ إِذْ كَانَ عُمَرُ مِنْهُمْ فَمَنِ الْحَاكِمُ مِنْهُ أَوْلَى بِالْمَعْرِفَةِ مِمَّنَ الدَّرَاهِمُ مِنْهُ إِذْ كَانَ الْحُكْمُ إِنَّمَا وَقَعَ بِالْحَاكِمِ،\n\n١٦٠٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رِوَايَاتُهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَالرِّوَايَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا ⦗١١١⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، عَنْ عُمَرَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْحِجَازِ أَعْرَفُ بِمَذْهَبِ عُمَرَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهَا مَوْصُولَةً","vol":"12","page":110},{"text":"١٦٠٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ: كَانَتْ \" قِيمَةُ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَمَانَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَدِيَةُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ يَوْمَئِذٍ النِّصْفُ مِنْ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالَ: فَكَانَ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ، فَقَامَ خَطِيبًا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْإِبِلَ قَدْ غَلَتْ، قَالَ: فَقَوَّمَهَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَقَرِ مِائَتَيْ بَقَرَةٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّاءِ أَلْفَيْ شَاةٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْحُلَلِ مِائَتَيْ حُلَّةٍ، قَالَ: وَتَرَكَ دِيَةَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَمْ يَرْفَعْهَا فِيمَا رَفَعَ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ \"","vol":"12","page":111},{"text":"١٦٠٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَضَى بِالدِّيَةِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا \"،\n\n١٦٠٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: الدِّيَةُ عَشَرَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ","vol":"12","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1112>جِمَاعُ الدِّيَاتِ فِيمَا دُونَ النَّفْسِ</span>","vol":"12","page":112},{"text":"١٦٠٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ فِيَ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ ⦗١١٧⦘:  «وَفِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا أَوْعَى جَدْعُهُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفْسِ، وَفِي الْجَائِفَةِ مِثْلُهَا، وَفِي الْعَيْنِ خَمْسُونَ، وَفِي الرِّجْلِ خَمْسُونَ، وَفِي كُلِّ إِصْبَعٍ مِمَّا هُنَالِكَ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ، وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسٌ»، ⦗١١٨⦘\n\n١٦٠٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَكَى جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ عَنْ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ الْأَحْكَامَ الَّتِي أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الدِّيَاتِ وَغَيْرِهَا فَكَتَبَهَا فِيهِ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ","vol":"12","page":112},{"text":"١٦٠٨٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِكِتَابٍ فِيهِ الْفَرَائِضُ وَالسُّنَنُ وَالدِّيَاتُ، وَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، فَقَرَأْتُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ وَهَذِهِ نُسْخَتُهَا فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ، وَفِي: «وَإِنَّ فِي النَّفْسِ الدِّيَةَ، مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا أَوْعَى جَدْعُهُ الدِّيَةَ، وَفِي اللِّسَانِ الدِّيَةَ، وَفِي الشَّفَتَيْنِ الدِّيَةَ، وَفِي الْبَيْضَتَيْنِ الدِّيَةَ، وَفِي الذَّكَرِ الدِّيَةَ، فِي الصُّلْبِ الدِّيَةَ، وَفِي الْعَيْنَيْنِ الدِّيَةَ، وَفِي الرِّجْلِ الْوَاحِدَةِ نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ ثُلُثَ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْجَائِفَةِ ثُلُثَ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْمُنَقِّلَةِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي كُلِّ إِصْبَعٍ مِنَ الْأَصَابِعِ مِنَ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ عَشَرَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي السِّنِّ خَمْسًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقْتَلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ»","vol":"12","page":118},{"text":"١٦٠٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، وَحَامِدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ، قَالَ: «كَانَ فِي الْكِتَابِ أَنَّهُ مَنِ اعْتَبَطَ مُؤْمِنًا قَتْلًا عَنْ نِيَّتِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَوَدٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْضَى أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ»","vol":"12","page":118},{"text":"١٦٠٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ فَزَادَ وَنَقَصَ فِيمَا زَادَ:  «فِي الْأُذُنِ خَمْسُونَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْيَدِ خَمْسُونَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»،\n\n١٦٠٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْمُوضِحَةُ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ وَالْوَجْهِ كُلِّهُ سَوَاءٌ، وَقَدْ حَفِظْتُ عَنْ عَدَدٍ لَقِيتُهُمْ وَحُكِيَ لِي عَنْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: «فِي الْهَاشِمَةِ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ» وَبِهَذَا أَقُولُ،","vol":"12","page":118},{"text":"١٦٠٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الْهَاشِمَةِ عَشْرٌ»،\n\n١٦٠٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ مِنَ الشِّجَاجِ بِشَيْءٍ، وَأَكْثَرُ قَوْلِ مَنْ لَقِيتُ أَنْ لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ أَرْشٌ مَعْلُومٌ، وَإِنَّ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا دُونَهَا حُكُومَةً، وَبِهَذَا أَقُولُ،\n\n١٦٠٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَرَبِيعَةَ، وَأَبِي الزِّنَادِ،\n\n١٦٠٨٧ - وَقَالَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ","vol":"12","page":119},{"text":"١٦٠٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، إِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، قَضَيَا فِي الْمِلْطَاةِ بِنِصْفِ دِيَةِ الْمُوضِحَةِ \"\n\n١٦٠٨٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، مِثْلَهُ أَوْ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٦٠٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ ابْنَ نَافِعٍ، يَذْكُرُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ، ⦗١٢٠⦘\n\n١٦٠٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَرَأْنَا عَلَى مَالِكٍ أَنَّا لَمْ نَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْحَدِيثِ قَضَى فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ بِشَيْءٍ،\n\n١٦٠٩٢ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: وَهُوَ وَاللَّهُ يَغْفِرُ لَنَا وَلَهُ يَرْوِي عَنْ إِمَامَيْنِ عَظِيمَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ أَنَّهُمَا قَضَيَا فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ بِشَيْءٍ مُؤَقَّتٍ،\n\n١٦٠٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ أَنْ يُحَدِّثَهُ بِحَدِيثِ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ فِي الْمِلْطَأَةِ فَامْتَنَعَ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْعَمَلَ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ وَرَجُلَهُ عِنْدَنَا لَيْسَ هُنَاكَ يَعْنِي يَزِيدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٦٠٩٤ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي قَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الْمِلْطَأَةِ وَهِيَ السِّمْحَاقُ، وَالضِّلَعُ عِنْدَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، إِنَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا نَقَصَ الْمَضْرُوبُ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ حُكُومَةٌ،\n\n١٦٠٩٥ - وَفِيمَا سَاقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ كَلَامَهُ إِلَيْهِ، رُوِّينَا أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ قَدْ قَضَى فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ حَتَّى فِي الدَّامِيَةِ","vol":"12","page":119},{"text":"١٦٠٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «فِي الدَّامِيَةِ بَعِيرٌ، وَفِي الْبَاضِعَةِ بَعِيرَانِ، وَفِي الْمُتَلَاحِمَةِ ثَلَاثٌ، وَفِي السِّمْحَاقِ أَرْبَعٌ، وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسٌ»،\n\n١٦٠٩٧ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"12","page":120},{"text":"١٦٠٩٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «فِي السِّمْحَاقِ أَرْبَعٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»،\n\n١٦٠٩٩ - وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُجَيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٦١٠٠ - وَالْأَوَّلُ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالثَّانِي إِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ، وَكَأَنَّهُمْ إِنْ صَحَّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَكَمُوا فِيهَا بِحُكُومَةٍ بَلَغَتْ هَذَا الْمِقْدَارَ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمِلْطَاةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":121},{"text":"١٦١٠١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْلَةَ، أَنَّ مُعَاذًا، وَعُمَرَ،  «جَعَلَا فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ أَجْرَ الطَّبِيبِ»،\n\n١٦١٠٢ - وَهُوَ عَنْهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"12","page":121},{"text":"١٦١٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، قَالَا  «فِي الْمُوضِحَةِ فِي الْوَجْهِ وَالرَّأْسِ سَوَاءً»","vol":"12","page":121},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1113>تَفْسِيرُ الشِّجَاجِ</span>\n١٦١٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَاسَرْجِسِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ مِنْ سَمَاعِهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ التُّجِيبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَخِي حَرْمَلَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمِّي حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إِنَّ \" أَوَّلَ الشِّجَاجِ الْحَارِصَةُ: وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَحْرِصُ الْجِلْدَ حَتَّى تَشُقَّهَ قَلِيلًا وَمِنْهُ قِيلَ: حَرَصَ الْقَصَّارُ الثَّوْبَ إِذَا شَقَّهُ \"،\n\n١٦١٠٥ - ثُمَّ الْبَاضِعَةُ: وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَشُقُّ اللَّحْمَ، وَتَبْضَعُهُ بَعْدَ الْجِلْدِ،\n\n١٦١٠٦ - ثُمَّ الْمُتَلَاحِمَةُ: وَهِيَ الَّتِي أَخَذَتْ فِي اللَّحْمِ، وَلَمْ تَبْلُغِ السِّمْحَاقَ، وَالسِّمْحَاقُ جِلْدَةٌ رُقَيْقَةٌ بَيْنَ اللَّحْمِ وَالْعَظْمِ، وَكُلُّ قِشْرَةٍ رَقِيقَةٍ فَهِيَ سِمْحَاقٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتِ الشَّجَّةُ تِلْكَ الْقِشْرَةَ الرَّقِيقَةَ حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى بَيْنَ اللَّحْمِ وَالْعَظْمِ غَيْرُهَا، فَتِلْكَ السِّمْحَاقُ وَهِيَ الْمِلْطَاةُ،\n\n١٦١٠٧ - ثُمَّ الْمُوضِحَةُ وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَكْشِفُ عَنْهَا ذَلِكَ الْقِشْرَ، وَتَشُقُّ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ وَضَحُ الْعَظْمِ، فَتِلْكَ الْمُوضِحَةُ،\n\n١٦١٠٨ - وَالْهَاشِمَةُ: الَّتِي تَهْشِمُ الْعَظْمَ،\n\n١٦١٠٩ - وَالْمُنَقِّلَةُ: الَّتِي يُنْقَلُ مِنْهَا فِرَاشُ الْعَظْمِ،\n\n١٦١١٠ - وَالْآمَّةُ وَهِيَ الْمَأْمُومَةُ: وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَبْلُغُ أُمَّ الرَّأْسِ الدِّمَاغَ،\n\n١٦١١١ - وَالْجَائِفَةُ: وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَخْرِقُ حَتَّى تَصِلَ إِلَى السِّفَاقِ،\n\n١٦١١٢ - وَمَا كَانَ دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ فَهُوَ خُدُوشٌ فِيهِ الصُّلْحُ،\n\n١٦١١٣ - وَالدَّامِيَةُ هِيَ الَّتِي تَدْمِي مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسِيلَ مِنْهَا دَمٌ،\n\n١٦١١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: لَسْتُ أَعْلَمُ خِلَافًا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗١٢٣⦘: «فِي الْجَائِفَةِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ» بِهَذَا أَقُولُ","vol":"12","page":122},{"text":"١٦١١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ  «أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ قَضَى فِي جَائِفَةٍ نَفَذَتْ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ بِثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ»،\n\n١٦١١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا اصْطَلَمَتِ الْأُذُنَانِ فَفِيهِمَا الدِّيَةُ قِيَاسًا عَلَى مَا قَضَى بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِيهِ بِالدِّيَةِ مِنْ أُذُنَيْنِ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ","vol":"12","page":123},{"text":"١٦١١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ فِي كِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ:  «وَفِي الْأُذُنِ خَمْسُونَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»\n١٦١١٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُمَا قَضَيَا بِذَلِكَ","vol":"12","page":123},{"text":"١٦١١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ:  «فِي الْأُذُنِ إِذَا اسْتُوعِبَتْ نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ»،\n\n١٦١٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي السَّمْعِ الدِّيَةُ، وَالْأُذُنَانِ غَيْرُ السَّمْعِ،\n\n١٦١٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا جُنِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَذَهَبَ عَقْلُهُ فَفِي ذَهَابِ عَقْلِهِ الدِّيَةُ","vol":"12","page":123},{"text":"١٦١٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى رِشْدِينُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الْإِفْرِيقِيِّ، عَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نُسَيٍّ، عَنِ ابْنِ غَنْمٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «وَفِي السَّمْعِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِيهِ وَفِي الْعَقْلِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»،\n\n١٦١٢٣ - وَإِسْنَادُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ،\n\n١٦١٢٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الدِّيَةِ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا\n\n١٦١٢٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَفِي جَفْنَ الْعَيْنِ رُبُعُ الدِّيَةِ»،\n\n١٦١٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَكَذَلِكَ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"12","page":124},{"text":"١٦١٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: وَرُوِي عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: عِنْدَ أَبِي كِتَابٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ:  «وَفِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا قُطِعَ الْمَارِنُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»،\n\n١٦١٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ فِي الْأَنْفِ حَدِيثٌ لَيِّنٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ آلِ حَزْمٍ،\n\n١٦١٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ ذِكْرُ الْمَارِنِ","vol":"12","page":124},{"text":"١٦١٣٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ فِي كِتَابِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ:  «وَفِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا اسْتُؤْصِلَ الْمَارِنُ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً» ⦗١٢٥⦘\n\n١٦١٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَفِي الشَّفَتَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ، وَسَوَاءٌ الْعُلْيَا مِنْهَا وَالسُّفْلَى»،\n\n١٦١٣٢ - قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْأَصَابِعِ بِعَشْرٍ عَشْرٍ، وَالْأَصَابِعُ مُخْتَلِفَةُ الْجَمَالِ وَالْمَنْفَعَةِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ إِنَّمَا قَصَدَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي فِي كُلِّ مَا وَقَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْأَسْمَاءُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا. . . وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٦١٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَضَتَ السُّنَّةُ فِي أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ. قَالَ: «وَفِي اللِّسَانِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الصَّوْتِ إِذَا انْقَطَعَ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الْأَسْنَانِ الدِّيَةُ» كَذَا رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ: «وَفِي الْأَسْنَانِ الدِّيَةُ»،\n\n١٦١٣٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ فِي، حَدِيثِ مُعَاذٍ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ\n\n١٦١٣٥ - وَرِوَايَةُ مَنْ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فِي كُلِّ سَنٍّ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ» أَكْثَرُ وَأَشْهَرُ،\n\n١٦١٣٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: وَفِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ","vol":"12","page":124},{"text":"١٦١٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي غَطَفَانَ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ الْمُرِّيِّ، أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ، بَعَثَهُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَأَلَهُ: \" مَاذَا فِي الضِّرْسِ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فِيهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، قَالَ: فَرَدَّنِي إِلَيْهِ مَرْوَانُ، قَالَ: أَتَجْعَلُ مُقَدَّمَ ⦗١٢٦⦘ الْفَمِّ مِثْلَ الْأَضْرَاسِ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَوْ لَمْ يَعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِالْأَصَابِعِ عَقْلُهَا سَوَاءٌ \"،\n\n١٦١٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَالدِّيَةُ الْمُؤَقَّتَةُ عَلَى الْعَدَدِ لَا عَلَى الْمَنَافِعَ،\n\n١٦١٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فِي كِتَابِ جِرَاحِ الْخَطَأِ،\n\n١٦١٤٠ - وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الدِّيَاتِ وَالْقِصَاصِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ لِأَنَّهُ يَحْكِي فِي ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابِ أَخْبَارَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ وَكَلَامُهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ يَحْكِي الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُمْ، وَيُجِيبُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَمَّا احْتَجَّ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"12","page":125},{"text":"١٦١٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ الدِّيَاتِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ، قَالَ:  «فِي الْأَسْنَانِ فِي كُلِّ سَنٍّ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ مُقَدَّمُ الْفَمِ، وَمُؤَخَّرُهُ سَوَاءٌ»","vol":"12","page":126},{"text":"١٦١٤٢ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، قَالَ:  «الْأَسْنَانُ كُلُّهَا سَوَاءٌ، فِي كُلِّ سَنٍّ نِصْفُ عُشْرِ الدِّيَةِ»","vol":"12","page":126},{"text":"١٦١٤٣ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «الْأَسْنَانُ كُلُّهَا سَوَاءٌ، فِي كُلِّ سَنٍّ نِصْفُ عُشْرِ الدِّيَةِ»، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي غَطَفَانِ كَمَا مَضَى\n\n١٦١٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ مَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «وَفِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ»، فَكَانَتَ الضِّرْسُ سِنًّا فِي فَمٍ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ اسْمِ السِّنِّ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"12","page":126},{"text":"١٦١٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْأَصَابِعُ سَوَاءٌ، وَالْأَسْنَانُ سَوَاءٌ الثَّنِيَّةُ، وَالضِّرْسُ سَوَاءٌ هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ سَوَاءٌ» يَعْنِي: الْخِنْصَرَ وَالْبِنْصَرَ","vol":"12","page":127},{"text":"١٦١٤٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمُحَمَّدَآبَاذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ الرَّقَاشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ سَوَاءٌ» يَعْنِي: الْخِنْصَرَ وَالْإِبْهَامَ وَالضِّرْسَ وَالثَّنِيَّةَ","vol":"12","page":127},{"text":"١٦١٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَقُولُ:  «قَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الْأَضْرَاسِ بِبَعِيرٍ بَعِيرٍ، وَقَضَى مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي الْأَضْرَاسِ بِخَمْسَةِ أَبْعِرَةٍ خَمْسَةَ أَبْعِرَةٍ، فَالدِّيَةُ تَنْقُصُ فِي قَضَاءِ عُمَرَ وَتَزِيدُ فِي قَضَاءِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَا جَعَلْتُ فِي الْأَضْرَاسِ بَعِيرَيْنِ بَعِيرَيْنِ، فَتِلْكَ الدِّيَةُ سَوَاءٌ»،\n\n١٦١٤٨ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَإِنَّا نَقُولُ فِي الْأَضْرَاسِ خَمْسٌ خَمْسٌ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَدْ خَالَفْتُمْ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ وَقُلْتُمْ فِي الْأَضْرَاسِ خَمْسٌ خَمْسٌ، وَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ لِمَا جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ وَكَانَتِ الضِّرْسُ سِنًّا،\n\n١٦١٤٩ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: هَكَذَا يَنْبَغِي لَنَا وَلَكُمْ أَنْ لَا نَتْرُكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا أَبَدًا لِقَوْلِ غَيْرِهِ، ⦗١٢٨⦘\n\n١٦١٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْأَسْنَانُ سَوَاءٌ الضِّرْسُ وَالثَّنِيَّةُ»، وَكَأَنَّهُ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ","vol":"12","page":127},{"text":"١٦١٥١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ السِّنَّ إِذَا اسْوَدَّتْ تَمَّ عَقْلُهَا","vol":"12","page":128},{"text":"١٦١٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي السِّنِّ: إِذَا أُصِيبَتْ فَاسْوَدَّتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَسَقَطَتْ فَفِيهَا عَقْلُهَا كُلُّهُ كَامِلًا","vol":"12","page":128},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1114>عَقْلُ الْأَصَابِعِ</span>","vol":"12","page":129},{"text":"١٦١٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُلَيَّةَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «فِي الْأَصَابِعِ عَشْرٌ عَشْرٌ»\n\n١٦١٥٤ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْجِرَاحِ لَمْ يَسُقْ إِسْنَادَهُ","vol":"12","page":129},{"text":"١٦١٥٥ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا غَالِبٌ التَّمَّارُ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «فِي الْأَصَابِعِ عَشْرٌ عَشْرٌ»\n\n١٦١٥٦ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،\n\n١٦١٥٧ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ غَالِبٍ التَّمَّارِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى","vol":"12","page":129},{"text":"١٦١٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ ⦗١٣٠⦘ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ سَوَاءٌ» يَعْنِي: الْخِنْصَرَ وَالْإِبْهَامَ","vol":"12","page":129},{"text":"١٦١٥٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ:  «جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَصَابِعَ الْيَدَيْنِ وَالرِّجْلَيْنِ سَوَاءً»","vol":"12","page":130},{"text":"١٦١٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ «عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَضَى فِي الْإِبْهَامِ بِخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ، وَفِي الَّتِي تَلِيهَا بِعَشْرٍ، وَفِي الْوُسْطَى بِعَشْرٍ، وَفِي الَّتِي تَلِي الْخِنْصَرَ بِتِسْعٍ، وَفِي الْخِنْصَرِ بِسِتٍّ»\n\n١٦١٦١ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَمَّا كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، عِنْدَ عُمَرَ ﵁، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى فِي الْيَدِ خَمْسِينَ وَكَانَتَ الْيَدُ خَمْسَةَ أَطْرَافٍ مُخْتَلِفَةَ الْجَمَالِ وَالْمَنَافِعِ نَزَّلَهَا مَنَازِلَهَا، فَحَكَمَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَطْرَافِ بِقَدْرٍ مِنْ دِيَةِ الْكَفِّ،\n\n١٦١٦٢ - وَهَذَا قِيَاسٌ عَلَى الْخَبَرِ، فَلَمَّا وُجِدَ كِتَابُ آلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فِيهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" وَفِي كُلِّ إِصْبَعٍ مِمَّا هُنَالِكَ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ: صَارُوا إِلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَقْبَلُوا كِتَابَ آلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، حَتَّى ثَبَتَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ كِتَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗١٣١⦘\n\n١٦١٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فِي قَضَاءِ عُمَرَ فِي الْأَصَابِعِ نَحْوًا مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي الْإِبْهَامِ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ وَفِي الَّتِي تَلِيهَا بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ»،\n\n١٦١٦٤ - وَزَادَ: حَتَّى وُجِدَ كِتَابٌ عِنْدَ آلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ يَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَمِمَّا هُنَالِكَ مِنَ الْأَصَابِعِ عَشْرٌ عَشْرٌ»\n\n١٦١٦٥ - قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: فَصَارَتِ الْأَصَابِعُ إِلَى عَشْرٍ عَشْرٍ،\n\n١٦١٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ،. فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":130},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1115>عَيْنُ الْأَعْوَرِ</span>\n١٦١٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَفِي الْعَيْنِ خَمْسُونَ» فَإِنَّمَا جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْعَيْنِ خَمْسِينَ فَمَنْ جَعَلَ فِي عَيْنِ الْأَعْوَرِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ خَمْسِينَ، فَقَدْ خَالَفَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"\n\n١٦١٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ فِي أَعْوَرٍ فَقَأَ عَيْنَ صَحِيحٍ، قَالَ: الْعَيْنُ بِالْعَيْنِ\n\n١٦١٦٩ - عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، فِي الْأَعْوَرِ تُصَابُ عَيْنُهُ، قَالَ: مَا أَنَا فَقَأْتُ عَيْنَهُ، أَنَا أَدِي قَتِيلَ اللَّهِ فِيهَا نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ\n\n١٦١٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى إِيجَابِ كَمَالِ الدِّيَةِ فِيهَا،\n\n١٦١٧١ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٦١٧٢ - وَالرِّوَايَةُ فِيهَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَظَاهِرُ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا قُلْنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":132},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1116>دِيَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ</span>","vol":"12","page":133},{"text":"١٦١٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَمَكْحُولٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، قَالُوا: أَدْرَكْنَا النَّاسَ عَلَى أَنَّ دِيَةَ الْمُسْلِمِ الْحُرِّ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، فَقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ تِلْكَ الدِّيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، أَوِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَدِيَةَ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ مِنْ ⦗١٣٤⦘ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى: خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، أَوْ سِتَّةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الَّذِي أَصَابَهَا مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ فَدِيتُهَا خَمْسُونَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ \"\n\n١٦١٧٤ - . . . وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عُثْمَانَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي أُوطِئَتْ فِي مَكَّةَ","vol":"12","page":133},{"text":"١٦١٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «عَقْلُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ عَقْلِ الرَّجُلِ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ فِي الْعَقْلِ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ، ثُمَّ النِّصْفِ فِيمَا بَقِيَ»،\n\n١٦١٧٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ فِي هَذَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ قَوْلِ زَيْدٍ","vol":"12","page":134},{"text":"١٦١٧٧ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ ⦗١٣٥⦘ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «عَقْلُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ فِي النَّفْسِ وَفِيمَا دُونَهَا»","vol":"12","page":134},{"text":"١٦١٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ: \" كَمْ فِي إِصْبَعِ الْمَرْأَةِ؟ قَالَ: عَشْرٌ، قَالَ: كَمْ فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ؟ قَالَ: عِشْرُونَ، قَالَ: كَمْ فِي الثَّلَاثِ؟ قَالَ: ثَلَاثُونَ، قَالَ: كَمْ فِي أَرْبَعٍ؟ قَالَ عِشْرُونَ، قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: حِينَ عَظُمَ جُرْحُهَا وَاشْتَدَّتْ مُصِيبَتُهَا نَقَصَ عَقْلُهَا، قَالَ: أَعِرَاقِيُّ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ رَبِيعَةُ: عَالِمٌ مُتَثَبِّتٌ أَوْ جَاهِلٌ مُتَعَلِّمٌ، قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي إِنَّهَا السُّنَّةُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، وَأُسَامَةُ، وَسُفْيَانُ. . . عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٦١٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «الْقِيَاسُ الَّذِي لَا يَدْفَعُهُ أَحَدٌ، وَلَا يُخْطِئُ بِهِ أَحَدٌ فِيمَا نَرَى، أَنَّ نَفْسَ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ فِيهَا مِنَ الدِّيَةِ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ، وَفِي يَدِهَا مِثْلُ نِصْفِ مَا فِي يَدِهِ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا صَغُرَ مِنْ جِرَاحِهَا هَكَذَا»،\n\n١٦١٨٠ - فَلَمَّا كَانَ هَذَا مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الَّتِي لَا يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُخْطِئَ بِهَا مِنْ جِهَةِ الرَّأْيِ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَقُولُ: فِي ثَلَاثِ أَصَابِعِ الْمَرْأَةِ ثَلَاثُونَ، وَفِي أَرْبَعٍ عِشْرُونَ وَيُقَالُ لَهُ: حِينَ عَظُمَ جُرْحُهَا نَقَصَ عَقْلُهَا؟ فَيَقُولُ \" هِيَ السُّنَّةُ\n\n١٦١٨١ - وَكَانَ يُرْوَى عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ تُعَاقِلُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ، ⦗١٣٦⦘\n\n١٦١٨٢ - لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُخْطِئَ أَحَدٌ هَذَا الْخَطَأَ مِنْ جِهَةِ الرَّأْيِ لِأَنَّ الْخَطَأَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ مِنْ جِهَةِ الرَّأْيِ فِيمَا يُمْكِنُ مِثْلُهُ فَيَكُونُ رَأْيٌ أَصَحَّ مِنْ رَأْيٍ، فَأَمَّا هَذَا فَلَا أَحْسَبُ أَحَدًا يُخْطِئُ بِمِثْلِهِ إِلَّا الِاتِّبَاعَ لِمَنْ لَا يَجُوزُ خِلَافَهُ عِنْدَهُ\n\n١٦١٨٣ - فَلَمَّا قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: «هِيَ السُّنَّةُ» أَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَوْ عَنْ عَامَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَلَمْ يُشْبِهْ زَيْدٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ هَذَا مِنْ جِهَةِ الرَّأْيِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَحْمِلُهُ الرَّأْيُ،\n\n١٦١٨٤ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَقَدْ يُرْوَى عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، خِلَافُهُ، فَلَا يَثْبُتُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَلَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَا كَانَا يُشْبِهَانِ أَنْ يَكُونَا قَالَا بِهِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الرَّأْيِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ فِيمَا قَالَ سَعِيدٌ السُّنَّةُ إِذَا كَانَ يُخَالِفُ الْقِيَاسَ وَالْعَقْلَ إِلَّا عُلِمَ اتِّبَاعٌ فِيمَا نَرَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦١٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا قَوْلُهُ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ أَرْدَفَهُ بِأَنْ قَالَ: «وَقَدْ كُنَّا نَقُولُ بِهِ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى ثُمَّ وَقَفْتُ عَنْهُ وَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْخِيَرَةَ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّا قَدْ نَجِدُ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ بِالسُّنَّةِ، ثُمَّ لَا نَجِدُ لِقَوْلِهِ السُّنَّةَ نَفَاذًا بِأَنَّهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالْقِيَاسُ أَوْلَى بِنَا فِيهَا»، وَقَالَ: «لَا يَثْبُتُ عَنْ زَيْدٍ إِلَّا كَثُبُوتِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ»،\n\n١٦١٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدٍ، الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، وَرِوَايتُهُمَا، عَنْهُمَا مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ رِوَايَةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَالْقِيَاسُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"12","page":135},{"text":"١٦١٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فِي  «جِرَاحَاتِ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ يَسْتَوِي فِي السِّنِّ، وَالْمُوضِحَةِ، وَمَا خَلَا فَعَلَى النِّصْفِ»، ⦗١٣٧⦘\n\n١٦١٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا فَيَقُولُونَ: «عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ» وَأَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،\n\n١٦١٨٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَى هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ فِيمَا جَاءَ بِهِ عُرْوَةُ الْبَارِقِيُّ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ عُمَرَ. فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ قَوْلِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي جَرْحِ النِّسَاءِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٦١٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: \" وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَضَتَ السُّنَّةُ بِأَنَّ فِي الذَّكَرِ الدِّيَةَ، وَفِي الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ الدِّيَةَ، وَعَنَ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي الْبَيْضَتَيْنِ: «هُمَا سَوَاءٌ»\n\n١٦١٩١ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عَطَاءٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَعُرْوَةُ، وَمَسْرُوقٌ، وَالْحَسَنُ،","vol":"12","page":136},{"text":"١٦١٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ: قَضَى فِي الْعَيْنِ الْقَائِمَةِ إِذَا طُفِئَتْ بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَلَعَلَّهُ قَضَى بِهِ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى ⦗١٣٨⦘\n\n١٦١٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: «وَعَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الْعَيْنِ الْقَائِمَةِ، وَالسِّنِّ السَّوْدَاءِ، وَالْيَدِ الشَّلَّاءِ ثُلُثُ دِيَتِهَا»\n\n١٦١٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي الْعَيْنِ الْعَوْرَاءِ، وَالْيَدِ الشَّلَّاءِ، وَلِسَانِ الْأَخْرَسِ حُكْمٌ","vol":"12","page":137},{"text":"١٦١٩٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، فِيمَا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n١٦١٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَطَاءً عَنِ الْحَاجِبِ يُشَانُ؟ قَالَ: مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيهِ شَيْئًا،\n\n١٦١٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «فِيهِ حُكُومَةٌ بِقَدْرِ الشَّيْنِ وَالْأَلَمِ»","vol":"12","page":138},{"text":"١٦١٩٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: حَلْقُ الرَّأْسِ لَهُ نَذْرٌ؟ فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَعْلَمْ \"\n\n١٦١٩٨ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: النَّذْرُ وَالْقَدْرُ وَاحِدٌ،\n\n١٦١٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا نَذْرَ فِي الشَّعْرِ مَعْلُومٌ،\n\n١٦٢٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُمْ، فَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، «أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِي الْحَاجِبِ إِذَا أُصِيبَ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ شَعْرُهُ بِمُوضِحَتَيْنِ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ» إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مُنْقَطِعًا ⦗١٣٩⦘\n\n١٦٢٠١ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" فِي الشَّعْرِ إِذَا لَمْ يَنْبُتِ: الدِّيَةُ \"، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٌّ بِهِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ، وَمَكْحُولٍ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ زَيْدًا، فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٦٢٠٢ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، \" أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي الْحَاجِبِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ \"،\n\n١٦٢٠٣ - وَقَالَ فِي الشَّعْرِ يُجْنَى عَلَيْهِ، فَلَا يَنْبُتُ،\n\n١٦٢٠٤ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدٍ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «فِيهِ الدِّيَةُ»،\n\n١٦٢٠٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: لَمْ يَثْبُتْ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدٍ، مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُمَا","vol":"12","page":138},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1117>التَّرْقُوَةُ وَالضِّلَعُ</span>","vol":"12","page":140},{"text":"١٦٢٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَضَى فِي الضِّرْسِ بِجَمَلٍ، وَفِي التَّرْقُوَةِ بِجَمَلٍ، وَفِي الضِّلَعِ بِجَمَلٍ \"\n\n١٦٢٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فِي الْأَضْرَاسِ خَمْسٌ خَمْسٌ لِمَا جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ خَمْسٌ، وَكَانَتِ الضِّرْسُ سِنًّا،\n\n١٦٢٠٨ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَأَنَا أَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ فِي التَّرْقُوَةِ، وَالضِّلَعِ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيمَا عَلِمْتُهُ، فَلَمْ أَرَ أَنْ أَذْهَبَ إِلَى رَأْيِي، فَأُخَالِفُهُ بِهِ،\n\n١٦٢٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: بِهَذَا أَجَابَ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِهِ وَمَالِكٍ، وَبِهِ أَجَابَ فِي كِتَابِ الدِّيَاتِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ،\n\n١٦٢١٠ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْجِرَاحِ: يُشْبِهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا حُكِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ فِيمَا وَصَفْتُ حُكُومَةً لَا تَوْقِيتَ عَقْلٍ، فَفِي كُلِّ عَظْمٍ كُسِرَ مِنْ إِنْسَانٍ غَيْرِ السِّنِّ حُكُومَةٌ وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا أَرْشٌ مَعْلُومٌ","vol":"12","page":140},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1118>دِيَةُ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ</span>\n١٦٢١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْمُعَاهَدِ يُقْتَلُ خَطَأً بِدِيَةٍ مُسَلَّمَةٍ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ»،\n\n١٦٢١٢ - وَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ مَعَ مَا ⦗١٤٢⦘ فَرَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ، فَلَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُحْكَمَ عَلَى قَاتِلِ الْكَافِرِ بِدِيَةٍ وَلَا أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْهَا بِخَبَرٍ لَازِمٍ، وَالنَّصْرَانِيُّ بِثُلُثِ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ،\n\n١٦٢١٣ - وَقَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ فِي دِيَةِ الْيَهُودِيِّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ بِثُلُثِ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ،\n\n١٦٢١٤ - وَقَضَى عُمَرُ فِي دِيَةِ الْمَجُوسِيِّ بِثَمَانِي مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ،\n\n١٦٢١٥ - وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا قَالَ فِي دِيَاتِهِمْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ هَذَا،\n\n١٦٢١٦ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّ دِيَاتِهِمْ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ هَذَا، فَأَلْزَمْنَا قَاتِلَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَقَلَّ مِمَّا اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"12","page":141},{"text":"١٦٢١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْحَدَّادِ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ قَضَى فِي دِيَةِ الْيَهُودِيِّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، وَفِي دِيَةِ الْمَجُوسِيِّ بِثَمَانِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ \"،\n\n١٦٢١٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ\n\n١٦٢١٩ - وَهُوَ فِي كِتَابِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ،\n\n١٦٢٢٠ - وَفِيهِ أَيْضًا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁","vol":"12","page":142},{"text":"١٦٢٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، قَالَ: \" أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ نَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ دِيَةِ الْمُعَاهَدِ، فَقَالَ: قَضَى فِيهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ﵁ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، قَالَ: فَقُلْنَا: فَمَنْ قَبْلَهُ؟ قَالَ: فَحَصَبَنَا،\n\n١٦٢٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ سَأَلُوهُ آخِرًا،\n\n١٦٢٢٣ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ كَانَ يَقُولُ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى هَذَا،\n\n١٦٢٢٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي دِيَةِ الْمَجُوسِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مِثْلُ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ،","vol":"12","page":143},{"text":"١٦٢٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ ابْنَ شَاسٍ الْجُذَامِيَّ، قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَنْبَاطِ الشَّامِ، فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَكَلَّمَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ وَنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنَهَوْهُ عَنْ قَتْلِهِ، قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ دِيَتَهُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ \"","vol":"12","page":143},{"text":"١٦٢٢٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قَالَ: دِيَةُ كُلِّ مُعَاهَدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ","vol":"12","page":143},{"text":"١٦٢٢٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ⦗١٤٤⦘ عَنِ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: «دِيَةُ الْيَهُودِيِّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ وَالْمَجُوسِيِّ سَوَاءٌ»\n\n١٦٢٢٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْمَجُوسِيَّ،\n\n١٦٢٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ: هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْ يَجْهَلُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ ثَابِتٍ فَدَعِ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَعَلَيْكَ فِيهِ حُكْمٌ وَلَكَ فِيهِ آخَرُ، فَقُلْ بِهِ حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ أَنَّكَ قَدِ اتَّبَعْتَهُ عَلَى ضَعْفِهِ، يُرِيدُ رُجُوعَهُ عَنْ قَتْلِ الْمُسْلِمِ بِالْكَافِرِ\n\n١٦٢٣٠ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ دِيَةَ الْمُعَاهَدِ كَانَتْ فِي عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ دِيَةٌ تَامَّةٌ حَتَّى جَعَلَ مُعَاوِيَةُ نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ \"،\n\n١٦٢٣١ - قُلْنَا: فَتَقْبَلُ أَنْتَ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ إِرْسَالَهُ فَنَحْتَجُّ عَلَيْكَ بِمُرْسَلِهِ؟ قَالَ: مَا نَقْبَلُ الْمُرْسَلَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ، وَإِنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ لَقَبِيحُ الْمُرْسَلِ،\n\n١٦٢٣٢ - قُلْنَا: فَإِذَا أَبَيْتَ أَنْ تَقْبَلَ الْمُرْسَلَ وَكَانَ هَذَا مُرْسَلًا وَكَانَ الزُّهْرِيُّ قَبِيحَ الْمُرْسَلِ عِنْدَكَ، أَلَيْسَ قَدْ رَدَدْتَهُ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ؟،\n\n١٦٢٣٣ - ثُمَّ اسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، عَلَى خِلَافِ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِيهِ، قَالَ: سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْ عُمَرَ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٦٢٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِنَّهُ لَيَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ حَفِظَ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ تَزْعُمُونَهُ أَنْتُمْ خَاصَّةً وَهُوَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ غَيْرُ مُنْقَطِعٍ","vol":"12","page":143},{"text":"١٦٢٣٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ إِيَاسِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: \" مِمَّنْ أَنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ، قَالَ: إِنِّي لَأَذْكُرُ يَوْمَ نَعَى عُمَرُ بْنُ ⦗١٤٥⦘ الْخَطَّابِ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ مُقَرِّنٍ الْمُزَنِيَّ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ «،\n\n١٦٢٣٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، كَانَ يُسَمَّى» رَاوِيَةَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ \" لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَحْفَظَ النَّاسِ لِأَحْكَامِهِ،\n\n١٦٢٣٧ - وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يُرْسِلُ إِلَى ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ شَأْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَمْرِهِ،\n\n١٦٢٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الدِّيَةُ جُمْلَةٌ لَا دَلَالَةَ عَلَى عَدَدِهَا فِي تَنْزِيلِ الْوَحْيِ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا عَدَدُ الدِّيَةِ «مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ» عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَبِلْنَا عَنْ عُمَرَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْوَرِقَ، إِذْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، فَهَكَذَا قَبِلْنَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَدَدَ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَعَنْ عُمَرَ دِيَةَ غَيْرِهِ مِمَّنْ خَالَفَ الْإِسْلَامَ إِذْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ شَيْءٌ،\n\n١٦٢٣٩ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ اسْتِوَاءَ الرِّجَالِ، وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَالْعَبِيدِ، وَالْأَجِنَّةِ فِي وُجُوبِ الرَّقَبَةِ، وَاخْتِلَافِهِمْ فِي بَدَلِ النَّفْسِ،\n\n١٦٢٤٠ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَإِذَا كَانَ الْخَبَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي دِيَةِ الْحُرِّ الْمُسْلِمِ أَنَّهَا مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَهَلْ وَجَدْتَ حَدِيثًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ دِيَةَ الْمُعَاهَدِ مِثْلُ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ؟ فَذَكَرَ خَبَرًا لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ","vol":"12","page":144},{"text":"١٦٢٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَأَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ لَهُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَعْدٍ الْبَقَّالِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ:  «جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دِيَةَ الْعَامِرِيَّيْنِ دِيَةَ الْحُرِّ الْمُسْلِمِ، وَكَانَ لَهُمَا عَهْدٌ»،\n\n١٦٢٤٢ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ أَبُو سَعْدٍ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمَرْزُبَانِ الْبَقَّالُ، وَأَهْلُ الْعَمَلِ لَا يَحْتَجُّونَ بِحَدِيثِهِ","vol":"12","page":145},{"text":"١٦٢٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو كُرْزٍ الْفِهْرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ،  «⦗١٤٦⦘ وَدَى ذِمِّيًّا دِيَةَ الْمُسْلِمِ»،\n\n١٦٢٤٤ - وَأَبُو كُرْزٍ هَذَا مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَمْ يَرْوِهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، غَيْرُهُ، قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ،\n\n١٦٢٤٥ - وَأَمَّا مَنْ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَّ دِيَتَهُ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ، فَإِنَّمَا ذَهَبُوا فِيهِ إِلَى حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ","vol":"12","page":145},{"text":"١٦٢٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: ذَكَرَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ، وَدَيْتُهُ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ»،\n\n١٦٢٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَوْهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَقَالَهُ عَوَامٌّ مِنْهُمْ،\n\n١٦٢٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ عَمْرٍو قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":146},{"text":"١٦٢٤٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ: \" كَانَتْ قِيمَةُ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَمَانِيَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَدِيَةُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ يَوْمَئِذٍ النِّصْفُ مِنْ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ. . . فَذَكَرَ خُطْبَتَهُ فِي رَفْعِ الدِّيَةِ حِينَ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ، وَقَالَ: وَتَرَكَ دِيَةَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَمْ يَرْفَعْهَا فِيمَا رَفَعَ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ. فَيُشْبِهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ «عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ» رَاجِعًا إِلَى ثَمَانِيَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ \"، ⦗١٤٧⦘\n\n١٦٢٥٠ - فَتَكُونُ دِيَتُهُمْ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَرْفَعْهَا عُمَرُ فِيمَا رَفَعَ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ عَلِمَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا فِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ تَوْقِيفٌ وَفِي أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ تَقْوِيمٌ،","vol":"12","page":146},{"text":"١٦٢٥١ - وَالَّذِي يُؤَكِّدُ مَا قُلْنَا حَدِيثُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: فَرَضَ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرٌ فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":147},{"text":"١٦٢٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ  «النَّاسَ كَانُوا يَقْضُونَ فِي الْمَجُوسِ بِثَمَانِي مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَأَنَّ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى إِذَا أُصِيبُوا يُقْضَى لَهُمْ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَعْقِلُهُمْ قَوْمُهُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ»،\n\n١٦٢٥٣ - أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا لِمَالِكٍ فِي خِلَافِ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ","vol":"12","page":147},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1119>جِرَاحَةُ الْعَبْدِ</span>","vol":"12","page":148},{"text":"١٦٢٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «عَقْلُ الْعَبْدِ فِي ثَمَنِهِ»،\n\n١٦٢٥٥ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: \" قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ كَثِيرًا هَكَذَا، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: كَجِرَاحِ الْحُرِّ فِي دِيَتِهِ \"","vol":"12","page":148},{"text":"١٦٢٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «جِرَاحُ الْعَبْدِ فِي ثَمَنِهِ كَجِرَاحِ الْحُرِّ فِي دِيَتِهِ»،\n\n١٦٢٥٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَإِنَّ نَاسًا يَقُولُونَ: يُقَوَّمُ بِسِلْعَةٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ» وَهُوَ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ،\n\n١٦٢٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: إِذَا شَجَّ الْعَبْدُ مُوضِحَةً فَلَهُ فِيهَا نِصْفُ عُشْرِ قِيمَتِهِ، ⦗١٤٩⦘\n\n١٦٢٥٩ - وَقَالَ ذَلِكَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، وَهُوَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ شُرَيْحٍ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ","vol":"12","page":148},{"text":"١٦٢٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ \" فِي الْعَبْدِ يُقْتَلُ: فِيهِ قِيمَتُهُ بَالِغَةً مَا بَلَغَتْ \"،\n\n١٦٢٦١ - وَهَذَا يُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٦٢٦٢ - وَعَلِيٍّ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَعْقِلُ الْعَاقِلُ عَمْدًا، وَلَا عَبْدًا، وَلَا صُلْحًا، وَلَا اعْتِرَافًا،\n\n١٦٢٦٣ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مُرْسَلًا، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى عُمَرَ","vol":"12","page":149},{"text":"١٦٢٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ أَبُو مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي السَّفَرِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، قَالَ:  «الْعَمْدُ، وَالْعَبْدُ، وَالصُّلْحُ، وَالِاعْتِرَافُ فِي مَالِ الرَّجُلِ، لَا تَعْقِلُهُ الْعَاقِلَةُ»،\n\n١٦٢٦٥ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، ⦗١٥٠⦘\n\n١٦٢٦٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَحْمِلُ الْعَاقِلُ عَمْدًا وَلَا صُلْحًا وَلَا اعْتِرَافًا وَلَا مَا جَنَى الْمَمْلُوكُ،\n\n١٦٢٦٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ فُقَهَاءَ تَابِعِي أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى،\n\n١٦٢٦٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ، لَا يَغْرَمُ سَيِّدُهُ فَوْقَ نَفْسِهِ شَيْئًا،\n\n١٦٢٦٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَغَيْرِهِ، مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ","vol":"12","page":149},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1120>بَابُ مَنِ الْعَاقِلَةُ الَّتِي تَغْرَمُ</span>؟\n١٦٢٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ ⦗١٥٣⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «لَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالدِّيَةِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ»،\n\n١٦٢٧١ - وَهَذَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْخَاصَّةِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْخَاصَّةِ","vol":"12","page":151},{"text":"١٦٢٧٢ - يَعْنِي مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْجَنِينِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" قَضَى فِي جَنِينِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ سَقَطَ مَيِّتًا بِغُرَّةٍ: عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ الَّتِي قَضَى عَلَيْهَا بِالْغُرَّةِ تُوُفِّيَتْ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَنَّ مِيرَاثَهَا لِبَنِيهَا، وَزَوْجِهَا، وَالْعَقْلُ عَلَى عَصَبَتِهَا \"، ⦗١٥٤⦘\n\n١٦٢٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَمَنْ فِي قَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ قَضَى عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ أَصَابَتْ جَنِينًا بِغُرَّةٍ وَقَضَى عَلَى عَصَبَتِهَا بِأَنَّ عَلَيْهَا مَا أَصَابَتْ وَإِنَّ مِيرَاثَهَا لِوَلَدِهَا وَزَوْجِهَا وَأَنَّ الْعَقْلَ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرِثُوا، وَإِنَّ الْمِيرَاثَ لِمَنْ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ لَهُ","vol":"12","page":153},{"text":"١٦٢٧٤ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ نُضَيْلَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" قَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ بِغُرَّةٍ: عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ، وَقَضَى بِهِ عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الْجَانِيَةِ الَّتِي أَصَابَتْهُ \"","vol":"12","page":154},{"text":"١٦٢٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ نُضَيْلَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، أَنَّ \" امْرَأَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا تَحْتَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ، فَضَرَبَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِعَمُودٍ، فَقَتَلَتْهَا يَعْنِي وَأَسْقَطَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا، فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ: كَيْفَ نَدِي مَنْ لَا صَاحَ، وَلَا أَكَلَ، وَلَا شَرِبَ، وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَسَجْعٌ كَسَجْعِ الْأَعْرَابِ؟» وَقَضَى فِيهِ بِغُرَّةٍ، وَجَعَلَهُ عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"12","page":154},{"text":"١٦٢٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَزَادَ، قَالَ:  «فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ دِيَةَ الْمَقْتُولَةِ عَلَى عَصَبَةِ الْقَاتِلَةِ، وَغُرَّةً لِمَا فِي بَطْنِهَا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ\n\n١٦٢٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ ⦗١٥٥⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا بِأَنَّ الْعَاقِلَةَ: الْعَصَبَةُ وَهُمُ الْقَرَابَةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ \"،\n\n١٦٢٧٨ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ قَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵄ بِأَنْ يَعْقِلَ عَنْ مَوَالِي صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَقَضَى لِلزُّبَيْرِ بِمِيرَاثِهِمْ لِأَنَّهُ ابْنُهَا","vol":"12","page":154},{"text":"١٦٢٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي الْجَامِعِ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ «الزُّبَيْرَ، وَعَلِيًّا، اخْتَصَمَا فِي مَوَالِي لِصَفِيَّةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَضَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ لِلزُّبَيْرِ وَالْعَقْلِ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ»،\n\n١٦٢٨٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنْ فُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ","vol":"12","page":155},{"text":"١٦٢٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ \" فِي حَدِيثِ الْجَنِينِ، قَالَ: فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِيرَاثَهَا لِوَلَدِهَا وَزَوْجِهَا، وَأَنَّ عَقْلَهَا عَلَى عَصَبَتِهَا، وَقَالَ: «يَدٌ مِنْ أَيْدِيكُمِ بَنَتْ»،\n\n١٦٢٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":155},{"text":"١٦٢٨٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ قَتَلَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى، وَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا زَوْجٌ وَوَلَدٌ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دِيَةَ الْمَقْتُولَةِ عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الْقَاتِلَةِ، وَبَرَّأَ زَوْجَهَا وَوَلَدَهَا، فَقَالَتْ عَاقِلَةُ الْمَقْتُولَةِ: مِيرَاثُهَا لَنَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مِيرَاثُهَا لِزَوْجِهَا ⦗١٥٦⦘ وَوَلَدِهَا». . . ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ الْجَنِينِ،\n\n١٦٢٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ،. فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٦٢٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ فِي الدِّيوَانِ وَمَنْ لَيْسَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْعَاقِلَةِ سَوَاءٌ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، وَلَا دِيوَانَ حَتَّى كَانَ الدِّيوَانُ حِينَ كَثُرَ الْمَالُ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ ﵁","vol":"12","page":155},{"text":"١٦٢٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ:  «كَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى كُلِّ بَطْنٍ عُقُولَهُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":156},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1121>بَابُ مَا تَحْمِلُ الْعَاقِلَةُ</span>\n١٦٢٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: «قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالدِّيَةِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، قَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ بِغُرَّةٍ، وَقَضَى بِهِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، فَإِذَا قَضَى بِالدِّيَةِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ حِينَ كَانَتْ دِيَةٌ وَنِصْفُ عُشْرِ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، حِينَ كَانَ نِصْفُ عُشْرِ الدِّيَةِ لِأَنَّهُمَا مَعًا مِنَ الْخَطَأِ، فَكَذَلِكَ يُقْضَى لِكُلِّ خَطَأٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ دِرْهَمًا وَاحِدًا»،\n\n١٦٢٨٨ - وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: يُقْضَى عَلَيْهِمْ بِنِصْفِ عُشْرِ الدِّيَةِ، وَلَا يُقْضَى عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَا دُونَهُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُحْفَظُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِيمَا دُونَ نِصْفِ الْعُشْرِ بِشَيْءٍ،\n\n١٦٢٨٩ - قِيلَ لَهُ: فَإِنْ كُنْتَ إِنَّمَا اتَّبَعْتَ الْخَبَرَ فَقُلْتَ: أَجْعَلُ الْجِنَايَاتِ عَلَى جَانِيهَا إِلَّا مَا كَانَ فِيهِ خَيْرٌ لَزِمَكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ: إِنْ جَنَى جَانٍ مَا فِيهِ دِيَةٌ أَوْ مَا فِيهِ نِصْفُ عُشْرِ دِيَةٍ فَهِيَ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ، وَإِذَا جَنَى مَا هُوَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ دِيَةٍ وَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ نِصْفِ عُشْرِ الدِّيَةِ فَفِي مَالِهِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ امْتَنَعْتَ مِنَ الْقِيَاسِ عَلَيْهِ. ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَإِذَا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّ الْعَاقِلَةَ تَعْقِلُ خَطَأَ الْحُرِّ فِي الْأَكْثَرِ قَضَيْنَا بِهِ فِي الْأَقَلِّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٢٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنْ تَعْقِلَ الْعَاقِلَةُ الثُّلُثَ وَلَا تَعْقِلُ مَا دُونَهُ، فَإِنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الْقَدِيمِ أَنْ تَعْقِلَ الْعَاقِلَةُ الثُّلُثَ فَصَاعِدًا،\n\n١٦٢٩١ - قُلْنَا: الْقَدِيمُ قَدْ يَكُونُ مِمَّنْ يُقْتَدَى بِهِ وَيَلْزَمُ قَوْلُهُ، وَيَكُونُ مِنَ الْوُلَاةِ الَّذِينَ لَا يُقْتَدَى بِهِمْ، وَلَا يَلْزَمُ قَوْلُهُمْ فَمِنْ أَيِّ هَذَا هُوَ؟، ⦗١٥٨⦘\n\n١٦٢٩٢ - قَالَ: أَظُنُّ بِهِ أَعْلَاهَا وَأَرْفَعَهَا،\n\n١٦٢٩٣ - قُلْتُ: أَفَنَتْرُكُ الْيَقِينَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِنِصْفِ عُشْرِ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ لِظَنٍّ، لَيْسَ مَا أَمَرَنَا لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا إِلَّا الْقِيَاسُ مَا تَرَكْنَا الْقِيَاسَ بِالظَّنِّ،\n\n١٦٢٩٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَالسُّنَّةُ الثَّابِتَةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَضَى بِنِصْفِ عُشْرِ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، فَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُقْضَى بِهَا عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، فَلْيَنْظُرْ مَنْ خَالَفَ","vol":"12","page":157},{"text":"١٦٢٩٥ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَدْ أُثْبِتُ الْمُنْقَطِعُ كَمَا أُثْبِتَ الثَّابِتُ، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «أَمَرَ رَجُلًا ضَحِكَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ أَنْ يُعِيدَ الْوُضُوءَ وَالصَّلَاةَ»،\n\n١٦٢٩٦ - وَهُوَ يَعْرِفُ فَضْلَ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الْحِفْظِ عَنْ مَنْ يَرْوِي عَنْهُمْ","vol":"12","page":158},{"text":"١٦٢٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ لِي مَالًا وَعِيَالًا، وَإِنَّ لِأَبِي مَالًا وَعِيَالًا، يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَالِي فَيُطْعِمَ عِيَالَهُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ»،\n\n١٦٢٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ يُخَالِفُ هَذَيْنِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مَعَ مَا لَعَلَّهُ لَوْ جُمِعَ لَكَانَ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْمُنْقَطِعِ،\n\n١٦٢٩٩ - فَإِنْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ أَخْطَأَ بِتَرْكِ تَثْبِيتِ الْمُنْقَطِعِ، فَقَدْ شَرَكَهُ فِي الْخَطَأِ، وَتَفَرَّدَ دُونَهُ بِتَرْكِ الْمُتَّصِلِ، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُتَّصِلُ مَرْدُودًا، وَيَكُونَ الْمُنْقَطِعُ مَرْدُودًا حَيْثُ أَرَادَ ثَابِتًا حَيْثُ أَرَادَ الْعِلْمَ إِذَنْ فِي هَذَا الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ هَذَا لَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ؟\n\n١٦٣٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" الْقَتْلُ ثَلَاثَةُ وُجُوهٍ: عَمْدٌ مَحْضٌ، وَعَمْدٌ خَطَأٌ، وَخَطَأٌ مَحْضٌ \"،\n\n١٦٣٠١ - فَأَمَّا الْخَطَأُ فَلَا اخْتِلَافَ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ عَلِمْتُهُ فِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى ⦗١٥٩⦘ فِيهِ بِالدِّيَةِ فِي ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ، وَذَلِكَ فِي مُضِيِّ ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ مِنْ يَوْمِ مَاتَ الْقَتِيلُ،\n\n١٦٣٠٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَالَّذِي أَحْفَظُ مِنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا فِي الْخَطَأِ الْعَمْدِ هَكَذَا،\n\n١٦٣٠٣ - فَأَمَّا الْعَمْدُ إِذَا قُبِلَتْ فِيهِ الدِّيَةُ فَالدِّيَةُ حَالَّةٌ كُلُّهَا فِي مَالِ الْقَاتِلِ،\n\n١٦٣٠٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ الْعَمْدُ الَّذِي لَا قَوَدَ فِيهِ مِثْلُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَهُ عَمْدًا، وَهَكَذَا صَنَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي ابْنِ قَتَادَةَ الْمُدْلِجِيِّ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةَ فِي مَقَامٍ وَاحِدٍ،\n\n١٦٣٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْخَطَأِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى فِيهِ بِالدِّيَةِ فِي ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي نَقْلِ الْعَامَّةِ دُونَ الْخَاصَّةِ وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي كَلَامِهِ،\n\n١٦٣٠٦ - وَالَّذِي قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ «الرِّسَالَةِ» مِنْ إِضَافَةِ الْقَضَاءِ بِدِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَإِضَافَةِ تَنْجِيمِهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى مَنْ دُونَهُ أَصَحُّ وَأَحْرَى عَلَى مَا نُقِلَ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْخَاصَّةِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ\n\n١٦٣٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، فِي كِتَابِ الرِّسَالَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: وَجَدْنَا عَامًّا فِي أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَضَى فِي جِنَايَةِ الْحُرِّ الْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى الْحُرِّ خَطَأً بِمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الْجَانِي، وَعَامًّا فِيهِمْ أَنَّهَا فِي مُضِيِّ الثَّلَاثِ سِنِينَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ ثُلُثُهَا وَبِأَسْنَانٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ» ⦗١٦٠⦘\n\n١٦٣٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: جَعَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ الدِّيَةَ فِي ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ، وَثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ، وَنِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ، وَثُلُثَ الدِّيَةِ فِي سَنَةٍ،\n\n١٦٣٠٩ - وَعَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَضَى بِالْعَقْلِ فِي قَتْلِ الْخَطَأِ فِي ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ،\n\n١٦٣١٠ - وَإِسْنَادُهُمَا مُرْسَلٌ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَنْ تُنَجَّمَ الدِّيَةُ فِي ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ","vol":"12","page":158},{"text":"١٦٣١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرُو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْجُنَيْدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعَافَى بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَاصِلٌ الْأَحْدَبُ، عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ الْعَقْلَ كَامِلًا فِي ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ، وَالنِّصْفَ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ، وَمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَنَةٍ \"،\n\n١٦٣١٢ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِنْ صَحَّ الْحَدِيثُ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ النِّصْفَ، وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ هُوَ مَا فَوْقَ الثُّلُثِ إِلَى الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وَالثُّلُثُ فَمَا دُونَهُ فِي سَنَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَشَاهِدُهُ رِوَايَةُ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n١٦٣١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنْ لَا يَحْمِلَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ، وَأَرَى عَلَى مَذَاهِبِهِمْ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ مَنْ كَثُرَ مَالُهُ، وَشَهُرَ مِنَ الْعَاقِلَةِ إِذَا قُوِّمَتِ الدِّيَةُ: نِصْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَمَنْ كَانَ دُونَهُ: رُبُعَ دِينَارٍ \" ⦗١٦١⦘\n\n١٦٣١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمُ نَفْسَهُ بِجُرْحٍ خَطَأً، فَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُ عَقْلٌ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَلَا عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ، وَلَا يَضْمَنُ الْمَرْءُ مَا جَنَى عَلَى نَفْسِهِ»،\n\n١٦٣١٥ - وَقَدْ يُرْوَى أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ضَرَبَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي غَزَاةٍ أَظُنُّهَا خَيْبَرَ بِسَيْفٍ فَرَجَعَ السَّيْفُ عَلَيْهِ فَأَصَابَهُ، فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ عَقْلًا","vol":"12","page":160},{"text":"١٦٣١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، قَالَ: \" فَلَمَّا تَصَافَّ الْقَوْمُ كَانَ سَيْفُ عَامِرٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْأَكْوَعِ فِيهِ قِصَرٌ، فَتَنَاوَلَ بِهَا سَاقَ يَهُودِيٍّ لِيَضْرِبَهُ، وَيَرْجِعُ ذُبَابُ سَيْفِهِ، فَأَصَابَ رُكْبَةَ عَامِرٍ، فَمَاتَ مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا قَفَلُوا رَآنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا شَاحِبٌ، فَقَالَ لِي: «مَا لَكَ؟» فَقُلْتُ: فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي زَعَمُوا أَنَّ عَامِرًا حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ، قَالَ: «مَنْ قَالَهُ؟»، قُلْتُ: فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ، فَقَالَ: «كَذَبَ مَنْ قَالَهُ، إِنَّ لَهُ لَأَجْرَيْنِ، وَجَمَعَ بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْهِ إِنَّهُ لَجَاهِدٌ مُجَاهِدٌ قَلَّ عَرَبِيٌّ مَشَى بِهَا مِثْلُهُ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"12","page":161},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1122>بَابُ مَنْ حَفَرَ بِئْرًا فِي مِلْكِهِ أَوْ فِي صَحْرَاءَ أَوْ فِي طَرِيقٍ وَاسِعَةٍ مُحْتَمِلَةٍ لَا ضَرَرَ عَلَى الْمَارَّةِ فِيهَا</span>","vol":"12","page":162},{"text":"١٦٣١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُبَارٌ، وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ، وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ، وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ»","vol":"12","page":162},{"text":"١٦٣١٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «جُرْحُ الْعَجْمَاءِ جُبَارٌ» ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْبَاقِيَ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٦٣١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، غَرِيبٌ لَيْسَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَهُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ، وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ مَحْفُوظٌ، مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ","vol":"12","page":162},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1123>مَا وَرَدَ فِي الِازْدِحَامِ عَلَى الْبِئْرِ</span>","vol":"12","page":163},{"text":"١٦٣٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَنَشِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ: أَنَّ \" نَاسًا حَفَرُوا بِئْرًا لِأَسَدٍ، فَازْدَحَمَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهَا، فَتَرَدَّى فِيهَا رَجُلٌ، فَتَعَلَّقَ بِآخَرَ وَتَعَلَّقَ الْآخَرُ بِآخَرَ، فَجَرَحَهُمُ الْأَسَدُ، فَاسْتُخْرِجُوا مِنْهَا فَمَاتُوا، فَتَشَاجَرُوا فِي ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى أَخَذُوا السِّلَاحَ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ مِئتَيْنِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَرْبَعَةٍ؟ تَعَالَوْا فَلْنَقْضِ بَيْنَكُمْ بِقَضَاءٍ إِنْ رَضِيتُمْ، وَإِلَّا فَارْتَفِعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: لِلْأَوَّلِ رُبُعُ الدِّيَةِ، وَلِلثَّانِي ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ، وَلِلثَّالِثِ نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وَلِلرَّابِعِ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً، وَجَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ عَلَى قَبَائِلِ الَّذِينَ ازْدَحَمُوا عَلَى الْبِئْرِ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَضِيَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يَرْضَ، فَارْتَفَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّ عَلِيًّا قَضَى بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، فَأَمْضَى قَضَاءَ عَلِيٍّ \"،\n\n١٦٣٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ لَا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا،\n\n١٦٣٢٢ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ،\n\n١٦٣٢٣ - وَحَنَشُ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِرِ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، قَالَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ، وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَنَشُ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِرِ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ","vol":"12","page":163},{"text":"١٦٣٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ  «قَضَى فِي الْقَامِصَةِ، وَالْقَارِصَةِ، وَالْوَاقِصَةِ جَارِيَةٌ رَكِبَتْ جَارِيَةً، فَقَرَصَتْهَا جَارِيَةٌ، فَقَمَصَتْ، فَوُقِصَتِ الْمَحْمُولَةُ، فَانْدَقَّ عُنُقُهَا، فَجَعَلَهَا أَثْلَاثًا»،\n\n١٦٣٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا وَيُنْكِرُونَ الْحُكْمَ، وَيَقُولُونَ: مَا يَقُولُ هَذَا أَحَدٌ، وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمَوْقُوصَةِ شَيْءٌ، وَأَنَّ دِيَتَهَا عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الْقَارِصَةِ،\n\n١٦٣٢٦ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"12","page":164},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1124>بَابُ دِيَةِ الْجَنِينِ</span>","vol":"12","page":165},{"text":"١٦٣٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الزَّاهِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ \" امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ رَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى، فَطَرَحَتْ جَنِينَهَا، فَقَضَى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِغُرَّةٍ: عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ،\n\n١٦٣٢٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «أَوْ فَرَسٍ، أَوْ بَغْلٍ»،\n\n١٦٣٢٩ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ فَرَسًا وَلَا بَغْلًا،\n\n١٦٣٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: ذِكْرُ الْفَرَسِ، وَالْبَغْلِ فِيهِ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ، وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ وَمُرْسَلٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ تَفْسِيرِ طَاوُسٍ","vol":"12","page":165},{"text":"١٦٣٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَسَّانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" قَضَى فِي جَنِينِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ سَقَطَ مَيِّتًا بِغُرَّةٍ: عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ الَّتِي قَضَى عَلَيْهَا بِالْغُرَّةِ تُوُفِّيَتْ، فَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِأَنَّ مِيرَاثَهَا لِبَنِيهَا وَزَوْجِهَا، وَالْعَقْلُ عَلَى عَصَبَتِهَا \" أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ","vol":"12","page":166},{"text":"١٦٣٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" قَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ يُقْتَلُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ بِغُرَّةٍ: عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ، فَقَالَ الَّذِي قَضَى عَلَيْهِ: كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَنْ لَا شَرِبَ، وَلَا أَكَلَ، وَلَا نَطَقَ، وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ؟ فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْ إِخْوَانِ الْكُهَّانِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ هَكَذَا مُرْسَلًا","vol":"12","page":166},{"text":"١٦٣٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ: \" أُذَكِّرُ اللَّهَ امْرَأً سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْجَنِينِ شَيْئًا؟ فَقَامَ حَمَلُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّابِغَةِ، فَقَالَ: كُنْتُ بَيْنَ جَارَتَيْنِ، فَضَرَبَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِمِسْطَحٍ، فَأَلْقَتْ جَنِينًا مَيِّتًا، فَقَضَى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِغُرَّةٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِنْ كِدْنَا أَنْ نَقْضِيَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا بِرَأْيِنَا \"، ⦗١٦٧⦘\n\n١٦٣٣٤ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمْ دُونَ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ. فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «جَارَتَيْنِ يَعْنِي ضَرَّتَيْنِ»، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: \" فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَوْ لَمْ نَسْمَعْ هَذَا لَقَضَيْنَا فِيهِ بِغَيْرِ هَذَا \"،\n\n١٦٣٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ\n\n١٦٣٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْجَنِينِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ»،\n\n١٦٣٣٧ - وَقَوَّمَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ الْغُرَّةَ خَمْسًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ،\n\n١٦٣٣٨ - وَلَمْ يُحْكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَلَ عَنِ الْجَنِينِ أَذَكَرٌ أَمْ أُنْثَى إِذْ قَضَى فِيهِ،\n\n١٦٣٣٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا حَكَمَ فِيهِ بِحُكْمٍ فَارَقَ حُكْمَ النُّفُوسِ الْأَحْيَاءِ وَالْأَمْوَاتِ وَكَانَ مَعِيبَ الْأَمْرِ، وَكَانَ الْحُكْمُ فِيمَا حَكَمَ بِهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ اتِّبَاعًا لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٦٣٤٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَا اخْتِلَافَ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ أَنَّ قِيمَةَ الْغُرَّةِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»، ⦗١٦٨⦘\n\n١٦٣٤١ - وَفِي قَوْلِ غَيْرِنَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ خَمْسُونَ دِينَارٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ سِتُّمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ،\n\n١٦٣٤٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا ضَرَبَ الرَّجُلُ بَطْنَ الْأَمَةِ فَأَلْقَتْ جَنِينًا مَيِّتًا فَفِيهِ عُشْرُ قِيمَةِ أُمِّهِ لِأَنَّهُ مَا لَمْ يُعْرَفْ فِيهِ حَيَاةٌ، فَإِنَّمَا حُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ أُمِّهِ، إِذْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حُرًّا فِي بَطْنِهَا،\n\n١٦٣٤٣ - وَهَكَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ وَأَكْثَرُ مَنْ سَمِعْنَا مِنْهُ مِنْ مُفْتِي الْحِجَازِيِّينَ وَأَهْلِ الْآثَارِ،\n\n١٦٣٤٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي الْجَنِينِ كَفَّارَةٌ مَعَ الْغُرَّةِ،\n\n١٦٣٤٥ - وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ","vol":"12","page":166},{"text":"١٦٣٤٦ - وَرَوَى لَيْثٌ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ:  «صَاحَ بِامْرَأَةٍ، فَأَسْقَطَتْ، فَأَعْتَقَ عُمَرُ غُرَّةً»","vol":"12","page":168},{"text":"١٦٣٤٧ - وَرَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَوَّمَ الْغُرَّةَ خَمْسِينَ دِينَارًا \"،\n\n١٦٣٤٨ - وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِمَا انْقِطَاعٌ وَضَعْفٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":168},{"text":"١٦٣٤٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بُشَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ قَيْسَ بْنَ ⦗١٦٩⦘ عَاصِمٍ، جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي وَأَدْتُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ثَمَانَ بَنَاتٍ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَعْتِقْ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ نَسَمَةً»","vol":"12","page":168},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1125>بَابُ الْقَسَامَةِ</span>","vol":"12","page":170},{"text":"١٦٣٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي لَيْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ: أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ وَرِجَالٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ مِنْ جَهْدٍ أَصَابَهُمَا، فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِمَا، فَأَتَى مُحَيِّصَةَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَدْ قُتِلَ، وَطُرِحَ فِي فَقِيرٍ أَوْ عَيْنٍ، فَأَتَى يَهُودَ، فَقَالَ: أَنْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ. قَالُوا: وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ، فَأَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَهُوَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ فَذَهَبَ مُحَيِّصَةُ يَتَكَلَّمُ وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِمُحَيِّصَةَ: «كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ» يُرِيدُ السِّنَّ، فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِمَّا أَنْ يَدُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُؤْذِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ»، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَكَتَبُوا: إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِحُوَيِّصَةَ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: «تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ»، قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: «فَتَحْلِفُ يَهُودُ» قَالُوا: لَا لَيْسُوا بِمُسْلِمِينَ، فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ مِائَةَ نَاقَةٍ، حَتَّى أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّارَ. فَقَالَ سَهْلٌ: لَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي مِنْهَا نَاقَةٌ حُمَيْرَاءُ\"\n\n١٦٣٥١ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ هُوَ وَرِجَالٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، وَمَعْنٌ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، ⦗١٧٢⦘\n\n١٦٣٥٢ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ، فِي إِسْنَادِهِ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ رِجَالٍ، مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ\n\n١٦٣٥٣ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ رِجَالٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ","vol":"12","page":171},{"text":"١٦٣٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَتَفَرَّقَا لِحَاجَتِهِمَا، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، فَانْطَلَقَ هُوَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ قَتْلَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا، وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ أَوْ قَاتِلِكُمْ»، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمْ نَشْهَدْ وَلَمْ نَحْضُرْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا، وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ قَاتِلِكُمْ». قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: كَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ؟ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَقَلَهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، قَالَ بُشَيْرُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ: قَالَ سَهْلٌ: لَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي فَرِيضَةٌ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْفَرَائِضِ فِي مِرْبَدٍ لَنَا \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ،\n\n١٦٣٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٦٣٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِلَّا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ كَانَ لَا يُثْبِتُ: أَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ⦗١٧٣⦘ الْأَنْصَارِيِّينَ فِي الْأَيْمَانِ، أَمِ الْيَهُودَ؟ فَيُقَالُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: إِنَّهُ قَدَّمَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّينَ، فَنَقُولُ: فَهُوَ ذَاكَ، أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا","vol":"12","page":172},{"text":"١٦٣٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي بُشَيْرُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، قَالَ: وُجِدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ قَتِيلًا فِي فَقِيرٍ مِنْ فَقَارِ خَيْبَرَ، أَوْ قَالَ قَلِيبٍ مِنْ قُلُبِ خَيْبَرَ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَحُوَيِّصَةُ، وَمُحَيِّصَةُ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْكِبَرَ، الْكِبْرَ»، فَتَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَتِيلًا وَإِنَّ الْيَهُودَ أَهْلُ كُفْرٍ وَغَدْرٍ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَتَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ؟»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَكَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ نَحْضُرْ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تُبْرِئُكُمُ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا»، فَقَالُوا: كَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ مُشْرِكِينَ، قَالَ: فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ سَهْلٌ: قَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي فَرِيضَةٌ مِنْهَا \"،\n\n١٦٣٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ يُحَدِّثُهُ هَكَذَا، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي أَبَدَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْأَنْصَارِ فِي أَمْرِ الْيَهُودِ؟،\n\n١٦٣٥٩ - فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ يُحَدِّثُونَ أَنَّهُ بَدَأَ بِالْأَنْصَارِ، قَالَ: فَهُوَ ذَلِكَ وَرُبَّمَا حَدَّثَهُ وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ،\n\n١٦٣٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ أَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْهُ، وَأَحَالَ بِهِ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَبِشْرِ بْنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى ⦗١٧٤⦘ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، قَالَ حَمَّادٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، وَاتَّفَقُوا كُلُّهُمْ عَلَى الْبِدَايَةِ بِالْأَنْصَارِ","vol":"12","page":173},{"text":"١٦٣٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِمَا، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، فَقَدِمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ، فَأَتَى هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَهُوَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ لِمَكَانِهِ مِنْ أَخِيهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ»، فَتَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ، أَوْ حُوَيِّصَةُ فَذَكَرَا شَأْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ أَوْ قَاتِلِكُمْ» قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمْ نَشْهَدْ وَلَمْ نَحْضُرْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا؟»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ؟، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَزَعَمَ بُشَيْرُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَدَاهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ \"،\n\n١٦٣٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، وَهُشَيْمُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٦٣٦٣ - قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: وَهُوَ يُحَدِّثُ عَمَّنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":174},{"text":"١٦٣٦٤ - وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ: قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَحَدَّثَنِي بُشَيْرُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَهْلٌ، قَالَ: لَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي فَرِيضَةٌ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْفَرَائِضِ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُمَا مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَاتَّفَقُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ ﷺ بَدَأَ بِالْأَنْصَارِ،\n\n١٦٣٦٥ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرٍ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، وَسَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَسُوَيْدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ،\n\n١٦٣٦٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَبَشِيرُ بْنُ أَبِي كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي الْبِدَايَةِ بِأَيْمَانِ الْمُدَّعِينَ، وَقَالَ: «تُسَمُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ ثُمَّ تَحْلِفُونَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا فَنُسَلِّمُهُ إِلَيْكُمْ»","vol":"12","page":175},{"text":"١٦٣٦٧ - وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: زَعَمَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ \" نَفَرًا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ انْطَلَقُوا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهَا وَوَجَدُوا أَحَدَهُمْ قَتِيلًا، وَقَالُوا لِلَّذِينَ وُجِدَ فِيهِمْ: قَتَلْتُمْ صَاحِبَنَا؟ قَالُوا: مَا قَتَلْنَا وَلَا عَلِمْنَا قَاتِلًا، فَانْطَلَقُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ انْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَوَجَدْنَا أَحَدَنَا قَتِيلًا؟ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: «تَأْتُونِي بِالْبَيِّنَةِ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُ»، قَالُوا: مَا لَنَا بَيِّنَةٌ قَالَ: «فَتَحْلِفُونَ»، قَالُوا: لَا نَرْضَى بِأَيْمَانِ الْيَهُودِ، فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُبْطَلَ دَمَهُ، فَوَدَاهُ مِائَةً مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ \"،\n\n١٦٣٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ، مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَلَمْ يَسُقْ مَتْنَهُ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ رِوَايَةَ يَحْيَى، ⦗١٧٦⦘\n\n١٦٣٦٩ - قَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ: رِوَايَةُ سَعِيدٍ غَلَطٌ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ،\n\n١٦٣٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ لَا يُخَالِفَ رِوَايَةَ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرٍ، وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِالْبَيِّنَةِ أَيْمَانَ الْمُدَّعِينَ مَعَ اللَّوْثِ كَمَا فَسَّرَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ⦗١٧٧⦘ أَوْ طَالَبَهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَةِ كَمَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَيْمَانَ كَمَا فِي رِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا رَدَّهَا عَلَى الْيَهُودِ كَمَا فِي الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":175},{"text":"١٦٣٧١ - وَالَّذِي يُؤَكِّدُ هَذَا تَأْوِيلُ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، حَدَّثَ، فَذَكَرَ إِنْكَارَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَوْلَ مَنْ أَقَادَ بِالْقَسَامَةِ، فَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: \" الْقَسَامَةُ حَقٌّ، وَقَدْ قَضَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْأَنْصَارِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا هُمْ بِصَاحِبِهِمْ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي دَمِهِ، فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: قَتَلَتْنَا الْيَهُودُ، وَسَمُّوا رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «شَاهِدَانِ مِنْ عِنْدِكُمْ حَتَّى أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ بِرُمَّتِهِ»، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ، فَقَالَ: «اسْتَحِقُّوا ⦗١٧٨⦘ بِخَمْسِينَ قَسَامَةً أَدْفَعْهُ إِلَيْكُمْ بِرُمَّتِهِ»، فَقَالُوا: \" يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ نَحْلِفَ عَلَى غَيْبٍ، فَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِقَسَامَةِ الْيَهُودِ بِخَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ، قَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ لَا يُبَالُونَ الْحَلِفَ مَهْمَا نَقْبَلُ هَذَا مِنْهُمْ يَأْتُونَ عَلَى آخِرِنَا، فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ \"،\n\n١٦٣٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَهَذَا الْمُرْسَلُ، يُؤَكِّدُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا","vol":"12","page":177},{"text":"١٦٣٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ مَا يُوَافِقُ هَذَا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أَصْبَحَ قَتِيلًا عَلَى أَبْوَابِ خَيْبَرَ؟، فَغَدَا أَخُوهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخِي أَصْبَحَ قَتِيلًا عَلَى أَبْوَابِ خَيْبَرَ؟ فَقَالَ:  «شَاهِدَانِ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُ نَدْفَعُ إِلَيْكَ بِرُمَّتِهِ»، فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ لِي بِالشَّاهِدَيْنِ، قَالَ: «فَتَحْلِفُ خَمْسِينَ قَسَامَةً؟» ⦗١٧٩⦘ قَالَ:. وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. يَعْنِي فِي إِبَاحَةِ وَعَرْضِ أَيْمَانِ الْيَهُودِ وَامْتِنَاعِهِ مِنْ قَبُولِهَا، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ دِيَتَهُ \"","vol":"12","page":178},{"text":"١٦٣٧٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، وَقُرَّةَ، وَابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ خَمْسُونَ رَجُلًا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا، فَإِنْ نَكَلَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ لَمْ يُعْطَوَا الدَّمَ»،\n\n١٦٣٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الرَّزَّازُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْهُمْ،\n\n١٦٣٧٦ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَوْلَى مِمَّا رُوِيَ عَنْهُمَا، بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ لِمُوَافَقَتِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ الثَّابِتَةَ فِي الْبِدَايَةِ،\n\n١٦٣٧٧ - فَأَمَّا الْقَوَدُ بِهَا فَفِيهِ خِلَافٌ، وَذَلِكَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي آخِرِهِ،\n\n١٦٣٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَقَالَ: يَعْنِي مَنْ كَلَّمَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَدْ خَالَفَ حَدِيثَكُمُ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَابْنُ بُجَيْدٍ قُلْتُ: أَفَأَخَذْتَ بِحَدِيثِ سَعِيدٍ، وَابْنِ بُجَيْدٍ،\n\n١٦٣٧٩ - فَيَقُولُ: اخْتَلَفَتْ أَحَادِيثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَخَذْتَ بِأَحَدِهَا؟ قَالَ: لَا،\n\n١٦٣٨٠ - قُلْتُ: فَقَدْ خَالَفْتَ كُلَّ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ، قَالَ: فَلِمَ لَا تَأْخُذُ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ؟ قُلْتُ: مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالْمُتَّصِلُ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ، وَالْأَنْصَارِيُّونُ أَعْلَمُ بِحَدِيثِ صَاحِبِهِمْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، ⦗١٨٠⦘\n\n١٦٣٨١ - قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ لَمْ تَأْخُذْ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُجَيْدٍ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا يَثْبُتُ ثُبُوتَ حَدِيثِ سَهْلٍ","vol":"12","page":179},{"text":"١٦٣٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمِنْ كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ بُجَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْظِيِّ، أَحَدِ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ مَا كَانَ سَهْلٌ بِأَكْثَرَ عِلْمًا مِنْهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَانَ أَسَنَّ مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا هَكَذَا كَانَ الشَّأْنُ، وَلَكِنَّ سَهْلًا أَوْهَمَ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَحَلِفُوا عَلَى مَا لَا عِلْمَ لَهُمْ بِهِ وَلَكِنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ حِينَ كَلَّمَهُ الْأَنْصَارُ أَنَّهُ وُجِدَ قَتِيلٌ مِنْ أَبْنَائِكُمْ فَدُوهُ، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَيْهِ يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلُوهُ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ لَهُ قَاتِلًا، فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ»،\n\n١٦٣٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ لِي قَائِلٌ: مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُجَيْدٍ،\n\n١٦٣٨٤ - قُلْتُ: لَا أَعْلَمُ ابْنَ بُجَيْدٍ سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَلَسْنَا وَإِيَّاكَ نُثْبِتُ الْمُرْسَلَ، وَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ سَهْلًا صَحِبَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَسَمِعَ مِنْهُ. وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ سِيَاقًا لَا يُشْبِهُ إِلَّا الْأَثْبَاتَ، فَأَخَذْتُ بِهِ لِمَا وَصَفْتُ، ⦗١٨١⦘\n\n١٦٣٨٥ - قَالَ: فَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ؟ قُلْتُ: مُرْسَلٌ، وَالْقَتِيلُ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَالْأَنْصَارِيُّونَ بِالْعِنَايَةِ أَوْلَى بِالْعِلْمِ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ إِذْ كَانَ كُلُّ ثِقَةٍ، وَكُلٌّ عِنْدَنَا بِنِعْمَةِ اللَّهِ ثِقَةٌ","vol":"12","page":180},{"text":"١٦٣٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ بِحَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مَا رَوَى عَنْهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" قَالَ لِيَهُودَ وَبَدَأَ بِهِمْ: «يَحْلِفُ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ رَجُلًا» فَأَبَوْا، فَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارُ: «اسْتَحِقُّوا»، فَقَالُوا: نَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَجَعَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى يَهُودَ لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ \"","vol":"12","page":181},{"text":"١٦٣٨٧ - وَخَالَفَهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، فَرَوَوْهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، أَوْ عَنْ نَاسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «أَقَرَّ الْقَسَامَةَ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَقَضَى بِهَا بَيْنَ نَاسٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي قَتِيلٍ ادَّعُوهُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ»،\n\n١٦٣٨٨ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ الْقَسَامَةَ كَانَتْ قَسَامَةَ الدَّمِ، فَأَقَرَّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ،\n\n١٦٣٨٩ - وَكُلُّ مَنْ نَظَرَ فِيمَا سِوَى حَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ ⦗١٨٢⦘ سَهْلٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ عَلِمَ أَنَّ سَهْلًا أَحْفَظُ لَهَا، وَأَحْسَنُ سِيَاقًا لِلْحَدِيثِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَحَدِيثُهُ مُتَّصِلٌ، وَالْمُتَّصِلُ أَبَدًا أَوْلَى مِنْ غَيْرِهِ إِذَا كَانَ كُلٌّ ثِقَةً كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"12","page":181},{"text":"١٦٣٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ فِي \" قَتِيلٍ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ خَيْوَانَ، وَوَدَاعَةَ أَنْ يُقَاسَ مَا بَيْنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ، قَالَ: أَيُّهُمَا كَانَ أَقْرَبَ أُخْرِجَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا، حَتَّى يُوَافُوهُ بِمَكَّةَ فَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الْحِجْرَ، فَأَحْلَفَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَضَى عَلَيْهِمْ بِالدِّيَةِ، فَقَالُوا: مَا وَفَّتْ أَمْوَالُنَا أَيْمَانَنَا، وَلَا أَيْمَانُنَا أَمْوَالَنَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: كَذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ؟:","vol":"12","page":182},{"text":"١٦٣٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ: عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁:  «حَقَنْتُمْ بِأَيْمَانِكُمْ دِمَاءَكُمْ، وَلَا يُطَلُّ دَمُ مُسْلِمٍ»،\n\n١٦٣٩٢ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ مَا يُخَالِفُونَ عُمَرَ ﵁ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ مِنَ الْأَحْكَامِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَفَثَابِتٌ هُوَ عِنْدَكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ، وَالْحَارِثُ مَجْهُولٌ\n\n١٦٣٩٣ - وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الثَّابِتِ أَنَّهُ \" بَدَأَ بِالْمُدَّعِينَ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا قَالَ: «فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا» وَإِذْ قَالَ: «تُبْرِئُكُمْ فَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةٌ، وَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقْبَلِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّونَ أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَدَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى يَهُودَ الْقَتِيلِ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ شَيْئًا»، ⦗١٨٣⦘\n\n١٦٣٩٤ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ، أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: حَارِثٌ الْأَعْوَرُ كَانَ كَذَّابًا،\n\n١٦٣٩٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁. وَمُجَالِدٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ،\n\n١٦٣٩٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ\n\n١٦٣٩٧ - قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: عَنْ أَبِي زَيْدٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ يُحَدِّثُ حَدِيثَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ، أَنَّ قَتِيلًا وُجِدَ بَيْنَ وَادِعَةَ، وَخَيْوَانَ \" فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ مَنْ حَدَّثَكَ؟ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُجَالِدٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ،\n\n١٦٣٩٨ - فَعَادَتْ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ مُجَالِدٍ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى مُجَالِدٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَمُجَالِدٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":182},{"text":"١٦٣٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَخَذْتُ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ نَفَرٍ حُفَظٌّ مُعَاذٌ مِنْهُمْ، مُجَاهِدٌ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ، وَالْحَسَنُ، قَوْلُهُ: \" ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ، وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى.﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨]. قَالَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ اقْتَتَلُوا قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِقَلِيلٍ، وَكَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْحَيَّيْنِ فَضْلٌ عَلَى الْآخَرِ، فَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ لَيَقْتُلُنَّ بِالْأُنْثَى الذَّكَرَ، وَبِالْعَبْدِ مِنْهُمُ الْحُرَّ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ رَضُوا وَسَلَّمُوا \"،\n\n١٦٤٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قَالُوا مِنْ هَذَا بِمَا قَالُوا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ⦗١٨٤⦘ إِنَّمَا أَلْزَمَ كُلَّ مُذْنِبٍ ذَنْبَهُ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ جُرْمَ أَحَدٍ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] إِذَا كَانَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ قَاتِلًا لَهُ، ﴿وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] إِذَا كَانَ قَاتِلًا لَهُ، ﴿وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] إِذَا كَانَتْ قَاتِلَةً لَهَا لَا أَنْ يُقْتَلَ بِأَحَدٍ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ لِفَضْلِ الْمَقْتُولِ عَلَى الْقَاتِلِ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَعْدَى النَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَنْ قَتَلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ»،\n\n١٦٤٠١ - وَمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنْ لَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنْ يُقْتَلَ الرَّجُلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَوْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ غَيْرَ خَاصَّةٍ كَمَا قَالَ مَنْ وَصَفْتُ قَوْلَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ: لَمْ يُقْتَلْ ذَكَرٌ بِأُنْثَى. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"12","page":183},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1126>قَتْلُ الرَّجُلِ بِالْمَرْأَةِ</span>\n١٦٤٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مِمَّنْ لَقِيتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مُخَالِفًا فِي أَنَّ الدَّمَيْنِ مُتَكَافِئَانِ بِالْحُرِّيَّةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ عَمْدًا قُتِلَ بِهَا وَإِذَا قَتَلَتْهُ قُتِلَتْ بِهِ،\n\n١٦٤٠٣ - وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ، وَلَا أَوْلِيَائِهَا شَيْءٌ إِذَا قُتِلَتْ بِهِ وَلَا إِذَا قُتِلَ بِهَا،\n\n١٦٤٠٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ بِامْرَأَةٍ أَقَادَهُمْ بِهَا،\n\n١٦٤٠٥ - وَبِهِ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿كَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥]\n⦗١٨٦⦘\n\n١٦٤٠٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ «يَهُودِيًّا قَتَلَ جَارِيَةً عَلَى أَوْضَاحٍ، فَقَتَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِهَا»،\n\n١٦٤٠٧ - وَفِي كِتَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ الَّذِي بَعَثَهُ مَعَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقْتَلُ بِالْمَرْأَةَ","vol":"12","page":185},{"text":"١٦٤٠٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ، وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ»","vol":"12","page":186},{"text":"١٦٤٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ ⦗١٨٧⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: فِي \" الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ، قَالَ: إِنْ أَرَادَ أَوْلِيَاءَ الْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ يَقْتَصُّوا لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ، حَتَّى يُعْطُوا نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ \"،\n\n١٦٤١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، يَقُولُونَ: بَيْنَهُمَا الْقِصَاصُ فِي النَّفْسِ، أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٦٤١١ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَكِلَاهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٦٤١٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْحَسَنِ، خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا ذُكِرَ، حَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ","vol":"12","page":186},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1127>لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ</span>\n١٦٤١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ \"،\n\n١٦٤١٤ - فَكَانَ ظَاهِرُ الْآيَةِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ إِنَّمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الْبَالِغِينَ الْمَكْتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِصَاصُ، لِأَنَّهُمُ الْمُخَاطَبُونَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ إِذَا قَتَلُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِابْتِدَاءِ الْآيَةِ،\n\n١٦٤١٥ - وَقَوْلُهُ: فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْأُخُوَّةَ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ وَقَطَعَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ،\n\n١٦٤١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى مِثْلِ ظَاهِرِ الْآيَةِ،\n\n١٦٤١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ عَدَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ عَدَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي خُطْبَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ: «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ»، ⦗١٨٩⦘\n\n١٦٤١٨ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّهُ رَوَى ذَلِكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":188},{"text":"١٦٤١٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَأَحْسَبُ طَاوُسًا، وَالْحَسَنَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ»،\n\n١٦٤٢٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: مُجَاهِدٌ، وَالْحَسَنُ، أَوْ طَاوُسٌ وَالْحَسَنُ،\n\n١٦٤٢١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الدِّيَاتِ وَالْقِصَاصِ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ","vol":"12","page":189},{"text":"١٦٤٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: فِي خُطْبَتِهِ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ: «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ»،\n\n١٦٤٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ يَصِلُهُ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ وَحَدِيثِ غَيْرِهِ، ⦗١٩٠⦘\n\n١٦٤٢٤ - قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ \" وَعَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، وَلَكِنْ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ إِسْنَادِكُمْ","vol":"12","page":189},{"text":"١٦٤٢٥ - فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَلِيًّا ﵁، فَقُلْتُ: هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْءٌ سِوَى الْقُرْآنِ؟ قَالَ: \" لَا وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّةَ، وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْتِيَ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا كَمَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ، وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ، قُلْتُ: وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ؟ قَالَ: «الْعَقْلُ، وَفِكَاكُ الْأَسِيرِ، وَأَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ»،\n\n١٦٤٢٦ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمْ دُونَ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: إِلَّا أَنْ يُعْطِيَ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا فَهْمًا فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَقَالَ: «وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"12","page":190},{"text":"١٦٤٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَذَكَرَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ»","vol":"12","page":190},{"text":"١٦٤٢٨ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيِّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ⦗١٩١⦘ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، قَالَ: انْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا، وَالْأَشْتَرُ، إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَقُلْنَا: هَلْ عَهِدَ إِلَيْكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَعْهَدْهُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّةً؟ قَالَ: لَا، إِلَّا مَا فِي كِتَابِي هَذَا أَوْ كِتَابٍ فِي قِرَابِ سَيْفِهِ فَإِذَا فِيهِ:  «الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ، وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ، وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ، أَلَا لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ، وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ، مَنْ أَحْدَثَ حَدَثًا فَعَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَمَنْ أَحْدَثَ حَدَثًا، أَوْ آوَى مُحْدِثًا، فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ»\n\n١٦٤٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: «وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ» يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَمَّا أَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَا قَوَدَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَبَيْنَ الْكُفَّارِ أَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّ دِمَاءَ أَهْلِ الْعَهْدِ مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ: «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ»،\n\n١٦٤٣٠ - احْتَجَّ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ، عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قَالُوا عَلَيْهِ الْخَبَرَ مِنْ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِهِ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ حَرْبِيٍّ، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ بِهِ ذُو عَهْدٍ، بِأَنَّ رِوَايَةَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِتَأْوِيلِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَقَدْ أَشَارَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ بِقَتْلِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ لِقَتْلِهِ الْهُرْمُزَانَ وَجُفَيْنَةَ، وَهُمَا ذِمِّيَّانِ وَكَانَ فِيهِمْ عَلِيٌّ، فَثَبَتَ بِهَذَا أَنَّ مَعْنَى الْخَبَرِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا، ⦗١٩٢⦘\n\n١٦٤٣١ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ: أَحَدُهَا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا أَشَارَ بِذَلِكَ، فَإِدْخَالُهُ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَنْ أَشَارَ بِهِ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ بِرِوَايَةٍ مُنْقَطِعَةٍ دُونَ رِوَايَةٍ مَوْصُولَةٍ مُحَالٌ، وَالثَّانِي: أَنَّ فِيَ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا قَتَلَ بِنْتًا لِأَبِي لُؤْلُؤَةَ صَغِيرَةً كَانَتْ تَدَّعِي الْإِسْلَامَ، وَإِذَا وَجَبَ الْقَتْلُ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنْ قَتَلَاهُ صَحَّ أَنْ يُشِيرُوا عَلَيْهِ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"12","page":190},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1128>بَابُ كَفَّارَةِ الْقَتْلِ</span>\n١٦٤٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: «﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَصَّدَّقُوا فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ فِدْيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾»","vol":"12","page":194},{"text":"١٦٤٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، قَالَ: لَجَأَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى خَثْعَمٍ، فَلَمَّا غَشِيَهُمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ اسْتَعْصَمُوا بِالسُّجُودٍ، فَقَتَلُوا بَعْضَهُمْ، فَبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «أَعْطُوهُمْ نِصْفَ الْعَقْلِ لِصَلَاتِهِمْ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ:  «أَلَا إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ مَعَ مُشْرِكٍ»، قَالُوا: لِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «لَا تَرَاءَى نَارَهُمَا»، ⦗١٩٥⦘\n\n١٦٤٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَحَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n١٦٤٣٥ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: فَوَدَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِنِصْفِ الدِّيَةِ، وَهُوَ بِإِرْسَالِهِ أَصَحُّ،\n\n١٦٤٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَبَتَ، فَأَحْسَبُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْطَى مَنْ أَعْطَى مِنْهُمْ تَطَوُّعًا، وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّهُ بَرِيءٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ مَعَ مُشْرِكٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي دَارِ شِرْكٍ لِيُعْلِمَهُمْ أَنْ لَا دِيَاتَ لَهُمْ وَلَا قَوَدَ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ هَذَا قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فَنَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ بَعْدُ وَيَكُونُ إِنَّمَا قَالَ: «إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ مَعَ مُشْرِكٍ» بِنُزُولِ الْآيَةِ،\n\n١٦٤٣٧ - قَالَ: وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ إِلَّا فِي قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَنَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عَامَّةَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ كَانُوا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَقُرَيْشٌ عَدُوٌّ لَنَا. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِهِ،\n\n١٦٤٣٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي تَأْوِيلِ الْآيَةِ مَعْنَى مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n١٦٤٣٩ - قَالَ: وَلَوِ اخْتَلَطُوا فِي الْقِتَالِ فَقَتَلَ بَعْضُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْضًا فَادَّعَى الْقَاتِلُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْرِفِ الْمَقْتُولَ فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهُ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ، وَلَا قَوَدَ عَلَيْهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ، وَيَدْفَعُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ دِيَتَهُ. ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي","vol":"12","page":194},{"text":"١٦٤٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفٌ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: كَانَ \" أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا، فَرُفِعَ فِي الْآطَامِ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَخَرَجَ يَتَعَرَّضُ الشَّهَادَةَ، فَجَاءَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَابْتَدَرَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَتَوَشَّقُوهُ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ وَحُذَيْفَةُ يَقُولُ: أَبِي. . أَبِي، فَلَا يَسْمَعُونَهُ مِنْ شُغْلِ الْحَرْبِ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُ، فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ، فَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِيهِ بِدِيَةٍ \"،\n\n١٦٤٤١ - وَهَذَا قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، فَقَالَ: وَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٤٤٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدِيَهُ فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ حُذَيْفَةُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ،\n\n١٦٤٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: إِذَا وَجَبَتِ الْكَفَّارَةُ فِي قَتْلِ الْمُؤْمِنِ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ أَوْ فِي الْخَطَأِ الَّذِي وَضَعَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ الْإِثْمَ كَانَ الْعَمْدُ أَوْلَى، وَجَعَلَهُ قِيَاسًا عَلَى قَتْلِ الصَّيْدِ","vol":"12","page":196},{"text":"١٦٤٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ضَمْرَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْلَةَ، عَنِ الْغَرِيفِ ⦗١٩٧⦘ بْنِ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ، قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا وَاثِلَةَ بْنَ الْأَسْقَعِ، فَقُلْنَا لَهُ: حَدِّثْنَا حَدِيثًا سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي صَاحِبٍ لَنَا أَوْجَبَ يَعْنِي النَّارَ بِالْقَتْلِ، فَقَالَ:  «أَعْتِقُوا عَنْهُ يَعْتِقُ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عُضْوًا مِنْهُ مِنَ النَّارِ»","vol":"12","page":196},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1129>بَابُ لَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ خَطَأً</span>","vol":"12","page":198},{"text":"١٦٤٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ وَذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ \" سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ خَطَأً، فَلَمْ يُوَرِّثْهُ، قَالَ: وَلَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلٌ شَيْئًا \"","vol":"12","page":198},{"text":"١٦٤٤٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ، قَالَ:  «لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلٌ مِمَّنْ قَتَلَ خَطَأً أَوْ عَمْدًا، وَلَكِنْ يَرِثُهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ بَعْدَهُ»،\n\n١٦٤٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ فِي الْفَرْقِ مِنْ أَنْ يَرِثَ قَاتِلُ الْخَطَأِ وَلَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلُ الْعَمْدِ خَبَرٌ يُتَّبَعُ، إِلَّا خَبَرَ رَجُلٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَرْفَعُهُ، لَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا كَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُثْبَتَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ، وَيُرَدَّ لَهُ آخَرُ لَا مُعَارِضَ لَهُ","vol":"12","page":198},{"text":"١٦٤٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ فَقَالَ:  «الْمَرْأَةُ تَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا، وَهُوَ يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهِ وَمَالِهَا، مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ عَمْدًا، فَإِنْ قَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ عَمْدًا لَمْ يَرِثْ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ وَمَالِهِ شَيْئًا، وَإِنْ قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُ خَطَأً وَرِثَ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَلَمْ يَرِثْ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ»،\n\n١٦٤٤٩ - وَمَنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ لَزِمَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ بِهَذَا كَمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ،\n\n١٦٤٥٠ - وَأَمَّا الشَّافِعِيُّ فَإِنَّهُ كَالْمُتَوَقِّفِ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرٍو حَتَّى يَنْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":199},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1130>مِيرَاثُ الدِّيَةِ</span>","vol":"12","page":200},{"text":"١٦٤٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «الدِّيَةُ لِلْعَاقِلَةِ، وَلَا تَرِثُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَخْبَرَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُورِّثَ امْرَأَةَ أَشْيَمَ الضِّبَابِيِّ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ»","vol":"12","page":200},{"text":"١٦٤٥٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَى الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ أَنْ يُوَرِّثَ امْرَأَةَ أَشْيَمَ الضِّبَابِيِّ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ \"،\n\n١٦٤٥٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَكَانَ أَشْيَمُ قُتِلَ خَطَأً","vol":"12","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1131>بَابُ الْحُكْمِ فِي السَّاحِرِ</span>\n١٦٤٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ ﵎: \" ﴿وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُوا الشَّيَاطِينُ عَلَى مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيْمَانُ وَلَكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٠٢] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٠٢] \"","vol":"12","page":202},{"text":"١٦٤٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" يَا عَائِشَةُ: أَمَا عَلِمْتِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أَفْتَانِي فِي أَمْرٍ اسْتَفْتَيْتُهُ فِيهِ؟ «وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَثَ كَذَا وَكَذَا يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ يَأْتِي النِّسَاءَ وَلَا يَأْتِيهِنَّ» أَتَانِي رَجُلَانِ، فَجَلَسَ أَحَدُهُمَا عِنْدَ رِجْلَيَّ، ⦗٢٠٣⦘ وَالْآخَرُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِي، فَقَالَ الَّذِي عِنْدَ رِجْلَيَّ لِلَّذِي عِنْدَ رَأْسِي مَا بَالُ الرَّجُلِ؟ قَالَ: مَطْبُوبٌ، قَالَ: مَنْ طَبَّهُ؟ قَالَ: لَبِيدُ بْنُ الْأَعْصَمِ، قَالَ: وَفِيمَ؟ قَالَ: فِي جُفِّ طَلْعَةٍ ذَكَرٍ فِي مُشْطٍ، وَمُشَاقَةٍ تَحْتَ رَعُوفَةٍ، أَوْ رَاعُوفَةٍ \" - شَكَّ رَبِيعٌ -، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: رَاعُوفَةٍ فِي بِئْرِ ذَرْوَانَ، قَالَ: فَجَاءَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «هَذَا الَّذِي رَأَيْتُهَا كَأَنَّ رُءُوسَ نَخْلِهَا رُءُوسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَكَأَنَّ مَاءَهَا نُقَاعَةُ الْحِنَّاءِ»، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأُخْرِجَ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَهَلَّا، قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: يَعْنِي تَنَشَّرْتَ قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ: «أَمَا وَاللَّهِ، فَقَدْ شَفَانِي، وَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُثِيرَ عَلَى النَّاسِ شَرًّا»، قَالَتْ: وَلَبِيدُ بْنُ أَعْصَمَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ حَلِيفٌ لِيَهُودَ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"12","page":202},{"text":"١٦٤٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ بَجَالَةَ، يَقُولُ: \" كَتَبَ عُمَرُ أَنِ اقْتُلُوا كُلَّ سَاحِرٍ وَسَاحِرَةٍ، قَالَ: فَقَتَلْنَا ثَلَاثَ سَوَاحِرَ \"","vol":"12","page":203},{"text":"١٦٤٥٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَنَّ حَفْصَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَتَلَتْ جَارِيَةً لَهَا سَحَرَتْهَا \" ⦗٢٠٤⦘\n\n١٦٤٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْكِتَابِ بَعْدَ مَا بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي أَنْوَاعِ السِّحْرِ: وَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ السُّحَّارُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِنْ كَانَ السِّحْرُ كَمَا وَصَفْنَا شِرْكًا،\n\n١٦٤٥٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ أَمْرُ حَفْصَةَ،\n\n١٦٤٦٠ - وَأَمَّا بَيْعُ عَائِشَةَ الْجَارِيَةَ الَّتِي سَحَرَتْهَا، وَلَمْ تَأْمُرْ بِقَتْلِهَا، فَيُشَبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَمْ تَعْرِفْ مَا السِّحْرُ، فَبَاعَتْهَا لِأَنَّ لَهَا بَيْعَهَا عِنْدَنَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْحَرْهَا وَلَوْ أَقَرَّتْ عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ السِّحْرَ شِرْكٌ مَا تَرَكَتْ قَتْلَهَا إِنْ لَمْ تَتُبْ، أَوْ دَفَعَتْهَا إِلَى الْإِمَامِ لِقَتْلِهَا، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ،\n\n١٦٤٦١ - قَالَ: وَحَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى أَحَدِ هَذِهِ الْمَعَانِي عِنْدَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":203},{"text":"١٦٤٦٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي حَقْنِ دَمِ السَّاحِرِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ سِحْرُهُ شِرْكًا أَوْ يَقْتُلْ بِسِحْرِهِ أَحَدًا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا أَزَالُ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَقَدْ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ﷿»","vol":"12","page":204},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1132>٣٠ - كِتَابُ قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ</span>","vol":"12","page":205},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1133>بَابُ قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ </span>⦗٢٠٩⦘\n١٦٤٦٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ. . .﴾ [الحجرات: ٩] \"،\n\n١٦٤٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ اقْتِتَالَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ وَالطَّائِفَتَانِ الْمُمْتَنِعَتَانِ: الْجَمَاعَتَانِ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ تَمْتَنِعُ أَشَدَّ الِامْتِنَاعِ أَوْ أَضْعَفَ إِذَا لَزِمَهَا اسْمُ الِامْتِنَاعِ وَسَمَّاهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَمَرَنَا بِالْإِصْلَاحِ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَحَقَّ أَنْ لَا يُقَاتِلُوا حَتَّى يُدْعَوْا إِلَى الصُّلْحِ، وَأَمَرَ بِقِتَالِ الْبَاغِيَةِ وَهِيَ مُسَمَّاةٌ بِاسْمِ الْإِيمَانِ حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى اللَّهِ. فَإِذَا فَاءَتْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ قِتَالُهَا، ⦗٢١٠⦘\n\n١٦٤٦٥ - وَالْفَيْءُ: الرَّجْعَةُ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ بِالْهَزِيمَةِ أَوِ التَّوْبَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا. . . وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٦٤٦٦ - قَالَ: وَأَمَرَ إِنْ فَاءُوا أَنْ يُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْعَدْلِ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ تِبَاعَةً فِي دَمٍ وَلَا مَالٍ، فَأَشْبَهَ هَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ تَكُونَ التِّبَاعَاتُ فِي الْجِرَاحِ وَالدِّمَاءِ، وَمَا فَاتَ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ سَاقِطَةٌ بَيْنَهُمْ،\n\n١٦٤٦٧ - وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحُكْمِ إِذَا كَانُوا قَدْ فَعَلُوا مَا فِيهِ حُكْمٌ، فَيُعْطِي بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَا وَجَبَ لَهُ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿بِالْعَدْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]،\n\n١٦٤٦٨ - وَالْعَدْلُ أَخْذُ الْحَقِّ لِبَعْضِ النَّاسِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ،\n\n١٦٤٦٩ - وَإِنَّمَا ذَهَبْنَا إِلَى أَنَّ الْقَوَدَ سَاقِطٌ، وَالْآيَةُ تَحْتَمِلُ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"12","page":207},{"text":"١٦٤٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ:  «أَدْرَكْتُ الْفِتْنَةَ الْأُولَى فِي أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَكَانَتْ فِيهَا دِمَاءٌ، وَأَمْوَالٌ، فَلَمْ يَقْتَصَّ فِيهَا مِنْ دَمٍ، وَلَا مَالٍ، وَلَا قَرْحٍ أُصِيبَ بِوَجْهِ التَّأْوِيلِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوجَدَ مَالُ رَجُلٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، فَيُدْفَعَ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ»،\n\n١٦٤٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ «أَدْرَكْتُ»،\n\n١٦٤٧٢ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَقَالَ: فَأَدْرَكَتْ يَعْنِي تِلْكَ الْفِتْنَةَ رِجَالًا ذَوِي عَدَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ مَعَهُ بَدْرًا، وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُمْ يَرَوْنَ أَنْ يُهْدَرَ أَمْرُ الْفِتْنَةِ.، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ بَعْضَ مَعْنَاهُ، ⦗٢١١⦘\n\n١٦٤٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ ظَهَرَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَى بَعْضِ مَنْ قَاتَلَ، وَفِي أَصْحَابِهِ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ وَفِيهِمْ مَنْ قَتَلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَجَرَحَ، فَلَمْ يُقِدْ وَاحِدًا مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ مِنْ دَمٍ وَلَا جُرْحٍ وَلَمْ يُغَرِّمْهُ شَيْئًا عَلِمْنَاهُ\n\n١٦٤٧٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَهْلُ الرِّدَّةِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ضَرْبَانِ مِنْهُمْ كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ مِثْلُ: طُلَيْحَةَ، وَمُسَيْلِمَةَ، وَالْعَنْسِيِّ، وَأَصْحَابِهِمْ، وَمِنْهُمْ قَوْمٌ تَمَسَّكُوا بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَمَنَعُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ. ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَوْلُ عُمَرَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ» وَقَوْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: \" هَذَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا: لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا مِمَّا أَعْطَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ\" مَعْرِفَةً مِنْهُمَا مَعًا بِأَنَّ مِمَّنْ قَاتَلُوا مَنْ هُوَ عَلَى التَّمَسُّكِ بِالْإِيمَانِ، وَلَوْلَا ذَلِكَ مَا شَكَّ عُمَرُ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ، وَلَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: قَدْ تَرَكُوا «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»، فَصَارُوا مُشْرِكِينَ. وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي مُخَاطَبَتِهِمْ جُيُوشَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وإِشْعَارُ مَنْ قَالَ الشِّعْرَ مِنْهُمْ، وَمُخَاطَبَتُهُمْ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ الْإِسَارِ، فَقَالَ شَاعِرُهُمْ:\n[البحر الطويل]\nأَلَا أَصْبِحِينَا قَبْلَ نَائِرَةِ الْفَجْرِ ... لَعَلَّ مَنَايَانَا قَرِيبٌ وَمَا نَدْرِي\n⦗٢١٢⦘\nأَطَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا كَانَ وَسْطَنَا ... فَيَا عَجَبًا مَا بَالُ مُلْكِ أَبِي بَكْرِ\nفَإِنَّ الَّذِي يَسْأَلُكُمُو فَمَنَعْتُمْ ... لَكَالتَّمْرِ أَوْ أَحْلَى إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ التَّمْرِ\nسَنَمْنَعُهُمْ مَا كَانَ فِينَا بَقِيَّةٌ ... كِرَامٌ عَلَى الْعَزَاءِ فِي سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرِ\n⦗٢١٣⦘\nوَقَالُوا لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ الْإِسَارِ: مَا كَفَرْنَا بَعْدَ إِيمَانِنَا، وَلَكِنْ شَحَحْنَا عَلَى أَمْوَالِنَا،\n\n١٦٤٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ «لَا تُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللَّهُ» يَعْنِي فِيمَا أَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مُجَاهَدَتَهُمْ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَأَنَّ الزَّكَاةَ مِثْلُهَا، وَلَعَلَّ مَذْهَبَهُ فِيهِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دِينُ الْقَيِّمَةِ﴾ [البينة: ٥]\n⦗٢١٤⦘ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ وَالصَّلَاةَ وَالزَّكَاةَ، وَأَنَّهُ مَتَى مَنَعَ فَرْضًا قَدْ لَزِمَهُ لَمْ يُتْرَكْ وَمَنْعُهُ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهُ أَوْ يُقْتَلَ،\n\n١٦٤٧٦ - قَالَ: فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِنَفْسِهِ حَتَّى لَقِيَ أَخَا بَنِي بَدْرٍ الْفَزَارِيَّ، فَقَتَلَهُ مَعَهُ عُمَرُ وَعَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ أَمْضَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ فِي قِتَالِ مَنِ ارْتَدَّ، وَمَنْ مَنَعَ الزَّكَاةَ مَعًا، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ بِقُوَامٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٤٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ مُرَاجَعَةَ عُمَرَ وَمُرَاجَعَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مَعَهُ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ عَلَى وَجْهِ النَّظَرِ لَهُ، وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ لِئَلَّا يَجْتَمِعَ عَلَيْهِ حَرْبُهُمْ مَعَ حَرْبِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، لَا عَلَى التَّأَثُّمِ مِنْ قِتَالِهِمْ،\n\n١٦٤٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ قَدْ رَوَيْنَا أَكْثَرَهُ بَأَسَانِيدِهِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ غَيْرِهِ","vol":"12","page":210},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1134>أَهْلُ الْبَغْيِ إِذَا فَاءُوا لَمْ يُتْبَعْ مُدْبِرُهُمْ، وَلَمْ يُقْتَلْ أَسِيرُهُمْ، وَلَمْ يُجْهَزْ عَلَى جَرِيحِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يُسْتَمْتَعْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ</span>","vol":"12","page":215},{"text":"١٦٤٧٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: رُوِيَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، فَقَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا أَكْرَمَ غَلَبَةً مِنْ أَبِيكَ، مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ وَلَّيْنَا يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، فَنَادَى مُنَادِيَهُ:  «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُدْبِرٌ، وَلَا يُذَفَّفُ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ»،\n\n١٦٤٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَكَذَا ذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِلدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَحْفَظُهُ يَعْجَبُ بِحِفْظِهِ. هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ جَعْفَرٌ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ","vol":"12","page":215},{"text":"١٦٤٨١ - قَالَ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، كَانَ  «لَا يَأْخُذُ سَلَبًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ يُبَاشِرُ الْقِتَالَ بِنَفْسِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُذَفِّفُ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ، وَلَا يَقْتُلُ مُدْبِرًا»،\n\n١٦٤٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، وَذَكَرَهُ، فِي ⦗٢١٦⦘ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"12","page":215},{"text":"١٦٤٨٣ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ:  «لَا تَتَّبِعُوا مُدْبِرًا، وَلَا تُجْهِزُوا عَلَى جَرِيحٍ، وَلَا تَغْنَمُوا مَالًا»،\n\n١٦٤٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا تَغْنَمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ الْغَنِيمَةَ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْكَافِرِينَ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا فِي أَمْوَالِ الْمُصَلِّينَ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ مَالُ الْمُسْلِمِ إِلَّا بِطِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُ، لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَحِلُّ مَالُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِطِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُ»،\n\n١٦٤٨٥ - قَالَ: وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ فِي غَنِيمَةِ أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ مُوسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنِ الصَّلْتِ بْنِ بَهْرَامَ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي وَائِلٍ: خَمَّسَ عَلِيٌّ؟ قَالَ: لَا يَعْنِي الْخَوَارِجَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّهَرِ","vol":"12","page":216},{"text":"١٦٤٨٦ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا أَتَى بِرَثَّةِ أَهْلِ النَّهَرِ فَعَرَفَهَا، فَكَانَ مَنْ عَرَفَ شَيْئًا أَخَذَهُ حَتَّى بَقِيَتْ قِدْرٌ لَمْ تُعْرَفْ \"","vol":"12","page":216},{"text":"١٦٤٨٧ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ مُنْذِرٍ، ⦗٢١٧⦘ عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَالَ:  «نَغْنَمْ مَا أَوْجَفُوا عَلَيْنَا مِنْ سِلَاحِ أَوْ كُرَاعٍ»،\n\n١٦٤٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَجَّاجُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ،\n\n١٦٤٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُنْقَطِعٌ أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ: إِنْ ظَهَرْتُمْ، فَلَا تَطْلُبُوا مُدْبِرًا وَلَا تُجْهِزُوا عَلَى جَرِيحٍ، وَانْظُرُوا مَا حَضَرَتْ بِهِ الْحَرْبُ مِنْ آنِيَةٍ فَاقْبِضُوهُ، وَمَا كَانَ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ،\n\n١٦٤٩٠ - وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا بَلَغَنَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مُرْسَلًا. وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ،\n\n١٦٤٩١ - وَالْمَشْهُودُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْبِ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، وَلَا يَوْمَ النَّهَرِ، وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْ مَتَاعِهِمْ شَيْئًا","vol":"12","page":216},{"text":"١٦٤٩٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، أَنَّ كَثِيرَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بُرْقَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَيْمُونُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، قَالَ: \" شَهِدْتُ صِفِّينَ فَكَانُوا لَا يُجْهِزُونَ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ، وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ مُوَلِّيًا، وَلَا يَسْلُبُونَ قَتِيلًا،\n\n١٦٤٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَلَّ قَتِيلٌ فِي الْحَرْبِ لَا يَكُونُ مَعَهُ سِلَاحٌ،\n\n١٦٤٩٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سِمَاكٍ الْحَنَفِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قِصَّةِ الْحَرُورِيَّةِ وَمُنَاظَرَتِهِ مَعَهُمْ، قَالُوا: فَإِنَّهُ قَاتِلٌ وَلَمْ يَسْبِ وَلَمْ يَغْنَمْ، يَعْنُونَ عَلِيًّا","vol":"12","page":217},{"text":"١٦٤٩٥ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي فَاخِتَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، \" أُتِيَ بِأَسِيرٍ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ فَقَالَ: لَا تَقْتُلْنِي صَبْرًا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَا أَقْتُلُكَ صَبْرًا إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ. فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَفِيكَ خَيْرٌ تُبَايِعُ؟ \"،\n\n١٦٤٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْحَرْبُ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ قَائِمَةٌ وَمُعَاوِيَةُ يُقَاتِلُ جَادًّا فِي أَيَّامِهِ كُلِّهَا مُنْتَصِفًا أَوْ مُسْتَعْلِيًا، وَعَلِيٌّ يَقُولُ لِأَسِيرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُعَاوِيَةَ: «لَا أَقْتُلُكَ صَبْرًا إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ» وَأَنْتَ تَأْمُرُ بِقَتْلِ مِثْلِهِ يُرِيدُ مَنْ كَلَّمَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ،\n\n١٦٤٩٧ - وَيَعْنِي بِقَوْلِهِ: «مُنْتَصِفًا أَوْ مُسْتَعْلِيًا» أَيْ يُسَاوِيهِ مَرَّةً فِي الْغَلَبَةِ فِي الْحَرْبِ وَيَعْلُوهُ أُخْرَى. وَقِيلَ: مُنْتَصِفًا عِنْدَ نَفْسِهِ فِي طَلَبِ دَمِ عُثْمَانَ وَمُسْتَعْلِيًا عِنْدَ غَيْرِهِ لِمَا عَلِمَ مِنْ بَرَاءَةِ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ قَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ ﵄. وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ","vol":"12","page":218},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1135>الرَّجُلُ يَتَأَوَّلُ، فَيَقْتُلُ أَوْ يُتْلِفُ مَالًا، أَوْ جَمَاعَةً غَيْرَ مُمْتَنِعَةٍ</span>\n١٦٤٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «أَقَصَصْتَ مِنْهُ وَأَغْرَمْتَهُ الْمَالَ»\n\n١٦٤٩٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا\n\n١٦٥٠٠ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فِيمَا يَحِلُّ دَمَ الْمُسْلِمِ: «أَوْ قَتْلَ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ»\n\n١٦٥٠١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنِ اعْتَبَطَ مُسْلِمًا بِقَتْلٍ فَهُوَ قَوَدُ يَدِهِ»\n\n١٦٥٠٢ - وَسَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: وَلَّى قِتَالَ الْمُتَأَوِّلِينَ فَلَمْ يَقْصُصْ مِنْ دَمٍ، وَلَا مَالٍ أُصِيبَ فِي التَّأْوِيلِ. وَقَتَلَهُ ابْنُ مُلْجَمٍ مُتَأَوِّلًا، فَأَمَرَ بِحَبْسِهِ وَقَالَ لِوَلَدِهِ: «إِنْ قَتَلْتُمْ فَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا» وَرَأَى لَهُ الْقَتْلَ،\n\n١٦٥٠٣ - زَادَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ الْقَوَدُ لَقَالَ: لَا تَقْتُلُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ مُتَأَوِّلٌ","vol":"12","page":219},{"text":"١٦٥٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَالَ فِي ابْنِ مُلْجَمٍ بَعْدَمَا ضَرَبَهُ: أَطْعِمُوهُ وَأَسْقُوهُ وَأَحْسِنُوا إِسَارَهُ، فَإِنْ عِشْتُ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّ دَمِي أَعْفُو إِنْ شِئْتُ، وَإِنْ شِئْتُ اسْتَقَدْتُ، وَإِنْ مُتُّ، فَقَتَلْتُمُوهُ، فَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا بِهِ \"،\n\n١٦٥٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ: وَقَتَلَهُ حَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، وَفِي التَّابِعِينَ بَقِيَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا أَنْكَرَ قَتْلَهُ، وَلَا عَابَهُ، وَلَا خَالَفَ فِي أَنْ يُقْتَلَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ يَمْتَنِعُ بِمِثْلِهَا،\n\n١٦٥٠٦ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَقُدْ عَلِيٌّ، وَلَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَبْلَهُ وَلِيَّ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ الْمُمْتَنِعَ بِمِثْلِهَا عَلَى التَّأْوِيلِ، كَمَا وَصَفْنَا وَلَا عَلَى الْكُفْرِ. وَقَدْ قَتَلَ طُلَيْحَةُ، عُكَّاشَةَ بْنَ مِحْصَنٍ، وَثَابِتَ بْنَ الْأَقْرَمِ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ فَلَمْ يَضْمَنْ عَقْلًا، وَلَا قَوَدًا، ⦗٢٢١⦘\n\n١٦٥٠٧ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: وَلِلشَّافِعِيِّ قَوْلٌ آخَرُ: أَنَّهُ يُقَادُ مِنْهُمْ إِذَا ارْتَدُّوا وَحَارَبُوا وَقَتَلُوا،\n\n١٦٥٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا يُرَدُّ مَعَ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ ﵄ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ","vol":"12","page":220},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1136>الْقَوْمُ يُظْهِرُونَ رَأْيَ الْخَوَارِجِ لَمْ يَحِلَّ بِهِ قِتَالُهُمْ</span>","vol":"12","page":222},{"text":"١٦٥٠٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بَيْنَا هُوَ يَخْطُبُ إِذْ سَمِعَ تَحْكِيمًا مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ: «لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ» فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ:  «لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ» كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ أُرِيدَ بِهَا بَاطِلٌ، لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا ثَلَاثٌ: «لَا نَمْنَعُكُمْ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَذْكُرُوا فِيهَا اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا نَمْنَعُكُمُ الْفَيْءَ مَا كَانَتْ مَعَ أَيْدِينَا، وَلَا نَبْدَأُكُمْ بِقِتَالٍ»،\n\n١٦٥١٠ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أُتِيَ بِابْنِ مُلْجَمٍ، وَقَدْ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ فَخَلَّاهُ، وَقَالَ: أَقْتُلُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَنِي","vol":"12","page":222},{"text":"١٦٥١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْأَزْرَقِيُّ الْغَسَّانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَدِيًّا، كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَنَّ الْخَوَارِجَ عِنْدَنَا يَسُبُّونَكَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ:  «إِنْ سَبُّونِي فَسُبُّوهُمْ، أَوِ اعْفُوا عَنْهُمْ، وَإِنَّ شَهَرُوا السِّلَاحَ، فَاشْهِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَإِنْ ضَرَبُوا فَاضْرِبُوا»،\n\n١٦٥١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، ⦗٢٢٣⦘\n\n١٦٥١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ أَنَّ قَوْمًا مُتَأَوِّلِينَ اعْتَزَلُوا جَمَاعَةَ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَالٍ لِأَهْلِ الْعَدْلِ يَجْرِي حُكْمُهُ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَغَيْرَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُنَصِّبُوا إِمَامًا وَيَعْتَقِدُوا وَيُظْهِرُوا حُكْمًا مُخَالِفًا لِحُكْمِهِ كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْقِصَاصُ،\n\n١٦٥١٤ - وَهَكَذَا كَانَ شَأْنُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَزَلُوا عَلِيًّا وَنَقَمُوا عَلَيْهِ الْحُكُومَةَ، فَقَالُوا: لَا نُسَاكِنُكَ فِي بَلَدٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَامِلًا فَسَمِعُوا لَهُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ قَتَلُوهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ ادْفَعُوا إِلَيْنَا قَاتِلَهُ نَقْتُلُهُ بِهِ،\n\n١٦٥١٥ - قَالُوا: كُلُّنَا قَتَلَهُ، قَالَ: فَاسْتَسْلِمُوا نَحْكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ، قَالُوا: لَا، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ، فَأَصَابَ أَكْثَرَهُمْ،\n\n١٦٥١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الْخَوَارِجِ وَنَهْيَ عَلِيٍّ أَصْحَابَهُ عَنْ أَنْ يَتَبَسَّطُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يُحْدِثُوا حَدَثًا فَمَرُّوا بِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَبَّابٍ، فَقَتَلُوهُ.، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعْنَى مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n١٦٥١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَكُلُّ إِمَامٍ وَلِيَ النَّاسَ بِاخْتِيَارٍ، أَوْ بِغَيْرِهِ، أَوْ مُتَغَلِّبٍ فَجَرَتْ أَحْكَامُهُ، وَسَلَكَتْ بِهِ السُّبُلَ، وَأَمِنَتْ بِهِ الْبِلَادُ لَا يُقَاتَلُ، وَلَا يُقَاتِلُ مَعَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ،\n\n١٦٥١٨ - وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وَإِنْ وَلِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، ⦗٢٢٤⦘\n\n١٦٥١٩ - وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّكُمْ سَتَلْقَوْنَ مِنْ بَعْدِي أَثَرَةً، فَاصْبِرُوا حَتَّى تَلْقَوْنِي»،\n\n١٦٥٢٠ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَطِيعُوهُمْ مَا أَطَاعُوا اللَّهَ فَإِنْ عَصَوَا اللَّهَ فَلَا طَاعَةَ عَلَيْكُمْ» قَالَ: فَإِنَّهُمْ مَا أَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ مُطِيعِينَ لِلَّهِ فِي إِقَامَتِهَا، فَعَلَيْنَا طَاعَتُهُمْ فِيمَا أَطَاعُوا اللَّهَ وَمَا عَصَمُوا فِيهِ أَمْسَكْنَا عَنْهُمْ وَلَمْ نُطَعْهُمْ فِي أَنْ نُشْرِكَهُمْ فِي الْمَعْصِيَةِ","vol":"12","page":222},{"text":"١٦٥٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو التَّيَّاحِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وَإِنِ اسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِيُّ كَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ زَبِيبَةٌ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ","vol":"12","page":224},{"text":"١٦٥٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أُسَيْدِ بْنِ حُضَيْرٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: اسْتَعْمَلْتَ فُلَانًا وَلَمْ تَسْتَعْمِلْنِي؟ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّكُمْ سَتَرَوْنَ بَعْدِي أَثَرَةً، فَاصْبِرُوا حَتَّى تَلْقَوْنِي عَلَى الْحَوْضِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ ⦗٢٢٥⦘\n\n١٦٥٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّكُمْ سَتَرَوْنَ بَعْدِي أَثَرَةً وَأُمُورًا تُنْكِرُونَهَا». قُلْنَا: فَمَا تَأْمُرُنَا؟ قَالَ: «أَدُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ حَقَّهُمْ، وَاسْأَلُوا اللَّهَ ﷿ حَقَّكُمْ»\n\n١٦٥٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ رَأَى مِنْ أَمِيرِهِ شَيْئًا يَكْرَهُهُ، فَلْيَصْبِرْ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يُفَارِقُ الْجَمَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً»","vol":"12","page":224},{"text":"١٦٥٢٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْأَشْعَثَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْعَتَكِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَهِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ ضَبَّةَ بْنِ مِحْصَنٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «سَيَكُونُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَئِمَّةٌ تَعْرِفُونَ مِنْهُمْ، وَتُنْكِرُونَ فَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ»، قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: قَالَ هِشَامٌ: \" بِلِسَانِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ، وَمَنْ كَرِهَ: يَعْنِي بِقَلْبِهِ، فَهُوَ سَلِمَ، لَكِنْ مَنْ رَضِيَ وَتَابَعَ \" فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوَلَا نُقَاتِلُهُمْ؟ قَالَ: «لَا مَا صَلُّوا» ⦗٢٢٦⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْعَتَكِيِّ،\n\n١٦٥٢٦ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ فِي طَاعَةِ السُّلْطَانِ،\n\n١٦٥٢٧ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَكْرَهُ لِلْعَدْلِ أَنْ يَعْمِدَ قَتْلَ ذِي رَحِمِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ، وَلَوْ كَفَّ عَنْ قَتْلِ أَبِيهِ أَوْ ذِي رَحِمِهِ أَوْ أَخِيهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ لَمْ أَكْرَهْ ذَلِكَ بَلْ أُحِبُّهُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ «النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَفَّ أَبَا حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ عَنْ قَتْلِ أَبِيهِ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ عَنْ قَتِلِ أَبِيهِ»، ⦗٢٢٧⦘\n\n١٦٥٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قِصَّةَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ، وَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"12","page":225},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1137>مَنْ أُرِيدَ مَالُهُ فَقَاتَلَ دُونَهُ</span>","vol":"12","page":228},{"text":"١٦٥٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ»","vol":"12","page":228},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1138>بَابُ الْخِلَافِ فِي قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ</span>\n١٦٥٣٠ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي جَوَازِ قِتَالِهِمْ بِالْآيَةِ وَبِمَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي أَوَّلِ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ مِنْ قِتَالِ الصَّحَابَةِ مَانِعِي الزَّكَاةَ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":229},{"text":"١٦٥٣١ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ بِحَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَزْرَقِ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بُشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ الْهَادِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَزْرَقُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «تَفْتَرِقُ أُمَّتِي فِرْقَتَيْنِ، فَتَمْرُقُ بَيْنَهُمْ مَارِقَةٌ يَقْتُلُهَا أَوْلَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ بِالْحَقِّ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ","vol":"12","page":229},{"text":"١٦٥٣٢ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ رَوْحٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ الشَّحَّامِ وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الشَّحَّامُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَسُئِلَ: هَلْ سَمِعْتَ فِيَ الْخَوَارِجِ، مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ وَالِدِي أَبَا بَكْرَةَ، يَقُولُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَلَا إِنَّهُ سَيَخْرُجُ فِي أُمَّتِي ⦗٢٣٠⦘ قَوْمٌ أَشِدَّاءُ أَحِدَّاءُ زَلِقَةٌ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ بِالْقُرْآنِ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُمْ، فَأَنِيمُوهُمْ، ثُمَّ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُمْ، فَأَنِيمُوهُمْ، فَالْمَأْجُورُ مَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ»","vol":"12","page":229},{"text":"١٦٥٣٣ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ وَكِيعٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ خَيْثَمَةَ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يَخْرُجُ قَوْمٌ يَقَرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ، فَإِنَّ فِي قَتْلِهِمْ أَجْرًا لِمَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ»، ⦗٢٣١⦘\n\n١٦٥٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ. . .، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ. وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ","vol":"12","page":230},{"text":"١٦٥٣٥ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ كَثِيرَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي غَالِبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي الْخَوَارِجِ:  «طُوبَى لِمَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ وَقَتَلُوهُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ. . .، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي حَدِيثِ الْخَوَارِجِ بِبَعْضٍ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"12","page":231},{"text":"١٦٥٣٦ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: \" لَوْلَا أَنْ تَبْطَرُوا لَحَدَّثْتُكُمْ مَا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ الَّذِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ، عَلَامَتُهُمْ: رَجُلٌ مُخْدَجُ الْيَدِ أَوْ مَثْدُونُ الْيَدِ أَوْ مُودَنُ الْيَدِ \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ. . .، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٦٥٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقِتَالِ أَقْوَامٍ ⦗٢٣٢⦘ يَخْرُجُونَ فَوَصَفَهُمْ، وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ قِتَالَهُ الْخَوَارِجَ،\n\n١٦٥٣٨ - وَقَدْ تَأَوَّلَ عَلِيٌّ أَنَّ الَّذِينَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَتْلِهِمْ هُمُ الْخَوَارِجُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «عَلَامَتُهُمْ رَجُلٌ مُخْدَجٌ»،\n\n١٦٥٣٩ - وَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْخَوَارِجِ: «فَأَتَيْتُ أُرِيدُ قِتَالَهُمْ، فَوَجَدْتُ عَلِيًّا قَدْ سَبَقَنَا إِلَيْهِمْ»","vol":"12","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1139>أَمَانُ الْعَبْدِ</span>\n١٦٥٤٠ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ، تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ» وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْجِرَاحِ،\n\n١٦٥٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الْحَدِيثُ وَالْعَقْلُ يَدُلَّانِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ أَمَانُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْإِيمَانِ لَا بِالْقِتَالِ،\n\n١٦٥٤٢ - وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ تُؤَمَّنُ فَيَجُوزُ أَمَانُهَا، وَالزَّمِنُ لَا يُقَاتَلُ، فَيُؤَمَّنُ فَيَجُوزُ أَمَانَهُ. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ، ⦗٢٣٤⦘\n\n١٦٥٤٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ أَجَازَ أَمَانَ الْعَبْدِ وَكَتَبَ: إِنَّ عَبْدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ذِمَّتُهُ ذِمَّتُهُمْ","vol":"12","page":233},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1140>٣١ - كِتَابُ الْمُرْتَدِّ</span>","vol":"12","page":235},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1141>بَابُ الْمُرْتَدِّ</span>\n١٦٥٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ.﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٣] \"،\n\n١٦٥٤٥ - وَقَالَ فِي الْمُرْتَدِّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٧] وَذَكَرَ غَيْرَهَا","vol":"12","page":237},{"text":"١٦٥٤٦ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، ⦗٢٣٨⦘ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ: كُفْرٌ بَعْدَ إِيمَانٍ، أَوْ زِنًى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ، أَوْ قَتْلُ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ \"","vol":"12","page":237},{"text":"١٦٥٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا بَلَغَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، حَرَّقَ الْمُرْتَدِّينَ أَوِ الزَّنَادِقَةَ، قَالَ: لَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَا لَمْ أُحَرِّقْهُمْ وَلَقَتَلْتُهُمْ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ». وَلَمْ أُحَرِّقْهُمْ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَ بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"12","page":238},{"text":"١٦٥٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ غَيَّرَ دِينَهُ، فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ»، ⦗٢٣٩⦘\n\n١٦٥٤٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ثَابِتٌ وَلَمْ أَرَ أَهْلَ الْحَدِيثِ يُثْبِتُونَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ بَعْدَهُ: حَدِيثُ زَيْدٍ لِأَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَلَا الْحَدِيثَ قَبْلَهُ\n\n١٦٥٥٠ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، قَالَ: زَيْدٌ مُرْسَلٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ حُجَّةٌ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ يُتَّقَى حَدِيثُهُ وَلَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ،\n\n١٦٥٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ مَوْصُولٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ مَعْنَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَائِشَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":238},{"text":"١٦٥٥٢ - وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَّا فِي إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: رَجُلٌ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ، أَوْ زَنَى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانِهِ، أَوْ نَفْسٍ بِنَفْسٍ \" ⦗٢٤٠⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١٦٥٥٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ فَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ،\n\n١٦٥٥٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِكْرِمَةَ فَإِنَّهُ مَوْصُولٌ قَدِ احْتَجَّ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ فِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّحِيحِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ وَجَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ كَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ رِوَايَةَ عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَلَا يَحْتَجُّونَ بِهَا،\n\n١٦٥٥٥ - وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ،\n\n١٦٥٥٦ - وَكَانَ أَبُو الشَّعْثَاءِ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ يَقُولُ لِعِكْرِمَةَ: هَذَا مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، هَذَا أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ وَأَحَادِيثُهُ مُسْتَقِيمَةٌ تُشِبِهُ أَحَادِيثَ أَصْحَابِهِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاوِي عَنْهُ ثِقَةً، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٥٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ فِي وُجُوبِ قَتْلِ الْمُرْتَدِّ إِذَا لَمْ يَتُبْ مِنْ كُفْرٍ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حُكْمُ الْمُرْتَدِّ حُكْمَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَزَلْ كَافِرًا مُحَارِبًا وَأَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ، لِأَنَّ «اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَحْبَطَ بِالشِّرْكِ بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ كُلَّ عَمَلٍ صَالِحٍ قَدَّمَ الْمُشْرِكُ قَبْلَ شِرْكِهِ»،\n\n١٦٥٥٨ - وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ كَفَّرَ مَنْ لَمْ يَزَلْ مُشْرِكًا مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَانَ مَنْ لَمْ يَزَلْ مُشْرِكًا، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ كُفِّرَ عَنْهُ مَا قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ كَانَ قَدَّمَ خَيْرًا فِي الشِّرْكِ: «أَسْلَمْتَ عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ لَكَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ»، ⦗٢٤١⦘\n\n١٦٥٥٩ - وَإِنَّ مِنْ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَنْ ظَفَرَ بِهِ مِنْ رِجَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ: أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ بَعْضَهُمْ، وَمَنَّ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَفَادَى بِبَعْضٍ، وَأَخَذَ الْفِدْيَةَ مِنْ بَعْضٍ،\n\n١٦٥٦٠ - وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ أَنْ يُفَادَى بِمُرْتَدٍّ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِ، وَلَا يَمُنُّ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ فِدْيَةٌ بِحَالٍ، حَتَّى يُسْلِمَ، أَوْ يُقْتَلَ","vol":"12","page":239},{"text":"١٦٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ حَكِيمَ بْنَ حِزَامٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَرَأَيْتَ أُمُورًا كُنْتُ أَتَحَنَّثُ بِهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ، وَعَتَاقَةٍ، وَصِلَةٍ هَلْ لِي فِيهَا أَجْرٌ؟ قَالَ حَكِيمٌ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أَسْلَمْتَ عَلَى مَا سَلَفَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ","vol":"12","page":241},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1142>مَا يَحْرُمُ بِهِ الدَّمُ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ</span>\n١٦٥٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: اخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي الْمُرْتَدِّ، فَقَالَ: مِنْهُمْ قَائِلٌ: مَنْ وُلِدَ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّ إِلَى دِينٍ يُظْهِرُهُ أَوْ لَا يُظْهِرُهُ، لَمْ يُسْتَتَبْ، وَقُتِلَ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: سَوَاءٌ مَنْ وُلِدَ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ، وَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ لَمْ يُولَدْ عَلَيْهَا، فَأَيُّهُمَا ارْتَدَّ فَكَانَتْ رِدَّتُهُ إِلَى يَهُودِيَّةٍ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ أَوْ دِينٍ يُظْهَرُ اسْتُتِيبَ، فَإِنْ تَابَ قُبِلَ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ قُتِلَ،\n\n١٦٥٦٣ - وَإِنْ كَانَتْ رِدَّتُهُ إِلَى دِينٍ لَا يُظْهَرُ مِثْلُ الزَّنْدَقَةِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا قُتِلَ، وَلَمْ يُنْظَرْ إِلَى تَوْبَتِهِ،\n\n١٦٥٦٤ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُ، مُحَدِّثِينَا فِي هَذَا شَيْئًا يُشْبِهُ هَذَا عَنْ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ،\n\n١٦٥٦٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مِثْلَهُ، وَهُوَ كَالضَّعِيفِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ⦗٢٤٣⦘\n\n١٦٥٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الزِّنْدِيقِ: يُقْتَلُ وَلَا يُسْتَتَابُ، ⦗٢٤٤⦘\n\n١٦٥٦٧ - وَعَنَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ: إِنْ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ وَإِنْ جَاءَ مُعْتَرِفًا تَائِبًا، فَإِنَّهُ يُتْرَكُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ،\n\n١٦٥٦٨ - وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ ﵁، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَا أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ،\n\n١٦٥٦٩ - وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ قَابُوسَ بْنِ الْمُخَارِقِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ زَنَادِقَةٍ مُسْلِمَيْنَ، قَالَ عَلِيُّ: «أَمَا الزَّنَادِقَةَ فَيُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا، وَإِلَّا قُتِلُوا»،\n\n١٦٥٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: سَوَاءٌ مَنْ وُلِدَ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يُولَدْ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا أَسْلَمَ، فَأَيُّهُمَا ارْتَدَّ اسْتُتِيبَ، فَإِنْ تَابَ قُبِلَ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ قُتِلَ،\n\n١٦٥٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا أَقُولُ\n\n١٦٥٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: \" ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لِرَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لِرَسُولُهُ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَكَاذِبُونَ﴾ [المنافقون: ١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٨٧] \"،\n\n١٦٥٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ إِظْهَارَ الْإِيمَانِ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَزَلْ مُشْرِكًا حَتَّى يُظْهِرَ الْإِيمَانَ، وَمِمَّنْ أَظْهَرَ الْإِيمَانَ ثُمَّ أَشْرَكَ بَعْدَ إِظْهَارِهِ ثُمَّ إِظْهَارُ الْإِيمَانِ مَانِعٌ لِدَمِ مَنْ أَظْهَرَهُ فِي أَيِّ هَذَيْنِ الْحَالَيْنِ كَانَ، وَإِلَى أَيِّ كُفْرٍ صَارَ،\n\n١٦٥٧٤ - وَسَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِالْكُفْرِ، وَحَكَمَ فِيهِمْ بِعِلْمِهِ مِنْ أَسْرَارِ خَلْقِهِ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُهُ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَنَّهُمْ فِي الدَّرْكِ الْأَسْفَلِ مِنِ النَّارِ، ⦗٢٤٥⦘ وَأَنَّهُمْ كَاذِبُونَ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ، وَحَكَمَ فِيهِمْ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا بِأَنَّ مَا أَظْهَرُوا مِنِ الْإِيمَانِ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا بِهِ كَاذِبِينَ لَهُ جُنَّةٌ مِنِ الْقَتْلِ، وَبَيَّنَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَا أَنْزَلَ فِي كِتَابِهِ","vol":"12","page":242},{"text":"١٦٥٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ، عَنِ الْمِقْدَادِ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ \" لَقِيتُ رَجُلًا مِنِ الْكُفَّارِ، فَقَاتَلَنِي، فَضَرَبَ إِحْدَى يَدَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَطَعَهَا، ثُمَّ لَاذَ مِنِّي بِشَجَرَةٍ، فَقَالَ: أَسْلَمْتُ لِلَّهِ. أَفَأَقْتُلُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَقْتُلْهُ فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ، وَإِنَّكَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ كَلِمَتَهُ الَّتِي قَالَ»،\n\n١٦٥٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَخْبَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ دَمَ هَذَا بِالْإِيمَانِ فِي حَالِ خَوْفِهِ عَلَى دَمِهِ، وَلَمْ يُبِحْهُ بِالْأَغْلَبِ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ إِلَّا مُتَعَوِّذًا بِالْإِسْلَامِ مِنِ الْقَتْلِ","vol":"12","page":245},{"text":"١٦٥٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ الْخِيَارِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَارَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَلَمْ يُدْرَ مَا سَارَّهُ بِهِ، ⦗٢٤٦⦘ حَتَّى جَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَسْتَأْمِرُهُ فِي قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ مِنِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَلَيْسَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟» قَالَ: بَلَى، وَلَا شَهَادَةَ لَهُ. قَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ يُصَلَّى؟» قَالَ: بَلَى، وَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ نَهَانِي اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ»،\n\n١٦٥٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَخْبَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمُسْتَأْذِنَ فِي قَتْلِ الْمُنَافِقِ إِذَا أَظْهَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ نَهَاهُ عَنْ قَتْلِهِ","vol":"12","page":245},{"text":"١٦٥٧٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا أَزَالُ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَقَدْ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ، إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ»،\n\n١٦٥٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مُوَافِقٌ مَا كَتَبْنَا قَبْلَهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٥٨١ - وَبَيَّنَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَحْكُمُ عَلَى مَا ظَهَرَ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ وَلِيُّ مَا غَابَ لِأَنَّهُ عَالِمٌ بِقَوْلِهِ: «وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ﷿»، ⦗٢٤٧⦘\n\n١٦٥٨٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي غَيْرِهِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿مَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ حِسَابِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ﴾ [الأنعام: ٥٢]\n\n١٦٥٨٣ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِرَجُلٍ كَانَ يَعْرِفُهُ بِمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ فِي دِينِهِ: \" أَمُؤْمِنٌ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُكَ مُتَعَوِّذًا. قَالَ: أَفَمَا فِي الْإِيمَانِ مَا أَعَاذَنِي؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: بَلَى \"\n\n١٦٥٨٤ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رَجُلَيْنِ: «هُمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ»، فَخَرَجَ أَحَدُهُمَا مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَثْخَنَ الَّذِي قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، فَآذَتْهُ الْجِرَاحُ، فَقَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ \"،\n\n١٦٥٨٥ - وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا اسْتَقَرَّ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِفَاقِهِ، وَعَلِمَ إِنْ كَانَ عِلْمُهُ مِنِ اللَّهِ فِيهِ مِنْ أَنَّ حَقْنَ دَمِهِ بِإِظْهَارِ الْإِيمَانِ، ⦗٢٤٨⦘\n\n١٦٥٨٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ عَنْ قَوْمٍ مِنِ الْأَعْرَابِ فَقَالَ: ﴿قَالَتِ الْأَعْرَابُ آمَنَّا قُلْ لَمْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا أَسْلَمْنَا وَلَمَّا يَدْخُلِ الْإِيمَانُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ﴾ [الحجرات: ١٤] فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلِ الْإِيمَانُ قُلُوبَهُمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ أَظْهَرُوهُ، وَحَقَنَ بِهِ دِمَاءَهُمْ،\n\n١٦٥٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿أَسْلَمْنَا﴾ [الحجرات: ١٤]: اسْتَسْلَمْنَا مَخَافَةَ الْقَتْلِ وَالسَّبْيِ،\n\n١٦٥٨٨ - ثُمَّ أَعَادَ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِأَمْنِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَؤُلَاءِ الْأَعْرَابُ لَا يَدِينُونَ دِينًا بَلْ يُظْهِرُونَ الْإِسْلَامَ وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ الشِّرْكَ وَالتَّعْطِيلَ. قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنِ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ مَا لَا يَرْضَى مِنِ الْقَوْلِ﴾ [النساء: ١٠٨]،\n\n١٦٥٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ سُمِعَ مِنْ عَدَدٍ مِنْهُمُ الشِّرْكَ وَشُهِدَ بِهِ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ جَحَدَهِ وَشَهِدَ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، فَتَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا أَظْهَرَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِمَا شُهِدَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ تُبْتُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَشَهِدَ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ فَتَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا أَظْهَرَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَرَّفَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عِلَّتَهُ","vol":"12","page":246},{"text":"١٦٥٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ:  «شَهِدْتُ مِنْ نِفَاقِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ ثَلَاثَ مَجَالِسَ»،\n\n١٦٥٩١ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا أَمْرُهُ ﷿ أَنْ لَا يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِمْ، فَإِنَّ صَلَاتَهُ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي مُخَالِفَةٌ صَلَاةَ غَيْرِهِ، وَأَرْجُو ⦗٢٤٩⦘ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَضَى إِذْ أَمَرَهُ بِتَرْكِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ أَنْ لَا يُصَلِّيَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ إِلَّا غُفِرَ لَهُ، وَقَضَى أَنْ لَا يُغْفَرَ لِمُقِيمٍ عَلَى شِرْكٍ، فَنَهَاهُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى مَنْ لَا يُغْفَرُ لَهُ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِمْ مُسْلِمًا، وَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ مِنْهُمْ بَعْدَ هَذَا أَحَدًا، وَلَمْ يَحْبِسْهُ، وَلَمْ يُعَاقِبْهُ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ سَهْمَهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِتَالَ، وَلَا مُنَاكَحَةَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَمُوَارَثَتَهُمْ، وَتَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ مُبَاحٌ عَلَى مَنْ قَامَتْ بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،\n\n١٦٥٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ عَاشَرَهُمْ حُذَيْفَةُ فَعَرَفَهُمْ بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ، ثُمَّ عَاشَرَهُمْ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ إِذَا وُضِعَتْ جِنَازَةٌ، فَرَأَى حُذَيْفَةَ فَإِنْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اجْلِسْ جَلَسَ وَإِنْ قَامَ مَعَهُ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا عُمَرُ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْ هُوَ وَلَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَبْلَهُ، وَلَا عُثْمَانُ بَعْدَهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا شَيْئًا مِنْ أَحْكَامِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيَدَعُهَا مَنْ تَرَكَهَا لِمَعْنَى مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّهَا إِذَا أُبِيحَ تَرْكُهَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ لَا يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا بِالْإِسْلَامِ كَانَ تَرْكُهَا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِ أَوْلَى\n\n١٦٥٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ أَعْلَمَتْ عَائِشَةُ أَنَّ «النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ اشْرَأَبَّ النِّفَاقُ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ»،\n\n١٦٥٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَلَا عُمَرُ، وَلَا عُثْمَانُ مِنْهُمُ أَحَدًا، ⦗٢٥٠⦘\n\n١٦٥٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ أَهْلِ دَهْرِهِ لِلَّهِ حَدًّا، بَلْ كَانَ أَقْوَمَ النَّاسِ بِمَا افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حُدُودهِ حَتَّى قَالَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ سَرَقَتْ، فَشُفِعَ لَهَا: «إِنَّمَا أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا سَرَقَ فِيهِمُ الشَّرِيفُ تَرَكُوهُ، وَإِذَا سَرَقَ فِيهِمُ الْوَضِيعُ قَطَعُوهُ»،\n\n١٦٥٩٦ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ آمَنَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّ، ثُمَّ أَظْهَرَ الْإِيمَانَ، فَلَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٥٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا هَذَا فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ حِينَ أَزَلَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ، فَلَحِقَ بِالْكُفَّارِ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، ⦗٢٥١⦘\n\n١٦٥٩٨ - ورُوِّينَاهُ فِي رَجُلٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ\n\n١٦٥٩٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، مُرْسَلًا: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «اسْتَتَابَ نَبْهَانَ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ وَكَانَ ارْتَدَّ»، ⦗٢٥٢⦘\n\n١٦٦٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَتَلَ مِنَ الْمُرْتَدِّينَ مَنْ لَمْ يُظْهِرِ الْإِيمَانَ،\n\n١٦٦٠١ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِحَدِيثِ اللِّعَانِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ،\n\n١٦٦٠٢ - وَبِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ، وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيَّ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا أَسْمَعُ مِنْهُ، فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ، فَلَا يَأْخُذَنَّهُ، فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ»، فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ حُكْمَهَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى الظَّاهِرِ وَأَنَّهُ لَا يُحِلُّ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَحُكْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْبَاطِنِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى تَوَلَّى الْبَاطِنَ\n\n١٦٦٠٣ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَوَلَّى مِنْكُمُ السَّرَائِرَ وَدَرَأَ عَنْكُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ، فَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَاسْتَتِرُوا بِسِتْرِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ تُبْدَ لَنَا صَفْحَتُهُ نُقِيمُ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ»، ⦗٢٥٣⦘\n\n١٦٦٠٤ - وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِرَجُلٍ أَظْهَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ كَانَ يُعْرَفُ مِنْهُ: إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُكَ مُتَعَوِّذًا. فَقَالَ: أَمَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَا أَعَاذَ مَنِ اسْتَعَاذَ بِهِ،\n\n١٦٦٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي نَقَلْتُهُ هَذَا لَفَّقْتُهُ مِنْ مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، وَاحْتِجَاجُهُ بِهَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ، وَبِمَا وَرَدَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فِي شَأْنِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَلَمْ أَنْقُلْهُ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ لِكَثْرَتِهِ، وَفِيمَا نَقَلْتُهُ كِفَايَةً، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"12","page":248},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1143>قَتْلُ الْمُرْتَدَّةِ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ</span>\n١٦٦٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «وَسَوَاءٌ فِي الْقَتْلِ عَلَى الرِّدَّةِ الرَّجُلُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ»،\n\n١٦٦٠٧ - وَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ،\n\n١٦٦٠٨ - وَكَانَتْ حُجَّتُهُ فِي أَنْ لَا تُقْتَلَ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى الرِّدَّةِ شَيْئًا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ تَرْتَدُّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ: تُحْبَسُ، وَلَا تُقْتَلُ،\n\n١٦٦٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَلَّمَنِي بَعْضُ مَنْ يَذْهَبُ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ وَبِحَضْرَتِنَا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، فَسَأَلْنَاهُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَمَا عَلِمْتُ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمْ سَكَتَ عَنْ أَنْ قَالَ: هَذَا خَطَأٌ. وَالَّذِي رَوَى هَذَا لَيْسَ مِمَنْ يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ حَدِيثَهُ، ⦗٢٥٥⦘\n\n١٦٦١٠ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَا قَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ لَا تَشُكُّ فِي عِلْمِهِمْ بِحَدِيثِكَ وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ «أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ نِسْوَةً ارْتَدَدْنَ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ»، فَكَيْفَ لَمْ تَصِرْ إِلَيْهِ؟،\n\n١٦٦١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ: وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: قَدْ حَدَّثَ بَعْضٌ بِحَدِيثِكُمْ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ: أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ نِسْوَةً ارْتَدَدْنَ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ \" فَمَا كَانَ لَنَا أَنْ نَحْتَجَّ بِهِ إِذْ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"12","page":254},{"text":"١٦٦١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ وَاقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَالِكٍ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّهُ  «أُتِيَ بِأُمِّ قِرْفَةَ الْفَزَارِيَّةِ، وَكَانَتْ قَدِ ارْتَدَّتْ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا فَقُتِلَتْ»","vol":"12","page":255},{"text":"١٦٦١٣ - وَرَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: أَنَّ  «امْرَأَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ قِرْفَةَ كَفَرَتْ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهَا، فَاسْتَتَابَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَلَمْ تَتُبْ، فَقَتَلَهَا»،\n\n١٦٦١٤ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ\n\n١٦٦١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَاصِمٍ فِي \" الْمُرْتَدَّةِ، فَقَالَ: أَمَا مِنْ ثِقَةٍ فَلَا \"","vol":"12","page":255},{"text":"١٦٦١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ  «أُمَّ وَلَدِ رَجُلٍ سَبَّتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَتَلَهَا، فَنَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ دَمَهَا هَدَرٌ»\n\n١٦٦١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بُلْقِينَ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً سَبَّتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَتَلَهَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ،\n\n١٦٦١٨ - وَرَوَى لَنَا فِي قَتْلِ الْمُرْتَدَّةِ، وَلَهُمْ فِي تَرْكِهَا مِنَ الْقَتْلِ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يَحْتَجُّوا بِأَمْثَالِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٦٦١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: هَلْ تَعُدُّو الْحُرَّةُ أَنْ تَكُونَ فِي مَعْنَى مَنْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ»، فَتَكُونُ مُبَدِّلَةً دِينَهَا، فَتُقْتَلُ، أَوْ يَكُونُ هَذَا عَلَى الرِّجَالِ دُونَهَا؟ فَمَنْ أَمَرَكَ بِحَبْسِهَا؟ وَهَلْ رَأَيْتَ حَبْسًا قَطُّ؟ إِنَّمَا الْحَبْسُ لِتَبِينَ لَكَ عَلَى الْحَدِّ فَقَدْ بَانَ لَكَ كُفْرُهَا. فَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا قَتْلٌ قَتَلْتَهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَالْحَبْسُ لَهَا ظُلْمٌ، وَأَنْتَ لَا تَحْبِسُ الْحَرْبِيَّةَ، قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ مَاذَا قُلْتَ؟ أَقُولُ: إِنَّ قَتْلَهَا نَصٌّ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَوْلِهِ: «مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ»، وَقَوْلِهِ ﷺ: \" لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: كُفْرٌ بَعْدَ إِيمَانٍ، أَوْ زِنًى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ، أَوْ قَتْلُ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ «، فَكَانَتْ كَافِرَةً بَعْدَ إِيمَانٍ فَحَلَّ دَمُهَا كَمَا إِذَا كَانَتْ زَانِيَةً بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ أَوْ قَاتِلَةَ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ قُتِلَتْ»","vol":"12","page":256},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1144>اسْتِتَابَةُ الْمُرْتَدِّ</span>","vol":"12","page":257},{"text":"١٦٦٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِئِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِي مُوسَى، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ النَّاسِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَلْ فِيكُمْ مِنْ ⦗٢٥٨⦘ مُغَرِّبَةِ خَبَرٍ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، رَجُلٌ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ، قَالَ: فَمَا فَعَلْتُمْ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: قَرَّبْنَاهُ فَضَرَبْنَا عُنُقَهُ قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَهَلَّا حَبَسْتُمُوهُ ثَلَاثًا، وَأَطْعَمْتُمُوهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ رَغِيفًا، وَاسْتَتَبْتُمُوهُ لَعَلَّهُ يَتُوبُ وَيُرَاجِعُ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ؟ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي لَمْ أَحْضُرْ، وَلَمْ آمُرْ، وَلَمْ أَرْضَ إِذْ بَلَغَنِي \"\n\n١٦٦٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا، وَبِهِ قَالَ فِي أَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُرْتَدِّ الصَّغِيرِ، وَقَالَ فِي الْقَوْلِ الْآخَرِ ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" يَحِلُّ الدَّمُ بِثَلَاثٍ: كُفْرٍ بَعْدَ إِيمَانٍ \" وَهَذَا كُفْرٌ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِ وَبَدَّلَ دِينَهُ دِينَ الْحَقِّ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِيهِ بِأَنَاةٍ مُؤَقَّتَةٍ تُتَّبَعُ،\n\n١٦٦٢٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَمِمَّنْ قَالَ لَا يَتَأَتَّى بِهِ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ: «لَوْ حَبَسْتُمُوهُ ثَلَاثًا. . .» لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ، وَلِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْلَمْهُ مُتَّصِلًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا كَانَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُ قَبْلَ ثَلَاثٍ شَيْئًا","vol":"12","page":257},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1145>بَابُ إِذَا لَحِقَ الْمُرْتَدُّ بِدَارِ الْحَرْبِ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ مَالُهُ بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهِ، وَلَمْ تَعْتِقْ أُمَّهَاتُ أَوْلَادِهِ وَلَا مُدَبَّرُوهُ، وَإِذَا مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ عَلَى الرِّدَّةِ لَمْ تَرِثْهُ وَرَثَتُهُ، وَكَانَ مَالُهُ فَيْئًا </span>⦗٢٦٠⦘،\n١٦٦٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: إِنَّمَا وَرَّثَ اللَّهُ الْأَحْيَاءَ مِنَ الْمَوْتَى فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ.﴾ [النساء: ١٧٦] \" فَكَيْفَ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّ الْمُرْتَدَّ يُورَّثُ كَمَا يُورَّثُ الْمَيِّتُ وَتَحِلُّ دِيَتُهُ وَتَعْتِقُ أُمَّهَاتُ أَوْلَادِهِ وَمُدَبَّرُوهُ فِي لُحُوقِهِ بِدَارِ الْحَرْبِ، وَنَحْنُ عَلَى يَقِينٍ مِنْ حَيَاتَهِ، أَيُشْكِلُ عَلَيْكَ أَنَّ هَذَا خِلَافُ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿؟","vol":"12","page":259},{"text":"١٦٦٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، ⦗٢٦١⦘ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ، وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ»،\n\n١٦٦٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْعَدُوُّ الْمُرْتَدُّ أَيَكُونُ كَافِرًا أَوْ مُؤْمِنًا؟ قَالَ: بَلْ كَافِرٌ. قُلْتُ: فَكَيْفَ وَرَّثْتَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا أَخَذْنَا بِهَذَا أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَتَلَ مُرْتَدًّا، وَأَعْطَى وَرَثَتَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِيرَاثَهُ،\n\n١٦٦٢٦ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: هَلْ سَمِعْتَ مِنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْحُفَّاظَ لَمْ يَحْفَظُوا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَسَمَ مَالَهُ بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَيُخَافُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الَّذِي زَادَ هَذَا غَلَطٌ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ ثِقَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا: خَطَأٌ بِالِاسْتِدْلَالِ وَذَلِكَ ظَنٌّ","vol":"12","page":260},{"text":"١٦٦٢٧ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: رَوَى الثَّقَفِيُّ وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ» وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَمْ يَذْكُرْ جَابِرًا الْحُفَّاظُ وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ غَلَطٌ، أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ قُلْنَا: هَذَا ظَنٌّ، وَالثَّقَفِيُّ ثِقَةٌ، وَإِنْ ضَيَّعَ غَيْرَهُ أَوْ شَكَّ. قَالَ: إِذًا لَا يُنْصِفُ، قُلْتُ: وَكَذَلِكَ لَمْ تُنْصِفْ أَنْتَ،\n\n١٦٦٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَلَيْسَ إِذَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي أَحَدٍ مَعَهُ حُجَّةٌ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قُلْتُ فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ» فَكَيْفَ خَالَفْتَهُ؟ قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ الرَّجُلَ الْكَافِرَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَكُنْ أَسْلَمَ، وَلَعَلَّ ⦗٢٦٢⦘ عَلِيًّا قَدْ عَلِمَ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَعَارَضَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِحَدِيثِ بَرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ، وَأَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَضَى بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ. وَقَالَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٦٦٢٩ - فَقُلْتُ: لَا حُجَّةَ لِأَحَدٍ وَلَا فِي قَوْلِهِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَإِنْ كَانَ يُمْكِنُ إِنَّمَا قَالُوا هَذَا لِأَنَّهُمْ عَلِمُوا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلِمَ أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرْوَعَ فَرَضَ لَهَا بَعْدَ عُقْدَةِ النِّكَاحِ فَحَفِظَ بِعَمَلِ عُقْدَةِ النِّكَاحِ بِغَيْرِ فَرِيضَةٍ. وَعَلِمَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْفَرِيضَةَ، ظَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَوِ الدُّخُولِ. قَالَ: لَيْسَ هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ مَعْقِلٍ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ لَمْ يَرْوُوهُ،\n\n١٦٦٣٠ - قُلْتُ: فَلِمَ لَا يَكُونُ مَا رَوَيْتَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فِي الْمُرْتَدِّ هَكَذَا؟ فَقَالَ مِنْهُمْ قَائِلٌ: فَهَلْ رَوَيْتَ فِي مِيرَاثِ الْمُرْتَدِّ شَيْئًا عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٦٣١ - فَقُلْتُ: إِذَا أَبَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَّ الْكَافِرَ لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمَ وَلَا الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ» وَكَانَ كَافِرًا فَفِي السُّنَّةِ كِفَايَةٌ فِي أَنَّ مَالَهُ مَالُ كَافِرٍ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ في فَيْءٍ\n\n١٦٦٣٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ يَسْأَلُهُمَا عَنْ \" مِيرَاثِ الْمُرْتَدِّ، فَقَالَا: لِبَيْتِ الْمَالِ \"\n\n١٦٦٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِيَانِ أَنَّهُ فَيْءٌ. قَالَ: أَفَعَلِمْتَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ غَنِمَ مَالَ ابْنِ خَطَلٍ،\n\n١٦٦٣٤ - قُلْتُ: وَلَا عَلِمْتَهُ وَرَّثَ وَرَثَتَهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَا عَلِمْتَ لَهُ مَالًا،\n\n١٦٦٣٥ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي أَنْ لَا مَعْنَى لِلتَّوَهُّمِ. قَالَ: فَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِكَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ارْتَدَّ فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ وَلَحِقَ بِدَارِ الْحَرْبِ، فَلَمْ يَعْرِضْ عُمَرُ لِمَالِهِ، وَلَا عُثْمَانُ بَعْدَهُ،\n\n١٦٦٣٦ - قُلْنَا: وَلَا نَعْرِفُ هَذَا ثَابِتًا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَلَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَلَوْ كَانَ، كَانَ خِلَافَ قَوْلِكَ وَبِمَا قُلْنَا أَشْبَهُ، أَنْتَ تَزْعُمَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا لَحِقَ بِدَارِ الْحَرْبِ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ وَيُرْوَى عَنْ ⦗٢٦٣⦘ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَقْسِمَاهُ وَتَقُولُ: لَمْ يَعْرِضْ لَهُ وَقَدْ يَكُونُ بِيَدَيْ مَنْ وَثِقَ بِهِ، أَوْ يَكُونُ ضَمِنَهُ مَنْ هُوَ فِي يَدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ مَوْتُهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ فَيْئًا","vol":"12","page":261},{"text":"١٦٦٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: \" لَقِيتُ عَمِّي وَمَعَهُ رَايَةٌ، فَقُلْتُ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ فَقَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِيهِ، فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَآخُذَ مَالَهُ \"،\n\n١٦٦٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ قُسَيْطٍ الرَّقِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ،. . .، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٦٦٣٩ - قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: وَضَرْبُ الْعُنُقِ لَا يُجِبُّ نَفْسَ النِّكَاحِ دُونَ الِاسْتِحْلَالِ، فَكَأَنَّهُ اسْتَحَلَّهُ بَعْدَ اعْتِقَادِ تَحْرِيمِهِ فَصَارَ بِهِ مُرْتَدًّا فَوَجَبَ بِهِ ضَرْبُ عُنُقِهِ وَأَخْذُ مَالِهِ فَيْئًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٦٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَإِذَا ارْتَدَّ أَحَدُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ يَعْنِي بَعْدَ الدُّخُولِ لَمْ يَنْفَسِخِ النِّكَاحُ إِلَّا بِمُضِيِّ الْعِدَّةِ لِأَنَّهُ فِي مَعْنَى حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَانَ الزَّوْجَانِ الْوَثَنِيَّانِ مُتَنَاكِحَيْنِ، فَأَسْلَمَ أَحَدُهُمَا، فَحُرِّمَ عَلَى الْآخَرِ»، فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُنْتَهَى بَيْنُونَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ أَنْ تَمْضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ الْآخَرُ مِنْهُمَا إِسْلَامًا بِدَلَالَةٍ عَنْهُ مِمَّنْ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ، ⦗٢٦٤⦘\n\n١٦٦٤١ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي السُّنَّةِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ «بِدَلَالَةٍ عَنْهُ مِمَّنْ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ» حَدِيثَ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي قِصَّةِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَامْرَأَتِهِ، وَحَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، وَصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَامْرَأَةِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ زَمَنَ الْفَتْحِ. وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ","vol":"12","page":263},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1146>ذُرِّيَّةُ الْمُرْتَدِّينَ</span>\n١٦٦٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَا تُسْبَى لِلْمُرْتَدِّينَ ذُرِّيَّةٌ امْتَنَعُوا أَوْ لَمْ يَمْتَنِعُوا أَوْ لَحِقُوا بِدَارِ الْحَرْبِ أَوْ أَقَامُوا لِأَنَّ حُرْمَةَ الْإِسْلَامِ قَدْ ثَبَتَتْ لِلذُّرِّيَّةِ حُكْمَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَلَا ذَنْبَ لَهُمْ فِي تَبْدِيلِ آبَائِهِمْ»،\n\n١٦٦٤٣ - وَحُكِيَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، أَنَّ حُكْمَهُمْ أَهْلَ الْأَوْثَانِ إِذَا حَارَبُوا، وَلَحِقُوا بِدَارٍ مِنْ دُورِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ،\n\n١٦٦٤٤ - قَالَ: وَاحْتُجَّ بِأَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي بَنِي نَاجِيَةَ. فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ، وَسَبَى ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ بَعْدَمَا ارْتَدُّوا،\n\n١٦٦٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ زَعَمَ أَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ أَنَّ بَنِي نَاجِيَةَ كَانُوا عَلَى أَصْنَافٍ ثَلَاثَةٍ، فَمِنْهُمْ قَوْمٌ كَانُوا عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمُوا، ثُمَّ ارْتَدُّوا، وَقَوْمٌ كَانُوا ثَابِتِينَ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا، وَقَوْمٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى إِسْلَامِهِمْ، فَأَتَاهُمْ عَامِلُ عَلِيٍّ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ وَكَانُوا قَدْ نَصَبُوا الْحَرْبَ وَاعْتَزَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْهُمْ وَقَاتَلَ مَنْ لَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَمَنِ ارْتَدَّ،\n\n١٦٦٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْمُقْرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي الْجَيْشِ ⦗٢٦٦⦘ الَّذِي بَعَثَهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ إِلَى بَنِي نَاجِيَةَ،. . . فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى مَا حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَقَدْ خَرَّجْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n١٦٦٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلِيٌّ سَبَى مِنْ بَنِي نَاجِيَةَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ ارْتَدَّ، لِلَّذِي وَصَفْنَا،\n\n١٦٦٤٨ - قَالَ: وَيُقَالُ لَهُ: قَدْ كَانَتِ الرِّدَّةُ فِي عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَمَّسَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"12","page":265},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1147>الْمُكْرَهُ عَلَى الرِّدَّةِ</span>\n١٦٦٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَكِنْ مَنْ شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْرًا فَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ [النحل: ١٠٦] \"،\n\n١٦٦٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَسَرَهُ الْعَدُوُّ فَأُكْرِهَ عَلَى الْكُفْرِ لَمْ تَبِنْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ، وَلَمْ يُحْكَمْ عَلَيْهِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ حُكْمِ الْمُرْتَدِّ. قَدْ أُكْرِهَ بَعْضُ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى الْكُفْرِ، فَقَالَهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ مَا عُذِّبَ بِهِ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِاجْتِنَابِ زَوْجِهِ، وَلَا بِشَيْءٍ مِمَّا عَلَى الْمُرْتَدِّ","vol":"12","page":267},{"text":"١٦٦٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي قِصَّةِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ أَنَّ \" الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَخَذُوهُ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوهُ حَتَّى سَبَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ آلِهَتَهُمْ بِخَيْرٍ تَرَكُوهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «يَا عَمَّارُ مَا وَرَاءَكَ؟» قَالَ: شَرٌّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا تُرِكْتُ حَتَّى نِلْتُ مِنْكَ وَذَكَرْتُ آلِهَتَهُمْ بِخَيْرٍ، قَالَ: «كَيْفَ تَجِدُ قَلْبَكَ؟» قَالَ: مُطْمَئِنًا بِالْإِيمَانِ. قَالَ: «إِنْ عَادُوا فَعُدْ». قَالَ: فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ [النحل: ١٠٦] قَالَ: ذَاكَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ ﴿وَلَكِنْ مَنْ شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْرًا﴾ [النحل: ١٠٦] \" عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي سَرْحٍ ⦗٢٦٨⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَخَذَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ. . .، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":267},{"text":"١٦٦٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، أُتِيَ بِزَنَادِقَةٍ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَى السُّوقِ، فَحَفَرَ حُفَرًا فَقَتَلَهُمْ، ثُمَّ رَمَى بِهِمْ فِي الْحُفَرِ، فَحَرَّقَهُمْ بِالنَّارِ \"،\n\n١٦٦٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا فَيَقُولُونَ: لَا يُحْرَقُ أَحَدٌ بِالنَّارِ،\n\n١٦٦٥٤ - وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ، فَرَوَيْنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُعَذِّبَ أَحَدٌ بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ فَقُلْنَا بِهِ، وَلَا يُحْرَقُ أَحَدٌ حَيًّا وَلَا مَيِّتًا","vol":"12","page":268},{"text":"١٦٦٥٥ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ: أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا تَنَصَّرَ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ عَلِيٌّ، فَجَعَلَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَدْرِي مَا يَقُولُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ أَنَّ الْمَسِيحَ ابْنُ اللَّهِ، فَوَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ، فَوَطِئَهُ، وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَطَؤُوهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: كُفُّوا، فَكَفُّوا عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ مَاتَ \"،\n\n١٦٦٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هُمْ لَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا، يَقُولُونَ لَا يَقْتُلُ الْإِمَامُ أَحَدًا هَذِهِ الْقِتْلَةَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُ إِلَّا بِالسَّيْفِ،\n\n١٦٦٥٧ - أَوْرَدَهُمَا إِلْزَامًا لِلْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"12","page":268},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1148>٣٢ - كِتَابُ الْحُدُودِ</span>","vol":"12","page":269},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1149>الْعُقُوبَاتُ فِي الْمَعَاصِي</span>\n١٦٦٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: كَانَتِ «الْعُقُوبَاتُ فِي الْمَعَاصِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْحَدُّ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتِ الْحُدُودُ، وَنُسِخَتِ الْعُقُوبَاتُ فِيمَا فِيهِ الْحُدُودُ»","vol":"12","page":271},{"text":"١٦٦٥٩ - وَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي الشَّارِبِ، وَالزَّانِي، وَالسَّارِقِ؟» وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْحَدُّ، فَقَالُوا: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هُنَّ فَوَاحِشُ وَفِيهِنَّ عُقُوبَةٌ، وَأَسْوَأُ السَّرِقَةِ الَّذِي يَسْرِقُ صَلَاتَهُ» ⦗٢٧٢⦘ قَالَ: ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ،\n\n١٦٦٦٠ - وَقَالَ غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ يَسْرِقُ صَلَاتَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا يُتِمُّ رُكُوعَهَا وَلَا سُجُودَهَا»،\n\n١٦٦٦١ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n١٦٦٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَمِثْلُ مَعْنَى هَذَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: \" ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ حَتَّى يَتَوَفَّاهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا وَاللَّذَانِ يَأْتِيَانِهَا مِنْكُمْ فَآذُوهُمَا فَإِنْ تَابَا وَأَصْلَحَا فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ تَوَّابًا رَحِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ١٦] \"،\n\n١٦٦٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَكَانَ حَدُّ الزَّانِيَيْنِ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الْحَبْسُ وَالْأَذَى حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ حَدَّ الزَّانِي، فَقَالَ ﷿: ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي، فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ﴾،\n\n١٦٦٦٤ - وَاسْتَدْلَلْنَا سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي هُوَ عَلَى مَنْ أُرِيدَ بِالْمِائَةِ جَلْدَةٍ","vol":"12","page":271},{"text":"١٦٦٦٥ - فَذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، ⦗٢٧٣⦘ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «خُذُوا عَنِّي خُذُوا عَنِّي» قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا:  «الْبِكْرُ بِالْبِكْرِ جَلْدُ مِائَةٍ، وَتَغْرِيبُ عَامٍ، وَالثَّيِّبُ بِالثَّيِّبِ جَلْدُ مِائَةٍ وَالرَّجْمُ»،\n\n١٦٦٦٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ حِطَّانٍ الرَّقَاشِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٦٦٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا أَدْرِي أَدْخَلَهُ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَذَكَرَ فِي كِتَابِي حِينَ حَوَّلْتُهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْأَصْلِ أَمْ لَا، وَالْأَصْلُ يَوْمَ كَتَبْتُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ غَابَ عَنِّي،\n\n١٦٦٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: كَانَ «أَوَّلُ حُدُودِ النِّسَاءِ يُحْبَسْنَ فِي بُيُوتٍ لَهُنَّ حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي النُّورِ»، قَالَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ، عَنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «خُذُوا. . .» فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ،\n\n١٦٦٦٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ أَحْكَامِ الْقُرْآنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بِمَعْنَى هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يَقْطَعُ الشَّكَّ، وَيُبَيِّنُ أَنَّ حَدَّ الزَّانِيَيْنِ كَانَ الْحَبْسَ، أَوِ الْحَبْسَ وَالْأَذَى، وَأَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا حَدَّ اللَّهُ بِهِ الزَّانِيَيْنِ مِنَ الْعُقُوبَةِ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمَا بَعْدَ هَذَا،\n\n١٦٦٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، دُونَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةِ مَوْصُولًا قَتَادَةُ، وَمَنْصُورُ بْنُ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ حِطَّانِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرَّقَاشِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٧٤⦘. وَمِنْ هَذَيْنِ الْوَجْهَيْنِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٦٦٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ جَلْدَ الْمِائَةِ ثَابِتٌ عَلَى الْبِكْرَيْنِ الْحُرَّيْنِ، وَمَنْسُوخٌ عَنِ الثَّيِّبَيْنِ، وَأَنَّ الرَّجْمَ ثَابِتٌ عَلَى الثَّيِّبَيْنِ الْحُرَّيْنِ لِأَنَّ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خُذُوا عَنِّي قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا» أَوَّلُ مَا أُنْزِلَ، فَنُسِخَ بِهِ الْحَبْسُ وَالْأَذَى عَنِ الزَّانِيَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَاعِزًا وَلَمْ يَجْلِدْهُ، وَأَمَرَ أُنَيْسًا أَنْ يَعْدُوَ عَلَى امْرَأَةِ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا، دَلَّ عَلَى نَسْخِ الْجَلْدِ عَنِ الزَّانِيَيْنِ الْحُرَّيْنِ الثَّيِّبَيْنِ، وَثَبَتَ الرَّجْمُ عَلَيْهِمَا لِأَنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ بَدَأَ بَعْدَ أَوَّلٍ، فَهُوَ آخِرٌ \"","vol":"12","page":272},{"text":"١٦٦٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، جَلَدَ شُرَاحَةَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ، وَرَجَمَهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَقَالَ: أَجْلِدُهَا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَأَرْجُمُهَا بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"، ⦗٢٧٥⦘\n\n١٦٦٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، يَقُولُونَ: يُرْجَمُ وَلَا يُجْلَدُ،\n\n١٦٦٧٤ - وَالسُّنَّةُ الثَّابِتَةُ أَنْ يُجْلَدَ الْبِكْرُ وَلَا يُرْجَمَ، وَيُرْجَمَ الثَّيِّبُ وَلَا يُجْلَدَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ مَاعِزٍ، وَأُنَيْسٍ،\n\n١٦٦٧٥ - أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا لِلْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"12","page":274},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1150>حَدُّ الثَّيِّبِ الزَّانِي</span>","vol":"12","page":276},{"text":"١٦٦٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، أَنَّهُمَا أَخْبَرَاهُ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اقْضِ بَيْنَنَا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ وَكَانَ أَفْقَهَهُمَا: أَجَلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَاقْضِ بَيْنَنَا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَائْذَنْ لِي أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ. فَقَالَ: «تَكَلَّمْ»، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنِي كَانَ عَسِيفًا عَلَى هَذَا، فَزَنَى بِامْرَأَتِهِ، فَأُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ عَلَى ابْنِي الرَّجْمَ، فَافْتَدَيْتُ مِنْهُ بِمِائَةِ شَاةٍ وَجَارِيَةٍ لِي، ثُمَّ إِنِّي سَأَلْتُ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ، فَأَخْبَرُونِي أَنَّ عَلَى ابْنِي جَلْدَ مِائَةٍ وَتَغْرِيبَ عَامٍ، وَإِنَّمَا الرَّجْمُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَأَقْضِيَنَّ بَيْنَكُمَا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ، أَمَا غَنَمُكَ ⦗٢٧٧⦘ وَجَارِيَتُكَ، فَرَدٌّ إِلَيْكَ»، وَجَلَدَ ابْنَهُ مِائَةً وَغَرَّبَهُ عَامًا، وَأَمَرَ أُنَيْسًا الْأَسْلَمِيَّ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ امْرَأَةَ الْآخَرِ، فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا، فَاعْتَرَفَتْ، فَرَجَمَهَا \" وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنَ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"12","page":276},{"text":"١٦٦٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ:  «الرَّجْمُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ عَلَى مَنْ زَنَى إِذَا أَحْصَنَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، إِذَا قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ، أَوْ كَانَ الْحَبَلُ أَوِ الِاعْتِرَافُ»","vol":"12","page":277},{"text":"١٦٦٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ ⦗٢٧٨⦘ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: إِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ تَهْلِكُوا عَنْ آيَةِ الرَّجْمِ، أَنْ يَقُولَ قَائِلٌ: لَا نَجْدُ حَدَّيْنِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فَقَدْ رَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَجَمْنَا. فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْلَا أَنْ يَقُولَ النَّاسُ زَادَ عُمَرُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لَكَتَبْتُهَا:  «الشَّيْخُ وَالشَّيْخَةُ فَارْجُمُوهُمَا أَلْبَتَّةَ» فَإِنَّا قَدْ قَرَأْنَاهَا","vol":"12","page":277},{"text":"١٦٦٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ وَهُوَ بِالشَّامِ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا، فَبَعَثَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، أَبَا وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ يَسْأَلُهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَتَاهَا وَعِنْدَهَا نِسْوَةٌ حَوْلَهَا، فَذَكَرَ لَهَا الَّذِي قَالَ زَوْجُهَا لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَأَخْبَرَهَا أَنَّهَا لَا تُؤْخَذُ بِقَوْلِهِ، وَجَعَلَ يُلَقِّنُهَا أَشْبَاهُ ذَلِكَ لِتَنْزِعَ، فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَنْزِعَ وَتَمَّتْ عَلَى الِاعْتِرَافِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَرُجِمَتْ \"","vol":"12","page":278},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1151>مَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى شَرَائِطِ الْإِحْصَانِ</span>","vol":"12","page":279},{"text":"١٦٦٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «رَجَمَ يَهُودِيَّيْنِ زَنَيَا»، ⦗٢٨٠⦘\n\n١٦٦٨١ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: رَجَمَ يَهُودِيًّا وَيَهُودِيَّةً زَنَيَا،\n\n١٦٦٨٢ - وَالْحَدِيثُ بِتَمَامِهِ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ وَهَذَا مُخْتَصَرٌ مِنْهُ","vol":"12","page":279},{"text":"١٦٦٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ:  «رَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ، وَرَجُلًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَامْرَأَةً» وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"12","page":280},{"text":"١٦٦٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مَلِيكٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ جَزْءٍ الزُّبَيْدِيَّ، يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ \" الْيَهُودَ أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَهُودِيٍّ وَيَهُودِيَّةٍ زَنَيَا فَقَدْ أَحْصَنَا، فَأَمَرَ بِهِمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَرُجِمَا: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ.، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٦٦٨٥ - وَرُوِيَ هَذَا اللَّفْظُ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ هُرَيْرَةَ، ⦗٢٨١⦘\n\n١٦٦٨٦ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثَيْنِ قَبْلَهُ كِفَايَةٌ وَفِيهِمَا مَعَ الْإِجْمَاعِ عَلَى شَرْطِ الْإِحْصَانِ فِي الرَّجْمِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا مُحْصَنَيْنِ، وَأَنَّ كُفْرَهُمَا لَمْ يَمْنَعْ إِحْصَانَهُمَا بِالنِّكَاحِ وَالْحُرِّيَّةِ","vol":"12","page":280},{"text":"١٦٦٨٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ أَشْرَكَ بِاللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُحْصَنٍ»،\n\n١٦٦٨٨ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَا يَصِحُّ رَفْعُهُ. قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ،\n\n١٦٦٨٩ - وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِحْصَانَ الْقَاذِفِ فَهُوَ الرَّاوِي مَعَ غَيْرِهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَجَمَ يَهُودِيَّيْنِ زَنَيَا. وَهُوَ لَا يُخَالِفُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِيمَا يُرْوَى عَنْهُ،\n\n١٦٦٩٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ يَهُودِيَّةً أَوْ نَصْرَانِيَّةً فَسَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنَهَاهُ عَنْهَا، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهَا لَا تُحْصِنُكَ»،\n\n١٦٦٩١ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ الْغَسَّانِيُّ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ كَعْبٍ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، لَمْ يُدْرِكْ كَعْبًا. قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنْهُ، وَرَوَاهُ بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ مَشَايِخِهِ الْمَجْهُولِينَ وَهُوَ أَبُو سَبَأٍ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ كَعْبٍ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"12","page":281},{"text":"١٦٦٩٢ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ سَأَلَهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: سَأَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ \" الْأَمَةِ هَلْ تُحْصِنُ الْحُرَّ؟، قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: عَمَّنْ تَرْوِي هَذَا؟ قَالَ: أَدْرَكْنَا أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُونَ ذَلِكَ «،\n\n١٦٦٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٦٦٩٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ،» فِيمَنْ تَزَوَّجَ وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا حَتَّى زَنَى لَمْ يُرْجَمْ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: السُّنَّةُ فِيهِ أَنْ يُجْلَدَ، وَلَا يُرْجَمَ «\n\n١٦٦٩٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَلَدَ رَجُلًا فِي الزِّنَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ، فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ أُحْصِنَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَرُجِمَ»،\n\n١٦٦٩٦ - وَقِيلَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مَوْقُوفًا غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٦٦٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَحَّدُ الْمُحْصَنِ وَالْمُحْصَنَةِ أَنْ يُرْجَمَا بِالْحِجَارَةِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَا، ثُمَّ يُغَسَّلَا وَيُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِمَا وَيُدْفَنَا»","vol":"12","page":282},{"text":"١٦٦٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهِيَ حُبْلَى مِنَ الزِّنَا فَقَالَتْ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ أَصَبْتُ حَدًّا، فَأَقِمْهُ عَلَيَّ، فَدَعَا نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلِيَّهَا فَقَالَ: \" أَحْسِنْ إِلَيْهَا، فَإِذَا وَضَعَتْ فَأْتِنِي بِهَا ⦗٢٨٣⦘ فَفَعَلَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَشُكَّتْ عَلَيْهَا ثِيَابُهَا ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهَا فَرُجِمَتْ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: تُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ زَنَتْ قَالَ:  «لَقَدْ تَابَتْ تَوْبَةً لَوْ قُسِّمَتْ بَيْنَ سَبْعِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ لَوَسِعَتْهُمْ، وَهَلْ وَجَدْتَ تَوْبَةً أَفْضَلَ مِنْ أَنْ جَادَتْ بِنَفْسِهَا لِلَّهِ ﷿؟»،\n\n١٦٦٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْقَبَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْمُهَلَّبِ، حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ عِمْرَانَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَشُدَّتْ عَلَيْهَا ثِيَابُهَا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي غَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ\n\n١٦٧٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ، فِي «قِصَّةِ الْغَامِدِيَّةِ حِينَ رُجِمَتْ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا، فَصُلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا، وَدُفِنَتْ»\n\n١٦٧٠١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَجَمَ امْرَأَةً فَلَمَّا طَفِئَتْ أَخْرَجَهَا، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا»، ⦗٢٨٤⦘\n\n١٦٧٠٢ - وَأَمَّا مَاعِزُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ فَرُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ، وَرُوِيَ: فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ،\n\n١٦٧٠٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: فَمَا اسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ وَلَا سَبَّهُ. وَحَدِيثُ الْغَامِدِيَّةِ كَانَ بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ مَاعِزٍ،\n\n١٦٧٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُمْ بِالِاسْتِغْفَارِ لِمَاعِزٍ بَعْدَ يَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ،\n\n١٦٧٠٥ - وَأَمَّا خَبَرُ الْمَرْجُومِ فَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي قِصَّةِ مَاعِزٍ، قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا جَفَرْنَا لَهُ، وَلَا أَوْثَقْنَاهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ قَامَ لَنَا، فَرَمَيْنَاهُ \"،\n\n١٦٧٠٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ بُرَيْدَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ مَاعِزٍ، قَالَ: فَأَمَرَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَحُفِرَ لَهُ حُفْرَةٌ، فَجَعَلَ فِيهَا إِلَى صَدْرِهِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَرْجُمُوهُ،\n\n١٦٧٠٧ - وَفِيهِ فِي قِصَّةِ الْغَامِدِيَّةِ: ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهَا فَحُفِرَ لَهَا حُفْرَةٌ، فَجُعِلَتْ فِيهَا إِلَى صَدْرِهَا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَرْجُمُوهَا، ⦗٢٨٥⦘\n\n١٦٧٠٨ - وَرَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ اللَّجْلَاجِ فِي الْحَفْرِ لِلشَّابِّ الْمُحْصَنِ الَّذِي اعْتَرَفَ بِالزِّنَا\n\n١٦٧٠٩ - وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فِي الْحَفْرِ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي رُجِمَتْ\n\n١٦٧١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرَجْمِ مَاعِزٍ، وَلَمْ يَحْضُرْهُ، وَأَمَرَ أُنَيْسًا أَنْ يَأْتِيَ امْرَأَةً، فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: «أَعْلِمْنِي لِأُحْضِرَهَا»، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْهُ أَمَرَ بِرَجْمِ أَحَدٍ، فَحَضَرَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حُضُورُ الْإِمَامِ حَقًّا حَضَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، أَبَا وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ امْرَأَةً، فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ أَعْلِمْنِي أَحْضِرُهَا، وَلَقَدْ أَمَرَ عُثْمَانُ بِرَجْمِ امْرَأَةٍ، فَرُجِمَتْ وَمَا حَضَرَهَا \"\n\n١٦٧١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَرْكُهُ حُضُورَ رَجْمِ مَاعِزٍ وَالْمُعْتَرِفَةَ بِالزِّنَا فِي قِصَّةِ أُنَيْسٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ حُضُورَهُ لَيْسَ بِشَرْطٍ، وَيُشْبِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَضَرَ رَجْمَ الْغَامِدِيَّةِ وَلَيْسَ بِالْبَيِّنِ جِدًّا. وَذَلِكَ لَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى الْوُجُوبِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ \"،\n\n١٦٧١٢ - وَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُ هَذَا فِي الْغَامِدِيَّةِ لِأَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ بَشِيرِ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي قِصَّةِ الْغَامِدِيَّةِ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَرْجُمُوهَا: فَيُقْبِلُ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بِحَجَرٍ فَرَمَى رَأْسَهَا، فَتَنَضَّحَ الدَّمُ عَلَى وَجْهِ خَالِدٍ، فَسَبَّهَا فَسَمِعَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَبَّهُ إِيَّاهَا، فَقَالَ: «مَهْلًا يَا خَالِدُ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَدْ تَابَتْ تَوْبَةً لَوْ تَابَهَا صَاحِبُ مَكْسٍ لَغُفِرَ لَهُ»، ⦗٢٨٦⦘\n\n١٦٧١٣ - وَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُ لَيْسَ بِالْبَيِّنِ جِدًّا لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ فِي حُجْرَتِهِ أَوْ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَبَلَغَهُ سَبُّهُ إِيَّاهَا ثُمَّ نَهَاهُ حِينَ يَحْضُرُهُ\n\n١٦٧١٤ - وَرُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي \" الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي رُجِمَتْ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ رَمَاهَا بِحَصَاةٍ مِثْلِ الْحِمَّصَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «ارْمُوا وَاتَّقُوا الْوَجْهَ»،\n١٦٧١٥ - وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ شَيْخٌ غَيْرُ مُسَمًّى، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1152>جَلْدُ الْبِكْرِ وَنَفْيهِ</span>","vol":"12","page":287},{"text":"١٦٧١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَزَادَ سُفْيَانُ: وَشِبْلٍ: أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا ذَكَرَ أَنَّ ابْنَهُ زَنَا بِامْرَأَةِ رَجُلٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَأَقْضِيَنَّ بَيْنَكُمَا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ»، فَجَلَدَ ابْنَهُ مِائَةً ⦗٢٨٩⦘ وَغَرَّبَهُ عَامًا، وَأَمَرَ أُنَيْسًا أَنْ يَغْدُوَ عَلَى امْرَأَةِ الْآخَرِ، فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا، فَاعْتَرَفَتْ، فَرَجَمَهَا \"\n\n١٦٧١٧ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ دُونَ ذِكْرِ شِبْلٍ، وَالْحُفَّاظُ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ أَخْطَأَ فِي ذِكْرِهِ شِبْلًا فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: حَفِظْنَاهُ مِنْ فِيِّ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَأَتْقَنَّاهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":288},{"text":"١٦٧١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِيمَنْ زَنَى وَلَمْ يُحْصِنْ:  «يُنْفَى عَامًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَعَ إِقَامَةِ الْحَدِّ عَلَيْهِ»،\n\n١٦٧١٩ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَنْفِي مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ، وَإِلَى خَيْبَرَ.\n\nرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ،\n١٦٧٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَوَى عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ الْجَلْدَ وَالنَّفْيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٧٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُبَادَةَ إِخْبَارُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ اللَّهِ ﷿ بِذَلِكَ \"، ⦗٢٩٠⦘\n\n١٦٧٢٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَحْدَهُ فَتْوَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَنِ اللَّهِ ﷿ بِذَلِكَ،\n\n١٦٧٢٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَضَاؤُهُ بِهِ فِي شَخَصٍ بِعَيْنِهِ،\n\n١٦٧٢٤ - فَلَمْ نَرَ سُنَّةً أَثْبَتَ مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"12","page":289},{"text":"١٦٧٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، أَنَّهُ  «جَلَدَ رَجُلًا وَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةٍ بَكْرٍ فَأَحْبَلَهَا، ثُمَّ اعْتَرَفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أُحْصِنَ، وَنَفَاهُ عَامًا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، قَالَ: قَالَ نَافِعٌ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٦٧٢٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ عَنْ نَافِعٍ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَأَمَرَ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجُلِدَ الْحَدَّ، ثُمَّ نُفِيَ إِلَى فَدَكَ","vol":"12","page":290},{"text":"١٦٧٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ «النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَرَبَ وَغَرَّبَ، وَأَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ضَرَبَا وَغَرَّبَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ. . . . فَذَكَرَهُ، ⦗٢٩١⦘\n\n١٦٧٢٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ عَنِ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، مَوْقُوفًا","vol":"12","page":290},{"text":"١٦٧٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ  «أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، ضَرَبَا وَغَرَّبَا»،\n\n١٦٧٣٠ - قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: وَيُتَّهَمُ فِيهِ أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ،\n\n١٦٧٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَافَظٌ ثِقَةٌ، وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى رَفْعِهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَكْثَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، ثُمَّ هُوَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ صَحِيحٌ، وَعَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ صَحِيحٌ","vol":"12","page":291},{"text":"١٦٧٣٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، قَالَ:  «الْبِكْرَانِ يُجْلَدَانِ وَيُنْفَيَانِ وَالثَّيِّبَانِ يُرْجَمَانِ» وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ،\n١٦٧٣٣ - تَابَعَهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ","vol":"12","page":291},{"text":"١٦٧٣٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: أَنَّ  «عَلِيًّا، نَفَى إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ»","vol":"12","page":291},{"text":"١٦٧٣٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَشْيَاخِهِ: أَنَّ «عَلِيًّا نَفَى إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ»","vol":"12","page":292},{"text":"١٦٧٣٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ: قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَظُنُّهُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ تَزْنِي بَعْدَ مَوْتِ سَيِّدِهَا: تُجْلَدُ وَتُنْفَى \"،\n\n١٦٧٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ لَا يَقُولُونَ هَذَا يَقُولُونَ: لَا يُنْفَى أَحَدٌ زَانٍ، وَلَا غَيْرُهُ،\n\n١٦٧٣٧ - وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ: يُنْفَى الزَّانِي لِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كُلُّهُمْ قَدْ رَأَوَا النَّفْيَ،\n\n١٦٧٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ قَائِلٌ: لَا أَنْفِي أَحَدًا فَقِيلَ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ يَقُولُ قَوْلَهُ: وَلِمَ رَدَدْتَ النَّفْيَ فِي الزِّنَا، وَهُوَ ثَابِتٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَالنَّاسِ عِنْدَنَا إِلَى الْيَوْمِ؟\n\n١٦٧٣٩ - قَالَ: رَدَدْتُهُ بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُسَافِرُ الْمَرْأَةُ سَفَرًا يَكُونُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ»،\n\n١٦٧٤٠ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: سَفَرُ الْمَرْأَةِ شَيْءٌ حِيطَتْ بِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ فِيمَا يَلْزَمُهَا مِنَ الْأَسْفَارِ، وَقَدْ نُهِيَتْ أَنْ تَخْلُوَ فِي الْمِصْرِ بِرَجُلٍ، وَأُمِرَتْ بِالْقَرَارِ فِي بَيْتِهَا، وَقِيلَ لَهَا: صَلَاتُكِ فِي بَيْتِكِ أَفْضَلُ لِئَلَّا تَعْرَضِي أَنْ تُفْتَنِي أَوْ يُفْتَنَ بِكِ. وَلَيْسَ هَذَا مِمَّا يَلْزَمُهَا بِسَبِيلٍ، ⦗٢٩٣⦘\n\n١٦٧٤١ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَتْ بِبَادِيَةٍ لَا قَاضِيَ عِنْدَ قَرْيَتِهَا إِلَّا عَلَى ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، فَادَّعَى عَلَيْهَا مُدَّعٍ حَقًّا، أَوْ أَصَابَتْ حَدًّا؟،\n\n١٦٧٤٢ - قَالَ: تُرْفَعُ إِلَى الْقَاضِي،\n\n١٦٧٤٣ - قُلْنَا: مَعَ غَيْرِ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ؟،\n\n١٦٧٤٤ - قَالَ: نَعَمْ،\n\n١٦٧٤٥ - قُلْنَا: فَقَدْ أَبَحْتَ لَهَا أَنْ تُسَافِرَ ثَلَاثًا أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مَعَ غَيْرِ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ؟،\n\n١٦٧٤٦ - قَالَ: هَذَا يَلْزَمُهَا،\n\n١٦٧٤٧ - قُلْنَا: فَهَذَا يَلْزَمُهَا بِرَأْيِكَ فَأَبَحْتَهُ لَهَا وَمَنَعْتَهَا مِنْهُ فِيمَا سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَخْبَرَ بِهِ عَنِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فِيهَا،\n\n١٦٧٤٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَلِمَ لَا يَكُونُ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا كَانَ لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى مَحْرَمٍ مَنْفِيًّا، وَالنَّفْيُ حَدُّهُ،\n\n١٦٧٤٩ - قَالَ: فَقَدَ عُمَرُ رَجُلًا، وَقَالَ: لَا أَنْفِي بَعْدَهُ،\n\n١٦٧٥٠ - قُلْنَا: عُمَرُ نَفَى فِي الْخَمْرِ، وَالنَّفْيُ فِي السُّنَّةِ عَلَى الزَّانِي وَالْمُخَنَّثِ، وَفِي الْكِتَابِ عَلَى الْمُحَارِبِ، وَهُوَ خِلَافُ نَفْيِهِمَا، فَإِنْ رَأَى عُمَرُ نَفْيًا فِي الْخَمْرِ، ثُمَّ رَأَى أَنَ يَدَعَهُ، فَلَيْسَ الْخَمْرُ بِالزِّنَا، وَقَدْ نَفَى عُمَرُ فِي الزِّنَا فَكَيْفَ لَمْ تَحْتَجَّ بِنَفْيِ عُمَرَ فِي الزِّنَا، وَقَدْ قُلْنَا نَحْنُ وَأَنْتَ: وَأَنَّ لَيْسَ فِي أَحَدٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ ⦗٢٩٤⦘،\n\n١٦٧٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: جَاءَ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْآثَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ وَعَارَضَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ فِي نَفْيِ الْبِكْرِ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْأَمَةِ إِذَا زَنَتْ وَلَمْ تُحْصَنْ. قَالَ: «إِذَا زَنَتْ فَاجْلِدُوهَا، ثُمَّ إِنْ زَنَتْ فَاجْلِدُوهَا، ثُمَّ إِنْ زَنَتْ، فَاجْلِدُوهَا، ثُمَّ بِيعُوهَا، وَلَوْ بِضَفِيرٍ»،\n\n١٦٧٥٢ - وَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ سُكُوتُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ أُنَيْسٍ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الْجَلْدِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى رَفْعِ الْجَلْدِ فَسُكُوتُهُ هَا هُنَا عَنْ ذِكْرِ النَّفْيِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى رَفْعِ النَّفْيِ،\n\n١٦٧٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: خَالَفَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ حَدِيثَ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي نَفْيِ الْبِكْرِ، وَخَالَفَ مَذْهَبَ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ فِيهِ، وَمَنْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ سِوَاهُمْ، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ فِيهِ إِلَى حَدِيثِ زَيْدٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي الْأَمَةِ إِذَا زَنَتْ فَاجْلِدُوهَا. وَهُوَ يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَهُمَا فِي الْأَمَةِ فِيمَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ الْخَبَرُ، وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّ الْخَبَرَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلسَّادَاتِ أَنْ يَجْلِدُوا إِمَاءَهُمْ إِذَا زَنَيْنَ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ السَّادَاتِ، فَهُوَ مُخَالِفٌ لِجَمِيعِ مَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ،\n\n١٦٧٥٤ - وَأَمَّا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ بِالْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي نَفْيِ الْبِكْرِ. وَقَالَ: بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي جَلْدِ السَّيِّدِ أَمَتَهُ إِذَا زَنَتْ\n\n١٦٧٥٥ - وَأَمَّا نَفْيُهَا فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" اخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي نَفْيِهِمَا يَعْنِي نَفْيَ الْعَبْدِ وَالْأَمَةِ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: لَا يُنْفَيَانِ، كَمَا لَا يُرْجَمَانِ، وَلَوْ نُفِيَا نِصْفَ سَنَةٍ، وَهَذَا مِمَّا أَسْتَخِيرُ اللَّهَ فِيهِ \"، ⦗٢٩٥⦘\n\n١٦٧٥٦ - فَهُوَ ذَا يُشِيرُ إِلَى التَّوَقُّفِ فِي نَفْيِهِمَا، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَنَّهُمَا لَا يُنْفَيَانِ،\n\n١٦٧٥٧ - وَحَكَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٦٧٥٨ - فَعَلَى هَذَا قَدْ قُلْنَا بِظَاهِرِ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ لَمْ نُخَالِفْ شَيْئًا مِنْهَا، وَإِنْ قُلْنَا بِنَفْيِهِمَا فَلَمْ نُخَالِفْ فِيمَا قُلْنَا إِجْمَاعًا، فَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ صَاحِبُ الْخِلَافِيَّاتِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ حَدَّ مَمْلُوكَةً لَهُ فِي الزِّنَا، وَنَفَاهَا إِلَى فَدَكَ","vol":"12","page":292},{"text":"١٦٧٥٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ «عَبْدًا كَانَ يَقُومُ عَلَى رَقِيقِ الْخُمُسِ وَأَنَّهُ اسْتَكْرَهَ جَارِيَةً مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّقِيقِ، فَوَقَعَ بِهَا، فَجَلَدَهُ عُمَرُ وَنَفَاهُ وَلَمْ يَجْلِدِ الْوَلِيدَةَ، لِأَنَّهُ اسْتَكْرَهَهَا»،\n\n١٦٧٦٠ - وَهَذَا فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ إِنْ كَانَ مُرْسَلًا فَنَافِعٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ كَانَ مَشْهُورًا بِالرِّوَايَةِ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ، وَبِالْعِنَايَةِ بِأَخْبَارِ آلِ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٦٧٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، ⦗٢٩٦⦘\n\n١٦٧٦٢ - وَرُوِيَ فِي، ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِهِ نَظَرٌ","vol":"12","page":295},{"text":"١٦٧٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ ﵀، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الزَّاهِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ فِي \" أُمِّ وَلَدٍ بَغَتْ. قَالَ: تُضْرَبُ، وَلَا نَفْيَ عَلَيْهَا \"\n\n١٦٧٦٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ: تُضْرَبُ وَتُنْفَى،\n\n١٦٧٦٥ - فَاخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَرَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، كَمَا قُلْنَا: وَالَّذِي يُخَالِفُنَا يَحْتَجُّ بِمَرَاسِيلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَنَفْيُهُمَا قِيَاسًا عَلَى نَفْيِ الْحُرَّيْنِ، وَتَرْكُ ذِكْرِهِ فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَمَةِ لَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى رَفْعِهِ لِأُمُورٍ مِنْهَا: أَنَّ الْقَصْدَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِذْنِ السَّادَاتِ فِي جَلْدِ الْإِمَاءِ، أَلَا تَرَاهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ عَدَدَ الْجَلْدِ كَمَا يَذْكُرُ النَّفْيَ، وَمِنْهَا: أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ أَنَّ حَدِيثَ الْأَمَةِ كَانَ بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي النَّفْيِ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ نَاسِخًا لَهُ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ أُنَيْسٍ: أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِالرَّجْمِ دُونَ الْجَلْدِ، وَأَنَّهُ رَجَمَهَا وَلَمْ يَجْلِدْهَا، وَكَانَ بَعْدَ حَدِيثِ الْجَلْدِ مَعَ الرَّجْمِ فَاسْتَدْلَلْنَا بِهِ عَلَى نَسْخِ الْجَلْدِ، وَمِنْهَا: أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعَبَّرَ فِي الْكَلَامِ بِبَعْضِ الشَّيْءِ عَنْ جُمْلَتِهِ وَيُكْتَفَى فِي بَاقِيهِ بِمَا سَبَقَ مِنْهُ فِيهِ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَقْتَصِرَ فِي الْفِعْلِ عَلَى بَعْضِ الشَّيْءِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ ⦗٢٩٧⦘ جَوَازِ الِاقْتِصَارِ عَلَيْهِ، فَأُنَيْسٌ لَمَّا اقْتَصَرَ عَلَى الرَّجْمِ دُونَ الْجَلْدِ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ الْجَلْدَ مَرْفُوعٌ وَاقْتِصَارُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْأَمَةِ عَلَى ذِكْرِ الْجَلْدِ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اكْتِفَاءً بِمَا سَبَقَ مِنْهُ فِي ذِكْرِ النَّفْيِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٧٦٦ - وَأَمْرُهُ بِالْبَيْعِ لَا يَمْنَعُ النَّفْيَ كَمَا لَا يَمْنَعُ الْجَلْدَ، وَيَجُوزُ بَيْعُهَا مَنْفِيَّةً عَنْ بَلَدِهَا وَهِيَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ مَعْلُومٍ كَمَا يَجُوزُ بَيْعُهَا فِي بَلَدِهَا،\n\n١٦٧٦٧ - وَمَنْ خَالَفَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ وَالْآثَارِ فِي نَفْيِ الْبِكْرِ حَقِيقٌ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَنْسِبَ مَنْ وَافَقَهَا وَوَافَقَ عُمَرَ، وَابْنَ عُمَرَ فِي نَفْيِ الْعَبْدِ وَالْأَمَةِ وَقَاسَهُمَا عَلَى الْحُرِّ، وَالْحُرَّةِ إِلَى مَا هُوَ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنَ الْجَهْلِ، وَمُخَالَفَةُ مَنْ تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي أَصْلِ النَّفْيِ، وَجَلْدُ السَّيِّدِ أَمَتَهُ إِذَا زَنَتْ، وَاللَّهُ يَعْصِمُنَا مِنَ الطَّعْنِ فِي أَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَمَا يُقَبَّحُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ فِيمَنْ يُقْتَدَى بِهِ مِنَ أَعْلَامِ الدِّينِ\n\n١٦٧٦٨ - وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ قَاتِلَ هَذَا يَدَّعِي الْمَعْرِفَةَ بِالْآثَارِ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ تَرْكَهُ الْقَوْلَ بِمَا يُقَدِّمُ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ فِي نَفْيِ الْبِكْرِ كَتَرْكِنَا مَعًا الْقَوْلَ بِحَدِيثٍ","vol":"12","page":296},{"text":"١٦٧٦٨ - رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْوَاسِطِيُّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: أَنَّ «رَجُلًا قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ عَمْدًا، فَجَلَدَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِائَةً، وَنَفَاهُ سَنَةً، وَمَحَا سَهْمَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً»،\n\n١٦٧٦٩ - وَنَحْنُ لَا نَدْرِي لِأَيِّ مَعْنًى تَرْكَهُ فَهُوَ يَحْتَجُّ بِمَا هُوَ أَضْعَفُ مِنْ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِيمَا يُوَافِقُ هَوَاهُ، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَاهُ لِضَعْفِ إِسْنَادِهِ، وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ هَكَذَا،\n\n١٦٧٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو وَعَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ⦗٢٩٨⦘\n\n١٦٧٧١ - وَإِسْحَاقُ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ كِلَاهُمَا ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَتِهِمَا،\n\n١٦٧٧٢ - وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا لَقُلْنَا بِهِ كَمَا قُلْنَا بِمَا ثَبَتَ مِنْ نَفْيِ الْبِكْرِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى حُسْنِ التَّوْفِيقِ\n\n١٦٧٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" النَّفْيُ ثَلَاثَةُ وجُوهٍ مِنْهَا: نَفْيٌ نَصًّا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿: وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿ فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ: ﴿أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٣] وَذَلِكَ النَّفْيُ: يُطْلَبُونَ، فَيُتَّبَعُوا، ثُمَّ يُطْلَبُونَ، فَيُتَّبَعُوا، فَمَتَى قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَدُّ اللَّهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَتُوبُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْدَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَسَقَطَ عَنْهُمْ، وَثَبَتَ عَلَيْهِمْ حُقُوقُ الْآدَمِيِّينَ،\n\n١٦٧٧٤ - وَالنَّفْيُ فِي السُّنَّةِ وَجْهَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا ثَابِتٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ: نَفْيُ الْبِكْرِ الزَّانِي يُجْلَدُ مِائَةً، وَيُنْفَى سَنَةً،\n\n١٦٧٧٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَأَقْضِيَنَّ بَيْنَكُمَا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ»، ثُمَّ قَضَى بِالنَّفْيِ وَالْجَلْدِ عَلَى الْبِكْرِ\n\n١٦٧٧٦ - وَالنَّفْيُ الثَّانِي أَنَّهُ يُرْوَى عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا أَنَّهُ «نَفَى مُخَنَّثَيْنِ كَانَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ يُقَالُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا هِيتٌ وَالْآخَرُ» مَاتِعٌ \" وَيُحْفَظُ فِي أَحَدِهِمَا أَنَّهُ نَفَاهُ إِلَى الْحِمَى، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَنْزِلِ حَيَاةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَحَيَاةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَحَيَاةَ عُمَرَ وَأَنَّهُ شَكَا الضِّيقَ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ بَعْضُ الْأَئِمَّةِ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ يَوْمًا يَتَسَوَّقُ، ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ، ⦗٢٩٩⦘\n\n١٦٧٧٧ - وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَصْحَابَنَا يَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا وَيَقُولُونَهُ، لَا أَحْفَظُ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ خَالَفَ فِيهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يَثْبُتُ ثُبُوتَ نَفْيِ الزِّنَا،\n\n١٦٧٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ مَعْنَى هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ وَفِيهِ: فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا فِي كُلِّ سَبْتٍ يَدْخُلُ يَسْأَلُ وَيَرْجِعُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، وَاسْمُهُ \" مَاتِعٌ. قَالَ: وَنَفَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَهُ صَاحِبَيْهِ هَدْمَ، وَهِيتَ\n\n١٦٧٧٩ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" لَعَنَ الْمُخَنَّثِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ، وَالْمُتَرَجِّلَاتِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ، وَقَالَ: «أَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ، وَأَخْرِجُوا فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا». . يَعْنِي الْمُخَنَّثِينَ،\n\n١٦٧٨٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: فَأَخْرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُخَنَّثًا وَأَخْرَجَ عُمَرُ مُخَنَّثًا\n١٦٧٨١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُخَنَّثِينَ فَأُخْرِجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَمَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ، فَأُخْرِجَ أَيْضًا","vol":"12","page":297},{"text":"١٦٧٨٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثِ أَبِي يَسَارٍ الْقُرَشِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «أُتِيَ بِمُخَنَّثٍ قَدْ خَضَّبَ يَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ بِالْحِنَّاءِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ، فَنُفِيَ إِلَى النَّقِيعِ» ⦗٣٠٠⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي يَسَارٍ الْقُرَشِيِّ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"12","page":299},{"text":"١٦٧٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبِ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْتَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ وَعِنْدَهَا مُخَنَّثٌ، فَسَمِعَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ إِذَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمُ الطَّائِفَ غَدًا فَعَلَيْكَ بِابْنَةِ غَيْلَانَ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبِلُ بِأَرْبَعٍ، وَتُدْبِرُ بِثَمَانٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لَا تُدْخِلُوا هَذَا عَلَيْكُمْ»\n\n١٦٧٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعِنْدِي مُخَنَّثٌ. وَقَالَ: فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا يَدْخُلَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ عَلَيْكُمْ» قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ: وَاسْمُهُ «هِيتٌ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ\n\n١٦٧٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إِذَا «اعْتَرَفَ مَرَّةً، وَثَبَتَ عَلَيْهَا حُدَّ، وَكَذَا هِيَ»، ⦗٣٠١⦘\n\n١٦٧٨٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِّ الزِّنَا. وَفِي آخِرِهِ: وَأَمَرَ أُنَيْسًا الْأَسْلَمِيَّ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ امْرَأَةَ الْآخَرِ، فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا، فَاعْتَرَفَتْ فَرَجَمَهَا، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ عَدَدَ الِاعْتِرَافِ،\n\n١٦٧٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ إِنَّهَا زَنَتْ وَهِيَ حُبْلَى.، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ عَدَدَ الِاعْتِرَافِ\n\n١٦٧٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: خَالَفَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا يُرْجَمُ حَتَّى يَعْتَرِفَ أَرْبَعًا»،\n\n١٦٧٨٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ رَوَى أَنَّ رَجُلًا اعْتَرَفَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ،\n\n١٦٧٩٠ - قُلْنَا: وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ اعْتَرَفَ مِرَارًا فَرَدَّهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ عَدَدَهَا،\n\n١٦٧٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ مُنْقَطِعًا، وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"12","page":300},{"text":"١٦٧٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيِّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ أَسْلَمَ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاعْتَرَفَ ⦗٣٠٢⦘ بِالزِّنَا، فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ اعْتَرَفَ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ اعْتَرَفَ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ، حَتَّى شَهِدَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَبِكَ جُنُونٌ؟» قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: «أَحْصَنْتَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَأَمَرَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَرُجِمَ حَتَّى مَاتَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «خَيْرًا»، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ \"\n\n١٦٧٩٣ - قَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَالِيًا،\n\n١٦٧٩٤ - وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ»، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ لِإِجْمَاعِ أَصْحَابِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ، ثُمَّ إِجْمَاعِ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ","vol":"12","page":301},{"text":"١٦٧٩٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: فأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ: عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ أَسْلَمَ جَاءَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ الْآخَرَ زَنَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هَلْ ذَكَرْتَ هَذَا لِأَحَدٍ غَيْرِي؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: فَتُبْ إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَاسْتَتِرْ بِسِتْرِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ، فَلَمْ تُقْرِرْهُ نَفْسُهُ حَتَّى أَتَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَلَمْ تُقْرِرْهُ نَفْسُهُ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ ⦗٣٠٣⦘ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الْآخَرَ زَنَا»، قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِرَارًا كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يُعْرِضُ عَنْهُ حَتَّى إِذَا أَكْثَرَ عَلَيْهِ بَعَثَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ: «أَيَشْتَكِي أَبِهِ جُنَّةٌ؟» فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَصَحِيحٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَبِكْرٌ أَمْ ثَيِّبٌ؟» قَالَ: بَلْ ثَيِّبٌ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرُجِمَ \"،\n\n١٦٧٩٦ - وَرَوَاهُ عَقِيلُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَلَى لَفْظِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الصَّلَاةِ،\n\n١٦٧٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ لِجَهَالَةِ النَّاسِ لِمَا عَلَيْهِمْ، أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ فِي الْمُعْتَرِفِ: «أَيَشْتَكِي؟ أَبِهِ جُنَّةٌ؟» لَا يَرَى أَنَّ أَحَدًا سَتَرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ يُقِرُّ بِذَنَبْهِ إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَجْهَلُ حَدَّهُ أَوْ لَا يَرَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «اغْدُ يَا أُنَيْسُ عَلَى امْرَأَةِ هَذَا فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ فَارْجُمْهَا» وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ عَدَدَ الِاعْتِرَافِ. وَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ أَبَا وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِعَدَدِ اعْتِرَافٍ","vol":"12","page":302},{"text":"١٦٧٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: \" جَاءَ مَاعِزُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ طَهِّرْنِي، فَقَالَ: «وَيْحَكَ ارْجِعْ فَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَتُبْ إِلَيْهِ»، قَالَ: فَرَجَعَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ طَهِّرْنِي، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «وَيْحَكَ ارْجِعْ فَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَتُبْ إِلَيْهِ» قَالَ: فَرَجَعَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ طَهِّرْنِي، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى كَانَتِ الرَّابِعَةُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مِمَّ أُطَهِّرُكَ؟»، فَقَالَ: مِنَ الزِّنَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَبِهِ جُنُونٌ؟». فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِهِ جُنُونٌ، فَقَالَ: «أَشَرِبَ خَمْرًا؟»، ⦗٣٠٤⦘ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَاسْتَنْكَهَهُ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مِنْهُ رِيحَ خَمْرٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَثَيِّبٌ أَنْتَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَرُجِمَ فَكَانَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ فَرِيقَيْنِ تَقُولُ فِرْقَةٌ: لَقَدْ هَلَكَ مَاعِزٌ عَلَى أَسْوَأِ عَمَلِهِ لَقَدْ أَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ، وَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ: أَتَوْبَةٌ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ تَوْبَةِ مَاعِزٍ أَنْ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ فِي يَدِهِ فَقَالَ: اقْتُلْنِي بِالْحِجَارَةِ، قَالَ: فَلَبِثُوا بِذَلِكَ يَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً، ثُمَّ جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهُمْ جُلُوسٌ فَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اسْتَغْفِرُوا لِمَاعِزِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ. فَقَالُوا: يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لِمَاعِزِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَقَدْ تَابَ تَوْبَةً لَوْ قُسِمَتْ بَيْنَ أُمَّةٍ لَوَسِعَتْهَا»، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ غَامِدٍ مِنَ الْأَزْدِ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ طَهِّرْنِي، فَقَالَ: «وَيْحَكِ ارْجِعِي فَاسْتَغْفِرِي اللَّهَ وَتُوبِي إِلَيْهِ» فَقَالَتْ: لَعَلَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَرُدَّنِيَ كَمَا رَدَدْتَ مَاعِزَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: «وَمَا ذَاكَ»؟ قَالَتْ: أَنَا حُبْلَى مِنَ الزِّنَا، قَالَ: «أَثَيِّبٌ أَنْتِ؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «إذًا لَا نَرْجُمُكِ حَتَّى تَضَعِي مَا فِي بَطْنِكِ»، قَالَ: فَكَفَّلَهَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ حَتَّى وَضَعَتْ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: قَدْ وَضَعَتِ الْغَامِدِيَّةُ، فَقَالَ: \" إِذًا لَا نَرْجُمُهَا وَنَدَعُ وَلَدَهَا صَغِيرًا لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنْ مُرْضِعَةٍ. فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ: إِلَيَّ رَضَاعُهُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، فَرَجَمَهَا \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ شُجَاعٍ الصُّوفِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَنْبَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَعْلَى بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ غَيْلَانَ بْنِ جَامِعٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ. فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْلَى بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ ⦗٣٠٥⦘\n\n١٦٧٩٩ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِمَاعِزِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «لَعَلَّكَ قَبَّلْتَ أَوْ غَمَزْتَ أَوْ نَظَرْتَ؟» وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «لَعَلَّكَ قَبَّلْتَ أَوْ لَمَسْتَ؟»، قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: «أَفَنِكْتَهَا؟»، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمَرَ بِرَجْمِهِ \"\n\n١٦٨٠٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ: فَأَقْبَلَ فِي الْخَامِسَةِ فَقَالَ: «أَنِكْتَهَا؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «حَتَّى غَابَ ذَلِكَ مِنْكَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «كَمَا يَغِيبُ الْمِرْوَدُ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ وَالرِّشَاءُ فِي الْبِئْرِ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا الزِّنَا؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَتَيْتُ مِنْهَا حَرَامًا مَا يَأْتِي الرَّجُلُ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ حَلَالًا، قَالَ: «فَمَا تُرِيدُ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ؟» قَالَ: أُرِيدُ أَنْ تُطَهِّرَنِيَ. فَأَمَرَ بِهِ، فَرُجِمَ \"،\n\n١٦٨٠١ - فَكُلُّ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ تُؤَكِّدُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنَ أَنِّ رَدَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِاشْتِرَاطِ عَدَدٍ فِي الِاعْتِرَافِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَانَ يَسْتَنْكِرُ عَقْلَهُ، فَلَمَّا عَرَفَ صِحَّتَهُ اسْتَفْسَرَ مِنْهُ الزِّنَا، فَلَمَّا فَسَّرَهُ أَمَرَ بِرَجْمِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٨٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا أَقَرَّ بِالزِّنَا، أَوْ بِشُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ، أَوْ بِالسَّرِقَةَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ قُبِلَ رُجُوعُهُ قِيَاسًا عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي مَاعِزِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: «فَهَلَّا تَرَكْتُمُوهُ»، قَالَ: وَأَغْرَمَهُ السَّرِقَةَ لِأَنَّهَا حَقُّ الْآدَمَيِّينَ","vol":"12","page":303},{"text":"١٦٨٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ ⦗٣٠٦⦘ كَيْسَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ هَزَّالٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي مَاعِزٍ: \" اذْهَبُوا بِهِ فَارْجُمُوهُ، فَلَمَّا مَسَّتْهُ الْحِجَارَةُ جَذِعَ فَاشْتَدَّ، فَرَمَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُنَيْسٍ بِوَطِيفٍ، فَصَرَعَهُ، وَرَمَاهُ النَّاسُ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُ، فَذُكِرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِرَارُهُ، فَقَالَ: «هَلَّا تَرَكْتُمُوهُ فَلَعَلَّهُ يَتُوبُ، فَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ» يَا هَزَّالُ لَوْ سَتَرْتَهُ بِثَوْبِكَ كَانَ خَيْرًا لَكَ مِمَّا صَنَعْتَ \"","vol":"12","page":305},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1153>الضَّرِيرُ فِي خِلْقَتِهِ لَا مِنْ مَرِضٍ يُصِيبُ الْحَدَّ</span>","vol":"12","page":307},{"text":"١٦٨٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي الزِّنَادِ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَحْبَنُ، وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: مُقْعَدٌ كَانَ عِنْدَ جِوَارِ سَعْدٍ فَأَصَابَ امْرَأَةً حَبَلٌ، فَرَمَتْهُ بِهِ، فَسُئِلَ فَاعْتَرَفَ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِهِ، قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: فَجُلِدَ بِإِثْكَالِ النَّخْلِ. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: بِأَثْكُولِ النَّخْلِ \"،\n\n١٦٨٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا، بِذِكْرِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِيهِ وَقِيلَ: عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ،\n\n١٦٨٠٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا لَهُ مِائَةَ شِمْرَاخٍ، فَيَضْرِبُوهُ بِهَا ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً","vol":"12","page":307},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1154>الشَّهَادَةُ فِي الزِّنَا</span>","vol":"12","page":308},{"text":"١٦٨٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنٍ وَجَدْتُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِي رَجُلًا أَأُمْهِلُهُ حَتَّى آتِيَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"12","page":309},{"text":"١٦٨٠٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا بِالشَّامِ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا، فَقَتَلَهُ، أَوْ قَتَلَهَا، فَكَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ بِأَنْ يَسْأَلَ لَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا، فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّيْءَ مَا هُوَ بِأَرْضِ الْعِرَاقِ عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ لَتُخْبِرَنِّي فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: أَنَا أَبُو حَسَنٍ، إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ، فَلْيُعْطَ بِرُمَّتِهِ \"، ⦗٣١٠⦘\n\n١٦٨٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ، وَلَا أَحْفَظُ عَنْ أَحَدٍ قَبْلَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِيهِ مُخَالِفًا،\n\n١٦٨١٠ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَشَهِدَ ثَلَاثَةٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بِالزِّنَا، وَلَمْ يَثْبُتِ الرَّابِعُ، فَجَلَدَ الثَّلَاثَةَ","vol":"12","page":309},{"text":"١٦٨١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي إِثْبَاتِ الشَّهَادَةِ بِالزِّنَا حَدِيثَ مُجَالِدٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْيَهُودِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ صُورِيَا: \" نَجِدُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ إِذَا شَهِدَ أَرْبَعَةٌ أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوْا ذَكَرَهُ فِي فَرْجِهَا مِثْلَ الْمَيْلِ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ رُجِمَا، قَالَ: فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالشُّهُودِ، فَجَاءُوا أَرْبَعَةً، فَشَهِدُوا أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوْا ذَكَرَهُ فِي فَرْجِهَا مِثْلَ الْمَيْلِ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ، فَأَمَرَ بِرَجْمِهِمَا \"،\n\n١٦٨١٢ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَدِيثِ مُجَالِدٍ مُرْسَلًا مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"12","page":310},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1155>حَدُّ اللِّوَاطِ</span>","vol":"12","page":311},{"text":"١٦٨١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، أُرَاهُ ابْنَ مَذْكُورٍ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا: رَجَمَ لُوطِيًّا \"،\n\n١٦٨١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ نَرْجُمُ اللُّوطِيَّ مُحْصَنًا كَانَ أَوْ غَيْرَ مُحْصَنٍ، ⦗٣١٢⦘\n\n١٦٨١٥ - وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَقُولُ: السُّنَّةُ أَنْ يُرْجَمَ اللُّوطِيُّ أَحْصَنَ أَوْ لَمْ يُحْصِنْ. وَعِكْرِمَةُ يَرْوِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٦٨١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَصَاحِبُهُمْ يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ عَلَى اللُّوطِيِّ حَدٌّ، وَلَوْ تَلَوَّطَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ لَمْ يَفْسُدْ إِحْرَامُهُ، وَلَا غُسْلَ عَلَيْهِ مَا لَمْ يُمْنِ، وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَالَ: اللُّوطِيُّ مِثْلُ الزَّانِي،\n\n١٦٨١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ فَرْقَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا، فَأَبَاحَ جِمَاعَ النِّسَاءِ بِوَجْهَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا النِّكَاحُ، وَالْآخَرُ مِلْكُ الْيَمِينِ. وَحَرَّمَ هَذَا مِنْ كُلِّ الْوجُوهِ فَمِنْ أَيْنَ يَشْتَبِهَانِ قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: رَجَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَقَالَ: لَا يُرْجَمُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَحْصَنَ\n\n١٦٨١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ قَدْ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ هَمْدَانَ: أَنَّ «عَلِيًّا رَجَمَ رَجُلًا مُحْصَنًا فِي عَمَلِ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ»،\n\n١٦٨١٩ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَرِوَايَةُ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ أَصَحُّ","vol":"12","page":311},{"text":"١٦٨٢٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي \" الْبِكْرِ يُوجَدُ عَلَى اللُّوطِيَّةِ؟ قَالَ: يُرْجَمُ \" ⦗٣١٣⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ خُثَيْمٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٦٨٢١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي حَدِّ اللُّوطِيِّ: يُنْظَرُ أَعْلَى بِنَاءٍ فِي الْقَرْيَةِ، فَيُرْمَى بِهِ مُنَكَّسًا، ثُمَّ يُتْبَعُ الْحِجَارَةَ \"","vol":"12","page":312},{"text":"١٦٨٢٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِكْرِمَةَ فأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو مَوْلَى الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُ يَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ، فَاقْتُلُوا الْفَاعِلَ وَالْمَفْعُولَ بِهِ» أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ،\n\n١٦٨٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الزَّانِي،\n\n١٦٨٢٤ - وَقَالَهُ أَيْضًا عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ،\n\n١٦٨٢٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ","vol":"12","page":313},{"text":"١٦٨٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَصَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقٍ ﵁ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَجَمَعَ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَانَ مِنَ أَشَدِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَوْلًا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا ذَنْبٌ لَمْ تَعْصِ بِهِ أُمَّةٌ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ إِلَّا أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً صَنَعَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ، نَرَى أَنْ نَحْرِقَهُ بِالنَّارِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَأْمُرُهُ بِذَلِكَ \"،\n\n١٦٨٢٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، قَالَ: يُرْجَمُ، وَيُحْرَقُ بِالنَّارِ،\n\n١٦٨٢٨ - وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: يُرْجَمُ أَحْصَنَ، أَوْ لَمْ يُحْصَنْ،\n\n١٦٨٢٩ - وَقَالَ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: عَلَيْهِ الرَّجْمُ","vol":"12","page":314},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1156>حَدُّ إِتْيَانِ الْبَهِيمَةِ</span>\n١٦٨٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الشَّهَادَاتِ: وَالشَّهَادَةُ عَلَى اللِّوَاطِ وَإِتْيَانِ الْبَهَائِمِ أَرْبَعَةٌ، لِأَنَّ كُلًّا جِمَاعٌ،\n\n١٦٨٣١ - هَذَا هُوَ الْمَذْهَبُ فَإِنَّمَا قَوْلُهُ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الشُّهُودِ أَزَنَى بِامْرَأَةٍ لِأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ يَعُدُّونَ الزِّنَا وُقُوعًا عَلَى بَهِيمَةٍ، فَيُحْتَمَلَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ لِلْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ حَدَّيْهِمَا، فَفِي الزِّنَا لَا يُرْجَمُ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُحْصَنًا، وَفِي إِتْيَانِ الْبَهِيمَةِ يُقْتَلُ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ فِي أَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ عَلَى ظَاهَرِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،","vol":"12","page":315},{"text":"١٦٨٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي ⦗٣١٦⦘ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ أَتَى بَهِيمَةً، فَاقْتُلُوهُ وَاقْتُلُوهَا مَعَهُ»،\n\n١٦٨٣٣ - قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ يَعْنِي لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا شَأْنُ الْبَهِيمَةِ؟ قَالَ: مَا أُرَاهُ قَالَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ لَحْمُهَا، وَقَدْ عُمِلَ بِهَا ذَلِكَ الْعَمَلِ،\n\n١٦٨٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ فِيهِ: لَا يُقَالُ هَذِهِ الَّتِي فَعَلَ بِهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا،\n\n١٦٨٣٥ - وَرِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَصَحُّ","vol":"12","page":315},{"text":"١٦٨٣٦ - وَقَدْ أَرْدَفَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ بِحَدِيثِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي يَأْتِي بَهِيمَةً حَدٌّ»،\n\n١٦٨٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، أَنَّ شَرِيكًا، وَأَبَا الْأَحْوَصِ، وَأَبَا بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَدِيثُ عَاصِمٍ يُضَعِّفُ حَدِيثَ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، \"\n\n١٦٨٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَنَحْنُ لَا نَرَى عَمْرَو بْنَ أَبِي عَمْرٍو نَقَصَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ فِي الْحِفْظِ \"\n\n١٦٨٣٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٦٨٤٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٦٨٤١ - وَعِكْرِمَةُ عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ الْحُفَّاظِ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ الْأَثْبَاتِ، ⦗٣١٧⦘\n\n١٦٨٤٢ - وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ: هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الزَّانِي،\n\n١٦٨٤٣ - وَقَالَ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: مَنْ أَتَى الْبَهِيمَةَ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ\n\n١٦٨٤٤ - وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ \" رَجُلٍ أَتَى بَهِيمَةً، قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ مُحْصَنًا رُجِمَ \"","vol":"12","page":316},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1157>الْمُسْتَكْرَهَةُ</span>\n١٦٨٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا اسْتَكْرَهَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ، وَلَمْ يَقُمْ عَلَيْهَا لِأَنَّهَا مُسْتَكْرَهَةٌ، وَلَهَا مَهْرُ مِثْلَهَا»","vol":"12","page":318},{"text":"١٦٨٤٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ، قَضَى فِي امْرَأَةٍ أُصِيبَتْ مُسْتَكْرَهَةً بِصَدَاقِهَا عَلَى مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهَا «،\n\n١٦٨٤٧ - كَانَ فِي كِتَابِي» مَرْوَانُ «، وَالصَّحِيحُ» عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ \". وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَصْحَابُ الْمُوَطَّأِ،\n\n١٦٨٤٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ وَالصَّدَاقُ،\n\n١٦٨٤٩ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ وَالْعَقْرُ\n\n١٦٨٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، قَالَ: \" أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابٍ ⦗٣١٩⦘ ﵁ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنَ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ قَالُوا: بَغَتْ، قَالَتْ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ نَائِمَةً، فَلَمْ أَسْتَيْقِظْ إِلَّا بِرَجُلٍ رَمَى فِي مِثْلِ الشِّهَابِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَمَانِيَّةٌ نَئُومَةٌ شَابَّةٌ، فَخَلَّى عَنْهَا وَمَتَّعَهَا \"،\n\n١٦٨٥١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْهُ فِي الْعَبْدِ الَّذِي اسْتَكْرَهَ جَارِيَةً مِنْ رَقِيقِ الْخُمُسِ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ النَّفْيِ","vol":"12","page":318},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1158>مِنْ وَقَعَ عَلَى ذَاتِ مَحْرَمٍ بِنِكَاحٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"12","page":320},{"text":"١٦٨٥٢ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، قَالَ: إِنِّي \" لَأَطُوفُ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَحْيَاءِ عَلَى إِبِلٍ لِي ضَلَّتْ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذْ جَاءَ رَكْبٌ أَوْ فَوَارِسُ مَعَهُمْ لِوَاءٌ، فَجَعَلَ الْأَعْرَابُ يَلُوذُونَ بِي لِمَنْزِلَتِي مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَانْتَهَوْا إِلَيْنَا، فَأَطَافُوا بِقُبَّةٍ، فَاسْتَخْرَجُوا رَجُلًا، فَضَرَبُوا عُنُقَهُ، فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ قِصَّتِهِ فَقِيلَ: وُجِدَ قَدْ عَرَّسَ بِامْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ \"،\n\n١٦٨٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَلَّى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَرِّفٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ مَوْلَى الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ،. . . فَذَكَرَهُ. وَاللَّفْظُ لِحَدِيثِ أَبِي زُبَيْدٍ،\n\n١٦٨٥٤ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَفِيهِ: «إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِيهِ»، فَكَأَنَّهُ نَكَحَهَا وَعَرَّسَ بِهَا بِمَجْمُوعِ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ،\n\n١٦٨٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ فِيمَنْ تَزَوَّجَ بِأُمِّ امْرَأَتِهِ بَعْدَ دُخُولِهِ بِالْبِنْتِ وَهُمَا عَالِمَانِ، ثُمَّ أَصَابَهَا: أَقَمْنَا عَلَيْهِمَا الْحَدَّ، وَهُمَا زَانِيَانِ سَمَّيَا الزِّنَا بِاسْمِ النِّكَاحِ، ⦗٣٢١⦘\n\n١٦٨٥٦ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ثُمَّ جَاءَ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، وَحَمَلَ الْخَبَرَ الَّذِي رُوِّينَاهُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدِ اسْتَحَلَّهُ، فَصَارَ بِهِ مُرْتَدًّا مُحَارِبًا\n\n١٦٨٥٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي، حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ لَقِيتُ عَمِّي وَمَعَهُ رَايَةٌ، فَقُلْتُ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ قَالَ: «بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ، فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَآخُذَ مَالَهُ»\n\n١٦٨٥٨ - وَبِحَدِيثِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ «النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ جَدَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ عَرَّسَ بِامْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ أَنْ يَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ، وَيُخَمِّسَ مَالَهُ»،\n\n١٦٨٥٩ - قَالَ: فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ مُرْتَدًّا مُحَارِبًا، لِأَنَّ الْمُرْتَدَّ الَّذِي لَمْ يُحَارِبْ لَا يُخَمَّسُ مَالُهُ،\n\n١٦٨٦٠ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ لَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ لَا الِاسْتِحْلَالُ وَلَا الْمُحَارَبَةُ، وَلَوْ جَازَ دَعْوَى الِاسْتِدَلَالِ فِي هَذَا لَجَازَ مِثْلُهَا فِي زَنَا مَنْ رُجِمَ لِأَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَسْتَحِلُّونَ الزِّنَا،\n\n١٦٨٦١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، «أَنَّهُمْ أَطَافُوا بِقُبَّةٍ، فَاسْتَخْرَجُوا رَجُلًا» فَأَيْنَ الْمُحَارَبَةُ هُنَا؟ ثُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا قَالَ مِنَ الِاسْتِحَلَالِ فَهُوَ حُجَّةٌ عَلَيْهِ فِي أَنَّ مَالَ الْمُرْتَدِّ لَا يَكُونُ لِوَرَثَتِهِ، وَتَخْمِيسُهُ لَا يُنَافِي مَذْهَبَ الشَّافِعِيِّ فَإِنَّهُ يُوجِفُ الْخُمُسَ فِيمَا أَوْجَفَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَفِيمَا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ أَمْوَالِ الْفَيْءِ،\n\n١٦٨٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْخُمُسُ ثَابِتٌ لِأَهْلِهِ فِي كُلِّ مَا أُخِذَ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ غَنِيمَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ فَيْئًا، وَالْفَيْءُ مَا رَدَّهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ دِينِهِ مِنْ مَالِ مَنْ خَالَفَ دِينَهُ،\n\n١٦٨٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنْ كَانَ فَعَلَهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الِاسْتِحْلَالِ، فَهُوَ حُجَّةٌ عَلَيْهِ فِي ⦗٣٢٢⦘ وُجُوبِ الْحَدِّ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَوْلُ الرَّاوِي: «إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِيهِ» يَدُلُّ عَلَى الْعَقْدِ، وَقَوْلُ الْآخَرِ: «إِلَى رَجُلٍ عَرَّسَ بِامْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ» يَدُلُّ عَلَى الدُّخُولِ،\n\n١٦٨٦٤ - وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَى ظَاهِرِ الْخَبَرِ فِي إِيجَابِ الْقَتْلِ بِهِ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ لَعَظِيمِ التَّحْرِيمِ، وَذَهَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْحُدُودِ فِي سُورَةِ النُّورِ قَبْلَ بَيَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَجْمَ الثَّيِّبَ الزَّانِيَ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ وَبَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ صَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ قَالُوا: ثُمِّ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نُسِخَ مِنْهُ كَيْفِيَّةَ الْقَتْلِ، فَأَمَّا أَصْلُ وُجُوبِ الْقَتْلِ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُمْ دَلَالَةٌ إِلَى نَسْخِهِ فَهُوَ بَاقٍ عَلَى الْوُجُوبِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":320},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1159>ادْرَءُوا الْحُدُودَ بِالشُّبُهَاتِ </span>⦗٣٢٦⦘\n١٦٨٦٥ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي هَذَا مَسَائِلَ،\n\n١٦٨٦٦ - ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ هُنَا: النَّاسُ لَا يُحَدُّونَ إِلَّا بِإِقْرَارِهِمْ، أَوْ بِبَيِّنَةٍ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْفِعْلِ، وَأَنَّ الْفِعْلَ مُحَرَّمٌ. فَأَمَّا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَلَا حَدَّ،\n\n١٦٨٦٧ - وَهَكَذَا لَوْ وَجَدْتَ حَامِلًا فَادَّعَتْ تَزْوِيجًا أَوْ إِكْرَاهًا لَمْ تُحَدَّ. فَإِنْ ذَهَبَ فِي الْحَامِلِ خَاصَّةً إِلَى أَنْ يَقُولَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «الرَّجْمُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ عَلَى مَنْ زَنَا إِذَا قَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ، أَوْ كَانَ الْحَبَلُ أَوِ الِاعْتِرَافُ» فَإِنَّ مَذْهَبَ عُمَرَ فِيهِ بِالْبَيَانِ عَنْهُ بِالْخَبَرِ أَنَّهُ يُرْجَمُ بِالْحَبَلِ إِذَا كَانَ مَعَ الْحَبَلِ إِقْرَارٌ بِالزِّنَا أَوْ غَيْرُ ادَّعَاءِ نِكَاحٍ أَوْ شُبْهَةٍ يَدْرَأُهَا الْحَدُّ","vol":"12","page":323},{"text":"١٦٨٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ حَاطِبٍ، حَدَّثَهُ، قَالَ: \" تُوُفِّيَ حَاطِبٌ، فَأَعْتَقَ مَنْ صَلَّى مِنْ رَقِيقِهِ وَصَامَ، وَكَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ نُوبِيَّةٌ قَدْ صَلَّتْ وَصَامَتْ، وَهِيَ أَعْجَمِيَّةٌ لَمْ تَفْقِهْ فَلَمْ ⦗٣٢٧⦘ تَرُعْهُ إِلَّا بِحَبَلِهَا، فَذَهَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَحَدَّثَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَأَنْتَ رَجُلٌ لَا تَأْتِي بِخَيْرٍ فَأَفْزَعَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا عُمَرُ، فَقَالَ: أَحَبِلْتِ؟ فَقَالَتْ: نَعَمْ مِنْ مَرْغُوشٍ بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ. فَإِذَا هِيَ تَسْتَهِلُّ بِذَلِكَ لَا تَكْتُمُهُ، قَالَ: وَصَادَفَ عَلِيًّا، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ، فَقَالَ: أَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ، وَكَانَ عُثْمَانُ جَالِسًا فَاضْطَجعَ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: قَدْ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَدُّ، فَقَالَ: أَشِرْ عَلَيَّ يَا عُثْمَانُ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَشَارَ عَلَيْكَ أَخَوَاكَ قَالَ: أَشِرْ عَلَيَّ أَنْتَ، قَالَ: أُرَاهَا تَسْتَهِلُّ بِهِ كَأَنَّهَا لَا تَعْلَمُهُ وَلَيْسَ الْحَدُّ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ عَلِمَهُ، فَقَالَ: صَدَقْتَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا الْحَدُّ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ عَلِمَهُ، فَجَلَدَهَا عُمَرُ مِائَةً وَغَرَّبَهَا عَامًا \"،\n\n١٦٨٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَانَ حَدُّهَا الرَّجْمَ لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ قَدْ عُتِقَتْ وَكَانَتْ ثَيِّبًا، فَكَأَنَّهُ ﵁ لَمَّا أَدْرَأَ عَنْهَا الرَّجْمَ لِلشُّبْهَةِ بِالْجَهَالَةِ رَأَى أَنْ يَحُدَّهَا حَدَّ الْأَبْكَارِ تَعْزِيرًا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":326},{"text":"١٦٨٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ أَبِي رَوْحٍ، أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا كَانَ يُوَاعِدُ جَارِيَتَهُ مَكَانًا فِي خَلَاءٍ، فَعَلِمَتْ جَارِيَةً بِذَلِكَ، فَأَتَتْهُ فَحَسِبَهَا جَارِيَتُهُ، فَوَطِئَهَا، ثُمَّ عَلِمَ، فَأَتَى عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: ائْتِ عَلِيًّا، فَسَأَلَ عَلِيًّا، فَقَالَ: أَرَى أَنْ يُضْرَبَ الْحَدَّ فِي الْخَلَاءِ وَيَعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً، وَعَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ الْحَدُّ \"،\n\n١٦٨٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا. يَقُولُونَ يُدْرَأُ عَنْهَا الْحَدُّ بِالشُّبْهَةِ، فَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ: تُحَدُّ كَمَا رَوَوْا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ لِأَنَّهَا زَنَتْ وَهِيَ تَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٨٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُدْرَأُ عَنْهُ بِالشُّبْهَةِ، ⦗٣٢٨⦘\n\n١٦٨٧٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مَرْفُوعًا: «ادْرَءُوا الْحُدُودَ»","vol":"12","page":327},{"text":"١٦٨٧٤ - وَرَوَى يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ الشَّامِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَرْفُوعًا:  «ادْرَءُوا الْحُدُودَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ، فَإِنْ وُجِدَ ثَمَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِ مَخْرَجًا، فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُ، فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ أَنْ يُخْطِئَ فِي الْعَفْوِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ أَنْ يُخْطِئَ فِي الْعُقُوبَةِ»،\n\n١٦٨٧٥ - وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ. وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ وَكِيعٌ مَوْقُوفًا وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ","vol":"12","page":328},{"text":"١٦٨٧٦ - وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ، حَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ:  «ادْرَءُوا الْجَلْدَ وَالْقَتْلَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ»","vol":"12","page":328},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1160>مَنْ أَتَى جَارِيَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ</span>","vol":"12","page":329},{"text":"١٦٨٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ حُجَيَّةَ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، قَالَ: \" كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ، فَأَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ زَوْجِي وَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَتِي، قَالَ: إِنْ تَكُونِي صَادِقَةً نَرْجُمْهُ، وَإِنْ تَكُونِي كَاذِبَةً نَجْلِدْكِ \"،\n\n١٦٨٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، لِآنَّ زِنَاهُ بِجَارِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ مِثْلُ زِنَاهُ بِغَيْرِهَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مِمَنْ يُعَذَّرُ بِالْجَهَالَةِ وَيَقُولُ: كُنْتُ أَرَى أَنَّهَا لِي حَلَالٌ، ⦗٣٣٠⦘\n١٦٨٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ فِي وُجُوبِ الرَّجْمِ إِذَا لَمْ يَدَّعِ الشُّبْهَةَ،\n\n١٦٨٨٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بُشَيْرٍ، فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقَعُ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ: لَأَقْضِيَنَّ بِقَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنْ كَانَتْ أَحَلَّتْهَا لَكَ جَلَدْتُكَ مِائَةً، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ أَحَلَّتْهَا لَكَ رَجَمْتُكَ بِالْحِجَارَةِ \"،\n\n١٦٨٨١ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيَّ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا أَتَّقِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"12","page":329},{"text":"١٦٨٨٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ: أَنَّ \" رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ: إِنِ اسْتَكْرَهَهَا فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ، وَعَلَيْهِ لِسَيِّدَتِهَا مِثْلُهَا، وَإِنْ طَاوَعَتْهُ فَهِيَ لَهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ لِسَيِّدَتِهَا مِثْلُهَا \"،\n\n١٦٨٨٣ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ، فَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ هَكَذَا، وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ عَنْ جَوْنِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ،\n\n١٦٨٨٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ، ⦗٣٣١⦘\n\n١٦٨٨٥ - وَعَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الْهُذَلِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٦٨٨٦ - وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفٍ،\n\n١٦٨٨٧ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، يَقُولُ: الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ، شَيْخٌ لَا يُعْرَفُ لَا يُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُ غَيْرُ الْحَسَنِ يَعْنِي قَبِيصَةَ بْنَ حُرَيْثٍ،\n\n١٦٨٨٨ - قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ، يَقُولُ: جَوْنُ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ شَيْخٌ لَمْ يُحَدِّثْ عَنْهُ غَيْرُ الْحَسَنِ،\n\n١٦٨٨٩ - وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ سَمِعَ سَلَمَةَ بْنَ الْمُحَبِّقِ، فِي حَدِيثِهِ نَظَرٌ،\n\n١٦٨٩٠ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَلَا يَثْبُتُ خَبَرُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ،\n\n١٦٨٩١ - وَقَالَ أَشْعَثُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ الْحُدُودِ،\n\n١٦٨٩٢ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: كَانَ هَذَا حِينَ كَانَتِ الْعُقُوبَاتُ بِالْمَعَاصِي فِي الْأَمْوَالِ، ⦗٣٣٢⦘\n\n١٦٨٩٣ - وَرُوِي عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ أَفْتَى بِمِثْلِ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ، وَرُوِي عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ، وَلَا تَعُدْ","vol":"12","page":330},{"text":"١٦٨٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ  «لَا يَرَى عَلَى الَّذِي يُصِيبُ وَلِيدَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ جَلْدًا، وَلَا عَقْرًا»","vol":"12","page":332},{"text":"١٦٨٩٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا أَتَاهُ، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ أَصَابَ جَارِيَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: اسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَلَا تَعُدْ \"،\n\n١٦٨٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ أَهْلِ الْجَهَالَةِ، وَقَالَ: كُنْتُ أَرَى أَنَّهَا حَلَالٌ لِي، فَإِنَّا نَدْرَأُ عَنْهُ الْحَدَّ وَعَزَرَّنَاهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَالِمًا حَدَدْنَاهُ حَدَّ الزَّانِي","vol":"12","page":332},{"text":"١٦٨٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَالَ: إِنَّ «ابْنَ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ لَا يَدْرِي مَا حَدَثَ بَعْدَهُ لَوْ أُتِيتُ بِهِ لَرَجَمْتُهُ»","vol":"12","page":332},{"text":"١٦٨٩٨ - وَعَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَالَ: \" لَوْ أُتِيتُ بِهِ لَرَجَمْتُهُ. يَعْنِي رَجُلًا وَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ،\n\n١٦٨٩٩ - وَفِي هَذَا إِنْ ثَبَتَ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى نَسْخٍ وَرَدَ عَلَى مَا أَفْتَى بِهِ ابْنُ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ، وَهُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":332},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1161>حَدُّ الْمَمَالِيكِ</span>\n١٦٩٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ فِي الْمَمْلُوكَاتِ: \" ﴿فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥]\n⦗٣٣٤⦘ \"،\n\n١٦٩٠١ - وَالنِّصْفُ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا فِي الْجِلْدِ يَتَبَعَّضُ، فَأَمَّا الرَّجْمُ الَّذِي هُوَ قَتْلٌ فَلَا نِصْفَ لَهُ،\n\n١٦٩٠٢ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا زَنَتْ أَمَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنَ زِنَاهَا فَلْيَجْلِدْهَا»، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ «يَرْجُمْهَا»،\n\n١٦٩٠٣ - وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي أَنْ لَا رَجْمَ عَلَى مَمْلُوكٍ فِي الزِّنَا،\n\n١٦٩٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِحْصَانُ الْأَمَةِ: إِسْلَامُهَا،\n\n١٦٩٠٥ - وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا هَذَا اسْتِدْلَالًا بِالسُّنَّةِ، وَإِجْمَاعِ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَلَمَّا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا زَنَتْ أَمَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنَ زِنَاهَا فَلْيَجْلِدْهَا» وَلَمْ يَقُلْ مُحْصَنَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ غَيْرَ مُحْصَنَةٍ، اسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي الْإِمَاءِ: ﴿فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥] إِذَا أَسْلَمْنَ لَا إِذَا أُنْكِحْنَ فَأُصِبْنَ بِالنِّكَاحِ، وَلَا إِذَا أَعْتَقْنَ وَلَمْ يُصَبْنَ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا،\n\n١٦٩٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِحْصَانُهَا إِسْلَامُهَا، ⦗٣٣٥⦘\n\n١٦٩٠٧ - وَعَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ إِمَاءَهُ الْحَدَّ إِذَا زَنَيْنَ تَزَوَّجْنَ، أَوْ لَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْنَ.\n\n١٦٩٠٨ - وَعَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: \" إِحْصَانُ الْأَمَةِ دُخُولُهَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ: ﴿فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥]، قَالَ: إِذَا أَسْلَمْنَ \"،\n١٦٩٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ ﴿فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥] بِالضَّمِ، وَقَالَ: إِذَا تَزَوَّجْنَ وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ حَدٌّ حَتَّى تُحْصِنَ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَقْرَؤُهَا مُجَاهِدٌ","vol":"12","page":333},{"text":"١٦٩١٠ - وَقَدْ غَلَطَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ فَرَفَعَهُ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ الْعَابِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، قَالَ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَيْسَ عَلَى أَمَةٍ حَدٌّ حَتَّى تُحْصِنَ بِزَوْجٍ، فَإِذَا أَحْصَنَتْ بِزَوْجٍ فَعَلَيْهَا نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ»،\n\n١٦٩١١ - وَهَذَا خَطَأٌ، لَيْسَ هَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ فِيمَا ⦗٣٣٦⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ أَبِي سَعْدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ الْفَقِيهُ بِمَرْوَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ الْعَابِدِيُّ. . .، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَذَكَرَ عَقِبَهُ كَلَامَ ابْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ هَذَا،\n\n١٦٩١٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، مَوْقُوفًا\n\n١٦٩١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَاسَرْجِسِيُّ فِيمَا أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْهُ، وَقَرَأْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤] ذَوَاتُ الْأَزْوَاجِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ \"،\n\n١٦٩١٤ - ﴿أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤]، ﴿وَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَاتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحَاتٍ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥] عَفَائِفُ غَيْرُ خَبَائِثَ،\n\n١٦٩١٥ - ﴿فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥] فَإِذَا أُنْكِحْنَ،\n\n١٦٩١٦ - ﴿فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥]: غَيْرِ ذَوَاتِ الْأَزْوَاجِ،\n\n١٦٩١٧ - وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٥] الْحَرَائِرُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ،\n\n١٦٩١٨ - ﴿مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤] عَفَائِفُ غَيْرُ فَوَاسِقَ، ⦗٣٣٧⦘\n\n١٦٩١٩ - وَحَكَى أَيْضًا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبَرِيُّ صَاحِبُ «الْإِفْصَاحِ» عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِحْصَانُهَا نِكَاحُهَا،\n\n١٦٩٢٠ - فَعَلَى هَذَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا نَصَّ عَلَى الْجَلْدِ فِي أَكْمَلِ حَالَيْهَا لِيَسْتَدِلَّ بِهِ عَلَى سُقُوطِ الرَّجْمِ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ الْجَلْدُ ثَابِتًا عَلَيْهَا قَبْلَ النِّكَاحِ وَبَعْدَهُ بِدَلَالَةِ السُّنَّةِ","vol":"12","page":335},{"text":"١٦٩٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" سُئِلَ عَنِ الْأَمَةِ إِذَا زَنَتْ وَلَمْ تُحْصِنْ؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا زَنَتْ فَاجْلِدُوهَا، ثُمَّ إِنْ زَنَتْ فَاجْلِدُوهَا، ثُمَّ إِنْ زَنَتْ فَاجْلِدُوهَا، ثُمَّ بِيعُوهَا وَلَوْ بِضَفِيرٍ»\n\n١٦٩٢٢ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: لَا أَدْرِي أَبْعَدَ الثَّالِثَةِ أَوِ الرَّابِعَةِ، قَالَ: وَالضَّفِيرُ: الْحَبْلُ ⦗٣٣٨⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٦٩٢٣ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٦٩٢٤ - وَلَا يَجُوزُ تَعْلِيلُ الْحَدِيثِ بِرِوَايَةِ عَقِيلٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ شِبْلِ بْنِ خُلَيْدٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَوْسِيِّ،\n\n١٦٩٢٥ - وَقِيلَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الْإِحْصَانِ،\n\n١٦٩٢٦ - وَلَا بِحَدِيثِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُهُ،\n\n١٦٩٢٧ - وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ حَافَظٌ ثِقَةٌ وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فِيهِ إِسْنَادَانِ وَكَانَ السُّؤَالُ فِي أَحَدِ الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ دُونَ الْآخَرِ،\n\n١٦٩٢٨ - وَلَمَّا كَانَ مَعْلُومًا عِنْدَ الرُّوَاةِ بِدَلَالَةِ الْمَقَالِ أَنَّ الْحُكْمَ لَا يَخْتَلِفُ بِإِحْصَانِهَا وَعَدَمِ إِحْصَانِهَا أَعْرَضَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ نَقْلِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":337},{"text":"١٦٩٢٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، قَالَ: \" خَطَبَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁، فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَقِيمُوا الْحُدُودَ عَلَى أَرِقَّائِكُمْ مَنَ أَحْصَنَ مِنْهُمْ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُحْصِنْ، فَإِنَّ أَمَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَنَتْ، فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَجْلِدَهَا، فَإِذَا هِيَ حَدِيثُ عَهْدِ بِالنِّفَاسِ، فَخَشِيتُ إِنْ أَنَا جَلَدْتُهَا أَنْ تَمُوتَ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَحْسَنْتَ» أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكَ ﵀، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ⦗٣٣٩⦘ حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ","vol":"12","page":338},{"text":"١٦٩٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، قَالَ:  «أَمَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي فِتْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَجَلَدْنَا وَلَائِدَ مِنْ وَلَائِدِ الْإِمَارَةِ خَمْسِينَ خَمْسِينَ فِي الزِّنَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، قَالَ: أَمَرَنِي. . .، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٦٩٣١ - وَالْكَلَامُ فِي النَّفْيِ قَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ","vol":"12","page":339},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1162>حَدُّ الرَّجُلِ أَمَتَهُ إِذَا زَنَتْ</span>","vol":"12","page":340},{"text":"١٦٩٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَشِبْلٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، وَشِبْلٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالُوا: كُنَّا قُعُودًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ جَارِيَتِي زَنَتْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اجْلِدْهَا، فَإِنْ زَنَتْ فَاجْلِدْهَا، فَإِنْ زَنَتْ فَاجْلِدْهَا، فَإِنْ زَنَتْ فَبِعْهَا وَلَوْ بِضَفِيرٍ»\n\n١٦٩٣٣ - أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ دُونَ ذِكْرِ شِبْلٍ، فَالْحُفَّاظُ يَقُولُونَ: ذِكْرُ شِبْلٍ فِي حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ كَمَا أَشَرْنَا إِلَيْهِ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٦٩٣٤ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"12","page":340},{"text":"١٦٩٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، ⦗٣٤١⦘ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا زَنَتْ أَمَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنَ زِنَاهَا، فَلْيَجْلِدْهَا الْحَدَّ وَلَا يُثَرِّبْ عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ إِنْ عَادَتْ فَزَنَتْ فَتَبَيَّنَ زِنَاهَا فَلْيَجْلِدْهَا الْحَدَّ وَلَا يُثَرِّبْ عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ إِنْ عَادَتْ فَزَنَتْ فَتَبَيَّنَ زِنَاهَا، فَلْيَبِعْهَا وَلَوْ بِضَفِيرٍ مِنْ شَعَرٍ» يَعْنِي الْحَبْلَ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"12","page":340},{"text":"١٦٩٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَإِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَقِيمُوا الْحُدُودَ عَلَى مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ»،\n\n١٦٩٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا إِلَى غَيْرِ فِعْلِ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِمْتُهُ، وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِهِ، وَهُوَ السُّنَّةُ الثَّابِتَةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. . . أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ","vol":"12","page":341},{"text":"١٦٩٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ⦗٣٤٢⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَدَّتْ جَارِيَةً لَهَا زَنَتْ \"،\n\n١٦٩٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَكَانَ الْأَنْصَارُ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ يَحُدُّونَ إِمَاءَهُمْ وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ يَأْمُرُ بِهِ، وَأَبُو بَرْزَةَ حَدَّ وَلِيدَتَهُ،\n\n١٦٩٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٦٩٤١ - وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُ بَقَايَا الْأَنْصَارِ وَهُمْ يَضْرِبُونَ الْوَلِيدَةَ مِنْ وَلَائِدَهُمْ فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ إِذَا زَنَتْ،\n\n١٦٩٤٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ،\n\n١٦٩٤٣ - وَاسْتَشْهَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِضَرْبِ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ عِنْدَ النُّشُوزِ،\n\n١٦٩٤٤ - قَالَ: وَإِذَا أَبَاحَهُ اللَّهُ فِيمَا لَيْسَ بِحَدٍّ فَهُوَ فِي الْحَدِّ الَّذِي يُعَدَّدُ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُبَاحَ، لِأَنَّ الْعَدَدَ لَا يُتَعَدَّى وَالْعُقُوبَةُ لَا حَدَّ لَهَا،\n\n١٦٩٤٥ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ، وَقَالَ فِي خِلَالِهِ: مَا يَجْهَلُ ضَرْبَ خَمْسِينَ أَحَدٌ يَعْقِلُ،\n\n١٦٩٤٦ - قَالُوا: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَا يُشْبِهُ قَوْلَنَا، ⦗٣٤٣⦘\n\n١٦٩٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَوَ فِي أَحَدٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ؟، قَالَ: لَا، قُلْنَا: فَلَمْ نَحْتَجَّ بِهِ وَلَيْسَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَيْضًا؟،\n\n١٦٩٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَمْ نَجِدُهْ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ كُتِبِ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"12","page":341},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1163>بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي حَدِّ الذِّمِّيِّينَ</span>\n١٦٩٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ فِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ: «﴿فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ، وَإِنْ تُعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ فَلَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ شَيْئًا، وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ﴾»،\n\n١٦٩٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ بَيَانٌ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ الْخِيَارَ فِي أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ، أَوْ يُعْرِضَ عَنْهُمْ،\n\n١٦٩٥١ - وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ حَكَمَ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِالْقِسْطِ، وَالْقِسْطُ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ الَّذِي ⦗٣٤٥⦘ أَنْزَلَ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ الْمَحْضُ الصَّادِقُ أَحْدَثُ الْأَخْبَارِ عَهْدًا بِاللَّهِ ﵎،\n\n١٦٩٥٢ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ فَاحْذَرْهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنُوكَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ﴾،\n\n١٦٩٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَا فِي الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ لَهُ بِالْحُكْمِ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ،\n\n١٦٩٥٤ - قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ مِنَ أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ﴾ إِنْ حَكَمْتَ لَا عَزْمًا أَنْ يَحْكُمَ\n\n١٦٩٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «إِذَا ارْتَفَعَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ إِلَى حُكَّامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنْ شَاءَ حَكَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُمْ، وَإِنْ حَكَمَ حَكَمَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿»،\n\n١٦٩٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَكَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي يَهُودِيَّيْنِ زَنَيَا بِأَنْ رَجَمَهُمَا. وَهَذَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩]","vol":"12","page":344},{"text":"١٦٩٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «رَجَمَ يَهُودِيَّيْنِ زَنَيَا»، ⦗٣٤٦⦘\n\n١٦٩٥٨ - قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: فَرَأَيْتُ الرَّجُلَ يَحْنِي عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ يَقِيهَا الْحِجَارَةَ،\n\n١٦٩٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَصْحَابُ الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ «يَحْنِي عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ» وَأَهْلُ اللُّغَةِ يَقُولُونَ يَجْنَأُ، أَيْ: يُكِبُّ، وَقِيلَ: يُجْنِئُ. وَرُوِيَ: يُجَانِئُ","vol":"12","page":345},{"text":"١٦٩٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كَيْفَ تَسْأَلُونَ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، وَكِتَابُكُمُ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ أَحْدَثُ الْأَخْبَارِ تَقْرَءُونَهُ مَحْضًا لَمْ يُشَبْ أَلَمْ يُخْبِرْكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنَّهُمْ حَرَّفُوا كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَبَدَّلُوا، وَكَتَبُوا كِتَابًا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، فَقَالُوا: هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا، أَلَا نَهَاكُمُ الْعِلْمُ الَّذِي جَاءَكُمْ عَنْ مَسْأَلَتِهِمْ، وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ قَطُّ يَسْأَلُكُمْ عَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ⦗٣٤٧⦘\n\n١٦٩٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ لِي قَائِلٌ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: \" ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩] نَاسِخَةٌ لِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ \"،\n\n١٦٩٦٢ - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: النَّاسِخُ إِنَّمَا يُوجَدُ بِخَبَرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَوْ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ لَا مُخَالِفَ لَهُ، أَوْ أَمْرٍ أَجْمَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ عَوَامُّ الْفُقَهَاءِ فَهَلْ مَعَكَ مِنْ هَذَا وَاحِدٌ؟،\n\n١٦٩٦٣ - قَالَ: لَا،\n\n١٦٩٦٤ - قُلْتُ: قَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩] إِنْ حَكَمْتَ","vol":"12","page":346},{"text":"١٦٩٦٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِكَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ قَابُوسَ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي مُسْلِمٍ زَنَى بِذِمِّيَّةٍ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَحُدَّ الْمُسْلِمَ، وَيَدْفَعَ الذِّمِّيَّةَ إِلَى أَهْلِ دِينِهَا \"،\n\n١٦٩٦٦ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١٦٩٦٧ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ عَنْ قَابُوسَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"12","page":347},{"text":"١٦٩٦٨ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْجَنَدِيُّ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ:  «مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنْ يُرَدَّ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ إِلَى حُكَّامِهِمْ فِي حُدُودِهِمْ وَمَوَارِيثِهِمْ»،\n\n١٦٩٦٩ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتُونَا رَاغِبِينَ فِي السُّنَّةِ، فَتُقَامُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيُحْكَمُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِذَلِكَ","vol":"12","page":347},{"text":"١٦٩٧٠ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، قَالَ:  «إِذَا جَاءَنَا أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ يَطْلُبُونَ حُكْمَنَا حَكَمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كَحُكْمِنَا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْتُونَا رَاغِبِينَ فِي السُّنَّةِ لَمْ نَلْتَفِتْ إِلَيْهِمْ»،\n\n١٦٩٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ: فَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا عِنْدَكَ يَعْنِي مَا ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَهُوَ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ مُخَيَّرٌ فِي أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ يَتْرُكَ الْحُكْمَ عَلَيْهِمْ","vol":"12","page":348},{"text":"١٦٩٧٢ - قَالَ: فَقَالَ: قَدْ رَوَى بَجَالَةُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ:  «فَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ كُلِّ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ وَانْهَوْهُمْ عَنِ الزَّمْزَمَةِ»،\n\n١٦٩٧٣ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: كَتَبَ إِلَى جَزْءِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَنْ فَرِّقُوا. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُ، قَالَ: فَمَا رُوِّينَا فَكَيْفَ لَمْ تَأْخُذُوا بِهِ؟،\n\n١٦٩٧٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: بَجَالَةُ رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ بِالْمَشْهُورِ، وَلَسْنَا نَحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَةِ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ لَيْسَ بِالْمَشْهُورِ، وَلَا يُعْرَفُ أَنَّ جَزْءَ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَانَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَامِلًا،\n\n١٦٩٧٥ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ فِي خِلَالِهِ: حَدِيثُ بَجَالَةَ مُوَافِقٌ لَنَا. لِأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّمَا حَمَلَهُمْ إِنْ كَانَ حَدِيثُ بَجَالَةَ ثَابِتًا عَلَى مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِأَنَّ الْحَرَائِمَ لَا يَحْلِلْنَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِمُسْلِمٍ الزَّمْزَمَةُ، ⦗٣٤٩⦘ فَتَحْمِلُهُمْ عَلَى مَا تَحْمِلُ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَتَتَبَّعُهُمْ كَمَا تَتَبَّعُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: فَقَدْ خَالَفْتَ مَا رَوَيْتَ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ،\n\n١٦٩٧٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا مِنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ رَوَى عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحُكْمَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِلَّا فِي الْمُوَادِعَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ رُجِمَا، وَلَا نَعْلَمُ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ أَصْحَابِهِ بَعْدَهُ إِلَّا مَا رَوَى بَجَالَةُ مِمَّا يُوَافِقُ حُكْمَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَسِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ قَابُوسَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مِمَّا يُوَافِقُ قَوْلَنَا فِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ،\n\n١٦٩٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَاتَانِ الرِّوَايَتَانِ وَإِنْ لَمْ تُخَالِفَانَا غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفَتَيْنِ عِنْدَنَا، وَنَحْنُ نَرْجُو أَنْ لَا نَكُونَ مِمَنْ تَدَعُوهُ الْحُجَّةُ عَلَى مَنْ خَالَفَهِ إِلَى قَبُولِ خَبَرِ مَنْ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ خَبَرُهُ بِمَعْرِفَتِهِ عِنْدَهُ،\n\n١٦٩٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ الْحُدُودِ، وَنَصَّ فِي كِتَابِ الْجِزْيَةِ عَلَى أَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ الْخِيَارَ فِي أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْمُعَاهَدِينَ الَّذِي يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُكْمُ إِذَا جَاءَوهُ فِي حَدِّ اللَّهِ وَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقِيمَهُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩]،\n\n١٦٩٧٩ - قَالَ: فَكَانَ الصِّغَارُ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ الْإِسْلَامِ،\n\n١٦٩٨٠ - وَذَكَرَ فِي كِتَابِ الْجِزْيَةِ حَدِيثَ بَجَالَةَ فِي الْجِزْيَةِ، وَقَالَ: حَدِيثُ بَجَالَةَ مُتَّصِلٌ ثَابِتٌ لِأَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا فِي زَمَانِهِ كَاتِبًا لِعُمَّالِهِ،\n\n١٦٩٨١ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لَمْ يَقِفْ عَلَى حَالِ بَجَالَةَ بْنِ عَبْدٍ، وَيُقَالُ: «ابْنُ عَبْدَةَ»، حِينَ صَنَّفَ كِتَابَ الْحُدُودِ، ثُمَّ وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ حِينَ صَنَّفَ كِتَابَ الْجِزْيَةِ، ⦗٣٥٠⦘\n\n١٦٩٨٢ - وَحَدِيثُ بَجَالَةَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِهِ، وَحَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ مُرْسَلٌ وَقَابُوسُ بْنُ مُخَارِقٍ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":348},{"text":"١٦٩٨٣ - وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الطِّيِّبِ سَهْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: \" آيَتَانِ نُسِخَتَا مِنْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ يَعْنِي الْمَائِدَةَ: آيَةُ الْقَلَائِدِ، قَوْلُهُ: ﴿فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢]، قَالَ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُخَيَّرًا إِنْ شَاءَ حَكَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُمْ فَرَدَّهُمْ إِلَى أَحْكَامِهِمْ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩] فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا فِي كِتَابِنَا \"،\n\n١٦٩٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ صَدُوقٌ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوْفِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عِكْرِمَةَ","vol":"12","page":350},{"text":"١٦٩٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ أَنَّ \" رَجُلًا أَتَى عَلِيًّا بِرَجُلٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ احْتَلَمَ عَلَى أُمِّ الْآخَرِ، قَالَ: أَقِمْهُ فِي الشَّمْسِ، فَاضْرِبْ ظِلَّهُ \"","vol":"12","page":350},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1164>بَابُ حَدِّ الْقَذْفِ</span>\n١٦٩٨٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [النور: ٥] فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ الْقَاذِفُ ثَمَانِينَ وَأَنْ لَا تُقْبَلَ لَهُ شَهَادَةٌ وَسَمَّاهُ فَاسِقًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَتُوبَ \"،\n\n١٦٩٨٧ - وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ هَاهُنَا الْحَرَائِرُ الْبَوَالِغُ الْمُسْلِمَاتُ","vol":"12","page":351},{"text":"١٦٩٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: \" بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقِمْ عَلَيَّ الْحَدَّ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي إِنْهَارِهِ مَرَّتَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّلَاثَةُ: «مَا حَدُّكَ»، قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ امْرَأَةً حَرَامًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِرِجَالٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: \" انْطَلِقُوا بِهِ فَاجْلِدُوهُ مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ تَزَوَّجَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي إِنْكَارِ الْمَرْأَةِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «مَنْ شُهُودُكَ أَنَّكَ ⦗٣٥٢⦘ خَبِيثٌ بِهَا فَإِنَّهَا تُنْكِرُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكَ شُهَدَاءُ جَلَدْتُهَا وَإِلَّا جَلَدْتُكَ حَدَّ الْفِرْيَةِ؟» فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: وَاللَّهِ مَا لِي شُهَدَاءُ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَجُلِدَ حَدَّ الْفِرْيَةِ ثَمَانِينَ \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ أَبِي خَلَّادٍ، عَنْ خَلَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٦٩٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ الْإِفْكِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ وَامْرَأَةٍ مِمَنْ تَكَلَّمَ بِالْفَاحِشَةِ، فَضُرِبُوا حَدَّهُمْ: حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَمِسْطَحِ بْنِ أُثَاثَةَ، وَحَمْنَةَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ \"،\n\n١٦٩٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، فِي ضَرْبِ الْمَمْلُوكِ فِي الْقَذْفِ أَرْبَعِينَ","vol":"12","page":351},{"text":"١٦٩٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ: \" إِذَا قَالَ يَا بْنَ الزَّانِيَيْنِ، قَالَ: يُجْلَدُ حَدَّيْنِ \" وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى قَالَ: كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: عَلَيْهِ حَدَّانِ","vol":"12","page":352},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1165>٣٣ - كِتَابُ السَّرِقَةِ</span>","vol":"12","page":353},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1166>بَابُ مَا يَجِبُ فِيهِ الْقَطْعُ</span>\n١٦٩٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَسَبَا نَكَالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٨]","vol":"12","page":355},{"text":"١٦٩٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»،\n\n١٦٩٩٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا حَمَلَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ،\n\n١٦٩٩٥ - وَقَرَأْتُهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِرِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"12","page":356},{"text":"١٦٩٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»،\n\n١٦٩٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، ⦗٣٥٧⦘\n\n١٦٩٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي «كِتَابِ مَنَاقِبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ» مَنْقُولًا عَنْ «كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ» لِلشَّافِعِيِّ، وَوَقَعَ لَهُ فِي النَّقْلِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِلَا شَكٍّ،\n\n١٦٩٩٩ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، سَمَاعٌ، وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، بَلَاغٌ عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عِنْدَهُ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْحُدُودِ وَكِتَابِ الْقَطْعِ فِي السَّرِقَةِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ وَحْدَهُ سَمَاعًا مِنْهُ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا،\n\n١٧٠٠٠ - وَبِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ فِي أَحَدِ الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ مِنْ مُسْنَدِهِ عُقَيْبَ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي الْقَطْعِ،\n\n١٧٠٠١ - وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رُوِيَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنٍ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، وَحَجَّاجِ بْنِ مِنْهَالٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n١٧٠٠٢ - وَبِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ «الْحَثِّ عَلَى اتِّبَاعِ السُّنَّةِ»، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ بْنِ حُبَابٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"12","page":356},{"text":"١٧٠٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْطَعُ السَّارِقَ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»، ⦗٣٥٨⦘\n\n١٧٠٠٤ - فَجَاءَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، وَتَعَلَّقَ بِهِ وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْ عَمَّا قَطَعَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيُحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهَا قَوَّمَتْ مَا قَطَعَ فِيهِ فَكَانَتْ قِيمَتُهُ عِنْدَهَا رُبُعَ دِينَارٍ، فَجَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ مِقْدَارَ مَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقْطَعُ فِيهِ، وَقِيمَتُهُ عِنْدَ غَيْرِهَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْ رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ،\n\n١٧٠٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَوْ كَانَ أَصْلُ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى هَذَا اللَّفْظِ فَعَائِشَةُ ﵂ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِحَالِهَا كَانَتْ أَعْلَمَ بِاللَّهِ، وَأَفْقَهَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ، وَأَخْوَفَ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَأَشَدَّ إِتْقَانًا فِي الرِّوَايَةِ مِنَ أَنْ تَقْطَعَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْطَعُ السَّارِقَ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا فِيمَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ عِلْمًا، أَوْ تُطْلِقَ مِثْلَ هَذَا التَّقْدِيرِ فِيمَا تُقَوِّمُهُ بِالظَّنِّ وَالتَّخْمِينِ، وَمِنَ الْجَائِزِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَ غَيْرِهَا أَكْثَرُ قِيمَةً مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ تُفْتِي بِذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، نَحْنُ لَا نَظُنُّ بِعَائِشَةَ مِثْلَ هَذَا لِمَا تَقَرَّرَ عِنْدَنَا مِنَ إِتْقَانِهَا فِي الرِّوَايَةِ، وَحَفِظِهَا لِلسُّنَّةِ، وَمَعْرِفَتِهَا لِلشَّرِيعَةِ، وَتَعْظِيمِهَا مَحَارِمَ اللَّهِ ﷿،\n\n١٧٠٠٦ - هَذَا وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ هَذَا لَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَأَظُنُّهُ إِنَّمَا تَرَكَهُ لِمُخَالَفَةِ سَائِرِ الرُّوَاةِ فِي لَفْظِهِ، وَاضْطِرَابِهِ فِيهِ","vol":"12","page":357},{"text":"١٧٠٠٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السِّمْنَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ، وَأَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ:  «تُقْطَعُ يَدُ السَّارِقِ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»، ⦗٣٦١⦘\n\n١٧٠٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْبِسْطَامِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ","vol":"12","page":358},{"text":"١٧٠٠٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ شُجَاعٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ،. . .، فَذَكَرَاهُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَقَالَا مَتْنُ الْحَدِيثِ:  «لَا تُقْطَعُ يَدُ السَّارِقِ إِلَّا فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»،\n\n١٧٠١٠ - وَلَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَ اللَّفْظَيْنِ فِي الْمَعْنَى. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، وَحَرْمَلَةَ، وَالْوَلِيدِ بْنِ شُجَاعٍ، ⦗٣٦٢⦘\n\n١٧٠١١ - وَهَذَا إِخْبَارٌ عَنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٧٠١٢ - فَرَجَعَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ إِلَى تَرْجِيحِ رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَقَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ: عِنْدَكُمْ لَا يُقَارِبُ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَكَيْفَ تَحْتَجُّونَ بِمَا رَوَى يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَتَدَعُونَ مَا رَوَى ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ؟،\n\n١٧٠١٣ - وَكَانَ يَنْبَغِي لِهَذَا الشَّيْخِ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ فِي تَوَارِيخِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَتَبَصَّرَ مَدَارِجَ الرُّوَاةِ وَمَنَازِلَهُمْ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ، ثُمَّ يَدَّعِي عَلَيْهِمْ مَا رَأَى مِنْ مَذَاهِبِهِمْ، وَيُلْزِمُهُمْ مَا وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِهِمْ، لَوْ قَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ لَا يُقَارِبَ يُونُسَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ فِي الزُّهْرِيِّ لَكَانَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى أَقَاوِيلِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْ أَنْ يُرَجِّحَ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ ⦗٣٦٣⦘\n\n١٧٠١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْنَائِيُّ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: \" سَأَلْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَ: مَالِكًا، وَيُونُسَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ، وَمَعْمَرًا، وعَقِيلًا، وَغَيْرَهُمْ، وَذَكَرَ مَنَازِلَهُمْ \"،\n\n١٧٠١٥ - قُلْتُ: فَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَوْ مَعْمَرٌ؟ فَقَالَ: مَعْمَرٌ،\n\n١٧٠١٦ - قُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّ بَعْضَ النَّاسِ يَزْعُمُونَ، يَقُولُونَ: سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ أَثْبَتُ النَّاسِ فِي الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٧٠١٧ - فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ مَنْ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ، وَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ سُفْيَانُ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ غُلَيْمًا يَعْنِي أَيَّامَ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٧٠١٨ - قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ صَالِحٍ، يَقُولُ: لَا نُقَدِّمُ فِي الزُّهْرِيِّ عَلَى يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ أَحَدًا،\n\n١٧٠١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ: وَكَانَ الزُّهْرِيُّ إِذَا قَدِمَ أَيْلَةَ نَزَلَ عَلَى يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَإِذَا سَارَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ زَامَلَهُ يُونُسُ\n\n١٧٠٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِمِصْرَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ سَهْلٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا صَدَقَةُ بْنُ الْمُنْتَصِرِ، حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ: «صَحِبْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً»،\n\n١٧٠٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: وُلِدْتُ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَمِائَةٍ، ⦗٣٦٤⦘ وَجَالَسْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ وَأَنَا ابْنُ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ وَشَهْرَيْنِ وَنِصْفٍ، قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً، وَخَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَمَاتَ. أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ فَارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عَلِيٌّ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. . .، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٧٠٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا بَيَانُ كِبَرِ يُونُسَ، وَطُولِ صُحْبَتِهِ الزُّهْرِيَّ، وَصِغَرِ سُفْيَانَ وَقِصَرِ صُحْبَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ،\n\n١٧٠٢٣ - وَكَانَ الزُّهْرِيُّ يَقُولُ لِابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ طَالِبًا لِلْعِلْمِ أَصْغَرَ مِنْهُ،\n\n١٧٠٢٤ - وَكَانَ الزُّهْرِيُّ يُجْلِسُهُ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ وَيُحَدِّثُهُ،\n\n١٧٠٢٥ - فَكَمْ بَيْنَ سَمَاعِهِ، وَسَمَاعِ مَنْ صَحِبَ الزُّهْرِيَّ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، يَسْمَعُهُ يُبْدِئُ الْحَدِيثَ، وَيُعِيدُهُ، وَيُنْشِئُهُ، وَيُكَرِّرُهُ؟،\n\n١٧٠٢٦ - وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ هَذَا الشَّيْخَ أَوْهَمَ مَنْ نَظَرَ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْوِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَيُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ فِي آخِرِ الْبَابِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"12","page":361},{"text":"١٧٠٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «يُقْطَعُ السَّارِقُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» ⦗٣٦٥⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"12","page":364},{"text":"١٧٠٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْفَوَارِسِ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ:  «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ،\n\n١٧٠٢٩ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: تَابَعَهُ مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"12","page":365},{"text":"١٧٠٣٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «تُقْطَعُ يَدُ السَّارِقِ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»","vol":"12","page":365},{"text":"١٧٠٣١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «تُقْطَعُ يَدُ السَّارِقِ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،\n\n١٧٠٣٢ - فَهَؤُلَاءِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ حُفَّاظِ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَثِقَاتِهِمْ قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى ⦗٣٦٦⦘ رِوَايَةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ لَفْظِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَيْلِيُّ، أَفَمَا تَدُلُّ رِوَايَتُهُمْ عَلَى أَنَّ أَصْلَ الْحَدِيثِ مَا رَوَوْا دُونَ مَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ؟ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَا مَحْفُوظَيْنِ بِأَنْ يَقْطَعَ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ وَيَقُولُ: «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» فَيُؤَدِّي ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ مَرَّةً الْفِعْلَ دُونَ الْقَوْلِ، وَمَرَّةً الْقَوْلَ دُونَ الْفِعْلِ، وَيُؤَدِّي هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْلَ دُونَ الْفِعْلِ لِكَوْنِهِ أَبْلَغَ فِي الْبَيَانِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٧٠٣٣ - هَذَا وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ،","vol":"12","page":365},{"text":"١٧٠٣٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ، وَأَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَخْرَمَةُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تُحَدِّثُ: أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ إِلَّا فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَمَا فَوْقَهُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ","vol":"12","page":366},{"text":"١٧٠٣٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، ⦗٣٦٧⦘ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ إِلَّا فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ،\n\n١٧٠٣٦ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ،. وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى الْغَسَّانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا رِوَايَتَهُمَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"12","page":366},{"text":"١٧٠٣٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ الْمُعَلِّمُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أَنَّ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، حَدَّثَتْهُ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ حَدَّثَتْهَا، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ بِرُبُعِ دِينَارٍ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ،\n\n١٧٠٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ هَذَا لَمْ يُورِدْهُ هَذَا ⦗٣٦٨⦘ الشَّيْخُ، وَلَا أَدْرِي بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ يُعَلِّلُهُ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ، وَقَدْ غَلَطَ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ: «عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ» وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فِي قَوْلِ بَعْضِ مَنْ حَكَاهُ عَنْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ يَرْوِي عَنْ عَمَّةِ أَبِيهِ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،\n\n١٧٠٣٩ - قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَّا شَبَهَهُ وَسَأَلَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ حَدِيثَ عَمْرَةَ،\n\n١٧٠٤٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فَإِنَّهُ عَلَّلَهُ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ بِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنَ أَبِيهِ شَيْئًا، وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَا حُكِيَ عَنْهُ مِنْ سَمَاعِ كُتُبِ أَبِيهِ\n\n١٧٠٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ النَّحْوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، قَالَ: \" قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ بِخَطِّ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: وَصَلْتُ الصُّفُوفَ حَتَّى قُمْتُ إِلَى حَدِيثِ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ فِي الرَّوْضَةِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تَسْمَعْ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارَ الَّتِي تُرْوَى عَنْ أَبِيكَ مِنْ أَبِيكَ، فَقَالَ: وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْمِنْبَرِ وَالْقَبْرِ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهَا مِنَ أَبِي، وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْمِنْبَرِ وَالْقَبْرِ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهَا مِنَ أَبِي، وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْمِنْبَرِ وَالْقَبْرِ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهَا مِنَ أَبِي \" ثَلَاثًا ⦗٣٦٩⦘\n\n١٧٠٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَعْنِ بْنِ عِيسَى، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَخْرَمَةُ سَمِعَ مِنَ أَبِيهِ، وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ رَبِيعَةُ أَشْيَاءَ مِنْ رَأْيِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ،\n\n١٧٠٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدِ اعْتَمَدَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ فِيمَا أَرْسَلَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذَهُ عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ،. وَاعْتَمَدَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَأَخْرَجَ أَحَادِيثَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فِي الصَّحِيحِ وَوَثَّقَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ،\n\n١٧٠٤٤ - فَيُحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا حُكِيَ عَنْهُ مِنَ إِنْكَارِهِ سَمَاعَ الْبَعْضِ دُونَ الْجَمِيعِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٧٠٤٥ - ثُمَّ هَبْ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ عَلَى مَا حُكِيَ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْإِنْكَارِ، أَلَيْسَ قَدْ جَاءَ بِكُتُبِ أَبِيهِ الرَّجُلُ الصَّالِحُ فَإِذَا فِيهَا تِلْكَ الْأَحَادِيثُ؟ أَفَمَا يَدُلُّنَا مَا وُجِدَ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِيهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْقَطْعِ عَلَى مُتَابَعَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ أَكْثَرَ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي لَفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ،\n\n١٧٠٤٦ - وَعَلَّلَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ بِمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ رَبِّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَزُرَيْقُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مَوْقُوفًا. . .،\n\n١٧٠٤٧ - وَأَخَذَ فِي كَلَامٍ يُوهِمُ مَنْ نَظَرِ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُ أَكْثَرُ عَدَدًا، وَأَشَدُّ إِتْقَانًا وَحِفْظًا، وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ حَالُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ فِي عِلْمِهِ بِالْقَضَاءِ وَالسُّنَنِ وَشِدَّةِ اجْتَهَادِهِ فِي عِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ ⦗٣٧٠⦘،\n\n١٧٠٤٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ عَلْمِ الْقَضَاءِ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ»،\n\n١٧٠٤٩ - وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لَهُ الْعِلْمَ مِنْ عِنْدَ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،\n\n١٧٠٥٠ - وَذَكَرَ غَيْرُهُ أَنَّ سَجْدَتَهُ كَانَتْ أَخَذَتْ جَبْهَتَهُ وَأَنْفَهُ،\n\n١٧٠٥١ - فَإِذَا كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَعْتَمِدُهُ فِي الْقَضَاءِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ يَعْتَمِدُهُ فِي كَتْبِهِ الْحَدِيثَ لَهُ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ وَغَيْرِهَا أَفَلَا نَعْتَمِدُهُ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهَا، وَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ أَحْفَظُ النَّاسِ فِي دَهْرِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَتَابَعَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا عَنْ عَمْرَةَ\n\n١٧٠٥٢ - فَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ «قَطْعِ السَّارِقِ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» قِيلَ لِسُفْيَانَ: إِنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ رَفَعَهُ وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ غَيْرُهُ","vol":"12","page":367},{"text":"١٧٠٥٣ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: حَدَّثَنَاهُ يَحْيَى، وَعَبْدُ رَبِّهِ ابْنَا سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَرُزَيْقُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتِ:  «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» إِلَّا أَنَّ يَحْيَى قَالَ كَلِمَةً تَدُلُّ عَلَى الرَّفْعِ مَا نَسِيتُ وَلَا طَالَ عَلَيَّ: «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا». وَالزُّهْرِيُّ أَحْفَظُهُمْ كُلُّهُمْ،\n\n١٧٠٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بَيَّنَ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ أَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَوْلًا مِنْهُ كَمَا حَكَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ،\n\n١٧٠٥٥ - وَهَذَا خِلَافُ مَا اعْتَمَدَهُ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ، وَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ أَحْفَظُهُمْ، وَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ أَشَارَ إِلَى الرَّفْعِ،\n\n١٧٠٥٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى","vol":"12","page":371},{"text":"١٧٠٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: مَا طَالَ عَلَيَّ وَلَا نَسِيتُ:  «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»،\n\n١٧٠٥٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، مَرْفُوعًا وَلَا أَدْرِي عَمَنْ أَخَذَهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى","vol":"12","page":371},{"text":"١٧٠٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، ⦗٣٧٢⦘ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ:  «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»،\n\n١٧٠٦٠ - وَأَسْنَدَهُ أَيْضًا أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، وَبُدَيْلُ بْنُ الْمُحَبَّرِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى،\n\n١٧٠٦١ - وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تُفْتِي بِذَلِكَ وَتَرْوِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٧٠٦٢ - فَهَؤُلَاءِ الرُّوَاةُ كَانُوا يَقْتَصِرُونَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ مَرَّةً عَلَى فَتْوَاهَا، وَمَرَّةً عَلَى رِوَايَتِهَا لَقِيَامِ الْحُجَّةِ بِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهَا\n\n١٧٠٦٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ رَوَى عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، قِصَّةَ الْمَوْلَاتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ خَرَجَتَا مَعَ عَائِشَةَ، وَالْعَبْدُ الَّذِي سَرَقَ مِنْهُمَا، وَأَنَّهَا أَمَرَتْ بِهِ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ، وَقَالَتْ: «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»،\n\n١٧٠٦٤ - فَعَائِشَةُ كَانَتْ تَقْضِي بِذَلِكَ، وَتُفْتِي بِهِ طُولَ عُمُرِهَا، وَتَرْوِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٧٠٦٥ - وَعَمْرَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ كَانَتْ تَرْوِي مَرَّةً فَتْوَاهَا وَمَرَّةً رِوَايَتَهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَمَا هِيَ عَادَةُ الرُّوَاةِ وَنَقَلَةِ الْأَخْبَارِ،\n\n١٧٠٦٦ - فَلَا يُعَلَّلُ حَدِيثُ الْحُفَّاظِ الثِّقَاتِ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا","vol":"12","page":371},{"text":"١٧٠٦٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ يَأْمُرُهُ: انْظُرْ مَا كَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْ سُنَّةٍ مَاضِيَةٍ، أَوْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرَةَ، فَاكْتُبْهُ فَإِنِّي خِفْتُ دُرُوسَ الْعِلْمِ وَذَهَابَ أَهْلِهِ،","vol":"12","page":372},{"text":"١٧٠٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بُشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: مَا بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ أَعْلَمُ بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ مِنْهَا يَعْنِي عَمْرَةَ. وَقَالَ: وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَسْأَلُهَا،\n\n١٧٠٦٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَعَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ كَانَ حَالُ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فِي التَّابِعِينَ،\n\n١٧٠٧٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ، حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"12","page":373},{"text":"١٧٠٧١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «السَّارِقُ يُقْطَعُ فِي رُبْعِ دِينَارٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ الْحَوْضِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٧٠٧٢ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، فِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ","vol":"12","page":374},{"text":"١٧٠٧٣ - وَرُوِيَ مَوْقُوفًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ:  «لَمْ تُقْطَعِ الْيَدُ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي أَقَلِّ مِنْ ثَمَنِ الْمِجَنِّ حَجَفَةٍ، أَوْ تُرْسٍ، وَكِلَاهُمَا ذُو ثَمَنٍ»","vol":"12","page":374},{"text":"١٧٠٧٤ - وَهِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ إِنَّمَا رَوَى هَذَا، فِي رَجُلٍ سَرَقَ قَدَحًا فَأُتِيَ بِهِ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَقَالَ هِشَامٌ: قَالَ أَبِي: أَنَّهُ لَا تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ فِي الشَّيْءِ التَّافِهِ، وَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ: أَنَّهُ  «لَمْ تَكُنْ تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَدْنَى مِنْ ثَمَنِ مِجَنٍّ، أَوْ جَحْفَةٍ، أَوْ تُرْسٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَا: وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَحَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَرَقَ قَدَحًا. فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٣٧٥⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدَةَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ\n١٧٠٧٥ - وَقِيمَةُ الْمِجَنِّ غَيْرُ مَذْكُورَةٍ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَتْهَا عَمْرَةُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، قَالَتْ: \" قِيلَ لِعَائِشَةَ: مَا ثَمَنُ الْمِجَنِّ؟ قَالَتْ: رُبُعُ دِينَارٍ \"","vol":"12","page":374},{"text":"١٧٠٧٦ - وَبَيْنَهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «قَطَعَ سَارِقًا فِي مِجَنٍّ قِيمَتُهُ ثَلَاثَةُ دَرَاهِمَ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ نَافِعٍ","vol":"12","page":375},{"text":"١٧٠٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الصَّوَّافِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْأَسَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، ⦗٣٧٦⦘ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «قَطَعَ فِي مِجَنٍّ قِيمَتُهُ ثَلَاثَةُ دَرَاهِمَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ،\n\n١٧٠٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مُوَافِقٌ لِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ لِأَنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ دَرَاهِمَ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمِنْ بَعْدِهِ رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ،\n\n١٧٠٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الصَّرْفَ كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا وَكَانَ كَذَلِكَ بَعْدَهُ وَفَرَضَ عُمَرُ (﵁) الدِّيَّةَ اثْنَي عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ: أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ، وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الدِّيَةِ: اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ","vol":"12","page":375},{"text":"١٧٠٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ  «سَارِقًا سَرَقَ أُتْرُجَّةً ⦗٣٧٧⦘ فِي عَهْدِ عُثْمَانَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا عُثْمَانُ، فَقُوِّمَتْ ثَلَاثَةَ دَرَاهِمَ مِنْ صَرْفِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا بِدِينَارٍ، فَقَطَعَ يَدَهُ»،\n\n١٧٠٨١ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَهِيَ الْأُتْرُجَّةُ الَّتِي يَأْكُلُهَا النَّاسُ،\n\n١٧٠٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَحَدِيثُ عُثْمَانَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الدَّرَاهِمَ كَانَتِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بِدِينَارٍ\n\n١٧٠٨٣ - قَالَ: وَيَدُلُّ حَدِيثُ عُثْمَانَ عَلَى أَنَّ قَطْعَ الْيَدِ فِي الثَّمَرِ الرُّطَبِ: صَلُحَ بِيُبْسٍ، أَوْ لَمْ يَصْلُحْ، لِأَنَّ الْأُتْرُجَّ لَا يَيْبَسُ","vol":"12","page":376},{"text":"١٧٠٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ الطَّوِيلِ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ قَتَادَةَ، يَسْأَلُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ عَنِ الْقَطْعِ، فَقَالَ أَنَسٌ: حَضَرْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ قَطَعَ سَارِقًا فِي شَيْءٍ مَا يَسُدُّنِي أَنَّهُ لِي بِثَلَاثَةِ دَرَاهِمَ \"","vol":"12","page":377},{"text":"١٧٠٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ قَالَ:  «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»","vol":"12","page":378},{"text":"١٧٠٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَطَعَ يَدَ سَارِقٍ فِي بَيْضَةٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ ثَمَنُهَا رُبُعُ دِينَارٍ \"","vol":"12","page":378},{"text":"١٧٠٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الشَّيْخُ الَّذِي تَكَلَّمَ عَلَى الْأَخْبَارِ الَّتِي احْتَجَجْنَا بِهَا بِالطَّعْنِ فِيهَا الْآنَ أَبْصَرَ بِإِيشِ احْتَجَّ، رُوِيَ فِي مُقَابِلِهِ حَدِيثُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَحَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَأَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «قَطَعَ فِي مِجَنٍّ قِيمَتُهُ ثَلَاثَةُ دَرَاهِمَ»\n\n١٧٠٨٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: قُوِّمَتْ ثَلَاثَةُ دَرَاهِمَ","vol":"12","page":378},{"text":"١٧٠٨٩ - حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: كَانَتْ  «قِيمَةُ الْمِجَنِّ الَّذِي قَطَعَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَشْرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ»،\n\n١٧٠٩٠ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، مِثْلَهُ","vol":"12","page":378},{"text":"١٧٠٩١ - وَحَدِيثُ مُجَاهِدٍ وَعَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَيْمَنَ الْحَبَشِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَدْنَى مَا يَقْطَعُ فِيهِ السَّارِقُ ثَمَنُ الْمِجَنِّ» قَالَ: وَكَانَ يُقَوَّمُ دِينَارًا، ⦗٣٧٩⦘\n\n١٧٠٩٢ - وَقِيلَ عَنْ أَيْمَنَ ابْنِ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ، عَنْ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ،\n\n١٧٠٩٣ - وَمَنْ أَنْصَفَ وَرَجَعَ إِلَى أَدْنَى مَعْرِفَةٍ بِالْأَخْبَارِ، عَلِمَ أَنَّ بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ لَا يُتْرَكُ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَا حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n١٧٠٩٤ - وَمَنْ يَرُدُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ حَدِيثَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْقَطْعِ بِأَنَّ رَاوِيَهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ: يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْهَادِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ؟،\n\n١٧٠٩٥ - وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ الْهَادِ مِمَنْ أَجْمَعَ الْحُفَّاظُ عَلَى تَوْثِيقِهِ، وَالِاحْتِجَاجِ بِرِوَايَتِهِ،\n\n١٧٠٩٦ - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَدْ يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ فِيمَا لَا يُخَالِفُ فِيهِ أَهْلَ الْحِفْظِ ⦗٣٨٢⦘ وَهُوَ فِي تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَةِ لَمْ يُخَالِفْ أَحَدًا، فَحَقِيقٌ لَهُ أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَتِهِ هَذِهِ، وَقَدْ خَالَفَ فِيهَا مَنْ هُوَ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ عُتَيْبَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَيْمَنَ هَذَا","vol":"12","page":378},{"text":"١٧٠٩٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ الْعَسْقَلَانِيِّ وَلَفْظُ الْحَدِيثِ لَهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ:  «قَطَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَ رَجُلٍ فِي مِجَنٍّ قِيمَتُهُ دِينَارٌ، أَوْ عَشْرَةُ دَرَاهِمَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ. . .، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٧٠٩٨ - وَهَذِهِ حِكَايَةٌ عَنْ سَرِقَةٍ بِعَيْنِهَا وَهِيَ لَا تُخَالِفُ فِي الْمَعْنَى مَا مَضَى","vol":"12","page":382},{"text":"١٧٠٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمَنْ يَرُدُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَكَثِيرِ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، أَوْ قَالَ: ابْنِ خُنَيْسٍ، أَنَّهُمْ تَنَازَعُوا فِي الْقَطْعِ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ يَسْأَلُونَهَا، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ⦗٣٨٣⦘ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا قَطْعَ إِلَّا فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» بِأَنَّهُ لَا يُعْلَمُ لِجَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ مِنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ سَمَاعًا،\n\n١٧١٠٠ - فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَحْتَجَّ بِرِوَايَةِ أَيْمَنَ الْحَبَشِيِّ، وَرِوَايَتُهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَلَا بِرِوَايَةِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ⦗٣٨٦⦘ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ فِي أَقَلِّ مِنْ عَشْرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ» لِانْقِطَاعِهَا","vol":"12","page":382},{"text":"١٧١٠١ - وَقَدْ أَنْبَأَنِي بِالْحَدِيثِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ وَاصِلٍ الْبِيكَنْدِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُمْ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جَارِيَةَ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مُغِيرَةٍ، وَكَثِيرِ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ أَوْ قَالَ ابْنُ خُنَيْسٍ، وَكَانَ غَيْرَ مُقَيَّدٍ، وَالْحُفَّاظُ لَا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ أَنَّهُمْ تَنَازَعُوا فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا قَطْعَ إِلَّا فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ»\n\n١٧١٠٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ؟ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، أَنَّ الْأَسْوَدَ بْنَ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ، سَمِعَ عَمْرَةَ تُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٧١٠٣ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ هَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ ⦗٣٨٧⦘ الْمُبَارَكِ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أَنَّ عَمْرَةَ، حَدَّثَتْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٧١٠٤ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ الْأُوَيْسِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ،\n\n١٧١٠٥ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ أَصْبَغُ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ، تَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ. . . مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٧١٠٦ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْنَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي تَارِيخِ الْبُخَارِيِّ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي ذِكْرِ كَثِيرٍ سَمِعَ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، رَوَى عَنْهُ الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، أَوِ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ،\n\n١٧١٠٧ - ثُمَّ أَرْدَفَهُ بِأَحَادِيثِ جَمَاعَةٍ مِمَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ،\n\n١٧١٠٨ - فَيُشَبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَصَاحِبَيْهِ أَنَّهُمْ تَنَازَعُوا، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى عَمْرَةَ، ثُمَّ عَمْرَةُ حَدَّثَتْ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَعَائِشَةُ حَدَّثَتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٧١٠٩ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ مَعَهُمْ حِينَ دَخَلُوا عَلَى عَمْرَةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، ⦗٣٨٨⦘\n\n١٧١١٠ - وَقَدْ أَثْبَتَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ سَمَاعَهُ مِنَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَعَمْرَةَ، وَقَالَ: قَالَهُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ. وَسَمَاعُ جَعْفَرٍ مِنَ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ غَيْرُ مَرْفُوعٍ مَعَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ سَمِعَ مِنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ الْأَعْرَجِ، فَلَيْسَ مِنَ الْبَعِيدِ سَمَاعُهُ أَيْضًا مِنَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَالْمَذْكُورِينَ مَعَهُ. وَرَوَى الْأَسْوَدُ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ غَيْرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَلَيْسَ فِيمَا يَرُدُّ بِهِ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ مَا يُوجِبُ الرَّدَّ،\n\n١٧١١١ - وَقَدْ أَغْنَانَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِرِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَرِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رِوَايَةِ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا زِيَادَةٌ بِظَاهِرٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"12","page":386},{"text":"١٧١١٢ - وَالَّذِي يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى انْقِطَاعِ حَدِيثِ أَيْمَنَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَزْرَقُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَيْمَنَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ تَبِيعٍ، عَنْ كَعْبٍ، قَالَ: \" مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ فَأَحْسَنَ الْوُضُوءَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بَعْدَهَا أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ، فَأَتَمَّ رُكُوعَهُنَّ وَسُجُودَهُنَّ يَعْلَمُ مَا يَقْتَرِئُ فِيهِنَّ فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَوْ قَالَ: كُنَّ لَهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ \"،\n\n١٧١١٣ - كَذَا قَالَ: «مَوْلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ»، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ: يَرْوِي عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَنْ مَنْ فَوْقِهَا رِوَايَةٌ،\n\n١٧١١٤ - وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَلَى انْقِطَاعِ حَدِيثِهِ فِي ثَمَنِ الْمِجَنِّ، ⦗٣٨٩⦘\n\n١٧١١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا رِوَايَتُهُ عَنْ أَيْمَنِ ابْنِ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ، عَنْ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ، فَإِنَّهَا خَطَأٌ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَهُ شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَاضِي وَخَلَطَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَشَرِيكٌ مِمَّنْ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ فِيمَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ أَهْلُ الْحِفْظِ وَالثِّقَةُ لِمَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ سُوءِ حِفْظِهِ\n\n١٧١١٦ - وَقَدْ أَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ عَنْ أَخْبَارِهِمْ بِمَا فِيهِ كِفَايَةٌ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ ﵀، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لِبَعْضِ النَّاسِ: هَذِهِ \" سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا، فَكَيْفَ قُلْتَ: لَا تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ إِلَّا فِي عَشْرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ فَصَاعِدًا؟ وَمَا حُجَّتُكَ فِي ذَلِكَ؟ \"،\n\n١٧١١٧ - قَالَ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَيْمَنَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَبِيهًا بِقَوْلِنَا، ⦗٣٩٠⦘\n\n١٧١١٨ - قُلْتُ: أَوْ تَعْرِفُ أَيْمَنَ؟،\n\n١٧١١٩ - أَمَّا أَيْمَنُ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ، عَطَاءٌ فَرَجُلٌ حَدَثٌ، لَعَلَّهَ أَصْغَرُ مِنْ عَطَاءٍ، رَوَى عَنْهُ عَطَاءٌ حَدِيثًا، عَنْ تَبِيعٍ ابْنِ امْرَأَةِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ كَعْبٍ،. فَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالْحَدِيثُ الْمُنْقَطِعُ لَا يَكُونُ حُجَّةً،\n\n١٧١٢٠ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَيْمَنَ ابْنِ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ أَخِي أُسَامَةَ لِأُمِّهِ،\n\n١٧١٢١ - قُلْتُ: لَا عِلْمَ لَكَ بِأَصْحَابِنَا، أَيْمَنُ أَخُو أُسَامَةَ، قُتِلَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ قَبْلَ مَوْلِدِ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَيُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُ","vol":"12","page":388},{"text":"١٧١٢٢ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَطَعَ فِي ثَمَنِ الْمِجَنِّ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: وَكَانَتْ  «قِيمَةُ الْمِجَنِّ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دِينَارًا»،\n\n١٧١٢٣ - قُلْتُ لَهُ: هَذَا رَأْيٌ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي رِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَالْمَجَانُّ قَدِيمًا وَحَدِيثًا سِلَعٌ يَكُونُ ثَمَنُهُ عَشْرَةً، وَمِائَةً، وَدِرْهَمَيْنِ، وَإِذَا قَطَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ، قَطَعَ فِي أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ، وَأَنْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ شُعَيْبٍ لَيْسَ مِمَنْ تُقْبَلُ رِوَايَتُهُ وَتَتْرُكُ عَلَيْنَا سُنَنًا رَوَاهَا تُوَافِقُ أَقَاوِيلَنَا وَيَقُولُ غَلَطٌ. فَكَيْفَ نَرُدُّ رِوَايَتَهُ مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ نَحْتَجُّ بِهِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحِفْظِ وَالصِّدْقِ، مَعَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْوِ شَيْئًا يُخَالِفُ قَوْلَنَا؟، ⦗٣٩١⦘\n\n١٧١٢٤ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا قَوْلَنَا، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"12","page":390},{"text":"١٧١٢٥ - قُلْتُ لَهُ: رَوَاهُ الزَّعَافِرِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَصْحَابُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَالَ:  «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» وَحَدِيثُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَثْبُتَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزَّعَافِرِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ،\n\n١٧١٢٦ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ إِلَّا فِي عَشْرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ»","vol":"12","page":391},{"text":"١٧١٢٧ - قُلْنَا: فَقَدْ رَوَى الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ أَبِي عَزَّةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «قَطَعَ سَارِقًا فِي خَمْسَةِ دَرَاهِمَ» وَهَذَا أَقْرَبُ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَحِيحًا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١٧١٢٨ - قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ لَمْ تَأْخُذُوا بِهَذَا؟\n\n١٧١٢٩ - قُلْنَا: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَا يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَنَا إِذَا قَطَعَ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ دَرَاهِمَ قَطَعَ فِي خَمْسَةٍ فَأَكْثَرَ،\n\n١٧١٣٠ - قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْطَعْ فِي ثَمَانِيَةٍ؟\n\n١٧١٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رِوَايَتُهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ غَيْرُ صَحِيحَةٍ، وَقَدْ رَوَى مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ: «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا» فَلَمْ نَرَ أَنْ نَحْتَجَّ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ، وَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ، وَعَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ اتِّبَاعُ أَمْرِهِ،\n\n١٧١٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَا إِلَى حَدِيثٍ صَحِيحٍ ذَهَبَ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا، وَلَا إِلَى مَا يُذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ ظَاهِرَ الْقُرْآنِ","vol":"12","page":391},{"text":"١٧١٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُهُمْ عَنْ عُمَرَ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ. وَقَدْ رَوَى قَتَادَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، قَالَ:  «لَا تُقْطَعُ الْخَمْسُ إِلَّا فِي الْخَمْسِ»\nوَقِيلَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ أَنَّهُمَا قَطَعَا فِي خَمْسَةٍ","vol":"12","page":392},{"text":"١٧١٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ أَبِي عَزَّةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَطَعَ سَارِقًا فِي قِيمَةِ خَمْسَةِ دَرَاهِمَ»\n\n١٧١٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا إِلَّا أَنَّا نَقْطَعُ فِي رُبْعِ دِينَارِ وَخَمْسَةِ دَرَاهِمَ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ رُبْعِ دِينَارٍ،\n\n١٧١٣٦ - وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا وَيَقُولُونَ لَا قَطْعَ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ عَشْرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ،\n\n١٧١٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ","vol":"12","page":392},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1167>السَّرِقَةُ مِنْ غَيْرِ حِرْزٍ</span>","vol":"12","page":393},{"text":"١٧١٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ وَلَا كَثَرٍ»،\n\n١٧١٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ: لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ مُعَلَّقٍ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُحْرَزٍ، وَلَا فِي جُمَّارٍ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُحْرَزٍ،\n\n١٧١٤٠ - وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ حَدِيثَ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ يَعْنِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ مُعَلَّقٍ، فَإِذَا أَوَاهُ الْجَرِينُ، فَفِيهِ الْقَطْعُ»،\n\n١٧١٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَاحْتَجَّ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، وَقَالَ: فَمِنْ هَاهُنَا قُلْنَا: لَا يُقْطَعُ فِي الثَّمَرِ الرَّطْبِ، ⦗٣٩٤⦘\n\n١٧١٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالثَّمَرُ اسْمٌ جَاءَ مَعَ الرَّطْبِ مِنَ الثَّمَرِ وَالْيَابِسِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ وَغَيْرِهِ، فَيَسْقُطُ الْقَطْعُ عَنْ مَنْ سَرَقَ تَمْرًا فِي بَيْتٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَجَابَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِينَ قَالَ: «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ، وَلَا كَثَرٍ» عَلَى مَا يُسْأَلُ عَنْهُ وَكَانَ حِيطَانُ الْمَدِينَةِ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا خَظَّارٌ لِأَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: «فَإِذَا أَوَاهُ الْجَرِينُ، وَالْمُرَاحُ، فَفِيهِ الْقَطْعُ»، وَاحْتُجَّ بِحَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ فِي الْأُتْرُجَّةِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"12","page":393},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1168>السِّنُّ الَّتِي إِذَا بَلَغَهَا الرَّجُلُ أَوِ الْمَرْأَةُ أُقِيمَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْحُدُودُ</span>","vol":"12","page":395},{"text":"١٧١٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: \" عُرِضْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَامَ أُحُدٍ، وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ فَرَدَّنِي، وَعُرِضْتُ عَلَيْهِ عَامَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ، فَأَجَازَنِي، قَالَ: قَالَ نَافِعٌ: فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ، هَذَا فَرْقُ مَا بَيْنَ الذُّرِّيَّةِ وَالْمُقَاتِلَةِ. ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ أَنْ يَفْرِضُوا لِابْنِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فِي الْمُقَاتِلَةِ، وَلِابْنِ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ فِي الذُّرِّيَّةِ، قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَيَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ،\n\n١٧١٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَبِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ نَأْخُذُ. . .، فَذَكَرَ آيَةَ الْإِيلَاءِ\n\n١٧١٤٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ فِي مَجْنُونَةٍ زَنَتْ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ ﵁: أَمَا تَذْكُرُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: عَنِ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ، وَعَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ، وَعَنِ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يُفِيقَ \" قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا فَخَلَّى عَنْهَا \"","vol":"12","page":396},{"text":"١٧١٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، أُتِيَ بِصَبِيٍّ قَدْ سَرَقَ بَيْضَةً، فَشَكَّ فِي احْتِلَامِهِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ، فَقُطِعَتْ بُطُونُ أَنَامِلِهِ \"،\n\n١٧١٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا، وَلَا أَحَدٍ عَلِمْتُهُ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا، يَقُولُونَ: لَيْسَ عَلَى الصَّبِيِّ حَدٌّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ، أَوْ يَبْلُغَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ،\n\n١٧١٤٨ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ نَظَرٌ","vol":"12","page":397},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1169>مَا يَكُونُ حِرْزًا وَمَا لَا يَكُونَ</span>","vol":"12","page":398},{"text":"١٧١٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ، قِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ لَمْ يُهَاجِرْ هَلَكَ، فَقَدِمَ صَفْوَانُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَنَامَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مُتَوَسِّدًا رِدَاءَهُ، فَجَاءَ سَارِقٌ، فَأَخَذَ رِدَاءَهُ مِنْ تَحْتِ رَأْسِهِ، فَأَخَذَ صَفْوَانُ السَّارِقَ فَجَاءَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ هَذَا، هُوَ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَهَلَّا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَنِيَ بِهِ»،\n\n١٧١٥٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٧١٥١ - وَكَّدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَحَدَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ بِالْآخَرِ،\n\n١٧١٥٢ - وَرُوِي مِنَ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ","vol":"12","page":399},{"text":"١٧١٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، أَنَّ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ وَلَا كَثَرَ»،\n\n١٧١٥٤ - هَكَذَا وَقَعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَطْعِ فِي السَّرِقَةِ، وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ مِنَ الْكَاتِبِ، وَالصَّوَابُ مَا نَقَلْنَاهُ مَنْقُولًا عَنْ كِتَابِ الْحُدُودِ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ،\n\n١٧١٥٥ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ أَنَّهُ مُرْسَلٌ يَعْنِي بَيْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَرَافِعٍ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n١٧١٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ وَاسِعِ بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٧١٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ. . .، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مَوْصُولًا فِي جَمْعِ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ أَحَادِيثَ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١٧١٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ وَجَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، مُرْسَلًا دُونَ ذِكْرِ وَاسِعِ بْنِ حَبَّانَ،\n\n١٧١٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عِيسَى، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، أَنَّ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ، مُخْتَصَرًا مَوْصُولًا،\n\n١٧١٦٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، بِطُولِهِ عَلَى الصِّحَّةِ","vol":"12","page":400},{"text":"١٧١٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ ⦗٤٠١⦘ حَبَّانَ، أَنَّ عَبْدًا سَرَقَ وَدْيًا مِنْ حَائِطِ رَجُلٍ فَغَرَسَهُ فِي حَائِطِ سَيِّدِهِ، فَجَاءَ صَاحِبُ الْوَدِيِّ يَلْتَمِسُ وَدِيَّهُ، فَوَجَدَهُ، فَاسْتَعْدَى عَلَى الْعَبْدِ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، فَسَجَنَ الْعَبْدَ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ يَدَهُ، فَانْطَلَقَ سَيِّدُ الْعَبْدِ إِلَى رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ وَلَا كَثَرٍ»، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: فَإِنَّ مَرْوَانَ أَخَذَ غُلَامِي، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ قَطْعَ يَدِهِ، وَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَمْشِيَ مَعِي إِلَيْهِ فَتُخْبِرَهُ بِالَّذِي سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَمَشَى مَعَهُ رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ، حَتَّى أَتَى مَرْوَانَ، فَقَالَ: أَخَذْتُ غُلَامًا لِهَذَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَنْتَ صَانِعٌ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ قَطْعَ يَدِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَافِعٌ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ وَلَا كَثَرٍ»، فَأَمَرَ مَرْوَانُ بِالْعَبْدِ فَأُرْسِلَ","vol":"12","page":400},{"text":"١٧١٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ وَاسِعِ بْنِ حَبَّانَ، أَنَّ عَبْدًا سَرَقَ وَدِيًّا مِنْ ⦗٤٠٢⦘ حَائِطٍ، فَغَرَسَهُ فِي مَكَانٍ آخَرَ، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ مَرْوَانُ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْطَعَهُ، فَشَهِدَ رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَالَ:  «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ وَلَا كَثَرٍ»","vol":"12","page":401},{"text":"١٧١٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ مُعَلَّقٍ، فَإِذَا أَوَاهُ الْجَرِينُ، فَفِيهِ الْقَطْعُ»","vol":"12","page":402},{"text":"١٧١٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ قَطْعٌ إِلَّا مَا أَوَاهُ الْجَرِينُ فَمَا أُخِذَ مِنَ الْجَرِينِ، فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ، فَفِيهِ قَطْعٌ»،\n\n١٧١٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، فَانْظُرْ أَبَدًا إِلَى الْحَالِ الَّتِي يَسْرِقُ فِيهَا السَّارِقُ، فَإِذَا فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ السَّرِقَةِ، وَبَيْنَ حِرْزِهَا، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْحَدُّ عَلَيْهِ. فَإِنْ وُهِبَتِ السَّرِقَةُ لِلسَّارِقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْطَعَ قُطِعَ، ⦗٤٠٣⦘\n\n١٧١٦٦ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ صَفْوَانَ، قَالَ: وَانْظُرْ إِلَى الْمَسْرُوقِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ تَنْسُبُهُ الْعَامَّةُ إِلَى أَنَّهُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ مُحْرَزٌ فَاقْطَعْ فِيهِ، فَرِدَاءُ صَفْوَانَ كَانَ مُحْرَزًا لِاضْطِجَاعِهِ عَلَيْهِ. . . وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ","vol":"12","page":402},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1170>مَنْ سَرَقَ عَبْدًا صَغِيرًا أَوْ أَعْجَمِيًّا</span>","vol":"12","page":404},{"text":"١٧١٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يُقْطَعُ،\n\n١٧١٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ،\n\n١٧١٦٩ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَالثَّوْرِيِّ،\n\n١٧١٧٠ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ «عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَطَعَ رَجُلًا فِي غُلَامٍ سَرَقَهُ»","vol":"12","page":404},{"text":"١٧١٧١ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مَعْرُوفِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، أَنَّ \" قَوْمًا كَانُوا يَسْرِقُونَ رَقِيقَ النَّاسِ ⦗٤٠٥⦘ بِإِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَطْعٌ. قَدْ كَانَ هَذَا عَلَى عَهْدِ عُمَرَ، فَلَمْ يَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَطْعًا، فَقَالَ: هَؤُلَاءِ خَلَّابُونَ \"،\n\n١٧١٧٢ - قَالَ الْأُسْتَاذُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ: قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا عُقَلَاءَ، لِأَنَّهُ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَطَعَ رَجُلًا فِي غُلَامٍ سَرَقَهُ","vol":"12","page":404},{"text":"١٧١٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ كَانَ يَسْرِقُ الصِّبْيَانَ: فَأَمَرَ بِقَطْعِهِ \"،\n\n١٧١٧٤ - وَهَذَا لَا يَثْبُتُ، عَبْدُ اللَّهِ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ، كَثِيرُ الْخَطَأِ عَلَى هِشَامٍ،\n\n١٧١٧٥ - قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ","vol":"12","page":405},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1171>قَطْعُ الْعَبْدِ إِذَا سَرَقَ</span>","vol":"12","page":406},{"text":"١٧١٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ \" عَبْدًا لِابْنِ عُمَرَ سَرَقَ وَهُوَ آبِقٌ، فَأَرْسَلَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ لِيَقْطَعَ يَدَهُ، فَأَبَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ، أَنْ يَقْطَعَ يَدَهُ، وَقَالَ: لَا تُقْطَعُ يَدُ الْآبِقِ إِذَا سَرَقَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فِي أَيِّ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَجَدْتَ هَذَا فَأَمَرَ بِهِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ \" هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ","vol":"12","page":406},{"text":"١٧١٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زُرَيْقِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ عَبْدًا آبِقًا قَدْ سَرَقَ، فَكَتَبَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ \" أَسْمَعُ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ الْآبِقَ إِذَا سَرَقَ لَمْ يُقْطَعْ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: ﴿وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَسَبَا نَكَالًا ⦗٤٠٧⦘ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٨]، فَإِنْ بَلَغَتْ سَرِقَتُهُ رُبُعَ دِينَارٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، فَاقْطَعْهُ \"","vol":"12","page":406},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1172>النَّبَّاشُ</span>","vol":"12","page":408},{"text":"١٧١٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «لَعَنَ الْمُخْتَفِيَ، وَالْمُخْتَفِيَةَ»،\n\n١٧١٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، الْمُخْتَفِي: النَّبَّاشُ، ⦗٤٠٩⦘\n\n١٧١٨٠ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَيُقْطَعُ النَّبَّاشُ إِذَا أَخْرَجَ الْكَفَنَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْقَبْرِ لِأَنَّ هَذَا حِرْزُ مِثْلِهِ\n\n١٧١٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ،\n\n١٧١٨٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"12","page":408},{"text":"١٧١٨٣ - وَرَوَى سُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ:  «سَارِقُ أَمْوَاتِنَا كَسَارِقِ أَحْيَائِنَا»\nأَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"12","page":409},{"text":"١٧١٨٤ - وَرَوَى بِشْرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، فِي حَدِيثٍ ذَكَرَهُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «وَمَنْ نَبَشَ قَطَعْنَاهُ»","vol":"12","page":409},{"text":"١٧١٨٥ - أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ هُوَ ابْنُ سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ: وَفِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ،. فَذَكَرَهُ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَنَّ ⦗٤١٠⦘ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ حَرَّقَ حَرَقْنَاهُ» زَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: «وَمَنْ غَرَّقَ غَرَّقْنَاهُ»،\n\n١٧١٨٦ - وَفِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ بَعْضُ مَنْ يُجْهَلُ","vol":"12","page":409},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1173>بَابُ قَطْعِ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ فِي السَّرِقَةِ</span>","vol":"12","page":411},{"text":"١٧١٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي السَّارِقِ:  «إِنْ سَرَقَ فَاقْطَعُوا يَدَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ سَرَقَ فَاقْطَعُوا رِجْلَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ سَرَقَ فَاقْطَعُوا يَدَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ سَرَقَ فَاقْطَعُوا رِجْلَهُ»، ⦗٤١٢⦘\n\n١٧١٨٨ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا فِي الْجَدِيدِ، وَسَقَطَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ،\n\n١٧١٨٩ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّ أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا. . . فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٧١٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"12","page":411},{"text":"١٧١٩١ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، جِيءَ بِسَارِقٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «اقْتُلُوهُ»، فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّمَا سَرَقَ؟ قَالَ: «اقْطَعُوهُ» قَالَ: فَقُطِعَ، ثُمَّ جِيءَ بِهِ الثَّانِيَةَ، فَقَالَ: «اقْتُلُوهُ»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا سَرَقَ؟ قَالَ: «اقْطَعُوهُ»، قَالَ: فَقُطِعَ. ثُمَّ جِيءَ بِهِ الثَّالِثَةَ، فَقَالَ: «اقْتُلُوهُ» فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا سَرَقَ؟ قَالَ: «اقْطَعُوهُ» قَالَ: ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ الرَّابِعَةَ فَقَالَ: «اقْتُلُوهُ» فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا سَرَقَ، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ الْخَامِسَةَ، فَقَالَ: «اقْتُلُوهُ» قَالَ جَابِرٌ: فَانْطَلَقْنَا بِهِ، فَقَتَلْنَاهُ، ثُمَّ اجْتَرَرْنَاهُ، حَتَّى أَلْقَيْنَاهُ فِي بِئْرٍ وَرَمَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْحِجَارَةَ \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ الْهِلَالِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧١٩٢ - وَفِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ، قَالَ فِي الْمَرَّةِ الْأُولَى: «اقْطَعُوا ⦗٤١٣⦘ يَدَهُ»، وَفِي الْمَرَّةِ الثَّانِيَةِ «اقْطَعُوا رِجْلَهُ»، وَفِي الْمَرَّةِ الثَّالِثَةِ «اقْطَعُوا يَدَهُ» وَفِي الْمَرَّةِ الرَّابِعَةِ «اقْطَعُوا رِجْلَهُ»،\n\n١٧١٩٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا، وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ يُقَوِّي مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ مِنَ الْمَوْصُولِ، وَيُرَجِّحُ قَوْلَ مَنْ وَافَقَهُ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ","vol":"12","page":412},{"text":"١٧١٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَقْطَعَ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ أَتَى عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقٍ ﵁، فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ عَامِلَ الْيَمَنِ ظَلَمَهُ، وَكَانَ يُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَيَقُولُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَأَبِيكَ مَا لَيْلُكَ بِلَيْلِ سَارِقٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ فَقَدُوا حُلِيًّا لِأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ امْرَأَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَطُوفُ مَعَهُمْ وَيَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِمَنْ بَيَّتَ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ الصَّالِحَ. فَوَجَدُوا الْحُلِيَّ عِنْدَ صَائِغٍ، وَأَنَّ الْأَقْطَعَ جَاءَ بِهِ، فَاعْتَرَفَ الْأَقْطَعُ أَوْ شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَاللَّهِ لَدُعَاؤُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَشَدُّ عِنْدِي مِنْ سَرِقَتِهِ \"\n\n١٧١٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ،\n\n١٧١٩٦ - قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَفِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِثْلَهُ\n\n١٧١٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، قَالَ: \" فَأَرَادَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ رِجْلَهُ، وَيَدَعَ يَدَهُ يَسْتَطِيبُ بِهَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَتُقْطَعَنَّ يَدُهُ الْأُخْرَى، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ «⦗٤١٤⦘\n\n١٧١٩٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّ» أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ رِجْلًا بَعْدَ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: السُّنَّةُ الْيَدُ \"","vol":"12","page":413},{"text":"١٧١٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ:  «شَهِدْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَطَعَ يَدًا بَعْدَ يَدٍ وَرِجْلٍ»،\n\n١٧٢٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ قَائِلٌ: إِذَا قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ وَرِجْلُهُ، ثُمَّ سَرَقَ حُبِسَ، وَعُزِّرَ، وَلَمْ يُقْطَعْ،\n\n١٧٢٠١ - قِيلَ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَعُمَرَ يَرَاهُ، وَيُشِيرُ بِهِ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ،\n\n١٧٢٠٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَيْضًا أَنَّهُ قَطَعَ فَكَيْفَ خَالَفْتُمُوهُ؟ قَالَ: قَالَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قُلْنَا: قَدْ رَوَيْتُمْ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْقَطْعِ أَشْيَاءَ مُسْتَنْكَرَةً لَفَّقْتُمُوهَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ قَطَعَ بُطُونَ أَنَامِلِ صَبِيٍّ، وَمِنْهَا أَنَّهُ قَطَعَ الْقَدَمَ إِلَى نِصْفِ الْقَدَمِ، وَكُلُّ مَا رَوَيْتُمْ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْقَطْعِ غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ عَنْهُ عِنْدَنَا. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"12","page":414},{"text":"١٧٢٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَطَعَ مِنْ شَطْرِ الْقَدَمِ \"","vol":"12","page":414},{"text":"١٧٢٠٤ - وَفِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، كَانَ يَقْطَعُ الرِّجْلَ مِنَ الْقَدَمِ، وَيَدَعُ الْعَقِبِ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَيْهِ \"","vol":"12","page":414},{"text":"١٧٢٠٥ - وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، قَالَ: \" رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا يَسْقِي عَلَى بِئْرٍ، وَقَدْ قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ، وَتُرِكَتْ إِبْهَامُهُ. فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ قَطَعَكَ؟ فَقَالَ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ \"،\n\n١٧٢٠٦ - أَوْرَدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذِهِ الْآثَارَ إِلْزَامًا لِلْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"12","page":415},{"text":"١٧٢٠٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْطَعُ رِجْلَ السَّارِقِ مِنَ الْمَفْصِلِ،\n\n١٧٢٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ بِبَلْخٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ. . . . فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n١٧٢٠٩ - وَذَكَرَ مَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٧٢١٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَطَعَ أَيْدِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْمَفْصِلِ وَحَسَمَهَا\n\n١٧٢١١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي، حَدِيثٍ مُرْسَلٍ أَنَّ «النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَطَعَ يَدَ سَارِقٍ مِنَ الْمَفْصِلِ»، ⦗٤١٦⦘\n\n١٧٢١٢ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ","vol":"12","page":415},{"text":"١٧٢١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَطَعَ سَارِقًا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِيَدِهِ، فَعُلِّقَتْ فِي عُنُقِهِ»","vol":"12","page":416},{"text":"١٧٢١٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: \" لَمْ أَرَ السُّرَّاقَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُمْ فِي زَمَانِ عَلِيٍّ، وَلَا رَأَيْتُهُ قَطَعَ مِنْهُمُ أَحَدًا. قُلْتُ: وَكَيْفَ كَانَ يَصْنَعُ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِالشُّهُودِ أَنْ يَقْطَعُوا \"،\n\n١٧٢١٥ - وَهَذَا أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا فِيمَا خَالَفُوا عَلِيًّا، قَالُوا: إِذَا شَهِدَ الشُّهُودُ فَمَنْ شَاءَ الْحَاكِمُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَ بِقَطْعٍ قُطِعَ وَلَا يَأْمُرُ بِذَلِكَ الشُّهُودَ، وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ هَذَا، وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ أَمَرَ شَاهِدًا أَنْ يَقْطَعَ","vol":"12","page":416},{"text":"١٧٢١٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ:  «فِي حُرَّيْنِ بَاعَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ، فَقَطَعَهُمَا عَلِيٌّ جَمِيعَهَا»، ⦗٤١٧⦘\n\n١٧٢١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا،\n\n١٧٢١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لَا يَثْبُتُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ،\n\n١٧٢١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا زَنَتْ أَمَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنَ زِنَاهَا فَلْيَجْلِدْهَا»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لِيَبِيعَهَا» بَعْدَ الثَّالِثَةِ أَوِ الرَّابِعَةِ \"،\n\n١٧٢٢٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الشَّارِبِ يُجْلَدُ ثَلَاثًا أَوْ أَرْبَعًا ثُمَّ يُقْتَلُ، وَحُفِظِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ جَلَدَ الشَّارِبَ الْعَدَدَ الَّذِي قَالَ يُقْتَلُ بَعْدَهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ فَجَلَدَهُ، وَوَضَعَ الْقَتْلَ فَصَارَتْ رُخْصَتُهُ،\n\n١٧٢٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْقَتْلُ فِيمَنْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ حَدٌّ فِي شَيْءٍ أَرْبَعًا فَأَتَمَّ بِهِ الْخَامِسَةَ مَنْسُوخٌ بِمَا وَصَفْتُ. وَكَذَلِكَ بَيْعُ الْأَمَةِ بَعْدَ زِنَاهَا ثَلَاثًا أَوْ أَرْبَعًا،\n\n١٧٢٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ نَقَلْنَاهُ فِي الْأَشْرِبَةِ","vol":"12","page":416},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1174>الْإِقْرَارُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ</span>","vol":"12","page":418},{"text":"١٧٢٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: \" جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَرَقْتُ، فَطَرَدَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنِّي سَرَقْتُ، فَقَطَعَ يَدَهُ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ قَدْ شَهِدْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ \"،\n\n١٧٢٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا،\n\n١٧٢٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: خَالَفَهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدٌ، وَوَافَقَهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، وَأَنْزَلَهُ مَنْزِلَةَ الشَّهَادَةِ،\n\n١٧٢٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَا نَحْنُ أَنْ نَقُولَ: الِاعْتِرَافُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الشَّهَادَةِ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ أُنَيْسًا الْأَسْلَمِيَّ أَنْ يَغْدُوَ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ رَجَمَهَا. وَلَمْ يَقُلْ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ،\n\n١٧٢٢٧ - قَالَ: وَلَوْ كَانَ الْإِقْرَارُ يُشْبِهُ الشَّهَادَةَ كَانَ لَوْ أَقَرَّ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ بَطَلَ عَنْهُ الْحَدُّ كَمَا لَوْ رَجَعَ الشُّهُودُ عَنِ الشَّهَادَةِ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ عَادُوا فَشَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا عَنْهُ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُهُمْ وَلَوْ أَقَرَّ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، ثُمَّ أَقَرَّ قُبِلَ مِنْهُ","vol":"12","page":418},{"text":"١٧٢٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُنْذِرِ مَوْلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" أُتِيَ بِلِصٍّ قَدِ اعْتَرَفَ اعْتِرَافًا، وَلَمْ يُوجَدْ مَعَهُ مَتَاعٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا أَخَالُكَ سَرَقْتَ»، فَقَالَ: بَلَى فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُطِعَ، وَجِيءَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: «اسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَتُبْ إِلَيْهِ»، قَالَ: أسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ تُبْ عَلَيْهِ» ثَلَاثًا،\n\n١٧٢٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: قَالَهَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، لَمْ يَشُكَّ،\n\n١٧٢٣٠ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ تَأْقِيتَ الْإِقْرَارِ بِمَرَّتَيْنِ غَيْرُ مَوْجُودٍ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُفَسِّرْ إِقْرَارَهُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ","vol":"12","page":419},{"text":"١٧٢٣١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُصَيْفَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: \" أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِسَارِقٍ سَرَقَ شَمْلَةً، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا سَرَقَ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا أَخَالُهُ سَرَقَ» فَقَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ سَرَقْتُ، قَالَ: «اذْهَبُوا بِهِ فَاقْطَعُوهُ ثُمَّ احْسِمُوهُ، ثُمَّ ائْتُونِي بِهِ»، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: «تُبْ إِلَى اللَّهِ»، قَالَ: تُبْتُ إِلَى اللَّهِ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ»، ⦗٤٢٠⦘\n\n١٧٢٣٢ - وَفِي هَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ دَلَالَةً عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِالْقَطْعِ حِينَ اعْتَرَفَ عِنْدَهُ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً،\n\n١٧٢٣٣ - وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ، مِنْهُمْ مَنْ وَصَلَهُ، وَمِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَرْسَلَهُ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَرْسَلَهُ أَيْضًا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُصَيْفَةَ، وَهُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ","vol":"12","page":419},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1175>قَطْعُ الْمَمْلُوكِ بِإِقْرَارِهِ</span>","vol":"12","page":421},{"text":"١٧٢٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: خَرَجَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَمَعَهَا مَوْلَاتَانِ وَغُلَامٌ لِابْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، فَبَعَثَ مَعَ الْمَوْلَاتَيْنِ بُرْدَ مُرَجَّلٍ قَدْ خِيطَ عَلَيْهِ خِرْقَةٌ خَضْرَاءٌ، قَالَتْ: فَأَخَذَ الْغُلَامُ الْبُرْدَ، فَفَتَقَ عَنْهُ فَاسْتَخْرَجَهُ، وَجَعَلَ مَكَانَهُ لِبْدًا أَوْ فَرْوَةً وَخَاطَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَتِ الْمَوْلَاتَانِ الْمَدِينَةَ دَفَعَتَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، فَلَمَّا فَتَقُوا عَنْهُ وَجَدُوا فِيهِ اللِّبْدَ، وَلَمْ يَجِدُوا فِيهِ الْبُرْدَ، فَكَلَّمُوا الْمَوْلَاتَيْنِ، فَكَلَّمَتَا عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَاتَّهَمَتَا الْعَبْدَ. فَسُئِلَ الْعَبْدُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَاعْتَرَفَ، فَأَمَرَتْ بِهِ عَائِشَةُ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ، وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ:  «الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا»","vol":"12","page":421},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1176>بَابُ غُرْمِ السَّارِقِ</span>\n١٧٢٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الْقَطْعُ لِلَّهِ، فَلَا يُسْقِطُهُ غُرْمُهُ مَا أَتْلَفَ لِلنَّاسِ،\n\n١٧٢٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٤٢٣⦘ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «عَلَى الْيَدِ مَا أَخَذَتْ حَتَّى تُؤَدِّيَهُ» وَمَنْ حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ","vol":"12","page":422},{"text":"١٧٢٣٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا يَغْرَمُ السَّارِقُ إِذَا أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ» فَهُوَ إِنْ ثَبَتَ قُلْنَا بِهِ، لَكِنَّهُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ قَاضِي مِصْرَ، اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ هَكَذَا، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ، وَقِيلَ: الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ الْمِسْوَرِ، ⦗٤٢٤⦘\n\n١٧٢٣٨ - فَإِنْ كَانَ سَعْدٌ هَذَا هُوَ ابْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَقَدْ قَالَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ: لَا نَعْرِفُ لَهُ فِي التَّوَارِيخِ أَخًا مَعْرُوفًا بِالرِّوَايَةِ يُقَالُ لَهُ «الْمِسْوَرُ»، وَكَانَ غَيْرَهُ فَلَا نَعْرِفُهُ وَلَا نَعْرِفُ أَخَاهُ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ،\n\n١٧٢٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ وَجَدْتُ حَدِيثًا لِسَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا الِانْتِسَابُ صَحِيحًا وَثَبَتَ كَوْنُ الْمِسْوَرِ، لِسَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخًا، فَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ لَهُ سَمَاعٌ مِنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَلَا رُؤْيَةٌ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ صَبِيًّا صَغِيرًا وَمَاتَ أَبُوهُ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ، فَإِنَّمَا كَانَ أَدْرَكَ أَوْلَادَهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِيهِ، إِنَّمَا رِوَايَةُ ابْنَيْهِ الْمَعْرُوفِينَ: صَالِحٍ، وَسَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَهَذَا الَّذِي عَرَفْنَاهُ بِحَفَدَتِهِ، وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ لَا يُعْرَفُ لَهُ رُؤْيَةٌ وَلَا رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَلَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، فَهُوَ مَعَ الْجَهَالَةِ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَبِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ لَا تُتْرَكُ أَمْوَالُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَذْهَبُ بَاطِلًا، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ،\n\n١٧٢٤٠ - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَلَا يَثْبُتُ خَبَرُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ","vol":"12","page":423},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1177>مَا جَاءَ فِي تَضْعِيفِ الْغَرَامَةِ</span>","vol":"12","page":425},{"text":"١٧٢٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي  «الْمَاشِيَةِ فِيمَا أَوَاهُ الْمُرَاحُ، وَالثَّمَرُ الْمُعَلَّقُ فِيمَا أَوَاهُ الْجَرِينُ فَمَا أُخِذَ مِنْهُ، فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ، فَفِيهِ الْقَطْعُ، وَمَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ فَفِيهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ وَجَلَدَاتٌ نَكَالًا»","vol":"12","page":425},{"text":"١٧٢٤٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ، أَنَّ \" رُفَقَاءَ لِحَاطِبٍ سَرَقُوا نَاقَةً لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ، فَانْتَحَرُوهَا، فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَأَمَرَ كَثِيرَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ أَنْ تُقْطَعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ عُمَرُ: إِنِّي أَرَاكَ تُجِيعَهُمْ واللَّهِ لَأُغَرِّمَنَّكَ غُرْمًا يَشُقُّ عَلَيْكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمُزَنِيِّ: كَمْ ثَمَنُ نَاقَتِكَ؟ قَالَ: أَرْبَعُ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: أَعْطِهِ ثَمَانِيَ مِائَةٍ دِرْهَمٍ \"،\n\n١٧٢٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي كِتَابِهِ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَمَلُ فِي شَيْءٍ،\n\n١٧٢٤٤ - أَوْرَدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلْزَامًا لِمَالِكٍ فِيمَا تَرَكَ مِنْ قَوْلِ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ ⦗٤٢٦⦘\n\n١٧٢٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا تُضَعَّفُ الْغَرَامَةُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فِي شَيْءٍ إِنَّمَا الْعُقُوبَةُ فِي الْأَبْدَانِ لَا فِي الْأَمْوَالِ، وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَا تَضْعِيفَ الْغَرَامَةِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَضَى فِيمَا أَفْسَدَتْ نَاقَةُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ أَنَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ حِفْظَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَمَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْمَوَاشِي بِاللَّيْلِ، فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا»،\n\n١٧٢٤٦ - قَالَ: فَإِنَّمَا يَضْمَنُونَهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ لَا بِقِيمَتَيْنِ، وَلَا نَقْبَلُ قَوْلَ الْمُدَّعِي لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"12","page":425},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1178>مَا لَا قَطْعَ فِيهِ</span>","vol":"12","page":427},{"text":"١٧٢٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ أُتِيَ بِإِنْسَانٍ قَدِ اخْتَلَسَ مَتَاعًا، فَأَرَادَ قَطْعَ يَدِهِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: «لَيْسَ فِي الْخُلْسَةِ قَطْعٌ»،\n\n١٧٢٤٨ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي الْخُلْسَةِ قَطْعٌ،\n\n١٧٢٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَذَلِكَ مَنِ اسْتَعَارَ مَتَاعًا فَجَحَدَهُ، أَوْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَدِيعَةٌ، فَجَحَدَهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا قَطْعٌ، وَإِنَّمَا الْقَطْعُ عَلَى مِنْ أَخْرَجَ مَتَاعًا مِنْ حِرْزٍ بِغَيْرِ شُبْهَةٍ","vol":"12","page":428},{"text":"١٧٢٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُخْتَلِسِ، وَلَا عَلَى الْمُنْتَهِبِ، وَلَا عَلَى الْخَائِنِ قَطْعٌ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ بُرْهَانَ الْغَزَّالُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عِيسَى بْنُ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ. فَذَكَرَهُ، ⦗٤٢٩⦘\n\n١٧٢٥١ - وَذَكَرَ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ يَاسِينٍ الزَّيَّاتِ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ","vol":"12","page":428},{"text":"١٧٢٥٣ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَى مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ:  «كَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مَخْزُومِيَّةً تَسْتَعِيرُ الْمَتَاعَ، وَتَجْحَدُهُ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِقَطْعِ يَدِهَا»\n\n١٧٢٥٤ - فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ «قُرَيْشًا، أَهَمَّهُمْ شَأْنُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَخْزُومِيَّةِ الَّتِي سَرَقَتْ»، ⦗٤٣٠⦘\n\n١٧٢٥٥ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n١٧٢٥٦ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ،\n\n١٧٢٥٧ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَهُ مَسْعُودُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٧٢٥٨ - وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَايْمُ اللَّهِ، لَوْ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ سَرَقَتْ لَقَطَعْتُ يَدَهَا»، وَفِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَخْزُومِيَّةَ كَانَتْ سَرَقَتْ، وَكَأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ قَدِ اشْتَهَرَتْ بِاسْتَعَارَةِ الْمَتَاعِ، وَجُحُودِهَا، ثُمَّ سَرَقَتْ فَعُرِفَتْ بِمَا اشْتَهَرَتْ، وَالْقَطْعُ مُعَلَّقٌ بِالسَّرِقَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٧٢٥٩ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي يُرْوَى عَنْ نَافِعٍ، فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ كَمَا رَوَى مَعْمَرٌ، مُخْتَلِفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى نَافِعٍ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَوْ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ،\n\n١٧٢٦٠ - وَحَدِيثُ اللَّيْثِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَوْلَى بِالصِّحَّةِ لِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ مُوَافَقَتِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":429},{"text":"١٧٢٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْوَهْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُكَانَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهَا مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا سَرَقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ تِلْكَ الْقَطِيفَةَ مِنْ بَيْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْظَمْنَا ذَلِكَ وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَجِئْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَلَّمْنَاهُ، قُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَحْنُ نَفْدِيهَا بِأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، قَالَ: «تُطَهَّرُ خَيْرٌ لَهَا». فَلَمَّا سَمِعْنَا لِينَ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَيْنَا أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ فَقُلْنَا: اشْفَعْ لَنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شَأْنِ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ نَحْنُ نَفْدِيهَا بِأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جِدَّ النَّاسِ فِي ذَلِكَ قَامَ فِينَا خَطِيبًا، فَقَالَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَا إِكْثَارُكُمْ فِي حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ وَقَعَ عَلَى أَمَةٍ مِنَ إِمَاءِ اللَّهِ؟ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَوْ كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ نَزَلَتْ بِالَّذِي نَزَلَتْ بِهِ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَقَطَعَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَدَهَا، فَأَيِسَ النَّاسُ فَقَطَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهَا»،\n\n١٧٢٦٢ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: فَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَرْحَمُهَا، وَيَصِلُهَا","vol":"12","page":431},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1179>الْعَبْدُ يَسْرِقُ مِنْ مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ أَوْ مِنْ مَالِ امْرَأَةِ سَيِّدِهِ</span>","vol":"12","page":432},{"text":"١٧٢٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، جَاءَ بِغُلَامٍ لَهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اقْطَعْ يَدَ هَذَا فَإِنَّهُ سَرَقَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: مَاذَا سَرَقَ؟ قَالَ: سَرَقَ مَرْآةً لِامْرَأَتِي ثَمَنُهَا سِتُّونَ دِرْهَمًا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَرْسِلْهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَطْعٌ خَادِمُكُمْ سَرَقَ مَتَاعَكُمْ \"،\n\n١٧٢٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَقَدْ قَالَ صَاحِبُنَا - يَعْنِي مَالِكًا -: إِذَا سَرَقَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، أَوِ الْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا مِنَ الْبَيْتِ هُمَا فِيهِ لَمْ يُقْطَعْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا. وَإِنْ سَرَقَ غُلَامُهُ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، أَوْ غُلَامُهَا مِنْهُ وَهُوَ يَخْدُمُهُمَا لَمْ يُقْطَعْ لِأَنَّ هَذِهِ خِيَانَةٌ، ⦗٤٣٣⦘\n\n١٧٢٦٥ - فَإِذَا سَرَقَ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، أَوْ هِيَ مِنْهُ، مِنْ بَيْتِ مُحْرَزٍ فِيهِ لَا يَسْكُنَانِهِ مَعًا، أَوْ سَرَقَ عَبْدُهَا مِنْهُ، أَوْ عَبْدُهُ مِنْهَا، وَلَيْسَ بِالَّذِي يَلِي خِدْمَتَهَا قُطِعَ أَيُّ هَؤُلَاءِ سَرَقَ،\n\n١٧٢٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مَذْهَبٌ وَأُرَاهُ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ قَوْلَ عُمَرَ: «خَادِمُكُمْ» أَيِ الَّذِي يَلِي خِدْمَتَكُمْ، وَلَكِنَّ قَوْلَ عُمَرَ «خَادِمُكُمْ» يَحْتَمِلُ عَبْدَكُمْ،\n\n١٧٢٦٧ - فَأَرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. عَلَى الِاحْتِيَاطِ: أَنْ لَا يُقْطَعَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ، وَلَا الْمَرْأَةُ لِزَوْجِهَا، وَلَا عَبْدٌ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا سَرَقَ مِنْ مَتَاعِ الْآخَرِ شَيْئًا لِلْأَثَرِ وَالشُّبْهَةِ فِيهِ،\n\n١٧٢٦٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَسْرِقُ مَتَاعَ أَبِيهِ أَوْ أُمِّهِ أَوْ أَجْدَادِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِهِمَا، أَوْ مَتَاعَ وَلَدِهِ وَوَلَدِ وَلَدِهِ لَا يُقْطَعُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا","vol":"12","page":432},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1180>الرَّجُلُ يَسْرِقُ مِنْ مَالٍ لَهُ فِيهِ شِرْكٌ</span>","vol":"12","page":434},{"text":"١٧٢٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا حُكِيَ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ مَشَايِخِنَا عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ عَبْدًا مِنَ الْحَبَشِ سَرَقَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ فَلَمْ يَقْطَعْهُ، وَقَالَ:  «مَالُ اللَّهِ بَعْضُهُ فِي بَعْضٍ»","vol":"12","page":434},{"text":"١٧٢٧٠ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَشْيَاخِنَا، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ الْأَبْرَصِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَرَقَ مِغْفَرًا مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ، فَلَمْ يَقْطَعْهُ \"\n\n١٧٢٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَحْرَارٍ بِالسُّهْمَانِ، وَرَضَخَ ⦗٤٣٥⦘ لِلْعَبِيدِ، فَإِذَا سَرَقَ أَحَدٌ حَضَرَ الْمَغْنَمَ شَيْئًا لَمْ أَرَ عَلَيْهِ قَطْعًا، لِأَنَّ الشِّرْكَ بِالْكَثِيرِ وَالْقَلِيلِ سَوَاءٌ \"\n\n١٧٢٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ عَلَى مَنْ سَرَقَ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ قَطْعٌ","vol":"12","page":434},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1181>بَابُ قُطَّاعِ الطَّرِيقِ </span>⦗٤٣٧⦘\n١٧٢٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: \" ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا، أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا، أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٣] \"","vol":"12","page":436},{"text":"١٧٢٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى التَّوْءَمَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي \" قُطَّاعِ الطَّرِيقِ إِذَا قَتَلُوا، وَأَخَذُوا الْمَالَ: قُتِّلُوا وَصُلِّبُوا، وَإِذَا قَتَلُوا وَلَمْ يَأْخُذُوا الْمَالَ: قُتِّلُوا وَلَمْ يُصَلَّبُوا، وَإِذَا أَخَذُوا الْمَالَ وَلَمْ يَقْتُلُوا قُطِعَتْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ وَإِذَا أَخَافُوا السَّبِيلَ، وَلَمْ يَأْخُذُوا مَالًا: نُفُوا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ \"، ⦗٤٣٨⦘\n\n١٧٢٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ مَعْنَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿،\n\n١٧٢٧٦ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْحُدُودَ إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِيمَنْ أَسْلَمَ، فَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الشِّرْكِ، فَلَا حُدُودَ فِيهِمْ إِلَّا الْقَتْلُ، أَوِ السَّبْيُ، أَوِ الْجِزْيَةُ،\n\n١٧٢٧٧ - قَالَ: وَاخْتِلَافُ حُدُودِهِمْ بِاخْتِلَافِ أَفْعَالِهِمْ عَلَى مَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ،\n\n١٧٢٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَيْسَ لِأَوْلِيَاءِ الَّذِينَ قَتَلَهُمْ قُطَّاعَ الطَّرِيقِ عَفُوٌّ، وَكَانَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُمْ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِالْآيَةِ،\n\n١٧٢٧٩ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ،\n\n١٧٢٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَفْيُهُمْ أَنْ يُطْلَبُوا فَيُنْفَوْا مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ، فَإِذَا ظَفِرَ بِهِمْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحَدُّ، أَيُّ هَذِهِ الْحُدُودِ كَانَ حَدَّهُمْ،\n\n١٧٢٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٤]، فَمَنْ تَابَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْدَرَ عَلَيْهِ سَقَطَ حَدُّ اللَّهِ، وَأُخِذَ حُقُوقُ بَنِي آدَمَ،\n\n١٧٢٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الشَّهَادَةِ: فَأَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ بِمَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْحَدِّ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَتُوبُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُقْدَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ،\n\n١٧٢٨٣ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدَّ الزِّنَا وَالسَّرِقَةَ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ فِيمَ اسْتَثْنَى، فَاحْتَمَلَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ إِلَّا حَيْثُ جُعِلَ فِي الْمُحَارِبِ خَاصَّةً، وَاحْتُمِلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ كُلُّ حَدٍّ لِلَّهِ، فَتَابَ صَاحِبُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْدَرَ عَلَيْهِ سَقَطَ عَنْهُ، ⦗٤٣٩⦘\n\n١٧٢٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ﵄ فِي قَبُولِ تَوْبَةِ الْمُحَارِبِ،\n\n١٧٢٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ فِي سَوَادِ الصُّبْحِ، وَهِيَ تَعَمَدُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، ثُمَّ فَرَّ، وَأُخِذَ مَنِ اسْتَغَاثَتْ بِهِ، فَلَمَّا أُمِرَ بِهِ قَامَ صَاحِبُهَا الَّذِي وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: لَا تَرْجُمُوهُ وَارْجُمُونِي أَنَا الَّذِي فَعَلْتُ بِهَا. . . فَاعْتَرَفَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْمَرْأَةِ: «أَمَا أَنْتِ فَقَدْ غُفِرَ لَكِ» وَقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي أُخِذَ قَوْلًا حَسَنًا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: ارْجُمِ الَّذِي اعْتَرَفَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ تَابَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَوْبَةً لَوْ تَابَهَا أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ لَقُبِلَ مِنْهُمْ»، فَأَرْسَلَهُمْ،\n\n١٧٢٨٦ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ وَإِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنٌ،\n\n١٧٢٨٧ - وَمِثْلُ هَذَا قَدْ وُجِدَ مِنْ مَاعِزٍ، وَالْجُهَيْنِيَّةِ، وَالْغَامِدِيَّةِ، وَجَعَلَ تَوْبَتَهُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ، وَأَمَرَ بِرَجْمِهِمْ، وَقَوْلُهُ فِي مَاعِزٍ: «هَلَّا تَرَكْتُمُوهُ» يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ لَعَلَّهُ يَرْجِعُ، فَيُقْبَلُ رُجُوعُهُ عَنِ الْإِقْرَارِ فِيمَا كَانَ حَدًّا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"12","page":437},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1182>٣٤ - كتاب الأشربة</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1183>كِتَابُ الْأَشْرِبَةِ وَالْحَدِّ فِيهَا</span>","vol":"13","page":7},{"text":"١٧٢٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَيْسَرَةَ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ قَالَ عُمَرُ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا»، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٩] الَّتِي فِي سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، فَدُعِيَ عُمَرُ فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا»، فَنَزَلَتِ الَّتِي فِي النِّسَاءِ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]، فَدُعِيَ عُمَرُ فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ، فَنَزَلَتِ الَّتِي فِي الْمَائِدَةِ، فَدُعِيَ عُمَرُ فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ﴿فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٩١] قَالَ عُمَرُ: قَدِ انْتَهَيْنَا \" ⦗٨⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"13","page":7},{"text":"١٧٢٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَسْقِي أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَأَبَا طَلْحَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَأُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ شَرَابًا مِنْ فَضِيخٍ وَتَمْرٍ، فَجَاءَهُمْ آتٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْخَمْرَ قَدْ حُرِّمَتْ، فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ: يَا أَنَسُ، قُمْ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْجِرَارِ فَاكْسِرْهَا قَالَ أَنَسٌ: «فَقُمْتُ إِلَى مِهْرَاسٍ لَنَا فَضَرَبْتُهَا بِأَسْفَلِهِ حَتَّى تَكَسَّرَتْ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"13","page":8},{"text":"١٧٢٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَعْلَةَ الْمِصْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَمَّا يُعْصَرُ مِنَ الْعِنَبِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَهْدَى رَجُلٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَاوِيَةَ خَمْرٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ⦗٩⦘ حَرَّمَهَا؟» فَقَالَ: لَا، فَسَارَّ إِنْسَانًا إِلَى جَنْبِهِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ سَارَرْتَهُ فَقَالَ: أَمَرْتُهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الَّذِي حَرَّمَ شُرْبَهَا حَرَّمَ ثَمَنَهَا»، فَفَتَحَ الْمَزَادَتَيْنِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ مَا فِيهِمَا أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"13","page":8},{"text":"١٧٢٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: بَلَغَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا بَاعَ خَمْرًا، فَقَالَ: قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ فُلَانًا بَاعَ الْخَمْرَ، أَمَا عَلِمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ، حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ فَجَمَّلُوهَا فَبَاعُوهَا» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":9},{"text":"١٧٢٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ قَالُوا لَهُ: إِنَّا نَبْتَاعُ مِنْ تَمْرِ النَّخْلِ وَالْعِنَبِ فَنَعْصِرُهُ خَمْرًا فَنَبِيعُهَا، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «إِنِّي أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَلَائِكَتَهُ وَمَنْ سَمِعَ مِنَ ⦗١٠⦘ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ أَنِّي لَا آمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَبِيعُوهَا، وَلَا تَبْتَاعُوهَا، وَلَا تَعْصِرُوهَا، وَلَا تُعَتِّقُوهَا، فَإِنَّهَا رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ»","vol":"13","page":9},{"text":"١٧٢٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُبْ مِنْهَا حُرِمَهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"13","page":10},{"text":"١٧٢٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْمَاسَرْجِسِيُّ فِيمَا أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا إِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٣] قَالَ: ﴿اتَّقَوْا﴾ [الأنعام: ٩٣]: «لَمْ يَقْرَبُوا مَا حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ»\n\n١٧٢٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ أُنْزِلَتْ عُذْرًا لِلْمَاضِينَ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَقُوا اللَّهَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُحَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَمْرُ، وَحُجَّةً عَلَى الْبَاقِينَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ ⦗١١⦘: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٠]، فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ نَهَى أَنْ تُشْرَبَ الْخَمْرُ \"\n\n١٧٢٩٦ - وَفِي هَذَا بَيَانُ مَا قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَقَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَعَمُّ لِعُمُومِ الْآيَةِ","vol":"13","page":10},{"text":"١٧٢٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِخْتَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الْعَتَكِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتٌ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ سَاقِيَ - يَعْنِي الْقَوْمَ - يَوْمَ حُرِّمَتِ الْخَمْرُ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَمَا شَرَابُهُمْ إِلَّا الْفَضِيخُ الْبُسْرُ وَالتَّمْرُ، فَإِذَا مُنَادٍ يُنَادِي: \" إِنَّ الْخَمْرَ قَدْ حُرِّمَتْ قَالَ: فَجَرَتْ فِي سِكَكِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ: اخْرُجْ فَأَهْرِقْهَا، فَقَالُوا - أَوْ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: قُتِلَ فُلَانٌ، قُتِلَ فُلَانٌ وَهِيَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ قَالَ: أَنَا لَا أَدْرِي مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٣] \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي النُّعْمَانِ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ.\n\n١٧٢٩٨ - وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ رَفَعَ الْجُنَاحَ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا قَبْلَ التَّحْرِيمِ إِذَا اتَّقَوْا شُرْبَهَا بَعْدَ التَّحْرِيمِ\n\n١٧٢٩٩ - وَرُوِيَ سَبَبُ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَيْضًا فِي حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ","vol":"13","page":11},{"text":"١٧٢٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ ⦗١٢⦘ الْخَمْرِ قَالُوا: كَيْفَ بِمَنْ كَانَ يَشْرَبُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُحَرَّمَ؟ فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٣] \"\n\n١٧٣٠٠ - تَابَعَهُ وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"13","page":11},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1184>بَابُ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ</span>","vol":"13","page":13},{"text":"١٧٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كُلُّ شَرَابٍ أَسْكَرَ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":14},{"text":"١٧٣٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْبِتْعِ، فَقَالَ: «كُلُّ شَرَابٍ أَسْكَرَ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٧٣٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ⦗١٥⦘ عَنِ الْبِتْعِ وَهُوَ مِنَ الْعَسَلِ، وَعَنِ الْمِزْرِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الذُّرَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَهُمَا يُسْكِرَانِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «كُلُّ سُكْرٍ حَرَامٌ»\n\n١٧٣٠٤ - وَهُوَ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَسْقِي شَرَابًا مِنْ فَضِيخٍ وَتَمْرٍ\n\n١٧٣٠٥ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْنَا الْخَمْرُ وَمَا نَجِدُ خُمُورَ الْأَعْنَابِ إِلَّا الْقَلِيلَ، وَعَامَّةُ خَمْرِهِمُ الْبُسْرُ وَالتَّمْرُ»\n\n١٧٣٠٦ - وَفِي كِتَابِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ: عَنْ أَبِي حَرِيزٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ الْخَمْرَ مِنَ الْعَصِيرِ، وَالزَّبِيبِ، وَالتَّمْرِ، وَالْحِنْطَةِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالذُّرَةِ، وَإِنِّي أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ»","vol":"13","page":14},{"text":"١٧٣٠٧ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: \" إِنَّ الْخَمْرَ نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُهَا يَوْمَ نَزَلَ وَهِيَ مِنْ خَمْسَةٍ: مِنَ الْعِنَبِ، وَالتَّمْرِ، وَالْعَسَلِ، وَالْحِنْطَةِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالْخَمْرُ مَا خَامَرَ الْعَقْلَ \" وَثَلَاثٌ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يُفَارِقْنَا حَتَّى يَعْهَدَ إِلَيْنَا عَهْدًا نَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ: الْجَدُّ، وَالْكَلَالَةُ، وَأَبْوَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الرِّبَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا، فَذَكَرَهُ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ\n\n١٧٣٠٨ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" الْخَمْرُ مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ الشَّجَرَتَيْنِ: النَّخْلَةِ، وَالْعِنَبَةِ \" فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ: هَذَا مُخَالِفٌ لِمَا تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ، إِنَّمَا مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّ مُعْظَمَ مَا نَجِدُ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَ النَّخْلَةِ وَالْعِنَبَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ قَدْ تُتَّخَذُ أَيْضًا مِنْ غَيْرِهِمَا، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ بَابِ التَّأْكِيدِ لِتَحْرِيمِ مَا يُتَّخَذُ مِنْهُمَا لِضَرَاوَتِهِ وَشِدَّةِ سَوْرَتِهِ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: الشِّبَعُ فِي اللَّحْمِ، وَالدِّفْءُ فِي الْوَبَرِ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ نَفْيُ الشِّبَعِ عَنْ غَيْرِ اللَّحْمِ، وَلَا نَفْيُ الدِّفْءِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الْوَبَرِ، وَلَكِنْ فِيهِ التَّوْكِيدُ لِأَمْرِهِمَا، وَالتَّقْدِيمُ لَهُمَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِمَا فِي نَفْسِ ذَلِكَ الْمَعْنَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":16},{"text":"١٧٣٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا وَهْبٍ الْجَيْشَانِيَّ، سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْبِتْعِ، فَقَالَ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ»\n\n١٧٣١٠ - كَذَا وَقَعَ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: عَنِ الْبِتْعِ وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الْمِزْرِ قَالَ: «وَمَا الْمِزْرُ؟» قَالَ: شَيْءٌ يُصْنَعُ مِنَ الْحَبِّ، فَقَالَ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ»\n\n١٧٣١١ - وَهُوَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"13","page":17},{"text":"١٧٣١٢ - وَهُوَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَدِمَ مِنْ جَيْشَانَ - وَجَيْشَانُ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ - فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ شَرَابٍ يَشْرَبُونَهُ بِأَرْضِهِمْ مِنَ الذُّرَةِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْمِزْرُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَوَ مُسْكِرٌ هُوَ؟» قَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَهِدَ لِمَنْ يَشْرَبُ الْمُسْكِرَ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ الْخَبَالِ»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَمَا طِينَةُ الْخَبَالِ؟ قَالَ: «عَرَقُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، أَوْ عُصَارَةُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَارَةُ بْنُ غَزِيَّةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗١٨⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ","vol":"13","page":17},{"text":"١٧٣١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْجُوَيْرِيَةِ الْجَرْمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: إِنِّي لَأَوَّلُ الْعَرَبِ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَهُوَ مُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْبَاذَقِ، فَقَالَ: «سَبَقَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ الْبَاذَقَ، وَمَا أَسْكَرَ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ»\n\n١٧٣١٤ - تَابَعَهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجُوَيْرِيَةِ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ","vol":"13","page":18},{"text":"١٧٣١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْغُبَيْرَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا خَيْرَ فِيهَا» وَنَهَى عَنْهَا\n\n١٧٣١٦ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ: هِيَ السَّكَرُ،\n\n١٧٣١٧ - هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ ⦗١٩⦘\n\n١٧٣١٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثٍ مَوْصُولٍ عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ، أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّ لَنَا شَرَابًا نَصْنَعُهُ مِنَ الْقَمْحِ وَالشَّعِيرِ؟ فَقَالَ: «الْغُبَيْرَاءُ؟» قَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «لَا تَطْعَمُوهُ»","vol":"13","page":18},{"text":"١٧٣١٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ مَرْثَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْيَزَنِيِّ، عَنْ دَيْلَمٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا بِأَرْضٍ بَارِدَةٍ نُعَالِجُ بِهَا عَمَلًا شَدِيدًا، وَإِنَّا نَتَّخِذُ شَرَابًا مِنْ هَذَا الْقَمْحِ نَتَقَوَّى بِهِ عَلَى أَعْمَالِنَا وَعَلَى بَرْدِ بِلَادِنَا؟ قَالَ: «هَلْ يُسْكِرُ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ»، قُلْتُ: فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ غَيْرُ تَارِكِيهِ؟ قَالَ: «فَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكُوهُ قَاتِلُوهُمْ»\n\n١٧٣٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ فِي شَرَابِ الْقَمْحِ: «فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ» وَذَلِكَ يَتَنَاوَلُ الْقَلِيلَ وَالْكَثِيرَ\n\n١٧٣٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فِي الْخَمْرِ: ﴿فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٠] وَتِلْكَ الْأَخْبَارُ كُلُّهَا تَدُلُّ عَلَى مَنْعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ شُرْبِ الْمُسْكِرِ، وَذَلِكَ يَتَنَاوَلُ الْقَلِيلَ وَالْكَثِيرَ، وَقَدْ سَمَّوْهُ خَمْرًا فَهُوَ دَاخِلٌ تَحْتَ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٠] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٠]","vol":"13","page":19},{"text":"١٧٣٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٢٠⦘ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ، وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ \"\n\n١٧٣٢٣ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ مَوْقُوفًا فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَرَوَاهُ رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"13","page":19},{"text":"١٧٣٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ، وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ»","vol":"13","page":20},{"text":"١٧٣٢٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ، وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ رَوْحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"13","page":20},{"text":"١٧٣٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ وَاقِدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، وَعَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ، أَخْبَرَاهُ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، حِينَ قَدِمَ الشَّامَ شَكَى إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ وَبَاءَ الْأَرْضِ وَثِقَلَهَا وَقَالُوا: لَا يُصْلِحُنَا إِلَّا هَذَا الشَّرَابُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: اشْرَبُوا الْعَسَلَ، فَقَالُوا: لَا يُصْلِحُنَا الْعَسَلُ، فَقَالَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ: هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ نَجْعَلَ لَكَ مِنْ هَذَا الشَّرَابِ شَيْئًا لَا يُسْكِرُ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَطَبَخُوهُ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ مِنْهُ الثُّلُثَانِ وَبَقِيَ الثُّلُثُ، فَأَتَوْا بِهِ عُمَرَ فَأَدْخَلَ عُمَرُ فِيهِ إِصْبَعَهُ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَهُ فَتَبِعَهَا يَتَمَطَّطُ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا الطِّلَاءُ، هَذَا مِثْلُ طِلَاءِ الْإِبِلِ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ عُمَرُ أَنْ يَشْرَبُوهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ: أَحْلَلْتَهَا وَاللَّهِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ لَهُمْ شَيْئًا حَرَّمْتَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا أُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا أَحْلَلْتَهُ لَهُمْ»","vol":"13","page":21},{"text":"١٧٣٢٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ رِيحَ شَرَابٍ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ شَرَابُ الطِّلَاءِ، وَأَنَا سَائِلٌ عَمَّا شَرِبَ فَإِنْ كَانَ يُسْكِرُ جَلَدْتُهُ» فَجَلَدَهُ عُمَرُ الْحَدَّ تَامًّا","vol":"13","page":21},{"text":"١٧٣٢٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، خَرَجَ فَصَلَّى عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ فَسَمِعَهُ السَّائِبُ، يَقُولُ: «إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ مِنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ رِيحَ شَرَابٍ، وَأَنَا سَائِلٌ عَمَّا شَرِبُوا، فَإِنْ كَانَ مُسْكِرًا حَدَدْتُهُمْ»\n\n١٧٣٢٩ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّهُ حَضَرَهُ يَحُدُّهُمْ","vol":"13","page":22},{"text":"١٧٣٣٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قَالَ: «لَا أُوتَى بِأَحَدٍ شَرِبَ خَمْرًا، وَلَا نَبِيذًا مُسْكِرًا إِلَّا جَلَدْتُهُ الْحَدَّ»","vol":"13","page":22},{"text":"١٧٣٣١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ: «إِنْ يُجْلَدْ قُدَامَةُ الْيَوْمَ فَلَنْ يُتْرَكَ أَحَدٌ بَعْدَهُ، وَكَانَ قُدَامَةُ بَدْرِيًّا»","vol":"13","page":22},{"text":"١٧٣٣٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَتَجْلِدُ فِي رِيحِ الشَّرَابِ؟ فَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: «إِنَّ الرِّيحَ لَتَكُونُ مِنَ الشَّرَابِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعُوا جَمِيعًا عَلَى شَرَابٍ وَاحِدٍ فَسَكِرَ أَحَدُهُمْ جُلِدُوا جَمِيعًا الْحَدَّ تَامًّا»\n\n١٧٣٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ مِثْلُ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ لَا يُخَالِفُهُ، لَا نَعْرِفُ الْإِسْكَارَ فِي الشَّرَابِ حَتَّى يَسْكَرَ مِنْهُ وَاحِدٌ فَنَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ مُسْكِرٌ، ثُمَّ نَجْلِدُ الْحَدَّ عَلَى شُرْبِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْكِرْ صَاحِبَهُ قِيَاسًا عَلَى الْخَمْرِ\n\n١٧٣٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" قَالَ لِي بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: الْخَمْرُ حَرَامٌ، وَالسَّكَرُ مِنْ كُلِّ الشَّرَابِ، وَلَا يَحْرُمُ الْمُسْكِرُ حَتَّى يُسْكَرَ مِنْهُ، وَلَا يُحَدُّ مَنْ شَرِبَ نَبِيذًا مُسْكِرًا حَتَّى يُسْكِرَهُ،\n\n١٧٣٣٥ - فَقِيلَ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ: كَيْفَ خَالَفْتَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَثَبَتَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خِلَافَهُ؟\n\n١٧٣٣٦ - قَالَ: رُوِّينَا فِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ شَرِبَ فَضْلَ شَرَابِ رَجُلٍ حَدَّهُ،\n\n١٧٣٣٧ - قُلْنَا: رُوِّيتُمُوهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجْهُولٍ عِنْدَكُمْ، لَا تَكُونُ رِوَايَتُهُ حُجَّةً \" ⦗٢٤⦘\n\n١٧٣٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ الْأَعْمَشُ تَارَةً عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ذِي لَعْوَةَ، وَتَارَةً عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ذِي حُدَّانَ، وَابْنِ ذِي لَعْوَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى سَطِيحَةً لِعُمَرَ فَشَرِبَ مِنْهَا فَسَكِرَ، فَأَتَى بِهِ عُمَرُ فَاعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا شَرِبْتُ مِنْ سَطِيحَتِكَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِنَّمَا أَضْرِبُكَ عَلَى السُّكْرِ، فَضَرَبَهُ عُمَرُ\n\n١٧٣٣٩ - وَمَنْ لَا يُنْصِفُ: يَحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ذِي لَعْوَةَ عَلَى مَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِهِ\n\n١٧٣٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ فَارِسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: سَعِيدُ بْنُ ذِي لَعْوَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي النَّبِيذِ يُخَالِفُ النَّاسَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، لَا يُعْرَفُ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: سَعِيدُ بْنُ حُدَّانَ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ\n\n١٧٣٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَزْهَرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيَّ، يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ ⦗٢٥⦘ عِنْدَ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ - يَعْنِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ الْكُوفِيَّ - وَعِنْدَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ فَجَرَى «ذِكْرُ الْمُسْكِرِ فَحَرَّمَهُ الْحِجَازِيُّونَ، وَجَعَلَ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ يَحْتَجُّونَ فِي تَحْلِيلِهِ» إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ذِي لَعْوَةَ فِي الرُّخْصَةِ، فَقَالَ الْحِجَازِيُّونَ، أَوْ قَالَ ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا تَجِيئُونَ بِهِ عَنِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَلَا عَنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ، وَإِنَّمَا تَجِيئُونَ بِهِ عَنِ الْعُورَانِ وَالْعِمْيَانِ وَالْعُرْجَانِ وَالْحُولَانِ وَالْعِمْشَانِ\n\n١٧٣٤٢ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ: أَيْنَ أَنْتُمْ عَنْ أَبْنَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ؟ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ، وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ»\n\n١٧٣٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي احْتَجَجْنَا بِهَا أَحَادِيثُ قَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى صِحَّتِهَا، وَالْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي رُوِيَتْ فِي الْكَسْرِ بِالْمَاءِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَسَانِيدُهَا غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ، فَإِجْرَاءُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَلَى ظَاهِرِهَا، وَحَمْلُ مَا رَوَوْا عَلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالْكَسْرِ بِالْمَاءِ إِذَا خُشِيَ شِدَّتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَدَّ أَوْلَى فَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي بَعْضِ أَلْفَاظِهَا: فَإِنْ خَشِيَ شِدَّتَهُ فَلْيَصُبَّ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدِ اشْتَدَّ وَبَلَغَ حَدَّ الْإِسْكَارِ، فَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِيهِ مَا","vol":"13","page":23},{"text":"١٧٣٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ لِأَبِي دَاوُدَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا صَدَقَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَصُومُ، فَتَحَيَّنْتُ فِطْرَهُ بِنَبِيذٍ صَنَعْتُهُ فِي دُبَّاءٍ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ بِهِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَنِشُّ، فَقَالَ:  «اضْرِبْ بِهَذَا الْحَائِطَ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا شَرَابُ مَنْ لَا يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ»\n\n١٧٣٤٥ - تَابَعَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَلَّاقٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ سَمَاعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ مِنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ\n\n١٧٣٤٦ - وَرُوِيَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ\n\n١٧٣٤٧ - وَكَيْفَ يُمَكِنُ حَمْلُ أَحَادِيثَ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ مِقْدَارِ مَا يُسْكِرُ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ شَرَابٍ أَسْكَرَ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ»؟ فَعَمَّ، الشَّرَابَ الَّذِي يُسْكِرُ ⦗٢٧⦘ بِالتَّحْرِيمِ وَقَالَ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ» فَسَمَّاهُ خَمْرًا، ثُمَّ سَمَّاهُ حَرَامًا فَقَالَ: «وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ»، فَحَرُمَ بِتَحْرِيمِهِ، وَدَخَلَ بِتَسْمِيَتِهِ خَمْرًا تَحْتَ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ، وَالْأَزْلَامُ، رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٠]، ثُمَّ مَنَعَ تَأْوِيلَ الْمُتَأَوِّلِينَ وَتَحْرِيفَ الْمُحَرِّفِينَ فَقَالَ: «مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ» هَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٧٣٤٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ قَلِيلِ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ»","vol":"13","page":26},{"text":"١٧٣٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ يَعْنِي عَبَّاسَ بْنَ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مَهْدِيِّ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ، وَمَا أَسْكَرَ الْفَرَقُ مِنْهُ فَمِلْءُ الْكَفِّ مِنْهُ حَرَامٌ» ⦗٢٨⦘ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ وَمُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ مَهْدِيِّ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ،\n\n١٧٣٥٠ - وَأَبُو عُثْمَانَ مَوْلَى الْأَنْصَارِ قَاضِي مَرْوٍ اسْمُهُ: عُمَرُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَمْرٌو، قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ\n\n١٧٣٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْأَخْبَارُ الْمُطْلَقَةُ فِي النَّبِيذِ لَا يَحْتَجُّ بِهَا مَنْ عَرَفَ صِفَةَ أَنْبِذَتِهِمْ\n\n١٧٣٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «كُنَّا نَنْبِذُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سِقَاءٍ يُوكَى أَعْلَاهُ، يُنْبَذُ غُدْوَةً فَيَشْرَبُهُ عِشَاءً، وَيُنْبَذُ عِشَاءً فَيَشْرَبُهُ غُدْوَةً»\n\n١٧٣٥٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: فَإِنْ فَضَلَ شَيْءٌ صَبَبْتُهُ\n\n١٧٣٥٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْنَا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: مَا نَصْنَعُ بِالزَّبِيبِ؟ قَالَ: «انْبِذُوهُ عَلَى غَدَائِكُمْ، وَلَا تَنْبِذُوهُ فِي الْقُلَلِ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا تَأَخَّرَ عَنْ عَصْرِهِ صَارَ خَلًّا»","vol":"13","page":27},{"text":"١٧٣٥٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَهْرَانِيِّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الطِّلَاءِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ النَّارَ لَا تُحِلُّ شَيْئًا وَلَا تُحَرِّمُهُ قَالَ: «وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُنْبَذُ لَهُ الزَّبِيبُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فِي السِّقَاءِ، فَإِذَا أَصْبَحَ شَرِبَهُ يَوْمَهُ وَلَيْلَتَهُ، وَمِنَ الْغَدِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ مَسَاءُ الثَّالِثِ شَرِبَهُ أَوْ سَقَاهُ الْخَدَمَ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ شَيْءٌ أَهْرَاقَهُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْبَهْرَانِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ\n\n١٧٣٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ\n\n١٧٣٥٧ - وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، وَاخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَقِيلَ: فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ\n\n١٧٣٥٨ - وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ دُونَ الْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي يَخْشَى فِيهَا شِدَّتَهَا، وَعَائِشَةُ أَعْلَمُ بِشَرَابِهِ، وَمَعَ رِوَايَتِهَا رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ\n\n١٧٣٥٩ - وَعَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ كَانَ يَنْبِذُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ\n\n١٧٣٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «كَانَ النَّبِيذُ الَّذِي يَشْرَبُ عُمَرُ كَانَ يُنْقَعُ لَهُ الزَّبِيبُ غُدْوَةً، فَيَشْرَبُهُ عَشِيَّةً، وَيُنْقَعُ لَهُ عَشِيَّةً فَيَشْرَبُهُ غُدْوَةً، وَلَا يُجْعَلُ فِيهِ دُرْدِيٌّ» ⦗٣٠⦘\n\n١٧٣٦١ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِشَرَابٍ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدِ اشْتَدَّ فَقَالَ: اكْسِرُوهُ بِالْمَاءِ، فَقَدْ قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: إِنَّمَا كَسَرَ عُمَرُ النَّبِيذَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ حَلَاوَتِهِ\n\n١٧٣٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا، أَنَّهُ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ انْتُبِذَ لَهُ فِي مَزَادَةٍ، فَذَاقَهُ فَوَجَدَهُ حُلْوًا\n\n١٧٣٦٣ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ دَعَا بِشَرَابٍ فَذَاقَهُ فَقَبَضَ وَجْهَهُ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ شَرِبَ فَقَدْ قَالَ نَافِعٌ: وَاللَّهِ مَا قَبَضَ عُمَرُ وَجْهَهُ عَنِ الْإِدَاوَةِ حِينَ ذَاقَهَا إِلَّا أَنَّهَا تَخَلَّلَتْ\n\n١٧٣٦٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، مَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٧٣٦٥ - وَقَالَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ فَرْقَدٍ: «كَانَ النَّبِيذُ الَّذِي شَرِبَهُ عُمَرُ قَدْ تَخَلَّلَ»\n\n١٧٣٦٦ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «حُرِّمَتِ الْخَمْرُ بِعَيْنِهَا، الْقَلِيلُ مِنْهَا وَالْكَثِيرُ، وَالسَّكَرُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ» فَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ: وَالْمُسْكِرُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ \"","vol":"13","page":29},{"text":"١٧٣٦٧ - فَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٣١⦘ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «حُرِّمَتِ الْخَمْرُ بِعَيْنِهَا، وَالْمُسْكِرُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧٣٦٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا هُوَ الصَّوَابُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ طَاوُسٌ وَعَطَاءٌ وَمُجَاهِدٌ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ»\n\n١٧٣٦٩ - وَفِي «الْغَرِيبَيْنِ» فِي تَفْسِيرِ السَّكَرِ قَالَ: هُوَ خَمْرُ الْأَعَاجِمِ، وَيُقَالُ لِمَا أَسْكَرَ: السَّكَرُ\n\n١٧٣٧٠ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «اشْرَبُوا، وَلَا تَسْكَرُوا» خَطَأٌ فِي ⦗٣٢⦘ الرِّوَايَةِ وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنِ النَّبِيذِ إِلَّا فِي سِقَاءٍ، فَاشْرَبُوا فِي الْأَسْقِيَةِ كُلِّهَا، وَلَا تَشْرَبُوا مُسْكِرًا»\n\n١٧٣٧١ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ» هِيَ الشَّرْبَةُ الَّتِي تُسْكِرُكَ فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ\n\n١٧٣٧٢ - وَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ فَقَالَ: هَذَا بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ يَرْوِي عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْفُقَيْمِيِّ، عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: إِذَا سَكِرَ مِنْ شَرَابِ لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ أَنَّ يَعُودَ فِيهِ أَبَدًا\n\n١٧٣٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ عَدِيٍّ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ الْكُوفَةَ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً وَذَكَرَ فِيهَا هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ ⦗٣٣⦘\n\n١٧٣٧٤ - فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ هَكَذَا، ثُمَّ يُخَالِفُهُ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى بُطْلَانِ مَا رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ","vol":"13","page":30},{"text":"١٧٣٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا قَالَ: «السَّكَرُ مَا حُرِّمَ مِنْ ثَمَرَتِهَا، وَالرِّزْقُ الْحَسَنُ مَا حَلَّ مِنْ ثَمَرَتِهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْصُورٌ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، وَأَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، وَسُفْيَانُ، وَشَرِيكٌ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧٣٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: \" السَّكَرُ: الْحَرَامُ، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: «الْخَمْرُ، وَالرِّزْقُ الْحَسَنُ الْحَلَالُ»\n\n١٧٣٧٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَأَبِي رَزِينٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا، قَالُوا: «هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ»\n\n١٧٣٧٨ - وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: \" السَّكَرُ: الْخَمْرُ قَبْلَ تَحْرِيمِهَا، وَالرِّزْقُ الْحَسَنُ طَعَامُهُ \" ⦗٣٤⦘\n\n١٧٣٧٩ - وَعَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ: «هَذِهِ مَكِّيَّةٌ، حُرِّمَتِ الْخَمْرُ بَعْدَهَا»\n\n١٧٣٨٠ - وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: «هِيَ خُمُورُ الْأَعَاجِمِ، وَنُسِخَتْ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ»","vol":"13","page":33},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1185>بَابُ مَنْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ حَدٌّ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ عَادَ لَهُ</span>","vol":"13","page":35},{"text":"١٧٣٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ شَرِبَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ شَرِبَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ شَرِبَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ» لَا يَدْرِي بَعْدَ الثَّالِثَةِ أَوِ الرَّابِعَةِ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ شَرِبَ فَجَلَدَهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ قَدْ شَرِبَ فَجَلَدَهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ قَدْ شَرِبَ فَجَلَدَهُ، وَوَضَعَ الْقَتْلَ، وَصَارَتْ رُخْصَةً\n\n١٧٣٨٢ - هَكَذَا فِي رِوَايَتِهِمْ، وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ فَجَلَدَهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ الثَّانِيَةَ فَجَلَدَهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ الثَّالِثَةَ فَجَلَدَهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ الرَّابِعَةَ فَجَلَدَهُ، وَوَضَعَ الْقَتْلَ فَكَانَتْ رُخْصَةً ⦗٣٦⦘\n\n١٧٣٨٣ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمْ جَمِيعًا: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: ثُمَّ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ لِمَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ وَمِخْوَلٍ: كُونَا وَافِدَيِ الْعِرَاقِ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٧٣٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ: وَالْقَتْلُ مَنْسُوخٌ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٣٧⦘\n\n١٧٣٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَبْدَةَ، أَحَادِيثُ حِسَانٌ وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْهُ إِلَّا ابْنَ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَلَا أَدْرِي هَلْ كَانَ مِمَّنْ يَحْفَظُ الْحَدِيثَ أَوْلَا \"\n\n١٧٣٨٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ حَدٌّ فِي شَيْءٍ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، أَنَا شَكَكْتُ - ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ الرَّابِعَةَ أَوِ الْخَامِسَةَ قُتِلَ»\n\n١٧٣٨٧ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ: «مَنْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ حَدٌّ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ الْخَامِسَةَ قُتِلَ،» ثُمَّ أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ الْخَامِسَةَ فَحَدَّهُ وَلَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ \"\n\n١٧٣٨٨ - فَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ يَثْبُتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَسْخُهُ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ\n\n١٧٣٨٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُمَا، وَنَسَخَهُ مُرْسَلًا فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ ⦗٣٨⦘\n\n١٧٣٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَهَلْ فِي هَذَا حُجَّةٌ سِوَى مَا وَصَفْتُ؟\n\n١٧٣٩١ - قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: كُفْرٍ بَعْدَ إِيمَانٍ، أَوْ زِنًى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ، أَوْ قَتْلِ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ \"، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْحُجَّةِ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":35},{"text":"١٧٣٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا سَكِرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ سَكِرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ سَكِرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ، فَإِنْ عَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ» قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ سَكْرَانَ فَضَرَبَهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ فَضَرَبَهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ فَضَرَبَهُ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧٣٩٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ: فَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، «أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْدُ فَجَلَدَهُ وَلَمْ يَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ»","vol":"13","page":38},{"text":"١٧٣٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نَاجِيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْحَرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنْ شَرِبَ الشَّارِبُ فَاضْرِبُوهُ، فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاضْرِبُوهُ، فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاضْرِبُوهُ، فَإِنْ عَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ» فَضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النُّعَيْمَانَ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَرَأَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَنَّ الْحَدَّ قَدْ وَقَعَ، وَأَنَّ الْقَتْلَ قَدْ أُخِّرَ ضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النُّعَيْمَانَ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ\n\n١٧٣٩٥ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْكَافِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ\n\n١٧٣٩٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا","vol":"13","page":39},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1186>بَابُ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ</span>","vol":"13","page":40},{"text":"١٧٣٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ⦗٤١⦘، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ صَلَّتِ الْقِبْلَتَيْنِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ وَقَالَ:  «انْبِذُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى حِدَتِهِ»","vol":"13","page":40},{"text":"١٧٣٩٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُنْبَذَ التَّمْرُ وَالْبُسْرُ جَمِيعًا، وَالتَّمْرُ وَالزَّهْوُ جَمِيعًا»\n\n١٧٣٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" نَهَى عَنْ خَلِيطِ الْبُسْرِ وَالتَّمْرِ، وَعَنْ خَلِيطِ الزَّبِيبِ وَالتَّمْرِ، وَعَنْ خَلِيطِ الزَّهْوِ وَالرُّطَبِ وَقَالَ: «انْتَبِذُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ عَلَى حِدَتِهِ»\n\n١٧٤٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِمَعْنَاهُ ⦗٤٢⦘\n\n١٧٤٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الشَّهَادَاتِ: الْخَمْرُ الْعِنَبُ الَّذِي لَا يُخَالِطُهُ مَاءٌ، وَلَا يُطْبَخُ بِنَارٍ، وَيُعَتَّقُ حَتَّى يُسْكِرَ، فَتَحْرِيمُهَا نَصٌّ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، أَسْكَرَ أَوْ لَمْ يُسْكِرْ، وَمَا سِوَاهَا مِنَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ مِنَ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ، أَوْ مِمَّا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِمَّا زَالَ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَمْرًا، فَإِنْ كَانَ يُسْكِرُ كَثِيرُهُ فَمَنْ شَرِبَهُ فَهُوَ عِنْدَنَا مُخْطِئٌ بِشُرْبِهِ آثَمٌ بِهِ \"","vol":"13","page":41},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1187>بَابُ الْأَوْعِيَةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":43},{"text":"١٧٤٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: فَأَقْبَلْتُ نَحْوَهُ، فَانْصَرَفَ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَبْلُغَهُ، فَسَأَلْتُ: مَاذَا قَالَ؟ قَالُوا:  «نَهَى عَنْ أَنْ يُنْتَبَذَ فِي الدُّبَّاءِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"13","page":43},{"text":"١٧٤٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسًا، يَقُولُ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ، أَنْ يُنْتَبَذَ فِيهِ»","vol":"13","page":43},{"text":"١٧٤٠٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَنْتَبِذُوا فِي الدُّبَّاءِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ» قَالُوا: ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: «وَاجْتَنِبُوا الْحَنَاتِمَ وَالنَّقِيرَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ","vol":"13","page":44},{"text":"١٧٤٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُنْتَبَذَ فِي الدُّبَّاءِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ»","vol":"13","page":44},{"text":"١٧٤٠٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ نَبِيذِ الْجَرِّ الْأَخْضَرِ، وَالْأَبْيَضِ وَالْأَحْمَرِ \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ مُخْتَصَرًا","vol":"13","page":44},{"text":"١٧٤٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُنْتَبَذُ لَهُ فِي سِقَاءٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَتَوْرٌ مِنْ حِجَارَةٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"13","page":45},{"text":"١٧٤٠٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: «لَمَّا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْأَوْعِيَةِ» قِيلَ لَهُ: لَيْسَ كُلُّ النَّاسِ يَجِدُ سِقَاءً؟ «فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي الْجَرِّ غَيْرِ الْمُزَفَّتِ»\n\n١٧٤٠٩ - سَقَطَ مِنْ إِسْنَادِهِ أَبُو عِيَاضٍ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":45},{"text":"١٧٤١٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ، وَالْحَنْتَمِ، وَالنَّقِيرِ، وَالْمُزَفَّتِ»\n\n١٧٤١١ - لَمْ أَجِدْ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ كَلَامًا عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ، وَلَمْ نُفَصِّلْهَا مِمَّا رُوِّينَا قَبْلَهَا فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ وَتَحْرِيمِ الْمُسْكِرِ وَالْحَدِّ فِيهِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ سَقَطَ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ\n\n١٧٤١٢ - وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: وَلَا أَكْرَهُ مِنَ الْآنِيَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ الشَّرَابُ يُسْكِرُ شَيْئًا سُمِّيَ بِعَيْنِهِ\n\n١٧٤١٣ - وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ مَا رَوَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ الرُّخْصَةُ فِي الشُّرْبِ مِنَ الْأَوْعِيَةِ بَعْدَ النَّهْيِ عَنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ إِذَا لَمْ يَشْرَبْ مُسْكِرًا","vol":"13","page":46},{"text":"١٧٤١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَرِّفُ بْنُ وَاصِلٍ، عَنْ مُحَارِبِ بْنِ دِثَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ، وَأَنَا آمُرُكُمْ بِهِنَّ: نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ زِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ فَزُورُوهَا، فَإِنَّ فِي زِيَارَتِهَا تَذْكِرَةً، وَنَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ أَنْ تَشْرَبُوا إِلَّا فِي ظُرُوفِ الْأَدَمِ فَاشْرَبُوا فِي كُلِّ وِعَاءٍ غَيْرَ أَنْ لَا تَشْرَبُوا مُسْكِرًا، وَنَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْأَضَاحِيِّ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ فَكُلُوا وَاسْتَمْتِعُوا بِهَا أَسْفَارَكُمْ \" ⦗٤٧⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُعَرِّفِ بْنِ وَاصِلٍ\n\n١٧٤١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، الرُّخْصَةَ فِي الْأَوْعِيَةِ","vol":"13","page":46},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1188>بَابُ عَدَدِ حَدِّ الْخَمْرِ</span>","vol":"13","page":48},{"text":"١٧٤١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَزْهَرَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ يَسْأَلُ عَنْ رَحْلِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَجَرَيْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ أَسْأَلُ عَنْ رَحْلِ خَالِدٍ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ جَذِعًا، وَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِشَارِبٍ قَالَ: «اضْرِبُوهُ»، فَضَرَبُوهُ بِالْأَيْدِي وَالنِّعَالِ وَأَطْرَافِ الثِّيَابِ وَحَثَوْا عَلَيْهِ التُّرَابَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «بَكِّتُوهُ»، فَبَكَّتُوهُ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَهُ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ سَأَلَ مَنْ حَضَرَ ذَلِكَ الْمَضْرُوبَ، فَقَوَّمَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ، فَضَرَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ فِي الْخَمْرِ أَرْبَعِينَ حَيَاتَهُ، ثُمَّ عُمَرُ ﵁، حَتَّى تَتَابَعَ النَّاسُ فِي الْخَمْرِ فَاسْتَشَارَ فَضَرَبَهُ ثَمَانِينَ\n\n١٧٤١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ\n\n١٧٤١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ ⦗٤٩⦘ أَزْهَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَوْجَزَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: وَحَثَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ التُّرَابَ، لَمْ يَذْكُرِ التَّبْكِيتَ قَالَ: ثَمَّ أُتِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِسَكْرَانَ قَالَ: فَتَوَخَّى الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ ضَرْبِهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَضَرَبَ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤١٩ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَبَرَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى عُمَرَ ﵁ فَأَتَيْتُهُ وَمَعَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ﵄، وَعَلِيٌّ وَطَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ ﵃، وَهُمْ مَعَهُ مُتَّكِئُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدِ انْهَمَكُوا فِي الْخَمْرِ، وَتَحَاقَرُوا الْعُقُوبَةَ فِيهِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ﵁: هُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ عِنْدَكَ فَاسْأَلْهُمْ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁: «نَرَاهُ إِذَا سَكِرَ هَذَى، وَإِذَا هَذَى افْتَرَى، وَعَلَى الْمُفْتَرِي ثَمَانُونَ» قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ﵁: أَبْلِغْ صَاحِبَكَ مَا قَالَ قَالَ: فَجَلَدَ خَالِدٌ ﵁ ثَمَانِينَ، وَجَلَدَ عُمَرُ ﵁ ثَمَانِينَ\n\n١٧٤٢٠ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ﵁ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِالرَّجُلِ الضَّعِيفِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مِنْهُ الزَّلَّةُ ضَرَبَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٢١ - قَالَ: وَجَلَدَ عُثْمَانُ ﵁ أَيْضًا ثَمَانِينَ وَأَرْبَعِينَ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاضِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٥٠⦘\n\n١٧٤٢٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَزْهَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَعْمَرٍ، وَزَادَ: ثُمَّ جَلَدَ عُثْمَانُ، الْحَدِيثَ كِلَاهُمَا: ثَمَانِينَ، وَأَرْبَعِينَ","vol":"13","page":48},{"text":"١٧٤٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، اسْتَشَارَ فِي الْخَمْرِ يَشْرَبُهَا الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: «نَرَى أَنْ نَجْلِدَهَ ثَمَانِينَ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا شَرِبَ سَكِرَ، وَإِذَا سَكِرَ هَذَى، وَإِذَا هَذَى افْتَرَى أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ، فَجَلَدَهُ عُمَرُ ثَمَانِينَ فِي الْخَمْرِ»\n\n١٧٤٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"13","page":50},{"text":"١٧٤٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ حُضَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا  «جَلَدَ الْوَلِيدَ أَرْبَعِينَ فِي الْخَمْرِ»\n\n١٧٤٢٦ - هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"13","page":50},{"text":"١٧٤٢٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدَّانَاجِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حُضَيْنَ بْنَ الْمُنْذِرِ الرَّقَاشِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ: لَمَّا جِيءَ بِالْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، وَقَدْ شَهِدُوا ⦗٥١⦘ عَلَيْهِ بِشُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: دُونَكَ فَأَقِمْ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ عَلِيٌّ فَجُلِدَ أَرْبَعِينَ جَلْدَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «جَلَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَجَلَدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَجَلَدَ عُمَرُ ثَمَانِينَ، وَكُلٌّ سُنَّةٌ»","vol":"13","page":50},{"text":"١٧٤٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَالِيًا أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ، بِوَاسِطَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدَّانَاجِ، عَنْ حُضَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ وَعْلَةَ قَالَ: صَلَّى الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ بِالنَّاسِ الْفَجْرَ أَرْبَعًا، وَهُوَ سَكْرَانُ، فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: أَزِيدُكُمْ؟ فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: اجْلِدْهُ، فَأَمَرَ بِضَرْبِهِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لِلْحَسَنِ: يَا حَسَنُ، قُمْ فَاضْرِبْهُ قَالَ: فِيمَ أَنْتَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، بَلْ ضَعُفْتَ وَوَهَنْتَ وَعَجَزْتَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ فَاضْرِبْهُ قَالَ: فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ فَجَعَلَ يَضْرِبُهُ، وَعَلِيٌّ يَعُدُّ حَتَّى بَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ، فَقَالَ: كَفَاكَ - أَوْ كُفَّ - ثُمَّ قَالَ ضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ صَدْرًا مِنْ خِلَافَتِهِ أَرْبَعِينَ، ثُمَّ أَتَمَّهَا عُمَرُ ثَمَانِينَ، وَكُلٌّ سُنَّةٌ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ الْمُخْتَارِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ الدَّانَاجِ وَزَادَ: وَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ\n\n١٧٤٢٩ - وَقَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ: سَأَلْتُ الْبُخَارِيَّ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ ⦗٥٢⦘\n\n١٧٤٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي مَسَانِيدِ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَمُخَرَّجَاتِ أَكْثَرِهِمْ فِي السُّنَنِ\n\n١٧٤٣١ - وَالَّذِي يَدَّعِي تَسْوِيَةَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ صَرْفَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِلَى مَا وَقَّتَهُ صَاحِبُهُ، فَأَنْكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ أَصْلًا وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى فَسَادِهِ بِمَا جَرَى مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي حَدِيثِ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ، وَأَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: «مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَجَلَدْنَاهُ فَمَاتَ وَدَيْنَاهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ صَنَعْنَاهُ»\n\n١٧٤٣٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يُسِنَّ فِيهَا شَيْئًا، وَبِأَنَّ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيًّا جَلَدَا ثَمَانِينَ، وَأَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى الثَّمَانِينَ، فَصَارَ الْحَدُّ مُؤَقَّتًا بِهَا فِي الْخَمْرِ، وَقَبْلَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُؤَقَّتًا\n\n١٧٤٣٣ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذُكِرَ مِنْ إِنْكَارِ الْحَدِيثِ وَفَسَادِهِ غَيْرُ مَقْبُولٍ مِنْهُ، فَصِحَّةُ الْحَدِيثِ إِنَّمَا تُعْرَفُ بِثِقَةِ رِجَالِهِ وَمَعْرِفَتِهِمْ بِمَا يُوجِبُ قَبُولَ خَبَرِهِمْ\n\n١٧٤٣٤ - وَقَدْ عَرَفَهُمْ حُفَّاظُ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَقَبِلُوا حَدِيثَهُمْ\n\n١٧٤٣٥ - كَيْفَ وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ ﵄ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ لَا يُشَكُّ فِي صِحَّتِهِ: جَلْدُ أَرْبَعِينَ ⦗٥٣⦘\n\n١٧٤٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَحْرِ بْنِ بَرِّيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ، أَخْبَرَهُ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ دُخُولِهِ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ، وَأَنَّهُ كَلَّمَهُ فِي شَأْنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: فَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ شَأْنِ الْوَلِيدِ فَسَنَأْخُذُ فِيهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهِ بِالْحَقِّ، فَجَلَدَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَأَمَرَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنْ يَجْلِدَهُ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ\n\n١٧٤٣٧ - وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مَوْقُوفًا فَفِيهِ قُوَّةُ حَدِيثِ حُضَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَهُوَ يُوَافِقُهُ فِي الْإِجْمَاعِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ ﵄ عَلَى جَلْدِ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَأَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ الِاقْتِصَارُ عَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بَعْدَمَا أُشِيرَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بِالثَّمَانِينَ\n\n١٧٤٣٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ حُضَيْنٍ زِيَادَةٌ: سُنَّةٌ، وَقَدْ وَافَقَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَتَادَةُ عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا","vol":"13","page":51},{"text":"١٧٤٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْحَيُّوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ فِي الْخَمْرِ بِالنِّعَالِ، وَالْجَرِيدِ أَرْبَعِينَ» ⦗٥٤⦘ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ضَرَبَ أَرْبَعِينَ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُمَرُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَشَاوَرَهُمْ عُمَرُ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَوْفٍ: أَرَى أَنْ تَضْرِبَهُ ثَمَانِينَ، فَضَرَبَهُ ثَمَانِينَ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ\n\n١٧٤٤٠ - وَرَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ سَكِرَ قَالَ: «فَأَمَرَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا، فَجَلَدَهُ كُلٌّ رَجُلٍ جَلْدَتَيْنِ بِالْجَرِيدِ وَالنِّعَالِ»\n\n١٧٤٤١ - وَهَذَا يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ هِشَامٍ فِي الْعَدَدِ، وَهَذَا الْقَائِلُ ذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ وَبِلَفْظٍ آخَرَ مُحْتَجًّا بِهِ فِي أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ جَلْدٌ مَعْلُومٌ حَتَّى كَانَ زَمَنَ عُمَرَ ﵁\n\n١٧٤٤٢ - وَإِذَا كَانَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ يُخْبِرُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ بِأَنَّهُ جَلَدَهُ بِجَرِيدَتَيْنِ نَحْوًا مِنَ الْأَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٤٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَتِنَا بِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٤٤ - وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ضَرَبَ أَرْبَعِينَ ⦗٥٥⦘\n\n١٧٤٤٥ - وَعَلِيٌّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ يُخْبِرُ بِأَنَّهُ جَلَدَ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٤٦ - وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ سَأَلَ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ، فَقَوَّمَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٤٧ - وَجَلَدَ هُوَ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٤٨ - وَجَلَدَ عُمَرُ صَدْرًا مِنْ خِلَافَتِهِ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٤٩ - وَحِينَ تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمْ يُنْكِرُوا جَلْدَ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ سَائِلُهُمْ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدِ انْهَمَكُوا فِي الْخَمْرِ وَتَحَاقَرُوا الْعُقُوبَةَ فِيهِ، يَعْنِي الْعُقُوبَةَ الْمَعْهُودَةَ الْمَعْرُوفَةَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَهِيَ أَرْبَعُونَ، أَفَلَا يَكُونُ هَذَا مَعْلُومًا؟ وَلَئِنْ صَارَ الثَّمَانُونَ حَدًّا مَعْلُومًا بِتَوْقِيتِ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي أَيَّامِ عُمَرَ، فَلِمَ لَمْ تَصِرِ الْأَرْبَعُونَ حَدًّا مَعْلُومًا بِتَقْوِيمِ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي أَيَّامِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَتَحَرِّيهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَفِعْلَ أَصْحَابِهِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ؟\n\n١٧٤٥٠ - بَلْ هَذَا أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ حَدًّا مُؤَقَّتًا بِتَوْقِيتِهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَعْدِلْ عَنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَيَاتَهُ\n\n١٧٤٥١ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ بَعْدَ تَوْقِيتِهِمْ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِالرَّجُلِ الضَّعِيفِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ مِنْهُ الزَّلَّةَ ضَرَبَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَجَلَدَ عُثْمَانُ بَعْدَهُ ثَمَانِينَ، وَجَلَدَ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَجَلَدَ عَلِيٌّ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٥٢ - وَكُلُّ هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَدَّ الْمُوَقَّتَ فِي الْخَمْرِ أَرْبَعُونَ، وَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُوَقِّتُوهْ بِالثَّمَانِينَ حَدًّا، وَأَنَّ الزِّيَادَةَ الَّتِي زَادَهَا إِنَّمَا هِيَ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّعْزِيرِ، وَقَدْ أَشَارَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى عِلَّةِ التَّعْزِيرِ فِيمَا أَشَارَ بِهِ عَلَى عُمَرَ\n\n١٧٤٥٣ - وَفِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ فِيمَنْ مَاتَ فِي حَدِّ الْخَمْرِ: وَدَيْنَاهُ، دَلِيلٌ بَيِّنٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَجْتَمِعُوا عَلَى الثَّمَانِينَ حَدًّا، إِذْ لَوْ كَانُوا وَقَّتُوهُ بِالثَّمَانِينَ لَمْ يَجِبْ فِيمَنْ مَاتَ مِنْهُ دِيَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - عِنْدَنَا: إِذَا مَاتَ فِي الْأَرْبَعِينَ الزَّائِدَةِ ⦗٥٦⦘\n\n١٧٤٥٤ - وَقَوْلُهُ: فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يُسِنَّهُ، يَعْنِي لَمْ يُسِنَّ فَوْقَ الْأَرْبَعِينَ، أَوْ لَمْ يُسِنَّ ضَرْبَهُ بِالسِّيَاطِ، وَقَدْ سَنَّهُ بِالْجَرِيدِ وَالنِّعَالِ وَأَطْرَافِ الثِّيَابِ\n\n١٧٤٥٥ - وَنَحْنُ هَكَذَا نَقُولُ: لَا نُخَالِفُ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بِتَوْفِيقِ اللَّهِ وَبِعِصْمَتِهِ\n\n١٧٤٥٦ - وَالَّذِي يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ فِي إِبْطَالِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ لَا نَقُولُ بِهِ، وَلَا نَرَى فِيمَنْ مَاتَ مِنْهُ دِيَةً\n\n١٧٤٥٧ - وَهَذَا دَأَبُهُ فِي بَعْضِ مَا لَا نَقُولُ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الصَّحِيحَةِ يَجْتَهِدُ فِي إِبْطَالِهِ بِحَدِيثٍ آخَرَ، فَإِذَا نَظَرْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ وَجَدْنَاهُ لَا يَقُولُ بِهِ أَيْضًا، فَكَيْفَ نَحْتَجُّ بِهِ فِي إِبْطَالِ غَيْرِهِ؟ فَإِنْ قَالَ: رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ جَلَدَ الْوَلِيدَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بِسَوْطٍ لَهُ طَرَفَانِ أَرْبَعِينَ، فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ ثَمَانِينَ","vol":"13","page":53},{"text":"١٧٤٥٨ - وَذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،  «جَلَدَ الْوَلِيدَ بِسَوْطٍ لَهُ طَرَفَانِ»\n\n١٧٤٥٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ أَرْبَعِينَ\n\n١٧٤٦٠ - قُلْنَا: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَجُلِدَ أَرْبَعِينَ جَلْدَةً، وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ لَا يُخَالِفَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَلَدَهُ بِكُلِّ طَرَفٍ عِشْرِينَ، فَيَكُونُ الْجَمِيعُ أَرْبَعِينَ، ⦗٥٧⦘\n\n١٧٤٦١ - وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَجَلَدَهُ بِجَرِيدَتَيْنِ نَحْوًا مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ، أَيْ بِهِمَا صَارَ الْعَدَدُ أَرْبَعِينَ»\n\n١٧٤٦٢ - وَهَذَا بَيِّنٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ هَمَّامٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ، وَلِأَنَّهُ خَالَفَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَا أَشَارَ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَلَى عُمَرَ، وَلَوْ كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْأَوَّلِ ثَمَانِينَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُخَالَفَةٌ\n\n١٧٤٦٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁ لَمَّا جَلَدَ الْوَلِيدَ بِهَذَا السَّوْطِ - إِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا - أَرْبَعِينَ قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ: «جَلَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعِينَ» وَجَلَدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَجَلَدَ عُمَرُ ثَمَانِينَ، وَكُلٌّ سُنَّةٌ\n\n١٧٤٦٤ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ الْمُخْتَارِ: وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، فَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ اقْتَصَرَ عَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ لَمْ يَقُلْ: وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":56},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1189>خَطَأُ السُّلْطَانِ فِي غَيْرِ حَدٍّ وَجَبَ لِلَّهِ ﷿</span>","vol":"13","page":58},{"text":"١٧٤٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «الْحَدُّ فَرْضٌ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ أَنْ يَقُومَ بِهِ، إِنْ تَرَكَهُ كَانَ عَاصِيًا لِلَّهِ بِتَرْكِهِ وَلَهُ أَنْ يُؤَدِّبَ بِالْحَدِّ، وَالْأَدَبُ أَمْرٌ لَمْ يُبَحْ لَهُ إِلَّا بِالرَّأْيِ، وَحَلَالٌ لَهُ تَرْكُهُ»\n\n١٧٤٦٦ - أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ ظَهَرَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ غَلُّوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَمْ يُعَاقِبْهُمْ، وَلَوْ كَانَتِ الْعُقُوبَةُ تَلْزَمُ لُزُومَ الْحَدِّ مَا تَرَكَهُمْ، كَمَا قَالَ ﷺ\n\n١٧٤٦٧ - وَقَطَعَ امْرَأَةً لَهَا شَرَفٌ فَكُلِّمَ فِيهَا فَقَالَ: «لَوْ سَرَقَتْ فُلَانَةُ - لِامْرَأَةٍ شَرِيفَةٍ - لَقَطَعْتُ يَدَهَا»\n\n١٧٤٦٨ - ثُمَّ جَعَلَهُ شَبِيهًا بِالرَّجُلِ يَرْمِي الصَّيْدَ بِالْمِعْرَاضِ، أَوِ الْعَرْضِ، وَلَا يَرَى إِنْسَانًا وَلَا نِبَالًا لِإِنْسَانٍ، فَأَصَابَتِ الرَّمِيَّةُ إِنْسَانًا أَوْ شَاةً لِإِنْسَانٍ ضَمِنَ\n\n١٧٤٦٩ - بَلِ الْعُقُوبَةُ أَوْلَى أَنْ تَكُونَ مَضْمُونَةً إِنْ جَاءَ مِنْهَا تَلَفٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَخْتَلِفُ أَحَدٌ فِي أَنَّ الرَّمِيَّةَ مُبَاحَةٌ\n\n١٧٤٧٠ - وَقَدْ يَخْتَلِفُ النَّاسُ فِي الْعُقُوبَاتِ فَيَكْرَهُهَا بَعْضُهُمْ، وَيَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ: لَا نَبْلُغُ بِهَا كَذَا، وَلَا يُزَادُ فِيهَا عَلَى كَذَا ⦗٥٩⦘\n\n١٧٤٧١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: \" مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَمُوتُ فِي حَدٍّ فَأَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْهُ شَيْئًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ قَتَلَهُ، إِلَّا الْمَحْدُودُ فِي الْخَمْرِ، فَإِنَّهُ شَيْءٌ أَحْدَثْنَاهُ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَمَنْ مَاتَ فِيهِ فَدِيَتُهُ - لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ - فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، أَوْ عَلَى الَّذِي حَدَّهُ، شَكَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n١٧٤٧٢ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ بَعَثَ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي شَيْءٍ بَلَغَهُ عَنْهَا فَذَعَرَهَا، فَفَزِعَتْ فَأَسْقَطَتْ، فَاسْتَشَارَ فِي سِقْطِهَا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ كَلِمَةً لَا أَحْفَظُهَا، أَعْرِفُ أَنَّ مَعْنَاهَا: أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ الدِّيَةَ، فَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ عَلِيًّا ﵁ أَنْ يَضْرِبَهَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ\n\n١٧٤٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ كَانَ لِعُمَرَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ، وَلِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَحُدَّ فِي الْخَمْرِ عِنْدَ الْعَامَّةِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي الْبَعْثَةِ تَلَفٌ عَلَى الْمَبْعُوثِ إِلَيْهَا أَوْ عَلَى ذِي بَطْنِهَا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِنَّ عَلَيْهِ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الدِّيَةَ، كَأَنَّ الَّذِي يَرَاهُمْ ذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ الرِّسَالَةُ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَتْلَفَ بِهَا أَحَدٌ، فَإِنْ تَلَفَ ضَمِنَ، وَكَانَ الْمَأْثَمُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَوْضُوعًا","vol":"13","page":58},{"text":"١٧٤٧٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ قَالَ: مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَمُوتُ فِي حَدٍّ مِنَ الْحُدُودِ فَأَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، إِلَّا الَّذِي يَمُوتُ فِي حَدِّ الْخَمْرِ، فَإِنَّهُ شَيْءٌ أَحْدَثْنَاهُ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَمَنْ مَاتَ مِنْهُ فَدِيَتُهُ - إِمَّا قَالَ: فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، وَإِمَّا: عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ \" أَشُكُّ، يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀.\n\n١٧٤٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - فِيمَا أَحْدَثُوهُ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ عَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّعْزِيرِ","vol":"13","page":60},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1190>بَابُ الْخِتَانِ وَاجِبٌ </span>⦗٦٢⦘\n١٧٤٧٦ - رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اخْتَتَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً بِالْقَدُومِ»\n\n١٧٤٧٧ - قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا﴾ [النحل: ١٢٣]\n\n١٧٤٧٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ عُثَيْمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَلْقِ عَنْكَ شَعْرَ الْكُفْرِ»، يَقُولُ: احْلِقْ","vol":"13","page":61},{"text":"١٧٤٧٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي آخَرُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِآخَرَ مَعَهُ: «أَلْقِ عَنْكَ شَعْرَ الْكُفْرِ، وَاخْتَتِنَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَخْلَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"13","page":62},{"text":"١٧٤٨٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَيْسَ بِالْفِهْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ امْرَأَةٌ تَخْفِضُ الْجَوَارِي، يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ ⦗٦٣⦘ عَطِيَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا أُمَّ عَطِيَّةَ، اخْفِضِي وَلَا تَنْهِكِي، فَإِنَّهُ أَسْرَى لِلْوَجْهِ، وَأَحْظَى عِنْدَ الزَّوْجِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الرَّقِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ\n\n١٧٤٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ الْكُوفِيِّ، وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً كَانَتْ تَخْتِنُ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧٤٨٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «الْخِتَانُ سُنَّةٌ للِرِّجَالٍ، وَمَكْرُمَةٌ لِلنِّسَاءِ» وَلَا يَثْبُتُ رَفْعُهُ\n\n١٧٤٨٣ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرَيْنَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَا يَثْبُتُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1191>بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي صِفَةِ السَّوْطِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ</span>","vol":"13","page":64},{"text":"١٧٤٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا اعْتَرَفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالزِّنَا، فَدَعَا لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِسَوْطٍ، فَأُتِيَ بِسَوْطٍ مَكْسُورٍ، فَقَالَ: «فَوْقَ هَذَا»، فَأُتِيَ بِسَوْطٍ جَدِيدٍ لَمْ تُقْطَعْ ثَمَرَتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ»، فَأُتِيَ بِسَوْطٍ قَدْ رُكِبَ بِهِ، فَلَانَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَجُلِدَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، قَدْ آنَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَنْتَهُوا عَنْ مَحَارِمِ اللَّهِ، فَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقَاذُورَةِ شَيْئًا فَلْيَسْتَتِرْ بِسِتْرِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يُبْدِ لَنَا صَفْحَتَهُ نُقِمْ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ» ⦗٦٥⦘\n\n١٧٤٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ لَيْسَ مِمَّا يَثْبُتُ بِهِ هُوَ نَفْسُهُ حُجَّةٌ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عِنْدَنَا مَنْ يَعْرِفُهُ وَيَقُولُ بِهِ، فَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِهِ\n\n١٧٤٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ قَالَ: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ بِرَجُلٍ فِي حَدٍّ، فَأُتِيَ بِسَوْطٍ فِيهِ شِدَّةٌ فَقَالَ: أُرِيدُ أَلْيَنَ مِنْ هَذَا، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِسَوْطٍ فِيهِ لِينٌ فَقَالَ: أُرِيدُ أَشَدَّ مِنْ هَذَا، فَأُتِيَ بِسَوْطٍ بَيْنَ السَّوْطَيْنِ فَقَالَ: اضْرِبْ وَلَا يُرَى إِبِطُكَ، وَأَعْطِ كُلَّ عُضْوٍ حَقَّهُ","vol":"13","page":64},{"text":"١٧٤٨٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْبُحْتِرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْفَحَّامُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَعْوَرُ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الضَّرْبِ فِي الْوَجْهِ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَجَّاجٍ\n\n١٧٤٨٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِلْجَالِدِ: \" اضْرِبْهُ، وَأَعْطِ كُلَّ عُضْو حَقَّهُ، وَاتَّقِ وَجْهَهُ وَمَذَاكِيرَهُ قَالَ: وَدَعْ لَهُ يَدَيْهِ يَتَّقِي بِهِمَا \" ⦗٦٦⦘\n\n١٧٤٨٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْجَزَّارِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ﵁ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «يُضْرَبُ الرَّجُلُ قَائِمًا، وَالْمَرْأَةُ قَاعِدَةً»\n\n١٧٤٩٠ - وَقَدْ حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ﵁","vol":"13","page":65},{"text":"١٧٤٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَشْيَاخِهِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا «جَلَدَ امْرَأَةً فِي الزِّنَا وَعَلَيْهَا دِرْعٌ حَدِيدٌ»\n\n١٧٤٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَكَذَلِكَ يَقُولُ الْمُفْتُونُ\n\n١٧٤٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ فِي الْجَلْدِ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَفِي تَرْكِ التَّجْرِيدِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ\n\n١٧٤٩٤ - وَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ بِضَرْبِ امْرَأَةٍ فِي حَدٍّ، فَقَالَ: اضْرِبَاهَا، وَلَا تَخْرِقَا جِلْدَهَا","vol":"13","page":66},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1192>بَابُ التَّعْزِيرِ</span>","vol":"13","page":67},{"text":"١٧٤٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حَصِينٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الْكَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ إِذْ أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا شَأْنُ هَذَا؟» فَقَالُوا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَجَدْنَاهُ تَحْتَ فِرَاشِ امْرَأَةٍ، فَقَالَ: «لَقَدْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُ عَلَى نَتْنٍ، فَانْطَلِقُوا بِهِ إِلَى نَتْنٍ مِثْلِهِ فَمَرِّغُوهُ فِيهِ، فَمَرَّغُوهُ فِي عُذْرَةٍ وَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ»\n\n١٧٤٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا وَيَقُولُونَ: يَضْرِبُ وَيُرْسِلُ وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ الْمُفْتِينَ\n\n١٧٤٩٧ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁","vol":"13","page":68},{"text":"١٧٤٩٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵁: عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، \" أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ امْرَأَةً مَعَ رَجُلٍ فِي لِحَافِهَا عَلَى فِرَاشِهَا، فَضَرَبَهُ خَمْسِينَ، فَذَهَبُوا فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ ﵁، فَقَالَ: لِمَ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «لِأَنِّي أَرَى ذَلِكَ» قَالَ: «وَأَنَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ»\n١٧٤٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَأَصْحَابُنَا يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَبْلُغُ بِالتَّعْزِيرِ هَذَا وَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ إِلَى مَا دُونَ الثَّمَانِينَ بِقَدْرِ الذُّنُوبِ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: لَا يَبْلُغُ بِالتَّعْزِيرِ فِي شَيْءٍ أَرْبَعِينَ، فَيُخَالِفُونَ مَا رَوَوْا عَنْ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ\n\n١٧٥٠٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِهَذَا الَّذِي حَكَاهُ عَنْهُمْ أَجَابَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ قَالَ فِي ⦗٦٩⦘ رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى مِسْعَرُ بْنُ كِدَامٍ حَدِيثًا مُنْقَطِعًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ بَلَغَ حَدًّا فِي غَيْرِ حَدٍّ فَهُوَ مِنَ الْمُعْتَدِينَ»\n\n١٧٥٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ، عَنْ مِسْعَرِ بْنِ كِدَامٍ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا\n\n١٧٥٠٢ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ خَالِهِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٧٥٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ: «أَنْ لَا يَبْلُغَ فِي التَّعْزِيرِ أَدْنَى الْحُدُودِ، أَرْبَعِينَ سَوْطًا»","vol":"13","page":68},{"text":"١٧٥٠٤ - وَأَحْسَنُ مَا يُصَارُ إِلَيْهِ فِي هَذَا مَا يَثْبُتُ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ قَالَ: كُنَّا جُلُوسًا مَعَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ فَجَاءَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ جَابِرٍ فَكَلَّمَهُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ، فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بْنِ نِيَارٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا جَلْدَ فَوْقَ عَشَرَةِ أَسْوَاطٍ، إِلَّا فِي حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ» ⦗٧٠⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْجُعْفِيُّ بِمِصْرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ\n\n١٧٥٠٥ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ أَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، فَلَا يَضُرُّهُ تَقْصِيرُ مَنْ قَصَّرَ بِهِ","vol":"13","page":69},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1193>بَابُ الْحُدُودِ كَفَّارَاتٌ</span>","vol":"13","page":71},{"text":"١٧٥٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فَقَالَ: «بَايعُونِي عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا»، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْآيَةَ وَقَالَ: «فَمَنْ وَفَى مِنْكُمْ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَعُوقِبَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ، وَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَسَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ إِلَى اللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ غَفَرَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ\n\n١٧٥٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى، لَمْ أَسْمَعْ فِي الْحُدُودِ حَدِيثًا أَبْيَنَ مِنْ هَذَا\n\n١٧٥٠٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ الْحُدُودَ نَزَلَتْ كَفَّارَةً لِلذُّنُوبِ»، وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ هَذَا، وَهُوَ أَبْيَنُ مِنْهُ ⦗٧٣⦘\n\n١٧٥٠٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَدِيثٌ مَعْرُوفٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِلِ الْإِسْنَادِ فِيمَا أَعْرِفُهُ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقَاذُورَاتِ شَيْئًا فَلْيَسْتَتِرْ بِسِتْرِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يُبْدِ لَنَا صَفْحَتَهُ نُقِمْ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ»\n\n١٧٥١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا أَصَابَ حَدًّا بِالِاسْتِتَارِ، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ أَمَرَهُ بِهِ ⦗٧٤⦘\n\n١٧٥١١ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ عَنْهُمَا وَنَحْنُ نُحِبُّ لِمَنْ أَصَابَ الْحَدَّ أَنْ يَسْتَتِرَ، وَأَنْ يَتَّقِيَ اللَّهَ، وَلَا يَعُودُ لِمَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ\n\n١٧٥١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْأَمْرِ بِالِاسْتِتَارِ قَدْ مَضَى فِي أَوَّلِ الْكِتَابِ\n\n١٧٥١٣ - وَرُوِيَ مَعْنَى هَذَا اللَّفْظِ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا\n\n١٧٥١٤ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ فِي الِاسْتِتَارِ قَدْ مَضَى فِي بَابِ الِاعْتِرَافِ بِالزِّنَا\n\n١٧٥١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي السَّتْرِ، عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحُدُودِ حَدِيثَ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ هَزَّالٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا هَزَّالُ، لَوْ سَتَرْتَهُ بِثَوْبِكَ كَانَ خَيْرًا لَكَ مِمَّا صَنَعْتَ»\n\n١٧٥١٦ - وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ رَأَى عَوْرَةً فَسَتَرَهَا كَانَ كَمَنْ أَحْيَا مَوْءُودَةً مِنْ قَبْرِهَا»\n\n١٧٥١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «تَعَافَوْا الْحُدُودَ فِيمَا بَيْنَكُمْ، فَمَا بَلَغَنِي مِنْ حَدٍّ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ»","vol":"13","page":72},{"text":"١٧٥١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «تَجَافَوْا لِذَوِي الْهَيْئَاتِ عَثَرَاتِهِمْ»\n\n١٧٥١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَيَقُولُ: نَتَجَافَى لِلرَّجُلِ ذِي الْهَيْئَةِ عَنْ عَثْرَتِهِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ حَدًّا\n\n١٧٥٢٠ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمَا: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَوُو الْهَيْئَاتِ الَّذِينَ يُقَالُونَ عَثَرَاتِهِمْ: الَّذِينَ لَيْسُوا يُعْرَفُونَ بِالشَّرِّ، فَيَزِلُّ أَحَدُهُمُ الزَّلَّةَ","vol":"13","page":75},{"text":"١٧٥٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «أَقِيلُوا ذَوِي الْهَيْئَاتِ عَثَرَاتِهِمْ إِلَّا حَدًّا مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٧٦⦘\n١٧٥٢٢ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ دُونَ ذِكْرِ أَبِيهِ فِيهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ\n\n١٧٥٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهَذَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، الْأَئِمَّةُ يُقِيلُونَ ذَوِي الْهَيْئَاتِ عَثَرَاتِهِمْ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ حَدٌّ، فَإِذَا كَانَ حَدًّا وَبَلَغَ الْإِمَامَ فَلَا يَدَعُهُ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَشْفَعَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":75},{"text":"١٧٥٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَهَمَّهُمْ شَأْنُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَخْزُومِيَّةِ الَّتِي سَرَقَتْ فَقَالُوا: مَنْ يُكَلِّمُ فِيهَا؟ قَالُوا: وَمَنْ يَجْتَرِئُ إِلَّا أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ حِبُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَكَلَّمَهُ أُسَامَةُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا أُسَامَةُ، أَتَشْفَعُ فِي حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ ﷿؟»، ثُمَّ قَامَ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا أَهْلَكَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا سَرَقَ فِيهِمُ الشَّرِيفُ تَرَكُوهُ، وَإِذَا سَرَقَ فِيهِمُ الضَّعِيفُ أَقَامُوا عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ لَوْ سَرَقَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ لَقَطَعْتُ يَدَهَا» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، وَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا مَضَى","vol":"13","page":76},{"text":"١٧٥٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ نُسَيْرِ بْنِ ذُعْلُوقٍ، عَنْ ⦗٧٧⦘ خُلَيْدٍ الثَّوْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ - أَظُنُّهُ - بِحَدٍّ فَجَهَدَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُ مَا هُوَ فَأَبَى، فَقَالَ: «اضْرِبُوهُ حَتَّى يَنْهَاكُمْ»\n\n١٧٥٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا\n\n١٧٥٢٧ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِي إِلْزَامِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ، وَلَعَلَّهُ أَقَرَّ بِحَدٍّ هُوَ حَقٌّ لِآدَمَيٍّ\n\n١٧٥٢٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي قَدْ أَصَبْتُ حَدًّا فَأَقِمْ عَلَيَّ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ مَعَنَا؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ غَفَرَ لَكَ ذَنْبَكَ»","vol":"13","page":76},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1194>بَابُ قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، وَمَا أُصِيبَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ</span>","vol":"13","page":78},{"text":"١٧٥٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْمُرْتَدِّينَ: عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَّ يَبْدَءُوا بِجِهَادِهِمْ، وَمَا أَصَابَ أَهْلُ الرِّدَّةِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَالْحُكْمُ عَلَيْهِمْ كَالْحُكْمِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، لَا يَخْتَلِفُ فِي الْعَقْلِ، وَالْقَوَدِ، وَضَمَانِ مَا يُصِيبُونَ\n\n١٧٥٣٠ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَمَا صَنَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ فِي أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ؟ قَالَ لِقَوْمٍ جَاءُوهُ تَائِبِينَ: «تَدُونَ قَتْلَانَا، وَلَا نَدِي قَتْلَاكُمْ» فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَا نَأْخُذُ لِقَتْلَانَا دِيَةً \"\n\n١٧٥٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا ضَمِنُوا الدِّيَةَ فِي قَتْلٍ غَيْرِ مُتَعَمِّدِينَ كَانَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي قَتْلِهِمْ مُتَعَمِّدِينَ ⦗٧٩⦘\n\n١٧٥٣٢ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي قَوْلِ عُمَرَ: لَا نَأْخُذُ لِقَتْلَانَا دِيَةً: قَدْ يَجِبُ الشَّيْءُ لِلرَّجُلِ فَيَدَعُهُ طَلَبَ الثَّوَابِ، وَلَمْ يُرْوَ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ أَحَدًا طَلَبَ وَأَقَامَ بَيِّنَةً عَلَى الْقَاتِلِ بِعَيْنِهِ فَلَمْ يُعْطَ حَقَّهُ، فَلَا يَدَعُ مَا يَثْبُتُ مِنْ أَصْلِ الْقِصَاصِ\n\n١٧٥٣٣ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: لَا يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهُمْ، وَلَا يُتَّبَعُوا بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَخْذُ مَا كَانَ قَائِمًا فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ\n\n١٧٥٣٤ - وَمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا احْتَجَّ بِتَرْكِ عُمَرَ إِيَّاهُمْ","vol":"13","page":78},{"text":"١٧٥٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «قَدِ ارْتَدَّ طُلَيْحَةُ فَقَتَلَ ثَابِتَ بْنَ أَقْرَمَ، وَعُكَّاشَةَ بْنَ مِحْصَنٍ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ فَلَمْ يُقَدْ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، وَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ مِنْهُ عَقْلٌ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا»\n\n١٧٥٣٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَقَوْلُهُمَا حِينَ جَاءَهُ وَفْدُ بُزَاخَةَ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ وَحَدِيثُ طُلَيْحَةَ وَصَاحِبَيْهِ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَذَكَرَهُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"13","page":79},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1195>بَابُ مَنْعِ الرَّجُلِ نَفْسَهُ وَحَرِيمَهُ</span>","vol":"13","page":80},{"text":"١٧٥٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ»","vol":"13","page":80},{"text":"١٧٥٣٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أُخْبِرْنَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَوْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ، أَوْ بَعْضَ الْولَاةِ، بَعَثَ إِلَى الْوَهْطِ لِيَقُصَّهُ، فَلَبِسَ ابْنُ عَمْرٍو سِلَاحَهُ، وَجَمَعَ مَنْ أَطَاعَهُ وَجَلَسَ عَلَى بَابِهِ، فَقِيلَ: أَتُقَاتِلُ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا يَمْنَعُنِي أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ؟»","vol":"13","page":80},{"text":"١٧٥٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ»\n\n١٧٥٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمِنْ جِهَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٧٥٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: «وَمَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ أَهْلِهِ، أَوْ دُونَ دَمِهِ، أَوْ دُونَ دِينِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ»","vol":"13","page":81},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1196>بَابُ مَا يُسْقِطُ الْقِصَاصَ مِنَ الْعَمْدِ</span>","vol":"13","page":82},{"text":"١٧٥٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ قَالَ: غَزَوْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ غَزْوَةً قَالَ: وَكَانَ يَعْلَى يَقُولُ: وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةُ أَوْثَقَ عَمَلِي فِي نَفْسِي قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: قَالَ صَفْوَانُ: قَالَ يَعْلَى: كَانَ لِي أَجِيرٌ فَقَاتَلَ إِنْسَانًا فَعَضَّ أَحَدُهُمَا يَدَ الْآخَرِ، فَانْتَزَعَ الْمَعْضُوضُ يَدَهُ مِنْ فِي الْعَاضِّ فَذَهَبَتْ إِحْدَى ثَنِيَّتَيْهِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَهْدَرَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: وَحَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «أَيَدَعُ يَدَهُ فِي فِيكَ فَتَقْضَمَهَا كَأَنَّهَا فِي فَحْلٍ يَقْضَمُهَا؟» قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي صَفْوَانُ أَيُّهُمَا عَضَّ فَنَسِيتُهُ ⦗٨٣⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ","vol":"13","page":82},{"text":"١٧٥٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ إِنْسَانًا جَاءَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقٍ ﵁ وَعَضَّهُ إِنْسَانٌ، فَانْتَزَعَ يَدَهُ مِنْهُ فَذَهَبَتْ سِنَّتُهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁:  «بَعُدَتْ سِنَّةٌ»","vol":"13","page":83},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1197>بَابُ الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ الرَّجُلَ فَيَقْتُلُهُ</span>","vol":"13","page":84},{"text":"١٧٥٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ سَعْدًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَجَدْتُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِي رَجُلًا، أَأُمْهِلُهُ حَتَّى آتِيَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»","vol":"13","page":84},{"text":"١٧٥٤٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: ابْنُ خَيْبَرِيٍّ، وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلَهُ، أَوْ قَتَلَهَا، فَأُشْكِلَ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ الْقَضَاءُ فِيهَا، فَكَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى يَسْأَلُ لَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَسَأَلَ أَبُو مُوسَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّيْءَ مَا هُوَ بِأَرْضِنَا، عَزَمْتُ إِلَيْكَ لَتُخْبِرَنِّي، فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ مُعَاوِيَةُ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «أَنَا أَبُو حَسَنٍ» إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَلْيُعْطَ بِرُمَّتِهِ \"","vol":"13","page":85},{"text":"١٧٥٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ فِي قَوْمٍ دَخَلُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي دَارِ قَوْمٍ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ، فَأَصْبَحُوا وَقَدْ جَاءَتْ عَشَائِرُهُمْ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَرَفَعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: وَمَا جَمَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي دَارٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَيْلًا؟ - وَقَالَ بِيَدِهِ فَقَلَّبَهَا ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: لُصُوصٌ قَتَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، قُومُوا فَقَدْ أُهْدِرَتْ دِمَاؤُهُمْ \" فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: إِنْ أَضْمَنْ هَذِهِ الدِّمَاءَ؟ فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ «أَعْلَمُ بِنَفْسِكَ»\n\n١٧٥٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا ⦗٨٦⦘\n\n١٧٥٤٨ - أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَرْوِي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلَهُ، فَسُئِلَ عَلِيٌّ فَقَالَ: «إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَلْيُعْطَ بِرُمَّتِهِ» أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ\n١٧٥٤٩ - وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ نَحْنُ وَهُمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ فِي اللِّصِّ يَدْخُلُ دَارَ رَجُلٍ فَيَقْتُلُهُ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى الْمَقْتُولِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُعْرَفُ بِاللُّصُوصِيَّةِ قُتِلَ الْقَاتِلُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يُعْرَفُ بِاللُّصُوصِيَّةِ دُرِئَ عَنِ الْقَاتِلِ الْقَتْلُ، وَكَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ الدِّيَةَ، وَهَذَا خِلَافُ مَا رَوَوْا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ كُلَّهُ\n\n١٧٥٥٠ - قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: فِيمَا قَرَأْنَا عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ أَهْدَرَهُ وَقَالَ: هَذَا قَتِيلُ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهِ لَا يُودَى أَبَدًا","vol":"13","page":85},{"text":"١٧٥٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَضَافَ نَاسًا مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ فَذَهَبَتْ جَارِيَةٌ لَهُمْ تَحْتَطِبُ، فَأَرَادَهَا رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا، فَرَمَتْهُ بِفِهْرٍ فَقَتَلْتُهُ، فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: «ذَاكَ قَتِيلُ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهِ لَا يُودَى أَبَدًا»\n\n١٧٥٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا عِنْدَنَا مِنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ قَامَتْ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى الْمَقْتُولِ، أَوْ عَلَى أَنَّ وَلِيَّ الْمَقْتُولِ أَقَرَّ عِنْدَهُ بِمَا وَجَبَ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ الْمَقْتُولَ ⦗٨٧⦘\n\n١٧٥٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَنْتَ تُخَالِفُ ظَاهِرَهُ، عُمَرُ لَمْ يَسْأَلْ أَنْ يُعْرَفَ الْمَقْتُولُ بِالزِّنَا أَمْ لَا، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ فِيهِ دِيَةً، وَأَنْتَ تَجْعَلُ فِيهِ دِيَةً\n\n١٧٥٥٤ - قَالَ: فَإِنِّي إِنَّمَا قِسْتُهُ عَلَى حُكْمٍ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: رَوَى عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي شَيْبَانَ قَتَلَ نَصْرَانِيًّا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ: إِنْ كَانَ الْقَاتِلُ مَعْرُوفًا بِالْقَتْلِ فَاقْتُلُوهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مَعْرُوفٍ بِالْقَتْلِ فَدُوهُ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوهُ\n\n١٧٥٥٥ - فَقُلْتُ: وَهَذَا غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا عِنْدَكَ أَفَتَقُولُ بِهِ؟\n\n١٧٥٥٦ - قَالَ: لَا، بَلْ يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ لِلنَّصْرَانِيِّ كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا بِالْقَتْلِ أَوْ غَيْرَ مَعْرُوفٍ بِهِ\n\n١٧٥٥٧ - قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَوَ يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدٍ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يَزْعُمَ أَنَّ قَضِيَّةً رَوَاهَا عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ كَمَا قَضَى بِهِ ثُمَّ يَقِيسُ عَلَيْهَا\n\n١٧٥٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: وَيُخْطِئُ الْقِيَاسُ الَّذِي رَوَيْتَهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُنْظَرَ فِي حَالِ الْقَاتِلِ أَمَعْرُوفٌ بِالْقَتْلِ فَيُقَادَ مِنْهُ، أَوْ غَيْرَ مَعْرُوفٍ بِهِ فَرَفَعَ عَنْهُ الْقَوَدَ، وَأَنْتَ لَمْ تَنْظُرْ فِي السَّارِقِ إِلَى الْقَاتِلِ إِنَّمَا نَظَرْتَ إِلَى الْمَقْتُولِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"13","page":86},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1198>التَّعَدِّي وَالِاطِّلَاعُ</span>","vol":"13","page":88},{"text":"١٧٥٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأً اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذَنْ فَخَذَفْتَهُ بِحَصَاةٍ فَفَقَأْتَ عَيْنَهُ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْكَ جُنَاحٌ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":88},{"text":"١٧٥٦٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٨٩⦘: سَمِعْتُ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، يَقُولُ: اطَّلَعَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ حُجْرٍ فِي حُجْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِدْرًى يَحُكُّ بِهِ رَأْسَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَنْظُرُ لَطَعَنْتُ بِهِ فِي عَيْنِكَ، إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الِاسْتِئْذَانُ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْبَصَرِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":88},{"text":"١٧٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ فِي بَيْتِهِ فَرَأَى رَجُلًا اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَهْوَى لَهُ بِمِشْقَصٍ فِي يَدِهِ كَأَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَتَأَخَّرْ لَمْ يُبَالِ أَنْ يَطْعَنَهُ»\n\n١٧٥٦٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ ⦗٩٠⦘\n\n١٧٥٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ ثَبَتَّ فَفَقَأْتُ عَيْنَكَ ...»","vol":"13","page":89},{"text":"١٧٥٦٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا اطَّلَعَ فِي بَيْتِ رَجُلٍ فَفَقَأَ عَيْنَهُ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"13","page":90},{"text":"١٧٥٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ النَّرْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ\n\n١٧٥٦٦ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُعَلَّى الشُّونِيزِيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا اطَّلَعَ عَلَى جَارِهِ فَخَذَفَ عَيْنَهُ بِحَصَاةٍ فَلَا دِيَةَ وَلَا قِصَاصَ» ⦗٩١⦘\n\n١٧٥٦٧ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ\n\n١٧٥٦٨ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى جَارِهِ فَأَصَابَتْهُ جِرَاحَةٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"13","page":90},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1199>بَابُ الضَّمَانِ عَلَى الْبَهَائِمِ</span>","vol":"13","page":92},{"text":"١٧٥٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ»","vol":"13","page":93},{"text":"١٧٥٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُبَارٌ، وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ، وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمْسُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":93},{"text":"١٧٥٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الْحَافِظُ، بِأَسَدَابَادَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، بِمِصْرَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ، وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ، وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ»\n\n١٧٥٧٢ - زَادَ فِيهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمْسُ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ: «جُرْحُهَا»\n\n١٧٥٧٣ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ لِمَالِكٍ، لَيْسَ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، وَلَا فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ\n\n١٧٥٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هُوَ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الرِّكَازِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ مُخْتَصَرًا فِي الرِّكَازِ","vol":"13","page":94},{"text":"١٧٥٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أَنَّ نَاقَةً لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ دَخَلَتْ حَائِطًا لِقَوْمٍ فَأَفْسَدَتْ فِيهِ، «فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ حِفْظَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَمَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْمَوَاشِي بِاللَّيْلِ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا»","vol":"13","page":94},{"text":"١٧٥٧٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، أَنَّ نَاقَةً لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ دَخَلَتْ حَائِطَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَفْسَدَتْ فِيهِ، «فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحَوَائِطِ حِفْظَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَاشِيَةِ مَا أَفْسَدَتْ مَاشِيَتُهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ»\n\n١٧٥٧٧ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الْفِرْيَابِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَمُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، مَوْصُولًا يَذْكُرُ الْبَرَاءَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":95},{"text":"١٧٥٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَحَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أَنَّ نَاقَةً لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ دَخَلَتْ حَائِطَ قَوْمٍ فَأَفْسَدَتْ، \" فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ حِفْظَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ بِالنَّهَارِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَاشِيَةِ مَا أَفْسَدَتْ مَوَاشِيهِمْ بِاللَّيْلِ، أَوْ قَالَ: مَا أَصَابَتْ مَوَاشِيهِمْ \"\n\n١٧٥٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"13","page":95},{"text":"١٧٥٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّ نَاقَةً لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ دَخَلَتْ حَائِطَ قَوْمٍ فَأَفْسَدَتْ فِيهِ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَوَاشِي حِفْظَهَا بِاللَّيْلِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ حِفْظَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ» ⦗٩٦⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الْبُوسْنِيِّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n١٧٥٨١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْمَرْوَزِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، فَقَدْ صَحَّ وَصْلُ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ هَذَيْنِ الْوَجْهَيْنِ، فَالَّذِينَ وَصَلُوهُ ثِقَاتٌ، وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِمَا مُرْسَلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، وَمُرْسَلُ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، وَهُمَا مِنْ أَكَابِرِ التَّابِعِينَ\n\n١٧٥٨٢ - وَرَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، مَوْصُولًا\n\n١٧٥٨٣ - وَكَانَ شُرَيْحٌ الْقَاضِي يَضْمَنُ مَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْغَنَمُ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَلَا يَضْمَنُ مَا أَفْسَدَتْ بِالنَّهَارِ، وَيَتَنَاوَلُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ﴾، وَيَقُولُ: كَانَ النَّفْشُ بِاللَّيْلِ\n\n١٧٥٨٤ - وَلَا يَجُوزُ دَعْوَى النَّسْخِ فِي حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بِحَدِيثِ: «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُبَارٌ» مِنْ غَيْرِ تَارِيخٍ وَلَا سَبَبٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّسْخِ وَالْحَكَمُ فِي الْحَدِيثَيْنِ عَلَى مَا قَالَ صَاحِبُنَا ﵀، وَهُوَ فِيمَا:\n\n١٧٥٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَأَخَذْنَا بِهِ، يَعْنِي بِحَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، قَضَاءً لِثُبُوتِهِ وَاتِّصَالِهِ وَمَعْرِفَةِ رِجَالِهِ، وَلَا يُخَالِفُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ حَدِيثَ: «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ»، وَلَكِنَّ: «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ» جُمْلَةٌ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ الْعَامِّ الْمَخْرَجِ الَّذِي ⦗٩٧⦘ يُرَادُ بِهِ الْخَاصَّ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ»، وَقَضَى فِيمَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْعَجْمَاءُ بِشَيْءٍ فِي حَالٍ دُونَ حَالٍ، دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ مَا أَصَابَتِ الْعَجْمَاءُ مِنْ جُرْحٍ وَغَيْرِهِ فِي حَالٍ جُبَارٌ، وَفِي حَالٍ غَيْرُ جُبَارٍ\n\n١٧٥٨٦ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعَجْمَاءِ حِفْظُهَا ضَمِنُوا مَا أَصَابَتْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِمْ حِفْظُهَا لَمْ يَضْمَنُوا أَشْيَاءَ مِمَّا أَصَابَتْ، فَضَمِنَ أَهْلُ الْمَاشِيَةِ السَّائِمَةِ بِاللَّيْلِ مَا أَصَابَتْ مِنْ زَرْعٍ، وَلَا يَضْمَنُونَهُ بِالنَّهَارِ، وَيَضْمَنُ الْقَائِدُ وَالرَّاكِبُ وَالسَّائِرُ؛ لِأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ حِفْظَهَا فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ، وَلَا يَضْمَنُونَ لَوِ انْفَلَتَتْ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذِكْرِ نَظَائِرِهَا\n\n١٧٥٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، فِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً بِإِسْنَادِهِ: وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ «الرِّجْلُ جُبَارٌ» فَهُوَ غَلَطٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْحُفَّاظَ لَمْ يَحْفَظُوا هَكَذَا\n\n١٧٥٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْأَمْرُ فِيهِ عَلَى مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّ حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي «الْعَجْمَاءُ جُبَارٌ» رَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَمَعْمَرٌ، وَعُقَيْلٌ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمُ «الرِّجْلُ جُبَارٌ» إِلَّا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حُسَيْنٍ، فَإِنَّهُ رَوَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الصُّوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٩٨⦘\n\n١٧٥٨٩ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ فِيمَا عَلِمْتُ\n\n١٧٥٩٠ - وَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ: فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: لَمْ يُتَابِعْ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ: «الرِّجْلُ جُبَارٌ» أَحَدٌ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ؛ لِأَنَّ الثِّقَاتَ خَالَفُوهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرُوا ذَلِكَ\n\n١٧٥٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ\n\n١٧٥٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا تُعْرَفُ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي قَيْسٍ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَرْوَانَ، عَنْ هُزَيْلِ بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا\n\n١٧٥٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِيهِ، وَقَيْسٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَأَبُو قَيْسٍ أَيْضًا غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٧٥٩٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو جُزَيٍّ نَصْرُ بْنُ طَرِيفٍ، عَنِ السَّرِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَوْقَفَ دَابَّةً فِي سَبِيلٍ مِنْ سُبُلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، أَوْ فِي أَسْوَاقِهِمْ، فَأَوْطَتْ بِيَدٍ أَوْ رَجْلٍ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ»\n\n١٧٥٩٥ - وَهَذَا لَا يَصِحُّ، أَبُو جُزَيٍّ وَالسَّرِيُّ ضَعِيفَانِ","vol":"13","page":95},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1200>بَابُ أَخْذِ الْوَلِيِّ بِالْوَلِيِّ</span>\n١٧٥٩٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَى، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [النجم: ٣٧]","vol":"13","page":99},{"text":"١٧٥٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبْجَرَ، عَنْ إِيَادِ بْنِ لَقِيطٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رِمْثَةَ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗١٠٠⦘: «مَنْ هَذَا؟» قَالَ: ابْنِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَشْهَدُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَا يَجْنِي عَلَيْكَ، وَلَا تَجْنِي عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"13","page":99},{"text":"١٧٥٩٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: \" كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُؤْخَذُ بِذَنْبِ غَيْرِهِ حَتَّى جَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [النجم: ٣٨] \"\n\n١٧٥٩٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي سَمِعْتُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [النجم: ٣٨] أَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ أَحَدٌ بِذَنْبِ غَيْرِهِ فِي بَدَنَهِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَزَى الْعِبَادَ عَلَى أَعْمَالِهِمْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَعَاقَبَهُمْ عَلَيْهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ، لَا يَجْنِي أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فِي مَالٍ إِلَّا حَيْثُ خَصَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ بِأَنَّ جِنَايَةَ الْخَطَأِ مِنَ الْحُرِّ عَلَى الْآدَمَيِّينَ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"13","page":100},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1201>٣٥ - كِتَابُ السِّيَرِ</span>","vol":"13","page":101},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1202>مَدْخَلٌ إِلَى السِّيَرِ</span>","vol":"13","page":103},{"text":"١٧٦٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونَ﴾ [الذاريات: ٥٦]\n\n١٧٦٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ لِعِبَادَتِهِ»\n\n١٧٦٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يَعْنِي خَلَقَ مَنْ يَعْبُدُهُ لِعِبَادَتِهِ، وَرُوِيَ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ\n\n١٧٦٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ أَبَانَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنَّ خِيَرَتَهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ أَنْبِيَاؤُهُ، فَقَالَ: ﴿كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٣]\n\n١٧٦٠٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: ثُمَّ اصْطَفَى مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ مِنْ خَيْرِ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَنْزَلَ كُتَبَهُ قَبْلَ إِنْزَالِهِ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ بِصِفَةِ فَضِيلَتِهِ وَفَضِيلَةِ مَنْ تَبِعَهُ، فَقَالَ: ﴿مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٩] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿ذَلِكَ مَثَلُهُمْ ⦗١٠٥⦘ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَمَثَلُهُمْ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ كَزَرْعٍ أَخْرَجَ شَطْأَهُ فَآزَرَهُ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٩] الْآيَةَ\n\n١٧٦٠٥ - وَقَالَ لِأُمَّتِهِ: ﴿كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١١٠]\n\n١٧٦٠٦ - ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَهُ فَاتِحَ رَحْمَتِهِ عِنْدَ فَتْرَةِ رُسُلِهِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ بَشِيرٍ وَلَا نَذِيرٍ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ﴾ [المائدة: ١٩]، وَقَالَ: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ﴾ [الجمعة: ٢]\n\n١٧٦٠٧ - وَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى خَلْقِهِ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ وَأُمِّيِّينَ، وَأَنَّهُ فَتْحَ بِهِ رَحْمَتَهُ، وَخَتَمَ بِهِ نُبُوَّتَهُ، فَقَالَ: ﴿مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٠]\n\n١٧٦٠٨ - وَقَضَى أَنْ يُظْهِرَ دِينُهُ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٣٣] الْآيَةَ","vol":"13","page":104},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1203>مُبْتَدَأُ التَّنْزِيلِ وَالْفَرْضِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ</span>","vol":"13","page":106},{"text":"١٧٦٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «لَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَائِضَهُ كَمَا شَاءَ، لَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِ»\n\n١٧٦١٠ - وَيُقَالُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ﴾ [العلق: ١]\n\n١٧٦١١ - ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَهَا مَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ فِيهِ بِأَنْ يَدْعُوَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ\n\n١٧٦١٢ - فَمَرَّتْ لِذَلِكَ مُدَّةٌ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ: أَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ عَنِ اللَّهِ بِأَنْ يُعْلِمَهُمْ نُزُولَ الْوَحْيِ إِلَيْهِ، وَيَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِهِ، فَكَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، وَخَافَ التَّكْذِيبَ وَأَنْ يُتَنَاوَلَ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكِ وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ﴾ [المائدة: ٦٧]، فَقَالَ: يَعْصِمُكَ مِنْ قَتْلِهِمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوكَ حَتَّى تُبَلِّغَ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ\n\n١٧٦١٣ - فَبَلَّغَ مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ، فَاسْتَهْزَأَ بِهِ قَوْمٌ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ: ﴿فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ﴾ [الحجر: ٩٥]\n\n١٧٦١٤ - وَأَعْلَمَهُ مَنْ أَعْلَمَهُ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَا يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَقَالُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ﴾ [الإسراء: ٩٠]، الْآيَةَ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيمَا يُثَبِّتُهُ بِهِ إِذْ ضَاقَ مِنْ أَذَاهُمْ: ﴿وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ يَضِيقُ صَدْرُكَ بِمَا يَقُولُونَ، فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَكُنْ مِنَ السَّاجِدِينَ، وَاعْبُدْ رَبَّكَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَكَ الْيَقِينُ﴾ [الحجر: ٩٧]\n⦗١٠٩⦘\n\n١٧٦١٥ - فَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ إِبْلَاغَهُمْ وَعِبَادَتَهُ، وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ عَلَيْهِ قِتَالَهُمْ، وَأَبَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي غَيْرِ آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِعُزْلَتِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ [الكافرون: ١]\n\n١٧٦١٦ - وَذَكَرَ سَائِرَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ: وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ لَا يَسُبُّوا أَنْدَادَهُمْ، وَذَكَرَ الْآيَةَ\n\n١٧٦١٧ - قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ بَعْدَ هَذَا فِي الْحَالِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ فِيهَا عُزْلَةَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ الَّذِينَ يَخُوضُونَ فِي آيَاتِنَا فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ [الأنعام: ٦٨]، وَقَالَ لِمَنْ تَبِعَهُ: ﴿فَلَا تَقْعُدُوا مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى يَخُوضُوا فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيْرِهِ﴾ [النساء: ١٤٠]","vol":"13","page":108},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1204>الْإِذْنُ بِالْهِجْرَةِ</span>\n١٧٦١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِمَكَّةَ زَمَانًا، لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُمْ فِيهِ بِالْهِجْرَةِ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ بِالْهِجْرَةِ وَجَعَلَ لَهُمْ مَخْرَجًا، فَيُقَالُ: نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]\n\n١٧٦١٩ - فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ مَخْرَجًا، وَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَنْ يُهَاجِرْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُرَاغَمًا كَثِيرًا وَسَعَةً﴾ [النساء: ١٠٠]\n\n١٧٦٢٠ - وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، فَهَاجَرَتْ إِلَيْهَا مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ\n\n١٧٦٢١ - ثُمَّ دَخَلَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَأَمَرَ طَائِفَةً فَهَاجَرَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ، غَيْرَ مُحَرِّمٍ عَلَى مَنْ بَقِيَ تَرْكَ الْهِجْرَةِ ⦗١١١⦘\n\n١٧٦٢٢ - فَتَلَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيهِمْ آيَاتٍ قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ ﷺ بِالْهِجْرَةَ فَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ","vol":"13","page":110},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1205>مُبْتَدَأُ الْإِذْنِ بِالْقِتَالِ</span>\n١٧٦٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا: ثُمَّ أَذِنَ لَهُمْ بِأَنْ يَبْتَدِئُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِقِتَالٍ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا﴾ [الحج: ٣٩]، وَأَبَاحَ لَهُمُ الْقِتَالَ بِمَعْنَى آيَاتِهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ، فَقَالَ عَزَّ اسْمُهُ: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٠] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ كَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩١]\n\n١٧٦٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يُقَالُ: نَزَلَ هَذَا فِي أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، وَهُمْ كَانُوا أَشَدَّ الْعَدُوِّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَفُرِضَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ: نُسِخَ هَذَا كُلُّهُ وَالنَّهْيُ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ حَتَّى يُقَاتَلُوا وَالنَّهْيُ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٣] الْآيَةَ، وَنُزُولُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ بَعْدَ فَرْضِ الْجِهَادِ","vol":"13","page":112},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1206>فَرَضُ الْهِجْرَةِ</span>\n١٧٦٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا: وَلَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الْجِهَادَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ إِذْ كَانَ أَبَاحَهُ، وَأَثْخَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، وَرَأَوْا كَثْرَةَ مَنْ دَخَلَ فِي دَيْنِ اللَّهِ، اشْتَدُّوا عَلَى مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ، فَفَتَنُوهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ أَوْ مَنْ فَتَنُوا مِنْهُمْ، فَعَذَرَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ مَنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ مِنَ الْمَفْتُونِينَ، فَقَالَ: إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ، «فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مَخْرَجًا، فَفَرَضَ عَلَى مَنْ قَدِرَ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ الْخُرُوجَ إِذَا كَانَ مِمَّنْ يُفْتَنُ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَلَا يُمْنَعُ»، فَقَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ تُوفِّيَ تَخَلَّفَ عَنِ الْهِجْرَةِ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ \"\n\n١٧٦٢٦ - وَأَبَانَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ عُذْرَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فَقَالَ: إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا، فَأُولَئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ قَالَ: وَيُقَالُ: عَسَى مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاجِبَةٌ\n\n١٧٦٢٧ - وَدَلَّتْ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّ فَرْضَ الْهِجْرَةِ عَلَى مَنْ أَطَاقَهَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَلَى مَنْ فُتِنَ عَنْ دِينِهِ بِالْبَلْدَةِ الَّتِي يُسْلِمُ بِهَا؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَذِنَ لِقَوْمٍ بِمَكَّةَ أَنْ ⦗١١٤⦘ يُقِيمُوا بِهَا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ \"، مِنْهُمُ: الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَغَيْرُهُ، إِذْ لَمْ يَخَافُوا الْفِتْنَةَ\n\n١٧٦٢٨ - وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ جُيُوشَهُ أَنْ يَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَسْلَمَ: إِنْ هَاجَرْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَإِنْ أَقَمْتُمْ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَيْسَ يُخَيِّرُهُمْ إِلَّا فِيمَا يَحِلُّ لَهُمْ","vol":"13","page":113},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1207>أَصْلُ فَرْضِ الْجِهَادِ</span>\n١٧٦٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا: \" وَلَمَّا مَضَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُدَّةٌ مِنْ هِجْرَتِهِ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا عَلَى جَمَاعَاتٍ بِاتِّبَاعِهِ، حَدَثَتْ لَهُمْ بِهَا، مَعَ عَوْنِ اللَّهِ، قُوَّةٌ بِالْعَدَدِ لَمْ تَكُنْ قَبْلَهَا، فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجِهَادَ بَعْدَ إِذْ كَانَ إِبَاحَةً لَا فَرْضًا، فَقَالَ ﵎: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَكُمْ وَعَسَى أَنْ تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٦] \" الْآيَةَ\n\n١٧٦٣٠ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٠]\n⦗١١٦⦘\n\n١٧٦٣١ - وَقَالَ: ﴿انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا وَجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٤١]\n\n١٧٦٣٢ - وَذَكَرَ آيَاتٍ أُخَرَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَعَ مَا ذَكَرَ بِهِ: فُرِضَ الْجِهَادُ، وَأَوْجَبَ عَلَى الْمُتَخَلِّفِ عَنْهُ","vol":"13","page":115},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1208>مَنْ لَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْجِهَادُ</span>\n١٧٦٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا: «فَلَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الْجِهَادَ دَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ، ثُمَّ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، أَنْ لَمْ يُفْرَضِ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى الْجِهَادِ عَلَى مَمْلُوكٍ، أَوْ أُنْثَى، وَلَا حُرٍّ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ»\n\n١٧٦٣٤ - وَذَكَرَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي دَلَّتْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ","vol":"13","page":117},{"text":"١٧٦٣٥ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَوْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، الشَّكُّ مِنَ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «عُرِضْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ فَرَدَّنِي، وَعُرِضْتُ عَلَيْهِ عَامَ الْخَنْدَقِ، وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فَأَجَازَنِي» ⦗١١٨⦘\n\n١٧٦٣٦ - قَدْ رَوَاهُ فِي مَوَاضِعَ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، لَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ\n\n١٧٦٣٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ\n\n١٧٦٣٨ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ وَالْحَدِيثُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٧٦٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَأَجَازَهُ إِذْ بَلَغَ أَنْ تَجِبَ عَلَيْهِ الْفَرَائِضُ، وَرَدَّهُ إِذْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهَا، وَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مَعَهُ بِبَضْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، مِنْهُمْ: زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَرَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ.\n\n١٧٦٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اسْتَصْغَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَاسًا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، مِنْهُمْ زَيْدُ بْنُ جَارِيَةَ، يَعْنِي نَفْسَهُ، وَالْبَرَاءُ بْنُ عَازِبٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٧٦٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَشَهِدَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْقِتَالَ عَبِيدٌ وَنِسَاءٌ وَغَيْرُ بَالِغِينَ فَرَضَخَ لَهُمْ وَلَمْ يُسْهِمْ، فَدُلَّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا فَرْضَ لِلْجِهَادِ عَلَيْهِمْ","vol":"13","page":117},{"text":"١٧٦٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَاتِمٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ ⦗١١٩⦘ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ، كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ خِلَالٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّ نَاسًا يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يُكَاتِبُ الْحَرُورِيَّةَ، وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ أَكْتُمَ عِلْمًا لَمَا كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَكَتَبَ نَجْدَةُ إِلَيْهِ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي: هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْزُو بِالنِّسَاءِ؟ وَهَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَضْرِبُ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ؟ وَهَلْ كَانَ يَقْتُلُ الصِّبْيَانَ؟ وَمَتَى يَنْقَضِي يُتْمُ الْيَتِيمِ؟ وَعَنِ الْخُمُسِ لِمَنْ هُوَ؟ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّكَ كَتَبْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي: هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْزُو بِالنِّسَاءِ؟ وَقَدْ كَانَ يَغْزُو بِهِنَّ يُدَاوِينَ الْمَرْضَى، وَيُحْذَيْنَ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَأَمَّا السَّهْمُ فَلَمْ يَضْرِبْ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ، وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَقْتُلِ الْوِلْدَانَ، فَلَا تَقْتُلْهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تَعْلَمُ مِنْهُمْ مَا عَلِمَ الْخَضِرُ مِنَ الصَّبِيِّ الَّذِي قَتَلَ، فَتُمَيِّزُ الْمُؤْمِنَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِ فَتَقْتُلَ الْكَافِرَ وَتَدَعُ الْمُؤْمِنَ \"، وَكَتَبْتَ: \" مَتَى يَنْقَضِي يُتْمُ الْيَتِيمِ؟ وَلَعَمْرِي إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَتَشِيبُ لِحْيَتُهُ، وَإِنَّهُ لَضَعِيفُ الْأَخْذِ ضَعِيفُ الْإِعْطَاءِ، فَإِذَا أَخَذَ لِنَفْسِهِ مِنْ صَالِحِ مَا يَأْخُذُ النَّاسُ فَقَدْ ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ الْيُتْمُ، وَكَتَبْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْخُمُسِ، وَإِنَّا كُنَّا نَقُولُ: هُوَ لَنَا، فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَيْنَا قَوْمُنَا فَصَبَرْنَا عَلَيْهِ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n١٧٦٤٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ ⦗١٢٠⦘ الْقِصَّةِ: وَأَمَّا النِّسَاءُ وَالْعَبِيدُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ مَعْلُومٌ إِذَا حَضَرُوا النَّاسَ، وَلَكِنْ يُحْذَوْنَ مِنْ غَنَائِمِ الْقَوْمِ","vol":"13","page":118},{"text":"١٧٦٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَلَمَةُ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ وَلَدِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَا أَسْمَعُ اللَّهَ ذَكَرَ النِّسَاءَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ بِشَيْءٍ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ أَنِّي لَا أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَامِلٍ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى﴾ [آل عمران: ١٩٥] \"\n\n١٧٦٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَزَادَ: قَالَ الْأَنْصَارُ: هِيَ أَوَّلُ ظَعِينَةٍ قَدِمَتْ عَلَيْنَا","vol":"13","page":120},{"text":"١٧٦٤٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: يَغْزُو الرِّجَالُ وَلَا نَغْزُوا، وَإِنَّمَا لَنَا نِصْفُ الْمِيرَاثِ، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ﴾ [النساء: ٣٢] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، وَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ. . . . . .﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٥] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ","vol":"13","page":120},{"text":"١٧٦٤٧ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَقِيبَ الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ فِي حُرْمَةِ نِسَاءِ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا ⦗١٢١⦘ قَعْنَبٌ التَّمِيمِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً خِيَارًا، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" حُرْمَةُ نِسَاءِ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ فِي الْحُرْمَةِ كَأُمَّهَاتِهِمْ، وَمَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْقَاعِدِينَ يَخْلُفُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي أَهْلِهِ إِلَّا نُصِبَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: يَا فُلَانُ، هَذَا فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ خَانَكَ، فَخُذْ مِنْ حَسَنَاتِهِ مَا شِئْتَ \"، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا ظَنُّكُمْ؟» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":120},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1209>بَابُ مَنْ لَهُ عُذْرٌ بِالضَّعْفِ وَغَيْرِهِ</span>\n١٧٦٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِي الْجِهَادِ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَى وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٩١] الْآيَةَ\n\n١٧٦٤٩ - وَقَالَ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَى حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ. . . . . . . .﴾ [النور: ٦١]\n\n١٧٦٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقِيلَ: الْأَعْرَجُ: الْمَقْعَدُ، وَالْأَغْلَبُ أَنَّهُ الْعَرَجُ فِي الرِّجْلِ الْوَاحِدَةِ، وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ أَنْ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يُجَاهِدُوا، وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ مَا قَالُوا غَيْرَ مُحْتَمِلَةٍ غَيْرَهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":122},{"text":"١٧٦٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [النساء: ٩٥] دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَيْدًا، فَجَاءَ ⦗١٢٣⦘ بِكَتِفٍ فَكَتَبَهَا، فَشَكَى ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ ضَرَارَاتَهُ فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ [النساء: ٩٥] أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ","vol":"13","page":122},{"text":"١٧٦٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنْ قُتِلْتُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا مُقْبِلًا غَيْرَ مُدْبِرٍ أَيُكَفِّرُ اللَّهُ عَنِّي خَطَايَايَ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى الرَّجُلُ نَادَاهُ ٠٠٠ فَنُودِيَ فَقَالَ: «كَيْفَ قُلْتَ؟» قَالَ: فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلَ، فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، إِلَّا الدَّيْنَ، كَذَلِكَ قَالَ لِي جِبْرِيلُ ﵇» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ","vol":"13","page":123},{"text":"١٧٦٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا الطَّحَاوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ ضَرَبْتُ بِسَيْفِي هَذَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا مُقْبِلًا غَيْرَ مُدْبِرٍ أَيُكَفِّرُ اللَّهُ عَنِّي خَطَايَايَ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ قَالَ: \" تَعَالَ، هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ يَقُولُ: إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ دَيْنٌ \" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ\n\n١٧٦٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: فَإِذَا كَانَ يَحْجُبُهُ مَعَ الشَّهَادَةِ عَنِ الْجَنَّةِ الدَّيْنُ، فَبَيِّنٌ أَنْ لَا يَجُوزَ لَهُ الْجِهَادُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ أَهْلُ الدَّيْنِ\n\n١٧٦٥٥ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يُجَاهِدَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ أَبَوَيْهِ، وَإِذَا كَانَا عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِهِ فَإِنَّمَا يُجَاهِدُ أَهْلَ دِينِهِمَا فَلَا طَاعَةَ لَهُمَا عَلَيْهِ فِي تَرْكِ الْجِهَادِ، وَلَهُ الْجِهَادُ وَإِنْ خَالَفَهُمَا","vol":"13","page":124},{"text":"١٧٦٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَاسْتَأْذَنَهُ فِي الْجِهَادِ، فَقَالَ: «أَحَيٌّ وَالِدَاكَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَفِيهِمَا فَجَاهِدْ» ⦗١٢٥⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَيَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي الْجِهَادِ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ\n\n١٧٦٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: وَتَرَكْتُ أَبَوَيَّ يَبْكِيَانِ، فَقَالَ: «ارْجِعْ فَأَضْحِكْهُمَا كَمَا أَبْكَيْتَهُمَا»\n\n١٧٦٥٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَذِنَا لَكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَارْجِعْ فَاسْتَأْذِنْهُمَا»","vol":"13","page":124},{"text":"١٧٦٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «فَإِذَا كَانَا عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِهِ فَإِنَّمَا يُجَاهِدُ أَهْلَ دِينِهِمَا فَلَا طَاعَةَ لَهُمَا فِي تَرْكِ الْجِهَادِ» ⦗١٢٦⦘\n\n١٧٦٦٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: قَدْ جَاهَدَ ابْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبُوهُ يُجَاهِدُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" وَلَسْتُ أَشُكُّ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ أَبِيهِ لِجِهَادِهِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٧٦٦١ - وَجَاهَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبُوهُ مُتَخَلِّفٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِأُحُدٍ، وَيَخْذِلُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أَطَاعَهُ مَعَ غَيْرِهِمْ مِمَّا لَا شَكَّ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ - فِي كَرَاهِيَتِهِمْ لِجِهَادِهِمْ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"13","page":125},{"text":"١٧٦٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَغْزُوَ بِجُعْلٍ مِنْ مَالِ رَجُلٍ، وَإِنْ غَزَا بِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ وَيَرُدَّ الْجُعَلَ، وَإِنَّمَا أَجَزْتُ لَهُ هَذَا مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ لِأَنَّهُ يَغْزُو بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ حَقِّهِ»\n\n١٧٦٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا حَضَرَ الْوَقْعَةَ صَارَ جِهَادُهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْهُ عِوَضًا\n\n١٧٦٦٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْجَعَائِلِ؟ قَالَ: «لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأَرْتَشِيَ إِلَّا مَا رَشَانِي اللَّهُ»\n\n١٧٦٦٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لِلْغَازِي أَجْرُهُ، وَلِلْجَاعِلِ أَجْرُهُ وَأَجْرُ الْغَازِي» فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - أَنْ يُجَهِّزَ غَازِيًا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَغْزُوَ بِمَا أَعْطَاهُ ⦗١٢٧⦘\n\n١٧٦٦٦ - وَهُوَ نَظِيرُ مَا: رُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ جَهَّزَ غَازِيًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ غَزَا، وَمَنْ خَلَفَهُ فِي أَهْلِهِ بِخَيْرٍ فَقَدْ غَزَا»","vol":"13","page":126},{"text":"١٧٦٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَلَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُجَمِّرَ بِالْغَزْوِ، فَإِنْ جَمَّرَهُمْ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ، وَيَجُوزُ لِكُلِّهِمْ خِلَافُهُ وَالرُّجُوعُ»\n\n١٧٦٦٨ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٧٦٦٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ، وَنَقَلْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسَمِ بِحَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَلَّمُوا عُمَرَ فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ إِعْقَابِ السَّرِيَّةِ\n\n١٧٦٧٠ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ جَيْشًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانُوا بِأَرْضِ فَارِسَ مَعَ أَمِيرِهِمْ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يُعَقِّبُ الْجُيُوشَ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ، فَشُغِلَ عَنْهُمْ عُمَرُ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ الْأَجَلُ قَفَلَ أَهْلُ ذَلِكَ الثَّغْرِ فَاشْتَدَّ ⦗١٢٨⦘ عَلَيْهِ وَأَوْعَدَهُمْ وَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالُوا: يَا عُمَرُ، إِنَّكَ غَفَلْتَ عَنَّا وَتَرَكْتَ فِينَا الَّذِي أَمَرَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ إِعْقَابِ بَعْضِ الْغَزِيَّةِ بَعْضًا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"13","page":127},{"text":"١٧٦٧١ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي فِرَاسٍ قَالَ:  «لَا تُجَمِّرُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَتَفْتِنُوهُمْ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧٦٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالتَّجْمِيرُ عِنْدَنَا جَوْرٌ وَفَسَادٌ وَفِتْنَةٌ عَلَى الرَّعِيَّةِ، وَالَّذِي عَلَيْهِ إِعْقَابُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي كُلِّ سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْأَئِمَّةُ كَانَتْ تَفْعَلُ\n\n١٧٦٧٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِحَفْصَةَ: «كَمْ أَكْثَرُ مَا تَصْبِرُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَنْ زَوْجِهَا؟» فَقَالَتْ: سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةً، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «لَا أَحْبِسُ الْجَيْشَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا»","vol":"13","page":128},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1210>شُهُودُ مَنْ لَا فَرْضَ عَلَيْهِ الْقِتَالُ</span>","vol":"13","page":129},{"text":"١٧٦٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ، كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْزُو بِالنِّسَاءِ، وَهَلْ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ؟ فَقَالَ: «قَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْزُو بِالنِّسَاءِ فَيُدَاوِينَ الْجَرْحَى، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَضْرِبُ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ، وَلَكِنْ يُحْذَيْنِ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ»\n\n١٧٦٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَمَحْفُوظٍ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقِتَالَ الْعَبِيدُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ، وَأَحْذَاهُمْ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ\n\n١٧٦٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي الْيَتِيمِ: مَتَى يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْيُتْمِ؟ وَمَتَى يُضْرَبُ لَهُ بِسَهْمٍ؟ فَقَالَ: إِذَا احْتَلَمَ","vol":"13","page":130},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1211>مَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَغْزُوَ بِهِ بِحَالٍ </span>⦗١٣٢⦘\n١٧٦٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" غَزَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَغَزَا مَعَهُ بَعْضُ مَنْ يُعْرَفُ نِفَاقُهُ فَانْخَذَلَ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ شَهِدَ مَعَهُ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا بِمَا حَكَى اللَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: ﴿مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ١٢]\n\n١٧٦٧٨ - ثُمَّ غَزَا بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَشَهِدَهَا مَعَهُ مِنْهُمْ عَدَدٌ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا بِمَا حَكَى اللَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: ﴿لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْأَذَلَّ﴾ [المنافقون: ٨]، وَغَيْرَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا حَكَى اللَّهُ مِنْ نِفَاقِهِمِ\n\n١٧٦٧٩ - ثُمَّ غَزَا غَزْوَةَ تَبُوكَ، فَشَهِدَهَا مَعَهُ مِنْهُمْ قَوْمٌ نَفَرُوا لَيْلَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ، فَوَقَاهُ اللَّهُ شَرَّهُمْ، وَتَخَلَّفَ آخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ فِيمَنْ بِحَضْرَتِهِ\n\n١٧٦٨٠ - ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَيْهِ غَزَاةَ تَبُوكَ أَوْ مُنْصَرَفَهُ مِنْهَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَلَوْ أَرَادُوا الْخُرُوجَ لَأَعَدُّوا لَهُ عُدَّةً وَلَكِنْ كَرِهَ اللَّهُ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٤٦] قَرَأَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَيَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ فَرِحُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٥٠] فَأَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ ﷺ أَسْرَارَهُمْ وَخَبَرَ السَّمَّاعِينَ لَهُمْ وَابْتِغَاءَهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنُوا مَنْ مَعَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ وَالْإِرْجَافِ وَالتَّخْذِيلِ لَهُمْ، فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ إِذْ كَانُوا عَلَى هَذِهِ إِلَيْهِ، فَكَانَ فِيهَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُمْنَعَ مَنْ عُرِفَ بِمَا عُرِفُوا بِهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَغْزُوَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ ضَرَرٌ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ زَادَ فِي تَأْكِيدِ بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَرِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٨١] قَرَأَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ٨٣]\n⦗١٣٣⦘\n\n١٧٦٨١ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَمَّا أَنْزَلَ هَذَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَخْرُجَ بِهِمْ أَبَدًا وَإِذَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ بِهِمْ فَلَا يُسْهَمُ لَهُمْ لَوْ شَهِدُوا الْقِتَالَ، وَلَا رَضْخَ، وَلَا شَيْءَ\n\n١٧٦٨٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى خِلَافِ هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ فَكَانَتْ فِيهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُغْزَا بِهِ","vol":"13","page":131},{"text":"١٧٦٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نِيَارٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِحَرَّةِ الْوَبَرَةِ أَدْرَكَهُ رَجُلٌ كَانَ يُذْكَرُ مِنْهُ جُرْأَةٌ وَنَجْدَةٌ، فَفَرِحَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ رَأَوْهُ، فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، جِئْتُ لِأَتَّبِعَكَ وَأُصِيبَ مَعَكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَارْجِعْ فَلَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ»، ثُمَّ مَضَى حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ أَدْرَكَهُ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ كَمَا قَالَ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَارْجِعْ فَلَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ» قَالَتْ: فَرَجَعَ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ بِالْبَْدَاءِ فَقَالَ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ: «تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَانْطَلِقْ» ⦗١٣٤⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n١٧٦٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الَّذِي رُوِيَ مَالِكٌ، كَمَا رُوِيَ «رَدُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُشْرِكًا أَوْ مُشْرِكِينَ فِي غَزَاةِ بَدْرٍ، وَأَبَى أَنْ يَسْتَعِينَ إِلَّا بِمُسْلِمٍ»، ثُمَّ «اسْتَعَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ بِسِنِينَ فِي غَزْوَةِ خَيْبَرَ بِعَدَدٍ مِنْ يَهُودِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ كَانُوا أَشِدَّاءَ، وَاسْتَعَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ حُنَيْنٍ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ بِصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ»، فَالرَّدُّ الْأَوَّلُ إِنْ كَانَ بِأَنَّ لَهُ الْخِيَارَ فَلَيْسَ وَاحِدٌ مِنَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مُخَالِفًا لِلْآخَرِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ رَدَّهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ أَنْ يَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ فَقَدْ نَسَخَهُ مَا بَعْدَهُ مِنِ اسْتِعَانَتِهِ بِمُشْرِكِينَ\n\n١٧٦٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَعَلَّهُ رَدَّهُ رَجَاءَ إِسْلَامِهِ، وَذَلِكَ وَاسِعٌ لِلْإِمَامِ، لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ الْمُشْرِكَ وَيَأْذَنَ لَهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":133},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1212>تَفْرِيعُ فَرْضِ الْجِهَادِ</span>","vol":"13","page":135},{"text":"١٧٦٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ يَلُونَكُمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢٣]\n\n١٧٦٨٧ - قَالَ: «فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ جِهَادَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ،\n\n١٧٦٨٨ - ثُمَّ أَبَانَ مَنِ الَّذِينَ يُبْدَأُ بِجِهَادِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ» ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي التَّفْرِيعِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَ حَالُ الْعَدُوِّ فَكَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنْكَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ، أَوْ أَخْوَفَ، فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِالْأَخْوَفِ أَوِ الْأَنْكَا، فَقَدْ بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَبِي ضِرَارٍ أَنَّهُ يَجْمَعُ لَهُ، فَأَغَارَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقُرْبُهُ عَدُوٌّ أَقْرَبُ مِنْهُ\n\n١٧٦٨٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي التَّفْرِيعِ، وَأَقَلُّ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَأْتِيَ عَامٌ إِلَّا وَلَهُ فِيهِ غَزْوَةٌ، حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ الْجِهَادُ مُعَطَّلًا فِي عَامٍ إِلَّا مِنْ عُذْرٍ\n\n١٧٦٩٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَخْلُ مِنْ حِينَ فُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ الْجِهَادُ مِنْ أَنْ غَزَا بِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ فِي عَامٍ مِنْ غَزْو أَوْ غَزْوَيْنِ أَوْ سَرَايَا، وَقَدْ ⦗١٣٦⦘ كَانَ يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ الْوَقْتُ لَا يَغْزُو فِيهِ وَلَا يُسْرَى سَرِيَّةٌ وَقَدْ يُمْكِنُهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَسْتَجِمُّ وَيُجِمُّ لَهُ، وَيَدْعُو أَوْ يُظَاهِرُ الْحُجَجَ عَلَى مَنْ دَعَاهُ\n\n١٧٦٩١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي التَّفْرِيعِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَإِنْ كَانَتْ دَارٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مُمْتَنِعَةً فَأَكْثَرُ مَنْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يُغْزِي مِنْ كُلِّ رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلًا فَيُخَلِّفُ الْمُقِيمَ الظَّاعِنُ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَجْهَرْ إِلَى تَبُوكَ فَأَرَادَ الرُّومَ وَكَثْرَةَ جُمُوعِهِمْ قَالَ: «لِيَخْرُجْ مِنْ كُلِّ رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلٌ»، وَالْمَدِينَةُ مُمْتَنِعَةٌ بِأَقَلِّ مِمَّنْ خَلَّفَ فِيهَا","vol":"13","page":135},{"text":"١٧٦٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ إِلَى بَنِي لِحْيَانَ وَقَالَ: «لِيَخْرُجْ مِنْ كُلِّ رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلٌ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْقَاعِدِ: «أَيُّكُمْ خَلَفَ الْخَارِجَ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ بِخَيْرٍ كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ نِصْفِ أَجْرِ الْخَارِجِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ مَوْلَى الْمَهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ","vol":"13","page":136},{"text":"١٧٦٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُوَلِّيَ الْإِمَامُ الْغَزْوَ إِلَّا ثِقَةً فِي دِينِهِ، شُجَاعًا بِبَدَنِهِ، حَسَنَ ⦗١٣٧⦘ الْأَنَاةِ، عَاقِلًا لِلْحَرْبِ بَصِيرًا بِهَا، غَيْرَ عَجِلٍ وَلَا نَزِقٍ، وَأَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ وَإِلَى مَنْ وَلَّاهُ أَنْ لَا يَحْمِلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى مَهْلَكَةٍ بِحَالٍ»\n\n١٧٦٩٤ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ وَذَكَرَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ","vol":"13","page":136},{"text":"١٧٦٩٤ - مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سَألَهُ: إِذَا حَاصَرْتُمُ الْمَدِينَةَ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُونَ؟ قَالَ: نَبْعَثُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَنَصْنَعُ لَهُ هَنَةً مِنْ جُلُودٍ قَالَ: \" أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ رُمِيَ بِحَجَرٍ؟ قَالَ: إِذًا يُقْتَلُ قَالَ: فَلَا تَفْعَلُوا، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنْ تَفْتَحُوا مَدِينَةً فِيهَا أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ مُقَاتِلٍ بِتَضْيِيعِ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ \"\n\n١٧٦٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْ هَذَا احْتِيَاطٌ وَحُسْنُ نَظَرٍ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ لَهُمْ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ أَنْ يَقْدِمُوا عَلَى مَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِتَعَرُّضِ الْقَتْلِ لِرَجَاءِ إِحْدَى الْحُسْنَيَيْنِ\n\n١٧٦٩٦ - أَلَا تَرَى أَنِّي لَا أَرَى ضِيقًا عَلَى الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ عَلَى الْجَمَاعَةِ حَاسِرًا أَوْ يُبَارِزُ الرَّجُلَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَغْلَبُ أَنَّهُ مَقْتُولٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ بُورِزَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ حَاسِرًا عَلَى جَمَاعَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بَعْدَ إِعْلَامِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِيَّاهُ بِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ، فَقُتِلَ ⦗١٣٨⦘\n\n١٧٦٩٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هُوَ عَوْفُ بْنُ عَفْرَاءَ فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ،\n\n١٧٦٩٨ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٥] فَـ:","vol":"13","page":137},{"text":"١٧٦٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَنَسٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَسْلَمُ أَبُو عِمْرَانَ، مَوْلَى تُجِيبٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا بِقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ مِصْرَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيُّ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ فَضَالَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، فَخَرَجَ صَفٌّ عَظِيمٌ مِنَ الرُّومِ فَصَفَفْنَا لَهُمْ صَفًّا عَظِيمًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى صَفِّ الرُّومِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ فِيهِمْ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا مُقْبِلًا فَصَاحَ فِي النَّاسِ، فَقَالُوا: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَلْقَى بِيَدِهِ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ: إِنَّكُمْ تَتَأَوَّلُونَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ عَلَى هَذَا التَّأْوِيلِ، وَإِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، إِنَّا لَمَّا أَعَزَّ اللَّهُ دِينَهُ وَكَثَّرَ نَاصِرِيهِ قَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ سِرًّا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ أَمْوَالَنَا قَدْ ضَاعَتْ فَلَوْ أَقَمْنَا فِيهَا فَأَصْلَحْنَا مِنْهَا، فَرَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا مَا هَمَمْنَا بِهِ قَالَ: فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٥]، فَكَانَتِ التَّهْلُكَةُ فِي الْإِقَامَةِ عَلَى أَمْوَالِنَا الَّتِي أَرَدْنَا فَأَمَرَنَا بِالْغَزْوِ، فَمَازَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ غَازِيًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿","vol":"13","page":138},{"text":"١٧٧٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالِاخْتِيَارُ أَنْ يَتَحَرَّزَ، وَذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُصَيْفَةَ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ظَاهَرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ بَيْنَ دِرْعَيْنِ»\n\n١٧٧٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي تَيْمٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ\n\n١٧٧٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِيمَا نَدَبَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَرْحَمُهُ اللَّهُ كُلَّ مَنْ يَلِي أَمْرًا مِنْ أُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنَ الْجَهْدِ فِي مَصْلَحَتِهِمْ وَالنُّصْحِ لَهُمْ وَالرَّحْمَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ، حَدِيثَ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ أَمِيرٍ يَلِي أَمْرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثُمَّ لَا يَجْهَدُ لَهُمْ وَلَا يَنْصَحُ إِلَّا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ مَعَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ»\n\n١٧٧٠٣ - وَحَدِيثُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ مَنْ لَا يَرْحَمِ النَّاسَ»","vol":"13","page":139},{"text":"١٧٧٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ح\n\n١٧٧٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَلَا كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ، فَالْأَمِيرُ الَّذِي عَلَى النَّاسِ رَاعٍ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْهُمْ، وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْهُمْ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ رَاعِيَةٌ عَلَى بَيْتِ بَعْلِهَا وَوَلَدِهِ وَهِيَ مَسْئُولَةٌ عَنْهُ، وَالْعَبْدُ رَاعٍ عَلَى مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْهُ، فَكُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ","vol":"13","page":140},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1213>بَابُ النَّفِيرِ</span>","vol":"13","page":141},{"text":"١٧٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى﴾ [النساء: ٩٥]\n\n١٧٧٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَبَيِّنٌ إِذْ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْقَاعِدِينَ غَيْرَ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ الْحُسْنَى أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَأْثَمُونَ بِالتَّخَلُّفِ، وَيُوعَدُنَ الْحُسْنَى فِي التَّخَلُّفِ ⦗١٤٣⦘، بَلْ وَعَدَهُمْ لَمَّا وَسَّعَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ التَّخَلُّفِ، الْحُسْنَى إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ لَمْ يَتَخَلَّفُوا شَكًّا وَلَا سُوءَ نِيَّةٍ، وَإِنْ تَرَكُوا الْفَضْلَ فِي الْغَزْوِ» وَأَبَانَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ فِي النَّفِيرِ: ﴿انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا﴾ [التوبة: ٤١]، وَقَالَ: ﴿إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ [التوبة: ٣٩]\n\n١٧٧٠٨ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢٢]، فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّ فَرْضَهُ الْجِهَادِ عَلَى الْكِفَايَةِ مِنَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ\n\n١٧٧٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَغْزُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَزَاةً عَلِمْتُهَا إِلَّا تَخَلَّفَ فِيهَا عَنْهُ بَشَرٌ، فَغَزَا بَدْرًا وَتَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ رِجَالٌ مَعْرُوفُونَ\n\n١٧٧١٠ - وَكَذَلِكَ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَغَيْرَهُ مِنْ غَزَوَاتِهِ وَقَالَ فِي غَزَاةِ تَبُوكَ وَفِي تَجْهِيزِهِ لِلْجَمْعِ لِلرُّومِ: «لِيَخْرُجْ مِنْ كُلِّ رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلٌ، فَيُخْلِفِ الْبَاقِي الْغَازِيَ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ» ⦗١٤٤⦘\n\n١٧٧١١ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَخَلَّفَ آخَرِينَ، حَتَّى خَلَّفَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي غَزَاةِ تَبُوكَ قَالَ: هَاهُنَا\n\n١٧٧١٢ - وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جُيُوشًا وَسَرَايَا تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهَا بِنَفْسِهِ مَعَ حِرْصِهِ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ\n\n١٧٧١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَدَلَّ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةُ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ فَرْضَ الْجِهَادِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَلَى أَنْ يَقُومَ بِهِ مَنْ فِيهِ كِفَايَةٌ لِلْقِيَامِ بِهِ\n\n١٧٧١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَبَانَ أَنْ لَوَ تَخَلَّفُوا مَعًا أَثِمُوا مَعًا بِالتَّخَلُّفِ لِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ [التوبة: ٣٩] يَعْنِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، إِلَّا أَنْ تَرَكْتُمُ النَّفِيرَ كُلُّكُمْ عَذَّبْتُكُمْ\n\n١٧٧١٥ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وَجَعَلَهُ شَبِيهًا بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ وَرَدِّ السَّلَامِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ فَرَائِضِ الْكِفَايَاتِ \"","vol":"13","page":142},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1214>بَابُ جَامِعِ السَّيْرِ</span>","vol":"13","page":145},{"text":"١٧٧١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" الْحُكْمُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ حُكْمَانِ: فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَمَنْ عَبَدَ مَا اسْتَحْسَنَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَنْ كَانُوا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ وَيُقَاتِلَهُمْ إِذَا قَوِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يَقْتُلَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُوا، وَذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِهِ ﵎: ﴿فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٥]\n\n١٧٧١٧ - وَلِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا فَقَدْ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ \"","vol":"13","page":146},{"text":"١٧٧١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗١٤٧⦘ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا أَزَالُ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ» فَذَكَرُوا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ\n\n١٧٧١٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فِيمَنْ مَنَعَ الصَّدَقَةَ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" لَا أَزَالُ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا فَقَدْ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ \"؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هَذَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا يَعْنِي مَنْعَهُمُ الصَّدَقَةَ.\n\n١٧٧٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، \" مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ الْمُحَارِبِينَ قُوتِلُوا حَتَّى يُسْلِمُوا أَوْ يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ، فَإِذَا أَعْطَوْهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ قَتْلُهُمْ وَلَا إِكْرَاهُهُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِهِمْ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩] \"","vol":"13","page":146},{"text":"١٧٧٢١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ جَيْشًا أَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَمِيرًا وَقَالَ: \" فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوًّا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ خِلَالٍ - أَوْ ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ، شَكَّ عَلْقَمَةُ -: ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا أَنَّ لَهُمُ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَإِنِ اخْتَارُوا الْمُقَامَ فِي دَارِهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ كَمَا يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ ⦗١٤٨⦘ فِي الْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يُجِيبُوكَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَدَعْهُمْ، وَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَشُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَاهُ كَمَا مَضَى\n\n١٧٧٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ فِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ خَاصَّةً كَمَا كَانَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ خَاصَّةً قَالَ: وَلَيْسَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنَ الِاثْنَتَيْنِ نَاسِخَةً لِلْأُخْرَى، وَلَا وَاحِدٌ مِنَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ نَاسِخًا لِلْآخَرِ وَلَا مُخَالِفًا لَهُ، وَلَكِنْ إِحْدَى الِاثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَحَدُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ الَّذِي مَخْرَجُهُ مَخْرَجٌ عَامٌّ بِرِوَايَةِ الْخَاصِّ، وَمِنَ الْمُجْمَلِ الَّتِي يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهَا الْمُفَسِّرُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"13","page":147},{"text":"١٧٧٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اغْزُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ، اغْزُوا وَلَا تَغُلُّوا وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا وَلَا ⦗١٤٩⦘ تُمَثِّلُوا وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا، وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ أَوْ خِلَالٍ، فَأَيَّتُهُمْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"13","page":148},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1215>السَّلَبُ لِلْقَاتِلِ</span>","vol":"13","page":150},{"text":"١٧٧٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ:  «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» ⦗١٥١⦘\n\n١٧٧٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ صَحِيحٌ لَا مُخَالِفَ لَهُ عَلِمْتُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ بَعْدَ نَقْضِ الْحَرْبِ لِأَنَّهُ وَجَدَ سَلَبَ قَتِيلِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ فِي يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ فَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ يَدِهِ، وَقَدْ قَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ، وَفِي غَيْرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ مَغَازِيهِ، وَقَالَهُ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةَ\n\n١٧٧٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ يُسَمَّى شِيرَ بْنَ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ: بَارَزْتُ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ فَبَلَغَ سَلَبُهُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا فَنَفَلَنِيهِ سَعْدٌ\n\n١٧٧٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ هَذَا فِي كِتَابِ قَسْمِ الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ","vol":"13","page":150},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1216>الرَّجُلُ يَمُوتُ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ قَبْلَ الْغَنِيمَةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":152},{"text":"١٧٧٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: «فِي الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ، أَوْ يُقْتَلُ، إِنَّهُ لَا يُضْرَبُ لَهُ بِسَهْمٍ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ»\n\n١٧٧٢٩ - وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: «أَسْهَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قُتِلَ بِخَيْبَرَ»\n\n١٧٧٣٠ - وَأَجْمَعَتْ أَئِمَّةُ الْهُدَى عَلَى الْإِسْهَامِ لِمَنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ\n\n١٧٧٣١ - وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَشْيَاخِنَا، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَضْرِبْ لِأَحَدٍ مِمَّنِ اسْتُشْهِدَ مَعَهُ بِسَهْمٍ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ قَطُّ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَضْرِبْ لِعُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ فِي غَنِيمَةِ بَدْرٍ، وَمَاتَ بِالصَّفْرَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَدِينَةَ \"\n\n١٧٧٣٢ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَلِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَفِي غَيْرِهِ حَالٌ لَيْسَتْ لِغَيْرِهِ ⦗١٥٣⦘\n\n١٧٧٣٣ - قَدْ أَسْهَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ فِي بَدْرٍ وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا قَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «وَأَجْرُكَ»\n\n١٧٧٣٤ - وَأَسْهَمَ أَيْضًا لِطَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فِي بَدْرٍ وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا، فَقَالَ: وَأَجْرِي؟ قَالَ: «وَأَجْرُكَ»\n\n١٧٧٣٥ - وَلَوْ أَنَّ إِمَامًا مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَشْرَكَ قَوْمًا لَمْ يَغْزُوا مَعَ الْجُنْدِ لَمْ يُسَغْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَكَانَ مُسِيئًا، وَلَا نَعْلَمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ مِمَّنْ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَلَا يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ، وَلَا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، فَقَدْ قُتِلَ بِهَا رَهْطٌ مَعْرُوفُونَ\n\n١٧٧٣٦ - فَعَلَيْكَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ مَا تَعْرِفُهُ الْعَامَّةُ، وَإِيَّاكَ وَالشَّاذَّ مِنْهُ\n\n١٧٧٣٧ - فَإِنَّهُ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ دَعَا الْيَهُودَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَحَدَّثُوهُ حَتَّى كَذَبُوا عَلَى عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ﵇، فَصَعِدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الْحَدِيثَ سَيَفْشُو عَنِّي، فَمَا أَتَاكُمْ عَنَى يُوَافِقُ الْقُرْآنَ فَهُوَ عَنِّي، وَمَا أَتَاكُمْ عَنِّي يُخَالِفُ الْقُرْآنَ فَلَيْسَ عَنِّي»\n\n١٧٧٣٨ - وَعَنْ مِسْعَرِ بْنِ كِدَامٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ الطَّائِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَتَاكُمُ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَظُنُّوا بِهِ الَّذِي هُوَ أَهْدَى، وَالَّذِي هُوَ أَتْقَى، وَالَّذِي هُوَ أَهْيَا» ⦗١٥٤⦘\n\n١٧٧٣٩ - وَعَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ قَرَظَةَ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" أَقْبَلْتُ فِي رَهْطٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَتَبِعَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَمْشِي حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى مَكَانٍ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَلْ تَدْرُونَ لِمَ مَشَيْتُ مَعَكُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، لِحَقِّنَا قَالَ: إِنَّ لَكُمْ لَحَقًّا، وَلَكِنَّكُمْ تَأْتُونَ قَوْمًا لَهُمْ دَوِيُّ بِالْقُرْآنِ كَدَوِيِّ النَّحْلِ، فَأَقِلُّوا الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا شَرِيكُكُمْ \" فَقَالَ قَرَظَةُ: لَا أُحَدِّثُ حَدِيثًا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَدًا\n\n١٧٧٤٠ - وَكَانَ عُمَرُ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا لَا يَقْبَلُ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا بِشَاهِدَيْنِ\n\n١٧٧٤١ - وَكَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَا يَقْبَلُ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يُسْتَحْلَفَ مَعَهُ ⦗١٥٥⦘\n\n١٧٧٤٢ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ: «إِنِّي لَا أُحَرِّمُ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ الْقُرْآنُ، وَلَا أُحِلُّ إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ الْقُرْآنُ، وَاللَّهِ لَا تُمْسِكُونَ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ»\n\n١٧٧٤٣ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: فَاجْعَلِ الْقُرْآنَ وَالسُّنَّةَ الْمَعْرُوفَةَ إِمَامًا وَقَائِدًا، وَأَتْبِعْ ذَلِكَ، وَقِسْ بِهِ مَا يَرِدُ عَلَيْكَ\n\n١٧٧٤٤ - حَدَّثَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قِسْمَةِ هَوَازِنَ، أَنَّ وَفْدَ هَوَازِنَ سَأَلُوهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ، وَأَسْأَلُ لَكُمُ النَّاسَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُ الظُّهْرَ، فَقُومُوا» فَقُولُوا: إِنَّا نَسْتَشْفِعُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَبِالْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ»، فَقَالَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ: وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مِرْدَاسٍ: أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لَنَا وَلِبَنِي سُلَيْمٍ فَلَا وَقَالَتْ بَنُو سُلَيْمٍ: أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لَنَا فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَالَ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ: أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي تَمِيمٍ فَلَا ⦗١٥٦⦘ وَقَالَ عُيَيْنَةُ: أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي فَزَارَةَ فَلَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ يُمْسِكُ بِحِصَّتِهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ رَأْسٍ سِتَّةُ فَرَائِضَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ فَيْءٍ نُصِيبُهُ»، فَرُدُّوا النَّاسَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَنِسَاءَهُمْ، وَرَدَّ النَّاسُ مَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ\n\n١٧٧٤٥ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: وَلِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي هَذَا حَالٌ لَا تُشْبِهُ حَالَ النَّاسِ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ إِمَامًا أَمَرَ جُنْدًا أَنْ يَدْفَعُوا مَا فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ مِنَ السَّبْيِ إِلَى أَصْحَابِ السَّبْيِ بِسِتَّةِ فَرَائِضَ كُلُّ رَأْسٍ، لَمْ يُجَزْ ذَلِكَ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا قَدْ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ نَسِيئَةً، وَهَذَا حَيَوَانٌ بِعَيْنِهِ بِحَيَوَانٍ بِغَيْرِ عَيْنِهِ.\n\n١٧٧٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «أَمَّا مَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ أَمْرِ بَدْرٍ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يُسْهِمْ لِعُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ كَمَا زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْقِسْمَةَ أَحْرَزَتْ، وَعَاشَ عُبَيْدَةُ بَعْدَ الْغَنِيمَةِ وَهُوَ يَزْعُمُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا أَنَّ لَهُ سَهْمًا، فَإِنْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ فَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ وَلَيْسَ كَمَا قَالَ، قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْغَنِيمَةَ وَأَعْطَى عُبَيْدَةَ وَهُوَ حَيٌّ، وَلَمْ يَمُتْ عُبَيْدَةُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ قَسْمِ الْغَنِيمَةِ»\n\n١٧٧٤٧ - وَأَمَّا مَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِعُثْمَانَ وَلِطَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَسْهَمَ لَتِسْعَةٍ أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا بَدْرًا، وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَ تَخْمِيسُ الْغَنِيمَةِ وَقَسْمُ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسٍ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ\n\n١٧٧٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ سَهْمِهِ كَسَهْمَانِ مَنْ حَضَرَ، فَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ الْمُتَظَاهِرَةُ عِنْدَنَا فَكَمَا وَصَفْتُ ⦗١٥٧⦘\n\n١٧٧٤٩ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ [الأنفال: ١] إِلَى: ﴿إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٩١]\n\n١٧٧٥٠ - فَكَانَتْ غَنَائِمُ بَدْرٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَضَعُهَا حَيْثُ شَاءَ\n\n١٧٧٥١ - وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١] بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ، وَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلَّ غَنِيمَةٍ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ بِرَفْعِ خُمُسِهَا، ثُمَّ تَقْسِيمُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسِهَا، وَافِرًا عَلَى مَنْ حَضَرَ الْحَرْبَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا السَّلَبَ فَإِنَّهُ سَنَّ أَنَّهُ لِلْقَاتِلِ فِي الْإِقْبَالِ، فَكَانَ السَّلَبُ خَارِجًا مِنْهُ، وَإِلَّا الصَّفِيَّ فَإِنَّهُ قَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ فَقِيلَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْخُذُهُ فَارِغًا مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَقِيلَ: كَانَ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْ سَهْمِهِ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ\n\n١٧٧٥٢ - وَإِلَّا الْبَالِغِينَ مِنَ السَّبْيِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَنَّ فِيهِمْ سُنَنًا، فَقَتَلَ بَعْضَهُمْ، وَفَادَى بَعْضَهُمْ، وَمَنَّ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ، وَفَادَى بِبَعْضِهِمْ أَسْرَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ\n\n١٧٧٥٣ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ فِي سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَوْهَبَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ سَلَّمَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ حُقُوقَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا مَا طَابُوا عَنْهُ أَنْفُسًا\n\n١٧٧٥٤ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَمِنَ سِتَّ فَرَائِضَ لِكُلِّ سَبْيٍ شَحَّ بِهِ صَاحِبُهُ فَكَمَا قَالَ، وَلَمْ يُكْرِهْهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَحْتَالُوا عَلَيْهِ بِسِتِّ فَرَائِضَ، إِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُمْ إِيَّاهَا ثَمَنًا عَنْ رِضًا مِمَّنْ قَبِلَهُ، فَلَمْ يَرْضَهُ عُيَيْنَةُ، فَأَخَذَ عَجُوزًا فَقَالَ: أَعِيرُ بِهَا هَوَازِنَ، فَمَا أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ يَدِهِ حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ مَنْ خَدَعَهُ عَنْهَا، أَرْغَمَ اللَّهُ أَنْفَكَ ⦗١٥٨⦘، فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَخَذْتَهَا مَا ثَدْيُهَا بِنَاهِدٍ، وَلَا بَطْنُهَا بِوَالِدٍ، وَلَا جَدُّهَا بِمَاجِدٍ قَالَ: حَقًّا مَا تَقُولُ قَالَ: إِي وَاللَّهِ قَالَ: فَأَبْعَدَكَ اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهَا، وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ بِهَا عِوَضًا\n\n١٧٧٥٥ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ نَسِيئَةً، فَهَذَا غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ كَانَ قَوْلُهُ أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِنَفْسِهِ فِيمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ أَنْ لَا يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ\n\n١٧٧٥٦ - وَقَدْ أَجَازَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْعَ الْحَيَوَانِ نَسِيئَةً، وَاسْتَسْلَفَ بَعِيرًا، أَوْ قَضَى مِثْلَهُ، أَوْ خَيْرًا مِنْهُ\n\n١٧٧٥٧ - وَهُوَ يُجِيزُ الْحَيَوَانَ نَسِيئَةً فِي الْكِتَابَةِ، وَمُهُورِ النِّسَاءِ، وَالدِّيَاتِ\n\n١٧٧٥٨ - فَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِهَا فِي الدِّيَاتِ بِصِفَةٍ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ فَقَدْ أَجَازَهَا نَسِيئَةً فَكَيْفَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُجِيزُهَا نَسِيئَةً؟ وَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَجَازُوهَا فِي الْكِتَابَةِ وَمُهُورِ النِّسَاءِ نَسِيئَةً، فَكَيْفَ رَغِبَ عَمَّا اخْتَارَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَدَخَلَ مَعَهُمْ فِيهَا؟\n\n١٧٧٥٩ - وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ، فَإِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ لَهُمْ إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ، وَلَا أُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ»، فَمَا أَحَلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا قَطُّ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ حُكْمٌ إِلَّا بِمَا أَحَلَّهُ اللَّهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَا حَرَّمَ شَيْئًا قَطُّ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ حُكْمٌ إِلَّا بِمَا حَرَّمَ، وَبِذَلِكَ أَمَرَ، وَكَذَلِكَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٧٧٦٠ - قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿فَاسْتَمْسِكْ بِالَّذِي أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ إِنَّكَ عَلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ [الزخرف: ٤٣]، فَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ الِاسْتِمْسَاكَ بِمَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ، وَشَهِدَ لَهُ بِأَنَّهُ عَلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ ⦗١٥٩⦘\n\n١٧٧٦١ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ: ﴿وَلَكِنْ جَعَلْنَاهُ نُورًا نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ [الشورى: ٥٢]، فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ اتِّبَاعَ مَا أَنْزَلَ، وَشَهِدَ لَهُ بِأَنَّهُ هَادٍ مُهْتَدٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ يَشْهَدُ لَهُ\n\n١٧٧٦٢ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: «لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ»، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَلَّ لَهُ أَشْيَاءَ حَظَرَهَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ مِنْ عَدَدِ النِّسَاءِ، وَأَنْ يَأْتَهِبَ الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَهْرٍ،\n\n١٧٧٦٣ - وَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ أَشْيَاءَ خَفَّفَهَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ مِثْلَ فَرْضِهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُخَيِّرَ نِسَاءَهُ، وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ هَذَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا يُمْسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ»، يَعْنِي مِمَّا أُخِصَّ بِهِ دُونَهُمْ\n\n١٧٧٦٤ - فَأَمَّا مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ إِبْطَالِ الْحَدِيثِ وَعَرْضِهِ عَلَى الْقُرْآنِ فَلَوْ كَانَ كَمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ كَانَ مَحْجُوجًا بِهِ، وَلَيْسَ يُخَالِفُ الْحَدِيثُ الْقُرْآنَ وَلَكِنْ حَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُبَيِّنًا - يَعْنِي مَا أَرَادَ خَاصًّا وَعَامًّا، وَنَاسِخًا وَمَنْسُوخًا - ثُمَّ يَلْزَمُ النَّاسُ مَا سَنَّ بِفَرْضِ اللَّهِ، فَمَنْ قَبِلَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَنِ اللَّهِ قَبِلَ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ أَبَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآيَاتِ فِي ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَبَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٧٧٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ أَبِي النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" لَا أَعْرِفَنَّ مَا جَاءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مِمَّا أَمَرْتُ بِهِ أَوْ نَهَيْتُ عَنْهُ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي مَا هَذَا، مَا وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَخَذْنَا بِهِ \" ⦗١٦٠⦘\n\n١٧٧٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ دَخْلٌ لِمَنْ رَدَّ الْحَدِيثَ مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ عَلَى الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، فَلَمْ يَجُزْ لَهُ الْمَسْحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ، وَلَا تَحْرِيمُ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَعَمَّتِهَا، وَلَا تَحْرِيمُ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"13","page":152},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1217>الْغَنِيمَةُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ</span>","vol":"13","page":161},{"text":"١٧٧٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: مَعْلُومٌ عِنْدَ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِمَّنْ لَقِيتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالرِّدَّةِ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ﵁ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الْغَنِيمَةُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ»","vol":"13","page":161},{"text":"١٧٧٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الْغَنِيمَةُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ»\n\n١٧٧٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ\n\n١٧٧٧٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ يَثْبُتُ فِي مَعْنَى مَا رَوَى عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ لَا يَحْضُرْنِي حِفْظُهُ","vol":"13","page":161},{"text":"١٧٧٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، مَا ⦗١٦٢⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: \" قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ بِخَيْبَرَ بَعْدَمَا فَتَحُوهَا، فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُسْهِمَ لِي مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ بَنِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ: لَا تُسْهِمْ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: هَذَا قَاتِلُ ابْنِ قَوْقَلٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ سَعِيدٍ: يَا عَجَبًا لِوَبْرٍ قَدْ تَدَلَّى عَلَيْنَا مِنْ قَدُومٍ ضَالٍّ يُعَيِّرُنِي عَلَى قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى يَدَيْ، وَلَمْ يُهِنِّي عَلَى يَدَيْهِ \"\n\n١٧٧٧٢ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: حَدَّثَنَِيهِ السَّعِيدِيُّ أَيْضًا، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ\n\n١٧٧٧٣ - وَاسْمُ السَّعِيدِيِّ عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ\n\n١٧٧٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ثُمَّ رُوِّينَا عَنْ خُثَيْمِ بْنِ عِرَاكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ نُفَيْرٍ، مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ قُدُومِهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ فَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ قَالَ: وَكَلَّمَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَشْرَكُونَا فِي سُهْمَانِهِمْ\n\n١٧٧٧٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ خُثَيْمٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: وَاسْتَأْذَنَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَنَا مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ، فَأَذِنُوا لَهُ، فَقَسَمَ لَنَا","vol":"13","page":161},{"text":"١٧٧٧٦ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَسْتَحِقُّوهَا حِينَ كَانَ قُدُومُهُمْ بَعْدَ تَقَضِّي الْحَرْبِ حَتَّى اسْتَأْذَنَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي الْقَسْمِ لَهُمْ وَقَدْ ⦗١٦٣⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «بَعَثَ أَبَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ»، فَقَدِمَ أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ بَعْدَ أَنْ فَتَحَهَا، وَإِنَّ حُزُمَ خَيْلِهِمْ لِيفٌ، فَقَالَ أَبَانُ: اقْسِمْ لَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: لَا تَقْسِمُ لَهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ أَبَانُ: أَنْتَ بِهَا يَا وَبْرُ تَحَدَّدَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ رَأْسٍ ضَالٍّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اجْلِسْ يَا أَبَانُ»، «وَلَمْ يَقْسِمْ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n١٧٧٧٧ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ\n\n١٧٧٧٨ - وَهَذَا لِأَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ رَوَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ\n\n١٧٧٧٩ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الزُّهْرِيُّ رَوَاهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ: لَا تَقْسِمْ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَلَمْ يَقْسِمْ لِأَبَانَ وَقَسَمَ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِإِذْنِ أَصْحَابِهِ كَمَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ خُثَيْمِ بْنِ عِرَاكٍ، وَعَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ كَانَ قَسَمُهُ لِمَنْ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ مَعَ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ\n\n١٧٧٨٠ - وَفِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ فِي قِصَّةِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: فَوَافَقْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ افْتَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ فَأَسْهَمَ لَنَا، أَوْ قَالَ: أَعْطَانَا مِنْهَا ⦗١٦٤⦘\n\n١٧٧٨١ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُمْ صَادَفُوهُ قَبْلَ نَقْضِ الْحَرْبِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ سَهْمِهِ إِنْ كَانَ مَجِيئُهُمْ بَعْضَ مُضِيِّ الْحَرْبِ، أَوْ سَأَلَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوهُ فِي مَقَاسِمِهِمْ، فَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ\n\n١٧٧٨٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ أَشْرَكَ الْمَدَدَ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحْضُرِ الْوَقْعَةَ، بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَرَبَ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ فِي غَنَائِمِ بَدْرٍ بِسَهْمٍ وَلَمْ يَحْضُرْهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ غَائِبًا فِي حَاجَةِ اللَّهِ وَحَاجَةِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ، فَجَعَلَهُ كَمَنْ حَضَرَهَا، فَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ مَنْ غَابَ عَنِ الْوَقْعَةِ بِشُغْلٍ شَغَلَهُ بِهِ الْإِمَامُ مِنْ أُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ\n\n١٧٧٨٣ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ هَذَا الْقَائِلُ يَبْطُلُ بِطَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ، فَإِنَّهُمَا كَانَا خَرَجَا إِلَى الشَّامِ فِي تِجَارَةٍ لَهُمَا قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ، وَقَدِمَا بَعْدَمَا رَجَعَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ، فَكَلَّمَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَهْمِهِمَا، فَجَعَلَ لَهُمَا سَهْمَهُمَا، وَفِي نَصِّ الْكِتَابِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ غَنَائِمَ بَدْرٍ كَانَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَاصَّةً، فَكَانَ يُعْطِي مِنْهَا مَنْ شَاءَ\n\n١٧٧٨٤ - وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ فِي تَخْمِيسِ الْغَنَائِمِ، وَقَسْمِهَا بَيْنَ الْغَانِمِينَ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ\n\n١٧٧٨٥ - وَبَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ لَا نَعْلَمُهُ قَسَمَ لِأَحَدٍ لَمْ يَحْضُرِ الْوَقْعَةَ كَمَا قَسَمَ لِمَنْ حَضَرَهَا، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وَقَامَ بِحُجَّتِهِ\n\n١٧٧٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالَّذِي قَالَهُ هَذَا الْقَائِلُ يَبْطُلُ أَيْضًا بِقِصَّةِ أَبَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ بَعَثَهُ عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَكَانَ قَدْ شَغَلَهُ بِشُغْلٍ مِنْ أُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ لَهُ وَلَا لِأَصْحَابِهِ حِينَ قَدِمُوا بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْحَرْبِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ خَرَجَ بِالْغَنِيمَةِ مِنْ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ ⦗١٦٥⦘،\n\n١٧٧٨٧ - وَعُذْرُ هَذَا الْقَائِلِ بِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يَقْسِمْ لَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ شَغَلَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ قَبْلَ إِرَادَتِهِ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ يُخَالِفُ قَوْلَ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي يَنْصُرُ قَوْلَهُ، فَإِنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْغَنِيمَةَ لِكُلِّ مَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ مَدَدًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا بِهَا إِلَى دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ،\n\n١٧٧٨٨ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى كَانَ وَعَدَ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ فَتْحَ خَيْبَرَ حِينَ انْصَرَفَ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَكَانَ مُرِيدًا لِلْخُرُوجِ إِلَيْهَا بَعْدَمَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهَا فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ\n\n١٧٧٨٩ - وَإِنَّمَا بَعَثَ أَبَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ قُبَيْلَ خُرُوجِهِ،\n\n١٧٧٩٠ - ثُمَّ مَنِ الَّذِي شَرَعَ لِهَذَا الْقَائِلِ مَا يَشْرَعُ لِنَفْسِهِ حَتَّى تَرَكَ بِهِ خَبَرَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ أَبَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَتَرَكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ؟\n\n١٧٧٩١ - وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ فِي تَرْكِ قِسْمَةِ الْأَرَاضِي بَيْنَ الْغَانِمِينَ بِفِعْلِ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ يَعْتَدَّ بِخِلَافِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَبِلَالٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ إِيَّاهُمْ فِي طَلَبِ الْقِسْمَةِ، وَمَعَهُمْ خَبَرُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِسْمَةِ خَيْبَرَ وَبَيَّنَ فِي قَوْلِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَطْلُبُ اسْتِطَابَةَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لِمَا رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ فِي وَقْفِهَا\n\n١٧٧٩٢ - ثُمَّ اعْتَدَّ بِخِلَافِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ عُمَرَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ حِينَ جَاءَ مَدَدٌ لِبَنِي عُطَارِدَ بَعْدَ الْوَقْعَةِ فَقَالَ: نَحْنُ شُرَكَاؤُكُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ، فَكَتَبَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَكَتَبَ: إِنَّ الْغَنِيمَةَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ وَلَيْسَ مَعَ عَمَّارٍ فِي ذَلِكَ خَبَرٌ، وَمَعَ عُمَرَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ خَبَرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ كِتَابًا قَطَعَ بِأَنَّهَا لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ ⦗١٦٦⦘\n\n١٧٧٩٣ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ قَطَعَ بِمِثْلِهِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الرَّأْيِ وَمَعَهُ ظَاهَرُ الْقُرْآنِ، حِينَ أَضَافَ الْغَنِيمَةَ إِلَى مَنْ غَنَمِهَا، وَاقْتَطَعَ مِنْهَا الْخُمُسَ لِأَهْلِ الْخُمُسِ، وَإِنَّمَا غَنَمِهَا مَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ فَلَا يَكُونُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَهَا فِيهَا نَصِيبٌ إِلَّا مَا خَصَّتْهُ السُّنَّةُ مِنْ رَدِّ السَّرِيَّةِ عَلَى الْجَيْشِ، وَالْجَيْشُ عَلَى السَّرِيَّةِ إِذَا كَانَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا رَدًّا لِصَاحِبِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":162},{"text":"١٧٧٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: «قَدْ كَانَتْ تَجْتَمِعُ الطَّائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَرْضِ الرُّومِ لَا تُشَارِكُ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَتَهَا فِي شَيْءٍ أَصَابَتْ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ»\nوَ\n١٧٧٩٥ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْكَلْبِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ بَعَثَ أَبَا عَامِرٍ الْأَشْعَرِيَّ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِلَى أَوْطَاسَ، فَقَاتَلَ بِهَا مَنْ هَرَبَ مِنْ حُنَيْنٍ، وَأَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَبَايَا وَغَنَائِمَ، فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا قَسَمَ مِنْ غَنَائِمِ أَهْلِ حُنَيْنٍ أَنَّهُ «فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ أَوْطَاسَ وَأَهْلِ حُنَيْنٍ، وَلَا نَعْلَمُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ غَنِيمَةً وَاحِدَةً وَفَيْئًا وَاحِدًا»\n\n١٧٧٩٦ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْمُجَالِدُ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، وَزِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ، أَنَّهُ ⦗١٦٧⦘ كَتَبَ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: «قَدْ أَمْدَدْتُكَ بِقَوْمٍ، فَمَنْ أَتَاكَ مِنْهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَتَفَقَّأَ الْقَتْلَى فَأَشْرِكْهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ»\n\n١٧٧٩٧ - وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ﵁ «بَعَثَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنَ أَبِي جَهْلٍ فِي خَمْسِ مِائَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَدَدًا لِزِيَادِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ وَلِلْمُهَاجِرِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، فَوَافَقَهُمُ الْجُنْدُ قَدِ افْتَتَحُوا الْبَخِيرَ بِالْيَمَنِ فَأَشْرَكَهُمْ زِيَادُ بْنُ لَبِيدٍ، وَهُوَ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ»\n\n١٧٧٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: احْتَجَّ أَبُو يُوسُفَ بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا عَامِرٍ إِلَى أَوْطَاسَ فَغَنِمَ غَنَائِمَ فَلَمْ يُفَرِّقُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَ أَبِي عَامِرٍ وَبَيْنَ مَنْ كَانَ مُتَخَلِّفًا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ\n\n١٧٧٩٩ - وَهَذَا كَمَا قَالَ، وَلَيْسَ مِمَّا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ وَخَالَفَهُ هُوَ فِيهِ بِسَبِيلٍ: أَبُو عَامِرٍ كَانَ فِي جَيْشِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ بِحُنَيْنٍ، فَبَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي أَتْبَاعِهِمْ، وَهَذَا جَيْشٌ وَاحِدٌ كُلُّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ رَدٌّ لِلْأُخْرَى، وَإِذَا كَانَ الْجَيْشُ هَكَذَا فَلَوْ أَصَابَ الْجَيْشُ شَيْئًا دُونَ السَّرِيَّةِ، أَوِ السَّرِيَّةُ شَيْئًا دُونَ الْجَيْشِ، كَانُوا فِيهِ شُرَكَاءَ\n\n١٧٨٠٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَأَمَّا جَيْشَانِ مُتَفَرِّقَانِ فَلَا يَرُدُّ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ شَيْئًا، وَلَيْسَا بِجَيْشٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَلَا أَحَدُهُمَا رَدٌّ لِصَاحِبِهِ مُقِيمٌ لَهُ وَعَلَيْهِ ⦗١٦٨⦘\n\n١٧٨٠١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَأَمَّا مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُجَالِدٍ فَهَذَا غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنْهُ كُنَّا أَسْرَعَ إِلَى قَبُولِهِ مِنْهُ، وَهُوَ إِنْ كَانَ يُثْبِتُهُ فَهُوَ مَحْجُوجٌ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ يُخَالِفُهُ، فَهُوَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْجَيْشَ لَوْ قَتَلُوا قَتْلَى، وَأَحْرَزُوا غَنَائِمَهُمْ بَكْرَةً، وَأَخْرَجُوا الْغَنَائِمَ إِلَى بِلَادِ الشَّامِ عَشِيَّةً وَجَاءَهُمُ الْمَدَدُ وَالْقَتْلَى يَشْخَطُونَ فِي دِمَائِهِمْ لَمْ يُشْرِكُوهُمْ، وَلَوْ قَتَلُوهُمْ فَنَفَقُوا وَجَاءُوا وَالْجَيْشُ فِي بِلَادِ الْعَدُوِّ، وَقَدْ أَحْرَزُوا الْغَنَائِمَ بَعْدَ الْقَتْلِ بِيَوْمٍ، وَقَبْلَ مَقْدِمِ الْمَدَدِ بِأَشْهُرٍ شَرَكُوهُمْ، فَخَالَفَ عُمَرَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ وَالْآخَرِ وَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ\n\n١٧٨٠٢ - فَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، وَأَنَّهُ أَشْرَكَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنَ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، فَإِنَّ زِيَادًا كَتَبَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَكَتَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: «إِنَّمَا الْغَنِيمَةُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ» وَلَمْ يَرَ لِعِكْرِمَةَ شَيْئًا لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَشْهَدِ الْوَقْعَةَ، فَكَلَّمَ زِيَادٌ أَصْحَابَهُ فَطَابُوا أَنْفُسًا بِأَنْ أَشْرَكُوا عِكْرِمَةَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ مُتَطَوِّعِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ\n\n١٧٨٠٣ - وَهَذَا قَوْلُنَا، وَهُوَ يُخَالِفُهُ، وَيَرْوِي عَنْهُ خِلَافَ مَا رَوَاهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالرِّدَّةِ","vol":"13","page":166},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1218>سَهْمُ الْفَارِسِ وَالرَّاجِلِ</span>","vol":"13","page":169},{"text":"١٧٨٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ فِي الْفَارِسِ: «إِنَّ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ»\n\n١٧٨٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَظُنُّهُ - عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «ضَرَبَ لِلْفَارِسِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ بِسَهْمٍ»\n\n١٧٨٠٦ - وَأَمَّا تَفْضِيلُ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ الْفَرَسَ عَلَى الْهَجِينِ - وَاسْمُ الْخَيْلِ يَجْمَعُهَا - فَإِنَّ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْأَقْمَرِ قَالَ: أَغَارَتِ ⦗١٧٠⦘ الْخَيْلُ بِالشَّامِ فَأَدْرَكْتُ الْخَيْلَ مِنْ يَوْمِهَا، وَأَدْرَكْتُ الْكَوَادِنَ ضُحًى، وَعَلَى الْخَيْلِ الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْصَةَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ فَفَصَلَ الْكَوَدَانَ وَقَالَ: لَا أَجْعَلُ مَا أَدْرَكَ كَمَا لَمْ يُدْرِكْ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ فَقَالَ: «ثَكِلَتِ الْوَادِعِيَّ أُمُّهُ، لَقَدْ أَذْكَرَتْ بِهِ، أَمْضُوهَا عَلَى مَا قَالَ»\n\n١٧٨٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَهُمْ يَرْوُونَ فِي هَذَا أَحَادِيثَ، كُلُّهَا أَوْ بَعْضُهَا أَثْبَتُ مِمَّا احْتَجَّ بِهِ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ فَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَكِنْ هَذِهِ أَحَادِيثُ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، لَوْ كُنَّا نُثْبِتُ مِثْلَ هَذَا مَا خَالَفْنَاهُ»\n\n١٧٨٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي كِتَابِ قَسْمِ الْغَنِيمَةِ هَاتَيْنِ الْمَسْأَلَتَيْنِ أَتَمَّ مِنْ هَذَا","vol":"13","page":169},{"text":"١٧٨٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَحْفَظُ عَنْ مَنْ لَقِيتُ مِمَّنْ سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، «أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُسْهِمُونَ إِلَّا لِفَرَسٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَبِهَذَا آخُذُ» ⦗١٧١⦘\n\n١٧٨١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ، \" كَانَ يَضْرِبُ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ: سَهْمٍ لَهُ، وَسَهْمَيْنِ لِفَرَسِهِ، وَسَهْمٍ فِي ذِي الْقُرْبَى سَهْمُ أُمِّهِ صَفِيَّةَ، يَعْنِي يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ \"\n\n١٧٨١١ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ يَهَابُ أَنْ يَذْكُرَ يَحْيَى بْنَ عَبَّادٍ وَالْحُفَّاظُ يَرْوُونَهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ\n\n١٧٨١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَقَدْ وَصَلَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمُحَاضِرُ بْنُ الْمُوَرِّعِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ\n\n١٧٨١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَرَوَى مَكْحُولٌ، أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ، حَضَرَ خَيْبَرَ فَأَسْهَمَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَمْسَةَ أَسْهُمٍ: سَهْمٍ لَهُ، وَأَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِفَرَسَيْهِ\n\n١٧٨١٤ - فَذَهَبَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ إِلَى قَبُولِ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعًا\n\n١٧٨١٥ - وَهِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ أَحْرَصُ لَوْ زِيدَ الزُّبَيْرُ لِفَرَسَيْنِ أَنْ يَقُولَ بِهِ، وَأَشْبَهُ إِذْ خَالَفَهُ مَكْحُولٌ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَثْبَتَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِيهِ مِنْهُ لِحِرْصِهِ عَلَى زِيَادَتِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ حَدِيثُهُ مَقْطُوعًا لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ فَهُوَ كَحَدِيثِ مَكْحُولٍ، وَلَكِنَّا ذَهَبْنَا إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي ⦗١٧٢⦘ فَقُلْنَا: إِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَرْوُوا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِفَرَسَيْنِ، وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفُوا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَضَرَ خَيْبَرَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَفْرَاسٍ لِنَفْسِهِ: السَّكْبُ، وَالظَّرِبُ، وَالْمُرْتَجِزُ، وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا إِلَّا لِفَرَسٍ وَاحِدٍ","vol":"13","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1219>الْعَبِيدُ وَالنِّسَاءُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ يَحْضُرُونَ الْوَقْعَةَ</span>","vol":"13","page":173},{"text":"١٧٨١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَتَبَ إِلَى نَجْدَةَ: كَتَبْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي: \" هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْزُو بِالنِّسَاءِ؟ وَقَدْ كَانَ يَغْزُو بِهِنَّ فَيُدَاوِينَ الْمَرِيضَ وَذَكَرَ كَلِمَةً أُخْرَى وَكَتَبْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي: هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَضْرِبُ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ؟ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَضْرِبُ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ، وَلَكِنْ يُحْذَيْنَ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ كَمَا مَضَى ⦗١٧٤⦘\n\n١٧٨١٧ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ، حَدِيثَ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ فِي النِّسَاءِ وَالْعَبِيدِ","vol":"13","page":173},{"text":"١٧٨١٨ - وَقَدْ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، فِيمَا كَتَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِلَى نَجْدَةَ: «وَكَتَبْتَ تَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْعَبْدِ وَالْمَرْأَةِ يَحْضُرَانِ الْمَغْنَمَ، هَلْ لَهُمَا مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ شَيْءٌ؟ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُحْذَيَا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":174},{"text":"١٧٨١٩ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، عَنْ عُمَيْرٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي اللَّحْمِ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ خَيْبَرَ وَأَنَا مَمْلُوكٌ فَأَعْطَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ خُرْثِيِّ الْمَتَاعِ\n\n١٧٨٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، وَزَادَ قَالَ: وَلَمْ يُسْهِمْ لِي\n\n١٧٨٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗١٧٥⦘ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ إِلَى حَدِيثِ رَجُلٍ ثِقَةٍ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٧٨٢٢ - رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «غَزَا بِيَهُودَ وَنِسَاءٍ مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَضَرَبَ لِلْيَهُودِ وَالنِّسَاءِ بِمِثْلِ سَهْمَانِ الرِّجَالِ»\n\n١٧٨٢٣ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الْمُنْقَطِعُ عِنْدَنَا لَا يَكُونُ حُجَّةً، وَإِنَّمَا اعْتَمَدْنَا عَلَى حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لِأَنَّهُ مُتَّصِلٌ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي قَبْلَنَا يُوَافِقُونَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ\n\n١٧٨٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَزَا بِنَاسٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَأَسْهَمَ لَهُمْ\n\n١٧٨٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، وَخَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ»\n\n١٧٨٢٦ - وَكِلَاهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ الرَّضْخَ ⦗١٧٦⦘\n\n١٧٨٢٧ - وَفِيمَا رَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِيمَنِ اسْتَعَانَ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ: فَأَسْهَمَ لَهُمْ كَسَهْمَانِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ\n\n١٧٨٢٨ - وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ وَمُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"13","page":174},{"text":"١٧٨٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا حَكَى عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَتَبَ إِلَى نَجْدَةَ فِي جَوَابِ كِتَابِهِ: «كَتَبْتَ إِلَيَّ تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ مَتَى يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْيُتْمِ؟ وَمَتَى يُضْرَبُ لَهُ بِسَهْمٍ؟ وَإِنَّهُ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْيُتْمِ إِذَا احْتَلَمَ، وَيُضْرَبُ لَهُ بِسَهْمٍ»\n\n١٧٨٣٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُجِزْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً","vol":"13","page":176},{"text":"١٧٨٣١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حِكَايَةً عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اسْتَعَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَهُودِ قَيْنُقَاعَ فَرَضَخَ لَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يُسْهِمْ لَهُمْ.\n\n١٧٨٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ ⦗١٧٧⦘\n\n١٧٨٣٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ، وَهُمْ رَهْطُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ إِيَّاهُ، وَهُمْ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: «قُلْ لَهُمْ فَلْيَرْجِعُوا، فَإِنَّا لَا نَسْتَعِينُ بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ»\n\n١٧٨٣٤ - وَهَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ أَصَحُّ\n\n١٧٨٣٥ - وَقَدْ كَرِهَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ الِاسْتِعَانَةَ بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ","vol":"13","page":176},{"text":"١٧٨٣٦ - وَبِحَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ خُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ غَزَوَاتِهِ فَأَتَيْتُهُ أَنَا وَرَجُلٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ فَقَالَ: «أَسْلَمْتُمَا؟» قُلْنَا: لَا قَالَ: «فَإِنَّا لَا نَسْتَعِينُ بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ»، فَأَسْلَمْنَا وَشَهِدْنَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُكْرَمُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوْحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧٨٣٧ - وَرَخَّصَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ بِالِاسْتِعَانَةِ بِهِمْ إِذَا كَانَتْ فِيهِمْ مَنْفَعَةٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ\n\n١٧٨٣٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِخُرُوجِ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ مَعَهُ فِي غَزْوَةِ حُنَيْنٍ وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ، وَحَمَلَ الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرْجُو إِسْلَامَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٧٨٣٩ - وَيَرْضَخُ لَهُمْ قِيَاسًا عَلَى النِّسَاءِ، وَالْعَبِيدِ، وَالصِّبْيَانِ\n\n١٧٨٤٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ غَزَا بِقَوْمٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَرَضَخَ لَهُمْ\n\n١٧٨٤١ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، أَنَّهُ حَكَاهُ","vol":"13","page":178},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1220>قِسْمَةُ الْغَنِيمَةِ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ</span>\n١٧٨٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ بَعْدَ حِكَايَةِ قَوْلِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ فِي ذَلِكَ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعْرُوفٌ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي لَا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَسَمَ غَيْرَ مَغْنَمٍ فِي بِلَادِ الْحَرْبِ» ⦗١٨٠⦘\n\n١٧٨٤٣ - فَأَمَّا مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ أَبُو يُوسُفَ مِنْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ظَهَرَ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَصَارَتْ دَارُهُمْ دَارَ إِسْلَامٍ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ غَارُونَ فِي نَعَمِهِمْ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَسَبَاهُمْ وَقَسَمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَسَبْيَهُمْ فِي دَارِهِمْ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَسْلَمُوا بَعْدَهَا بِزَمَانٍ\n\n١٧٨٤٤ - وَإِنَّمَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ مُصَدِّقًا سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، وَقَدْ رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْهُمْ وَدَارُهُمْ دَارُ حَرْبٍ\n\n١٧٨٤٥ - وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ، فَمَا عَلِمْتُهُ كَانَ فِيهَا مُسْلِمٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَمَا صَالِحَ إِلَّا الْيَهُودُ وَهُمْ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ أَنَّ مَا حَوْلَ خَيْبَرَ كُلَّهُ دَارُ حَرْبٍ، وَمَا عَلِمْتُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَرِيَّةً قَفَلَتْ مِنْ مَوْضِعَهَا حَتَّى تَقْسِمَ مَا ظَهَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٧٨٤٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ جَاءَكَ مِنْهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَتَفَقَّأَ الْقَتْلَى فَأَسْهِمْ لَهُ، فَهُوَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ثَابِتًا دَاخِلٌ فِيمَا عَابَ عَلَى الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، فَإِنَّهُ عَابَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرْوِيَ عَنْ غَيْرِ الثِّقَاتِ الْمَعْرُوفِينَ، وَمَا عَلِمْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ قَالَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا مَا هُوَ مَعْرُوفٌ\n\n١٧٨٤٧ - وَلَقَدِ احْتَجَّ عَلَى الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ بِحَدِيثِ رِجَالٍ وَهُوَ يَرْغَبُ عَنِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْهُمْ، فَإِنْ كَانَ حَدِيثُ مُجَالِدٍ ثَابِتًا فَهُوَ يُخَالِفُهُ، فَذَكَرَ وَجْهَ مُخَالَفَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ كَمَا مَضَى فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْمَدَدِ ⦗١٨١⦘\n\n١٧٨٤٨ - قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَإِنْ قَسَمَ بِبِلَادِ الْحَرْبِ ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْمَدَدُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَتَفَقَّأَ الْقَتْلَى لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَدَدِ شَيْءٌ، وَإِنْ تَفَقَّأَتِ الْقَتْلَى وَهُمْ فِي بِلَادِ الْحَرْبِ لَمْ يَخْرُجُوا وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ\n\n١٧٨٤٩ - فَأَمَّا مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ غَنَائِمَ بَدْرٍ حَتَّى وَرَدَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَمَا ثَبَتَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ بِأَنْ قَالَ: وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِعُثْمَانَ وَطَلْحَةَ، وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْ بَدْرًا، فَإِنْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ فَهُوَ يُخَالِفُ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ أَحَدًا لَمْ يَشْهَدِ الْوَقْعَةَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَدَدًا قَدِمَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ شَهِدُوا الْوَقْعَةَ بِبِلَادِ الْحَرْبِ، وَقَدْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْطَى هَذَيْنِ وَلَمْ يَكُونَا مَدَدًا، وَلَمْ يَشْهَدَا الْوَقْعَةَ\n\n١٧٨٥٠ - وَلَيْسَ كَمَا قَالَ: قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَنَائِمَ بَدْرٍ بِسَيِّرٍ - شِعْبٍ مِنْ شِعَابِ الصَّفْرَاءِ قَرِيبٍ مِنْ بَدْرٍ - وَكَانَتْ غَنَائِمُ بَدْرٍ كَمَا يَرْوِي عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ غَنِمَهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ تَنْزِلَ الْآيَةُ فِي سُورَةِ الْأَنْفَالِ، فَلَمَّا تَشَاحُّوا عَلَيْهَا انْتَزَعَهَا اللَّهُ مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمْ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ [الأنفال: ١]، فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَالِصَةً، وَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَدْخَلَ مَعَهُمْ ثَمَانِيَةَ نَفَرٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا الْوَقْعَةَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ مَالِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١] بَعْدَ غَنِيمَةِ بَدْرٍ\n\n١٧٨٥١ - وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِخَلْقٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا الْوَقْعَةَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ ⦗١٨٢⦘ الْآيَةِ، وَمَنْ أَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَالِصًا مِنَ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَإِنَّمَا مِنْ مَالِهِ أَعْطَاهُمْ، لَا مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ الْأَخْمَاسِ\n\n١٧٨٥٢ - وَأَمَّا مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ مَنْ وَقْعَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، وَابْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، فَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ، وَقَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ، وَكَانَ وَقْعَتْهُمْ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، فَتَوَقَّفُوا فِيمَا صَنَعُوا حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٧]، وَلَيْسَ مِمَّا خَالَفَهُ فِيهِ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ بِسَبِيلٍ\n\n١٧٨٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا لِأَنَّ أَبَا يُوسُفَ احْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فَأَصَابَ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَأَصَابَ أَسِيرًا أَوِ اثْنَيْنِ، وَأَصَابَ مَا كَانَ مَعَهُمْ أَدَمًا وَزَبِيبًا، فَقَدِمَ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَقْسِمْهُ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ\n\n١٧٨٥٤ - فَأَجَابَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ بِأَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يَقْسِمُوهُ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُتَوَقِّفِينَ فِيمَا صَنَعُوا لِوُقُوعِ قِتَالِهِمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ وَقَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فِي قِسْمَةِ الْغَنِيمَةِ\n\n١٧٨٥٥ - وَأَمَّا احْتِجَاجُ أَبِي يُوسُفَ عَلَى الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ بِحَدِيثِ رِجَالٍ هُوَ يَرْغَبُ عَنِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْهُمْ، فَهُوَ أَنَّهُ احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ غَنَائِمَ بَدْرٍ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَقْدِمِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَعَنْ بَعْضِ أَشْيَاخِهِمْ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَمَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ غَنِيمَةً فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ قَطُّ ⦗١٨٣⦘\n\n١٧٨٥٦ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ مَتْرُوكٌ\n\n١٧٨٥٧ - وَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قِسْمَةِ غَنِيمَةِ بَدْرٍ، فَكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ صَاحِبُ الْمَغَازِي\n\n١٧٨٥٨ - وَمَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ، فَكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَهُ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ\n\n١٧٨٥٩ - وَمَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ إِسْهَامِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَثَمَانِيَةٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوهَا، فِيهِمْ: عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، فَهَؤُلَاءِ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَأَمَّا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: فَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ، وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَخَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ، سَمَّاهُمْ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ فِي الْمَغَازِي عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَسَمَّاهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ\n\n١٧٨٦٠ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: سَبْعَةٌ أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ مُوسَى بْنَ عُقْبَةَ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ حَاطِبٍ\n\n١٧٨٦١ - وَأَمَّا احْتِجَاجُ أَبِي يُوسُفَ بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ افْتَتَحَ بِلَادَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَصَارَتْ بِلَادُهُمْ دَارَ إِسْلَامٍ، وَبَعَثَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ يَأْخُذُ صَدَقَاتَهُمْ، فَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ مَا يَعْرِفُهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي\n\n١٧٨٦٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» أَغَارَ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُونَ وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ تُسْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ، فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَهُمْ وَسَبَى سَبْيَهُمْ «⦗١٨٤⦘\n\n١٧٨٦٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ، ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ\n\n١٧٨٦٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ مَكَّةَ، وَذَلِكَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ،» جَعَلَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ يَأْتُونَهُ بِصِبْيَانِهِمْ فَيَمْسَحُ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَيَدْعُو لَهُمْ، وَأَنَّهُ جِيءَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَمْسَحْهُ \"\n\n١٧٨٦٥ - فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُسْتَدَلَّ بِبَعْثَةِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَلَى أَنَّ بِلَادَهُمْ صَارَتْ دَارَ إِسْلَامٍ حِينَ قَسَمَ بِهَا غَنَائِمَهُمْ، وَالْوَلِيدُ كَانَ صَبِيًّا بَعْدَهُ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ، وَإِنَّمَا بَعَثَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ مُصَدِّقًا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِزَمَانٍ طَوِيلٍ، كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀؟\n\n١٧٨٦٦ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"13","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1221>السَّرِيَّةُ تَأْخُذُ الْعَلَفَ وَالطَّعَامَ</span>","vol":"13","page":185},{"text":"١٧٨٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ ⦗١٨٦⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَدُّوا الْخَيْطَ وَالْمَخِيطَ؛ فَإِنَّ الْغُلُولَ عَارٌ وَنَارٌ وَشَنَارٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»\n\n١٧٨٦٨ - وَكَانَ الطَّعَامُ دَاخِلًا فِي مَعْنَى أَمْوَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَأَكْثَرُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ وَالْمَخِيطِ وَالْفِلْسِ وَالْخَرَزَةِ الَّتِي لَا يَحِلُّ أَخْذَهَا لِأَحَدٍ دُونَ أَحَدٍ، فَلَمَّا أَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بِلَادِ الْحَرْبِ فِي الطَّعَامِ، كَانَ الْإِذْنُ فِيهِ خَاصًّا خَارِجًا مِنَ الْجُمْلَةِ الَّتِي اسْتَثْنَى\n\n١٧٨٦٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: مَعَ أَنَّهُ يُرْوَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ بَعْضِ النَّاسِ مِثْلَ مَا قُلْتُ: مِنْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَذِنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّ يَأْكُلُوا فِي بِلَادِ الْعَدُوِّ وَلَا يَخْرُجُوا بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ\n\n١٧٨٧٠ - فَإِنْ كَانَ مِثْلُ هَذَا يَثْبُتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَا حُجَّةَ لِأَحَدٍ مَعَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يَثْبُتُ لِأَنَّ فِي رِجَالِهِ مَنْ يُجْهَلُ فَكَذَلِكَ فِي رِجَالِ مَنْ رَوَى عَنْهُ إِحْلَالَهُ مَنْ يُجْهَلُ \"\n\n١٧٨٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ فِي إِبَاحَتِهِ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ⦗١٨٧⦘ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ","vol":"13","page":185},{"text":"١٧٨٧٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قَالَ: دُلِّيَ جِرَابٌ مِنْ شَحْمِ يَوْمِ خَيْبَرَ، فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَالْتَزَمْتُهُ، فَقُلْتُ: هَذَا لِي، لَا أُعْطِي مِنْ هَذَا أَحَدًا الْيَوْمَ شَيْئًا قَالَ: فَالْتَفَتُّ «فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَبْتَسِمُ إِلَيَّ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"13","page":187},{"text":"١٧٨٧٣ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي بْنُ قَانِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «كُنَّا نَأْتِي الْمَغَازِيَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنُصِيبُ الْعَسَلَ وَالسَّمْنَ فَنَأْكُلُهُ» ⦗١٨٨⦘\n\n١٧٨٧٤ - رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا نُصِيبُ فِي مَغَازِينَا الْعَسَلَ وَالْعِنَبَ فَنَأْكُلُهُ وَلَا نَرْفَعُهُ","vol":"13","page":187},{"text":"١٧٨٧٥ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ قَالَ: \" كُنَّا فِي غَزَاةٍ لَنَا فَلَقِيَنَا أُنَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَجْهَضْنَاهُمْ عَنْ مِلَّةٍ لَهُمْ فَوَقَعْنَا فِيهَا قَالَ: فَجَعَلْنَا نَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا وَكُنَّا نَسْمَعُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ أَكَلَ الْخُبْزَ سَمِنَ، فَلَمَّا أَكَلْنَا تِلْكَ الْخُبْزَةَ جَعَلَ أَحَدُنَا يَنْظُرُ فِي عِطْفَيْهِ هَلْ يُسْمِنُ؟ \"\n\n١٧٨٧٦ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْزُونَ فَيُصِيبُونَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَيَعْلِفُونَ مِنَ الْعَلَفِ وَذَكَرَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا كِفَايَةٌ","vol":"13","page":188},{"text":"١٧٨٧٧ - فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْجَدِيدِ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، حَدِيثَ الْوَاقِدِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ ⦗١٨٩⦘ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ:  «كُلُوا وَاعْلِفُوا وَلَا تَحْمِلُوا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"13","page":188},{"text":"١٧٨٧٨ - وَأَرَادَ بِالْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي مُعَارَضَتِهِ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ حَرْشَفٍ الْأَزْدِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نَأْكُلُ الْجَزَرَ فِي الْغَزْوِ وَلَا نَقْسِمُهُ، حَتَّى إِنْ كُنَّا لَنَرْجِعُ إِلَى رِحَالِنَا وَأَخْرِجَتُنَا مِنْهُ مُمْتَلِئَةٌ»\n\n١٧٨٧٩ - وَفِي كِلَا الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ ضَعْفٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ","vol":"13","page":189},{"text":"١٧٨٨٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «غَزَوْتُ مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ مَعَ رِجَالٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَكَانُوا إِذَا صَعِدُوا إِلَى الثِّمَارِ أَكَلُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُفْسِدُوا أَوْ يَحْمِلُوا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الْعَطَّارُ قَالَ: إِنَّى امْرَؤٌ ⦗١٩٠⦘ مَتْجَرِي إِلَى الْأُبُلَّةِ، وَأَنَا أَمْلَأُ بَطْنِي مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَصْعَدُ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ وَآكُلُ مِنْ تَمْرِهِ وَمِنْ بُسْرِهِ، فَمَا تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧٨٨١ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ","vol":"13","page":189},{"text":"١٧٨٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ دُرَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: «إِنَّ نَاسًا يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَسْتَنْزِلُونِيَ عَنْ دِينِي، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَأَرْجُو أَنْ لَا أَزَالَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَمُوتَ، مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بِيعَ بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَفِيهِ خُمْسُ اللَّهِ وَسِهَامُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»\n\n١٧٨٨٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: يُؤْكَلُ الطَّعَامُ فِي أَرْضِ الْحَرْبِ، فَأَمَّا مَا بِيعَ مِنْهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَفِيهِ خُمْسُ اللَّهِ وَسِهَامُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ\n\n١٧٨٨٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ","vol":"13","page":190},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1222>أَخْذُ السِّلَاحِ وَغَيْرِهِ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ الْإِمَامِ</span>","vol":"13","page":191},{"text":"١٧٨٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ فِي السِّلَاحِ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ: «يُقَاتِلُ بِهِ مَا كَانَ النَّاسُ فِي مَعْمَعَةِ الْقِتَالِ، وَلَا يَنْتَظِرُ بِرَدِّهِ الْفَرَاغَ مِنَ الْحَرْبِ فَيُعَرِّضَهُ لِلْهَلَاكِ وَانْكِسَارِ ثَمَنِهِ فِي طُولِ مُكْثِهِ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ»\n\n١٧٨٨٦ - وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِيَّاكَ وَرِبَا الْغُلُولِ أَنْ تَرْكَبَ الدَّابَّةَ حَتَّى يَحْسِرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُرَدَّ إِلَى الْمَغْنَمِ، أَوْ تَلْبَسَ الثَّوْبَ حَتَّى يَخْلُقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُرَدَّ إِلَى الْمَغْنَمِ»\n\n١٧٨٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَوْ نَزَعْتَ سَهْمًا مِنْ جَنْبِكَ فِي بِلَادِ الْعَدُوِّ مَا كُنْتَ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَخِيكَ»","vol":"13","page":191},{"text":"١٧٨٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي كِتَابِ ⦗١٩٢⦘ الْقَسْمِ، وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي احْتَجَّ بِهِ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ فَمَعْنَاهُ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَرْزُوقٍ مَوْلَى تُجِيبٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، عَنْ رُوَيْفِعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: قَامَ فِينَا خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِلَّا مَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ﵇:  «مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يَسْقِي مَاءَهُ زَرْعَ غَيْرِهِ - يَعْنِي إِتْيَانَ الْحَبَالَى مِنَ الْفَيْءِ - وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يُصِيبُ امْرَأَةَ مِنَ السَّبْيِ حَتَّى يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا بِحَيْضَةٍ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يَبِيعُ مَغْنَمًا حَتَّى يُقْسَمَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يَلْبَسُ ثَوْبًا مِنْ فَيْءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخْلَقَهُ رَدَّهُ فِيهِ» أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ وَغَيْرُهُ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٧٨٨٩ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: الْحَيْضَةُ لَيْسَتْ بِمَحْفُوظَةٍ","vol":"13","page":191},{"text":"١٧٨٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: \" هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ هُوَ عَنْهُ غَنِيٌّ، يُبْقِي بِذَلِكَ عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ أَوْ عَلَى ثَوْبِهِ، أَوْ يَأْخُذُ ذَلِكَ يُرِيدُ بِهِ الْخِيَانَةَ\n\n١٧٨٩١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَكَيْفَ يَحِلُّ هَذَا مَادَامَ فِي الْمَعْمَعَةِ، وَيَحْرُمُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ؟ وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَغْنَمُ الْغَنِيمَةَ فِيهَا الطَّعَامُ فَيَأْكُلُ أَصْحَابُهُ مِنْهَا، إِذَا احْتَاجَ رَجُلٌ جَاءَ فَأَخَذَ حَاجَتَهُ، فَحَاجَةُ النَّاسِ إِلَى السِّلَاحِ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ وَإِلَى الدَّوَابِّ وَالثِّيَابِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِمْ إِلَى الطَّعَامِ \" ⦗١٩٣⦘\n\n١٧٨٩٢ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُجَالِدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ يَأْتِي أَحَدُنَا إِلَى الطَّعَامِ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ فَيَأْخُذُ حَاجَتَهُ \"\n\n١٧٨٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ كَانَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ السِّلَاحَ وَالدَّوَابَّ وَالثِّيَابَ قِيَاسًا عَلَى الطَّعَامِ، فَمَنْ أَخَذَ الطَّعَامَ مِنْ غَنِيٍّ يَجِدُ مَا يَشْتَرِي بِهِ طَعَامًا وَفَقِيرٍ لَا يَجِدُهُ سَوَاءٌ يَحِلُّ لَهُمْ أَكَلُهُ وَأَكْلُهُ اسْتِهْلَاكٌ لَهُ، وَهُوَ إِذَا قَاسَ السِّلَاحَ وَالدَّوَابَّ عَلَيْهِ جَعَلَ لَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَهْلِكَ السِّلَاحَ وَالدَّوَابَّ كَمَا يَسْتَهْلِكُ الطَّعَامَ، وَيَتَفَكَّهُ بِرُكُوبِ الدَّوَابِّ كَمَا يَتَفَكَّهُ بِالطَّعَامِ\n\n١٧٨٩٤ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَمَا أَعْلَمُ مَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ إِلَّا مُوَافِقًا لِلسُّنَّةِ مَعْقُولًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ فِي حَالِ الضَّرُورَةِ الشَّيْءُ، فَإِذَا انْقَضَتِ الضَّرُورَةُ لَمْ يَحِلَّ","vol":"13","page":192},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1223>الْحُكْمُ فِي ذَرَارِيِّ مَنْ ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ، وَحَّدُّ الْبُلُوغِ فِي أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ</span>","vol":"13","page":194},{"text":"١٧٨٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «وَحَّدُّ الْبُلُوغِ فِي أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ الَّذِينَ يُقْتَلُ بَالِغُهُمْ وَيُتْرَكُ غَيْرُ بَالِغِهِمْ أَنْ يُنْبَتُوا الشَّعْرَ»\n\n١٧٨٩٦ - وَذَكَرَ الْمَعْنَى فِي ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: كَشَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ حِينَ قَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ وَسَبَى ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ، وَكَانَ مِنْ سُنَّتِهِ أَنْ لَا يَقْتُلَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا بَالِغًا، فَمَنْ كَانَ أَنْبَتَ قَتَلَهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَنْبَتَ سَبَاهُ\n\n١٧٨٩٧ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ وَهُوَ، يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ فِيمَنْ حَكَمَ فِيهِ سَعْدٌ، فَلَمْ أُنْبِتْ، فَتُرِكْتُ","vol":"13","page":194},{"text":"١٧٨٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ السَّمْتِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْكُوفِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَطِيَّةَ الْقُرَظِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «عُرِضْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ قُرَيْظَةَ، فَمَنْ أَنْبَتَ مِنَّا قَتَلَهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُنْبِتْ مِنَّا اسْتَحْيَاهُ وَسَبَاهُ»\n\n١٧٨٩٩ - وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجْرِ مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنَ الْأَسَانِيدِ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ","vol":"13","page":195},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1224>الْحُكْمُ فِي الرِّجَالِ الْبَالِغِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":196},{"text":"١٧٩٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «ظَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قُرَيْظَةَ وَخَيْبَرَ، فَقَسَمَ عَقَارَهَا مِنَ الْأَرَضِينَ وَالنَّخْلِ قِسْمَةَ الْأَمْوَالِ» ⦗١٩٧⦘\n\n١٧٩٠١ - وَسَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وِلْدَانَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَهَوَازِنَ وَنِسَاءَهُمْ، فَقَسَمَهُمْ قِسْمَةَ الْأَمْوَالِ،\n\n١٧٩٠٢ - وَأَسَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهْلَ بَدْرٍ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِ بِلَا شَيْءٍ أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ فِدْيَةً، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ \"\n\n١٧٩٠٣ - وَكَانَ الْمَقْتُولَانِ بَعْدَ الْإِسَارِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: عُقْبَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، وَالنَّضْرَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ ⦗١٩٨⦘\n\n١٧٩٠٤ - وَكَانَ مِنَ الْمَمْنُونِ عَلَيْهِمْ بِلَا فِدْيَةٍ: أَبُو عَزَّةَ الْجُمَحِيُّ، تَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِبَنَاتِهِ، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يُقَاتِلَهُ، فَأَخْفَرَهُ وَقَاتَلَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ لَا يَفْلِتَ، فَمَا أُسِرَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ رَجُلٌ غَيْرُهُ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ امْنُنْ عَلَيَّ، وَدَعْنِي لِبَنَاتِي، وَأُعْطِيكَ عَهْدًا أَنْ لَا أَعُودَ لِقِتَالِكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" لَا تَمْسَحَ عَلَى عَارِضَيْكَ بِمَكَّةَ تَقُولُ: قَدْ خَدَعْتُ مُحَمَّدًا مَرَّتَيْنِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَضُرِبَتُ عُنُقُهُ \"\n\n١٧٩٠٥ - ثُمَّ أَسَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ثُمَامَةَ بْنَ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيَّ بَعْدُ فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ عَادَ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ بَعْدُ فَأَسْلَمَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ\n\n١٧٩٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَدَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ»","vol":"13","page":196},{"text":"١٧٩٠٧ - هَكَذَا وَقَعَ مَتْنُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي كِتَابِ قِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَأَظُنُّهُ غَلَطٌ مِنَ الْكَاتِبِ، وَالصَّحِيحُ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: «أَسَرَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عَقِيلٍ، وَكَانَتْ ثَقِيفٌ قَدْ أَسَرَتْ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَفَدَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ أَسَرَتْهُمَا ثَقِيفٌ»","vol":"13","page":199},{"text":"١٧٩٠٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسَرَ النَّضْرَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ الْعَبْدرِيَّ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَقَتَلَهُ بِالْبَادِيَةِ، أَوْ بِالنَّازِيَةِ، أَوِ الْأَثِيلِ صَبْرًا «\n\n١٧٩٠٩ - وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسَرَ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَقَتَلَهُ صَبْرًا»","vol":"13","page":199},{"text":"١٧٩١٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسَرَ أَبَا عَزَّةَ الْجُمَحِيَّ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَسَرَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَقَتَلَهُ صَبْرًا، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسَرَ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، وَأَبَا وَدَاعَةَ السَّهْمِيَّ، وَغَيْرَهُمْ، فَفَادَاهُمْ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، وَفَادَى بَعْضَهُمْ بِأَقَلَّ ⦗٢٠٠⦘\n\n١٧٩١١ - وَكَأَنَّ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ فِعْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْإِمَامِ إِذَا أَسَرَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ، وَأَنْ يَمُنَّ بِلَا شَيْءٍ، وَأَنْ يُفَادِي بِمَالٍ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْهُ، وَأَنْ يُفَادِي بِأَنْ يُطْلِقَ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُطْلَقَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أَسْرَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، لَا أَنَّ بَعْضَ هَذَا نَاسِخٌ لِبَعْضٍ، وَلَا مُخَالِفٌ لَهُ بِهِ مِنْ جِهَةِ إِبَاحَتِهِ","vol":"13","page":199},{"text":"١٧٩١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَ السَّبْيُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَوْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ؛ لِأَنَّ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ كَانُوا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ، وَمَنْ وَصَفْتُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ كَانُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ، وَقَدْ مَنَّ عَلَى بَعْضِ الْكَاتِبِينَ فَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ، وَقَتَلَ أَعْمَى مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بَعْدَ الْإِسَارِ»\n\n١٧٩١٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّ ثَابِتَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: هَبْ لِيَ الزُّبَيْرَ الْيَهُودِيَّ أَجْزِهِ بِيَدٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدِي، فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ سَأَلَ ثَابِتًا أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ حِينَ أَخْبَرَهُ بِقَتْلِ قَوْمِهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ\n\n١٧٩١٤ - وَفِي مَغَازِي مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ: أَنَّهُ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَاطَا الْقُرَظِيُّ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ كَبِيرًا أَعْمَى","vol":"13","page":200},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1225>قَتْلُهُمْ بِضَرْبِ الْأَعْنَاقِ دُونَ الْمُثْلَةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":202},{"text":"١٧٩١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" وَإِذَا أَسَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَرَادُوا قَتْلَهُمْ قَتَلُوهُمْ بِضَرْبِ الْأَعْنَاقِ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ، وَقَتَلَ مَنْ قَتَلَ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ\n\n١٧٩١٦ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: قَدْ قَطَعَ أَيْدِي الَّذِينَ اسْتَاقُوا لِقَاحَهُ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ، وَسَمَلَ أَعْيُنَهُمْ فَإِنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ وَرَجُلًا رَوَيَا هَذَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، رَوَيَا فِيهِ، أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَخْطُبْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ خُطْبَةً إِلَّا أَمَرَ بِالصَّدَقَةِ، وَنَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ \"","vol":"13","page":202},{"text":"١٧٩١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ نَاسًا، مِنْ عُرَيْنَةَ قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاجْتوَوَا الْمَدِينَةَ، فَقَالَ:  «لَوْ خَرَجْتُمْ إِلَى ذَوْدٍ لَنَا فَشَرِبْتُمْ مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا»، فَنَعَلُوا وَارْتَدُّوا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَتَلُوا رَاعِيَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاسْتَاقُوا ذَوْدَهُ، فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي طَلَبِهِمْ، فَقَطَعَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ، وَسَمَرَ أَعْيُنَهُمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي الْحَرَّةِ حَتَّى مَاتُوا \"","vol":"13","page":203},{"text":"١٧٩١٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ ⦗٢٠٤⦘، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ أَنَسٌ: فَمَا خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ هَذَا خُطْبَةً إِلَّا نَهَى فِيهَا عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ \"\n\n١٧٩١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ دُونَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةِ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ\n\n١٧٩٢٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ»\n\n١٧٩٢١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَقَالَ: «بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَحُثُّ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ، وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ»\n\n١٧٩٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ الْحُدُودُ\n\n١٧٩٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: «وَكَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ يُنْكِرُ حَدِيثَ أَنَسٍ فِي أَصْحَابِ اللِّقَاحِ»","vol":"13","page":203},{"text":"١٧٩٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ: «لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا سَمَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَيْنًا، وَلَا زَادَ أَهْلَ اللِّقَاحِ عَلَى قَطْعِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلِهِمْ»\n\n١٧٩٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسٌ حَدِيثًا ثَابِتًا صَحِيحًا قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ\n\n١٧٩٢٦ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَفِيهِمَا جَمِيعًا أَنَّهُ سَمَلَ أَعْيُنَهُمْ، فَلَا مَعْنَى لِلْإِنْكَارِ بَعْدَ صِحَّةِ الْإِسْنَادِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يُحْمَلَ عَلَى النَّسْخِ كَمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ وَقَتَادَةُ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ حَمَلَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَوَّلِ كَلَامِهِ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُحْمَلَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ فَعَلَ بِهِمْ مَا فَعَلُوا بِالرِّعَاءِ","vol":"13","page":205},{"text":"١٧٩٢٧ - وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ حَدِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ غَيْلَانَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّمَا سَمَلَ أَعْيُنَ أُولَئِكَ لِأَنَّهُمْ سَمَلُوا أَعْيُنَ الرِّعَاءِ» أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْأَعْرَجُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ غَيْلَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ","vol":"13","page":205},{"text":"١٧٩٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، أَنَّ هَبَّارَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ، كَانَ قَدْ أَصَابَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشَيْءٍ، فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٢٠٦⦘ سَرِيَّةً فَقَالَ: «إِنْ ظَفِرْتُمْ بِهَبَّارٍ فَاجْعَلُوهُ بَيْنَ حِزْمَتَيْنِ مِنْ حَطَبٍ ثُمَّ أَحْرِقُوهُ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَ بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ، إِنْ ظَفِرْتُمْ بِهِ فَاقْطَعُوا يَدَهُ ثُمَّ رِجْلَهُ»\n\n١٧٩٢٩ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَوْلُهُ أَصَابَهَا بِشَيْءٍ يُرِيدُ خُرُوجَهُ خَلْفَهَا حِينَ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، وَرَدَّهَا حَتَّى سَقَطَ بِهَا بَعِيرُهَا، وَأَسْقَطَتْ لِذَلِكَ سِقْطًا","vol":"13","page":205},{"text":"١٧٩٣٠ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْثٍ وَقَالَ: «إِنْ وَجَدْتُمْ فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا - لِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ - فَأَحْرِقُوهُمَا بِالنَّارِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ أَرَدْنَا الْخُرُوجَ: «إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَمَرْتُكُمْ أَنْ تُحْرِقُوا فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا بِالنَّارِ، وَإِنَّ النَّارَ لَا يُعَذِّبُ بِهَا إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمَا فَاقْتُلُوهُمَا» ⦗٢٠٧⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدِيثَ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى\n\n١٧٩٣١ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَسَمُرَةَ قَالَا: «مَا خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا أَمَرَنَا بِالصَّدَقَةِ، وَنَهَانَا عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ»\n\n١٧٩٣٢ - وَحَدِيثُ بُرَيْدَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً قَالَ: «لَا تُمَثِّلُوا» ⦗٢٠٨⦘\n\n١٧٩٣٣ - وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ» وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنْ صَبْرِ الرُّوحِ»\n\n١٧٩٣٤ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَتَّخِذُوا شَيْئًا فِيهِ الرُّوحُ غَرَضًا»\n\n١٧٩٣٥ - وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِقَوْمٍ قَدْ نَصَبُوا دَجَاجَةً وَهُمْ يَرْمُونَهَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَتَّخِذُوا شَيْئًا فِيهِ الرُّوحُ غَرَضًا»\n\n١٧٩٣٦ - وَحَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى أَنْ تُصْبَرَ الْبَهَائِمُ» ⦗٢٠٩⦘\n\n١٧٩٣٧ - وَحَدِيثُ هُنَيِّ بْنِ نُوَيْرَةَ: أَنَّ ابْنَ مُكَعْبَرٍ مُثِّلَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ أَعَفَّ النَّاسِ قِتْلَةً أَهْلُ الْإِيمَانِ»\n\n١٧٩٣٨ - وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ شَدَّادٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا قَتَلْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الْقِتْلَةَ، وَإِذَا ذَبَحْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الذَّبْحَ، وَلْيُحِدَّ أَحَدُكُمْ مُدْيَتَهُ، وَلْيُرِحْ ذَبِيحَتَهُ»\n\n١٧٩٣٩ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ\n\n١٧٩٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَالْمُثْلَةُ الَّتِي نَهَى عَنْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هُوَ أَنْ تُقْطَعَ أَيْدِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِذَا أُسِرُوا، وَتُجْدَعَ آذَانُهُمْ وَأُنُوفُهُمْ، وَقَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَمَثَّلَ بِأَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَأُمَثِّلَنَّ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا مِنْهُمْ» قَالَ: وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ \" ⦗٢١٠⦘\n\n١٧٩٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثٍ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ حِينَ رَأَى حَمْزَةَ: «لَئِنْ ظَفِرْتُ بِقُرَيْشٍ لَأُمَثِّلَنَّ بِسَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ»، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَئِنْ صَبَرْتُمْ لَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لِلصَّابِرِينَ﴾ [النحل: ١٢٦]، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «بَلْ نَصْبِرُ يَا رَبِّ»\n\n١٧٩٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «الْمُثْلَةُ وَاتِّخَاذُ مَا فِيهِ الرُّوحُ غَرَضًا وَإِحْرَاقُ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ بِالنَّارِ لَا يَحِلُّ فِعْلُ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُؤْسَرُوا، وَيَحِلُّ أَنْ يُقَاتَلُوا فَيُرْمَوْا بِالنَّبْلِ وَالْحِجَارَةِ وَيُشْهَبُ النَّارَ وَكُلُّ مَا فِيهِ دَفْعٌ لَهُمْ عَنْ حَرْبِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَمَعُونَةٍ لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَقَدْ أَبَاحَ اللَّهُ رَمْيَ الصَّيْدِ بِالنَّبْلِ مَا كَانَ مُمْتَنِعًا، فَإِذَا أَخَذَ فَقَدْ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُتَّخَذَ عَرَضًا يُرْمَى، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ أَحْسَنَ الذَّبْحِ، وَالْآدَمَيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ»","vol":"13","page":206},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1226>إِسْلَامُ الْمُشْرِكِ بَعْدَ الْأَسْرِ</span>","vol":"13","page":211},{"text":"١٧٩٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: أَسَرَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عَقِيلٍ فَأَوْثَقُوهُ فَطَرَحُوهُ فِي الْحَرَّةِ فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ مَعَهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: أَتَى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى حِمَارٍ وَتَحْتَهُ قَطِيفَةٌ فَنَادَاهُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَأَتَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «مَا شَأْنُكَ؟» قَالَ: فَبِمَ أُخِذْتُ؟ وَفِيمَ أَخَذْتَ سَابِقَةَ الْحَاجِّ؟ قَالَ: «أُخِذْتَ بِجَرِيرَةِ حُلَفَائِكُمْ ثَقِيفٍ»، وَكَانَتْ ثَقِيفٌ قَدِ أَسَرَتْ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَتَرَكَهُ وَمَضَى، فَنَادَاهُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَرَجَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: «مَا شَأْنُكَ؟» فَقَالَ: إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ قَالَ:  «لَوْ قُلْتَهَا وَأَنْتَ تَمْلِكُ أَمْرَكَ أَفْلَحْتَ كُلَّ الْفَلَاحِ» قَالَ: فَتَرَكَهُ وَمَضَى، فَنَادَاهُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي جَائِعٌ فَأَطْعِمْنِي قَالَ: وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَإِنِّي عَطْشَانٌ فَاسْقِنِي قَالَ: «هَذِهِ حَاجَتُكَ» قَالَ: فَفَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَفِي نُسْخَةٍ أُخْرَى: فَفَادَاهُ بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ أَسَرَتْهُمَا ثَقِيفٌ، وَأَخَذَ نَاقَتَهُ تِلْكَ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ ⦗٢١٢⦘\n\n١٧٩٤٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ: وَأُخِذَتْ نَاقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تِلْكَ،\n\n١٧٩٤٥ - وَسُبِيَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الْمَرْأَةِ\n\n١٧٩٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ فِي قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ: «أُخِذْتَ بِجَرِيرَةِ حُلَفَائِكُمْ ثَقِيفٍ»، \" إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَنَّ الْمَأْخُوذَ مُشْرِكٌ مُبَاحُ الدَّمِ وَالْمَالِ لِشِرْكِهِ مِنْ جَمِيعِ جِهَاتِهِ، وَالْعَفْوُ عَنْهُ مُبَاحٌ، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ أَنْ يَقُولَ: «أُخِذْتَ أَيْ حُبِسْتَ بِجَرِيرَةِ حُلَفَائِكُمْ ثَقِيفٍ»، وَيَحْبِسُهُ بِذَلِكَ لِيَصِيرُوا إِلَى أَنْ يُخْلُوا مَنْ أَرَادَ\n\n١٧٩٤٧ - وَقَدْ غَلَطَ بِهَذَا بَعْضُ مَنْ يُشَدِّدُ فِي الْوَلَايَةِ فَقَالَ: يُؤْخَذُ الْوَلِيُّ بِالْوَلِيِّ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَهَذَا مُشْرِكٌ يَحِلُّ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِكُلِّ جِهَةٍ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: «هَذَا ابْنُكَ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: «أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَا يَجْنِي عَلَيْكَ، وَلَا تَجْنِي عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٧٩٤٨ - وَقَضَى اللَّهُ ﵎ أَنْ لَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى\n\n١٧٩٤٩ - فَلَمَّا كَانَ حَبْسُهُ هَذَا حَلَالًا بِغَيْرِ جِنَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ، وَإِرْسَالُهُ مُبَاحًا، جَازَ أَنْ يُحْبَسَ بِجِنَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ لِاسْتِحْقَاقِهِ ذَلِكَ بِنَفْسِهِ\n\n١٧٩٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَسْلَمَ هَذَا الْأَسِيرُ، فَرَأَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ بِلَا نِيَّةٍ قَالَ: «لَوْ قُلْتَهَا وَأَنْتَ تَمْلِكُ نَفْسَكَ أَفْلَحْتَ كُلَّ الْفَلَاحِ»، وَحُقِنَ بِإِسْلَامِهِ دَمُهُ ⦗٢١٣⦘، وَلَمْ يُحِلَّهُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِذْ كَانَ بَعْدَ إِسَارِهِ، وَإِذْ فَدَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ فَهَذَا أَنَّهُ أَثْبَتَ عَلَيْهِ الرِّقَّ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ\n\n١٧٩٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا رَدٌّ لِقَوْلِ مُجَاهِدٍ؛ لِأَنَّ سُفْيَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: إِذَا أَسْلَمَ أَهْلُ الْعُنْوَةِ فَهُمْ أَحْرَارٌ، وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ فَيْءٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَتَرَكْنَا هَذَا اسْتِدْلَالًا بِالْخَبَرِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٧٩٥٢ - قَالَ: وَإِذَا فَادَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَإِنَّمَا فَادَاهُ بِهِمَا أَنَّهُ فَكَّ الرِّقَّ عَنْهُ بِأَنْ خَلُّوا صَاحِبَيْهِ\n\n١٧٩٥٣ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ كُلَّ مَنْ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِ الرِّقُّ، وَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ، إِذَا كَانَ لَا يَسْتَرِقُّ، وَهَذَا الْعُقَيْلِيُّ لَا يَسْتَرِقُّ لِمَوْضِعِهِ فِيهِمْ\n\n١٧٩٥٤ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَدَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هَذَا الْعُقَيْلِيُّ الَّذِي أَسْلَمَ وَرَدَّهُ إِلَى بَلَدِهِ، وَهِيَ أَرْضُ كُفْرٍ، لِعِلْمِهِ بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَصُدُّونَهُ لِقَدْرِهِ فِيهِمْ وَشَرَفِهِ عِنْدَهُمْ \"\n\n١٧٩٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمَنِ ادَّعَى نَسْخَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَلَا تُرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠] فَالْآيَةُ فِي النِّسَاءِ، وَقَدْ رَدَّ أَبَا بَصِيرٍ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ حَتَّى انْفَلَتَ بِنَفْسِهِ، وَرَجَعَ الْعَبَّاسُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ وَقَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَخَافُ أَنْ يَضُرُّوهُ أَوْ يُفْتَنَ عَنْ دِينِهِ لِشَرَفِهِ فِيهِمْ","vol":"13","page":211},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1227>مَنْ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِ الرِّقُّ</span>؟","vol":"13","page":214},{"text":"١٧٩٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَدْ سَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهَوَازِنَ وَقَبَائِلَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، وَأَجْرَى عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّقَّ حَتَّى مَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بَعْدُ\n\n١٧٩٥٧ - فَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي، فَزَعَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا أَطْلَقَ سَبْيَ هَوَازِنَ قَالَ: «لَوْ كَانَ تَامًّا عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ سَبْيٌ لَتَمَّ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ إِسَارٌ وَفِدَاءٌ»\n\n١٧٩٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَمَنْ ثَبَتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الرِّقَّ لَا يَجْرِي عَلَى عَرَبِيٍّ بِحَالٍ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى الْغَسَّانِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ ⦗٢١٥⦘ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ:: «لَا يُسْتَرَقُّ عَرَبِيُّ»\n\n١٧٩٥٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي: \" الْمَوْلَى يَنْكِحُ الْأَمَةَ، يُسْتَرَقُّ وَلَدُهُ وَفِي الْعَرَبِيِّ يَنْكِحُ الْأَمَةَ: لَا يُسْتَرَقُّ وَلَدُهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ قِيمَتُهُمْ \"\n\n١٧٩٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ لَمْ يُثْبِتِ الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ وَالْعَجَمَ سَوَاءٌ، وَأَنَّهُ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّقُّ حَيْثُ جَرَى عَلَى الْعَجَمِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٧٩٦١ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: وَبِهِ أَخَذَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀\n\n١٧٩٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ وَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ: «لَا يُسْتَرَقُّ عَرَبِيُّ» ⦗٢١٦⦘\n\n١٧٩٦٣ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى الْغَسَّانِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «كَانَ فِيمَا يَقْضِي فِيمَا تَسَابَتِ الْعَرَبُ مِنَ الْفِدَاءِ بِأَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ»\n\n١٧٩٦٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «كَانَ يَقْضِي فِي الْعَرَبِ الَّذِينَ يَنْكِحُونَ الْإِمَاءَ فِي الْفِدَاءِ بِالْغُرَّةِ»\n\n١٧٩٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، وَأَنَا أَظُنُّهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عُمَرَ الْوَاقِدِيَّ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ السَّلُولِيِّ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ: «لَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ سَبْيٌ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ ثَبَتَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ، وَلَكِنْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ إِسَارٌ وَفِدَاءٌ»\n\n١٧٩٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَا نَعْلَمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَبَى بَعْدَ حُنَيْنٍ أَحَدًا، وَلَا نَعْلَمُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ سَبَى عَرَبِيًّا مِنْ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، وَلَكِنْ أَسَرَهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى خَلَّاهُمْ عُمَرُ\n\n١٧٩٦٧ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ شَيْءٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي سَبْيِ بَعْضِ الْعَرَبِ وَلَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ أَسَرَهُمْ، وَأَحْسَبُ أَنَّ مَنْ قَالَ سَبَاهُمْ إِنَّمَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَى هَذَا، وَالْحِجَازُ عِنْدَنَا لَيْسَ فِي أَهْلِهِ عَرَبِيُّ عَلِمْتُهُ جَرَى عَلَيْهِ سَبْيٌ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ\n\n١٧٩٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا قَبْلَ سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ فَالسَّبْيُ كَانَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ، وَالْأَخْبَارُ بِذَلِكَ نَاطِقَةٌ، وَلَوْ صَحَّ حَدِيثُ مُعَاذٍ كَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ رَاوِيهِ مُوسَى ⦗٢١٧⦘ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، وَالرَّاوِي عَنْهُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ هَذَا اللَّفْظَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ طُرُقِ حَدِيثِ سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٧٩٦٩ - وَمَنِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي ثَبَتَتْ فِي جَرَيَانِ الرِّقِّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، سَبَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي نَذْرٍ مُحَرَّرًا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ كَانَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَسُبِيَ سَبْيٌ مِنْ بَلْعَنْبَرَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنْ سَرَّكِ أَنْ تَفِي بِنَذْرِكِ فَأَعْتِقِي مُحَرَّرًا مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ»، فَجَعَلَهُمْ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n١٧٩٧٠ - إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ فِيمَا زَعَمَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":214},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1228>تَحْرِيمُ الْفِرَارِ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ</span>","vol":"13","page":218},{"text":"١٧٩٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ﴾، \" فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يَفِرَّ الْعِشْرُونَ مِنَ الْمِئَتَيْنِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ﴾ فَخَفَّفَ عَنْهُمْ، وَكَتَبَ أَنْ لَا يَفِرَّ مِائَةٌ مِنْ مِائَتَيْنِ \" ⦗٢١٩⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"13","page":218},{"text":"١٧٩٧٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «مَنْ فَرَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فَلَمْ يَفِرَّ، وَمَنْ فَرَّ مِنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَقَدْ فَرَّ»\n\n١٧٩٧٣ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ، وَسَقَطَ مِنْ إِسْنَادِهِ بَيْنَ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ\n\n١٧٩٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ عَطَاءٌ\n\n١٧٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا فَلَا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الْأَدْبَارَ وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ\n\n١٧٩٧٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالتَّحَرُّفُ لِلْقِتَالِ الِاسْتِطْرَادُ إِلَى أَنْ يُمَكَّنَ الْمُسْتَطْرِدُ الْكَرَّةَ فِي أَيِّ حَالٍ مَا كَانَ الْإِمْكَانُ وَالتَّحَيُّزُ إِلَى الْفِئَةَ، إِنْ كَانَتِ الْفِئَةُ بِبِلَادِ الْعَدُوِّ، أَوْ بِبِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَقْرَبُ، وَإِنَّمَا يَأْثَمُ بِالتَّوْلِيَةِ مَنْ لَمْ يَنْوِ وَاحِدًا مِنَ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ","vol":"13","page":219},{"text":"١٧٩٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي ⦗٢٢٠⦘ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فَلَقُوا الْعَدُوَّ فَحَاصَ النَّاسُ حَيْصَةً، فَأَتَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَفَتَحْنَا بَابَهَا وَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نَحْنُ الْفَرَّارُونَ، فَقَالَ:  «بَلْ أَنْتُمُ الْعَكَّارُونَ، وَأَنَا فِئَتُكُمْ»","vol":"13","page":219},{"text":"١٧٩٧٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ قَالَ:  «أَنَا فِئَةُ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ»\n\n١٧٩٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ حِكَايَةً عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، مِنْهُمُ الْحَسَنُ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ، وَلَيْسَتْ بِعَامَّةٍ\n\n١٧٩٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ\n\n١٧٩٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: آيُ الْقُرْآنِ عَامٌّ لِجَمِيعِ النَّاسِ، وَكُلُّ الْخَلْقِ مُرَادٌ بِهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ الْفَرْضِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَصَدَ بِهِ إِلَى قَوْمٍ دُونَ قَوْمٍ\n\n١٧٩٨٢ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ أَحَادِيثَ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ بَيْعَةِ النَّاسِ إِمَامَهُمْ ⦗٢٢١⦘، وَمَقْصُودُهُ مِنْهَا هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ، وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُ أَسَانِيدَهَا وَمَا وَقَعَ إِلَيْنَا فِي الْبَيْعَةِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ يَرْحَمُهُ اللَّهُ","vol":"13","page":220},{"text":"١٧٩٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ، أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ:  «بَايَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي الْعُسْرِ وَالْيُسْرِ، وَالْمَكْرَهِ وَالْمَنْشَطِ، وَأَنْ لَا نُنَازِعَ الْأَمْرَ أَهْلَهُ، وَأَنْ نَقُولَ أَوْ نَقُومَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا نَخَافُ فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ يَحْيَى","vol":"13","page":221},{"text":"١٧٩٨٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ: أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سِتًّا كَمَا أَخَذَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ: «أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا ⦗٢٢٢⦘ تَسْرِقُوا، وَلَا تَزْنُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ، وَلَا يَغْتَبْ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا، وَلَا تَعْصُوا فِي مَعْرُوفٍ أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ، فَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْكُمْ وَاحِدَةً فَعُجِّلَتْ عُقُوبَتُهُ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ، وَمَنْ أُخِّرَتْ عُقُوبَتُهُ فَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ غَفَرَ لَهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ","vol":"13","page":221},{"text":"١٧٩٨٥ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُنَّا إِذَا بَايَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ يَقُولُ لَنَا: «فِيمَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"13","page":222},{"text":"١٧٩٨٦ - زَادَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ أُمَيْمَةَ بِنْتِ رُقَيْقَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نِسْوَةٍ نُبَايعُهُ فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نُبَايعُكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا نُشْرِكَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا نَسْرِقَ، وَلَا نَزْنِيَ، وَلَا نَقْتُلَ أَوْلَادَنَا، وَلَا نَأْتِيَ بِبُهْتَانٍ نَفْتَرِيهِ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَأَرْجُلِنَا، وَلَا نَعْصِيَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فِيمَا اسْتَطَعْتُنَّ وَأَطَقْتُنَّ» قَالَتْ: فَقُلْنَا: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَرْحَمُ بِنَا مِنْ ⦗٢٢٣⦘ أَنْفُسِنَا، هَلُمَّ نُبَايعْكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنِّي لَا أُصَافِحُ النِّسَاءَ، إِنَّمَا قَولِي لِمِائَةِ امْرَأَةٍ كَقَوْلِي لِامْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ»\n\n١٧٩٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَقَوْلِي لِامْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ»، أَوْ «مِثْلَ قَوْلِي لِامْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ»","vol":"13","page":222},{"text":"١٧٩٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ:  «لَمْ نُبَايعْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، وَلَكِنْ بَايَعْنَاهُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا نَفِرَّ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":223},{"text":"١٧٩٨٩ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: \" لَمَّا كَانَ زَمَانُ الْحَرَّةِ أَتَاهُ آتٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: هَذَاكَ ابْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ يُبَايعُ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ: عَلَى أَيِّ شَيْءٍ؟ قَالَ: عَلَى الْمَوْتِ قَالَ: لَا أُبَايعُ عَلَى هَذَا أَحَدًا بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" ⦗٢٢٤⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ مُوسَى، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ\n\n١٧٩٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالسُّنَّةُ أَنْ يُبَايعَ النَّاسُ إِمَامَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوا مَعَهُ مَا أَمْكَنَهُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَأَطَاقُوهُ، فَإِذَا لَمْ يُطِيقُوهُ فَلَا سَبِيلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كَمَا وَصَفَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُبَايعُ النَّاسَ فِيمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا»\n\n١٧٩٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ عَجَزُوا عَنِ الْقِتَالِ وَسِعَهُمُ التَّحَيُّزُ وَالْفِرَارُ إِلَى فِئَةٍ، وَكُلُّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِئَةٌ\n\n١٧٩٩٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «أَنَا فِئَةُ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ»","vol":"13","page":223},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1229>النَّهْيُ عَنْ قَصْدِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ بِالْقَتْلِ</span>","vol":"13","page":225},{"text":"١٧٩٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى الَّذِينَ بَعَثَ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ\n\n١٧٩٩٤ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: «إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا بَعَثَ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ نَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ»","vol":"13","page":225},{"text":"١٧٩٩٥ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ امْرَأَةً مَقْتُولَةً فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ وَنَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ\n\n١٧٩٩٦ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ مُرْسَلًا","vol":"13","page":226},{"text":"١٧٩٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَهُ، «أَنَّ امْرَأَةً وُجِدَتْ فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَقْتُولَةً، فَأَنْكَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَتْلَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٢٧⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَقُتَيْبَةَ وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"13","page":226},{"text":"١٧٩٩٨ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سَرِيعٍ، أَنَّ قَوْمًا قَتَلُوا الذُّرِّيَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُقْتَلُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ»، قِيلَ: أَوَ لَيْسَ بِأَوْلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ؟ قَالَ: «خِيَارُكُمْ أَوْلَادُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ»\n\n١٧٩٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"13","page":227},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1230>التَّبْيِيتُ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَإِصَابَةُ نِسَائِهِمْ وَذَرَارِيِّهِمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ قَصْدٍ</span>","vol":"13","page":228},{"text":"١٨٠٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُبَيَّتُونَ فَيُصَابُ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هُمْ مِنْهُمْ» ⦗٢٢٩⦘\n\n١٨٠٠١ - وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «هُمْ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ»","vol":"13","page":228},{"text":"١٨٠٠٢ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الصَّعْبُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ، \" أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُبَيَّتُونَ فَيُصَابُ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ وَذَرَارِيِّهِمْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «هُمْ مِنْهُمْ»\n\n١٨٠٠٣ - قَالَ: وَزَادَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ «هُمْ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":229},{"text":"١٨٠٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «هُمْ مِنْهُمْ» إِبَاحَةً لِقَتْلِهِمْ، وَأَنَّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ نَاسِخٌ لَهُ قَالَ: وَكَانَ الزُّهْرِيُّ إِذَا حَدَّثَ بِحَدِيثِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ أَتْبَعَهُ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٨٠٠٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ كَانَ فِي عُمْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي عُمْرَتِهِ الْأُولَى فَقَدْ قُتِلَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ قَبْلَهَا، وَقِيلَ فِي سَنَتِهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي عُمْرَتِهِ الْآخِرَةِ فَهُوَ بَعْدَ أَمْرِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ غَيْرَ شَكٍّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٠٠٦ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْهُ رَخَّصَ فِي قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنْهُ\n\n١٨٠٠٧ - وَمَعْنَى نَهْيهِ عِنْدَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، عَنْ قَتَلَ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ أَنْ يَقْصِدَ قَتْلَهُمْ بِقَتْلٍ، وَهُمْ يُعْرَفُونَ مُتَمَيِّزِينَ مِمَّنْ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ مِنْهُمْ\n\n١٨٠٠٨ - وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: «هُمْ مِنْهُمْ» أَنَّهُمْ يَجْمَعُونَ خَصْلَتَيْنِ: أَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ ⦗٢٣٠⦘ حُكْمُ الْإِيمَانِ الَّذِي يَمْنَعُ الدَّمَ، وَلَا حُكْمَ دَارِ الْإِيمَانِ الَّذِي يَمْنَعُ الْغَارَةَ عَلَى الدَّارِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٨٠٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ صَاحِبِ الْمَغَازِي «أَنَّ قَتْلَ أَبِي رَافِعِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ كَانَ قَبْلَ غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَقَبْلَ عُمْرَةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ»\n\n١٨٠١٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِهِ وَهُوَ بِالْأَبْوَاءِ، أَوْ بِوَدَّانَ، فَأَهْدَى إِلَيْهِ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ فَرَدَّهُ وَقَالَ: «إِنَّا حُرُمٌ»، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَرَارِيِّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٠١١ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ كَوْنِهِ بَعْدَ نَهْيهِ عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، وَأَنَّ وَجْهَ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"13","page":229},{"text":"١٨٠١٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ أَيْضًا بِجَوَازِ التَّبْيِيتِ بِمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ⦗٢٣١⦘ عَوْنٍ، أَنَّ نَافِعًا كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ يُخْبِرُهُ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَغَارَ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُونَ فِي نَعَمِهِمْ بِالْمُرَيْسِيعِ، فَقَتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةَ وَسَبَى الذُّرِّيَّةَ \" أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ","vol":"13","page":230},{"text":"١٨٠١٣ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَانْتَهَى إِلَيْهَا لَيْلًا، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا طَرَقَ قَوْمًا لَمْ يُغِرْ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، فَإِنْ سَمِعَ أَذَانًا أَمْسَكَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا يُصَلُّونَ أَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ رَكِبَ وَرَكِبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَخَرَجَ أَهْلُ الْقَرْيَةِ وَمَعَهُمْ مَكَاتِلُهُمْ وَمَسَاحِيهِمْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالُوا: مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ، إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ» قَالَ أَنَسٌ: وَإِنِّي لَرِدْفُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَإِنَّ قَدَمَيَّ لَتَمَسُّ قَدَمَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٨٠١٤ - فَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، رِوَايَةُ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ لَا يُغِيرُ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، لَيْسَ تَحْرِيمًا لِلْإِغَارَةِ لَيْلًا وَلَا نَهَارًا، وَلَا غَارِينَ فِي حَالٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بِنَصْرِ مَنْ مَعَهُ كَيْفَ يُغِيرُونَ احْتِيَاطًا مِنْ أَنْ يُؤْتَوْا مِنْ كَمِينٍ أَوْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ، وَقَدْ تَخْتَلِطُ الْحَرْبُ إِذَا أَغَارُوا لَيْلًا ⦗٢٣٢⦘ فَيَقْتُلُ بَعْضُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْضًا، قَدْ أَصَابَهُمْ ذَلِكَ فِي قَتْلِ ابْنِ عَتِيكٍ فَقَطَعُوا رِجْلَ أَحَدِهِمْ\n\n١٨٠١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ فِي قِتَالِ ابْنِ عَتِيكٍ خُرُوجَهُ فِي قَتْلِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ فِيَ تِلْكَ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَتِيكٍ سَقَطَ فَوَثَبَتْ رِجْلُهُ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ فِي قَتْلِ كَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ فَغَلَطَ الْكَاتِبُ فِي الْقِصَّةِ، فَفِي قِصَّةِ قَتْلِ كَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ أَنَّهُ أُصِيبَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فَجُرِحَ فِي رَأْسِهِ وَرِجْلِهِ\n\n١٨٠١٦ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ: أَصَابَهُ بَعْضُ أَسْيَافِنَا وَقُتِلَ، بَلْ أَصَابُوا عَبَّادَ بْنَ بِشْرٍ فِي وَجْهِهِ أَوْ فِي رِجْلِهِ، وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ وَذَلِكَ فِي قِصَّةِ قَتْلِ كَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ","vol":"13","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1231>الْمَرْأَةُ تُقَاتِلُ فَتُقْتَلُ</span>","vol":"13","page":233},{"text":"١٨٠١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ يَهُودِيَّةٍ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، إِنَّهَا لَتُحَدِّثُ عِنْدِي وَتَضْحَكُ إِذَا نُودِيَ بِهَا»، فَقَالَتْ: «إِنِّي الْآنَ لَمَقْتُولَةٌ»، قُلْتُ: وَمَا شَأْنُكِ؟ قَالَتْ: «أَحْدَثْتُ حَدَثًا»\n\n١٨٠١٨ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ: قَالَتْ: «مَا قَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ»\n\n١٨٠١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَحَدَّثَنِي أَصْحَابُنَا أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ دَلَّتْ عَلَى مَحْمُودِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ رَحَا فَقَتَلَتْهُ، فَقُتِلَتْ بِذَلِكَ\n\n١٨٠٢٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ جَاءَ الْخَبَرُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَتَلَ الْقُرَظِيَّةَ، وَلَمْ يَصِحَّ خَبَرٌ عَلَى أَيِّ مَعْنًى قَتَلَهَا وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ أَسْلَمَتْ ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّتْ وَلَحِقَتْ بِقَوْمِهَا فَقَتَلَهَا لِذَلِكَ وَيُحْتَمَلُ غَيْرُهُ\n\n١٨٠٢١ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ مَحْمُودَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ قُتِلَ بِخَيْبَرَ وَلَمْ يُقْتَلْ يَوْمَ بَنِي ⦗٢٣٤⦘ قُرَيْظَةَ، وَذَاكَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ائْذَنْ لِي أَنْ أَخْرُجَ إِلَى مَرْحَبَ، فَأَنَا وَاللَّهِ الْمَوْتُورُ الثَّائِرُ\n\n١٨٠٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَالْوَاقِدِيِّ، أَنَّ خَلَّادَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ الْخَزْرَجِيَّ، دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ فُلَانَةُ - امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ - رَحًا فَشَدَخَتْ رَأْسَهُ، فَقَتَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا ذَكَرَ\n\n١٨٠٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ رَبَاحِ بْنِ يَحْيَى أَخِي حَنْظَلَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى امْرَأَةً ضَخْمَةً مَقْتُولَةً فَقَالَ: «مَا أَرَى هَذِهِ كَانَتْ تُقَاتِلُ»\n\n١٨٠٢٤ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهَا إِذَا قَاتَلَتْ حَلَّ قِتَالُهَا وَقَتْلُهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":233},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1232>قَطْعُ الشَّجَرِ وَحَرْقُ الْمَنَازِلِ</span>","vol":"13","page":235},{"text":"١٨٠٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" كُلُّ مَا كَانَ مِمَّا يَمْلِكُونَ لَا رُوحَ فِيهِ، فَإِتْلَافُهُ بِكُلِّ وَجْهٍ مُبَاحٌ\n\n١٨٠٢٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ فِي بَنِي النَّضِيرِ حِينَ حَارَبَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ﴾ [الحشر: ٢] الْآيَةَ إِلَى ﴿يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الحشر: ٢]، فَوَصَفَ إِخْرَابَهُمْ مَنَازِلَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَإِخْرَابَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بُيُوتَهُمْ، وَوَصْفُهُ إِيَّاهُ ﵎ كَالرِّضَا بِهِ \"\n\n١٨٠٢٧ - وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَطْعِ أَلْوَانٍ مِنْ أَلْوَانِ نَخْلِهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ رِضًا بِمَا صَنَعُوا مِنْ قَطْعِ نَخِيلِهِمْ: ﴿مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ لِينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ﴾ [الحشر: ٥]، فَرَضِيَ الْقَطْعَ وَأَبَاحَ التَّرْكَ \"","vol":"13","page":235},{"text":"١٨٠٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ ⦗٢٣٦⦘، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَطَعَ نَخْلَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَحَرَّقَ، وَهِيَ الْبُوَيْرَةُ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَذَكَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ نُزُولَ الْآيَةِ فِيهِ، وَذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ","vol":"13","page":235},{"text":"١٨٠٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «حَرَّقَ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ» فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ:\n[البحر الطويل]\n⦗٢٣٧⦘\nوَهَانَ عَلَى سُرَاةِ بَنِي لُؤَيٍّ ... حَرِيقٌ بِالْبُوَيْرَةِ مُسْتَطِيرُ\n\n١٨٠٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الشَّعْرُ فِي حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، مَوْصُولًا\n\n١٨٠٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَلَعَلَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَرَّقَ مَالَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ؟ قِيلَ: عَلَى مَعْنَى مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ، وَقَدْ قَطَعَ وَحَرَّقَ بِخَيْبَرَ، وَهِيَ بَعْدَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَحَرَّقَ الطَّائِفَ، وَهِيَ آخِرُ غَزَاةٍ قَاتَلَ بِهَا، وَأَمَرَ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ أَنْ يُحْرِقَ عَلَى أَهْلِ أُبْنَى","vol":"13","page":236},{"text":"١٨٠٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا ⦗٢٣٨⦘ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ:  «أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُغِيرَ صَبَاحًا عَلَى أَهْلِ أَبْنَا وَأُحَرِّقَ»\n\n١٨٠٣٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي الْأَخْضَرِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَكَانَ أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ، يَقُولُ: نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ، وَهِيَ يَبْنَا فِلَسْطِينَ","vol":"13","page":237},{"text":"١٨٠٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: «أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ بِتَأْوِيلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، وَقَدْ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَعَمِلَ بِهِ أَئِمَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»\n\n١٨٠٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَعَلَّ أَمْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁ بِأَنْ يَكُفُّوا عَنْ أَنْ يَقْطَعُوا شَجَرًا مُثْمِرًا، إِنَّمَا هُوَ لِأَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُخْبِرُ أَنَّ بِلَادَ الشَّامِ تُفْتَحُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ مُبَاحًا لَهُ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ وَيَتْرُكَ اخْتَارَ التَّرْكَ نَظَرًا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ ⦗٢٣٩⦘\n\n١٨٠٣٦ - وَقَدْ قَطَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَلَمَّا أَسْرَعَ فِي النَّخْلِ قِيلَ لَهُ: «قَدْ وَعَدَكَهَا اللَّهُ فَلَوِ اسْتَبْقَيْتَهَا لِنَفْسِكَ»، فَكَفَّ عَنِ الْقَطْعِ اسْتِبْقَاءً، لَا لِأَنَّ الْقَطْعَ مُحَرَّمٌ، فَقَدْ قَطَعَ بِخَيْبَرَ، ثُمَّ قَطَعَ بِالطَّائِفِ","vol":"13","page":238},{"text":"١٨٠٣٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَشْيَاخِنَا، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نُسَيٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ، أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ: إِنَّ الرُّومَ يَأْخُذُونَ مَا حَسَرَ مِنْ خَيْلِنَا فَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَهَا وَيُقَاتِلُونَ عَلَيْهَا، أَفَنَعْقِرُ مَا حَسَرَ مِنْ خَيْلِنَا؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، لَيْسُوا بِأَهْلٍ أَنْ يَنْتَقِصُوا مِنْكُمْ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ غِذَاءُ رَقِيقِكُمْ وَأَهْلِ ذِمَّتِكُمْ»\n\n١٨٠٣٨ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَعَثَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى طُلَيْحَةَ وَبَنِي تَمِيمٍ قَالَ: أَيُّمَا وَادٍ أَوْ دَارٍ غَشِيتَهَا فَأَمْسِكْ عَنْهَا إِنْ سَمِعْتَ أَذَانًا حَتَّى تَسْأَلَهُمْ: «مَا تُرِيدُونَ، وَمَا تَنْقِمُونَ» وَأَيُّمَا دَارٍ غَشِيتَهَا فَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ فِيهَا أَذَانًا فَشُنَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْغَارَةَ وَاقْتُلْ وَحَرِّقْ\n\n١٨٠٣٩ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: وَلَا نَرَى أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِالشَّامِ إِلَّا لِعِلْمِهِ بِأَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ سَيَظْهَرُونَ عَلَيْهَا وَيَبْقَى ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ ⦗٢٤٠⦘\n\n١٨٠٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي الْمَغَازِي، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِقَطْعِ كُرُومِ ثَقِيفٍ حِينَ حَاصَرَهُمْ بِالطَّائِفِ»\n\n١٨٠٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا تَحَصَّنَ الْعَدُوُّ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُرْمُوا بِالْمَجَانِيقِ، وَالْعَرَّادَاتِ، وَالنِّيرَانِ، وَغَيْرِهَا»\n\n١٨٠٤٢ - نَصَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَهْلِ الطَّائِفِ مَنْجَنِيقًا أَوْ عَرَّادَةً، وَنَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ فِيهِمُ النِّسَاءَ وَالْوِلْدَانَ\n\n١٨٠٤٣ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَصَبَ الْمَنْجَنِيقَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الطَّائِفِ\n\n١٨٠٤٤ - وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي عَبَّادٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُلَيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ «نَصَبَ الْمَنْجَنِيقَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ»\n\n١٨٠٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْعَدُوِّ يَعْلُوَنَّ الْحِصْنَ بِأَطْفَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَتَتَرَّسُونَ بِهِمْ» ⦗٢٤١⦘\n\n١٨٠٤٦ - قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: يَكُفُّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَنْ رَمْيهِمٍ، فَإِنْ بَرَزَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ رَمُوهُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿وَلَوْلَا رِجَالٌ مُؤْمِنُونَ وَنِسَاءٌ مُؤْمِنَاتٌ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوهُمْ أَنْ تَطَئُوهُمْ﴾ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنَ الْآيَةِ، فَكَيْفَ يَرْمِي الْمُسْلِمُونَ مَنْ لَا يَرَوْنَهُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ؟ \"\n\n١٨٠٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي تَأَوَّلَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ يَحْتَمِلُ مَا تَأَوَّلَهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَفَّهُ عَنْهُمْ لِمَا سَبَقَ فِي عِلْمِهِ مِنْ أَنَّهُ سَيُسْلِمُ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ طَائِعِينَ\n\n١٨٠٤٨ - وَالَّذِي قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا إِذْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِنَا ضَرُورَةٌ إِلَى قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْحِصْنِ\n\n١٨٠٤٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَكِنْ لَوِ اضْطُرِرْنَا إِلَى أَنْ نَخَافَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا إِنْ كَفَفْنَا عَنْ حَرْبِهِمِ قَاتَلْنَاهُمْ وَلَمْ نَعْمَدْ قَتْلَ الْمُسْلِمِ، فَإِنْ أَصَبْنَاهُ كَفَرْنَاهُ","vol":"13","page":239},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1233>تَحْرِيمُ إِتْلَافِ مَا ظَفَرَ بِهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ ذَوَاتِ الْأَرْوَاحِ وَعَقْرِهِ </span>\"","vol":"13","page":242},{"text":"١٨٠٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ صُهَيْبٍ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ قَتَلَ عُصْفُورًا فَمَا فَوْقَهَا بِغَيْرِ حَقِّهَا سَأَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْ قَتْلِهِ»، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَمَا حَقُّهَا؟ قَالَ: «أَنْ يَذْبَحَهَا فَيَأْكُلَهَا، وَلَا يَقْطَعَ رَأْسَهَا فَيَرْمِيَ بِهَا» ⦗٢٤٣⦘\n\n١٨٠٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمَصْبُورَةِ","vol":"13","page":242},{"text":"١٨٠٥٢ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْبَهَائِمِ صَبْرًا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ","vol":"13","page":243},{"text":"١٨٠٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ: «لَا تَعْقِرَنَّ شَاةً وَلَا بَعِيرًا إِلَّا لِأَكْلِهِ، وَلَا تُغْرِقَنَّ نَخْلًا، وَلَا تُحْرِقَنَّهُ»\n\n١٨٠٥٤ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَلَا تَقْطَعَنَّ شَجَرًا مُثْمِرًا فَقَطَعْتَهُ، فَإِنِّي إِنَّمَا قَطَعْتُهُ بِالسُّنَّةِ وَاتِّبَاعِ مَا جَاءَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ أَوْلَى بِي وَبِالْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي ذَوَاتِ الْأَرْوَاحِ مُخَالِفًا مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ وَلَا مِثْلَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا حَفِظْتُ، مَعَ أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ تَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي ذَوَاتِ الْأَرْوَاحِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ الْعُصْفُورِ ⦗٢٤٤⦘\n\n١٨٠٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ، «أَنَّهُ أَوْصَى ابْنَهُ أَنْ لَا يَعْقِرَ جَسَدًا»\n\n١٨٠٥٦ - وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، «أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ عَقْرِ الدَّابَّةِ إِذَا هِيَ قَامَتْ»\n\n١٨٠٥٧ - وَعَنْ قَبِيصَةَ، «أَنَّ فَرَسَهُ، قَامَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْضِ الرُّومِ فَتَرَكَهُ وَنَهَى عَنْ عَقْرِهِ»\n\n١٨٠٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ سَمِعَ هِشَامَ بْنَ الْغَازِ، يَرْوِي عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ فَنَهَاهُ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ \"\n\n١٨٠٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: «وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَحْلًا ذَهَبَ رُبْعُ أَجْرِهِ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَ جَرَادًا ذَهَبَ رُبْعُ أَجْرِهِ»\n\n١٨٠٦٠ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ عَقَرَ عِنْدَ الْحَرْبِ، فَلَا أَحْفَظُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ ثَبْتٍ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ، وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ مَشْهُورًا عِنْدَ عَوَّامِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي ⦗٢٤٥⦘\n\n١٨٠٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ رُوِيَ، عَنْ أَبِي رُهْمٍ السَّمَاعِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ عَقَرَ بَهِيمَةً ذَهَبَ رُبْعُ أَجْرِهِ، وَمَنْ حَرَّقَ نَخْلًا ذَهَبَ رُبْعُ أَجْرِهِ»\n\n١٨٠٦٢ - وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"13","page":243},{"text":"١٨٠٦٣ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، إِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي الَّذِي أَرْضَعَنِي، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ بَنِي مُرَّةَ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَكَانَ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزَاةِ، غَزَاةَ مُؤْتَةَ قَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى جَعْفَرٍ حِيْنَ اقْتَحَمَ عَنْ فَرَسٍ لَهُ شَقْرَاءَ فَعَقَرَهَا، ثُمَّ قَاتَلَ الْقَوْمَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٠٦٤ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَيْسَ بِذَلِكَ الْقَوِيِّ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِيهِ نَهْيُ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٨٠٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ أَنَّهَا قِيَاسٌ عَلَى مَا لَا رُوحَ فِيهِ فَلْيَقُلْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَحْرِقُوهَا كَمَا لَهُمْ أَنْ يَحْرِقُوا النَّخْلَ وَالْبُيُوتَ، وَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ ذَبْحَ مَا يُذْبَحُ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ ذَبْحَهَا لِلْمَنْفَعَةِ بِأَنْ تَكُونَ مَأْكُولَةً، لَيْسَ بِأَنْ تُعَذَّبَ بِالذَّبْحِ وَلَا تَكُونَ مَأْكُولَةً، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"13","page":245},{"text":"١٨٠٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَكِنْ إِنْ قَاتَلُوا فُرْسَانًا، لَمْ نَرَ بَأْسًا إِذْ كُنَّا نَجِدُ السَّبِيلَ إِلَى قَتْلِهِمْ بِأَرْجَالِهِمْ أَنْ نَعْقِرَهُمْ كَمَا نَرْمِيهِمْ بِالْمَجَانِيقِ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَهُمْ،\n\n١٨٠٦٧ - وَقَدْ عَقَرَ حَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ الرَّاهِبِ بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَأَكْسَعَتْ فَرَسُهُ بِهِ فَسَقَطَ عَنْهَا، فَجَلَسَ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ لِيَذْبَحَهُ فَرَآهُ ابْنُ شَعْوَبٍ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ يَعْدُو كَأَنَّهُ سَبْعٌ فَقَتَلَهُ وَاسْتَنْقَذَ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ مِنْ تَحْتِهِ\n\n١٨٠٦٨ - فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ: \"\n[البحر الطويل]\nفَلَوْ شِئْتُ نَجَّتْنِي كُمَيْتٌ رَجِيلَةٌ ... وَلَمْ أَجْهَلِ النَّعْمَاءَ لِابْنِ شَعُوبِ\nوَمَا زَالَ مُهْرِي مَزْجَرَ الْكَلْبِ مِنْهُمُ ... لَدُنْ غُدْوَةً حَتَّى دَنَتْ لِغُرُوبِ\n⦗٢٤٧⦘\nأُقَاتِلُهُمْ طَرًّا وَأَدْعُو يَا لَغَالِبِ ... وَأَدْفَعُهُمْ عَنِّي بِرُكْنٍ صَلِيبِ\n\n١٨٠٦٩ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: عَقَرَ حَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ الرَّاهِبِ بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَرَسُهُ، وَذَلِكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ، وَلَا نَهَاهُ وَلَا غَيْرَهُ عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا\"","vol":"13","page":246},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1234>مَا جَاءَ فِي قَتْلِ مَنْ لَا قِتَالَ مِنْهُ مِنَ الرُّهْبَانِ وَغَيْرِهِ</span>","vol":"13","page":248},{"text":"١٨٠٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَيُتْرَكُ قَتْلُ الرُّهْبَانِ اتِّبَاعًا لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁» وَنَصَّ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ عَلَى قِتَالِ مَنْ لَا قِتَالَ مِنْهُ سِوَى الرُّهْبَانِ، وَنَصَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ فِي الرُّهْبَانِ اتِّبَاعًا لَا قِيَاسًا.\n\n١٨٠٧١ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَلَى سِيَرِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ الْمَسْمُوعِ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩]، وَقَالَ فِي غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٣]، فَحَقَنَ اللَّهُ دِمَاءَ مَنْ لَمْ يَدِنْ دِينَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِالْإِيمَانِ لَا غَيْرِهِ، وَحَقَنَ دِمَاءَ مَنْ دَانَ دِينَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ بِالْإِيمَانِ أَوْ إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ، لَا أَعْرِفُ مِنْهُمْ خَارِجًا مِنْ هَذَا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ ⦗٢٤٩⦘\n\n١٨٠٧٢ - وَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ دُرَيْدُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ ابْنَ خَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَهُوَ فِي شِجَارٍ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الْجُلُوسَ، فَذُكِرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ قَتْلَهُ\n\n١٨٠٧٣ - وَلَا أَعْرِفُ فِي الرُّهْبَانِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُسْلِمُوا، أَوْ يُؤَدُّوا الْجِزْيَةَ، أَوْ يُقَتَّلُوا وَلَا أَعْرِفُ يَثْبُتُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ خِلَافُ هَذَا، وَلَوْ كَانَ يَثْبُتُ لَكَانَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمْرُهُمْ بِالْجَدِّ عَلَى قِتَالِ مَنْ يُقَاتِلُهُمْ، وَلَا يَتَشَاغَلُوا بِالْمُقَامِ عَلَى صَوَامِعِ هَؤُلَاءِ\n\n١٨٠٧٤ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا قَالَ: وَقُتِلَ أَعْمَى مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بَعْدَ الْإِسَارِ، وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى قَتْلِ مَنْ لَا يُقَاتِلُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ الْبَالِغِينَ إِذَا أَبَى الْإِسْلَامَ أَوِ الْجِزْيَةَ\n\n١٨٠٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقٍ ﵁ إِنَّمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعًا","vol":"13","page":248},{"text":"١٨٠٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ﵁ بَعَثَ جُيُوشًا إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَخَرَجَ يَمْشِي مَعَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَكَانَ أَمِيرَ رُبْعٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَرْبَاعِ، فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ يَزِيدَ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ: إِمَّا أَنْ تَرْكَبَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ أَنْزِلَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: مَا أَنْتَ بِنَازِلٍ، وَمَا أَنَا بِرَاكِبٍ، إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ خُطَايَ هَذِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: \" إِنَّكَ سَتَجِدُ قَوْمًا زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ حَبَسُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ لِلَّهِ فَذَرْهُمْ وَمَا زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ حَبَسُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ لَهُ، وَسَتَجِدُ قَوْمًا فَحَصُوا عَنْ أَوْسَاطِ رُءُوسِهِمْ مِنَ الشَّعْرِ، فَاضْرِبْ مَا فَحَصُوا عَنْهُ بِالسَّيْفِ، وَإِنِّي ⦗٢٥٠⦘ مُوصِيكَ بِعَشْرٍ: لَا تَقْتُلَنَّ امْرَأَةً، وَلَا صَبِيًّا، وَلَا كَبِيرًا هَرِمًا، وَلَا تَقْطَعَنَّ شَجَرًا مُثْمِرًا، وَلَا تُخَرِّبَنَّ عَامِرًا، وَلَا تَعْقِرَنَّ شَاةً وَلَا بَعِيرًا إِلَّا لِمَأْكَلَةٍ، وَلَا تَحْرِقَنَّ نَخْلًا وَلَا تُغْرِقَنَّهُ، وَلَا تَغْلُلْ، وَلَا تَجْبُنْ \"\n١٨٠٧٧ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، وَأَبُو عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيُّ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الشَّامِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُنْقَطِعٌ\n\n١٨٠٧٨ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ\n\n١٨٠٧٩ - فَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعًا، فَمَرَاسِيلُ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَقْوَى مِنْ مَرَاسِيلِ غَيْرِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ وَلَمْ أَقِفْ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي لِأَجْلِهِ أَنْكَرَهُ، وَكَانَ ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُنْكِرُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٠٨٠ - وَفِي كُلِّ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ ذَكَرَ الشَّيْخَ الْكَبِيرَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ يَتْبَعُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فِي الرُّهْبَانِ فَلْيَدْفَعْهُ أَيْضًا فِي الْكَبِيرِ وَحَدِيثُ دُرَيْدِ بْنِ الصِّمَّةِ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يُنْكِرْ قَتْلَهُ لِمَا كَانَ فِيهِ مِنْ رَأْيِ الْحَرْبِ وَتَدْبِيرِ الْقِتَالِ\n\n١٨٠٨١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَعْنَى مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَسَانِيدُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ","vol":"13","page":249},{"text":"١٨٠٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى أَصْحَابُنَا عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْمُرَقَّعِ، عَنْ رَبَاحٍ أَخِي حَنْظَلَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ إِلَى خَالِدٍ أَنْ لَا يَقْتُلَ عَسِيفًا \"\n\n١٨٠٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُغِيرَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ أَتَمَّ مِنْهُ، وَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ: \" الْحَقْ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ: فَلَا تَقْتُلَنَّ ذُرِّيَّةً وَلَا عَسِيفًا \"","vol":"13","page":251},{"text":"١٨٠٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، أَنَّ الْجَلَّابَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِلَالُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْمُرَقَّعِ بْنِ صَيْفِيِّ بْنِ رَبَاحِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، أَخِي حَنْظَلَةَ الْكَاتِبِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ جَدِّي رَبَاحِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزَاةٍ فَرَأَى نَاسًا مُجْتَمِعِينَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَقَالَ: «عَلَى مَا اجْتَمَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ؟» فَقَالُوا: عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مَقْتُولَةٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ لِتُقَاتِلَ وَخَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَلَى الْمُقَدِّمَةِ» قَالَ: فَبَعَثَ رَجُلًا فَقَالَ: «قُلْ لِخَالِدٍ لَا يُقْتَلَنَّ ذُرِّيَّةً، وَلَا عَسِيفًا»\n\n١٨٠٨٥ - رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا تَقْتُلَنَّ امْرَأَةً وَلَا عَسِيفًا» ⦗٢٥٢⦘\n\n١٨٠٨٦ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ قَالَ: لَسْتُ أَعْرِفُ مُرَقَّعًا هَذَا، وَمُرَقَّعٌ هُوَ ابْنُ صَيْفِيِّ بْنِ رَبَاحِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَيُقَالُ: ابْنُ رِيَاحٍ\n\n١٨٠٨٧ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: رِيَاحٌ أَصَحُّ، رَوَى عَنْهُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَأَبُو الزِّنَادِ، وَابْنُهُ عُمَرُ\n\n١٨٠٨٨ - وَأَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ابْنُهُ، وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ\n\n١٨٠٨٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ مُرَقَّعٍ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ الْكَاتِبِ\n\n١٨٠٩٠ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ\n\n١٨٠٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ الْعُسَفَاءِ وَالْوُصَفَاءِ»\n\n١٨٠٩٢ - وَهَذَا كَالَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا قَبْلَهُ مِنَ الْمَجْهُولِ\n\n١٨٠٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَوُهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n١٨٠٩٤ - وَرَوَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَقْتُلُوا الْوِلْدَانَ، وَلَا أَصْحَابَ الصَّوَامِعِ» ⦗٢٥٣⦘\n\n١٨٠٩٥ - وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ\n\n١٨٠٩٦ - وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ حَدِيثَ حَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْفِزْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَقْتُلُوا شَيْخًا فَانِيًا، وَلَا طِفْلًا، وَلَا صَغِيرًا، وَلَا امْرَأَةً»","vol":"13","page":251},{"text":"١٨٠٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا حَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْفِزْرِ الْبَصْرِيَّ - قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «انْطَلِقُوا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ، وَعَلَى سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، فَقَاتِلُوا أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، قَتْلَاكُمْ أَحْيَاءٌ مُرْزَقُونَ فِي الْجِنَانِ، وَقَتْلَاهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، لَا تَقْتُلُنَّ شَيْخًا فَانِيًا، وَلَا طِفْلًا صَغِيرًا، وَلَا امْرَأَةً، وَلَا تَغُلُّوا غَنَائِمَكُمْ، وَأَصْلِحُوا وَأَحْسِنُوا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ»","vol":"13","page":253},{"text":"١٨٠٩٨ - وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي مُقَابَلَتِهِ حَدِيثَ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اقْتُلُوا شُيُوخَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَاسْتَبْقُوا شَرْخَهُمْ»\n\n١٨٠٩٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، مِنْ أَصْلِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَحْرٍ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: يَعْنِي الصِّغَارَ وَالذُّرِّيَّةَ\n\n١٨١٠٠ - فَإِذَا كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِالشَّرْخِ الصِّغَارَ وَالذُّرِّيَّةَ، فَالْمُرَادُ بِالشُّيُوخِ فِي مُقَابِلِهِمُ: الرِّجَالُ الْبَالِغِينَ\n\n١٨١٠١ - وَالْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ\n\n١٨١٠٢ - وَالْحَسَنُ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ، مُنْقَطِعٌ فِي غَيْرِ حَدِيثِ الْعَقِيقَةِ فِيمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨١٠٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِي الْفَلَّاحِينَ، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَنْصُبُوا لَكُمُ الْحَرْبَ»","vol":"13","page":254},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1235>أَمَانُ الْعَبْدِ</span>","vol":"13","page":255},{"text":"١٨١٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ، تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ، وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ»\n\n١٨١٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي أَوَّلِ كِتَابِ الْجِرَاحِ\n\n١٨١٠٦ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ وَكِيعٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ الَّتِي أَوْرَثْنَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ»","vol":"13","page":255},{"text":"١٨١٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا عَلِيٌّ فَقَالَ: مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ عِنْدَنَا شَيْئًا نَقْرَأُهُ لَيْسَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ - وَهَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةُ مُعَلَّقَةٌ فِي سَيْفِهِ فِيهَا أَسْنَانُ الْإِبِلِ وَشَيْءٌ مِنَ الْجِرَاحَاتِ - فَقَدْ كَذَبَ، وَفِيهَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْمَدِينَةُ حَرَمٌ مَا بَيْنَ عَيْرٍ إِلَى ثَوْرٍ، فَمَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِيهَا، أَوْ ⦗٢٥٦⦘ آوَى مُحْدِثًا، فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ، لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى غَيْرَ أَبِيهِ، أَوِ انْتَمَى إِلَى غَيْرِ مَوَالِيهِ، فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ، لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا، وَذِمَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ يَسْعَى بِهَا أَدْنَاهُمْ، فَمَنْ أَحْقَرَ مُسْلِمًا فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ، لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ ﷿ مِنْهُ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ الضَّرِيرِ. وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"13","page":255},{"text":"١٨١٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: «كُنَّا مُحَاصِرِينَ حِصْنَ قَوْمٍ فَعَمَدَ عَبْدٌ لِبَعْضِهِمْ فَرَمَى بِسَهْمٍ فِيهِ أَمَانٌ، فَأَجَازَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ»\n\n١٨١٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَرَأَيْتَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ حِينَ أَجَازَ أَمَانَ الْعَبْدِ وَلَمْ يُسْأَلْ أَيُقَاتِلُ أَوَّلًا؟ أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ دَلِيلًا عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَجَازَهُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ ⦗٢٥٧⦘\n\n١٨١١٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: فَكَتَبُوا فِيهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: «إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَذِمَّتَهُ ذِمَّتُهُمْ»","vol":"13","page":256},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1236>أَمَانُ الْمَرْأَةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":258},{"text":"١٨١١١ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ بِحَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ - أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ: أَنَّ أَبَا مُرَّةَ مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أُمَّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ تَقُولُ: ذَهَبْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فَوَجَدْتُهُ يَغْتَسِلُ وَفَاطِمَةُ ابْنَتُهُ تَسْتُرُهُ بِثَوْبٍ قَالَتْ: فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ هَذِهِ؟» فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا أُمُّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَرْحَبًا بِأُمِّ هَانِئٍ»، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ غُسْلِهِ قَامَ فَصَلَّى ثَمَانِيَ رَكَعَاتٍ مُلْتَحِفًا فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، زَعَمَ ابْنُ أُمِّي عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَاتَلَ رَجُلًا أَجَرْتُهُ - فُلَانَ بْنَ هُبَيْرَةَ - فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «قَدْ أَجَرْنَا مَنْ أَجَرْتِ يَا أُمَّ هَانِئٍ» - وَذَلِكَ ضُحًى\n\n١٨١١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدُوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ⦗٢٥٩⦘\n١٨١١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ: عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، فَذَكَرَاهُ بِطُولِهِ، وَحَدِيثَ الشَّافِعِيِّ مُخْتَصَرًا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ\n\n١٨١١٤ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ فِي الْأَمَانِ وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"13","page":258},{"text":"١٨١١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: «إِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَتُجِيرُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَيَجُوزُ»\n\n١٨١١٦ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَقَالَ فِيمَا حَكَى عَنِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ: إِنَّ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَّنَتْ زَوْجَهَا أَبَا الْعَاصِ، فَأَجَازَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ \"\n\n١٨١١٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَسَانِيدَهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"13","page":259},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1237>كَيْفَ الْأَمَانُ؟ وَمَنْ نَزَلَ عَلَى حُكْمِ مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقَنَاعَةِ وَالثِّقَةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":260},{"text":"١٨١١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: حَاصَرْنَا تُسْتَرَ فَنَزَلَ الْهُرْمُزَانُ عَلَى حُكْمِ عُمَرَ، فَقَدِمْتُ بِهِ عَلَى عُمَرَ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «تَكَلَّمْ» قَالَ: كَلَامَ حَيٍّ أَمْ كَلَامَ مَيِّتٍ؟ قَالَ: «تَكَلَّمْ ⦗٢٦١⦘ لَا بَأْسَ» قَالَ: إِنَّا وَإِيَّاكُمْ مَعْشَرَ الْعَرَبِ، مَا خَلَّى اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ، كُنَّا نَتَعَبَّدُكُمْ وَنَقْتُلُكُمْ وَنَغْصِبُكُمْ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا يَدَانِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «مَا تَقُولُ؟» فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، تَرَكْتُ بَعْدِي عَدُوًّا كَثِيرًا، وَشَوْكَةً شَدِيدَةً، فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ يَيْأَسِ الْقَوْمُ مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ وَيَكُونُ أَشَدَّ لِشَوْكَتِهِمْ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «أَسْتَحْيِي قَاتِلَ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَمَجْزَأَةَ بْنِ ثَوْرٍ؟» فَلَمَّا خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ قُلْتُ: لَيْسَ إِلَى قَتْلِهِ سَبِيلٌ؛ قَدْ قُلْتَ لَهُ: تَكَلَّمْ لَا بَأْسَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «ارْتَشَيْتَ وَأَصَبْتَ مِنْهُ»، فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا ارْتَشَيْتُ وَلَا أَصَبْتُ قَالَ: لَتَأْتِيَنِّي عَلَى مَا شَهِدْتَ بِهِ بِغَيْرِكَ أَوْ لَأَبْدَأَنَّ بِعُقُوبَتِكَ، قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ فَلَقِيتُ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ فَشَهِدَ مَعِي، وَأَمْسَكَ عُمَرُ وَأَسْلَمَ - يَعْنِي الْهُرْمُزَانَ - وَفَرَضَ لَهُ \"\n\n١٨١١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَقَبُولُ مَنْ قَبِلَ مِنَ الْهُرْمُزَانِ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ عَلَى حُكْمِ عُمَرَ يُوَافِقُ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبِلَ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ حِينَ حَصَرَهُمْ وَجَهَدَتْهُمُ الْحَرْبُ أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ\n\n١٨١٢٠ - قَالَ: وَقَوْلُ عُمَرَ يَرْحَمُهُ اللَّهُ: لَتَأْتِيَنِّي بِمَنْ يَشْهَدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ غَيْرُكَ، يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَا قَالَ لِلْهُرْمُزَانِ أَنْ لَا يَقْبَلَ إِلَّا بِشَاهِدَيْنِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ احْتِيَاطًا كَمَا احْتَاطَ فِي الْإِخْبَارِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي يَدَيْهِ فَجَعَلَ الشَّاهِدَ غَيْرَهُ لِأَنَّهُ دَافِعٌ عَنْ مَنْ فِي يَدَيْهِ، وَأَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا أَنْ يَكُونَ احْتِيَاطًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨١٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا قَوَدَ عَلَى قَاتِلِ أَحَدٍ بِعَيْنِهِ لِأَنَّ الْهُرْمُزَانَ قَاتِلُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَمَجْزَأَةَ بْنِ ثَوْرٍ، فَلَمْ يَرَ عُمَرُ عَلَيْهِ قَوَدًا، وَقَوْلُ عُمَرَ فِي هَذَا مُوَافِقٌ لِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ جَاءَهُ قَاتِلُ حَمْزَةَ مُسْلِمًا فَلَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ بِهِ قَوَدًا ⦗٢٦٢⦘\n\n١٨١٢٢ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ يَنْتَهُوا يَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٣٨]، وَمَا سَلَفَ: مَا انْقَضَى وَذَهَبَ\n\n١٨١٢٣ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْإِيمَانُ يَجُبُّ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ»\n\n١٨١٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ ثَابِتَةٍ: «أَمَا عَلِمْتَ يَا عَمْرُو أَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ يَهْدِمُ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ؟»","vol":"13","page":260},{"text":"١٨١٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عَامَلِ جَيْشٍ كَانَ بَعَثَهُ: \" إِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ مِنْكُمْ يَطْلُبُ الْعِلْجَ، حَتَّى إِذَا اشْتَدَّ فِي الْجَبَلِ وَامْتَنَعَ قَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: مَتْرَسْ - يَقُولُ: لَا تَخَفْ - فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَهُ قَتَلَهُ وَإِنِّي وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يَبْلُغَنِّي أَنَّ أَحَدًا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا ضَرَبْتُ عُنُقَهُ \"\n\n١٨١٢٦ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: لَا يُقْتَلُ بِهِ\n\n١٨١٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ»، وَهَذَا كَافِرٌ، لَزِمَهُ إِذَا جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ كُلَّ مَا خَالَفَهُ\n\n١٨١٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"13","page":262},{"text":"١٨١٢٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادٍ مَوْصُولٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: جَاءَنَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ: \" وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتُمْ قَصْرًا، فَأَرَادُوكُمْ أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ فَلَا تُنْزِلُوهُمْ، فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا حُكْمُ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ، وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلُوهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكُمْ، ثُمَّ اقْضُوا فِيهِمْ بِمَا أَحْبَبْتُمْ، وَإِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: لَا تَخَفْ فَقَدْ أَمَّنَهُ، وَإِذَا قَالَ: مَتْرَسْ، فَقَدْ أَمَّنَهُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ الْأَلْسِنَةَ \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨١٣٠ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ مَا ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ فِي النُّزُولِ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"13","page":263},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1238>الْخُرُوجُ إِلَى دَارِ الْحَرْبِ غَازِيًا بِغَيْرِ إِذَنِ الْإِمَامِ وَالتَّقَدُّمُ عَلَى جَمَاعَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَالْأَغْلَبُ أَنَّهُمْ سَيَقْتُلُونَهُ</span>","vol":"13","page":264},{"text":"١٨١٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: \" أَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ لَا تَخْرُجُوا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ الْإِمَامِ بِخِصَالٍ فَذَكَرَ مَبْسُوطَ مَا اخْتَصَرَهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ يَحْرُمُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ الْجَنَّةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: إِنْ قُتِلْتُ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا؟ فَقَالَ: «فَلَكَ الْجَنَّةُ»، فَانْغَمَسَ فِي جَمَاعَةِ الْعَدُوِّ فَقَتَلُوهُ.\n\n١٨١٣٢ - وَأَلْقَى رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ دِرْعًا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ حِينَ ذَكَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْجَنَّةَ، ثُمَّ انْغَمَسَ فِي الْعَدُوِّ فَقَتَلُوهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.\n\n١٨١٣٣ - وَأَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ فَرَأَى الطَّيْرَ عُكُوفًا عَلَى مَقْتَلِهِ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَقَالَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ: سَأَتَقَدَّمُ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ ⦗٢٦٥⦘ فَيَقْتُلُونِي وَلَا أَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ مَشْهَدٍ قُتِلَ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُنَا، فَفَعَلَ فَقُتِلَ، فَرَجَعَ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ فِيهِ قَوْلًا حَسَنًا، وَيُقَالُ: فَقَالَ لِعَمْرٍو: «فَهَلَّا تَقَدَّمْتَ فَقَاتَلْتَ حَتَّى تُقْتَلَ؟»\n\n١٨١٣٤ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ وَرَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ سَرِيَّةً وَحْدَهُمَا، وَبَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُنَيْسٍ سَرِيَّةً وَحْدَهُ\n\n١٨١٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الْأَوَّلِ: فَإِذَا حَلَّ لِلرَّجُلِ الْمُنْفَرِدِ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ عَلَى الْجَمَاعَةِ الْأَغْلَبُ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَ مَنْ رَآهُ أَنَّهَا سَتَقْتُلُهُ، كَانَ هَذَا أَكْبَرَ مِمَّا فِي انْفِرَادِ الرَّجُلِ وَالرِّجَالِ بِغَيْرِ إِذَنِ الْإِمَامِ\n\n١٨١٣٦ - وَقَدْ بَسَطَ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْكَلَامَ فِي قِتَالِ الْوَاحِدِ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ، وَانْتَهَى كَلَامُهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو النَّجَاةَ بِالْحَالِ الَّتِي قَدْ يَنْجُو مِثْلُهُ بِهَا فَلَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ مِثْلُ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَ عَشَرَةً فَقَدْ يَهْزِمُ الْوَاحِدُ الْعَشَرَةَ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا يَنْجُو مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ أَلْقَى بِنَفْسِهِ فِي نَارٍ أَوْ بَحْرٍ يُحِيطُ عِلْمُهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْجُو مِنْهُ ⦗٢٦٦⦘\n\n١٨١٣٧ - فَإِنْ قَالُوا: قَدْ بَارَزَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَفْلَحِ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ فَلَمْ يَعِبْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ فَلَمْ يُعِبْ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ قَدْ كَانَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ قَاتِلُوهُ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَتَلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، فَجَعَلَتْ أُمُّهُمْ لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهَا نَذْرًا أَنْ تَشْرَبَ فِي رَأْسِهِ الْخَمْرَ، فَلَمَّا لَقِيَ عَاصِمٌ الْقَوْمَ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُمْ قَاتِلُوهُ لِيَأْتُوا بِرَأْسِهِ الْمَرْأَةَ، فَصَوَّبَا بِهِ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ عَلَى الْإِيَاسَ مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ\n\n١٨١٣٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ نَقُولُ فِيمَنْ كَانَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ سَيُقْتَلُ، وَلَعَلَّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ يَقْتُلُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَيَغِيظُهُمْ \"","vol":"13","page":264},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1239>قَلِيلُ الْغُلُولِ وَكَثِيرُهُ مُحَرَّمٌ</span>","vol":"13","page":267},{"text":"١٨١٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْغَيْثِ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ فَلَمْ نَغْنَمْ ذَهَبًا وَلَا فِضَّةً إِلَّا الْأَمْوَالَ وَالثِّيَابَ وَالْمَتَاعَ قَالَ: وَوَجَّهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَحْوَ وَادِي الْقُرَى، وَزُعِمَ أَنَّ رِفَاعَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَهَبَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَبْدًا أَسْوَدَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: مِدْعَمٌ قَالَ: فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى كُنَّا بِوَادِي الْقُرَى، فَبَيْنَمَا مِدْعَمٌ يَحُطُّ رَحْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ جَاءَهُ سَهْمٌ عَائِرٌ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: هَنِيئًا لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَلَّا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، إِنَّ الشَّمْلَةَ الَّتِي أَخَذَهَا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ لَمْ تُصِبْهَا الْمَقَاسِمُ لَتَشْتَعِلُ عَلَيْهِ نَارًا» ⦗٢٦٨⦘\n١٨١٤٠ - أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشِرَاكٍ أَوْ شِرَاكَيْنِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «شِرَاكٌ مِنْ نَارٍ، أَوْ شِرَاكَانِ مِنْ نَارٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةَ","vol":"13","page":267},{"text":"١٨١٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَاتَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ، فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَالَ: «صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ»، فَنَظَرُوا إِلَى مَتَاعِهِ فَوَجَدُوا خَرَزًا مِنْ خَرَزِ يَهُودَ لَا يُسَاوِي دِرْهَمَيْنِ","vol":"13","page":268},{"text":"١٨١٤٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تُوُفِّيَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، وَأَنَّهُمْ ذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُمْ: «صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ»، فَتَغَيَّرَتْ وجُوهُ النَّاسِ لِذَلِكَ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ غَلَّ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ» قَالَ: فَفَتَّشْنَا مَتَاعَهُ فَوَجَدْنَا خَرَزًا مِنْ خَرَزِ الْيَهُودِ، وَاللَّهِ مَا يُسَاوِي دِرْهَمَيْنِ","vol":"13","page":268},{"text":"١٨١٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَغُلُّ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ شَيْئًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَسمَ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا يُقْطَعُ وَلَا يَغْرَمُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ جَاهِلًا عَلِمَ وَلَمْ يُعَاقَبْ، فَإِنْ عَادَ عُوقِبَ»\n\n١٨١٤٤ - قُلْتُ: أَفَيُرَجَّلُ عَنْ دَابَّتِهِ، أَوْ يُحْرَقُ سَرْجُهُ أَوْ مَتَاعُهُ؟ فَقَالَ: \" لَا يُعَاقَبُ رَجُلٌ فِي مَالِهِ، إِنَّمَا يُعَاقَبُ فِي بَدَنِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْحُدُودَ عَلَى الْأَبْدَانِ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْعُقُوبَاتُ، وَقَلِيلُ الْغُلُولِ وَكَثِيرُهُ مُحَرَّمٌ،\n\n١٨١٤٥ - قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِيمَا قُلْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ \"","vol":"13","page":269},{"text":"١٨١٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: انْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ عَمْرَو بْنَ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا قَفَلَ مِنْ غَزْوَةِ حُنَيْنٍ، وَكَانَ يَسِيرُ وَالنَّاسُ يَسْأَلُونَهُ، خَاضَتْ بِهِ النَّاقَةُ فَخَطَفَتْ سَمُرَةٌ رِدَاءَهُ، فَقَالَ: «رُدُّوا عَلَيَّ رِدَائِي، أَتَخْشَوْنَ عَلَيَّ الْبُخْلَ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْ أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِثْلَ سَمُرِ تِهَامَةَ لَقَسَمْتُهَا بَيْنَكُمْ، ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُونِي بَخِيلًا، وَلَا جَبَانًا، وَلَا كَذُوبًا»، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ وَبَرَةً مِنْ ذِرْوَةِ سَنَامِ بَعِيرِهِ فَرَفَعَهَا وَقَالَ:  «مَا لِي مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا مِثْلِ هَذِهِ إِلَّا الْخُمُسُ، وَهُوَ مَرْدُودٌ ⦗٢٧٠⦘ عَلَيْكُمْ»، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ قَسْمِ الْخُمُسِ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ يَسْتَحِلُّهُ خِيَاطًا أَوْ مَخِيطًا، فَقَالَ: «رُدُّوا الْخِيَاطَ وَالْمَخِيطَ؛ فَإِنَّ الْغُلُولَ عَارٌ وَنَارٌ وَشَنَارٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»","vol":"13","page":269},{"text":"١٨١٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ مَعَ مَسْلَمَةَ أَرْضَ الرُّومِ فَأُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ غَلَّ، فَسَأَلَ سَالِمًا عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا وَجَدْتُمْ رَجُلًا قَدْ غَلَّ فَأَحْرِقُوا مَتَاعَهُ وَاضْرِبُوهُ» قَالَ: فَوَجَدْنَا فِي مَتَاعِهِ مُصْحَفًا فَسَأَلَ سَالِمًا عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ: بِعْهُ وَتَصَدَّقْ بِثَمَنِهِ\n\n١٨١٤٨ - فَهَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ\n\n١٨١٤٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، فَذَكَرَ إِحْرَاقَ الْوَلِيدِ مَتَاعَ الْغَالِّ وَلَمْ يُسْنِدِ الْحَدِيثَ\n\n١٨١٥٠ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذَا أَصَحُّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ\n\n١٨١٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: عَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِنَا يَحْتَجُّونَ بِهَذَا فِي الْغُلُولِ، وَهَذَا بَاطِلٌ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ، وَصَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ، تَرَكَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ⦗٢٧١⦘\n\n١٨١٥٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ مُرْسَلًا\n\n١٨١٥٣ - وَزُهَيْرٌ هَذَا يُقَالُ: هُوَ مَجْهُولٌ وَلَيْسَ بِالْمُنْكَرِ","vol":"13","page":270},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1240>إِقَامَةُ الْحُدُودِ فِي أَرْضِ الْحَرْبِ</span>","vol":"13","page":272},{"text":"١٨١٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَشْيَاخِنَا، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا تُقَامُ الْحُدُودُ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَلْحَقَ أَهْلُهَا بِالْعَدُوِّ»","vol":"13","page":272},{"text":"١٨١٥٥ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَشْيَاخِنَا، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَيْرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ وَإِلَى عُمَّالِهِ، أَنْ  «لَا يُقِيمُوا حَدًّا عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي أَرْضِ الْحَرْبِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجُوا إِلَى أَرْضِ الْمُصَالَحَةِ»\n\n١٨١٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ وَدَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ فِيمَا أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ مِنَ الْحُدُودِ\n\n١٨١٥٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِالْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي حَدِّ الزَّانِي، وَقَطْعِ السَّارِقِ، وَجَلْدِ الْقَاذِفِ، لَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ مَنْ كَانَ فِي بِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ أَوْ بِلَادِ الْكُفْرِ\n\n١٨١٥٨ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَقَدْ أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحَدَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَالشِّرْكُ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهَا، وَفِيهَا شِرْكٌ كَثِيرٌ مُوَادِعُونَ، وَضَرَبَ الشَّارِبَ بِحُنَيْنٍ وَالشِّرْكُ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ ⦗٢٧٣⦘\n\n١٨١٥٩ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمَا: فَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: يَلْحَقُ بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَإِنْ لَحِقَ بِهِمْ فَهُوَ أَشْقَى لَهُ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ الْحَدَّ خَوْفَ أَنْ يَلْحَقَ الْمَحْدُودُ بِبِلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ تَرَكَهُ فِي سَوَاحِلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَمَسَالِحِهِمُ الَّتِي تَتَّصِلُ بِبِلَادِ الْحَرْبِ\n\n١٨١٦٠ - وَمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مُسْتَنْكَرٌ، وَهُوَ يَعِيبُ أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثٍ غَيْرِ ثَابِتٍ، وَيَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنَا شَيْخٌ، وَمَنْ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ؟ وَيَقُولُ: مَكْحُولٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَمَكْحُولٌ لَمْ يَرَ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ\n\n١٨١٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُهُمْ بِحَدِيثِ بُسْرِ بْنِ أَبِي أَرْطَأَةَ، أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِسَارِقٍ وَقَدْ سَرَقَ بُخْتِيَّةً، فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا تُقْطَعُ الْأَيْدِي فِي السَّفَرِ» وَلَوْلَا ذَلِكَ لَقَطَعْتُهُ وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا يُرْوَى بِإِسْنَادٍ شَامِيٍّ عَنْ بُسْرٍ\n\n١٨١٦٢ - وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ يُنْكِرُونَ أَنْ يَكُونَ بُسْرٌ سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٨١٦٣ - وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ: بُسْرُ بْنُ أَبِي أَرْطَأَةَ رَجُلُ سُوءٍ ⦗٢٧٤⦘\n\n١٨١٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَذَلِكَ لِمَا قَدِ انْتَشَرَ مِنْ سُوءِ فِعْلِهِ فِي قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْحَرَّةِ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَقِيمُوا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ، عَلَى الْقَرِيبِ وَالْبَعِيدِ، وَلَا تُبَالُوا فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ»\n\n١٨١٦٥ - وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ، وَهُوَ بِمَعْنَاهُ فِي تَارِيخِ يَعْقُوبَ بِإِسْنَادٍ مَوْصُولٍ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ\n\n١٨١٦٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحَدِّ عَلَى عَبْدِ بْنِ الْأَزْوَرِ، وَضِرَارِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَأَبِي جَنْدَلٍ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ شَرِبُوا، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بِحَضْرَةِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ الْأَزْوَرِ أَنْ يُؤَخِّرَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ الْكِتَابُ، وَلَعَلَّ ⦗٢٧٥⦘ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُكْرِمَهُمْ بِالشَّهَادَةِ، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ بْنُ الْأَزْوَرِ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ الْكِتَابُ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ حَدَّهُمَا","vol":"13","page":272},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1241>بَيْعُ الدِّرْهَمِ بِالدِّرْهَمَيْنِ فِي أَرْضِ الْحَرْبِ</span>","vol":"13","page":276},{"text":"١٨١٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ:  «الرِّبَا عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ وَغَيْرِهَا؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ» وَضَعَ مِنْ رِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَا أَدْرَكَهُ الْإِسْلَامُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ رِبًا وَضَعَهُ رِبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ «، فَكَيْفَ يَسْتَحِلُّ الْمُسْلِمُ أَكْلَ الرِّبَا فِي قَوْمٍ قَدْ حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ، وَقَدْ كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُ يُبَايعُ الْكَافِرَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَا يَسْتَحِلُّ ذَلِكَ»\n\n١٨١٦٨ - وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: «الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ»\n\n١٨١٦٩ - وَإِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ هَذَا لِأَنَّ بَعْضَ الْمَشْيَخَةِ حَدَّثَنَا عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا رِبَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ»، أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: «وَأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ»\n\n١٨١٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْقَوْلُ كَمَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ وَأَبُو يُوسُفَ، وَمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ أَبُو يُوسُفَ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ، فَلَا حُجَّةَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":276},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1242>مَا جَاءَ فِي تَرْكِ دُعَاءِ مَنْ قَدْ بَلَغَتْهُ الدَّعْوَةُ</span>","vol":"13","page":277},{"text":"١٨١٧١ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى نَافِعٍ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ دُعَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عِنْدَ الْقِتَالِ؟ فَكَتَبَ: إِنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَدْ أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ تُسْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ، فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ وَسَبَى سَبْيَهُمْ، وَأَصَابَ يَوْمَئِذٍ جُوَيْرِيَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ \" حَدَّثَنِي بِذَلِكَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ - وَهُوَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ،\n\n١٨١٧٢ - فَذَكَرَهُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ، وَحَدِيثَ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ فِي التَّبْيِيتِ","vol":"13","page":277},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1243>النَّهْيُ عَنِ السَّفَرِ، بِالْقُرْآنِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ</span>","vol":"13","page":278},{"text":"١٨١٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُسَافَرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَنَالُوهُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَنَالُوهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"13","page":278},{"text":"١٨١٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تُسَافِرُوا بِالْقُرْآنِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَنَالَهُ الْعَدُوُّ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":279},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1244>بَابُ مَا أَحْرَزَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":280},{"text":"١٨١٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ عَنِ الْعَدُوِّ يَأْبَقُ إِلَيْهِمُ الْعَبْدُ، أَوْ يَشْرِدُ إِلَيْهِمُ الْبَعِيرُ، أَوْ يُغِيرُونَ فَيَنَالُونَهُمَا أَوْ يُمْلِكُونَهُمَا أَسْهُمًا؟ قَالَ: «لَا»\n\n١٨١٧٦ - فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: إِذَا ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَجَاءَ أَصْحَابُهُمَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْتَسِمَا؟ فَقَالَ: هُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِمَا\n\n١٨١٧٧ - فَقُلْتُ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَقَعَا فِي الْمَقَاسِمِ؟ فَقَالَ: قَدِ اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِمَا الْمُفْتُونَ: فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: هُمَا قَبْلَ الْمَقَاسِمِ وَبَعْدَهَا سَوَاءٌ لِصَاحِبِهِمَا وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: هُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِمَا قَبْلَ الْمَقَاسِمِ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْمَقَاسِمُ وَصَارَا فِي سَهْمِ رَجُلٍ فَلَا سَبِيلَ إِلَيْهِمَا وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: صَاحِبُهُمَا أَحَقُّ بِهِمَا مَا لَمْ يَقْسِمْهَا، فَإِذَا قُسِمَا فَصَاحِبُهُمَا أَحَقُّ بِهِمَا بِالْقِيمَةِ ⦗٢٨١⦘\n\n١٨١٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَدِلَالَةُ السُّنَّةِ فِيمَا أَرَى، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، مَعَ مَنْ قَالَ: هُوَ لِمَالِكِهِ قَبْلَ الْقَسْمِ وَبَعْدَهُ، فَأَمَّا الْقِيَاسُ فَمَعَهُ لَا شَكَّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨١٧٩ - فَقُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فَاذْكُرِ السُّنَّةَ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ قَالَ: سُبِيَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَكَانَتِ النَّاقَةُ قَدْ أُصِيبَتْ قَبْلَهَا\n\n١٨١٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَأَنَّهُ يَعْنِي نَاقَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؛ لِأَنَّ آخِرَ الْحَدِيثِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ: فَكَانَتْ تَكُونُ فِيهِمْ، وَكَانُوا يَجِيئُونَ بِالنَّعَمِ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَانْفَلَتَتْ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنَ الْوَثَاقِ فَأَتَتِ الْإِبِلَ، فَجَعَلَتْ كُلَّمَا أَتَتْ بَعِيرًا مِنْهَا فَمَسَّتْهُ رَغَا فَتَتْرُكُهُ، حَتَّى أَتَتْ تِلْكَ النَّاقَةَ فَمَسَّتْهَا فَلَمْ تُرْغِ، وَهِيَ نَاقَةٌ هَدِرَةٌ، فَقَعَدَتْ فِي عَجُزِهَا ثُمَّ صَاحَتْ بِهَا فَانْطَلَقَتْ، فَطُلِبَتْ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهَا فَلَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهَا، فَجَعَلَتْ لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ أَنْجَاهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا لَتَنْحَرَنَّهَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَتْ عَرَفُوا النَّاقَةَ وَقَالُوا: نَاقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّهَا قَدْ جَعَلَتْ لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهَا لَتَنْحَرَنَّهَا، فَقَالُوا: وَاللَّهِ لَا تَنْحَرِيهَا حَتَّى يُؤَذَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَتَوْهُ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ فُلَانَةَ قَدْ جَاءَتْ عَلَى نَاقَتِكَ، وَأَنَّهَا قَدْ جَعَلَتْ لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ نَجَّاهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا لَتَنْحَرَنَّهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ بِئْسَمَا جَزَتْهَا، إِنْ أَنْجَاهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا لَتَنْحَرَنَّهَا، لَا وَفَاءَ لِنَذْرٍ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، وَلَا وَفَاءَ لِنَذْرٍ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ الْعَبْدُ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «ابْنُ آدَمَ» ⦗٢٨٢⦘ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، فَذَكَرُوا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَاللَّفْظِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ","vol":"13","page":280},{"text":"١٨١٨١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ قَوْمًا أَغَارُوا فَأَصَابُوا امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَنَاقَةً لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَكَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَالنَّاقَةُ عِنْدَهُمْ، ثُمَّ انْفَلَتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَرَكِبَتِ النَّاقَةَ فَأَتَتِ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَعُرِفَتْ نَاقَةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ إِنْ أَنْجَانِي اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا لَأَنْحَرَنَّهَا، فَمَنَعُوهَا أَنْ تَنْحَرَهَا حَتَّى يَذْكُرُوا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «بِئْسَمَا جَزَيْتِيهَا، إِنْ أَنْجَاكِ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَنْحَرِيهَا، لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، وَلَا فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ ابْنُ آدَمَ»\n\n١٨١٨٢ - وَقَالَا مَعًا، أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: وَأَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ نَاقَتَهُ\n\n١٨١٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ أَيْضًا فِيمَا","vol":"13","page":282},{"text":"١٨١٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: فُقِدَتْ نَاقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعَضْبَاءُ، فَإِذَا هُمْ بِهَا صَبَاحَ يَوْمٍ وَامْرَأَةٌ قَدْ أَنَاخَتْهَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَنْحَرَهَا، فَذَهَبُوا بِهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «مَا شَأْنُكِ؟» قَالَتْ: أَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِمَّنْ حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ، سَبَانِي الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَبِنْتًا لِي، فَشَدُّونَا وَثَاقًا فَحَلَلْتُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَثَاقِي، فَأَتَيْتُ ابْنَتِي لِأَحِلَّهَا فَلَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ حَلَّهَا، فَأَتَيْتُ الْإِبِلَ فَأَخَذْتُ أَسْكَنَهَا بَعِيرًا، فَرَكِبْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلْتُ لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ إِنْ نَجَّانِي اللَّهُ أَنْ أَنْحَرَهَا قَالَ: «بِئْسَ مَا جَزَيْتِيهَا، لَا نَذْرَ لِابْنِ آدَمَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ»، فَقَبَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَاقَتَهُ، وَخَلَّى عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ ⦗٢٨٣⦘\n\n١٨١٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ: فَقَدْ أَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ نَاقَتَهُ بَعْدَمَا أَحْرَزَهَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ، وَأَحْرَزَتْهَا الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَلَوْ كَانَتِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ أَحْرَزَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا لَيْسَ لِمَالِكٍ كَانَ لَهَا فِي قَوْلِنَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهِ، وَخُمْسٌ لِأَهْلِ الْخُمْسِ وَفِي قَوْلِ: غَيْرِ مَا كَانَ لَهَا مَا أَحْرَزَتْ لَا خُمْسَ فِيهِ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا لَا تَمْلِكُ مَالَهُ بِلَا قِيمَةٍ\n\n١٨١٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَالَ قَائِلٌ: إِنَّمَا لَمْ يَصِحَّ نَذْرُهَا لِأَنَّهَا قَالَتْ ذَلِكَ وَهِيَ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ، وَمَا لَمْ يَنْجُ بِهَا إِلَى دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ تَمْلِكْهَا قِيلَ لَهُ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ نَجَتْ إِلَى دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَوَجَبَ أَنْ يَبْطُلَ نَذْرُهَا بِمِلْكِهَا عَلَى أَصْلِكَ، وَلَمْ يُجِزِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِبْطَالَ مِلْكِهَا إِلَّا بِأَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهَا قِيمَتَهَا، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يُنْقَلْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ أَنَّهُ غَرِمَ لَهَا قِيمَتَهَا دَلَّ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَمْلِكْهَا قَطُّ، وَلَأَنَّ ظَاهَرَ الْخَبَرِ أَنَّهَا هَرَبَتْ عَلَيْهَا وَطُلِبَتْ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهَا فَلَمْ تَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهَا فَحِينَئِذٍ نَذَرَتْ، وَالْغَالِبُ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ قَدْ دَخَلَتْ دَارَ الْإِسْلَامِ لِقُرْبِ الشِّرْكِ مِنْ دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ يَوْمَئِذٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهَا خَشِيَتْ خُرُوجَهُمْ فِي أَثَرِهَا فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ فَنَذَرَتْ، فَأَبْطَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ نَذْرَهَا وَأَخْبَرَ بِأَنَّهَا نَذَرَتْ مَا لَمْ تَمْلِكْ، وَمَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى وقُوعِ الطَّلَاقِ فِي الْمِلْكِ إِذَا عُقِدَ قَبْلَهُ مُضَافًا إِلَيْهِ لَزِمَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ بِلُزُومِ النَّذْرِ فِي الْمِلْكِ إِذَا عُقِدَ قَبْلَهُ مُضَافًا إِلَيْهِ، وَهَاهُنَا قَدْ أَضَافَتْ نَذْرَهَا إِلَى أَنْ تَنْجُوَ عَلَيْهَا، وَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُ إِذَا دَخَلَتْ دَارَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَمِلْكِهَا، وَهُوَ لَا يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ","vol":"13","page":282},{"text":"١٨١٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، «أَنَّ عَبْدًا لَهُ أَبِقَ وَفَرَسًا لَهُ غَارَ فَأَحْرَزَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، ثُمَّ أَحْرَزَهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَرُدَّا بِلَا قِيمَةٍ»","vol":"13","page":283},{"text":"١٨١٨٨ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «ذَهَبَ فَرَسٌ لَهُ فَأَخَذَهُ الْعَدُوُّ، فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبَقَ عَبْدٌ لَهُ فَلَحِقَ بِالرُّومِ، فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، يَعْنِي بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ» ⦗٢٨٤⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨١٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَوْ كَانَ الْعَدُوُّ مَالِكِينَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ رَدُّهُ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ جَعَلَ الْخُمُسَ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ لِابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَالْيَتِيمِ، وَفِي رَدِّهِمْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ تَرْكٌ لِإِخْرَاجِ الْخُمُسِ مِنْهُ","vol":"13","page":283},{"text":"١٨١٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، - لَا أَحْفَظُ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ - أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ﵁ قَالَ فِيمَا أَحْرَزَ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِمَّا غَلَبُوا عَلَيْهِ أَوْ أَبِقَ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ أَحْرَزَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: «مَالِكُوهُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ قَبْلَ الْقَسْمِ وَبَعْدَهُ»\n\n١٨١٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنِ اقْتُسِمَ فَلِصَاحِبِهِ أَخْذُهُ، وَعَوَّضَ الَّذِي صَارَ فِي سَهْمِهِ قِيمَتَهُ مِنْ خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ","vol":"13","page":284},{"text":"١٨١٩٢ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنِ الرُّكَيْنِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، «أَنَّ فَرَسًا لَهُ غَارَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَصَارَ فِي الْخُمُسِ، فَأَتَيْتُ سَعْدًا فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيَّ»\n\n١٨١٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَوَجَدَهُ فِي مَرْبِطِ سَعْدٍ ⦗٢٨٥⦘\n\n١٨١٩٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنِ الرُّكَيْنِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بَعْدَ مَا قَسَمَ، وَصَارَ فِي خُمُسِ الْإِمَارَةِ\n\n١٨١٩٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ مَالَ الْمُسْلِمِ لَا يَحِلُّ إِلَّا بِطِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُ، وَقَالَ: «دِمَاؤُكُمْ وَأَمْوَالُكُمْ حَرَامٌ»، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٨١٩٦ - قَالَ: فَإِنِ احْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ تَمِيمَ بْنَ طَرَفَةَ رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَكَمَ فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى بَعِيرًا قَدْ أَحْرَزَهُ الْعَدُوُّ أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ يَأْخُذُهُ بِالثَّمَنِ، قِيلَ لَهُ: تَمِيمُ بْنُ طَرَفَةَ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ\n\n١٨١٩٧ - وَالْمُرْسَلُ لَا تَثْبُتُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُدْرَى عَمَّنْ أَخَذَهُ","vol":"13","page":284},{"text":"١٨١٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي عَبْدٍ وَبَعِيرٍ أَحْرَزَهُمَا الْعَدُوُّ ثُمَّ ظُفِرَ بِهِمَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِصَاحِبِهِمَا: «إِنْ أَصَبْتَهُمَا قَبْلَ الْقِسْمَةِ فَهُمَا لَكَ بِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ، وَإِنْ أَصَبْتَهُمَا بَعْدَ الْقِسْمَةِ فَهُمَا لَكَ بِالْقِيمَةِ»\n\n١٨١٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الزَّرَّادِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ ⦗٢٨٦⦘ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي بَعِيرٍ وَاحِدٍ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُعْرَفُ بِالْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ\n\n١٨٢٠٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ عُلَيٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١٨٢٠١ - وَرُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ مَجْهُولٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٨٢٠٢ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ وَيَاسِينُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الزَّيَّاتُ عَلَى اخْتِلَافٍ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي لَفْظِهِ، وَكِلَاهُمَا مَتْرُوكٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ.\n\n١٨٢٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَاحْتَجَّ مُحْتَجٌّ بِأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مَا أَحْرَزَ الْعَدُوُّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَمَا قُسِمَ فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُ فِيهِ إِلَّا بِالْقِيمَةِ»\n\n١٨٢٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَذَا إِنَّمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ مُرْسَلًا\n\n١٨٢٠٥ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرِيزٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مَا أَحْرَزَهُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْ مَالِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ قُسِمَ لَهُ فَلَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا بِالْقِيمَةِ»\n\n١٨٢٠٦ - وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكِلَاهُمَا لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُمَرَ، وَلَا قَارَبَ ذَلِكَ\n١٨٢٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: عَنْ رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُرْسَلٌ ⦗٢٨٧⦘.\n١٨٢٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْمُرْسَلُ قَدْ يَكُونُ عَنِ الْمَجْهُولِ، وَالْمَجْهُولُ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ، وَحَدِيثُ سَعْدٍ أَثْبَتُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ عُمَرَ لِأَنَّهُ عَنِ الرُّكَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ سَعْدًا فَعَلَهُ بِهِ، وَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عُمَرَ مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"13","page":285},{"text":"١٨٢٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، \" فِيمَنِ اشْتَرَى مَا أَحْرَزَهُ الْعَدُوُّ قَالَ: هُوَ جَائِزٌ \"\n\n١٨٢١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: صَاحِبُهُ إِذَا جَاءَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَخْذَهُ بِالثَّمَنِ أَخَذَهُ\n\n١٨٢١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رِوَايَةُ خِلَاسٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ضَعِيفَةٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، يَقُولُونَ: هِيَ مِنْ كِتَابٍ، وَإِنَّهَا مُنْقَطِعَةٌ وَيَرْوُونَ فِيهِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ\n\n١٨٢١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ثَابِتٌ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَيْضًا ثَابِتٌ","vol":"13","page":287},{"text":"١٨٢١٢ - إِلَّا أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ رَوَاهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ غُلَامًا لِابْنِ عُمَرَ أَبِقَ إِلَى الْعَدُوِّ فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَرَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَلَمْ يُقْسَمْ هَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٢١٣ - وَفِيهِ أَيْضًا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْعَدُوَّ لَمْ يَمْلِكْهُ بِالْإِحْرَازِ\n\n١٨٢١٤ - وَحَدِيثُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ مَوْصُولٌ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ رَدَّهُ بَعْدَ الْقِسْمَةِ، وَلَمْ يُنْقَلْ فِيهِ إِيجَابُ الْقِيمَةِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ، وَأَمَّا سَائِرُ الرِّوَايَاتِ فَإِنَّهَا مَقَاطِيعُ أَوْ ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":287},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1245>مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لَهُ</span>","vol":"13","page":288},{"text":"١٨٢١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قَالَ: رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، مُرْسَلًا، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لَهُ»\n\n١٨٢١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَأَنَّ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ: مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ يَجُوزُ لَهُ مِلْكُهُ فَهُوَ لَهُ وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ أَحْرَزَ حُرًّا، أَوْ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ، أَوْ مُكَاتَبًا، أَوْ مُدَبَّرًا، أَوْ عَبْدًا مَرْهُونًا، فَأَسْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا لَهُ، فَكَذَلِكَ أَمْوَالُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ\n\n١٨٢١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِينَ قَتَلَ الْمُغِيرَةُ مُشْرِكُونَ\n\n١٨٢١٨ - يُرِيدُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ فِي قِصَّةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ⦗٢٨٩⦘، وَمَا جَرَى بَيْنَ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ\n\n١٨٢١٩ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ الْمُغِيرَةُ صَحِبَ قَوْمًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَأَخَذَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَأَسْلَمَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَمَّا الْإِسْلَامُ فَأَقْبَلُ، وَأَمَّا الْمَالُ فَلَسْتُ مِنْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ»\n\n١٨٢٢٠ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ مُوسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ حَيْوَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لَهُ» ⦗٢٩٠⦘\n\n١٨٢٢١ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ قِصَّةَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"13","page":288},{"text":"١٨٢٢٢ - وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَعْيَنَ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُمْ:  «مَا أَسْلَمُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَرْضِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ فِي أَرْضِهِمُ الْعُشْرُ»\n\n١٨٢٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّعْرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَعْيَنَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، زَادَ: قَالَ فِي أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ: «لَهُمْ مَا أَسْلَمُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَعَبِيدِهِمْ وَأَرْضِهِمْ وَمَاشِيَتِهِمْ، لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ إِلَّا صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"13","page":290},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1246>الْحَرْبِيُّ يَدْخُلُ بِأَمَانٍ وَلَهُ مَالٌ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ ثُمَّ يُسْلِمُ أَوْ يُسْلِمُ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ</span>","vol":"13","page":291},{"text":"١٨٢٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَدْ أَسْلَمَ ابْنَا سَعْيَةَ الْقُرَظِيَّانِ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَاثِمٌ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ حَصَرَهُمْ، فَتَرَكَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دُورَهُمَا وَأَمْوَالَهُمَا مِنَ النَّخْلِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا\n\n١٨٢٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ مَعْرُوفٌ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ","vol":"13","page":291},{"text":"١٨٢٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ صَاحِبُ الْمَغَازِي، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ قَالَ: \" هَلْ تَدْرِي عَمَّ كَانَ إِسْلَامُ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَأُسَيْدِ ابْنَيْ سَعْيَةَ، وَأَسَدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ؟ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي الْيَهُودِيِّ الَّذِي كَانَ أَخْبَرَ بِصِفَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي افْتُتِحَتْ فِيهَا قُرَيْظَةُ، قَالُوا: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، إِنَّهُ وَاللَّهِ لَهُوَ بِصِفَتِهِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلُوا فَأَسْلَمُوا وَخَلَّوْا أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ وَأَهَالِيهِمْ، وَكَانَتْ فِي الْحِصْنِ، فَلَمَّا فُتِحَ رَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ \" ⦗٢٩٢⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٢٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ صَخْرِ بْنِ الْعَيْلَةِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا صَخْرُ، إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا أَحْرَزُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ»","vol":"13","page":291},{"text":"١٨٢٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" لَقِيَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رَجُلًا فِي غَنِيمَةٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَأَخَذُوهُ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَخَذُوا تِلْكَ الْغَنِيمَةَ، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا﴾ [النساء: ٩٤]، وَقَرَأَهَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: السَّلَامَ \" أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":292},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1247>الْمُسْلِمُ يَدْخُلُ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ فَيَشْتَرِي دَارًا أَوْ غَيْرَهَا</span>","vol":"13","page":293},{"text":"١٨٢٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ دَخَلَ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ بِأَمَانٍ فَاشْتَرَى دَارًا، أَوْ أَرْضًا، أَوْ رَقِيقًا، أَوْ ثِيَابًا، فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ؟ قَالَ: «أَمَا الدُّورُ وَالْأَرَضُونُ فَهِيَ مِنْ فَيْءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَمَّا الرَّقِيقُ وَالْمَتَاعُ فَهُوَ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ»\n\n١٨٢٣٠ - وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: «فَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ عَنْوَةً، فَخَلَّى بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَرْضِهِمْ وَدُورِهِمْ بِمَكَّةَ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا فَيْئًا»\n\n١٨٢٣١ - وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَفَا عَنْ مَكَّةَ وَأَهْلِهَا وَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَغْلَقَ عَلَيْهِ بَابَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ» وَنَهَى عَنِ الْقَتْلِ إِلَّا نَفَرًا قَدْ سَمَّاهُمْ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُقَاتِلَ أَحَدٌ فَيُقَاتَلُ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ حِينَ اجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ: «مَا تَرَوْنَ أَنِّي صَانِعٌ بِكُمْ؟» قَالُوا: خَيْرًا، أَخٌ كَرِيمٌ، وَابْنُ أَخٍ كَرِيمٍ قَالَ: «اذْهَبُوا فَأَنْتُمُ الطُّلَقَاءُ» ⦗٢٩٤⦘، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ مِنْهَا فَيْئًا قَلِيْلًا وَلَا كَثِيرًا، لَا دَارًا وَلَا أَرْضًا وَلَا مَالًا، وَلَمْ يَسْبِ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا أَحَدًا، وَقَدْ قَاتَلَهُ قَوْمٌ فِيهَا فَقَتَلُوا وَهَرَبُوا فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْ مَتَاعِهِمْ شَيْئًا، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ فَيْئًا، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْسَ فِي هَذَا كَغَيْرِهِ، فَهَذَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَتَفَهَّمْ\n\n١٨٢٣٢ - فَأَمَّا الرَّجُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ الَّذِي دَخَلَ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ، فَالْقَوْلُ فِيهِ كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ؛ لِأَنَّ الدُّورَ وَالْأَرَضِينَ لَا تُحَوَّلُ وَلَا يَحُوزُهَا الْمُسْلِمُ\n\n١٨٢٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَصْنَعْ فِي الْحَجَّةِ بِمَكَّةَ، وَلَا أَبُو يُوسُفَ شَيْئًا\n\n١٨٢٣٤ - لَمْ يَدْخُلْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْوَةً، وَإِنَّمَا دَخَلَهَا سِلْمًا، وَقَدْ سَبَقَ لَهُمْ أَمَانٌ، وَالَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوا وَأَذِنَ فِي قَتْلِهِمْ بِمَكَّةَ هُمْ أَبْعَاضٌ قَتَلَتْ خُزَاعَةَ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ بِمَكَّةَ دَارٌ وَلَا مَالٌ، وَإِنَّمَا هُمْ قَوْمٌ هَرَبُوا إِلَيْهَا، فَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ يُغْنَمُ مِمَّنْ لَا مَالَ لَهُ؟\n\n١٨٢٣٥ - وَأَمَّا غَيْرُهُمْ مِمَّنْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بَدَأَهُمْ بِالْقِتَالِ فَادَّعَوْا أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ بَدَأَهُمْ بِالْقِتَالِ وَلَمْ يُنْفِذْ لَهُمْ أَمَانًا، وَادَّعَى خَالِدٌ أَنَّهُمْ بَدَأُوهُ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ لَهُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ\n\n١٨٢٣٦ - وَمَنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ صَارَ إِلَى قَبُولِ الْأَمَانِ بِإِلْقَاءِ السِّلَاحِ وَدُخُولِ دَارِهِ، فَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ أَلْقَى السِّلَاحَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ»\n\n١٨٢٣٧ - قَالَ: مَنْ يَغْنَمْ مَالَ مَنْ لَهُ أَمَانٌ لَا غَنِيمَةَ عَلَى مَالِ هَذَا وَمَا يُقْتَدَى فِيمَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا بِمَا صَنَعَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا ⦗٢٩٥⦘\n\n١٨٢٣٨ - وَجَرَى فِي خِلَالِ كَلَامِهِ أَنَّ مَا خُصَّ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُبَيَّنٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْ فِيهِمَا\n\n١٨٢٣٩ - وَلَوْ جَازَ أَنْ يُقَالَ فِي شَيْءٍ لَمْ يُبَيَّنْ أَنَّهُ خَاصٌّ لَهُ: لَعَلَّ هَذَا مِنَ الْخَاصِّ لَهُ، جَازَ هَذَا فِي كُلِّ حُكْمِهِ فَخَرَجَتْ أَحْكَامُهُ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا\n\n١٨٢٤٠ - قَالَ: وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُغْنَمَ مَالُ الْمُسْلِمِ وَقَدْ مَنَعَهُ اللَّهُ بِدِينِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنَيْ سَعْيَةَ، وَمَنَعَ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَيْنَ الدُّورِ وَالْأَرَاضِي وَغَيْرِهَا مِمَّا تَحَوَّلَ فَرْقٌ\n\n١٨٢٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: احْتَجَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا فِي هَذَا بِأَحَادِيثَ فِي نَقْضِ قُرَيْشٍ عَهْدَهُمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَثْبُتُوا عَلَى الصُّلْحِ الَّذِي جَرَى بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَذَلِكَ مُسَلَّمٌ لَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا نَزَلَ مَرَّ الظَّهْرَانِ وَأَتَاهُ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَمَنْ أَتَاهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، عَقَدَ لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ الْأَمَانَ إِلَّا نَفَرًا يَسِيرًا سَمَّاهُمْ بِشَرْطٍ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ أَغْلَقَ عَلَيْهِ دَارَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ كَفَّ يَدَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ»، فَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ إِلَى دُورِهِمْ وَإِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ\n\n١٨٢٤٢ - فَأَمَّا مَا حَكَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِلْأَنْصَارِ حِينَ طَافُوا بِهِ: «انْظُرُوا إِلَى أَوْبَاشِ قُرَيْشٍ وَأَتْبَاعِهِمْ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ غَدًا أَنْ تَحْصُدُوهُمْ حَصْدًا»، فَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ نَعْلَمْ أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا قَبِلَتْ مَا عَقَدَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَمَانِ، فَدَخَلَ مَكَّةَ مُسْتَعِدًّا لِلْقِتَالِ خَوْفًا مِنْ غَدْرِهِمْ، وَأَمَرَ الْأَنْصَارَ بِالْقِتَالِ إِنْ قَاتَلُوا\n\n١٨٢٤٣ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ: «مَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ»، فَاخْتِلَافُ رُوَاتِهِ فِي وَقْتِ حِكَايَتِهِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ قَصَدُوا حِكَايَةَ لَفْظِهِ دُونَ ⦗٢٩٦⦘ حِكَايَةِ وَقْتِهِ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَعِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَسَائِرُ أَصْحَابِ الْمَغَازِي، أَنَّ ذَلِكَ الْقَوْلَ كَانَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ بِمَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَعَادَهُ بِمَكَّةَ، وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْتِدَاؤُهُ بَعْدَمَا ظَفَرَ بِهِمْ، وَلَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ الظَّفَرِ بِهِمْ؟\n\n١٨٢٤٤ - وَدَعْوَى التَّخْصِيصِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ غَيْرُ مَقْبُولَةٍ، وَلَا حُجَّةَ فِي تَوَهُّمِ الطُّلَقَاءِ أَنَّ السَّيْفَ لَا يُرْفَعُ عَنْهُمْ\n\n١٨٢٤٥ - وَهُوَ كَقَوْلِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ حِينَ وَقَفَهُ لِيَرَى كَثْرَةَ النَّاسِ: أَغَدْرًا يَا بَنِي هَاشِمَ؟ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: سَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّا لَسْنَا نَغْدِرُ،\n\n١٨٢٤٦ - وَلَوْلَا انْعِقَادُ الْأَمَانِ لَهُمْ بِمَا مَضَى لَمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ، فَلَعَلَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَتَوَهَّمُونَ مَا تَوَهَّمَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، فَقَالَ: «أَنْتُمُ الطُّلَقَاءُ» وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ الْأَمَانَ السَّابِقَ وَوُجُودَ شَرْطِهِ\n\n١٨٢٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَرَجَ لِغَزْوِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَالْفَتْحُ يَكُونُ بِالصُّلْحِ مَرَّةً، وَالْقَهْرِ أُخْرَى، وَقَدْ سَمَّى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى صُلْحَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَتْحًا\n\n١٨٢٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾ [الفتح: ١]، فَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفِ النَّاسُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ نَزَلَ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَسَمَّى صُلْحَهُمْ فَتْحًا، وَقَدْ يَقُولُ النَّاسُ لِلْمَدِينَةِ تُفْتَحُ: افْتُتِحَتْ صُلْحًا، وَيُقَالُ: افْتُتِحَتْ عَنْوَةً، فَالْفَتْحُ قَدْ يَكُونُ صُلْحًا، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ عَنْوَةً\n\n١٨٢٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَلَيْسَ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ النَّاسِ خُرُوجَهُ غَزْوًا، وَدُخُولَهُ مَكَّةَ فَتْحًا، مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا فُتِحَتْ عَنْوَةً، وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ» يُرِيدُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، دُخُولَهَا مُعِدًّا لِلْقِتَالِ بِغَيْرِ إِحْرَامٍ، إِنْ لَمْ يَقْبَلُوا الْأَمَانَ وَقَاتَلُوهُ\n\n١٨٢٥٠ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ مِنْ إِرَادَةِ عَلِيٍّ قَتْلَ رَجُلٍ أَجَارَتْهُ فَلَعَلَّهُ رَآهُ وَمَعَهُ السِّلَاحَ فَظَنَّ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْبَلِ الْأَمَانَ بِدَلِيلِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ ⦗٢٩٧⦘: «أَنْتُمُ الطُّلَقَاءُ»، وَخُرُوجِهِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ وَاشْتِغَالِهِ بِالْغُسْلِ وَصَلَاةِ الضُّحَى فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ لَمْ يُجِزْ إِلَّا قَتْلَ مَنِ اسْتَثْنَاهُمْ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":293},{"text":"١٨٢٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ جَاءَهُ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ فَأَسْلَمَ بِمَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَبَّاسُ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ يُحِبُّ هَذَا الْفَخْرَ، فَلَوْ جَعَلْتَ لَهُ شَيْئًا» قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، مَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ أَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ»","vol":"13","page":297},{"text":"١٨٢٥٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ الظَّهْرَانِ قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: قُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ عَنْوَةً قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتُوهُ فَيَسْتَأْمِنُوهُ إِنَّهُ لَهَلَاكُ قُرَيْشٍ، فَجَلَسْتُ عَلَى بَغْلَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ: لَعَلِّي أَجِدُ ذَا حَاجَةٍ يَأْتِي أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ فَيُخْبِرُهُمْ بِمَكَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَخْرُجُوا إِلَيْهِ فَيَسْتَأْمِنُوهُ، فَإِنِّي لَأَسِيرُ سَمِعْتُ كَلَامَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَبُدَيْلِ بْنِ وَرْقَاءَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا حَنْظَلَةَ، فَعَرَفَ صَوْتِي قَالَ: أَبُو الْفَضْلِ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: مَا لَكَ فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي؟ قُلْتُ: هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ قَالَ: فَمَا الْحِيلَةُ؟ قُلْتُ: فَارْكَبْ مَعِي، فَرَكِبَ خَلْفِي وَرَجَعَ صَاحِبُهُ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَوْتُ بِهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَسْلَمَ، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ يُحِبُّ الْفَخْرَ، فَاجْعَلْ لَهُ شَيْئًا قَالَ: «نَعَمْ ⦗٢٩٨⦘، مَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ أَغْلَقَ عَلَيْهِ دَارَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ» قَالَ: فَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ إِلَى دُورِهِمْ، وَإِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ\n\n١٨٢٥٣ - وَهَذَا الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَعْرُوفٌ مَشْهُورٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي\n\n١٨٢٥٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ بُهْلُولٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ، فَحَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ\n\n١٨٢٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُلَاثَةَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، قَالَ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ،\n\n١٨٢٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ","vol":"13","page":297},{"text":"١٨٢٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، قَالُوا فِي فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ - وَهَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْقَطَّانِ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَنِي نُفَاثَةَ مِنْ بَنِي الدُّئِلِ أَغَارُوا عَلَى بَنِي كَعْبٍ وَهُمْ فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَكَانَتْ بَنُو كَعْبٍ فِي صُلْحِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبَنُو نُفَاثَةَ فِي صُلْحِ قُرَيْشٍ، فَأَعَانَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ بَنِي نُفَاثَةَ، وَأَعَانَتْهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ بِالسِّلَاحِ وَالرَّقِيقِ\n\n١٨٢٥٨ - فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ خُرُوجِ رَكْبِ بَنِي كَعْبٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَخُرُوجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٩٩⦘ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَقِصَّةَ الْعَبَّاسِ، وَأَبِي سُفْيَانَ حِينَ أَتَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ وَمَعَهُ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ، وَبُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَحَكِيمٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ادْعُ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْأَمَانِ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِنِ اعْتَزَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَكَفَّتْ يَدَهَا أَآمِنُونَ هُمْ؟ \" قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ، مَنْ كَفَّ يَدَهُ وَأَغْلَقَ دَارَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ»، قَالُوا: فَابْعَثْنَا نُؤَذِّنُ بِذَلِكَ فِيهِمْ قَالَ: «انْطَلِقُوا، فَمَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَكَ يَا أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَدَارَكَ يَا حَكِيمُ وَكَفَّ يَدَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ»، وَدَارُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بِأَعْلَى مَكَّةَ، وَدَارُ حَكِيمٍ بِأَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ، فَلَمَّا تَوَجَّهَا ذَاهِبَيْنِ قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي لَا آمَنُ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَنْ إِسْلَامِهِ فَارْدُدْهُ حَتَّى يُفَقَّهَ وَيَرَى جُنُودَ اللَّهِ مَعَكَ، فَأَدْرَكَهُ عَبَّاسٌ فَحَبَسَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: أَغَدْرًا يَا بَنِي هَاشِمٍ؟ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: سَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّا لَسْنَا نَغْدِرُ، وَلَكِنْ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةٌ فَاصْبِرْ حَتَّى تَنْظُرَ جُنُودَ اللَّهِ \"،\n\n١٨٢٥٩ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ فِي مُرُورِ الْجُنُودِ، وَقَالَ فِيهَا: وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ فِي كَتِيبَةِ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي مُقَدِّمَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَكُفُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَلَا يُقَاتِلُوا أَحَدًا إِلَّا مَنْ قَاتَلَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِقَتْلِ أَرْبَعَةِ نَفَرٍ، مِنْهُمْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ نُقَيْذٍ، وَابْنُ خَطَلٍ، وَمَقِيسُ بْنُ صُبَابَةَ، وَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ قَيْنَتَيْنِ لِابْنِ خَطَلٍ كَانَتَا تُغَنِّيَانِ بِهِجَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَمَرَّتِ الْكَتَائِبُ فَنَادَى سَعْدٌ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ: الْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ الْمَلْحَمَةِ، الْيَوْمَ تُسْتَحَلُّ الْحُرْمَةُ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَمَرْتَ قَوْمَكَ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا، فَإِنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا - فَذَكَرَهُ - وَأَنَا أُنَاشِدُكَ اللَّهَ فِي قَوْمِكَ، فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ فَعَزَلَهُ وَجَعَلَ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ مَكَانَهُ عَلَى الْأَنْصَارِ مَعَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ قَالَ: فَانْدَفَعَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ فَلَقِيَتْهُ بَنُو بَكْرٍ فَقَاتَلُوهُ فَهُزِمُوا وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ وَفَرَّ قَضِيضُهُمْ حَتَّى دَخَلُوا الدُّورَ قَالَ: وَصَاحَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ حِينَ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ: مَنْ أَغْلَقَ دَارَهُ وَكَفَّ يَدَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ \"، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِخَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ: «لِمَ قَاتَلْتَ وَقَدْ نَهَيْتُكَ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ؟» ⦗٣٠٠⦘ فَقَالَ: هُمْ بَدَأُونَا بِالْقِتَالِ، وَوَضَعُوا فِينَا السِّلَاحَ، وَأَشْعَرُونَا بِالنَّبْلِ، وَقَدْ كَفَفْتُ يَدَيَّ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ» فَهَذَا الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي يُؤَكِّدُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي أَمْرِ مَكَّةَ\n\n١٨٢٦٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بَعْضَهُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ\n\n١٨٢٦١ - وَرُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادٍ مَوْصُولٍ عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَمَّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ، فَذَكَرَهُمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ بَدَلَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ نُقَيْذٍ\n\n١٨٢٦٢ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي مَتَى عَقَدَ لَهُمُ الْأَمَانَ، وَبِأَيِّ شَرْطٍ عَقَدَهُ، وَأَنَّهُمْ صَارُوا إِلَى قَبُولِ الْأَمَانِ بِتَفَرُّقِهِمْ إِلَى دُورِهِمْ وَإِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٢٦٣ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ وَهُوَ بِبَطْنِ مَرٍّ: «مَنْ أَلْقَى السِّلَاحَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ»\n\n١٨٢٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَدَخَلَ مَكَّةَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ قَالَ لَهُمْ مَا قَالَ، فَلَمْ يُنَازِعْهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا عِكْرِمَةَ بْنَ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَصَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ، وَسُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، فَإِنَّهُمْ نَازَعُوهُ وَهَرَبُوا، فَمَضَى عِكْرِمَةُ وَصَفْوَانُ، وَجَاءَ سُهَيْلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُسْلِمًا بِمَكَّةَ\n\n١٨٢٦٥ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَهَلْ غَنِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَالَ عِكْرِمَةَ وَصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَهُمَا مِمَّنْ حَارَبَا وَلَمْ يَقْبَلَا الْأَمَانَ؟ قِيلَ لَهُ: لَمْ يَأْتِنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ظَهَرَ لَهُمَا ⦗٣٠١⦘ عَلَى مَالٍ، فَلَمْ يَقْسِمْهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِالتَّوَهُّمِ، فَإِنْ قَالَ: هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَهْرَبَا مِنْ مَكَّةَ وَلَا رِبَاعَ لَهُمَا؟ قِيلَ: قَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْقَوْمُ قَدْ خَرَجُوا مِنْ رِبَاعِهِمْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَجَعَلُوهَا لِأَوْلَادِهِمْ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ آيَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بِخَبَرٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَحْتَمِلُ التَّأْوِيلَ\n\n١٨٢٦٦ - وَسَلَكَ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ فِيهِ طَرِيقَةً أُخْرَى، وَهِيَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ كَانُوا أَسْلَمُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُؤَمِّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْمًا مُرْتَدِّينَ؟\n\n١٨٢٦٧ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ فِي سُجُودِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِسُجُودِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَإِسْلَامِهِمْ حَتَّى قَدِمَ رُءُوسُ قُرَيْشٍ، وَكَانُوا بِالطَّائِفِ فَقَالُوا: أَتَدَعُونَ دِينَ آبَائِكُمْ؟ فَكَفَرُوا","vol":"13","page":298},{"text":"١٨٢٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، ح\n\n١٨٢٦٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: لَقَدْ أَظْهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَأَسْلَمَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ كُلُّهُمْ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُفْرَضَ الصَّلَاةُ، حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ لَيَقْرَأُ بِالسَّجْدَةِ فَيَسْجُدُ فَيَسْجُدُونَ \" وَمَا يَسْتَطِيعُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ مِنَ الزِّحَامِ وَضِيقِ الْمَكَانِ لِكَثْرَةِ النَّاسِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ رُءُوسُ قُرَيْشٍ، الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَأَبُو جَهْلٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، وَكَانُوا بِالطَّائِفِ فِي أَرْضِهِمْ، فَقَالُوا: أَتَدَعُونَ دِينَ آبَائِكُمْ؟ فَكَفَرُوا\n\n١٨٢٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ ⦗٣٠٢⦘\n١٨٢٧١ - وَالْمَشْهُورُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حِينَ قَرَأَ بِالنَّجْمِ، وَأَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِي أُمْنِيَّتِهِ مَا أَلْقَى، وَسَمِعَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ سَجَدُوا لِسُجُودِهِ تَعْظِيمًا لِآلِهَتِهِمْ، وَفَشَتْ تِلْكَ الْكَلِمَةُ حَتَّى بَلَغَتْ أَرْضَ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَحُدِّثُوا أَنَّ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا كُلُّهُمْ \"، وَصَلُّوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى إِذَا نَسَخَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَا أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ وَبَرَّأَهُ مِنْ سَجْعِهِ انْقَلَبَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بِصَلَاتِهِمْ، فَعَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ كَانَ سُجُودُهُمْ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٢٧٢ - وَلَوْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا قَالَ لَوَجَبَ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ الْإِرْثُ عَلَى أَصْلِهِ فِي دُورِ مَنْ مَاتَ مِنْهُمْ أَوْ قُتِلَ وَلَهُ إِرْثُ مُسْلِمٍ، مِنْهُمْ: عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَابْنُهُ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ مُسْلِمٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ غَيْرُهُ مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَإِرْثُهُ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ\n\n١٨٢٧٣ - وَهُوَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ شَيْئًا مِنْ دُورِ مَكَّةَ مَمْلُوكًا، وَلَوْ كَانُوا مُرْتَدِّينَ لَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَمُنُّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَلَا يُفَادِيهِمْ، فَإِنَّ الْمَنَّ وَالْمُفَادَاةَ غَيْرُ جَائِزَيْنِ فِي أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ: «لَوْ كَانَ مُطْعِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ حَيًّا ثُمَّ كَلَّمَنِي فِي هَؤُلَاءِ النَّتْنَى لَأَطْلَقْتُهُمْ لَهُ»\n\n١٨٢٧٤ - وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ لَا يَجُوزُ فِي أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، وَلَوْ كَانُوا أَهْلَ رَدَّةٍ لَكَانَ لَا يَجْعَلُ لِصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ: «تَسِيرُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ»، وَلَا لِغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الطُّلَقَاءِ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَجُوزُ فِي أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، فَكُلُّ هَذَا مَعَ غَيْرِهِ مِمَّا يَطُولُ الْكِتَابُ بِذِكْرِهِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٢٧٥ - ثُمَّ إِنْ صَحَّ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُرْتَدِّينَ فَرِدَّتُهُمْ كَانَتْ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْحُكْمِ بِقَتْلِهِمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا، فَصَارُوا بِالرِّدَّةِ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا قَطُّ، وَعَلَى حُكْمِ سَائِرِ الْكُفَّارِ جَرَتْ ⦗٣٠٣⦘ أَحْكَامُهُمْ عَلَى أَنَّ أَهْلَ الرِّدَّةِ إِذَا امْتَنَعُوا فَعِنْدَنَا الْإِمَامُ يُحَارِبُهُمْ، وَإِذَا اسْتَأْمَنُوهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُوَ يَرْجُو إِسْلَامَهُمْ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُؤَمِّنَهُمْ، وَإِذَا أَسْلَمُوا كَانُوا عَلَى أَمْلَاكِهِمْ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ يُخَالِفُ أَصْلَنَا بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ","vol":"13","page":301},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1248>مَا قَسَمَ مِنَ الدُّورِ وَالْأَرَاضِي ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ أَهْلُهَا عَلَيْهَا</span>","vol":"13","page":304},{"text":"١٨٢٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ قُسِمَتْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهِيَ عَلَى قَسْمِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَأَيُّمَا دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ أَدْرَكَهَا الْإِسْلَامُ وَلَمْ تُقْسَمْ فَهِيَ عَلَى قَسْمِ الْإِسْلَامِ»\n\n١٨٢٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي فِيهِ حَدِيثًا أَثْبَتَ مِنْ هَذَا بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٨٢٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَعَلَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ أَرَادَ مَا رَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَاهُ ⦗٣٠٥⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ النَّحْوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ","vol":"13","page":304},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1249>تَرْكُ أَخْذِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِمَا أَصَابُوا</span>","vol":"13","page":306},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1250>مِنْ كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ الْقَدِيمِ</span>","vol":"13","page":306},{"text":"١٨٢٧٩ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ:  «أَلَا إِنَّ كُلَّ دَمٍ وَمَالٍ أُصِيبَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَأَوَّلُ دَمٍ وُضِعَ دَمُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ»\n\n١٨٢٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَلَا إِنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ تَحْتَ قَدَمَيَّ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَدِمَاءُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعَةٌ، وَأَوَّلُ دَمٍ أَضَعُهُ دِمَاؤُنَا، دَمُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ»\n\n١٨٢٨١ - وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: «دَمُ ابْنِ رَبِيعَةَ»، وَكَانَ مُسْتَرْضَعًا فِي بَنِي سَعْدٍ فَقَتَلَتْهُ هُذَيْلٌ «\n\n١٨٢٨٢ - وَرِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَأَوَّلُ رِبًا أَضَعُهُ رِبَانَا، رِبَا عَمِّي الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَإِنَّهُ مَوْضُوعٌ كُلُّهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَاتِمٍ ⦗٣٠٧⦘\n\n١٨٢٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: مَنْ قَالَ: «دَمُ رَبِيعَةَ»، فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ دَمًا وَلِيُّهُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَالْمَقْتُولُ ابْنٌ لَهُ صَغِيرٌ قُتِلَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَأَهْدَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ دَمَهُ\n\n١٨٢٨٤ - كَذَا قَالَهُ ابْنُ الْكَلْبِيِّ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ","vol":"13","page":306},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1251>بَابُ وقُوعِ الرَّجُلِ قَدْ شَهِدَ الْحَرْبَ عَلَى الْجَارِيَةِ مِنَ السَّبْيِ قَبْلَ الْقَسَمِ</span>","vol":"13","page":308},{"text":"١٨٢٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: \" كَانَ مَنْ سَلَفَ مِنْ عُلَمَائِنَا يُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ أَدْنَى الْحَدَّيْنِ: مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ، وَمَهْرَهَا، وَقِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ، فَيُلْحِقُونَهَا وَوَلَدَهَا بِهِ الَّذِي لَهُ فِيهَا مِنَ الشِّرْكِ \"\n\n١٨٢٨٦ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ فِيهَا نَصِيبٌ عَلَى مَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ فَلَا حَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي جَارِيَةٍ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَطَأَهَا أَحَدُهُمَا، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا حَدَّ عَلَيْهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ الْعُقْرُ»\n\n١٨٢٨٧ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «ادْرَءُوا الْحُدُودَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ، فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ إِنْ يُخْطِئْ فِي الْعَفْوِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يُخْطِئَ فِي الْعُقُوبَةِ، وَإِذَا وَجَدْتُمْ لِمُسْلِمٍ مَخْرَجًا فَادْرَءُوا عَنْهُ الْحَدَّ»\n\n١٨٢٨٨ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: وَبَلَغَنَا نَحْوًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاحْتَجَّ بِهَذَا فِي سُقُوطِ الْحَدِّ ⦗٣٠٩⦘\n\n١٨٢٨٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ كَلَامَهُ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَثْبُتُ لِلْوَلَدِ نَسَبٌ، وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ مَهْرٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ زَنَى، وَيُدْرَأُ عَنْهُ الْحَدُّ\n\n١٨٢٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا عَلِمْتُ أَبَا يُوسُفَ احْتَجَّ بِحَرْفٍ فِي هَذَا إِلَّا عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْوَاقِعَ عَلَى الْجَارِيَةِ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ لَهُ فِيهَا شِرْكٌ فَابْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقَعُ عَلَى الْجَارِيَةِ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ آخَرَ: عَلَيْهِ الْعُقْرُ، وَيُدْرَأُ عَنْهُ الْحَدُّ وَنَحْنُ وَهُوَ نُلْحِقُ بِهِ الْوَلَدَ، وَإِنْ جَعَلَهُ زَانِيًا كَمَا قَالَ لَزِمَهُ أَنْ يُحَدَّ حَدَّ الزِّنَا، فَجَعَلَهُ زَانِيًا غَيْرَ زَانٍ وَقِيَاسًا عَلَى شَيْءٍ، وَخَالَفَ بَيْنَهُمَا\n\n١٨٢٩١ - وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ذَهَبَ فِي أَدْنَى الْحَدَّيْنِ إِلَى شَيْءٍ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁ فِي مَوْلَاةٍ لِحَاطِبٍ زَنَتْ فَاسْتَهَلَّتْ بِالزِّنَا، فَرَأَى أَنَّهَا تَجْهَلُهُ وَهِيَ ثَيِّبٌ، فَضَرَبَهَا مِائَةً وَهِيَ ثَيِّبٌ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ\n\n١٨٢٩٢ - وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَحْدَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: أَخَذَ مِنْهُ عُقْرَهَا وَرُدَّتْ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَهَالَةِ نُهِيَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عُزِّرَ، وَلَا حَدَّ مِنْ قِبَلِ الشُّبْهَةِ فِي أَنَّهُ مَلَكَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، وَإِنَّمَا قَصَدَ بِمَا قَالَ هَاهُنَا إِيلَاءَ عُذْرِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ فِيمَا قَالَ مِنْ أَدْنَى الْحَدَّيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٢٩٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَى قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ غَشِيَ جَارِيَةً بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ قَالَ: «يُجْلَدُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ، وَتُقَوَّمُ وَوَلَدُهَا بِأَعْلَى الْقِيمَةِ»","vol":"13","page":308},{"text":"١٨٢٩٤ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا كَثِيرُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ، أُتِيَ بِجَارِيَةٍ كَانَتْ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ، فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا أَحَدُهُمَا فَحَمَلَتْ، قَالَ: «تُقَوَّمُ عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"13","page":310},{"text":"١٨٢٩٥ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ جَارِيَةٍ كَانَتْ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا أَحَدُهُمَا، فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ حَدٌّ، تُقَوَّمُ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةٌ وَيَأْخُذُهَا»\n\n١٨٢٩٦ - وَهَذَا يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي الْجَارِيَةِ إِذَا حَمَلَتْ مِنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":310},{"text":"١٨٢٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُمَيْرٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى امْرَأَةً مُجِحَّاءَ عَلَى بَابِ فُسْطَاطٍ فَقَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُ قَدْ أَلَمَّ بِهَا» قَالَ: قَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَلْعَنَهُ لَعْنَةً تَدْخُلُ مَعَهُ قَبْرَهُ، كَيْفَ يُوَرِّثُهُ وَهُوَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ؟ وَكَيْفَ يَسْتَخْدِمُهُ وَهُوَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ؟»\n\n١٨٢٩٨ - مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى وجُوبِ الِاسْتِبْرَاءِ بَعْدَ الْقَسَمِ وَالْمُجِحُّ: الْحَامِلُ الْمُقْرِبُ\n\n١٨٢٩٩ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي سَبْيِ أَوْطَاسٍ ⦗٣١١⦘: «لَا تُوطَأُ حَامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا، وَلَا غَيْرُ ذَاتِ حَمْلٍ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ حَيْضَةً»، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ","vol":"13","page":310},{"text":"١٨٣٠٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّيْلَحِينِيُّ - يَعْنِي يَحْيَى بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، وَأَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَرَّاسِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي سَبْيِ أَوْطَاسٍ: «لَا يُوقَعُ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ، وَلَا عَلَى حَامِلٍ حَتَّى تَضَعَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا»","vol":"13","page":311},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1252>الْمَرْأَةُ تُسْبَى مَعَ زَوْجِهَا</span>","vol":"13","page":312},{"text":"١٨٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «سَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَبْيَ أَوْطَاسٍ وَسَبْيَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَأَسَرَ مِنْ رِجَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ، وَقَسَمَ السَّبْيَ وَأَمَرَ أَلَّا تُوطَأَ حَامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ، وَلَا حَائِلٌ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ، وَلَمْ يَسْأَلْ عَنْ ذَاتِ زَوْجٍ وَلَا غَيْرِهَا، وَلَا هَلْ سُبِيَ زَوْجٌ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَلَا غَيْرِهِ»\n\n١٨٣٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ قَطْعُ الْعِصْمَةِ بَيْنَهُنَّ وَبَيْنَ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنِ اسْتِبَائِهِنَّ بَعْدَ حُرِّيَّتِهِنَّ\n\n١٨٣٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَحْدَهُ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤]: ذَوَاتُ الْأَزْوَاجِ اللَّاتِي مَلَكْتُمُوهُنَّ بِالسِّبَاءِ\n\n١٨٣٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ سَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رِجَالًا مِنْ هَوَازِنَ، فَمَا ⦗٣١٣⦘ عَلِمْنَاهُ سَأَلَ عَنْ أَزْوَاجِ الْمَسْبِيَّاتِ أَسُبُوا مَعَهُنَّ أَوْ قَبْلَهُنَّ أَوْ بَعْدَهُنَّ أَوْ لَمْ يُسْبُوا، وَلَوْ كَانَ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ مَعْنًى لَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ\n\n١٨٣٠٥ - فَأَمَّا قَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ: خَلَاهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَجَعْنَ إِلَى أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ اسْتَحَلُّوا شَيْئًا مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ فَلَا حُجَّةَ بِالْمُشْرِكِ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا أَسْلَمُوا فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُنَّ رَجَعْنَ إِلَى أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ إِلَّا بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَبَاحَهُنَّ لِمَالِكِيهِنَّ، وَهُوَ لَا يُبِيحُهُنَّ إِلَّا بَعْدَ انْقِطَاعِ النِّكَاحِ، وَإِذَا انْقَطَعَ النِّكَاحُ فَلَا بُدَّ مِنْ تَجْدِيدِ النِّكَاحِ","vol":"13","page":312},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1253>وَطْءُ السَّبَايَا بِالْمِلْكِ قَبْلَ الْخُرُوجِ مِنْ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ</span>","vol":"13","page":314},{"text":"١٨٣٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ:  «لَهُ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا وَهَذَا حَلَالٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿ بِأَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَطَئُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا أَصَابُوا مِنَ السَّبَايَا فِي غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْفُلُوا»\n\n١٨٣٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ وَطِئَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ الِاسْتِبْرَاءِ فِي بِلَادِ الْعَدُوِّ\n\n١٨٣٠٨ - وَعَرَّسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصَفِيَّةَ بِالصَّهْبَاءِ وَهِيَ غَيْرُ بِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ يَوْمَئِذٍ\n\n١٨٣٠٩ - وَغَزَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ الْمُرَيْسِيعِ بِامْرَأَةٍ أَوِ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ، وَالْغَزْوُ بِالنِّسَاءِ أَوْلَى لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِ مَكْرُوهٌ بِأَنْ يَخَافَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمَاتِ أَنْ يُؤْتَى بِهِنَّ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ فَيُسْبَيْنَ، مِنْ أَنْ يَتَوَقَّى رَجُلٌ إِصَابَةَ جَارِيَةٍ مَلَكَهَا فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ ⦗٣١٥⦘\n\n١٨٣١٠ - يَقُولُ قَائِلٌ: لَعَلَّ أَهْلَ الْحَرْبِ يَغْلِبُونَ عَلَيْهَا فَتُسْتَرَقُّ وَوَلَدٌ إِنْ كَانَ فِي بَطْنِهَا، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":314},{"text":"١٨٣١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَرَأَيْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ، فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْعَزْلِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَأَصَبْنَا سَبَايَا مِنْ سَبَايَا الْعَرَبِ، فَاشْتَهَيْنَا النِّسَاءَ وَاشْتَدَّتْ عَلَيْنَا الْعُزُوبَةُ وَأَحْبَبْنَا الْفِدَاءَ، فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَعْزِلَ، ثُمَّ قُلْنَا: نَعْزِلُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا قَبْلَ أَنْ نَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: «مَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، مَا مِنْ نَسَمَةٍ كَائِنَةٍ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا وَهِيَ كَائِنَةٌ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدُوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"13","page":315},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1254>التَّفْرِيقُ بَيْنَ ذَوِي الْمَحَارِمِ</span>","vol":"13","page":316},{"text":"١٨٣١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ أَبِي شَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، «أَنَّهُ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ جَارِيَةٍ وَوَلَدِهَا، فَنَهَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَرَدَّ الْبَيْعَ»\n\n١٨٣١٣ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ أَبُو مَرْيَمَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ\n\n١٨٣١٤ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْأَخَوَيْنِ ⦗٣١٧⦘\n\n١٨٣١٥ - وَالْحَجَّاجُ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ لِكَثْرَةِ مُخَالَفَتِهِ غَيْرَهُ فِي الْمُتُونِ وَالْأَسَانِيدِ\n\n١٨٣١٦ - وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْأَخَوَيْنِ وَلَا نَدْرِي مَنِ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ وَقِيلَ: عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي الْأُمِّ وَوَلَدِهَا لَهُ شَوَاهِدُ","vol":"13","page":316},{"text":"١٨٣١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا أُسَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، قَدِمَ بِسَبْيٍ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ تَبْكِي وَقَالَتْ: بِيعَ ابْنِي فِي عَبْسٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِأَبِي أُسَيْدٍ:  «لَتَرْكَبَنَّ فَلَتَجِيئَنَّ بِهِ كَمَا بِعْتَ بِالثَّمَنِ» فَرَكِبَ أَبُو أُسَيْدٍ فَجَاءَ بِهِ\n\n١٨٣١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٣١٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ وَالِدَةٍ وَوَلَدِهَا فَرَّقَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَحِبَّتِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»\n\n١٨٣٢٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ عِقَالٍ قَالَ: نَهَانِي عُثْمَانُ ﵁، أَنْ أُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَ الْوَالِدِ وَوَلَدِهِ فِي الْبَيْعِ ⦗٣١٨⦘\n\n١٨٣٢١ - ورُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ مُرْسَلًا\n\n١٨٣٢٢ - وَرَوَى عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ فَرُّوخٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁: «أَنْ لَا يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْنِ مَمْلُوكَيْنِ فِي الْبَيْعِ»","vol":"13","page":317},{"text":"١٨٣٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَإِذَا مَلَكَ الرَّجُلُ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ لَمْ يُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَ الْأُمِّ وَوَلَدِهَا حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْوَلَدُ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ أَوْ ثَمَانِ سِنِينَ»\n\n١٨٣٢٣ - رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «أَنَّهُ خَيَّرَ غُلَامًا بَيْنَ أَبَوَيْهِ»\n\n١٨٣٢٤ - وَعَنْ عُمَرَ،\n\n١٨٣٢٥ - وَالْغُلَامُ غَيْرُ بَالِغٍ عِنْدَنَا\n\n١٨٣٢٦ - وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ، «أَنَّهُ خَيَّرَ غُلَامًا بَيْنَ أُمِّهِ وَعَمِّهِ»\n\n١٨٣٢٧ - وَكَانَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْغُلَامُ ابْنُ سَبْعٍ، أَوْ ثَمَانٍ، ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَى أَخٍ لَهُ أَصْغَرَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ: وَهَذَا لَوْ قَدْ بَلَغَ مَبْلَغَ هَذَا خَيَّرْنَاهُ، فَجَعَلْنَا هَذَا الْحَدَّ لِاسْتِغْنَاءِ الْغُلَامِ وَالْجَارِيَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مُدَّةٍ يَكُونُ لَهُمَا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمَا قَوْلٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ وَلَدُ الْوَالِدِ\n\n١٨٣٢٨ - فَأَمَّا الْأَخَوَانِ فَيُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالنَّفَقَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا\n\n١٨٣٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَنَا أَكْرَهُ التَّفْرِيقَ بَيْنَهُمَا لِمَا رُوِّينَا فِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"13","page":318},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1255>بَيْعُ السَّبْيِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ</span>","vol":"13","page":319},{"text":"١٨٣٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ:  «أَسَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُسَرَاءَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَخَذَ الْفِدْيَةَ مِنْ بَعْضِهِمْ، وَمَنَّ عَلَى بَعْضٍ»\n\n١٨٣٣١ - ثُمَّ أَسَرَ بَعْدَهُمْ بِدَهْرٍ ثُمَامَةَ بْنَ أَثَالٍ فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدُ ⦗٣٢٠⦘\n\n١٨٣٣٢ - وَمَنَّ عَلَى غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَوَهَبَ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ بَاطَا لِثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ لِيَمُنَّ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَأَلَ الزُّبَيْرُ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ\n\n١٨٣٣٣ - وَسَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نِسَاءَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَذَرَارِيَّهُمْ، وَبَاعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَاشْتَرَى أَبُو الشَّحْمِ الْيَهُودِيُّ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ عَجُوزًا وَوَلَدَهَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا بَقِيَ مِنَ السَّبْيِ أَثْلَاثًا، ثُلُثًا إِلَى تِهَامَةَ، وَثُلُثًا إِلَى نَجْدٍ، وَثُلُثًا إِلَى طَرِيقِ الشَّامِ، فَبِيعُوا بِالْخَيْلِ وَالسِّلَاحِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالْمَالِ، وَفِيهِمُ الصَّغِيرُ وَالْكَبِيرُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَطْفَالِ مَعَهُمْ\n\n١٨٣٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفَدَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا بِرَجُلَيْنِ\n\n١٨٣٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَدَى رَجُلًا بِرَجُلَيْنِ \"\n\n١٨٣٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَذَلِكَ النِّسَاءُ الْبَوَالِغُ: قَدِ اسْتَوْهَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَارِيَةً بَالِغًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَفَدَى بِهَا رَجُلَيْنِ","vol":"13","page":319},{"text":"١٨٣٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ ⦗٣٢١⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِيَاسُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁ وَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَغَزَوْنَا فَزَارَةَ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ أَمَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَرَّسْنَا، فَلَمَّا صَلَّيْنَا الصُّبْحَ أَمَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَشَنَنَّا الْغَارَةَ وَنَزَلْنَا عَلَى الْمَاءِ قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى عُنُقٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فِيهِمُ الذُّرِّيَّةُ وَالنِّسَاءُ فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَسْبِقُونِي إِلَى الْجَبَلِ، فَأَخَذْتُ فِي إِثَارَتِهِمْ فَرَمَيْتُ بِسَهْمِي بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْجَبَلِ فَقَامُوا، فَجِئْتُ أَسُوقُهُمْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَفِيهِمُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ عَلَيْهَا قَشْعٌ مِنْ أَدَمٍ وَمَعَهَا ابْنَةٌ لَهَا مِنْ أَحْسَنِ الْعَرَبِ، فَنَفَّلَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ ابْنَتَهَا، فَمَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَمْ أَكْشِفْ لَهَا ثَوْبًا، وَلَقِيَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي السُّوقِ، فَقَالَ: «يَا أَبَا سَلَمَةَ، هَبْ لِيَ الْمَرْأَةَ»، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدْ أَعْجَبَتْنِي وَمَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا، فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَرَكَنِي، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ لَقِيَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي السُّوقِ فَقَالَ: «يَا سَلَمَةُ، هَبْ لِيَ الْمَرْأَةَ لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ»، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدْ أَعْجَبَتْنِي، وَاللَّهِ مَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا وَهِيَ لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ \"، فَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ فَفَدَى بِهَا رِجَالًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ","vol":"13","page":320},{"text":"١٨٣٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَأَمَّا الصِّبْيَانُ إِذَا صَارُوا إِلَيْنَا لَيْسَ مَعَ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ وَالِدَيْهِ، فَلَا نَبِيعُهُمْ مِنْهُمْ، وَلَا نُفَادِي بِهِمْ؛ لِأَنَّ حُكْمَهُمْ حُكْمُ آبَائِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا مَعَهُمْ، فَإِذَا تَحَوَّلُوا إِلَيْنَا وَلَا وَالِدَ مَعَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ حُكْمَهُ حُكْمُ مَالِكِهِ\n\n١٨٣٣٩ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ أَبِي يُوسُفَ: يُقَوَّى بِهِمْ أَهْلُ الْحَرْبِ فَقَدْ يَمُنُّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَيَدْعُونَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ صِلَةَ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ بِالْمَالِ وَإِطْعَامَهُمْ أَلَيْسَ بِأَقْوَى لَهُمْ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْحَالَاتِ مِنْ بَيْعِ عَبْدٍ أَوْ عَبْدَيْنِ مِنْهُمْ، وَقَدْ أَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أُمِّي أَتَتْنِي وَهِيَ رَاغِبَةٌ فِي عَهْدِ قُرَيْشٍ أَفَأَصِلُهَا؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»\n\n١٨٣٤٠ - وَأْذِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَكَسَا ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ مُشْرِكًا بِمَكَّةَ ⦗٣٢٣⦘\n\n١٨٣٤١ - وَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا﴾ [الإنسان: ٨]\n\n١٨٣٤٢ - مَعَ مَا وَصَفْتُ مَنْ بَيْعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سَبْيَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ\n\n١٨٣٤٣ - فَأَمَّا الْكُرَاعُ وَالسِّلَاحُ فَلَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا أَرْخَصَ فِي بَيْعِهَا «\n\n١٨٣٤٤ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ» فَادَى بِابْنِ بِطْرِيقٍ مِنَ الْبَطَارِقَةِ صَغِيرًا \"\n\n١٨٣٤٥ - قَالَ: وَلَوْ كَانَ بِالْأَخْذِ يَضُرُّ مُسْلِمًا مَا حَلَّ الْفِدَاءُ بِهِ\n\n١٨٣٤٦ - وَذَكَرَ رِوَايَةَ مُبَشِّرٍ الْحَكَمِيِّ، عَنْ فُرَاتِ بْنِ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نَكُونُ مَعَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى فَيُصِيبُ الصِّبْيَانَ مِنَ السَّبْيِ فَيَمُوتُونَ فَلَا يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِمْ»\n\n١٨٣٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْمَذْهَبُ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْجَدِيدِ، وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنُ الْبِطْرِيقِ سُبِيَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ أَبَوَاهُ وَلَا أَحَدُهُمَا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بُدٌّ مِنْ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ تَبَعًا لِغَيْرِهِ فِي الدِّينِ فَاتِّبَاعُهُ لِسَابِيهِ أَوْلَى تَغْلِيبًا لِحُكْمِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":322},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1256>الْحَمِيلُ إِذَا عُتِقَ لَا يُورِّثُ حَتَّى يَقُومَ بِنَسَبِهِ بَيِّنَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":324},{"text":"١٨٣٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُجَالِدٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ: «أَنْ لَا يُورِّثَ حَمِيلًا إِلَّا بِبَيِّنَةٍ، وَلَا يُجِيزَ عَطِيَّةَ امْرَأَةٍ فِي بَنِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ، أَوْ تَلِدَ وَلَدًا، وَفِي الْبَهِيمَةِ تُفْقَأُ عَيْنُهَا رُبُعُ ثَمَنِهَا»\n\n١٨٣٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَلَهُ فِي الْحَمِيلِ شَوَاهِدُ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ وَأَسَانِيدُهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَالسُّنَّةُ فِي الْبَيِّنَةِ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي دَلِيلٌ فِي الْحَمِيلِ","vol":"13","page":324},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1257>بَابُ الْمُبَارَزَةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":325},{"text":"١٨٣٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَلَا بَأْسَ بِالْمُبَارَزَةِ\n\n١٨٣٥١ - قَدْ بَارَزَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: عُبَيْدَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَحَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٨٣٥٢ - وَبَارَزَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ مَرْحَبًا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣٢٦⦘،\n\n١٨٣٥٣ - وَبَارَزَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ يَاسِرًا\n\n١٨٣٥٤ - وَبَارَزَ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَمْرَو بْنَ عَبْدِ وُدٍّ\n\n١٨٣٥٥ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ بَارَزَ عُبَيْدَةُ عُتْبَةَ، فَضَرَبَ عُبَيْدَةُ عُتْبَةَ فَأَرْخَى عَاتِقَهُ الْأَيْسَرَ، فَضَرَبَهُ عُتْبَةُ فَقَطَعَ رِجْلَهُ، فَأَعَانَ حَمْزَةُ، وَعَلِيٌّ عُبَيْدَةَ فَقَتَلَا عُتْبَةَ\n\n١٨٣٥٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: إِنَّ مَعُونَةَ حَمْزَةَ، وَعَلِيٍّ عَلَى عُتْبَةَ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ أَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي عُبَيْدَةَ قِتَالًا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْهُمْ لِعُتْبَةَ أَمَانٌ يَكُفُّونَ بِهِ عَنْهُ\n\n١٨٣٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، فَذَكَرَ بأَسَانِيدِهِ مُبَارَزَةَ عُبَيْدَةَ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ: فَاخْتَلَفَا ضَرْبَتَيْنِ كِلَاهُمَا أَثْبَتَ صَاحِبَهُ قَالَ: وَبَارَزَ حَمْزَةُ شَيْبَةَ فَقَتَلَهُ مَكَانَهُ، وَبَارَزَ عَلِيُّ الْوَلِيدَ فَقَتَلَهُ مَكَانَهُ، ثُمَّ كَرَّا عَلَى عُتْبَةَ فَزَفَفَا عَلَيْهِ وَاحْتَمَلَا صَاحِبَهُمَا\n\n١٨٣٥٨ - وَذَكَرَ مُبَارَزَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ مَرْحَبًا وَمُبَارَزَةَ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ يَاسِرًا، وَمُبَارَزَةَ عَلِيٍّ عَمْرَو بْنَ وُدٍّ\n\n١٨٣٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، وَبُرَيْدَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، كَانَ صَاحِبَ مَرْحَبٍ، وَقِيلَ: اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ، مُحَمَّدٌ أَثْخَنَهُ، وَعَلِيٌّ جَهَزَ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْوَاقِدِيِّ ⦗٣٢٧⦘\n\n١٨٣٦٠ - وَأَمَّا نَقْلُ الرُءُوسِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٨٣٦١ - وَأَمَّا بَيْعُ جِيفَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْهُمْ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ نَهَاهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"13","page":325},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1258>بَابُ السَّوَادِ وَحُكْمُ مَا نَفَقَهُ الْإِمَامُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":328},{"text":"١٨٣٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" وَلَا أَعْرِفُ مَا أَقُولُ فِي أَرْضِ السَّوَادِ إِلَّا ظَنًّا مَقْرُونًا إِلَى عِلْمٍ\n\n١٨٣٦٣ - وَذَلِكَ أَنِّي وَجَدْتُ أَصَحَّ حَدِيثٍ يَرْوِيهِ الْكُوفِيُّونَ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي السَّوَادِ لَيْسَ فِيهِ بَيَانٌ،\n\n١٨٣٦٤ - وَوَجَدْتُ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْ أَحَادِيثِهِمْ يُخَالِفُهُ. مِنْهَا أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: السَّوَادُ صُلْحٌ، وَيَقُولُونَ: السَّوَادُ عَنْوَةً، وَيَقُولُونَ: بَعْضُ السَّوَادِ صُلْحٌ، وَبَعْضُهُ عَنْوَةً، وَيَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ جَرِيرًا الْبَجَلِيَّ، وَهَذَا أَثْبَتُ حَدِيثٍ عِنْدَهُمْ فِيهِ \"","vol":"13","page":328},{"text":"١٨٣٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ بَجِيلَةُ رُبُعَ النَّاسِ فَقَسَمَ لَهُمْ رُبُعَ السَّوَادِ، فَاسْتَغَلُّوهُ ثَلَاثًا أَوْ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ - أَنَا شَكَكْتُ - ثُمَّ ⦗٣٢٩⦘ قَدِمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَمَعِي فُلَانَةُ بِنْتُ فُلَانٍ - امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ سَمَّاهَا لَا يَحْضُرُنِي ذِكْرُ اسْمِهَا - فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «لَوْلَا أَنِّي قَاسِمٌ مَسْئُولٌ لَتَرَكْتُكُمْ عَلَى مَا قُسَمَ لَكُمْ، وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَرُدُّوا عَلَى النَّاسِ»\n\n١٨٣٦٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ يَعْنِي فِي حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ: وَعَاضَنِي مِنْ حَقِّي فِيهِ نَيِّفًا وَثَمَانِينَ دِينَارًا وَكَانَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: فَقَالَتْ فُلَانَةُ: شَهِدَ أَبِي الْقَادِسِيَّةَ وَثَبَتَ سَهْمُهُ، وَلَا أُسَلَّمُهُ حَتَّى يُعْطِيَنِي كَذَا وَيُعْطِيَنِي كَذَا، فَأَعْطَاهَا إِيَّاهُ\n\n١٨٣٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلَالَةٌ إِذَا أَعْطَى جَرِيرًا الْبَجَلِيَّ عِوَضًا مِنْ سَهْمِهِ، وَالْمَرْأَةَ عِوَضًا مِنْ سَهْمِ أَبِيهَا، أَنَّهُ اسْتَطَابَ أَنْفُسَ الَّذِينَ أَوْجَفُوا عَلَيْهِ فَتَرَكُوا حُقُوقَهُمْ مِنْهُ فَجَعَلَهُ وَقَفًا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ\n\n١٨٣٦٨ - وَهَذَا حَلَالٌ لِلْإِمَامِ لَوِ افْتَتَحَ أَرْضًا عَنْوَةً فَأَحْصَى مَنِ افْتَتَحَهَا وَطَابُوا أَنْفُسًا عَنْ حُقُوقِهِمْ مِنْهَا أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا الْإِمَامُ وَقَفًا وَحُقُوقُهُمْ مِنْهَا الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَخْمَاسِ، وَيُوَفِّي أَهْلَ الْخُمُسِ حُقُوقَهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَدَعَ الْبَالِغُونَ مِنْهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ، فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ\n\n١٨٣٦٩ - وَالْحُكْمُ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَالْحُكْمِ فِي الْمَالِ\n\n١٨٣٧٠ - وَقَدْ سَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَوَازِنَ، وَقَسَمَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسِهَا بَيْنَ الْمُوجِفِينَ\n\n١٨٣٧١ - ثُمَّ جَاءَتْهُ وفُودُ هَوَازِنَ مُسْلِمِينَ، فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَمُنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِأَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ، فَخَيَّرَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالسَّبْيِ، فَقَالُوا: خَيَّرْتَنَا بَيْنَ أَحْسَابِنَا وَأَمْوَالِنَا، فَنَخْتَارُ أَحْسَابَنَا ⦗٣٣٠⦘\n\n١٨٣٧٢ - فَتَرَكَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَقَّهُ وَحَقَّ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ\n\n١٨٣٧٣ - وَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ، فَتَرَكُوا لَهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ\n\n١٨٣٧٤ - وَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ الْأَنْصَارُ، فَتَرَكُوا لَهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ\n\n١٨٣٧٥ - وَبَقِيَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْآخَرِينَ وَالْفَتْحِيِّينَ فَأَمَرَ، فَعَرَّفَ عَلَى كُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ وَاحِدًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «ائْتُونِي بِطِيبِ أَنْفُسِ مَنْ بَقِيَ، فَمَنْ كَرِهَ فَلَهُ عَلَيَّ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»، إِلَى وَقْتٍ ذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٣٧٦ - فَجَاؤُوهُ بِطِيبِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ إِلَّا الْأَقْرَعَ بْنَ حَابِسٍ وَعُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ بَدْرٍ، فَإِنَّهُمَا أَبَيَا لِيُعَيِّرَا هَوَازِنَ، فَلَمْ يُكْرِهْهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى كَانَا هُمَا تَرَكَا بَعْدَ أَنْ خُدِعَ عُيَيْنَةُ عَنْ حَقَّهِ، وَسَلَّمَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَقَّ مَنْ طَابَ نَفْسُهُ عَنْ حَقِّهِ\n\n١٨٣٧٧ - وَهَذَا أَوْلَى الْأُمُورِ بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ عِنْدَنَا فِي السَّوَادِ وَفُتُوحِهِ إِنْ كَانَتْ عَنْوَةً، فَهُوَ عِنْدَنَا كَمَا وَصَفْتُ ظَنٌّ عَلَيْهِ دَلَالَةُ يَقِينٍ، وَإِنَّمَا مَنَعَنَا أَنْ نَجْعَلَهُ يَقِينًا بِالدِّلَالَةِ أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي فِيهِ مُتَنَاقِضٌ، فَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ قَسْمٌ إِلَّا عَنْ أَمْرِ عُمَرَ لِكِبَرِ قَدْرِهِ، وَلَوْ تُفُوِّتَ فِيهِ مَا انْتَفَى أَنْ يَغِيبَ عَنْهُ قَسْمُهُ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ ⦗٣٣١⦘\n\n١٨٣٧٨ - وَلَوْ كَانَ الْقَسْمُ لَيْسَ لِمَنْ قَسَمَ لَهُ مَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مِنْهُ عِوَضٌ، وَلَكَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُمُ الْغَلَّةُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ كَيْفَ كَانَ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِيهِ حَدِيثًا يَثْبُتُ إِنَّمَا أَجِدُهَا مُتَنَاقِضَةً، وَالَّذِي أَوْلَى بِعُمَرَ عِنْدِي الَّذِي وَصَفْتُ\n\n١٨٣٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ جَرِيرٍ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ، رَوَاهُ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَهُشَيْمٌ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، وَعَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَغَيْرُهُمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قِصَّةَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَقَالُوا: ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ قَالَ: سَنَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا، وَقَالُوا: فَرَدَّهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَعْطَاهُ عُمَرُ ثَمَانِينَ دِينَارًا","vol":"13","page":328},{"text":"١٨٣٨٠ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ بَجِيلَةُ رُبُعَ النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ، فَجَعَلَ لَهُمْ عُمَرُ ﵁ رُبُعَ السَّوَادِ، فَأَخَذَهُ سَنَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا، فَوَفَدَ عَمَّارٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ وَتَبِعَهُ جَرِيرٌ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِجَرِيرٍ: «لَوْلَا أَنِّي قَاسِمٌ مَسْئُولٌ لَتَرَكْتُكُمْ عَلَى مَا جُعِلَ لَكُمْ، وَإِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ كَثُرُوا فَأَرَى أَنْ تَرُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ» فَفَعَلَ جَرِيرٌ فَأَجَازَهُ عُمَرُ بِثَمَانِينَ دِينَارًا","vol":"13","page":331},{"text":"١٨٣٨١ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، أَيْضًا، عَنْ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: كَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَجِيلَةَ يُقَالُ لَهَا: أُمُّ كُرْزٍ، فَقَالَتْ لِعُمَرَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ أَبِي هَلَكَ وَسَهْمُهُ ثَابِتٌ فِي السَّوَادِ، وَإِنِّي لَمْ أُسَلِّمْ، قَالَ لَهَا: «يَا أُمَّ كُرْزٍ، إِنَّ زَمَانَهُ قَدْ صَنَعُوا مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتِ» قَالَتْ: إِنْ كَانُوا صَنَعُوا مَا صَنَعُوا، فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ أُسَلِّمْ حَتَّى تَحْمِلَنِي عَلَى نَاقَةٍ ذَلُولٍ وَعَلَيْهَا قَطِيفَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ وَتَمْلَأُ كَفِّي ذَهَبًا، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَكَانَتِ الدَّنَانِيرُ نَحْوًا مِنْ ثَمَانِينَ دِينَارًا\n\n١٨٣٨٢ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ رِوَايَةَ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةَ: فَقَالَ جَرِيرٌ: فَأَنَا ضَامِنٌ لَكَ بَجِيلَةَ، فَأَجَابَتْهُ بَجِيلَةُ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا: أُمُّ كُرْزٍ، فَإِنَّهَا قَالَتْ: مَاتَ أَبِي وَسَهْمُهُ ثَابِتٌ فِي السَّوَادِ وَلَا أُسَلِّمْ، «فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهَا عُمَرُ حَتَّى رَضِيَتْ، وَمَلَأَ لَهَا عُمَرُ كَفَّهَا ذَهَبًا» فَقَالَتْ: رَضِيتُ ⦗٣٣٢⦘\n\n١٨٣٨٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عُمَرُ يَسْتَطِيبُ أَنْفُسَ بَجِيلَةَ وَيَأْخُذُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ لِأَنَّ بَجِيلَةَ وَمَنْ سِوَاهُمْ سَوَاءٌ\n\n١٨٣٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَالْأَشْبَهُ بِمَا انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ عُمَرَ ﵁ فِي الْأَرَاضِي الْمَغْنُومَةِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى قَسْمَهَا بَيْنَ الْغَانِمِينَ كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ، ثُمَّ رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا وَقَفًا لِتَكُونَ لِمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ أَيْضًا، وَكَانَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ بِرِضَا الْغَانِمِينَ، فَجَعَلَ يَسْتَطِيبُ قُلُوبَهُمْ\n\n١٨٣٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَصَابَ النَّاسُ فَتْحًا بِالشَّامِ وَفِيهِمْ بِلَالٌ، وَأَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ أَنَّ هَذَا الْفَيْءَ الَّذِي أَصَبْنَا، لَكَ خُمُسَهُ وَلَنَا مَا بَقِيَ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ كَمَا صَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَمَا قُلْتُمْ، وَلَكِنِّي أَقِفُهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَرَاجَعُوهُ الْكِتَابَ وَرَاجَعَهُمْ، يَأْبَوْنَ وَيَأْبَى، فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا قَامَ عُمَرُ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنِي بِلَالًا وَأَصْحَابَ بِلَالٍ» قَالَ: فَمَا حَالَ الْحَوْلُ حَتَّى مَاتُوا جَمِيعًا.\n\n١٨٣٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْحُبَابِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ بِلَالًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ فَتَحُوا فُتُوحًا بِالشَّامِ فَقَالُوا لِعُمَرَ: \" اقْسِمْ بَيْنَنَا مَا غَنِمْنَا، فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَرِحْنِي مِنْ بِلَالٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ»\n\n١٨٣٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ ﵀: قَوْلُهُ ﵁: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَا قُلْتُمْ، لَا يُرِيدُ: مَا فُتِحَتْ قَرْيَةٌ إِلَّا قَسَمْتُهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ ⦗٣٣٣⦘، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ عُمَرُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، لَيْسَتِ الْمَصْلَحَةُ فِيمَا قُلْتُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا الْمَصْلَحَةُ فِي أَنْ أَقِفَهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَجَعَلَ يَأْبَى قِسْمَتَهَا لِمَا كَانَ يَرْجُو مِنْ تَطْيِبِ قُلُوبِهِمْ بِذَلِكَ، وَجَعَلُوا يَأْبَوْنَ لِمَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ، فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا لَمْ يَقْطَعْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُكْمَ بِإِخْرَاجِهَا مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَقْفِهَا، وَلَكِنْ دَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَيْثُ خَالَفُوهُ فِيمَا رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ، وَهُمْ لَوْ وَافَقُوهُ وَافَقَهُ أَفْنَاءُ النَّاسِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٣٨٨ - وَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَيْضًا فِي فَتْحِ مِصْرَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى ذَلِكَ وَرَأَى الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ قِسْمَتَهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ وَقَوْلُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ بَعْضَ خَيْبَرَ وَقَسَمَ بَعْضَهَا، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ بِالْخِيَارِ عَلَى مَا وَرَدَ بِالسِّيَرِ، فَإِنَّ الَّذِي لَمْ يَقْسِمْهُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ هُوَ مَا كَانَ صُلْحًا، وَلَوْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا زَعَمَ لَكَانَ يَحْتَجُّ بِهِ عُمَرُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، وَلَمَا احْتَجَّ بِقَسْمِهِ مَا قَسَمَ مِنْهَا الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ وَبِلَالٌ وَمَنْ طَلَبَ الْقِسْمَةَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٣٨٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٌ افْتَتَحَهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَنْوَةً فَخُمُسُهَا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَبَقِيَّتُهَا لِمَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهَا»","vol":"13","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1259>الْإِمَامُ يَهَبُ لِبَعْضِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ جَارِيَةً مِنْ بَعْضِ دُورِ الْحَرْبِ قَبْلَ فَتْحِهَا</span>","vol":"13","page":334},{"text":"١٨٣٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَبَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَمَثَّلَتْ لِيَ الْحِيرَةُ كَأَنْيَابِ الْكِلَابِ، وَأَنَّكُمْ سَتَفْتَحُونَهَا»، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَبْ لِي بِنْتَ بُقَيْلَةَ، فَقَالَ: «هِيَ لَكَ، فَأَعْطُوهُ إِيَّاهَا» كَذَا فِي رِوَايَتِنَا: بِنْتَ بُقَيْلَةَ\n\n١٨٣٩١ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: ابْنَةَ نُفَيْلَةَ، وَزَادَ: فَجَاءَ أَبُوهَا فَقَالَ: أَتَبِيعُهَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: بِكَمِ؟ احْكُمْ مَا شِئْتَ قَالَ: أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُهَا، قَالُوا لَهُ: لَوْ قُلْتَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا لَأَخَذَهَا قَالَ: وَهَلْ عَدَدٌ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أَلْفٍ؟ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الدَّامِغَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْقَطِيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٣٩٢ - وَهَذَا مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو قُدَامَةَ ⦗٣٣٥⦘ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُدْعَانَ، ذَكَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْحِيرَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَكَأَنَّهُ دَخَلَ لِابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ إِسْنَادٌ فِي إِسْنَادٍ\n\n١٨٣٩٣ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ بِإِسْنَادٍ حَسَنٍ عَنْ خُرَيْمِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ الشَّيْمَاءَ بِنْتَ نُفَيْلَةَ","vol":"13","page":334},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1260>مَا جَاءَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِ يَأْخُذُ أَرْضَ الْخَرَاجِ</span>","vol":"13","page":336},{"text":"١٨٣٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: أَتَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ الرَّجُلُ الْجِزْيَةَ، عَلَى خَرَاجِ الْأَرْضِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، إِنَّمَا الصَّغَارُ خَرَاجُ الْأَعْنَاقِ»\n\n١٨٣٩٥ - قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: بَلَغَنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِذُلٍّ طَائِعًا فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا»\n\n١٨٣٩٦ - وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: «وَهُوَ الْمُرْتَدُّ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ»\n\n١٨٣٩٧ - وَأَجْمَعَتِ الْعَامَّةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى الْكَرَاهِيَةِ لَهَا\n\n١٨٣٩٨ - وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَلِخَبَّابِ بْنِ الْأَرَتِّ، وَلِحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَلِشُرَيْحٍ أَرْضُ خَرَاجٍ\n\n١٨٣٩٩ - حَدَّثَنَا الْمُجَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ السُّلَمِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: إِنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ أَرْضًا مِنْ أَرْضِ السَّوَادِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَكُلَّ أَصْحَابِهَا أَرْضَيْتَ؟ قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: فَأَنْتَ فِيهَا مِثْلُ صَاحِبِهَا ⦗٣٣٧⦘\n\n١٨٤٠٠ - حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي لِيَلِيَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، أَنَّ دَهَاقِينَ مِنْ دَهَاقِينِ السَّوَادِ مِنْ عُظَمَائِهِمْ أَسْلَمُوا فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵄، «فَفَرَضَ عُمَرُ لِلَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا فِي زَمَانِهِ أَلْفَيْنِ، وَفَرَضَ عَلِيُّ لِلَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا فِي زَمَانِهِ أَلْفَيْنِ»\n\n١٨٤٠١ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ أَخْرَجَ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ أَرْضِهِمْ\n\n١٨٤٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَمَا الصَّغَارُ الَّذِي لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ فَجِزْيَةُ الرَّقَبَةِ الَّتِي تُحْقَنُ بِهِ الدَّمُ، وَهَذِهِ لَا تَكُونُ عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ، وَأَمَّا خَرَاجُ الْأَرْضِ فَلَا يَتَبَيَّنُ أَنَّهُ صَغَارٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهُ لَا يُحْقَنُ بِهِ الدَّمُ، الدَّمُ مَحْقُونٌ بِالْإِسْلَامِ، وَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَكِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ وَالْوَرِقِ، وَقَدِ اتَّخَذَ أَرْضَ الْخَرَاجِ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْوَرَعِ وَالدِّينِ، وَكَرِهَهُ قَوْمٌ احْتِيَاطًا\n\n١٨٤٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ: وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنَّ يُؤَدِّيَ خَرَاجًا، وَلَا لِمُشْرِكٍ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ»، إِنَّمَا هُوَ خَرَاجُ الْجِزْيَةِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ الْكِرَاءَ مَا حَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَكَارَى مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ وَلَا غَيْرِهِ شَيْئًا","vol":"13","page":336},{"text":"١٨٤٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوْفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا عَمِّي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِ سُورَةِ بَرَاءَةَ، وَمَا جَرَى فِي الْعَهْدِ الَّذِي كَانَ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ: «وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِمُشْرِكٍ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ، وَلَا يُعْطِي الْمُسْلِمُ الْجِزْيَةَ» ⦗٣٣٨⦘\n\n١٨٤٠٥ - وَهَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ يُؤَكِّدُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ مِنْ أَنَّهُ خَرَاجُ الْجِزْيَةِ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَيْسَ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ ذَلِكَ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ، إِنَّمَا بَلَغَنَا بِإِسْنَادٍ شَامِيٍّ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِمِثْلِهِ صَاحِبُ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَخَذَ أَرْضًا بِجِزْيَتِهَا فَقَدِ اسْتَقَالَ هِجْرَتَهُ»\n\n١٨٤٠٦ - وَاخْتَلَفَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَنْ بَعْدُهُ: مِنْهُمْ مَنِ اتَّخَذَهَا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَرِهَهُ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ أَرْضَ السَّوَادِ صَارَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ بَيْعُهَا، وَإِذَا أَسْلَمَ مَنْ هِيَ فِي يَدِهِ لَمْ يَسْقُطْ خَرَاجُهَا\n\n١٨٤٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ ﵄ أَنَّهُمَا دَفَعَا إِلَى مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْخَرَاجِ أَسْلَمَ أَرْضَهُ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ مَا كَانَ يُؤَدِّي وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ وَأَبِي عَوْنٍ، وَقَدْ","vol":"13","page":337},{"text":"١٨٤٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَسْلَمَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَهَرِ الْمَلِكِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ، أَوْ كَتَبَ عُمَرُ:  «إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ أَرْضَهَا وَأَدَّتْ مَا عَلَى أَرْضِهَا فَخَلُّوا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَرْضِهَا، وَإِلَّا خَلُّوا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَرْضِهِمْ»","vol":"13","page":338},{"text":"١٨٤٠٩ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ دِهْقَانٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ عَيْنِ كَذَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: «أَمَّا جِزْيَةُ رَأْسِكَ فَنَرْفَعُهَا ⦗٣٣٩⦘، وَأَمَّا أَرْضُكَ فَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَرَضْنَا لَكَ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ جَعَلْنَاكَ قَهْرَمَانًا لَنَا، فَمَا أَخْرَجَ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَتَيْتَنَا بِهِ»\n\n١٨٤١٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبَّادٍ، عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ، وَهِيَ الرِّوَايَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ﵁ قَالَ لِلرَّفِيلِ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ: إِنْ شِئْتَ دَفَعْنَا لَكَ أَرْضَكَ فَأَدَّيْتَ عَنْهَا مَا كُنْتَ تُؤَدِّي\n\n١٨٤١١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ عَمِيلَةَ، أَنَّ الرَّفِيلَ أَسْلَمَ فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ لِعُمَرَ: دَعْ أَرْضِي فِي يَدِي أُعَمِّرْهَا وَأُعَالِجْهَا وَأُؤَدِّ عَلَيْهَا مَا كُنْتُ أُؤَدِّي عَنْهَا، فَفَعَلَ\n\n١٨٤١٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ، وَعَلِيُّ إِذَا أَسْلَمَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ تَرَكَاهُ يَقُومُ بِخَرَاجِهِ فِي أَرْضِهِ\n\n١٨٤١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالذِّمِّيُّ الْمُصَالَحُ عَنِ الْأَرْضِ خِلَافٌ لِلذِّمِّيِّ، وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا الْعُشْرَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٨٤١٤ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ قَبْلَ هَذَا حَدِيثَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ: «لَهُمْ مَا أَسْلَمُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَرْضِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَفِي أَرْضِهِمُ الْعُشْرُ»\n\n١٨٤١٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ: «لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"13","page":338},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1261>الْأُسَارَى يَسْتَعِينُ بِهِمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَى قِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":340},{"text":"١٨٤١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" قَدْ قِيلَ: يُقَاتِلُونَهُمْ \"\n\n١٨٤١٧ - قَدْ قَاتَلَ الزُّبَيْرُ وَأَصْحَابٌ لَهُ بِبِلَادِ الْحَبَشَةِ مُشْرِكِينَ عَنْ مُشْرِكِينَ\n\n١٨٤١٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَوْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: يُمْنَعُ عَنْ قِتَالِهِمْ لِمَعَانِيَ ذَكَرَهَا كَانَ مَذْهَبًا\n\n١٨٤١٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَا نَعْلَمُ خَبَرَ الزُّبَيْرِ يَثْبُتُ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ كَانَ النَّجَاشِيُّ مُسْلِمًا كَانَ آمَنَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَصَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَيْهِ \"\n\n١٨٤٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: النَّجَاشِيُّ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الزُّبَيْرِ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْأَحْكَامِ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْخُمُسِ وَالْجِزْيَةِ الَّتِي لِأَجْلِهَا اسْتَحَبَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَنْ لَا يُقَاتِلُوا إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَكْرِهُوهُمْ عَلَى قِتَالِهِمْ","vol":"13","page":340},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1262>الْأَسِيرُ يُؤْخَذُ عَلَيْهِ الْعَهْدُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِفِدَاءٍ، أَوْ يَعُودَ فِي إِسَارِهِمْ</span>","vol":"13","page":341},{"text":"١٨٤٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ: \" لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَعُودَ فِي إِسَارِهِمْ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِلْإِمَامِ إِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعُودَ أَنْ يَدَعَهُ وَالْعَوْدَةَ\n\n١٨٤٢٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْمَالِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ إِذَا كَانَ بِغَيْرِ إِكْرَاهٍ\n\n١٨٤٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّمَا أَطْرَحُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا اسْتَكْرَهُوهُ عَلَيْهِ \" ⦗٣٤٢⦘\n\n١٨٤٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَالثَّوْرِيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: «لَا يَعُودُ فِي إِسَارِهِمْ، وَيَفِي لَهُمْ بِالْمَالِ»\n\n١٨٤٢٥ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنْ أَرَادَ الْعَوْدَةَ مَنَعَهُ السُّلْطَانُ الْعَوْدَةَ\n\n١٨٤٢٦ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ هُرْمُزَ: يُحْبَسُ لَهُمْ بِالْمَالِ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: يَفِي لَهُمْ، وَلَا يَحْبِسُونَهُ، وَلَا يَكُونُ كَدُيُونِ النَّاسِ\n١٨٤٢٧ - وَرُوِيَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، «يَعُودُ فِي إِسَارِهِمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِهِمُ الْمَالَ»\n\n١٨٤٢٨ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ،\n\n١٨٤٢٩ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ هُرْمُزَ، خِلَافُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ الْأُولَى\n\n١٨٤٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ ذَهَبَ مَذْهَبَ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَمَنْ قَالَ قَوْلَهُ، فَإِنَّمَا يَحْتَجُّ فِيمَا أُرَاهُ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ أَنَّهُ رُوِيَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَالَحَ أَهْلَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ مَنْ جَاءَهُ مِنْهُمْ بَعْدَ الصُّلْحِ مُسْلِمًا، فَجَاءَهُ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ فَرَدَّهُ إِلَى أَبِيهِ، وَأَبُو بَصِيرٍ فَرَدَّهُ، فَقَتَلَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ الْمَرْدُودَ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ جَاءَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: قَدْ وَفَّيْتَ لَهُمْ وَنَجَّانِي اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَعِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ وَتَرَكَهُ، فَكَانَ بِطَرِيقِ الشَّامِ يَقْطَعُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَالٍ لِقُرَيْشٍ حَتَّى سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَضُمَّهُ إِلَيْهِ لِمَا نَالَهُمْ مِنْ أَذَاهُ ⦗٣٤٣⦘\n\n١٨٤٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فِي قِصَّةِ صُلْحِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ\n\n١٨٤٣٢ - وَسَيَرِدُ كَلَامُ الشَّافِعِيِّ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ","vol":"13","page":341},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1263>مَا لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْأَسِيرِ فِي مَالِهِ، أَوْ مَنْ قُدِّمَ لِيُقْتَلَ، وَالرَّجُلُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ</span>","vol":"13","page":344},{"text":"١٨٤٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ مُسْرِفًا، قَدَّمَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَمْعَةَ يَوْمَ الْحَرَّةِ لِيَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ، فَطَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا، فَسَأَلُوا أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ فَقَالُوا: «لَهَا نِصْفُ الصَّدَاقِ، وَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهَا»","vol":"13","page":344},{"text":"١٨٤٣٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ، أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عَامَّةَ صَدَقَاتِ الزُّبَيْرِ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا وَفَعَلَ أُمُورًا وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ عَلَى ظَهْرِ فَرَسِهِ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ\n\n١٨٤٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «إِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ فَرَسِهِ يُقَاتِلُ فَمَا صَنَعَ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ» ⦗٣٤٥⦘\n\n١٨٤٣٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، \": عَطِيَّةُ الْحُبْلَى جَائِزَةٌ حَتَّى تَجْلِسَ بَيْنَ الْقَوَابِلِ \"\n\n١٨٤٣٧ - وَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: «عَطِيَّةُ الْحَامِلِ جَائِزَةٌ»\n\n١٨٤٣٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَقُولُ\n\n١٨٤٣٩ - وَيَجُوزُ لِلْأَسِيرِ فِي بِلَادِ الْعَدُوِّ مَا صَنَعَ فِي مَالِهِ فِي بِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَإِنْ قُدِّمَ لِيُقْتَلَ مَا لَمْ يَنَلْهُ ضَرْبٌ يَكُونُ مَرَضًا وَعَطِيَّةُ رَاكِبِ الْبَحْرِ جَائِزَةٌ مَا لَمْ يَصِرْ إِلَى الْغَرَقِ أَوْ شِبْهِ الْغَرَقِ\n\n١٨٤٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «عَطِيَّةُ الْحَامِلِ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ، وَعَطِيَّةُ الْأَسِيرِ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ» وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n١٨٤٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ يَجُوزُ إِلَّا وَاحِدٌ مِنْ هَذَيْنِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٤٤٢ - قَالَ قَائِلٌ فِي الْحُبْلَى: عَطِيَّتُهَا جَائِزَةٌ حَتَّى تُتِمَّ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَتَأَوَّلَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿حَمَلَتْ حَمْلًا خَفِيفًا فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٨٩]، وَلَيْسَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَلَمَّا أَثْقَلَتْ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٨٩] دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَرَضٍ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْإِثْقَالُ حُضُورَ الْوِلَادَةِ حِينَ تَجْلِسُ بَيْنَ الْقَوَابِلِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتَ الَّذِي يَتَحَيَّنَانِ فِيهِ قَضَاءَ اللَّهِ وَيَسْأَلَانِهِ أَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُمَا صَالِحًا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ\n\n١٨٤٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ: وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ عَطِيَّةَ الْأَسِيرِ ⦗٣٤٦⦘\n\n١٨٤٤٤ - وَأَمَّا عَطِيَّةُ الْحَامِلِ فَقَدْ حَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ عَطِيَّتَهَا كَعَطِيَّةِ الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٨٤٤٥ - وَكَذَا قَالَ الْحَسَنُ فِي رَاكِبِ الْبَحْرِ\n\n١٨٤٤٦ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: «مَا أَعْطَتْهُ الْحَامِلُ وَالْغَازِي فَهُوَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»","vol":"13","page":344},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1264>مَا جَاءَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِ يَدُلُّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى عَوْرَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":347},{"text":"١٨٤٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا ﵁ يَقُولُ: بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَا وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَالْمِقْدَادُ فَقَالَ: «انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ، فَإِنَّ بِهَا ظَعِينَةً مَعَهَا كِتَابٌ»، فَخَرَجْنَا تُعَادِي بِنَا خَيْلُنَا فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِظَعِينَةٍ فَقُلْنَا: أَخْرِجِي الْكِتَابَ، فَقَالَتْ: مَا مَعِيَ كِتَابٌ، فَقُلْنَا لَهَا: لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أَوْ لَنُلْقِيَنَّ الثِّيَابَ، فَأَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ عُقَاصَتِهَا، فَأَتَيْنَا بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا فِيهِ: مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى أُنَاسٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِمَّنْ بِمَكَّةَ يُخْبِرُ بِبَعْضِ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذَا يَا حَاطِبُ؟»، فَقَالَ: لَا تَعْجَلْ عَلَيَّ إِنِّي كُنْتُ امْرَأً مُلْصَقًا فِي قُرَيْشٍ وَلَمْ أَكُنْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهَا، وَكَانَ مَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ لَهُمْ قَرَابَاتٌ يَحْمُونَ بِهَا قَرَابَاتِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي بِمَكَّةَ قَرَابَةٌ، فَأَحْبَبْتُ إِذْ فَاتَنِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ أَتَّخِذَ عِنْدَهُمْ، وَاللَّهِ مَا فَعَلْتُهُ شَكًّا فِي دِينِي وَلَا رِضًا بِالْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّهُ قَدْ صَدَقَ»، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، دَعْنِي أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَ هَذَا الْمُنَافِقِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: \" إِنَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى ⦗٣٤٨⦘ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ: اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ \"، وَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينُ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١] أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ\n\n١٨٤٤٨ - وَذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ","vol":"13","page":347},{"text":"١٨٤٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «تَجَافَوْا لِذَوِي الْهَيْئَاتِ»، وَقِيلَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ حَدًّا»، كَانَ هَذَا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ ذِي الْهَيْئَةِ، وَقِيلَ بِجَهَالَةٍ، كَمَا كَانَ هَذَا مِنْ حَاطِبٍ بِجَهَالَةٍ، وَكَانَ غَيْرَ مُتَّهَمٍ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يُتَجَافَى لَهُ، وَإِذَا كَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِي الْهَيْئَةِ كَانَ لِلْإِمَامِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، تَعْزِيرُهُ \"","vol":"13","page":348},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1265>صَلَاةُ الْحَرَسِ</span>","vol":"13","page":349},{"text":"١٨٤٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَالْكَلْبِيُّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ وَادِيًا فَقَالَ:  «مَنْ يَحْرُسُنَا فِي هَذَا الْوَادِي اللَّيْلَةَ؟» فَقَالَ رَجُلَانِ: نَحْنُ، فَأَتَيَا رَأْسَ الْوَادِي، وَهُمَا مُهَاجِرِيٌّ وَأَنْصَارِيٌّ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ: أَيُّ اللَّيْلِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ؟ فَاخْتَارَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ وَالْآخَرُ آخِرَهُ، فَنَامَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَقَامَ الْحَارِسُ يُصَلِّي\n\n١٨٤٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ\n\n١٨٤٥٢ - وَمَبْسُوطُ كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ إِذَا لَمْ تَشْغَلْ طَرْفَهُ وَسَمْعَهُ عَنْ رُؤْيَةِ الشَّخْصِ وَسَمَاعِ الْحِسِّ فَالصَّلَاةُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُصَلٍّ حَارِسٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ، فَشُغْلُهُ بِالْحِرَاسَةِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَرَسُ جَمَاعَةً فَيُصَلِّي بَعْضُهُمْ دُونَ بَعْضٍ، فَالصَّلَاةُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا بَقِيَ مَنْ يَحْرُسُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"13","page":349},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1266>بَابُ إِظْهَارِ دِينِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ</span>\n١٨٤٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٣٣]","vol":"13","page":350},{"text":"١٨٤٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا هَلَكَ كِسْرَى فَلَا كِسْرَى بَعْدَهُ، وَإِذَا هَلَكَ قَيْصَرُ فَلَا قَيْصَرَ بَعْدَهُ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَتُنْفِقُونَ كُنُوزَهُمَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗٣٥١⦘\n\n١٨٤٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَلَمَّا أُتِيَ كِسْرَى بِكِتَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَزَّقَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَمَزَّقَ مُلْكُهُ»، وَحَفِظْنَا أَنَّ قَيْصَرَ أَكْرَمَ كِتَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَوَضَعَهُ فِي مِسْكٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «ثَبُتَ مُلْكُهُ»\n\n١٨٤٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَعَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ فَتْحَ فَارِسَ وَالشَّامِ، فَأَغْزَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ الشَّامَ عَلَى ثِقَةٍ مِنْ فَتْحِهَا لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَفَتَحَ بَعْضَهَا وَتَمَّ فَتْحُهَا زَمَانَ عُمَرَ، وَفَتَحَ عُمَرُ الْعِرَاقَ، وَفَارِسَ\n\n١٨٤٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَدْ أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ دِينَهُ الَّذِي بَعَثَ بِهِ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ بِأَنَّ لِكُلِّ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ، وَمَا خَالَفَهُ مِنَ الْأَدْيَانِ بَاطِلٌ، وَأَظْهَرَهُ بِأَنَّ جِمَاعَ الشِّرْكِ دِينَانِ: دِينُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَدِينُ الْأُمِّيِّينَ، فَقَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأُمِّيِّينَ حَتَّى دَانُوا بِالْإِسْلَامِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا، وَقَبِلَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَسَبَى حَتَّى دَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَأَعْطَى بَعْضٌ الْجِزْيَةَ صَاغِرِينَ، وَجَرَى عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُهُ ﷺ وَهَذَا ظُهُورُهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ\n\n١٨٤٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ يُقَالُ: لَيُظْهِرَنَّ اللَّهُ دِينَهُ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ حَتَّى لَا يُدَانَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِهِ، وَذَلِكَ مَتَى شَاءَ اللَّهُ قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَنْتَابُ الشَّامَ انْتِيَابًا كَثِيرًا، وَكَانَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ مَعَاشِهَا مِنْهُ، وَتَأْتِي الْعِرَاقَ، فَيُقَالُ: لَمَّا دَخَلَتْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ ذَكَرَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَوْفَهَا مِنَ انْقِطَاعِ مَعَاشِهَا مِنَ الشَّامِ، وَالْعِرَاقِ إِذَا فَارَقَتِ الْكُفْرَ وَدَخَلَتْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَعَ خِلَافِ مُلْكِ الشَّامِ، وَالْعِرَاقِ لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗٣٥٢⦘: «إِذَا هَلَكَ كِسْرَى فَلَا كِسْرَى بَعْدَهُ»، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِأَرْضِ الْعِرَاقِ كِسْرَى ثَبَتَ لَهُ أَمْرٌ بَعْدَهُ، وَقَالَ: «إِذَا هَلَكَ قَيْصَرُ فَلَا قَيْصَرَ بَعْدَهُ»، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِأَرْضِ الشَّامِ قَيْصَرُ بَعْدَهُ، وَأَجَابَهُمْ عَلَى مَا قَالُوا لَهُ، وَكَانَ كَمَا قَالَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَقَطَعَ اللَّهُ الْأَكَاسِرَةَ عَنِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَفَارِسَ، وَقَيْصَرَ وَمَنْ قَامَ بَعْدَهُ بِالْأَمْرِ بَعْدَهُ عَنِ الشَّامِ\n\n١٨٤٥٩ - وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي كِسْرَى: «مَزَّقَ اللَّهُ مُلْكَهُ»، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ لِلْأَكَاسِرَةِ مُلْكٌ، وَقَالَ فِي قَيْصَرَ: «ثَبُتَ مُلْكُهُ»، فَثَبَتَ لَهُ مُلْكُ بِلَادِ الرُّومِ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ وَتَنَحَّى مُلْكُهُ عَنِ الشَّامِ\n\n١٨٤٦٠ - وَكُلُّ هَذَا مُتَّفِقٌ يُصَدِّقُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا","vol":"13","page":350},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1267>٣٦ - كِتَابُ الْجِزْيَةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":353},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1268>الْأَصْلُ فِيمَنْ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْجِزْيَةُ وَمَنْ لَا تُؤْخَذُ</span>","vol":"13","page":355},{"text":"١٨٤٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: بَعَثَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ وَهُوَ بَلَدُ قَوْمِهِ، وَقَوْمُهُ ⦗٣٥٧⦘ أُمِّيُّونَ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ مَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِمْ مِنَ الْعَجَمِ إِلَّا مَمْلُوكٌ أَوْ مُحَرَّرٌ أَوْ مُخْتَارٌ أَوْ مَنْ لَا يُذْكَرُ\n\n١٨٤٦٢ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ﴾ [الجمعة: ٢]\n\n١٨٤٦٣ - وَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ جِهَادَهُمْ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لِلَّهِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٣٩]\n\n١٨٤٦٤ - فَقِيلَ فِيهِ: فِتْنَةُ شِرْكٍ، وَيَكُونُ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ وَاحِدًا لِلَّهِ، وَذَكَرَ غَيْرَهَا مِنَ الْآيَاتِ\n\n١٨٤٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَجَاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِمَا جَاءَ بِهِ الْقُرْآنُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٣٥٨⦘ قَالَ: \" لَا أَزَالُ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَقَدْ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ \" أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁","vol":"13","page":355},{"text":"١٨٤٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُسَاحِقَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عِصَامٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً قَالَ:  «إِنْ رَأَيْتُمْ مَسْجِدًا أَوْ سَمِعْتُمْ مُؤَذِّنًا فَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَحَدًا»","vol":"13","page":358},{"text":"١٨٤٦٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵄: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ \"؟ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هَذَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا، لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا مِمَّا أَعْطُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٣٥٩⦘.\n\n١٨٤٦٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ أَوْ مَا مَعْنَاهُ.\n\n١٨٤٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، يَعْنِي مَنْ مَنَعَ الصَّدَقَةَ وَلَمْ يَرْتَدَّ،\n\n١٨٤٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا مِثْلُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ قَبْلَهُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مُطْلَقًا، وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مُشْرِكُو أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ\n\n١٨٤٧١ - وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِحَضْرَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَا قُرْبِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا يَهُودَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَ لِلْأَنْصَارِ، وَلَمْ تَكُنِ الْأَنْصَارُ اسْتَجْمَعَتْ أَوَّلَ مَا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِسْلَامًا، فَوَادَعَتْ يَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ تَخْرُجْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ عَدَاوَتِهِ بِقَوْلٍ يَظْهَرُ وَلَا فِعْلٍ، حَتَّى كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ، فَكَلَّمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا بِعَدَاوَتِهِ وَالتَّحْرِيضِ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِالْحِجَازِ عَلِمْتُهُ إِلَّا يَهُودِيُّ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيُّ قَلِيلٌ بِنَجْرَانَ، وَكَانَتِ الْمَجُوسُ بِهَجَرَ وَبِلَادِ الْبَرْبَرِ، وَفَارِسَ نَائِينَ عَنِ الْحِجَازِ دُونَهُمْ مُشْرِكُو أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ كَثِيرٌ ⦗٣٦٠⦘.\n\n١٨٤٧٢ - قَالَ: وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ فَرْضَ قِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَقَالَ: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩]،\n\n١٨٤٧٣ - فَفَرَّقَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ كَمَا شَاءَ لَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِ بَيْنَ قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ، فَفَرَضَ أَنْ يُقَاتَلُوا أَوْ يُسْلِمُوا، وَقِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ أَوْ أَنْ يُسْلِمُوا\n\n١٨٤٧٤ - وَفَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ قِتَالِهِمْ","vol":"13","page":358},{"text":"١٨٤٧٥ - فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ جَيْشًا أَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَمِيرًا وَقَالَ:  «إِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوًّا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ خِلَالٍ - أَوْ ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ، شَكَّ عَلْقَمَةُ - ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ إِنْ هُمْ فَعَلُوا أَنَّ لَهُمُ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَإِنِ اخْتَارُوا الْمَغَانِمَ فِي دَارِهِمْ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ كَمَا يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يُجِيبُوكَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَدَعْهُمْ، وَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ» ⦗٣٦١⦘\n\n١٨٤٧٦ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي عَدَدٌ كُلُّهُمْ ثِقَةٌ، عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ كُلُّهُمْ ثِقَةٌ، لَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا أَنَّ فِيهِمْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ لَا يُخَالِفُهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَشُعْبَةَ","vol":"13","page":360},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1269>مَنْ يَلْحَقْ بِأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ</span>","vol":"13","page":362},{"text":"١٨٤٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «انْتَوَتْ قَبَائِلُ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ وَيُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِ الْفُرْقَانَ، فَدَانَتْ دِينَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n١٨٤٧٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ أُكَيْدِرِ دُومَةَ، وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ مِنْ غَسَّانَ أَوْ كِنْدَةَ\n\n١٨٤٧٩ - وَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ ذِمَّةِ الْيَمَنِ، وَعَامَّتُهُمْ عَرَبٌ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ وَفِيهِمْ عَرَبٌ\n\n١٨٤٨٠ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْجِزْيَةَ لَيْسَتْ عَلَى النَّسَبِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ عَلَى الدِّينِ\n\n١٨٤٨١ - وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ الْمَشْهُورُ عِنْدَ الْعَامَّةِ: أَهْلُ التَّوْرَاةِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، وَالْإِنْجِيلُ مِنَ النَّصَارَى، وَكَانُوا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَأَحَطْنَا بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَزَّلَ كُتُبًا غَيْرَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ\n\n١٨٤٨٢ - قَالَ ﷿: ﴿أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَى﴾ [النجم: ٣٦]،\n\n١٨٤٨٣ - وَقَالَ: ﴿صُحُفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى﴾ [الأعلى: ١٩]\n\n١٨٤٧٨ - فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ صُحُفًا وَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِنَّهُ لَفِي زُبُرِ الْأَوَّلِينَ﴾ [الشعراء: ١٩٦]","vol":"13","page":362},{"text":"١٨٤٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ:  «أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ أُكَيْدِرٍ الْغَسَّانِيِّ، وَيَرْوُونَ أَنَّهُ صَالَحَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ» ⦗٣٦٣⦘\n\n١٨٤٨٦ - وَأَمَّا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ فَقَدْ أَخَذُوا الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ، وَتَنُوخَ، وَبَهْرَا، وَخَلْطٍ مِنْ أَخْلَاطِ الْعَرَبِ، وَهُمْ إِلَى السَّاعَةِ مُقِيمُونَ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ تُضَاعَفْ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ جِزْيَةً، وَإِنَّمَا الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ لَا عَلَى الْأَنْسَابِ\n\n١٨٤٨٧ - وَلَوْلَا أَنْ نَأْثَمَ بِتَمَنِّي بَاطِلٍ وَدِدْنَا أَنَّ الَّذِي قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَأَنْ لَا يَجْرِي صَغَارٌ عَلَى عَرَبِيٍّ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَجَلُّ فِي أَعْيُنِنَا مِنْ أَنْ نُحِبَّ غَيْرَ مَا قَضَى بِهِ\n\n١٨٤٨٨ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنْ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ: فَنَحْنُ كُنَّا عَلَى هَذَا أَحْرَصَ لَوْلَا أَنَّ الْحَقَّ فِي غَيْرِ مَا قَالَ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا أَنْ نَقُولَ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ","vol":"13","page":362},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1270>أَخْذُ الْجِزْيَةِ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ</span>","vol":"13","page":364},{"text":"١٨٤٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ بَجَالَةَ، يَقُولُ: وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ حَتَّى شَهِدَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ\n\n١٨٤٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: حَدِيثُ بَجَالَةَ مُتَّصِلٌ ثَابِتٌ لِأَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا فِي زَمَانِهِ كَاتِبًا لِعُمَّالِهِ،\n\n١٨٤٩١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْحِجَازِ حَدِيثَانِ مُنْقَطِعَانِ بِأَخْذِ الْجِزْيَةِ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ","vol":"13","page":364},{"text":"١٨٤٩٢ - فَذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، ذَكَرَ الْمَجُوسَ فَقَالَ: مَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: أَشْهَدُ لَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «سُنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n١٨٤٩٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: إِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَيَعْنِي فِي أَخْذِ الْجِزْيَةِ، لَا فِي أَنْ نَنْكِحَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَنَأْكُلَ ذَبَائِحَهُمْ\n\n١٨٤٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كَانَ أَرَادَ جَمِيعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ غَيْرَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَقَالَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ: سُنُّوا بِجَمِيعِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَلَكِنْ لَمَّا قَالَ: «سُنُّوا بِهِمْ» فَقَدْ خَصَّهُمْ، وَإِذَا خَصَّهُمْ فَغَيْرُهُمْ مُخَالِفًا لَهُمْ، وَلَا يُخَالِفُهُمْ إِلَّا غَيْرُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ","vol":"13","page":365},{"text":"١٨٤٩٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ مَجُوسِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ «وَأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ أَخَذَهَا مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ\n\n١٨٤٩٦ - زَادَ فِيهِ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ» أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ فَارِسَ ⦗٣٦٦⦘.\n\n١٨٤٩٧ - وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ»، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ السَّوَادِ، وَأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ الْبَرْبَرِ","vol":"13","page":365},{"text":"١٨٤٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «كَانَتِ الْمَجُوسُ يَدِينُونَ غَيْرَ دِينِ أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ، وَيُخَالِفُونَ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي بَعْضِ دِينِهِمْ، وَكَانَ الْمَجُوسُ بِطَرَفٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ لَا يَعْرِفُ السَّلَفُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ مِنْ دِينِهِمْ مَا يَعْرِفُونَ مِنْ دِينِ النَّصَارَى وَالْيَهُودِ حَتَّى عَرَفُوهُ، وَكَانُوا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ»","vol":"13","page":366},{"text":"١٨٤٩٩ - وَذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعْدٍ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمَرْزُبَانِ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ: \" عَلَامَ تُؤْخَذُ الْجِزْيَةُ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ وَلَيْسُوا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ؟ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدُ فَأَخَذَ يُلَبِّبُهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ، تَطْعَنُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعَلَى أَمِيرِ ⦗٣٦٧⦘ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا، وَقَدْ أَخَذُوا مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ، فَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الْقَصْرِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلِيُّ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَالَ: الْبُدَا، فَجَلَسَا فِي ظِلِّ الْقَصْرِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِالْمَجُوسِ: كَانَ لَهُمْ عِلْمٌ يَعْلَمُونَهُ، وَكِتَابٌ يَدْرُسُونَهُ، وَإِنَّ مَلِكَهُمْ سَكِرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ أَوْ أُخْتِهِ، فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا صَحَا جَاءُوا يُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْهُمْ، فَدَعَا أَهْلَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَتَوْهُ قَالَ: تَعْلَمُونَ دِينًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دِينِ آدَمَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ يَنْكِحُ بَنِيهِ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ؟ وَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِ آدَمَ، مَا يَرَغَبُ بِكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ؟ فَبَايَعُوهُ وَقَاتَلُوا الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُمْ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُمْ، فَأَصْبَحُوا وَقَدْ أَسْرَى عَلَى كِتَابِهِمْ فَرُفِعَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، وَذَهَبَ الْعِلْمُ الَّذِي فِي صُدُورِهِمْ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ، وَقَدْ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ \"\n\n١٨٥٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: حَدِيثُ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مُتَّصِلٌ، وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ\n\n١٨٥٠١ - وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلِيًّا أَخْبَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَأْخُذِ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا وَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ، وَلَا مَنْ بَعْدَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ يَجُوزُ أَخْذُ الْجِزْيَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَقَالَ عَلِيُّ: الْجِزْيَةُ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُمْ كَانُوا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا أَهْلَهُ، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مِنْ سَلَفِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَدًا أَجَازَ أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ الْجِزْيَةُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ\n\n١٨٥٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَالصَّوَابُ: عِيسَى بْنُ عَاصِمٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ كَذَا قَالَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ فِيمَا ⦗٣٦٨⦘:\n\n١٨٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الْقَاصِمِيِّ عَنْهُ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى، وَابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَاصِمٍ،\n\n١٨٥٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّيْخَ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، يَقُولُ: تَوَهَّمْتُ أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ، ﵀ أَخْطَأَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَرَأَيْتُ الْحُمَيْدِيَّ تَابَعَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّ الْخَطَأَ مِنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ\n\n١٨٥٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ أَبِي دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: «مَا مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ آخِذٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، غَيْرَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ وَبِشْرِ بْنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ، وَمَا أَعْلَمُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ، حَدِيثًا خَطَأً» ⦗٣٦٩⦘\n\n١٨٥٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْقَزْوِينِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا زُرْعَةَ الرَّازِيَّ، يَقُولُ: مَا عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ حَدِيثٌ غَلَطَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":366},{"text":"١٨٥٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبْزَى، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْمَجُوسِ: «قَدْ كَانُوا أَصْحَابَ كِتَابٍ، وَكَانَتِ الْخَمْرُ قَدْ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ فَتَنَاوَلَهَا مَلِكٌ مِنْ مُلُوكِهِمْ حَتَّى ثَمِلَ مِنْهَا» فَتَنَاوَلَ أُخْتَهُ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ السُّكْرُ نَدِمَ وَقَالَ لَهَا: «وَيْحَكِ مَا الْمَخْرَجُ فِيمَا ابْتُلِيتُ بِهِ؟» فَقَالَتِ: اخْطُبِ النَّاسَ فَقُلْ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَلَّ نِكَاحَ الْأَخَوَاتِ \"\n\n١٨٥٠٨ - وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ مِنِ امْتِنَاعِ النَّاسِ مِنْ قَبُولِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى خَدَّ لَهُمُ الْأُخْدُودَ قَالَ: «فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا مُنْذُ ذَلِكَ يَسْتَحِلُّونَ نِكَاحَ الْأَخَوَاتِ» وَهَذَا فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ الْقُمِّيِّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الدَّامِغَانِيُّ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيِّ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي\n\n١٨٥٠٩ - وَفِيهِ تَأْكِيدٌ لِرِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمَرْزُبَانِ، فَإِنَّ سَعِيدًا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى دِعَامَةٍ، وَقَدْ وَكَّدَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْجَدِيدِ بِمَا ذَكَرَ مَعَهَا\n\n١٨٥١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: ظَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِمَالٍ مِنْ جِزْيَتِهِمْ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُفْرِ مَجُوسٌ.\n\n١٨٥١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَأْتِي ⦗٣٧٠⦘ بِجِزْيَتِهَا، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هُوَ صَالَحَ أَهْلَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، فَقَدِمَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِمَالِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ.\n\n١٨٥١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «كَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ قَبِلَ مِنْهُ، وَمَنْ أَبَى ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُؤْكَلَ لَهُمْ ذَبِيحَةٌ وَلَا تُنْكَحَ لَهُمُ امْرَأَةٌ»\n\n١٨٥١٣ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ يُؤَكِّدُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ فِي نَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبَ وَهَذَا يَرِدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَعَلَى هَذَا عَوَامُّ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ","vol":"13","page":369},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1271>كَمِ الْجِزْيَةُ</span>؟","vol":"13","page":371},{"text":"١٨٥١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩]\n\n١٨٥١٥ - وَكَانَ مَعْقُولًا أَنَّ الْجِزْيَةَ شَيْءٌ يُؤْخَذُ فِي أَوْقَاتٍ، وَكَانَتِ الْجِزْيَةُ مُحْتَمِلَةً لِلْقَلِيلِ وَالْكَثِيرِ\n\n١٨٥١٦ - وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمُبِينَ عَنِ اللَّهِ مَعْنَى مَا أَرَادَ،  «فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جِزْيَةَ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ دِينَارًا فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ، أَوْ قِيمَتَهُ مِنَ الْمَعَافِرِيِّ وَالثِّيَابِ»\n\n١٨٥١٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ مِنْ أَهْلِ أَيْلَةَ، وَمِنْ نَصَارَى بِمَكَّةَ: دِينَارًا عَنْ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ وَأَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ كِسْوَةً، وَلَا أَدْرِي مَا غَايَةُ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ،\n\n١٨٥١٨ - وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ قِيمَةَ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ دِينَارٍ وَأَخَذَهَا مِنْ أُكَيْدِرٍ، وَمِنْ مَجُوسِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ، لَا أَدْرِي كَمْ غَايَةُ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا حَكَى عَنْهُ قَطُّ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَقَلَّ مِنْ دِينَارٍ","vol":"13","page":371},{"text":"١٨٥١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ: «أَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْكُمْ دِينَارًا كُلَّ سَنَةٍ، أَوْ قِيمَتَهُ مِنَ الْمَعَافِرِ»، يَعْنِي أَهْلَ الذِّمَّةِ مِنْهُمْ","vol":"13","page":372},{"text":"١٨٥٢٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا أَحْفَظُهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ حَسَنٌ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ دِينَارًا كُلَّ سَنَةٍ، فَقُلْتُ لِمُطَرِّفِ بْنِ مَازِنٍ: فَإِنَّهُ يُقَالُ: وَعَلَى النِّسَاءِ أَيْضًا، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَخَذَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ ثَابِتًا عِنْدَنَا","vol":"13","page":372},{"text":"١٨٥٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: فَسَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، وَعَدَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، فَكُلُّهُمْ حَكَى لِي عَنْ عَدَدٍ مَضُوا قَبْلَهُمْ، يَحْكُونَ عَنْ عَدَدٍ مَضُوا قَبْلَهُمْ كُلُّهُمْ ثِقَةٌ، \" أَنَّ صُلْحَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَهُمْ كَانَ لِأَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ عَلَى دِينَارٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ، وَلَا يُثْبِتُونَ أَنَّ النِّسَاءَ كُنَّ فِيمَنْ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْجِزْيَةُ\n\n١٨٥٢٢ - وَقَالَ عَامَّتُهُمْ: وَلَمْ تُؤْخَذْ مِنْ زُرُوعِهِمْ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ زُرُوعٌ، وَلَا مِنْ مَوَاشِيهِمْ شَيْئًا عَلِمْنَاهُ\n\n١٨٥٢٣ - وَقَالَ لِي بَعْضُهُمْ: قَدْ جَاءَنَا بَعْضُ الْولَاةِ فَخَمَّسَ زُرُوعَهُمْ، أَوْ أَرَادَهَا، فَأُنْكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٨٥٢٤ - وَكُلُّ مَنْ وَصَفْتُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ عَامَّةَ ذِمَّةِ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ حِمْيَرَ ⦗٣٧٣⦘\n\n١٨٥٢٥ - قَالَ: وَسَأَلْتُ عَدَدًا كَبِيرًا مِنْ ذِمَّةِ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ، وَكُلُّهُمْ أَثْبَتَ لِي، لَا يَخْتَلِفُ قَوْلُهُمْ - أَنَّ مُعَاذًا أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ دِينَارًا عَنْ كُلِّ بَالِغٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَسَمُّوا الْبَالِغَ حَالِمًا، قَالُوا: وَكَانَ فِي كِتَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَعَ مُعَاذٍ: أَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا","vol":"13","page":372},{"text":"١٨٥٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ أَمْرِ مُعَاذٍ مُوَافِقٌ لِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ قَالَ: «بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا أَوْ عِدْلَهُ مَعَافِرَ» وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ\n\n١٨٥٢٧ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ حَدِيثَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ الْأَعْمَشِ","vol":"13","page":373},{"text":"١٨٥٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ⦗٣٧٤⦘، عَنْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَرَبَ عَلَى نَصْرَانِيٍّ بِمَكَّةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: مَوْهِبٌ، دِينَارًا كُلَّ سَنَةٍ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَرَبَ عَلَى نَصَارَى أَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ، وَأَنْ يُضَيِّفُوا مَنْ مَرَّ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثَلَاثًا، وَلَا يَغِشُّوا مُسْلِمًا \"","vol":"13","page":373},{"text":"١٨٥٢٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ، فَضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ\n\n١٨٥٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَحْدَهُ: ثُمَّ صَالَحَ أَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ عَلَى حُلَلٍ يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَيْهِ، فَدَلَّ صُلْحُهُ إِيَّاهُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ الدَّنَانِيرِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ مَا صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ","vol":"13","page":374},{"text":"١٨٥٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ رُوِّينَا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْقُرَشِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «صَالَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ عَلَى أَلْفَيْ حُلَّةٍ، النِّصْفُ فِي صَفَرٍ، وَالنِّصْفُ فِي رَجَبٍ، يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَعَارِيَةٍ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْعًا، وَثَلَاثِينَ فَرَسًا، وَثَلَاثِينَ بَعِيرًا، وَثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْ أَصْنَافِ السِّلَاحِ يَغْزُونَ بِهَا ضَامِنُونَ لَهَا حَتَّى يَرُدُّوهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِنْ كَانَ بِالْيَمَنِ كَيْدٌ، عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُهْدَمَ لَهُمْ بَيْعَةٌ، وَلَا يُخْرَجُ لَهُمْ قَسٌّ، وَلَا يُفْتَنُونَ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثُوا حَدَثًا أَوْ يَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُصَرِّفُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"13","page":374},{"text":"١٨٥٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَصَالَحَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ دَنَانِيرَ «⦗٣٧٥⦘\n\n١٨٥٣٣ - وَرَوَى عَنْهُ بَعْضُ الْكُوفِيِّينَ أَنَّهُ صَالَحَ الْمُوسِرَ مِنْ ذِمَّتِهِمْ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ، وَالْوَسَطُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَالَّذِي دُونَهُ عَلَى اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِمَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الذِّمَّةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا، إِذَا كَانَ الْعَقْدُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مُسَمًّى بِعَيْنِهِ\n\n١٨٥٣٤ - وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ حَدِيثَ رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ السَّهْمِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ،» جَعَلَ عَلَى الْغَنِيِّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ، وَعَلَى الْوَسَطِ أَرْبَعَةً وَعِشْرِينَ، وَعَلَى الْفَقِيرِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا «\n\n١٨٥٣٥ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ» ضَرَبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامْ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ وَمُدَّيْنِ مِنْ قَمْحٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ مِصْرَ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ وَإِرْدَبًّا مِنْ قَمْحٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ \"\n\n١٨٥٣٦ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ شَبَابَةَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ: «وَاللَّهِ لَا تَجْهَدُهُمْ إِنْ أَخَذْتَ مِنْ كُلِّ جَرِيبٍ قَفِيزًا وَدِرْهَمًا، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثَمَانِيَةٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ فَجَعَلَهَا خَمْسِينَ» ⦗٣٧٦⦘\n\n١٨٥٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، كَانَ إِذَا اسْتَغْنَى أَهْلُ السَّوَادِ زَادَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَإِذَا افْتَقَرُوا وَضَعَ عَنْهُمْ\n\n١٨٥٣٨ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ\n\n١٨٥٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ بَعْدَ بَسْطِ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ لَمْ يُصَالِحْ أَهْلَ السَّوَادِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَّا أَهْلَ الْحِيرَةِ فَإِنَّهُمْ صُولِحُوا عَلَى شَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ، صَالَحَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَلَمْ يَزِدْ فِيهِ وَلَمْ يَنْقُصْ مِنْهُ","vol":"13","page":374},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1272>الضِّيَافَةُ فِي الصُّلْحِ</span>","vol":"13","page":377},{"text":"١٨٥٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَرْوُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَصَارَى أَيْلَةَ جِزْيَةً دِينَارًا عَلَى كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ، وَضِيَافَةَ مَنْ مَرَّ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَتِلْكَ زِيَادَةٌ عَلَى الدِّينَارِ، فَإِنْ بَذَلَ أَهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ دِينَارٍ بَالِغًا مَا بَلَغَ كَانَ الِازْدِيَادُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ \"\n\n١٨٥٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ صَالَحَ عُمَرُ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ دَنَانِيرَ وَضِيَافَةٍ","vol":"13","page":377},{"text":"١٨٥٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، «ضَرَبَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَرْزَاقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَضِيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ»\n١٨٥٤٣ - سَقَطَ مِنْ مَتْنِ الْحَدِيثِ: وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ أَرْزَاقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَضِيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ\n\n١٨٥٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِتَمَامِهِ\n\n١٨٥٤٥ - وَكَلَامُ الشَّافِعِيِّ بَعْدَ هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ رَوَاهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فَسَقَطَ مِنْ بَعْضِ الرُّوَاةِ إِلَيْهِ ⦗٣٧٨⦘\n١٨٥٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ «ضَرَبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْيُسْرِ، وَعَلَى الْأَوْسَاطِ أَرْبَعَةً وَعِشْرِينَ، وَعَلَى مَنْ دُونِهِمَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا»\n\n١٨٥٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا فِي الدَّرَاهِمْ أَشْبَهُ بِمَذْهَبِ عُمَرَ لِأَنَّهُ عَدَلَ الدَّرَاهِمَ فِي الدِّيَةِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا بِدِينَارٍ","vol":"13","page":377},{"text":"١٨٥٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّبٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ ضِيَافَةَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَمَنْ حَبَسَهُ مَرَضٌ أَوْ مَطَرٌ أَنْفَقَ مِنْ مَالِهِ \"\n\n١٨٥٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ أَسْلَمَ بِضِيَافَةِ ثَلَاثٍ أَشْبَهُ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ الضِّيَافَةَ ثَلَاثًا، وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَعَلَهَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ ثَلَاثًا، وَعَلَى قَوْمٍ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى الْآخَرِينَ ضِيَافَةً، كَمَا يَخْتَلِفُ صُلْحُهُ لَهُمْ، فَلَا يَرُدُّ بَعْضُ الْحَدِيثِ بَعْضًا\n\n١٨٥٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الضِّيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ، فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ»","vol":"13","page":378},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1273>مَنْ تُرْفَعُ عَنْهُ الْجِزْيَةُ</span>؟","vol":"13","page":379},{"text":"١٨٥٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَعْدَ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِالْكِتَابِ: وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ وَلَا الْوِلْدَانِ وَسِبَاهُمْ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ دَلِيلًا عَلَى خِلَافٍ بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَالرِّجَالِ، وَلَا جِزْيَةَ عَلَى مَن لَمْ يَبْلُغْ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ، وَلَا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَا جِزْيَةَ عَلَى مَغْلُوبٍ عَلَى عَقْلِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهُ لَا دِينَ لَهُ يُمْسَكُ بِهِ وَتَرَكَ لَهُ الْإِسْلَامَ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَا جِزْيَةَ عَلَى مَمْلُوكٍ»\n\n١٨٥٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كَتَبَ: «أَنْ لَا تُؤْخَذَ الْجِزْيَةُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ»\n\n١٨٥٥٣ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ: «أَنْ لَا يَأْخُذُوا الْجِزْيَةَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، وَلَا يَأْخُذُوهَا إِلَّا مِمَّنْ جَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُوسَى»","vol":"13","page":379},{"text":"١٨٥٥٤ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ وَيَعْلَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ يَعْلَى: عَنْ مُعَاذٍ، وَقَالَ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ: «إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ مُعَاذًا فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا، أَوْ عِدْلَهُ مَعَافِرِيًّا»\n\n١٨٥٥٥ - وَحَدِيثُ مُعَلَّى عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ\n\n١٨٥٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ فَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُ فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ\n\n١٨٥٥٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ يَعْلَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ ابْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُعَاذٌ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٨٥٥٨ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ فِيَ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي عِنْدَهُمْ، وَهُوَ الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: «وَعَلَى كُلِّ حَالِمٍ، ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى، حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ، دِينَارًا وَافِيًا، أَوْ عِوَضَهُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ»، فَحَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْمَوْصُولَةِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n١٨٥٥٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، حِكَايَةً عَنْ كِتَابٍ، كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، فَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمَا مَا يَشُدُّهُمَا","vol":"13","page":380},{"text":"١٨٥٦٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَمْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ «أَنْ لَا يَضْرِبُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، وَلَا يَضْرِبُوهَا إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ جَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُوسَى وَتُخْتَمَ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"13","page":380},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1274>الشَّرْطُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":381},{"text":"١٨٥٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «إِذَا أَرَادَ الْإِمَامُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كِتَابَ صُلْحٍ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ كَتَبَ، فَحَكَيَا الْكِتَابَ»\n\n١٨٥٦٢ - وَقَدْ نَقَلَهُ إِلَى الْمَبْسُوطِ وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ: عَلَى أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ إِنْ ذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ أَوْ دِينَهُ بِمَا لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَذْكُرَهُ بِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ ذِمَّةُ اللَّهِ ﷿، وَعَلَى أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ رِجَالِهِمْ إِنْ أَصَابَ مُسْلِمَةً بِزِنًا، وَذَكَرَ أَشْيَاءَ فِي مَعْنَى هَذَا، فَقَدْ نَقْضَ عَهْدَهُ، وَعَلَى أَنْ لَيْسَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُظْهِرُوا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْصَارِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الصَّلِيبَ، وَلَا تَغْلِبُوا بِالشِّرْكِ، وَلَا تَبْنُوا كَنِيسَةً، وَلَا تَضْرِبُوا بِنَاقُوسٍ، وَسَاقَ الْكِتَابَ\n\n١٨٥٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، «أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً كَانَتْ تَشْتُمُ النَّبِيَّ وَتَقَعُ فِيهِ فَخَنَقَهَا رَجُلٌ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ، فَأَبْطَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَمَهَا»\n\n١٨٥٦٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ السِّيرَةِ عِنْدَنَا: ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِمَّنْ رَوَى السِّيرَةَ، أَنَّ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُوَادَعَةٌ وَعَهْدٌ، فَأَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَى صَائِغٍ مِنْهُمْ لِيَصُوغَ لَهَا حُلِيًّا، وَكَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ مُعَادِيَةً لِلْأَنْصَارِ ⦗٣٨٢⦘، فَلَمَّا جَلَسَتْ عِنْدَ الصَّائِغِ عَمَدَ إِلَى بَعْضِ حَدَائِدِهِ، فَشَدَّ بِهِ أَسْفَلَ ذَيْلِهَا وَجَيْبَهَا وَهِيَ لَا تَشْعُرُ، فَلَمَّا قَامَتْ وَهِيَ فِي سُوقِهِمْ نَظَرُوا إِلَيْهَا مُنْكَشِفَةً، فَجَعَلُوا يَضْحَكُونَ مِنْهَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَنَابَذَهُمْ وَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ نَقْضًا لِلْعَهْدِ»\n\n١٨٥٦٥ - قَالَ فِي قِصَّةِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ حِينَ جَلَاهُمْ: وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ أَتَاهُمْ فِي عَقْلِ الْكِلَابِيَّيْنِ، ائْتَمَرُوا أَنْ يُلْقُوا عَلَيْهِ حَجَرًا مِنْ فَوْقِ بَيْتٍ، فَأَطْلَعَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى خِيَانَتِهِمْ وَمَا أَرَادُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَحَارَبَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَجْلَاهُمْ\n\n١٨٥٦٦ - وَمَا صَنَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁ فِي الْيَهُودِيِّ الَّذِي اسْتَكْرَهَ الْمَرْأَةَ فَوَطَأَهَا، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَصُلِبَ وَقَالَ: مَنْ فَعَلَ مِنْهُمْ هَذَا فَلَا عَهْدَ لَهُ\n\n١٨٥٦٧ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَشْوَعَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ يَهُودِيًّا نَخَسَ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَهِيَ عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَلَمْ تَقَعْ، ثُمَّ حَثَى عَلَيْهَا التُّرَابَ يُرِيدُهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهَا، فَضَرَبَهُ عَوْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، فَأَتَى الْيَهُودِيُّ عُمَرَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَقَالَ: «هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمُ لَهُمْ عَهْدٌ مَا وَفَّوْا، فَإِذَا بَدَّلُوا فَلَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ»","vol":"13","page":381},{"text":"١٨٥٦٨ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَقَدْ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يَحْيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيْنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابٍ ﵁: «أَنْ أَدِّبُوا الْخَيْلَ وَلَا يُرْفَعَنَّ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْكُمُ الصَّلِيبُ، وَلَا يُجَاوِرَنَّكُمُ الْخَنَازِيرُ»\n\n١٨٥٦٩ - ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ\n\n١٨٥٧٠ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: أَلَّا يُظْهِرُوا الْخَمْرَ\n\n١٨٥٧١ - قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: فَرَأَيْتُ قَوْمًا تَعَدَّوْا فِي حَمْلِهَا فَحُرِقَتْ زِقَاقُهُمْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ: وَأَنْ يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ هَيْئَاتِهِمْ فِي الْمَلْبَسِ وَالْمَرْكَبِ وَبَيْنَ هَيْئَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَنْ يَعْقِدُوا الزَّنَانِيرَ فِي أَوْسَاطِهِمْ\n\n١٨٥٧٢ - وَهَذَا لِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَجْنَادِ: «أَنِ اخْتِمُوا رِقَابَ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ»\n\n١٨٥٧٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَجْنَادِ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَخْتِمُوا فِي رِقَابِ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ بِالرَّصَاصِ، وَيُصْلِحُوا مَنَاطِقَهُمْ يَعْنِي بِالزَّنَانِيرِ، وَيَجِزُّوا نَوَاصِيَهُمْ، وَيَرْكَبُوا عَلَى الْأُكُفِّ عَرْضًا، وَلَا يَتَشَبَّهُوا بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي رُكُوبِهِمْ","vol":"13","page":383},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1275>الْوَصَاةُ بِأَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ خَيْرًا</span>\n١٨٥٧٤ - رَوَيْنَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أُوصِي الْخَلِيفَةَ مِنْ بَعْدِي بِأَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ خَيْرًا، أَنْ يُوفِيَ لَهُمْ بِعَهْدِهِمْ، وَأَنْ يُقَاتِلَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ، وَأَنْ لَا يُكَلَّفُوا فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهِمْ»\n\n١٨٥٧٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِلَّا مَنْ ظَلَمَ مُعَاهَدًا، أَوِ انْتَقَصَهُ أَوْ كَلَّفَهُ فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهِ، أَوْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُ، فَأَنَا حَجِيجُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهَدًا لَهُ ذِمَّةُ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةُ رَسُولِهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ رِيحَ الْجَنَّةِ»","vol":"13","page":384},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1276>سُكْنَى الْحِجَازِ</span>","vol":"13","page":385},{"text":"١٨٥٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ سَأَلَ مَنْ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْجِزْيَةَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَا وَيَجْرِي عَلَيْهِ الْحُكْمُ عَلَى أَنْ يَسْكُنَ الْحِجَازَ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ\n\n١٨٥٧٧ - وَالْحِجَازُ: مَكَّةُ، وَالْمَدِينَةُ، وَالْيَمَامَةُ وَمَخَالِفُهَا كُلُّهَا؛ لِأَنَّ تَرْكَهُمْ سُكْنَى الْحِجَازِ مَنْسُوخٌ\n\n١٨٥٧٨ - وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَثْنَى عَلَى أَهْلِ خَيْبَرَ حِينَ عَامَلَهُمْ فَقَالَ: «أُقِرُّكُمْ مَا أَقَرَّكُمُ اللَّهُ»، ثُمَّ أَمَرَنَا بِإِجْلَائِهِمْ مِنَ الْحِجَازِ\n\n١٨٥٧٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: يَحْتَمِلُ أَمْرُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِإِجْلَائِهِمْ مِنْهَا أَنْ لَا يَسْكُنُوهَا\n\n١٨٥٨٠ - وَيَحْتَمِلُ لَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنْهُ «لَا يَبْقَيَنَّ دِينَانِ بِأَرْضِ الْعَرَبِ» لَا يَبْقَيَنَّ دِينَانِ مُقِيمَانِ ⦗٣٨٦⦘ وَلَوْلَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ وَلِيَ إِخْرَاجَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ بِمَا ثَبَتَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَّ أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَحْتَمِلُ مَا رَأَى عُمَرُ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ مَنْ قَدِمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ تَاجِرًا لَا يُقِيمُ فِيهَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ، لَرَأَيْتُ أَنْ لَا يُصَالَحُوا بِدُخُولِهَا بِكُلِّ حَالٍ\n\n١٨٥٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَانْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ تَرَكَهُ لِشَكٍّ عَرَضَ لَهُ، فَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ «ضَرَبَ لِلْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمَجُوسِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ إِقَامَةَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ يَتَسُوَّقُونَ بِهَا وَيَقْضُونَ حَوَائِجَهُمْ، وَلَا يُقِيمُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ»\n\n١٨٥٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا أَجْلَى أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ بِهَا ذِمَّةٌ وَلَيْسَتِ الْيَمَنُ بِحِجَازٍ","vol":"13","page":385},{"text":"١٨٥٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، مِنْ أَصْلِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَخْرِجُوا الْيَهُودَ، وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ، لَا يَبْقَى فِيهَا إِلَّا مُسْلِمٌ» ⦗٣٨٧⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ\n\n١٨٥٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ: «أَخْرِجُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ»\n\n١٨٥٨٥ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَابْنِ شِهَابٍ مُنْقَطِعًا: «لَا يَبْقَيَنَّ دِينَانِ بِأَرْضِ الْعَرَبِ»\n\n١٨٥٨٦ - وَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَرْضُ الْحِجَازِ خَاصَّةً، لِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ أَجْلَى الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحِجَازِ","vol":"13","page":386},{"text":"١٨٥٨٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ سَمُرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ قَالَ: آخِرُ ⦗٣٨٩⦘ مَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْ أَخْرِجُوا يَهُودَ الْحِجَازِ، وَأَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ، مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ، وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ شَرَّ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَهُمْ مَسَاجِدَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعْدُ بْنُ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٥٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا الرُّسُلُ وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْإِسْلَامَ فَلَا يُمْنَعُونَ مِنَ الْحِجَازِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٦]","vol":"13","page":388},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1277>الذِّمِّيُّ إِذَا اتَّجَرَ فِي غَيْرِ بَلَدِهِ</span>","vol":"13","page":390},{"text":"١٨٥٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ فِيمَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ وَقَّتَهُ، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُكْتَبَ لَهُمْ بَرَاءَةٌ إِلَى مِثْلِهِ مِنَ الْحَوْلِ، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُمْ مَا أَخَذْنَاهُ مِنْهُمْ\n\n١٨٥٩٠ - فَهُوَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَخْذُهُ إِيَّاهُ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى سَبِيلِ صُلْحٍ أَنَّهُمْ إِذَا اتَّجُرُوا أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ\n\n١٨٥٩١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَيُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا أَخَذَ عُمَرُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رُبْعُ الْعُشْرِ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ الْعُشْرُ اتِّبَاعًا لَهُ عَلَى مَا أَخَذَ لَا يُخَالِفُهُ","vol":"13","page":390},{"text":"١٨٥٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «أَمَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنْ آخُذَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رُبُعَ الْعُشْرِ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ نِصْفَ الْعُشْرِ، وَمِمَّنْ لَا ذِمَّةَ لَهُ الْعُشْرَ»","vol":"13","page":390},{"text":"١٨٥٩٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «كَانَ يَأْخُذُ مِنَ النَّبَطِ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ وَالزَّيْتِ نِصْفَ الْعُشْرِ، يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ أَنْ يُكْثِرَ الْحَمْلَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَيَأْخُذُ مِنَ الْقِطْنِيَّةِ الْعُشْرَ»","vol":"13","page":390},{"text":"١٨٥٩٤ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ عَامِلًا مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ عَلَى سُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ،» وَكَانَ يَأْخُذُ مِنَ النَّبَطِ الْعُشْرَ \"\n\n١٨٥٩٥ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَعَلَّ السَّائِبَ حَكَى أَمْرَ عُمَرَ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنَ النَّبَطِ الْعُشْرَ فِي الْقِطْنِيَّةِ كَمَا حَكَى سَالِمٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَلَا يَكُونَانِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ، أَوْ يَكُونُ السَّائِبُ حَكَى الْعُشْرَ فِي وَقْتٍ آخَرَ، فَيَكُونُ أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ مَرَّةً فِي الْحِنْطَةِ وَالزَّيْتِ عُشْرًا وَمَرَّةً نِصْفَ الْعُشْرِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ كُلَّهُ بِصُلْحٍ يُحْدِثُهُ فِي وَقْتٍ بِرِضَاهُ وَرِضَاهُمْ","vol":"13","page":391},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1278>الْمُشْرِكُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْحَرَمَ</span>","vol":"13","page":392},{"text":"١٨٥٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا﴾ [التوبة: ٢٨]، فَسَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُ: الْمَسْجِدُ الْحَرَامُ: الْحَرَمُ\n\n١٨٥٩٧ - وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ الْخَرَاجَ، وَلَا لِمُشْرِكٍ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْحَرَمَ»\n\n١٨٥٩٨ - وَسَمِعْتُ عَدَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي يَرْوُونَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي رِسَالَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا يَجْتَمِعْ مُسْلِمٌ وَمُشْرِكٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا»","vol":"13","page":392},{"text":"١٨٥٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِيمَنْ يُؤَذِّنُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ بِمِنًى أَنْ لَا يَحُجَّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ، وَأَنْ لَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ\n\n١٨٦٠٠ - قَالَ: وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِي الْعَامِ الَّذِي نَبَذَ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا﴾ [التوبة: ٢٨]\n⦗٣٩٣⦘\n\n١٨٦٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَزَادَ: \" وَيَوْمُ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ: يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ","vol":"13","page":392},{"text":"١٨٦٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ يُثَيْعٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَلِيًّا: بَأَيِّ شَيْءٍ بُعِثْتَ؟ قَالَ: \" بِأَرْبَعٍ: أَنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا نَفْسٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ، وَلَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ، وَلَا يَجْتَمِعُ مُسْلِمٌ وَمُشْرِكٌ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا فِي الْحَجِّ، وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَهْدٌ فَعَهْدُهُ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَهْدٌ فَأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ \"","vol":"13","page":393},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1279>الْحَرْبِيُّ إِذَا لَجَأَ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ</span>","vol":"13","page":394},{"text":"١٨٦٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: \" وَلَوْ أَنَّ قَوْمًا مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ لَجَأُوا إِلَى الْحَرَمِ أُخِذُوا كَمَا يُؤْخَذُونَ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَرَمِ، وَحُكِّمَ فِيهِمْ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَغَيْرِهِ كَمَا يُحَكَّمُ فِيمَنْ كَانَ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَرَمِ\n\n١٨٦٠٤ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: وَكَيْفَ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّ الْحَرَمَ لَا يَمْنَعُهُمْ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَكَّةَ: «هِيَ حَرَامٌ بِحَرَامِ اللَّهِ، لَمْ تَحْلِلْ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي، وَلَا تَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدِي، وَلَمْ تَحْلِلْ لِي إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ، وَهِيَ سَاعَتُنَا هَذِهِ»؟\n\n١٨٦٠٥ - قِيلَ: إِنَّمَا مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَحْلِلْ أَنْ تَصُبَّ عَلَيْهَا الْحَرْبَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ كَغَيْرِهَا\n\n١٨٦٠٦ - فَإِنْ قَالَ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتَ؟\n\n١٨٦٠٧ - قِيلَ: أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِنْدَمَا قُتِلَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَخُبَيْبٌ بِقَتْلِ ⦗٣٩٥⦘ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي دَارِهِ بِمَكَّةَ غِيلَةً إِنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَذَا فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ فِيهِ مُحَرَّمَةً، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَمْنَعُ أَحَدًا مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا تَمْنَعُ مِنْ أَنْ تَنْصِبَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَرْبَ كَمَا تَنْصِبُ عَلَى غَيْرِهَا \"","vol":"13","page":394},{"text":"١٨٦٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ الْمِغْفَرُ ⦗٣٩٦⦘، فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ ابْنَ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اقْتُلُوهُ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٨٦٠٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ الْمِغْفَرُ غَيْرَ مُحْرِمٍ\n\n١٨٦١٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَخَذَهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَأَخَذَهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَلَى مَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ","vol":"13","page":395},{"text":"١٨٦١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُطِيعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُطِيعٍ، وَكَانَ مِنْ عُصَاةِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ مِنْ عُصَاةِ قُرَيْشٍ غَيْرُهُ فَسَمَّاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَكَانَ الْعَاصِ مُطِيعًا قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ: «لَا يُقْتَلُ قُرَشِيُّ صَبْرًا بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ»\n\n١٨٦١٢ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: يَعْنِي عَلَى الْكُفْرِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ⦗٣٩٧⦘ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا، فَذَكَرَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"13","page":396},{"text":"١٨٦١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْبَرْصَاءِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تُغْزَى مَكَّةُ بَعْدَ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ أَبَدًا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْفَرَّاءُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"13","page":397},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1280>هَدَايَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":398},{"text":"١٨٦١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُدْعَانَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: أَهْدَى أُكَيْدِرُ دُومَةَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ جُبَّةً فَتَعَجَّبَ النَّاسُ مِنْ حُسْنِهَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لَمَنَادِيلُ سَعْدٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٨٦١٥ - وَالْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٨٦١٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: قَدْ كَانَتِ الْمُلُوكُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ يُهْدُونَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيَقْبَلُ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ أَهْدَى أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَدَمًا فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُ، وَأَهْدَى إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ مَارِيَةَ أُمَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَبِلَهَا، وَغَيْرُهُمَا قَدْ أَهْدَى إِلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ⦗٣٩٩⦘\n\n١٨٦١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، أَنَّ مَلِكَ أَيْلَةَ أَهْدَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَغْلَةً بَيْضَاءَ، فَكَسَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بُرْدَةً\n\n١٨٦١٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ بِلَالٍ فِيمَا أَهْدَى إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَظِيمُ فَدَكٍ مِنْ رَكَائِبَ عَلَيْهِنَّ كِسْوَةٌ وَطَعَامٌ، وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَاقْبِضْهُنَّ وَاقْضِ دَيْنَكَ»، يُرِيدُ مَا اسْتَدَانَ لِأَجْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٨٦١٩ - وَرَوَى ثُوَيْرُ بْنُ أَبِي فَاخِتَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: «أَهْدَى كِسْرَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُ وَأَهْدَى لَهُ الْمُلُوكُ فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُمْ»\n\n١٨٦٢٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَاتِ ثُوَيْرٍ نَظَرٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٦٢١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ قَالَ: أَهْدَيْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «أَسْلَمْتَ؟»، قُلْتُ: لَا قَالَ: «إِنِّي نُهِيتُ عَنْ زَبْدِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ»\n\n١٨٦٢٢ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى التَّنَزُّهِ عَنْهُ، أَوْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَعَلَّهُ يُسْلِمُ لِمَا يَلْحَقُهُ مِنَ الْغَضَاضَةِ بِرَدِّ هَدِيَّتِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":398},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1281>بَابُ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ</span>","vol":"13","page":400},{"text":"١٨٦٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «صَالَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُكَيْدِرًا الْغَسَّانِيَّ، وَكَانَ نَصْرَانِيًّا عَرَبِيًّا، عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ، وَصَالَحَ نَصَارَى نَجْرَانَ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ، فَهُمْ عَرَبٌ وَعَجَمٌ، وَصَالَحَ ذِمَّةَ الْيَمَنِ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ وَفِيهِمْ عَرَبٌ وَعَجَمٌ»\n\n١٨٦٢٤ - وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الْأَخْبَارُ عَنْ عُمَرَ ﵁ فِي نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ مِنْ تَنُوخَ وَبَهْرَاءَ وَبَنِي تَغْلِبَ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ صَالَحَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُضَاعِفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ وَلَا يُكْرَهُوا عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِهِمْ، وَلَا يَصْبُغُوا أَبْنَاءَهُمْ فِي النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، وَعَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْخُذُ جِزْيَتَهُمْ نَعَمًا","vol":"13","page":400},{"text":"١٨٦٢٥ - ثُمَّ رَوَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ بَعْدُ: مَا نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ بِأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، فَذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ الْفَلَحَةِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ أَوِ ابْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ قَالَ: «مَا نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ بِأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَمَا تَحِلُّ لَنَا ذَبَائِحُهُمْ، وَمَا أَنَا بِتَارِكِهِمْ حَتَّى يُسْلِمُوا أَوْ أَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ»\n\n١٨٦٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَأَرَى لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَهَا مِنَ النَّصَارَى مِنَ الْعَرَبِ كَمَا ⦗٤٠١⦘ وَصَفْتُ، فَأَمَّا ذَبَائِحُهُمْ فَلَا أُجِيزُ أَكْلَهَا خَبَرًا عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَنَا نِكَاحُ نِسَائِهِمْ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ لَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ نَزَلَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَجَعَلَهُمْ شَبِيهًا بِالْمَجُوسِ","vol":"13","page":400},{"text":"١٨٦٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ سُفْيَانُ أَوْ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، أَوْ هُمَا، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ السَّلْمَانِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: «لَا تَأْكُلُوا ذَبَائِحَ نَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبَ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَتَمَسَّكُوا مِنْ نَصْرَانِيَّتِهِمْ أَوْ مِنْ دِينِهِمْ إِلَّا بِشُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ»\n\n١٨٦٢٨ - الشَّكُّ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ\n\n١٨٦٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ تَحْرِيمِ الْجَمْعِ، عَنِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَلَمْ يُجَاوِزْ بِهِ عَبِيدَةَ، وَشَكَّ فِي تَبْلِيغِهِ بِهِ عَلِيًّا\n\n١٨٦٣٠ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الضَّحَايَا عَنِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَقَالَ: عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، لَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ\n\n١٨٦٣١ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، فَذَكَرُوهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ وَقَالَ: مِنْ دِينِهِمْ، لَمْ يَشُكَّ\n\n١٨٦٣٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَهُوَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ صَحِيحٌ\n\n١٨٦٣٣ - وَذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ ⦗٤٠٢⦘\n\n١٨٦٣٤ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ بُرْدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نُسَيٍّ، عَنْ غُضَيْفِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي السَّامِرَةِ أَنَّهُمْ يَسْبِتُونَ السَّبْتَ، وَيَقْرَءُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ، وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْبَعْثِ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: «إِنْ كَانُوا يَقْرَءُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ، وَيَسْبِتُونَ السَّبْتَ فَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ»\n\n١٨٦٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ \" سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَبَائِحِ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٥١]","vol":"13","page":401},{"text":"١٨٦٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ \" سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَبَائِحِ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ، فَقَالَ: \" لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا، وَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٥١] \"\n\n١٨٦٣٧ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثًا رَوَاهُ سُرَيْجُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْمُتَوَلِّي لِلْقَوْمِ مِنْهُمْ، فَمَنِ انْتَقَلَ إِلَى الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أُخِذَتْ مِنْهُ الْجِزْيَةُ وَتُؤْكَلُ ذَبِيحَتُهُ»","vol":"13","page":402},{"text":"١٨٦٣٨ - وَقَدْ رَغِبَ عَنْ هَذَا فِي الْجَدِيدِ وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٤٠٣⦘ الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَالَّذِي يُرْوَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَإِحْلَالِ ذَبَائِحِهِمْ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِيهِ ابْنُ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، وَابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ ثَوْرٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَبَائِحِ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ، فَقَالَ قَوْلًا حَكَيَاهُ هُوَ إِحْلَالُهَا، وَتَلَا: \" ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٥١] \"\n\n١٨٦٣٩ - وَلَكِنَّ صَاحِبَنَا سَكَتَ عَنِ اسْمِ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَثَوْرٌ لَمْ يَلْقَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n١٨٦٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يُرِيدُ بِصَاحِبِنَا مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ،\n\n١٨٦٤١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَ فِيهِ عِكْرِمَةَ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ بَالَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ خِدَاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٨٦٤٢ - وَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِرِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ فَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْمَهُ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ، وَهُوَ إِنْ صَحَّ فَقَدْ عَارَضَهُ قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ وَعُمَرَ.\n\n١٨٦٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ الضَّحَايَا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُوَ لَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ الْمَذْهَبُ إِلَى قَوْلِ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ أَوْلَى، وَمَعَهُ الْمَعْقُولُ،\n\n١٨٦٤٤ - فَأَمَّا ﴿مَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٥١] فَمَعْنَاهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ حُكْمِهِمْ","vol":"13","page":402},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1282>الصَّدَقَةُ</span>","vol":"13","page":404},{"text":"١٨٦٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ «صَالَحَ نَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَصْبُغُوا أَبْنَاءَهُمْ، وَلَا يُكْرَهُوا عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِهِمْ، وَأَنْ تُضَاعَفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ»\n\n١٨٦٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ، وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ السَّفَّاحِ، هُوَ ابْنُ مَطَرٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ كُرْدُوسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٨٦٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَصْبُغُوا فِي دِينِهِمْ صَبِيًّا»\n\n١٨٦٤٨ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ كُرْدُوسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n١٨٦٤٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ السَّفَّاحِ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ كُرْدُوسٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ التَّغْلِبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ مَنْ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ شَوْكَتَهُمْ، وَإِنَّهُمْ بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَإِنْ ظَاهَرُوا عَلَيْكَ الْعَدُوَّ وَاشْتَدَّتْ مُؤْنَتُهُمْ، فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُمْ شَيْئًا فَافْعَلْ، قَالَ: فَصَالَحَهُمْ","vol":"13","page":404},{"text":"١٨٦٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَكَذَا حَفِظَ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي وَسَاقُوهُ أَحْسَنَ مِنْ هَذَا السِّيَاقِ فَقَالُوا: رَاضِهِمْ، فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ عَرَبٌ لَا نُؤَدِّي مَا يُؤَدِّي الْعَجَمُ، وَلَكِنْ خُذْ مِنَّا كَمَا يَأْخُذُ بَعْضُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، يَعْنُونَ الصَّدَقَةَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «لَا، هَذَا فَرْضٌ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ»، فَقَالُوا: زِدْ مَا شِئْتَ بِهَذَا الِاسْمِ، لَا بِاسْمِ الْجِزْيَةِ، فَفَعَلَ، فَتَرَاضَى هُوَ وَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ ضَعَّفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ","vol":"13","page":405},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1283>بَابُ الْمُهَادَنَةِ</span>","vol":"13","page":406},{"text":"١٨٦٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «فَرَضَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قِتَالَ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ حَتَّى يُسْلِمُوا، وَأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ»\n\n١٨٦٥٢ - وَقَالَ: ﴿لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٦] \"\n\n١٨٦٥٣ - فَهَذَا فَرْضٌ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا أَطَاقُوهُ فَإِذَا عَجَزُوا عَنْهُ كُلِّفُوا مِنْهُ مَا أَطَاقُوهُ\n\n١٨٦٥٤ - فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَكُفُّوا عَنْ قِتَالِ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ، مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَنْ يُهَادِنُوهُمْ\n\n١٨٦٥٥ - وَقَدْ كَفَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ قِتَالِ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ بِلَا مُهَادَنَةٍ إِذِ انْتَاطَتْ دُورُهُمْ عَنْهُ مِثْلَ: بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، وَرَبِيعَةَ، وَأَسَدٍ، وَطَيِّئٍ، حَتَّى كَانُوا هُمُ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا\n\n١٨٦٥٦ - وَهَادَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَاسًا،\n\n١٨٦٥٧ - وَوَادَعَ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ يَهُودًا عَلَى غَيْرِ خَرْجٍ أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُمْ \"، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":406},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1284>الْمُهَادَنَةُ عَلَى النَّظَرِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ</span>\n١٨٦٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا: قَامَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقُرَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ أَغَارَتْ سَرَايَاهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ حَتَّى تَوَقَّى النَّاسُ لِقَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَوْفًا لِلْحَرْبِ دُونَهُ مِنْ سَرَايَاهُ، وَإِعْدَادِ مَنْ يَعْدِلُهُ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ بِنَجْدٍ، وَمَنَعَتْ مِنْهُ قُرَيْشٌ أَهْلَ تِهَامَةَ، وَمَنَعَ أَهْلُ نَجْدٍ مِنْهُ أَهْلَ نَجْدٍ وَالْمَشْرِقَ\n\n١٨٦٥٩ - ثُمَّ اعْتَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمْرَةَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي أَلْفٍ وَأَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ، فَسَمِعَتْ بِهِ قُرَيْشٌ فَجَمَعَتْ لَهُ، وَجَدَّتْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ، وَلَهُمْ جُمُوعٌ أَكْبَرُ مِمَّنْ خَرَجَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي هُوَ، فَتَدَاعَوَا الصُّلْحَ فَهَادَنَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى مُدَّةٍ، وَلَمْ يُهَادِنْهُمْ عَلَى الْأَبَدِ؛ لِأَنَّ قِتَالَهُمْ حَتَّى يُسْلِمُوا فَرْضٌ عَلَيْهِمْ إِذَا قَوِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَكَانَتِ الْهُدْنَةُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَفَرِهِ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ: ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾ [الفتح: ١]\n\n١٨٦٦٠ - قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَمَا كَانَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَتْحٌ أَعْظَمُ مِنْهُ، وَكَانَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَدْ أَحْجَزَتِ النَّاسَ، فَلَمَّا أَمِنُوا لَمْ يُكَلَّمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ أَحَدٌ يَعْقِلُ إِلَّا قَبِلَهُ، فَلَقَدْ أَسْلَمَ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْهُدْنَةِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"13","page":407},{"text":"١٨٦٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ قَالَ: فَدَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، فَقَالُوا: اذْهَبْ إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَصَالِحْهُ، وَلَا يَكُنْ فِي صُلْحِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَنَّا عَامَهُ هَذَا، لَا يُحَدِّثُ الْعَرَبُ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا عَنْوَةً، فَخَرَجَ سُهَيْلٌ مِنْ عِنْدِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُقْبِلًا قَالَ: «قَدْ أَرَادَ الْقَوْمُ الصُّلْحَ ⦗٤٠٨⦘ حِينَ بَعَثُوا هَذَا الرَّجُلَ»، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا الْقَوْلُ حَتَّى وَقَعَ الصُّلْحُ عَلَى أَنْ تُوضَعَ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمَا عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَأَنْ يَأْمَنَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، وَأَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَنْهُمْ عَامَهُمْ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ قَدِمَهَا خَلُّوا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَكَّةَ، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا ثَلَاثًا، وَأَنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُهَا إِلَّا بِسِلَاحِ الرَّاكِبِ وَالسُّيُوفُ فِي الْقِرَبِ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَتَانَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهِ لَمْ نَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْكَ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَتَاكَ مِنَّا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهِ رَدَدْتَهُ عَلَيْنَا، وَأَنَّ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ عَيْبَةً مَكْفُوفَةً، وَأَنَّهُ لَا إِسْلَالَ وَلَا إِغْلَالَ\n\n١٨٦٦٢ - وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ، وَفِيهِ: ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَاجِعًا، فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةُ الْفَتْحِ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا إِلَى آخِرِهَا: ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾ [الفتح: ١]، وَكَانَتِ الْقِصَّةُ فِي سُورَةِ الْفَتْحِ وَمَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ بَيْعَةِ رَسُولِهِ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ، فَلَمَّا أَمِنَ النَّاسُ وَتَفَاوَضُوا لَمْ يُكَلَّمْ أَحَدٌ بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا دَخَلَ فِيهِ، فَلَقَدْ دَخَلَ فِي تَيْنِكَ السَّنَتَيْنِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا كَانَ دَخَلَ فِيهِ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ صُلْحُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَتْحًا عَظِيمًا\n\n١٨٦٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَجَعْنَا إِلَى إِسْنَادِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ نَقَضَ بَعْضُ قُرَيْشٍ، وَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُهُ، وَلَمْ يَعْتَزِلْ دَارَهُ فَغَزَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ مُخْفِيًا لِوَجْهِهِ، لَيُصِيبَ مِنْهُمْ غِرَّةً\n\n١٨٦٦٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُهَادِنَ عَلَى النَّظَرِ إِلَى غَيْرِ مُدَّةٍ، وَلَكِنْ يُهَادِنُهُمْ عَلَى أَنَّ الْخِيَارَ إِلَيْهِ مَتَى شَاءَ أَنْ يَنْبِذَ إِلَيْهِ نَبْذًا، افْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ⦗٤٠٩⦘ أَمْوَالَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْوَةً، وَكَانَ رِجَالُهَا وَذَرَارِيُّهَا إِلَّا أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ وَاحِدٍ صُلْحًا، فَصَالَحُوهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُقِرَّهُمْ مَا أَقَرَّهُمُ اللَّهُ يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالشَّطْرِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ\n\n١٨٦٦٥ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَفِي هَذَا نَظَرٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، كَانَتْ خَيْبَرُ وَسَطَ مُشْرِكِينَ، وَكَانَتْ يَهُودُ أَهْلَهَا وَمُخَالِفِينَ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ حَوْلَهَا وَأَقْوِيَاءُ عَلَى مَنْعِهَا مِنْهُمْ، وَكَانَتْ وَبِئَةٌ لَا تُوطَأُ إِلَّا مِنْ ضَرُورَةٍ فَكَفَوْهُمُ الْمُؤْنَةَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ كَثْرَةٌ فَيَنْزِلَهَا مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْنَعُهَا، فَلَمَّا كَثُرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِجْلَاءِ يَهُودِ الْحِجَازِ، فَثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ فَأَجْلَاهُمْ\n\n١٨٦٦٦ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَلِمَ لَا يَقُولُ: أُقِرُّكُمْ مَا أَقَرَّكُمُ اللَّهُ؟ قِيلَ: الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَنَّ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ ﷿ كَانَ يَأْتِي رَسُولَهُ بِالْوَحْي، وَلَا يَأْتِي أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ بِوَحْي، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي خِلَالِ مَا نَقَلْتُ، وَإِنَّمَا نَقَلْتُ مَا عَقَلَهُ بِالْخَبَرِ، وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ: «نُقِرُّكُمْ مَا أَقَرَّكُمُ اللَّهُ» فِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٨٦٦٧ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ","vol":"13","page":407},{"text":"١٨٦٦٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، أَجْلَى الْيَهُودَ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحِجَازِ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا ظَهَرَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ أَرَادَ إِخْرَاجَ الْيَهُودِ مِنْهَا، وَكَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ حِينَ ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهَا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَأَرَادَ إِخْرَاجَ الْيَهُودِ مِنْهَا فَسَأَلَتِ الْيَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ يُقِرَّهُمْ بِهَا عَلَى أَنْ يُكْفَوْا عَمَلَهَا وَلَهُمْ نِصْفُ التَّمْرِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نُقِرُّكُمْ ⦗٤١٠⦘ بِهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا شِئْنَا»، فَقُرُّوا بِهَا حَتَّى أَجْلَاهُمْ عُمَرُ فِي إِمَارَتِهِ إِلَى تَيْمَا وَأَرِيحَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n١٨٦٦٩ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنْ غَيْرِ مُوسَى، عَنْ نَافِعٍ","vol":"13","page":409},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1285>مُهَادَنَةُ مَنْ يُقْوَى عَلَى قِتَالِهِ</span>","vol":"13","page":411},{"text":"١٨٦٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" لَمَّا قَوِيَ أَهْلُ الْإِسْلَامِ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ مَرْجِعَهُ مِنْ تَبُوكَ: ﴿بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ [التوبة: ١] فَأَرْسَلَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَقَرَأَهَا عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي الْمَوْسِمِ، وَكَانَ فَرْضًا أَنْ لَا يُعْطِيَ لِأَحَدٍ مُدَّةً بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ؛ لِأَنَّهَا الْغَايَةُ الَّتِي فَرَضَهَا اللَّهُ ﷿، وَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ لَمْ أَعْلَمْهُ زَادَ أَحَدًا بَعْدَ إِذْ قَوِيَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَقِيلَ: كَانَ الَّذِينَ عَاهَدُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَوْمًا مُوَادِعِينَ إِلَى غَيْرِ مُدَّةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ، فَجَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَهَا رَسُولُهُ ﷺ كَذَلِكَ\n\n١٨٦٧١ - وَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فِي قَوْمٍ عَاهَدَهُمْ إِلَى مُدَّةٍ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِمْ مَا اسْتَقَامُوا لَهُ، وَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْهُ خِيَانَةً نَبَذَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْتَأْنِفَ مُدَّةً بَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ، وَبِالْمُسْلِمِينَ قُوَّةٌ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ لِمَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ فَرْضِ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ رَسُولُهُ ﷺ \" قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْرِفُ كَمْ كَانَتْ مُدَّةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمُدَّةُ مَنْ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ إِلَيْهِ عَهْدَهُ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِ \"، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":411},{"text":"١٨٦٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا بَلَغَنِي فِي هَذَا مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ الدَّهَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ اللَّبَّادُ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي التَّفْسِيرِ قَالَ: «أَمَرَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ، فَمَنْ كَانَ عَهْدُهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ أَنْ يُقِرَّهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَمْضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ مِنْ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ، وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهُ لَهُ فَيَجْعَلُهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَهْدٌ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ خَمْسِينَ لَيْلَةً إِلَّا حَيًّا وَاحِدًا مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ ثُمَّ مِنْ بَنِي ضَمْرَةَ، كَانَ بَقِيَ لَهُمْ مِنْ عَهْدِهِمْ تِسْعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ لَمْ يَنْقُضُوهُ، فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ أَنْ يُتِمَّ إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِمْ، وَكَانُوا عَاهَدُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْعُمْرَةِ الَّتِي أُخْلِيَتْ لَهُ فِيهَا مَكَّةُ بَعْدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ بِسَنَةٍ، عَاهَدُوهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامِ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ»\n\n١٨٦٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا خَيْرَ فِي أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ شَيْئًا بِحَالٍ عَلَى أَنْ يَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ، وَاسْتَثْنَى حَالَ الضَّرُورَةِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَدَا رَجُلًا بِرَجُلَيْنِ","vol":"13","page":412},{"text":"١٨٦٧٤ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا بِمَا ذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ إِلَى عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ، وَالْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَائِدَيْ غَطَفَانَ فِي حَرْبِ الْخَنْدَقِ فَأَعْطَاهُمَا ثُلُثَ ثِمَارِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يَرْجِعَا وَمَنْ مَعَهُمَا لِيَكْسِرَ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ شَوْكَتَهُمْ حِينَ رَمْيِهِمُ الْعَرَبَ عَنْ قَوْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ حَتَّى سَمِعَ مِنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ قَوْلَهُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا نُعْطِيهِمْ إِلَّا السَّيْفَ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: «فَأَنْتَ وَذَاكَ»، فَتَنَاوَلَ سَعْدٌ الصَّحِيفَةَ فَمَحَاهَا ⦗٤١٣⦘ وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ عَزِيمَةِ الصُّلْحِ \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ فِي قِصَّةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ","vol":"13","page":412},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1286>جُمَّاعُ الْهُدْنَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ الْإِمَامُ مَنْ جَاءَ بَلَدَهُ مُسْلِمًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":414},{"text":"١٨٦٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ذَكَرَ عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَادَنَ قُرَيْشًا عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْمَنَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، وَأَنَّ مَنْ جَاءَ قُرَيْشًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مُرْتَدًّا لَمْ يَرُدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ جَاءَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْهُمْ رَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِهِمْ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهُمْ مُسْلِمًا إِلَى غَيْرِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي بِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ أَوِ الشِّرْكِ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَادِرًا عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٨٦٧٦ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ أَعْطَاهُمْ فِي مُسْلِمِ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذَا الشَّرْطِ، وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مُهَادَنَتِهِمْ: ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾ [الفتح: ١]، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ: قَضَيْنَا لَكَ قَضَاءً مُبِينًا\n\n١٨٦٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَتَمَّ الصُّلْحُ بَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ عَلَى هَذَا، حَتَّى جَاءَتْهُ أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ مُسْلِمَةً مُهَاجِرَةً، فَنَسَخَ اللَّهُ ⦗٤١٥⦘ الصُّلْحَ فِي النِّسَاءِ وَأَنْزَلَ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مَا أَنْفَقُوا وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقُوا﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]، يَعْنِي الْمُهُورَ إِذَا كَانُوا أَعْطَوْهُنَّ إِيَّاهَا\n\n١٨٦٧٨ - قَالَ: وَجَاءَ أَخَوَاهَا يَطْلُبَانِهَا فَمَنَعَهَمَا مِنْهَا، وَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ نَقَضَ الصُّلْحَ فِي النِّسَاءِ، وَحَكَمَ فِيهِنَّ غَيْرَ حُكْمِهِ فِي الرِّجَالِ\n\n١٨٦٧٩ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا ذَهَبْتُ إِلَى أَنَّ النِّسَاءَ كُنَّ فِي الصُّلْحِ بِأَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ رَدُّهُنَّ فِي الصُّلْحِ، لَمْ يُعْطَ أَزْوَاجُهُنَّ فِيهِنَّ عِوَضًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٦٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَعَ الْآيَةِ فِي بَرَاءَةَ قُلْنَا: إِذَا صَالَحَ الْإِمَامُ عَلَى مَا لَا يَجُوزُ، فَالطَّاعَةُ نَقْضُهُ\n\n١٨٦٨١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَبِهَذَا قُلْنَا: إِذَا ظَفَرَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَخَذُوا عَلَيْهِ عُهُودًا وَأَيْمَانًا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ أَوْ يَبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِكَذَا، فَحَلَالٌ أَنْ لَا يُعْطِيَهُمْ قَلِيلًا وَلَا كَثِيرًا؛ لِأَنَّهَا أَيْمَانٌ مُكْرَهَةٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ أَعْطَى الْإِمَامُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنْ جَاءَهُ ⦗٤١٦⦘\n\n١٨٦٨٢ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا؟ قِيلَ لَهُ: لَمْ يَمْنَعْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا بَصِيرٍ مِنْ وَلِيِّهِ حِينَ جَاءَاهُ فَذَهَبَا بِهِ، فَقَتَلَ أَحَدَهُمَا، وَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ الْآخَرُ، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَلْ قَالَ قَوْلًا يُشْبِهُ التَّحْسِينَ لَهُ\n\n١٨٦٨٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: حَالُ الْأَسِيرِ وَأَمْوَالُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي أَيْدِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ خِلَافُ مَا أَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَهْلَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مِنْ رَدِّ رِجَالِهِمُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَبْنَاؤُهُمْ وَإِخْوَتُهُمْ وَعَشَائِرُهُمُ الْمَمْنُوعُونَ مِنْهُمْ وَمِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ أَنْ يُنَالُوا بِتَلَفٍ\n\n١٨٦٨٤ - فَإِنْ ذَهَبَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَدِّ أَبِي جَنْدَلِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ إِلَى أَبِيهِ، وَعَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ بِمَا أَعْطَاهُمْ قِيلَ لَهُ: آبَاؤُهُمْ وَأَهْلُوهُمْ أَشْفَقُ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَحْرَصُهُ عَلَى سَلَامَتِهِمْ، وَلَعَلَّهُمْ كَانُوا سَيَقُونَهُمْ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ مِمَّا يُؤْذِيهِمْ، فَضْلًا عَنْ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مُهْتَمِّينَ عَلَى أَنْ يَنَالُوهُمْ بِتَلَفٍ، أَوْ أَمْرٍ لَا يَحْتَمِلُونَهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ، وَإِنَّمَا نَقَمُوا مِنْهُمْ ⦗٤١٧⦘ خِلَافَهُمْ دِينَهُمْ وَدِينَ آبَائِهِمْ، وَكَانُوا يُشَدِّدُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَتْرُكُوا دِينَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَقَدْ وَضَعَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمُ الْمَأْثَمَ فِي الْإِكْرَاهِ فَقَالَ: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ [النحل: ١٠٦]\n\n١٨٦٨٥ - وَمَنْ أَسَرَ مُسْلِمًا مِنْ غَيْرِ قَبِيلَتِهِ أَوْ قَرَابَتِهِ فَقَدْ يَقْتُلُهُ بِأَلْوَانِ الْقَتْلِ وَيَبْلُوهُ بِالْجُوعِ وَالْجَهْدِ، وَلَيْسَ حَالُهُمْ وَاحِدَةً وَيُقَالُ لَهُ أَيْضًا: أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ نَقَضَ الصُّلْحَ فِي النِّسَاءِ إِذْ كُنَّ إِذَا أُرِيدَتْ بِهِنَّ الْفِتْنَةُ ضَعُفْنَ عَنْ عَرْضِهَا عَلَيْهِنَّ، أَوْ لَمْ يَفْهَمْنَ فَهْمَ الرِّجَالَ بِأَنَّ التَّقِيَّةَ تَسَعُهُنَّ فِي إِظْهَارِ مَا أَرَادَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ، وَكَانَ فِيهِنَّ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُنَّ أَزْوَاجُهُنَّ وَهُنَّ حَرَامٌ، فَأَسْرَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي أَكْثَرِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْحَالِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الرِّجَالَ لَيْسَ مِمَّنْ يُنْكَحُ، وَرُبَّمَا كَانَ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٦٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا نَقَلْتُ كَلَامَ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِي الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ حَالِ أَبِي جَنْدَلٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ حَيْثُ شَرَطَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصُّلْحِ رَدَّهُمْ وَوَفَّى بِمَا شَرَطَ، وَحَالُ غَيْرِهِمْ مِمَّا لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ حَيْثُ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ عَشِيرَةٌ وَمَنَعَةٌ لِغَلَطِ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي جَنْدَلٍ\n\n١٨٦٨٧ - وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا يَذْهَبُ فِي الْأَسِيرِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يُيَسَّرُ لَهُ مَا شَرَطُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَالِ، وَإِلَّا رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ","vol":"13","page":414},{"text":"١٨٦٨٨ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِحَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ فِي أَمْرِ أَبِي جَنْدَلٍ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ ⦗٤١٨⦘ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ، وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ، يُخْبِرَانِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا كَاتَبَ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو يَوْمَئِذٍ كَانَ فِيمَا اشْتَرَطَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَأْتِيكَ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِكَ، إِلَّا رَدَدْتَهُ إِلَيْنَا فَخَلَّيْتَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ، فَكَرِهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ذَلِكَ وَأَلْغَطُوا بِهِ وَأَبَى سُهَيْلٌ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ، \" فَكَاتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرَدَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ إِلَى أَبِيهِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَلَمْ يَأْتِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ إِلَّا رَدَّهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْمُدَّةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا، وَجَاءَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ مِمَّنْ خَرَجَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهِيَ عَاتِقٌ، فَجَاءَ أَهْلُهَا يَسْأَلُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُرْجِعُهَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يُرْجِعْهَا إِلَيْهِمْ لِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٌ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠] \" أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ\n\n١٨٦٨٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ: فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَأْتِيَكَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِكَ، إِلَّا رَدَدْتَهُ إِلَيْنَا،\n\n١٨٦٩٠ - فَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ النِّسَاءَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْنَ فِي الصُّلْحِ احْتَجَّ بِهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ","vol":"13","page":417},{"text":"١٨٦٩١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ مَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ عُقَيْلٍ، وَقَالَ: فَإِنَّ الصَّحِيفَةَ لَتُكْتَبُ إِذْ طَلَعَ أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلٍ يَرْسُفُ فِي الْحَدِيدِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُوهُ حَبَسَهُ فَأَفْلَتَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ سُهَيْلٌ قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ لَقَدْ وَلَجَتِ الْقَضِيَّةُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكَ هَذَا قَالَ: «صَدَقْتَ»، وَصَاحَ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، أَأُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَفْتِنُونِي فِي دِينِي؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَبِي جَنْدَلٍ ⦗٤١٩⦘: «أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ، اصْبِرْ وَاحْتَسِبْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَاعِلٌ لَكَ وَلِمَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فَرَجًا وَمَخْرَجًا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٦٩٢ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ رَجَعَ عَنْ هَذَا، وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْحَالَيْنِ بِمَا نَقَلْنَاهُ\n\n١٨٦٩٣ - وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَيَّاشٍ، أَوْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ فَهُوَ عَيَّاشُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ فِيمَا أَعْلَمُ، وَإِنَّمَا الشَّكُّ مِنْ جِهَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَالْغَلَطُ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، حَيْثُ قَالَ فِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ: ابْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، وَذَاكَ أَنَّ عَيَّاشَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فِي أَوَّلِ مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَاءَهُ أَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَهُوَ أَخُوهُ لِأُمِّهِ، وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ مَعَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ أُمَّكَ تُنَاشِدُكَ رَحِمَهَا وَحَقَّهَا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَيْهَا، فَأَقْبَلَ مَعَهُمَا، فَرَبَطَاهُ حَتَّى قَدِمَا بِهِ مَكَّةَ\n\n١٨٦٩٤ - هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، صَاحِبُ الْمَغَازِي\n\n١٨٦٩٥ - وَلَا نَرْجِعُ فِيمَا نَظُنُّ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَ الْمَعْنَى فِيهِ مَا فِي أَبِي جَنْدَلٍ مِنْ رُجُوعِهِ إِلَى عَشِيرَتِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ الصُّلْحِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ رَجَعَ بِنَفْسِهِ فَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْمَعْنَى الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٨٦٩٦ - وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، فَهُوَ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَاهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ، بِمَعْنَاهُ وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ","vol":"13","page":418},{"text":"١٨٦٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ: ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]\n⦗٤٢٠⦘\n\n١٨٦٩٨ - فَأَبَانَهُنَّ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَبَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ بِمُضِيِّ الْعِدَّةِ، فَكَانَ الْحُكْمُ فِي إِسْلَامِ الزَّوْجِ الْحُكْمَ فِي إِسْلَامِ الْمَرْأَةِ لَا يَخْتَلِفَانِ\n\n١٨٦٩٩ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقُوا﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]، يَعْنِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَزْوَاجَ الْمُشْرِكَاتِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا مَنَعَهُنَّ الْمُشْرِكُونَ إِتْيَانَ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ بِالْإِسْلَامِ أَتَوْا مَا دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِنَّ الْأَزْوَاجُ مِنَ الْمُهُورِ كَمَا يُؤَدِّي الْمُسْلِمُونَ مَا دَفَعَ أَزْوَاجُ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ مِنَ الْمُهُورِ، وَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ حُكْمًا بَيْنَهُمْ\n\n١٨٧٠٠ - ثُمَّ حَكَمَ لَهُمْ فِي مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ الْمَعْنَى حُكْمًا ثَابِتًا فَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِنْ فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١١]، كَأَنَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، يُرِيدُ فَلَمْ يَعْفُوا عَنْهُمْ إِذْ لَمْ يَعْفُوا عَنْكُمْ مُهُورَ نِسَائِكُمْ، فَآتُوا الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَاجُهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا، كَأَنَّهُ يَعْنِي مِنْ مُهُورِهُنَّ إِذَا فَاتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مُشْرِكَةٌ أَتَتْنَا مُسْلِمَةً قَدْ أَعْطَاهَا مِائَةً فِي مَهْرِهَا، وَفَاتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مُشْرِكَةٌ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ قَدْ أَعْطَاهَا مِائَةً حُسِبَتْ مِائَةُ الْمُسْلِمِ بمِائَةِ الْمُشْرِكِ، فِعْلَ تِلْكَ الْعُقُوبَةِ، وَيَكْتُبُ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِ عُهُودِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يُعْطِيَ الْمُشْرِكُ مَا قَصَصْنَاهُ بِهِ مِنْ مَهْرِ امْرَأَتِهِ لِلْمُسْلِمِ الَّذِي فَاتَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ إِلَيْهِمْ، لَيْسَ لَهُ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٨٧٠١ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي التَّفْرِيعِ","vol":"13","page":419},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1287>الْعَبْدُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ مُسْلِمًا</span>","vol":"13","page":421},{"text":"١٨٧٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" أَمَّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حِصَارِ ثَقِيفٍ مَنْ نَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ عَبْدٍ فَأَسْلَمَ، وَشَرَطَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَحْرَارٌ، فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ عَبْدًا مِنْ عَبِيدِ ثَقِيفٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ سَادَتُهُمْ بَعْدَهُمْ مُسْلِمِينَ، فَسَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُمُ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ: «هُمْ أَحْرَارٌ لَا سَبِيلَ عَلَيْهِمْ»، وَلَمْ يَرُدَّهُمْ","vol":"13","page":421},{"text":"١٨٧٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ السَّمْتِيُّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ نَازَلَ أَهْلَ الطَّائِفِ فَنَادَى مُنَادِيهِ أَنَّ: «مَنْ خَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ»، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ نَافِعٌ، وَنُفَيْعٌ فَأَعْتَقَهُمَا\n\n١٨٧٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَانَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ السَّمْتِيُّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْخِيَارِ، وَفِي حَدِيثِهِ ضَعْفٌ\n\n١٨٧٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا يَقُولُهُ سَائِرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ هَذَا أَبُو شَيْبَةَ الْكُوفِيُّ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ ⦗٤٢٢⦘ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ","vol":"13","page":421},{"text":"١٨٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَنَّ عَبْدَيْنِ خَرَجَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ فَأَعْتَقَهُمَا»\n\n١٨٧٠٧ - قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَشْيَاخِنَا أَنَّ أَهْلَ الطَّائِفِ خَاصَمُوا فِي عَبِيدٍ خَرَجُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أُولَئِكَ عُتَقَاءُ اللَّهِ»\n\n١٨٧٠٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَقَالَ: أَحَدُهُمَا أَبُو بَكْرَةَ\n\n١٨٧٠٩ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، أَنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَعْبُدٍ\n\n١٨٧١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْتَقَ مَنْ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الطَّائِفِ مِنْ عَبِيدِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ\n\n١٨٧١١ - وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى نَقْلِ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي فِي ذَلِكَ، وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مَشْهُورٌ بَيْنَهُمْ","vol":"13","page":422},{"text":"١٨٧١٢ - وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَبْدَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ قَبْلَ الصُّلْحِ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مَوَالِيهِمْ: وَاللَّهِ مَا خَرَجُوا إِلَيْكَ رَغْبَةً فِي دِينِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا خَرَجُوا هَرَبًا مِنَ الرِّقِّ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَرُدَّهُمُ، وَقَالَ:  «هُمْ عُتَقَاءُ اللَّهِ ﷿» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٧١٣ - قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: «وَإِنْ هَاجَرَ عَبْدٌ أَوْ أَمَةٌ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ أَهْلِ الْعَهْدِ لَمْ يُرَدُّوا وَرُدَّتْ أَثْمَانُهُمْ، وَإِنْ هَاجَرَ عَبْدٌ مِنْهُمْ - يَعْنِي مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ - أَوْ أَمَةٌ فَهُمَا حُرَّانِ وَلَهُمَا مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ»\n\n١٨٧١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي مَضَى عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: «وَلَا يُعْتَقُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا فِي مَوْضِعٍ، وَهُوَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْ بِلَادِ الْحَرْبِ مُسْلِمًا، كَمَا أَعْتَقَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْ حِصْنِ ثَقِيفٍ مُسْلِمًا»\n\n١٨٧١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ جَاءَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ سَيِّدُهُ يَطْلُبُهُ، فَاشْتَرَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعَبْدَيْنِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ يُعْتِقُهُ لَمْ يَشْتَرِ مِنْهُ حُرًّا، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ غَيْرَ خَارِجٍ مِنْ بِلَادٍ مَنْصُوبٍ عَلَيْهَا الْحَرْبُ","vol":"13","page":423},{"text":"١٨٧١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ عَبْدٌ فَبَايَعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ وَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ، فَجَاءَ سَيِّدُهُ يُرِيدُهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗٤٢٤⦘: «بِعْنِيهِ»، فَاشْتَرَاهُ بِعَبْدَيْنِ أَسْوَدَيْنِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُبَايِعْ أَحَدًا بَعْدُ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ «أَعَبْدٌ هُوَ؟» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَغَيْرِهِ\n\n١٨٧١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيمَنْ دَانَ دِينَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ الْفُرْقَانِ فِي بَابِ نَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبَ","vol":"13","page":423},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1288>جُمَّاعُ الْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ وَالنَّذْرِ وَنَقْضِهِ</span>","vol":"13","page":425},{"text":"١٨٧١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" جُمَّاعُ الْوَفَاءِ بِالنَّذْرِ وَالْعَهْدِ كَانَ بِيَمِينٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ﴾ [المائدة: ١]، وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًا﴾ [الإنسان: ٧] وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الْوَفَاءَ بِالْعُقُودِ فِي الْأَيْمَانِ فِي غَيْرِ آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، فَذَكَرَ تِلْكَ الْآيَاتِ\n\n١٨٧١٩ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَذَا مِنْ سَعَةِ لِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ الَّذِي خُوطِبَ بِهِ، فَظَاهِرُهُ عَامٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ عَقْدٍ، وَيُشْبِهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوَفَّى بِكُلِّ عَقْدٍ إِذَا كَانَتْ فِيهِ لِلَّهِ طَاعَةٌ، أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِيمَا أَمَرَ بِالْوَفَاءِ مِنْهَا مَعْصِيَةٌ\n\n١٨٧٢٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَالَحَ قُرَيْشًا بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ مَنْ جَاءَهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِي امْرَأَةٍ جَاءَتْهُ مُسْلِمَةً مِنْهُمْ: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]، فَحَبَسَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ\n\n١٨٧٢١ - وَعَاهَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ: ﴿بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ١]\n\n١٨٧٢٢ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: فَكَيْفَ كَانَ صُلْحُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟\n\n١٨٧٢٣ - قِيلَ: كَانَ صُلْحُهُ لَهُمْ طَاعَةً لِلَّهِ: إِمَّا عَنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ بِمَا صَنَعَ نَصًّا، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْقِدَ لِمَنْ رَأَى بِمَا رَأَى، ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَضَاءَهُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٤٢٦⦘ فَصَارَ إِلَى قَضَاءِ اللَّهِ، وَنَسَخَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِعْلَهُ بِفِعْلِهِ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ، وَكُلٌّ كَانَ لِلَّهِ طَاعَةٌ فِي وَقْتِهِ\n\n١٨٧٢٤ - ثُمَّ شَبَّهَهُ بِأَمْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَمَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ مِنَ النَّسْخِ \"\n\n١٨٧٢٥ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَنَاهَتْ فَرَائِضُ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْهَا بِمَنْسُوخٍ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهِ بِهِ فَهُوَ عَاصٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَنِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ\n\n١٨٧٢٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى الِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ، وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ» وَأَسَرَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَأَخَذُوا نَاقَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَانْفَلَتَتِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ عَلَى نَاقَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَنَذَرَتْ إِنْ نَجَّاهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَنْحَرَهَا، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، وَلَا فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ ابْنُ آدَمَ»\n\n١٨٧٢٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا نَذْرَ يُوَفَّى بِهِ\n\n١٨٧٢٨ - ثُمَّ بَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ فِي الْأَيْمَانِ: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُمُ الْأَيْمَانَ﴾ [المائدة: ٨٩]\n⦗٤٢٧⦘\n\n١٨٧٢٩ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ، وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ»، فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ أَنْ لَا تَفِيَ بِالْيَمِينِ إِذَا كَانَ غَيْرُهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا، وَأَنْ تُكَفِّرَ بِمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ، وَكُلُّ هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى بِكُلِّ عَقْدِ نَذْرٍ وَعَهْدٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٍ كَانَ مُبَاحًا لَا مَعْصِيَةَ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ","vol":"13","page":425},{"text":"١٨٧٣٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَإِمَّا تَخَافَنَّ مِنْ قَوْمٍ خِيَانَةً فَانْبِذْ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْخَائِنِينَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٥٨]\n\n١٨٧٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ هُدْنَةٍ بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ اسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ عَلَى خِيَانَتِهِمْ\n\n١٨٧٣٢ - فَإِذَا جَاءَتْ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَمْ يُوفِ أَهْلُ الْهُدْنَةِ بِجَمِيعِ مَا عَاهَدَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَنْبِذَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَمَنْ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْبِذَ إِلَيْهِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُلْحِقَهُ بِمَأْمَنِهِ، ثُمَّ لَهُ أَنْ يُحَارِبَهَ كَمَا يُحَارِبُ مَنْ لَا هُدْنَةَ لَهُ \"","vol":"13","page":427},{"text":"١٨٧٣٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا نَقَضَ الَّذِينَ عَقَدَ الصُّلْحَ عَلَيْهِمْ، أَوْ نَقَضَتْ مِنْهُمْ جَمَاعَةٌ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، فَلَمْ يُخَالِفُوا النَّاقِضَ بِقَوْلٍ وَلَا فِعْلٍ ظَاهِرٍ» ⦗٤٢٨⦘\n\n١٨٧٣٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَلِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَغْزُوَهُمَ، فَإِذَا فَعَلَ فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ خَارِجٌ مِمَّا فَعَلَهُ جَمَاعَتُهُمْ، فَلِلْإِمَامِ قَتْلُ مُقَاتِلَتِهِمْ، وَسَبْي ذَرَارِيِّهِمْ، وَغَنِيمَةُ أَمْوَالِهِمْ\n\n١٨٧٣٥ - وَهَكَذَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِبَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، عَقَدَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَاحِبُهُمُ الصُّلْحَ بِالْمُهَادَنَةِ فَنَقَضَ وَلَمْ يُفَارِقُوهُ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي عُقْرِ دَارِهِمْ، وَهِيَ مَعَهُ بِطَرَفِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ، وَسَبَى ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ، وَغَنِمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَلَيْسَ كُلُّهُمْ أَسْرَفَ فِي الْمَعُونَةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، وَلَكِنْ كُلُّهُمْ لَزِمَ حِصْنَهُ وَلَمْ يُفَارِقِ الْغَادِرِينَ مِنْهُمْ، أَلَا يَفِرُّ فَحَقَنَ دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَحْرَزَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ\n\n١٨٧٣٦ - قَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ نَقَضَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَاتَلَ، كَانَ لِلْإِمَامِ قَتْلُ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ، قَدْ أَعَانَ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ وَهُمْ فِي عَقْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةٌ نَفَرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَشَهِدُوا قِتَالَهُمْ فَغَزَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قُرَيْشًا عَامَ الْفَتْحِ بِغَدْرِ النَّفَرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، وَتَرْكِ الْبَاقِينَ مَعُونَةَ خُزَاعَةَ، وَأَتَوْ بِهِمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ لِخُزَاعَةَ\n\n١٨٧٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ نَقَضَ الْعَهْدَ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَمَنْ أَعَانَ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَقِتَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ مَعْرُوفٌ مَشْهُورٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ السِّيرَةِ، وَنَقَلْنَا إِلَى كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَتَارِيخِهِ، أَنَّ فِيَ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَاهَدَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ\n\n١٨٧٣٨ - ثُمَّ فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَعَنْ سَائِرِ شُيُوخِهِ، أَنَّ حُيَىَّ بْنَ أَخْطَبَ، وَمَنْ حَزَبَ الْأَحْزَابَ مَعَهُ، قَدِمُوا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ وَدَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَجَاءُوا بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَالْأَحْزَابِ عَامَ الْخَنْدَقِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ ⦗٤٢٩⦘ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ حَتَّى أَتَى كَعْبَ بْنَ أَسَدٍ صَاحِبَ عَقْدِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَعَهْدِهِمْ، وَلَمَّا نَزَلَ بِهِ حَتَّى نَقَضَ كَعْبٌ الْعَهْدَ وَأَظْهَرَ الْبَرَاءَةَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٨٧٣٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: فَاجْتَمَعَ مَلَأَهُمُ الْغَدْرُ عَلَى أَمْرِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ غَيْرَ أَسَدٍ، وَأُسَيْدٍ، وَثَعْلَبَةَ خَرَجُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\n\n١٨٧٤٠ - وَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ خُرُوجِهِمْ أَيْضًا ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ","vol":"13","page":427},{"text":"١٨٧٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، مِنْ أَصْلِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ يَهُودَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَقُرَيْظَةَ، حَارَبُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «فَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَأَقَرَّ قُرَيْظَةَ وَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، حَتَّى حَارَبَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَتَلَ رِجَالَهُمْ وَقَسَمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»، إِلَّا بَعْضَهُمْ لَحِقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَمَّنَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمُوا، «وَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَهُودَ الْمَدِينَةِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ، وَهُمْ قَوْمُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَلَّامٍ، وَيَهُودَ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، وَكُلَّ يَهُودِيٍّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ» أَخْرَجَاهُ رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٨٧٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي مَغَازِي مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، أَنَّ بَنِيَ نُفَاثَةَ، مِنْ بَنِي الدِّيلِ، أَغَارُوا عَلَى بَنِي كَعْبٍ، وَأَعَانَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ بَنِي نُفَاثَةَ، وَأَعَانَتْهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ بِالسِّلَاحِ وَالرَّقِيقِ\n\n١٨٧٤٣ - وَمِمَّنْ أَعَانَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ: صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، وَشَيْبَةُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، فَخَرَجَ رَكْبٌ مِنْ بَنِي كَعْبٍ، وَكَانُوا فِي صُلْحِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، حَتَّى أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَجَهَّزَ ⦗٤٣٠⦘ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْخُرُوجِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ﵁: لَعَلَّكَ تُرِيدُ قُرَيْشًا؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مُدَّةٌ؟ قَالَ: «أَلَمْ يَبْلُغْكَ مَا صَنَعُوا بِبَنِي كَعْبٍ؟»","vol":"13","page":429},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1289>بَابُ الْحُكْمِ بَيْنَ الْمُعَاهَدِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ</span>","vol":"13","page":431},{"text":"١٨٧٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" لَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالسِّيَرِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا نَزَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَادَعَ يَهُودَ كَافَّةً عَلَى غَيْرِ جِزْيَةٍ\n\n١٨٧٤٥ - وَأَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾، إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْيَهُودِ الْمُوَادِعِينَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُعْطُوا جِزْيَةً، وَلَمْ يُقِرُّوا بِأَنْ يَجْرِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمٌ\n\n١٨٧٤٦ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْيَهُودِيَّيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ زَنَيَا\n\n١٨٧٤٧ - قَالَ: وَالَّذِي قَالُوا يُشْبِهُ مَا قَالُوا لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَكَيْفَ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ وَعِنْدَهُمُ التَّوْرَاةُ فِيهَا حُكْمُ اللَّهِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٣]\n\n١٨٧٤٨ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَأَنِ أَحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَاحْذَرْهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنُوكَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا﴾ يَعْنِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، إِنْ تَوَلَّوْا عَنْ حُكْمِكَ\n\n١٨٧٤٩ - فَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِمَّنْ أَتَى حَاكِمًا غَيْرَ مَقْهُورٍ عَلَى الْحُكْمِ وَالَّذِينَ حَاكَمُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُمْ وَرَجُلٍ زَنَيَا مُوَادِعُونَ، وَكَانَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ الرَّجْمُ، وَرَجَوْا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مِنْ حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الرَّجْمُ، فَجَاءُوهُ بِهِمَا فَرَجَمَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ","vol":"13","page":431},{"text":"١٨٧٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ ⦗٤٣٢⦘ قَالَ: إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ جَاءُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ وَامْرَأَةً زَنَيَا، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ: «مَا تَجِدُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ فِي شَأْنِ الرَّجْمِ؟»، فَقَالُوا: نَفْضَحُهُمْ وَيُجْلَدُونَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامِ: كَذَبْتُمْ، إِنَّ فِيهَا الرَّجْمَ، فَأَتَوْا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَنَشَرُوهَا فَوَضَعَ أَحَدُهُمْ يَدَهُ عَلَى آيَةِ الرَّجْمِ فَقَرَأَ مَا قَبْلَهَا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ: ارْفَعْ يَدَكَ، فَرَفَعَ يَدَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهَا آيَةُ الرَّجْمِ، فَقَالُوا: صَدَقَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فِيهَا آيَةُ الرَّجْمِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَرُجِمَا\n\n١٨٧٥١ - قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: فَرَأَيْتُ الرَّجُلَ يَحْنِي عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ يَقِيهَا الْحِجَارَةَ","vol":"13","page":431},{"text":"١٨٧٥٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجَمَ يَهُودِيًّا وَيَهُودِيَّةً، وَرَأَيْتُهُ يُجَانِئُ عَلَيْهَا يَقِيهَا الْحِجَارَةَ» أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَأَيُّوبَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n١٨٧٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَلَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ الْخِيَارُ فِي أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْمُعَاهَدِينَ الَّذِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُكْمُ إِذَا جَاءُوهُ فِي حَدِّ اللَّهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقِيمَهُ\n\n١٨٧٥٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ جَاءَنَا مُحْتَسِبٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِمْ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ الذِّمِّيِّينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ أَعْمَالًا مِنْ رِبًا، أَوْ غَيْرِهِمْ، لَمْ نَكْشِفْهُمْ ⦗٤٣٣⦘ عَنْهَا؛ لِأَنَّ مَا أَقْرَرْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ أَعْظَمُ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا طَالِبٌ يَسْتَحِقُّهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ لَا يُكْشَفُونَ عَمَّا اسْتَحَلُّوا مِنْ نِكَاحِ الْمَحَارِمِ\n\n١٨٧٥٥ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: قَدْ كَتَبَ عُمَرُ ﵁: «يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ، فَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُفَرَّقَ إِذَا طَلَبَتْ ذَلِكَ الْمَرْأَةُ أَوْ وَلِيُّهَا، أَوْ طَلَبَهُ الزَّوْجُ لِيَسْقُطَ عَنْهُ مَهْرُهَا»","vol":"13","page":432},{"text":"١٨٧٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ تَحْرِيمِ الْجَمْعِ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عِيسَى الرَّقَاشِيُّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِلَى عَدِيٍّ، أَنْ سَلِ الْحَسَنَ: لِمَ أَقَرَّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بُيُوتَ النِّيرَانِ، وَعِبَادَةَ الْأَوْثَانِ، وَنِكَاحَ الْأُمَّهَاتِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ؟ \" فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: «لِأَنَّ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْبَحْرَيْنَ أَقَرَّهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ»\n\n١٨٧٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَهَذَا لَا أَعْلَمُ فِيهِ خِلَافًا بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ لَقِيتُهُ\n\n١٨٧٥٨ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَضَاءِ: وَقَدْ زَعَمَ بَعْضُ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ عَنْ عَوْفٍ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَانْقَطَعَ الْحَدِيثُ وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":433},{"text":"١٨٧٥٩ - مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الْأَزْرَقُ، عَنْ عَوْفٍ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِلَى عَدِيِّ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَاسْأَلِ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ: مَا مَنَعَ مَنْ قَبْلَنَا مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ أَنْ يَحُولُوا بَيْنَ الْمَجُوسِ وَبَيْنَ مَا يَجْمَعُونَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَجْمَعُهُنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمِلَلِ غَيْرَهُمْ؟ ⦗٤٣٤⦘\n\n١٨٧٦٠ - قَالَ: فَسَأَلَ عَدِيٌّ الْحَسَنَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ قَبِلَ مِنْ مَجُوسِ أَهْلِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ الْجِزْيَةَ، وَأَقَرَّهُمْ عَلَى مَجُوسِيَّتِهِمْ، وَعَامِلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَأَمَرَّهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَقَرَّهُمْ عُمَرُ بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁، وَأَقَرَّهُمْ عُثْمَانُ ﵁»\n\n١٨٧٦١ - أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ فِي جُمْلَةٍ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا فِي رِوَايَةِ. . . . عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ بَلَاغٌ. . . . سَمَاعٌ، فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ سَمَاعَهُ، وَهُوَ كَالْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا، فَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مِنْهَا سَمَاعٌ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ، فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ سَمَاعَهُ، فَهُوَ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَمَّنْ سَمَّاهُ","vol":"13","page":433},{"text":"١٨٧٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَغَيْرُهُ، قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: آيَتَانِ نُسِخَتَا مِنْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ - يَعْنِي الْمَائِدَةَ -: آيَةُ الْقَلَائِدِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢] قَالَ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُخَيَّرًا إِنْ شَاءَ حَكَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُمْ، فَرَدَّهُمْ إِلَى حُكَّامِهِمْ قَالَ ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩] قَالَ فَأُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا فِي كِتَابِنَا\n\n١٨٧٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَطِيَّةُ الْعَوْفِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْحُكْمِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عِكْرِمَةَ","vol":"13","page":434},{"text":"١٨٧٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ ⦗٤٣٥⦘ عِكْرِمَةَ، ﴿فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ قَالَ نَسَخَتْهَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩]\n\n١٨٧٦٥ - لَا يَحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَبَدًا. . . .، وَيْحَكُمُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتَحَاكَمُوا فِي التَّعَدِّي. . . . إِذَا تَعَدَّوْا","vol":"13","page":434},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1290>٣٧ - كِتَابُ الصَّيْدِ</span>","vol":"13","page":437},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1291>بَابُ الصَّيْدِ</span>\n١٨٧٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ، قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤]","vol":"13","page":439},{"text":"١٨٧٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «الْكَلْبُ الْمُعَلَّمُ الَّذِي إِذَا أَشْلَى اسْتَشْلَى، وَإِذَا أَخَذَ حَبَسَ وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ، فَإِذَا فَعَلَ هَذَا مَرَّةً بَعْدَ مَرَّةٍ كَانَ مُعَلَّمًا، يَأْكُلُ صَاحِبُهُ ⦗٤٤١⦘ مَا حَبَسَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ قَتَلَ مَا لَمْ يَأْكُلْ، فَإِذَا أَكَلَ فَقَدْ قِيلَ يُخْرِجُهُ هَذَا مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُعَلَّمًا، وَامْتَنَعَ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ الَّذِي أَكَلَ مِنْهُ الْكَلْبُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْكَلْبَ أَمْسَكَهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَإِنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ صَاحِبُ الْكَلْبِ أَكَلَ مِنْ صَيْدٍ غَيْرِ مُعَلَّمٍ،\n\n١٨٧٦٨ - وَيَحْتَمِلُ الْقِيَاسُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ، وَإِنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ الْكَلْبُ»\n\n١٨٧٦٩ - وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَبَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا\n\n١٨٧٧٠ - وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَا هَذَا لِلْأَثَرِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «فَإِنْ أَكَلَ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ» وَإِذَا ثَبَتَ الْخَبَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمْ يَجُزْ تَرْكُهُ لِشَيْءٍ","vol":"13","page":440},{"text":"١٨٧٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَرْسَلَ أَحَدُكُمْ كَلْبَهُ الْمُعَلَّمَ، وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، فَلْيَأْكُلْ مِمَّا أَمْسَكَ عَلَيْهِ، أَكَلَ أَوْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ»\n\n١٨٧٧٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سَعْدٍ فَهُوَ فِي جَامِعِ الثَّوْرِيِّ: عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: حُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سَعْدًا قُلْتُ: إِنَّ لَنَا كِلَابًا ضَوَارِيَ فَيُمْسِكْنَ عَلَيْنَا وَيَأْكُلْنَ وَيُبْقِينَ؟ قَالَ: كُلْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُبْقِينَ إِلَّا بَضْعَةً\n\n١٨٧٧٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَسَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗٤٤٢⦘\n\n١٨٧٧٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"13","page":441},{"text":"١٨٧٧٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَدِيٍّ، فَـ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي السَّفَرِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمِعْرَاضِ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا أَصَابَ بِحَدِّهِ فَقَتَلَ فَكُلْ، وَإِذَا أَصَابَ بِعَرْضِهِ فَقَتَلَ فَهُوَ وَقِيذٌ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ»، قُلْتُ: أُرْسِلُ كَلْبِي؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَرْسَلْتَ كَلْبَكَ عَلَى الصَّيْدِ وَسَمَّيْتَ فَأَخَذَ فَكُلْ، وَإِنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ، فَإِنَّمَا أَمْسَكَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ»، قُلْتُ: أُرْسِلُ كَلْبِي فَأَجِدُ مَعَ كَلْبِي كَلْبًا آخَرَ لَا أَدْرِي أَيُّهُمَا أَخَذَهُ؟ قَالَ: «فَلَا تَأْكُلْ، فَإِنَّمَا سَمَّيْتَ عَلَى كَلْبِكَ، وَلَمْ تُسَمِّ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"13","page":442},{"text":"١٨٧٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، وَأَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الصَّيْدِ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا أَرْسَلْتَ كَلْبَكَ فَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ أَدْرَكْتَهُ وَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ فَاذْبَحْ، وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ أَدْرَكْتَهُ قَدْ قَتَلَ وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ فَكُلْ فَقَدْ أَمْسَكَهُ عَلَيْكَ وَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُ قَدْ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ فَلَا تَطْعَمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، فَإِنَّمَا أَمْسَكَهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فَإِنْ خَالَطَ كَلْبَكَ كِلَابٌ فَقَتَلْنَ وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْنَ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَيُّهُمَا قَتَلَ وَإِذَا رَمَيْتَ بِسَهْمِكَ فَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ أَدْرَكْتَهُ فَكُلْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَجِدَهُ قَدْ ⦗٤٤٣⦘ وَقَعَ فِي مَاءٍ فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي الْمَاءُ قَتَلَهُ أَوْ سَهْمُكَ، فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُ بَعْدَ لَيْلَةٍ أَوْ لَيْلَتَيْنِ فَلَمْ تَجِدْ فِيهِ أَثَرًا غَيْرَ أَثَرِ سَهْمِكَ فَشِئْتَ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ فَكُلْ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَكَرِيَّا وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ\n\n١٨٧٧٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مُجَالِدٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيٍّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا عَلَّمْتَ مِنْ كَلْبٍ أَوْ بَازٍ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْتَهُ وَذَكَرْتَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ فَكُلْ مِمَّا أَمْسَكَ عَلَيْكَ»، قُلْتُ: وَإِنْ قَتَلَ؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَإِنَّمَا أَمْسَكَهُ عَلَيْكَ»\n\n١٨٧٧٨ - وَقَدْ تَفَرَّدَ مُجَالِدٌ بِذِكْرِ الْبَازِيِّ فِيهِ،\n\n١٨٧٧٩ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَكَانَ سَلْمَانُ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْإِبَاحَةِ ⦗٤٤٤⦘،\n\n١٨٧٨٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا أَكَلَ الْكَلْبُ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ، فَإِنَّمَا أَمْسَكَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ»\n\n١٨٧٨١ - وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ بِرِوَايَةِ الثِّقَاتِ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ","vol":"13","page":442},{"text":"١٨٧٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَبِيعَةَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ الدِّمَشْقِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِدْرِيسَ الْخَوْلَانِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيَّ، يَقُولُ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ أَرْضَنَا أَرْضُ صَيْدٍ أَصِيدُ بِالْكَلْبِ الْمُكَلَّبِ، وَبِالْكَلْبِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِمُكَلَّبٍ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَاذَا يَحِلُّ لَنَا مِمَّا يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «أَمَّا مَا صَادَ كَلْبُكَ الْمُكَلَّبُ فَكُلْ مَا أَمْسَكَ عَلَيْكَ وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَأَمَّا مَا صَادَ كَلْبُكَ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِمُكَلَّبٍ فَأَدْرَكْتَ ذَكَاتَهُ فَكُلْ مِنْهُ، وَمَا لَمْ تُدْرِكْ ذَكَاتَهُ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئِ، عَنْ حَيْوَةَ\n\n١٨٧٨٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ سَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا رَدَّتْ عَلَيْكَ قَوْسُكَ وَيَدُكَ وَكَلْبُكَ فَكُلْ ذَكِيٌّ وَغَيْرُ ذَكِيٍّ» ⦗٤٤٥⦘\n\n١٨٧٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي صَيْدِ الْكَلْبِ: «إِذَا أَرْسَلْتَ كَلْبَكَ وَذَكَرْتَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ فَكُلْ وَإِنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ، وَكُلْ مَا رَدَّتْ يَدُكَ» وَهَاتَانِ الرِّوَايَتَانِ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُمَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ\n\n١٨٧٨٥ - وَأَخْرَجَ أَيْضًا حَدِيثَ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا ثَعْلَبَةَ قَالَ: \" يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى مَا فِي هَاتَيْنِ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ وَزَادَ وَإِنْ تَغَيَّبَ عَنِّي؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ تَغَيَّبَ عَنْكَ مَا لَمْ يَضِلَّ أَوْ تَجِدْ فِيهِ أَثَرًا غَيْرَ سَهْمِكَ»","vol":"13","page":444},{"text":"١٨٧٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَشْعَثَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو ثَعْلَبَةَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ لِي كِلَابًا مُكَلَّبَةً، فَأَفْتِنِي فِي صَيْدِهَا، فَقَالَ:  «إِنْ كَانَتْ كِلَابًا مُكَلَّبَةً فَكُلْ مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكَ» قَالَ: ذَكِيٌّ وَغَيْرُ ذَكِيٍّ؟ قَالَ: «ذَكِيٌّ وَغَيْرُ ذَكِيٍّ» قَالَ: وَإِنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَفْتِنِي فِي قَوْسِي قَالَ: «كُلْ مَا رَدَّتْ عَلَيْكَ قَوْسُكَ» قَالَ: ذَكِيٌّ وَغَيْرُ ذَكِيٍّ؟ قَالَ: «ذَكِيٌّ وَغَيْرُ ذَكِيٍّ» قَالَ: وَإِنْ تَغَيَّبَ عَنِّي؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ تَغَيَّبَ عَنْكَ، مَا لَمْ يَضِلَّ أَوْ تَجِدْ فِيهِ أَثَرًا غَيْرَ سَهْمِكَ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَفْتِنِي فِي آنِيَةِ الْمَجُوسِ إِذَا اضْطُرِرْنَا إِلَيْهَا قَالَ: «اغْسِلْهَا ثُمَّ كُلْ فِيهَا»\n\n١٨٧٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمْ أَصَحُّ مِنْ هَذَا، وَمَا يُخَالِفُهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ لَيْسَ فِي الرَّاوِيَةِ الَّتِي اعْتَمَدَهَا صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":445},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1292>تَسْمِيَةُ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ الْإِرْسَالِ</span>\n١٨٧٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: أَحْبَبْتُ لَهُ أَنْ يُسَمِّيَ وَهَذَا لِمَا مَضَى فِي حَدِيثِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمْ، وَأَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ\n\n١٨٧٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ لَمْ يُسَمِّ نَاسِيًا فَقَتَلَ أَكَلَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ كَالذَّكَاةِ فَهُوَ لَوْ نَسِيَ التَّسْمِيَةَ فِي الذَّبِيحَةِ أَكَلَ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ يَذْبَحُ عَلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ نَسِيَ ⦗٤٤٧⦘\n\n١٨٧٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا ذَبَحَ الْمُسْلِمُ وَنَسِيَ أَنْ يَذْكُرَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ فَلْيَأْكُلْ، فَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ فِيهِ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ»","vol":"13","page":446},{"text":"١٨٧٩١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنْ عَيْنٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ «إِذَا ذَبَحَ الْمُسْلِمُ فَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ فَلْيَأْكُلْ، فَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ فِيهِ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ ﷿»\n\n١٨٧٩٢ - وَقَوْلُهُ: عَنْ عَيْنٍ - يَعْنِي عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ","vol":"13","page":447},{"text":"١٨٧٩٣ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «يَكْفِيهِ اسْمُهُ، فَإِنْ نَسِيَ أَنْ يُسَمِّيَ حِينَ يَذْبَحُ فَلْيَذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ وَلْيَأْكُلْهُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُمَيَّةَ الطُّرْسُوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْقِلُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٧٩٤ - وَالْمَحْفُوظُ رِوَايَةُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ كَمَا مَضَى\n\n١٨٧٩٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ بِإِسْنَادٍ عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الصَّلْتِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ذَبِيحَةُ الْمُسْلِمِ حَلَالٌ، ذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ، إِنَّهُ إِنْ ذَكَرَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ إِلَّا اسْمَ اللَّهِ» ⦗٤٤٨⦘\n\n١٨٧٩٦ - وَهَذَا الْمُرْسَلُ يُؤَكِّدُ قَوْلَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"13","page":447},{"text":"١٨٧٩٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مُبَشِّرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَشْعَثَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ قَوْمًا قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ قَوْمًا يَأْتُونَنَا بِاللَّحْمِ لَا نَدْرِي أَذَكَرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ أَمْ لَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «سَمُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَكُلُوا» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرِ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ مُوصَلًا\n\n١٨٧٩٨ - وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِرِوَايَةِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"13","page":448},{"text":"١٨٧٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَاءَتِ الْيَهُودُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا: نَأْكُلُ مِمَّا قَتَلْنَا، وَلَا نَأْكُلُ مِمَّا قَتَلَ اللَّهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٢١] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ","vol":"13","page":448},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1293>فِي الْإِرْسَالِ عَلَى الصَّيْدِ يَتَوَارَى عَنْكَ ثُمَّ تَجِدُهُ مَقْتُولًا</span>","vol":"13","page":449},{"text":"١٨٨٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالْخَبَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْقِيَاسُ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَتَلَهُ غَيْرُ مَا أَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَوَابِّ الْأَرْضِ، وَقَدْ سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ: إِنِّي أَرْمِي فَأُصْمِي وَأُنْمِي؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «كُلْ مِمَّا أَصْمَيْتَ، وَدَعْ مَا أَنْمَيْتَ»\n\n١٨٨٠١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا أَصْمَيْتَ: مَا قَتَلَتْهُ الْكِلَابُ وَأَنْتَ تَرَاهُ، وَمَا أَنْمَيْتَ: مَا غَابَ عَنْكَ مَقْتَلُهُ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَا يَجُوزُ عِنْدِي فِيهِ إِلَّا هَذَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ فَإِنِّي أَتَوَهَّمُهُ فَيَسْقُطُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ خَالَفَ أَمْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَا يَقُومُ مَعَهُ رَأْيٌ وَلَا قِيَاسٌ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَطَعَ الْعُذْرَ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ","vol":"13","page":449},{"text":"١٨٨٠٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ فَـ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكش بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْرَّحِيلِ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ مَيْمُونٍ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمَيْمُونٌ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ، إِنِّي أَرْمِي الصَّيْدَ فَأُصْمِي وَأُنْمِي، فَكَيْفَ تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «كُلْ مَا أَصْمَيْتَ، وَدَعْ مَا أَنْمَيْتَ»\n\n١٨٨٠٣ - وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَأَبِي رَزِينٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى، فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ: «بَاتَ عَنْكَ لَيْلَةً ⦗٤٥٠⦘، وَلَا آمَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَامَةٌ أَعَانَتْكَ عَلَيْهِ، لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِ»\n\n١٨٨٠٤ - وَقَالَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُخْرَى: «اللَّيْلُ خَلْقٌ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ، لَعَلَّهُ أَعَانَكَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ، انْبِذْهَا عَنْكَ»\n\n١٨٨٠٥ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي تَوَهَّمَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الْمَرْفُوعِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَهُوَ مَا رَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمْ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَبْلَهَا، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ ﷺ: «فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُ بَعْدَ لَيْلَةٍ أَوْ لَيْلَتَيْنِ فَلَمْ تَجِدْ فِيهِ أَثَرًا غَيْرَ أَثَرِ سَهْمِكَ فَشِئْتَ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ فَكُلْ»\n\n١٨٨٠٦ - وَرَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَحَدُنَا يَرْمِي الصَّيْدَ فَيَقْتَفِي أَثَرَهُ الْيَوْمَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ، ثُمَّ يَجِدُهُ مَيِّتًا وَفِيهِ سَهْمُهُ، أَيَأْكُلُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ إِنْ شَاءَ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «يَأْكُلُ إِنْ شَاءَ»","vol":"13","page":449},{"text":"١٨٨٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ ﵀، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، وَهُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرْمِي الصَّيْدَ فَآخُذُهُ مِنَ الْغَدِ فِيهِ سَهْمِي؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا وَجَدْتَ فِيهِ سَهْمَكَ، وَعَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ وَلَمْ تَرَ فِيهِ أَثَرَ سَبْعٍ فَكُلْ» ⦗٤٥١⦘\n\n١٨٨٠٨ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ نَحْوَهُ","vol":"13","page":450},{"text":"١٨٨٠٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيُّ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْخَيَّاطُ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِذَا رَمَيْتَ الصَّيْدَ فَأَدْرَكْتَهُ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ وَسَهْمُكَ فِيهِ فَكُلْ مَا لَمْ يُنْتِنْ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ\n\n١٨٨١٠ - وَحَدِيثُ الْبَهْزِيِّ فِي حِمَارِ الْوَحْشِ الْعَقِيرِ، وَفِي الظَّبْيِ الْحَاقِفِ فِيهِ سَهْمٌ قَدْ مَرَّ فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ","vol":"13","page":451},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1294>مَا أُبِينَ مِنْ حَيٍّ</span>\n١٨٨١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «لَمْ يَأْكُلِ الْعُضْوَ الَّذِي بَانَ مِنْهُ وَفِيهِ الْحَيَاةُ الَّتِي تَبْقَى بَعْدَهُ»","vol":"13","page":452},{"text":"١٨٨١٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ قَالَ: قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَالنَّاسُ يُحِبُّونَ أَسْنَامَ الْإِبِلِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ أَلْيَاتِ الْغَنَمِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «مَا قُطِعَ مِنَ الْبَهِيمَةِ وَهِيَ حَيَّةٌ فَهُوَ مَيْتَةٌ»","vol":"13","page":452},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1295>مَا لَا يَجُوزُ بِهِ الذَّكَاةُ مِنَ السِّنِّ وَالظُّفْرِ</span>","vol":"13","page":453},{"text":"١٨٨١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ قَالَ: قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا لَاقُو الْعَدُوِّ غَدًا وَلَيْسَ مَعَنَا مُدًى، أَنُذَكِّي بِاللِّيطِ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَا أَنْهَرَ الدَّمَ ⦗٤٥٤⦘ وَذُكِرَ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ فَكُلُوا، إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ سِنٍّ أَوْ ظُفْرٍ فَإِنَّ السِّنَّ عَظْمٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ، وَالظُّفْرَ مُدَى الْحَبَشِ»\n\n١٨٨١٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ\n\n١٨٨١٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ: وَمَعْقُولٌ فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ السِّنَّ إِنَّمَا يُذَكَّى بِهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ مُنْتَزَعَةً، فَأَمَّا وَهِيَ ثَابِتَةٌ فَلَوْ أَرَادَ الذَّكَاةَ بِهَا كَانَتْ مُنْخَنِقَةً، وَإِذَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ السِّنَّ عَظْمٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ»، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الظُّفْرَ مُدَى الْحَبَشِ»، فَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ ظُفْرَ الْإِنْسَانِ قَالَهُ كَمَا قَالَهُ فِي السِّنِّ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَرَادَ الظُّفْرَ الَّذِي هُوَ طِيبٌ مِنْ بِلَادِ الْحَبَشَةِ يُجْلَبُ، وَإِذَا نَهَى عَنِ الظُّفْرِ وَكَانَ الْمَعْقُولُ أَنَّهُ مَا وَصَفْتُ فَحَرَامٌ ذَلِكَ الظُّفْرُ وَالْأَسْنَانُ، وَعَظْمُهُ قِيَاسٌ عَلَى سِنِّهِ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُذَكَّى مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ بِعَظْمٍ لِأَنَّ السِّنَّ عَظْمٌ، وَلَيْسَ بِظُفْرٍ لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ\n\n١٨٨١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي إِحْدَادِ الْمَرْأَةِ: «وَلَا تَمَسَّ طِيبًا إِلَّا أَدْنَى طُهْرَتِهَا إِذَا تَطَهَّرَتْ مِنْ حَيْضَتِهَا نُبْذَةً مِنْ قُسْطٍ أَوْ أَظْفَارٍ» ⦗٤٥٥⦘\n\n١٨٨١٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: وَقَدْ رَخَّصَ فِي طُهْرِهَا: إِذَا اغْتَسَلَتْ إِحْدَانَا مِنْ مَحِيضِهَا فِي نُبْذَةٍ مِنْ قُسْطٍ أَوْ أَظْفَارٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ طِيبًا","vol":"13","page":453},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1296>مَحَلُّ الذَّكَاةِ فِي الْمَقْدُورِ عَلَيْهِ وَفِي غَيْرِ الْمَقْدُورِ عَلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"13","page":456},{"text":"١٨٨١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" الذَّكَاةُ ذَكَاتَانِ: فَمَا قَدَرَ عَلَى ذَكَاتِهِ مِمَّا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ فَذَكَاتُهُ فِي اللَّبَّةِ وَالْحَلْقِ بِالذَّبْحِ وَالنَّحْرِ، وَمَا لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ فَذَكَاتُهُ أَنْ يُنَالَ بِالسِّلَاحِ حَيْثُ قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْسِيًّا كَانَ أَوْ وَحْشِيًّا ⦗٤٥٧⦘،\n\n١٨٨١٩ - فَإِنْ تَرَدَّى بَعِيرٌ فِي بِئْرٍ أَوْ نَهْرٍ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى مَنْحَرِهِ وَلَا مَذْبَحِهِ حَيْثُ يُذَكَّى فَطُعِنَ فِيهِ بِسِكِّينٍ أَوْ شَيْءٍ يَجُوزُ الذَّكَاةُ فِيهِ فَأَنْهَرَ الدَّمَ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ يَحِلُّ، وَهَكَذَا ذَكَاةُ مَا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٨٨٢٠ - وَقَدْ تَرَدَّى بَعِيرٌ فِي بِئْرٍ فَطُعِنَ فِي شَاكِلَتِهِ فَسُئِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَكْلِهِ وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عُشَيْرًا بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ\n\n١٨٨٢١ - وَسُئِلَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنِ الْمُتَرَدِّي، يُنَالُ مِنَ السِّلَاحِ فَلَا يُقْدَرُ عَلَى مَذْبَحِهِ، فَقَالَ: «حَيْثُ مَا نِلْتَ مِنْهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ فَكُلْهُ\n\n١٨٨٢٢ - وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفْتِينَ»\n\n١٨٨٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا: وَأَعْلَمُ فِي الْإِنْسِيِّ يَمْتَنِعُ خَبَرًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَثْبُتُ بِأَنَّهُ رَأَى ذَكَاتَهُ كَذَكَاةِ الْوَحْشِيِّ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ","vol":"13","page":456},{"text":"١٨٨٢٤ - مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ قَالَ: أَصَبْنَا إِبِلًا وَغَنَمًا فَكُنَّا نَعْدِلُ الْبَعِيرَ بِعَشْرٍ مِنَ ⦗٤٥٨⦘ الْغَنَمِ، فَنَدَّ عَلَيْنَا بَعِيرٌ مِنْهَا فَرَمَيْنَاهُ بِالنَّبْلِ، ثُمَّ سَأَلْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ لِهَذِهِ الْإِبِلِ أَوَابِدَ، كَأَوَابِدِ الْوَحْشِ، فَإِذَا نَدَّ مِنْهَا فَاصْنَعُوا بِهِ ذَلِكَ وَكُلُوهُ»\n\n١٨٨٢٥ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَزَادَ فِيهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ: فَرَمَيْنَاهُ بِالنَّبْلِ حَتَّى رَهَضْنَاهُ\n\n١٨٨٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ حَدِيثَ السِّنِّ وَالظُّفْرِ كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ هَكَذَا فِي الْإِبِلِ أَيْضًا فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَهَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ يَجْمَعُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ جَمِيعًا وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ بِتَمَامِهِ","vol":"13","page":457},{"text":"١٨٨٢٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ فَأَصَابَ النَّاسَ جُوعٌ، فَأَصَبْنَا إِبِلًا وَغَنَمًا، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أُخْرَيَاتِ النَّاسِ فَعَجِلُوا فَذَكُّوا وَنَصَبُوا الْقُدُورَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَ بِالْقُدُورِ فَأُكْفِئَتْ، ثُمَّ قَسَّمَ فَعَدَلَ عَشْرًا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ بِبَعِيرٍ، فَنَدَّ مِنْهَا بَعِيرٌ، وَكَانَ فِي الْقَوْمِ خَيْلٌ يَسِيرَةٌ، فَطَلَبُوهُ فَأَعْيَاهُمْ فَأَهْوَى إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ بِسَهْمٍ، فَحَبَسَهُ اللَّهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ لِهَذِهِ الْبَهَائِمِ أَوَابِدَ كَأَوَابِدِ الْوَحْشِ، فَمَا نَدَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاصْنَعُوا بِهِ هَكَذَا» قَالَ: وَقَالُوا: إِنَّا نَرْجُو أَوْ نَخَافُ الْعَدُوَّ غَدًا وَلَيْسَ مَعَنَا مُدًى، أَفَنَذْبَحُ بِالْقَصَبِ؟ قَالَ: \" مَا أَنْهَرَ الدَّمَ وَذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ فَكُلْ لَيْسَ السِّنَّ وَالظُّفْرَ، وَسَأُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْهُ: أَمَّا السِّنُّ فَعَظْمٌ، وَأَمَّا الظُّفْرُ فَمُدَى الْحَبَشَةِ \" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ","vol":"13","page":458},{"text":"١٨٨٢٨ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَـ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَحْمَوَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، «أَنَّ بَعِيرًا وَقَعَ فِي بِئْرٍ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوهُ أَنْ يَنْحَرُوهُ إِلَّا مِنْ قِبَلِ شَاكِلَتِهِ، فَاشْتَرَى ابْنُ عُمَرَ مِنْهُ عُشَيْرًا بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ»\n\n١٨٨٢٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"13","page":459},{"text":"١٨٨٣٠ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعُشَرَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا تَكُونُ الذَّكَاةُ إِلَّا فِي اللَّبَّةِ أَوِ الْحَلْقِ؟ قَالَ:  «لَوْ طَعَنْتَ فِي فَخِذِهَا لَأَجْزَأَ عَنْكَ»\n\n١٨٨٣١ - فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ إِنْ ثَبَتَ فِي الْمُتَرَدِّيَةِ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهَا فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ عِنْدَهُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، مَعَ حَدِيثِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ\n\n١٨٨٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ ⦗٤٦٠⦘، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْخَذْفَةِ وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهَا لَا يُصَادُ بِهَا صَيْدٌ، وَلَا يُنْكَأُ بِهَا عَدُوٌّ، وَهِيَ تَكْسِرُ السِّنَّ وَتَفْقَأُ الْعَيْنَ»\n\n١٨٨٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَاتَّقُوا الْأَرْنَبَ أَنْ يَخْذِفَهَا أَحَدُكُمْ بِالْعَصَا، وَلَكِنْ لِيُذَكِّ لَكُمُ الْأَسَلُ الرِّمَاحُ وَالنَّبْلُ»\n\n١٨٨٣٤ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْمَقْتُولَةِ بِالْبُنْدُقَةِ: «تِلْكَ الْمَوْقُوذَةُ»\n\n١٨٨٣٥ - وَحَدِيثُ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ فِي صَيْدِ الْمِعْرَاضِ قَدْ مَضَى","vol":"13","page":459},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1297>الْحِيتَانُ</span>","vol":"13","page":461},{"text":"١٨٨٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ ⦗٤٦٢⦘ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَعْنِي فِي الْبَحْرِ: «هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ»\n\n١٨٨٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ يَعِيشُ فِي الْمَاءِ مِنْ حُوتٍ فَأَخْذُهُ ذَكَاتُهُ، وَسَوَاءٌ مَنْ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ مَجُوسٍ أَوْ وَثَنِيٍّ لِأَنَّهُ ذَكِيٌّ فِي نَفْسِهِ\n\n١٨٨٣٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلَا أَدْرِي أَيُّ وَجْهٍ لِكَرَاهِيَةِ الطَّافِي، وَالسُّنَّةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَكْلِ مَا لَفَظَ الْبَحْرُ مَيِّتًا بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً\n\n١٨٨٣٩ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"13","page":461},{"text":"١٨٨٣٩ - مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ الرَّمْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، سَمِعَ عَمْرٌو، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: بَعَثَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ رَاكِبٍ وَأَمِيرُنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ نَطْلُبُ عِيرَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَأَقَمْنَا عَلَى السَّاحِلِ حَتَّى فَنِيَ زَادُنَا فَأَكَلْنَا الْخَبَطَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْبَحْرَ أَلْقَى لَنَا دَابَّةً يُقَالُ لَهَا: الْعَنْبَرُ، فَأَكَلْنَا مِنْهُ نِصْفَ شَهْرٍ حَتَّى صَلُحَتْ أَجْسَامُنَا، وَأَخَذَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ ضِلَعًا مِنْ أَضْلَاعِهِ فَنَصَبَهُ وَنَظَرَ إِلَى أَطْوَلِ بَعِيرٍ فِي الْجَيْشِ وَأَطْوَلِ رَجُلٍ فَحَمَلَهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَجَازَ تَحْتَهُ وَقَدْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ نَحَرَ ثَلَاثَ جَزَائِرَ، ثُمَّ نَهَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، وَكَانُوا يَرَوْنَهُ قَيْسَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ \" ⦗٤٦٣⦘ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ\n\n١٨٨٤٠ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: فَأَتَيْنَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ مَعَكُمْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ؟» قُلْنَا: لَا\n\n١٨٨٤١ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: فَأَلْقَى الْبَحْرُ حُوتًا مَيِّتًا لَمْ نَرَ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا يَقُولُ: فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: كُلُوا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا ذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «كُلُوا رِزْقًا أَخْرَجَهُ اللَّهُ، أَطْعِمُونَا إِنْ كَانَ مَعَكُمْ»، فَأَتَاهُ بَعْضُهُمْ فَأَكَلَهُ\n\n١٨٨٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَقَالَ - يَعْنِي مَنْ كَرِهَ السَّمَكَ الطَّافِيَ -: «الْقِيَاسُ أَنَّهُ كُلَّهُ سَوَاءٌ، وَلَكِنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ - سَمَّى جَابِرًا أَوْ غَيْرَهُ - كَرِهَ الطَّافِيَ فَاتَّبَعْنَا فِيهِ الْأَثَرَ»\n\n١٨٨٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: مَا ضَرَبَ بِهِ الْبَحْرُ أَوْ جَزَرَ عَنْهُ، أَوْ صِيدَ مِنْهُ فَكُلْ، وَمَا مَاتَ فِيهِ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ\n\n١٨٨٤٤ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، مَوْقُوفًا وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، فَرَفَعَهُ وَرِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، كَرِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى جَابِرٍ وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، مَرْفُوعًا وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ سَيِّئُ الْحِفْظِ كَثِيرُ الْوَهْمِ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ مَرْفُوعَةٍ، وَكُلُّهَا ضَعِيفٌ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ قَوْلُ جَابِرٍ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"13","page":462},{"text":"١٨٨٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" قُلْتُ: لَوْ كُنْتَ تَتْبَعُ الْآثَارَ وَالسُّنَنَ حَتَّى تُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَ الْمُجْتَمِعِ مِنْهَا حَمِدْنَاكَ ⦗٤٦٤⦘، وَلَكِنَّكَ تَتْرُكُهَا ثَابِتَةً لَا مُخَالِفَ لَهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، وَتَأْخُذُ زَعَمْتَ بِرِوَايَةٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الطَّافِيَ، وَقَدْ أَكَلَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ سَمَكًا طَافِيًا، وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمَعَهُ زَعَمْتَ الْقِيَاسَ وَزَعَمْنَا السُّنَّةَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ،\n\n١٨٨٤٦ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ، أَكَلَ سَمَكًا طَافِيًا \"","vol":"13","page":463},{"text":"١٨٨٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ إِيَاسِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، «أَنَّهُ أَكَلَ سَمَكًا طَافِيًا»\n\n١٨٨٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، أَنَّهُ رَكِبَ الْبَحْرَ فِي رَهْطٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَوَجَدُوا سَمَكَةً طَافِيَةً عَلَى الْمَاءِ فَسَأَلُوا فِيهَا فَقَالُوا: أَطَيِّبَةٌ هِيَ لَمْ تُغَيَّرْ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَكُلُوهَا وَارْفَعُوا نَصِيبِي مِنْهَا، وَكَانَ صَائِمًا»\n\n١٨٨٤٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، وَأَبِي صِرْمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُمَا أَكَلَا الطَّافِيَ\n\n١٨٨٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «السَّمَكَةُ الطَّافِيَةُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ حَلَالٌ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَكْلَهَا»\n\n١٨٨٥١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"13","page":464},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1298>الْجَرَادُ</span>","vol":"13","page":465},{"text":"١٨٨٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَعْفُورٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالَ ⦗٤٦٦⦘: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَكْلِ الْجَرَادِ، فَقَالَ: غَزَوْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سِتَّ غَزَوَاتٍ أَوْ سَبْعَ غَزَوَاتٍ، وَكُنَّا نَأْكُلُ الْجَرَادَ \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ","vol":"13","page":465},{"text":"١٨٨٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" أُحِلَّتْ لَنَا مَيْتَتَانِ وَدَمَانِ، الْمَيْتَتَانِ: الْحُوتُ، وَالْجَرَادُ، وَالدَّمَانِ - أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ - الْكَبِدُ وَالطِّحَالُ \"\n\n١٨٨٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأُسَامَةَ بَنِي زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِمْ، مَرْفُوعًا\n\n١٨٨٥٥ - وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أُحِلَّتْ لَنَا مَيْتَتَانِ»\n\n١٨٨٥٦ - وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ، وَهُوَ فِي مَعْنَى الْمَرْفُوعِ","vol":"13","page":466},{"text":"١٨٨٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَالدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «النُّونُ وَالْجَرَادُ ذَكِيٌّ كُلُّهُ»\n\n١٨٨٥٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فِي الْجَامِعِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: «الْحِيتَانُ وَالْجَرَادُ ذَكِيٌّ كُلُّهُ»\n\n١٨٨٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي إِبَاحَةِ أَكْلِ الْجَرَادِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَالْمِقْدَادِ، وَصُهَيْبٍ","vol":"13","page":467},{"text":"١٨٨٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلَ طَبِيبٌ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ ضِفْدَعٍ يَجْعَلُهَا فِي دَوَاءٍ، فَنَهَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ قَتْلِهَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ قَارِظٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n١٨٨٦١ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ","vol":"13","page":467},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1299>٣٨ - كتاب الضحايا</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1300>بَابُ الضَّحَايَا</span>","vol":"14","page":7},{"text":"١٨٨٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ضَحَّى بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ.\n\n١٨٨٦٣ - كَذَا قَالُوا","vol":"14","page":7},{"text":"١٨٨٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ ⦗٨⦘ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُضَحِّي بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ»\n\n١٨٨٦٥ - قَالَ أَنَسٌ: وَأَنَا أُضَحِّي بِكَبْشَيْنِ،\n\n١٨٨٦٦ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ،\n\n١٨٨٦٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُظَفَّرِ الْحَافِظُ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيِّ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ لَيْسَ فِيهِ: «أَمْلَحَيْنِ»\n\n١٨٨٦٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُضَحِّي بِكَبْشَيْنِ»\n\n١٨٨٦٩ - قَالَ أَنَسٌ: وَأَنَا أُضَحِّي بِكَبْشَيْنِ\n\n١٨٨٧٠ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ أَنَسٌ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «ضَحَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ»،\n\n١٨٨٧١ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ،\n\n١٨٨٧٢ - وَهَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ هَكَذَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ «أَمْلَحَيْنِ»،\n\n١٨٨٧٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ، بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، وَأَخْرَجَ قَوْلَهُ: «أَمْلَحَيْنِ» فِي رِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ","vol":"14","page":7},{"text":"١٨٨٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ السِّمَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ:  «ضَحَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ أَقْرَنَيْنِ، فَرَأَيْتُهُ وَاضِعًا قَدَمَهُ عَلَى صِفَاحِهِمَا يُسَمِّي وَيُكَبِّرُ، فَذَبَحَهُمَا بِيَدِهِ»، رَوَاهُمَا الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ آدَمَ، وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ، حَدِيثَ قَتَادَةَ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرَيْنِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ","vol":"14","page":9},{"text":"١٨٨٧٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَانَ يُضَحِّي بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ»،\n\n١٨٨٧٦ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ مُرَادَ الْمُزَنِيِّ بِذِكْرِ «أَمْلَحَيْنِ» فِيهِ، وَدَخَلَ لِلرَّبِيعِ حَدِيثٌ فِي حَدِيثٍ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ حَدِيثَ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":9},{"text":"١٨٨٧٧ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْوَسَفَنْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ⦗١٠⦘ حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَحَّى بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ»،\n\n١٨٨٧٩ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"14","page":9},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1301>الْأَمْرُ بِالْأُضْحِيَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":11},{"text":"١٨٨٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ⦗١٢⦘ جُنْدُبًا الْبَجَلِيَّ، يَقُولُ: شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ أُنَاسًا ذَبَحُوا قَبْلَ ⦗١٣⦘ الصَّلَاةِ؟ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَلْيُعِدْ ذَبِيحَتَهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَبَحَ فَلْيَذْبَحْ عَلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ","vol":"14","page":11},{"text":"١٨٨٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَرَوَى مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، أَنَّ عُوَيْمِرَ بْنَ أَشْقَرَ «ذَبَحَ ضَحِيَّتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْدُوَ يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى، وَأَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعُودَ بِضَحِيَّةٍ أُخْرَى»","vol":"14","page":13},{"text":"١٨٨٨٢ - قَالَ: وَرَوَى مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بُرْدَةَ بْنَ نِيَارٍ \" ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعُودَ بِضَحِيَّةٍ أُخْرَى قَالَ أَبُو بُرْدَةَ: لَا أَجِدُ إِلَّا جَذَعًا؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «وَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ إِلَّا جَذَعًا فَاذْبَحْهُ» ⦗١٤⦘،\n\n١٨٨٨٣ - هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُ هَذَيْنِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ سَمَاعَهُ مِنْ مَالِكٍ، وَكَأَنَّهُ عَرَضَ لَهُ شَكٌّ، أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ نُسْخَةُ السَّمَاعِ فَتَرَكَ ذِكْرَهُ\n\n١٨٨٨٤ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ بِالسَّمَاعِ مِنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"14","page":13},{"text":"١٨٨٨٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبَّادُ بْنُ تَمِيمٍ، أَنَّ عُوَيْمِرَ بْنَ أَشْقَرَ ذَبَحَ أُضْحِيَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْدُوَ يَوْمُ الْأَضْحَى، وَأَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْدَ أَنِ انْصَرَفَ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعُودَ بِأُضْحِيَتِهِ\n\n١٨٨٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهُمَا مُنْقَطِعَانِ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَدْ ثَبُتَ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٨٨٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَاحْتُمِلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعُودَ بِضَحِيَّتِهِ أَنَّ الضَّحِيَّةَ وَاجِبَةٌ، وَاحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعُودَ إِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ؛ لِأَنَّ الضَّحِيَّةَ قَبْلَ الْوَقْتِ لَيْسَتْ بِضَحِيَّةٍ تُجْزِئُهُ، فَيَكُونَ فِي عِدَادِ مَنْ ضَحَّى، فَوَجَدْنَا الدَّلَالَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الضَّحِيَّةَ لَيْسَتْ بِوَاجِبَةٍ لَا يَحِلُّ تَرْكُهَا، وَهِيَ سُنَّةٌ نُحِبُّ لُزُومَهَا وَنَكْرَهُ تَرَكَهَا لَا عَلَى إِيجَابِهَا","vol":"14","page":14},{"text":"١٨٨٨٨ - فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَأَيْنَ السُّنَّةُ الَّتِي دَلَّتْ عَلَى أَنْ لَيْسَ بِوَاجِبَةٍ؟ قِيلَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ ⦗١٥⦘: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا دَخَلَ الْعَشْرُ، وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ، فَلَا يَمَسَّ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ، وَلَا مِنْ بَشَرِهِ شَيْئًا»\n\n١٨٨٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الضَّحِيَّةَ لَيْسَتْ بِوَاجِبَةٍ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ» وَلَوْ كَانَتِ الضَّحِيَّةُ وَاجِبَةٌ أَشْبَهَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: فَلَا يَمَسَّ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ حَتَّى يُضَحِّيَ","vol":"14","page":14},{"text":"١٨٨٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ  «بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ وَعُمَرَ ﵄ كَانَا لَا يُضَحِّيَانِ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَدَى بِهِمَا، فَيَظُنَّ مَنْ رَآهُمَا أَنَّهَا وَاجِبَةٌ»\n\n١٨٨٩١ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ \" جَلَسَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ فَقَالَ: اشْتَرُوا بِهِمَا لَحْمًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذِهِ أُضْحِيَةُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ \"\n\n١٨٨٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ كَانَ قَلَّمَا يَمُرُّ بِهِ يَوْمٌ إِلَّا نَحَرَ فِيهِ أَوْ ذَبَحَ بِمَكَّةَ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِذَلِكَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، وَلَا يَعْدُو الْقَوْلُ فِي الضَّحَايَا هَذَا، أَوْ أَنْ تَكُونَ وَاجِبَةً فَهِيَ عَلَى كُلِّ أَحَدٍ لَا تُجْزِئُ غَيْرُ شَاةٍ عَنْ كُلِّ أَحَدٍ","vol":"14","page":15},{"text":"١٨٨٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَالَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَرِيحَةَ قَالَ: «أَدْرَكْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، وَكَانَا لِي جَارَيْنِ وَكَانَا لَا يُضَحِّيَانِ»\n\n١٨٨٩٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَمُطَرِّفٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَفِي بَعْضِ حَدِيثِهِمْ: كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَدَى بِهِمَا","vol":"14","page":16},{"text":"١٨٨٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَاضِرُ بْنُ الْمُوَرِّعِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ: إِنِّي «لَأَتْرُكُ الْأَضْحَى، وَإِنِّي لَمُوسِرٌ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يَرَى جِيرَانِي وَأَهْلِي أَنَّهُ عَلَيَّ حَتْمٌ»","vol":"14","page":16},{"text":"١٨٨٩٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ \" إِذَا حَضَرَ الْأَضْحَى أَعْطَى مَوْلًى لَهُ دِرْهَمَيْنِ؛ فَقَالَ: اشْتَرِ بِهِمَا لَحْمًا، وَأَخْبِرِ النَّاسَ أَنَّهُ أَضْحَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ بُخْتٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٨٨٩٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ. . .، عَنِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ ⦗١٧⦘،\n\n١٨٨٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِحَتْمٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَجْرٌ وَخَيْرٌ وَسُنَّةٌ\n\n١٨٨٩٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي رَمْلَةَ عَنْ نَخْنَفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا وُقُوفًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَرَفَاتٍ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: \" أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ: إِنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُضْحِيَةٌ، وَعَتِيرَةٌ. وَهَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا الْعَتِيرَةُ؟ هِيَ الَّتِي يُسَمُّونَهَا الرَّجَبِيَّةُ \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو رَمْلَةَ. فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٨٩٠٠ - وَهَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ، فَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الِاسْتِحْبَابِ، فَقَدْ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْعَتِيرَةِ، وَالْعَتِيرَةُ غَيْرُ وَاجِبَةٍ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ\n\n١٨٩٠١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ وَجَدَ سَعَةً لِأَنْ يُضَحِّيَ فَلَمْ يُضَحِّ، فَلَا يَحْضُرْ مُصَلَّانَا» فَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. كَذَا قَالَهُ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ،\n\n١٨٩٠٢ - وَحَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْحُبَابِ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ،\n\n١٨٩٠٣ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَرْفُوعًا: «نَسَخَ الْأَضْحَى كُلَّ ذَبْحٍ» إِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ بِمَرَّةٍ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الْمُسَيَّبُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ ⦗١٨⦘\n\n١٨٩٠٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَسْتَدِينُ وَأُضَحِّي؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ فَإِنَّهُ دَيْنٌ مَقْضِيٌّ» إِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ، وَهَدِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَائِشَةَ. قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ. قَالَ: وَالْمُسَيِّبُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ مَتْرُوكٌ","vol":"14","page":16},{"text":"١٨٩٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي جَنَابٍ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" ثَلَاثٌ هُنَّ عَلَيَّ فَرَائِضُ، وَهُنَّ لَكُمْ تَطَوُّعٌ: النَّحْرُ، وَالْوِتْرُ، وَرَكْعَتَا الضُّحَى \"، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْغَضَائِرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَدْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَنَابٍ الْكَلْبِيُّ فَذَكَرَاهُ،\n\n١٨٩٠٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، رَفَعَهُ فِي النَّحْرِ وَصَلَاةِ الضُّحَى بِمَعْنَاهُ،\n\n١٨٩٠٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، رَفَعَهُ فِي النَّحْرِ،\n\n١٨٩٠٨ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ٢]\n⦗١٩⦘ فَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ٢] يَقُولُ: فَاذْبَحْ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ\n\n١٨٩٠٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ رَوْحِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: «وَضَعَ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الشِّمَالِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَ النَّحْرِ»،\n\n١٨٩١٠ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ صَهْبَانَ، وَقِيلَ: ابْنُ ظَبْيَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، بِمَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ،\n\n١٨٩١١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، مِثْلُهُ،\n\n١٨٩١٢ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي الْقَمُوصِ","vol":"14","page":18},{"text":"١٨٩١٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِجِبْرِيلَ ﵇:  «مَا هَذِهِ النَّحِيرَةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَنِي بِهَا رَبِّي؟» قَالَ: إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَحِيرَةٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَرْفَعَ يَدَيْكَ إِذَا كَبَّرْتَ، وَإِذَا رَكَعْتَ، وَإِذَا رَفَعْتَ رَأْسَكَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ «⦗٢٠⦘\n\n١٨٩١٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،» ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ٢] قَالَ: رَفْعُ الْيَدَيْنِ \"\n\n١٨٩١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: «صَلِّ الصَّلَاةَ بِجَمْعٍ، وَانْحَرِ الْبُدْنَ بِمِنًى»\n\n١٨٩١٦ - وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ قَالَا: «فَصَلِّ الصَّلَاةَ، وَانْحَرِ الْبُدْنَ»\n\n١٨٩١٧ - وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: «الصَّلَاةُ صَلَاةُ الْأَضْحَى، وَالنَّحْرُ نَحْرُ الْبُدْنِ»","vol":"14","page":19},{"text":"١٨٩١٨ - وَعَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ: «صَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَذْبَحَ، ثُمَّ انْحَرِ الْبُدْنَ»\n\n١٨٩١٩ - قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: وَيُقَالُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ٢] يَعْنِي اسْتَقْبَلِ الْقِبْلَةَ بِنَحْرِكَ إِذَا كَبَّرْتَ \"،\n\n١٨٩٢٠ - وَذَكَرَهُ الْفَرَّاءُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَذَكَرَ مِنْ لِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ وَأَشْعَارِهِمْ مَا يُؤَكِّدُهُ","vol":"14","page":20},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1302>الِاخْتِيَارُ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ أَنْ لَا يَمَسَّ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى يُضَحِّيَ</span>","vol":"14","page":21},{"text":"١٨٩٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا دَخَلَ الْعَشْرُ فَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ فَلَا يَمَسَّنَّ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ، وَلَا مِنْ بَشَرِهِ شَيْئًا»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ الشَّاعِرِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ كَثِيرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيِّ كَمَا","vol":"14","page":21},{"text":"١٨٩٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ كَامِلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا دَخَلَ الْعَشْرُ فَأَرَادَ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ فَلْيُمْسِكْ عَنْ شَعْرِهِ وَأَظْفَارِهِ» ⦗٢٢⦘\n\n١٨٩٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ ثَبَتَ مَرْفُوعًا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ لَا يَكُونُ مِثْلُهَا غَلَطًا، وَأَوْدَعَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ كِتَابَهُ","vol":"14","page":21},{"text":"١٨٩٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ اخْتِيَارٌ لَا وَاجِبٌ؟ قِيلَ لَهُ: رَوَى مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ قَالَتْ:  «أَنَا فَتَلْتُ قَلَائِدَ هَدْيِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدَيَّ، قَلَّدَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بِهَا مَعَ أَبِي، فَلَمْ يَحْرُمْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْءٌ أَحَلَّهُ اللَّهُ لَهُ، حَتَّى نَحَرَ الْهَدْيَ»\n\n١٨٩٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ وَعَلَى أَنَّ الْمَرْءَ لَا يُحْرِمُ بِالْبَعْثَةِ بِهَدْيِهِ يَقُولُ: الْبَعْثَةُ بِالْهَدْيِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ إِرَادَةِ الضَّحِيَّةِ،\n\n١٨٩٢٦ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"14","page":22},{"text":"١٨٩٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ قَالَ: «كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُضَحِّي بِالشَّاةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، ثُمَّ تَبَاهَى النَّاسُ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ، فَصَارَتْ مُبَاهَاةً»،\n\n١٨٩٢٨ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّإِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نُضَحِّي بِالشَّاةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ يَذْبَحُهَا الرَّجُلُ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، ثُمَّ تَبَاهَى النَّاسُ بَعْدُ، فَصَارَتْ مُبَاهَاةً» ⦗٢٣⦘\n\n١٨٩٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٨٩٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّهُ «كَانَ يُضَحِّي عَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ شَاةً» وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ","vol":"14","page":22},{"text":"١٨٩٣١ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ \" أَمَرَ بِكَبْشٍ أَقْرَنَ يَطَأُ فِي سَوَادٍ، وَيَنْظُرُ فِي سَوَادٍ، وَيَبْرُكُ فِي سَوَادٍ، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ لِيُضَحَّى بِهِ، فَقَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ هَلُمِّي الْمُدْيَةَ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اشْحَذِيهَا بِحَجَرٍ»، فَفَعَلْتُ، فَأَخَذَهَا وَأَخَذَ الْكَبْشَ، فَأَضْجَعَهُ، وَذَبَحَهُ وَقَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَمِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ»، ثُمَّ ضَحَّى بِهِ،\n\n١٨٩٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ حَيْوَةُ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو صَخْرٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ","vol":"14","page":23},{"text":"١٨٩٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا ضَحَّى أَتَى بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَقْرَنَيْنِ ⦗٢٤⦘ أَمْلَحَيْنِ مَوْجُوءَيْنِ فَيَذْبَحُ أَحَدَهُمَا عَنْ أُمَّتِهِ مَنْ شَهِدَ لِلَّهِ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ وَشَهِدَ لَهُ بِالْبَلَاغِ، وَيَذْبَحُ الْآخَرَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ \"،\n\n١٨٩٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ اللَّخْمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ","vol":"14","page":23},{"text":"١٨٩٣٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيٌّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ، أَنَّ فِيَ حَدِيثِ الْفِرْيَابِيِّ:  «إِذَا ضَحَّى اشْتَرَى كَبْشَيْنِ سَمِينَيْنِ أَقْرَنَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ مَوْجُوءَيْنِ»","vol":"14","page":24},{"text":"١٨٩٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ الْإِسْكَنْدَرَانِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَضْحَى بِالْمُصَلَّى، فَلَمَّا قَضَى خُطْبَتَهُ نَزَلَ مِنْ مِنْبَرِهِ، وَأَتَى بِكَبْشٍ فَذَبَحَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ، وَقَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، هَذَا عَنِّي، وَعَنْ مَنْ لَمْ يُضَحِّ مِنْ أُمَّتِي»\n\n١٨٩٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَلَوْ زَعَمْنَا أَنَّ الضَّحَايَا وَاجِبَةٌ مَا أَجْزَأَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ أَنْ يُضَحُّوا إِلَّا عَنْ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ شَاةً، أَوْ عَنْ كُلِّ سَبْعَةٍ بِجَزُورٍ، وَلَكِنَّهَا لَمَّا كَانَتْ غَيْرَ فَرَضٍ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا ضَحَّى فِي بَيْتِهِ كَانَتْ قَدْ وَقَعَتْ ثَمَّ اسْمُ ضَحِيَّةٍ، وَلَمْ تُعَطَّلْ، وَكَانَ مَنْ تَرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ فَرْضًا ⦗٢٥⦘\n\n١٨٩٣٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَوْلُهُ: «مَوْجُوءَيْنِ» أَرَادَ بِهِ مَنْزُوعَيِ الْخِصْيَتَيْنِ،\n\n١٨٩٣٩ - وَقِيلَ: الْوِجَاءُ أَنْ تُرَضَّ أُنْثِيَا الْفَحْلِ، وَقِيلَ: الْوِجَاءُ أَنْ تُوجَأَ الْعُرُوقُ، وَالْخِصْيَتَانِ بِحَالِهِمَا، وَالْخِصَاءُ شَقُّ الْخِصْيَتَيْنِ وَاسْتِئْصَالُهُمَا،\n\n١٨٩٤٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَيْضًا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَحَّى بِهِمَا،\n\n١٨٩٤١ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ كَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى جَوَازِ خِصَاءِ الْبَهَائِمِ، وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ\n\n١٨٩٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، \" أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ خِصَاءَ الْبَهَائِمِ، وَيَقُولُ: «لَا تَقْطَعُوا نَامِيَةَ خَلَقِ اللَّهِ»،\n\n١٨٩٤٣ - أَسْنَدَهُ بَعْضُ الضُّعَفَاءِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَالصَّحِيحُ هُوَ الْمَوْقُوفُ عَلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"14","page":24},{"text":"١٨٩٤٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ صَبْرِ الرُّوحِ»،\n\n١٨٩٤٥ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَخِصَاءُ الْبَهَائِمِ صَبْرٌ شَدِيدٌ،\n\n١٨٩٤٦ - وَقَدْ أَدْرَجَهُ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، فَجَعَلَ النَّهْيَ عَنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا، وَالصَّحِيحُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا ⦗٢٦⦘،\n\n١٨٩٤٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿وَلَآمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ﴾ [النساء: ١١٩] يَعْنِي خِصَاءَ الْبَهَائِمِ،\n\n١٨٩٤٨ - فَكَأَنَّهُ عَدَّ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَأْمُرُ بِهِ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَعَاصِي، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":25},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1303>مَا يُضَحَّى بِهِ</span>","vol":"14","page":27},{"text":"١٨٩٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" فَإِنْ ضَحَّى فَأَقَلُّ مَا يَكْفِيهِ جَذَعُ الضَّأْنِ، أَوْ ثَنِيُّ الْمَعْزِ، أَوْ ثَنِيُّ الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ، وَالْإِبِلُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُضَحَّى بِهَا مِنَ الْبَقَرِ، وَالْبَقَرُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُضَحَّى بِهَا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ،\n\n١٨٩٥٠ - وَكُلُّ مَا غَلَا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا رَخُصَ،\n\n١٨٩٥١ - وَكُلُّ مَا طَابَ لَحْمُهُ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا يَخْبُثُ لَحْمُهُ، فَالضَّأْنُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْمِعْزَى، وَالْعَفْرِيُّ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ السَّوْدَاءِ،\n\n١٨٩٥٢ - وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الضَّحَايَا إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَمٌ يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ فَخَيْرُ الدِّمَاءِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ،\n\n١٨٩٥٣ - وَقَدْ زَعَمَ بَعْضُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ: ﴿ذَلِكَ وَمَنْ يُعَظِّمْ شَعَائِرَ اللَّهِ﴾ [الحج: ٣٢] اسْتِسْمَانُ الْهَدْيِ،\n\n١٨٩٥٤ - وَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُّ الرِّقَابِ أَفْضَلُ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَغْلَاهَا ثَمَنًا، وَأَنْفَسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا» وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"14","page":27},{"text":"١٨٩٥٥ - وَالَّذِي حَكَاهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ، قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ،\n\n١٨٩٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ خَطِيبًا، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لَا يُذْبَحُ حَتَّى يُصَلَّى»، فَقَامَ خَالِي، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا يَوْمٌ اللَّحْمُ فِيهِ مَكْرُوهٌ، وَإِنِّي ذَبَحْتُ نُسُكِي فَأَطْعَمْتُ أَهْلِي وَجِيرَانِي؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «قَدْ فَعَلْتَ فَأَعِدْ ذَبِيحًا»، فَقَالَ: عِنْدِي عَنَاقُ لَبَنٍ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ شَاتَيْ لَحْمٍ؟ فَقَالَ: «هِيَ خَيْرُ نُسُكِكَ لَا تُجْزِئُ عَنْ أَحَدٍ بَعْدَكَ»\n\n١٨٩٥٧ - قَالَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ: أَظُنُّ أَنَّهَا مَاعِزٌ\n\n١٨٩٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْعَنَاقُ هِيَ مَاعِزَةٌ، كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ إِنَّمَا يُقَالُ لِلضَّانِيَةِ: رَحْلٌ\n\n١٨٩٥٩ - وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «هِيَ خَيْرُ نُسُكِكَ» أَنَّكَ ذَبَحْتَهُمَا تَنْوِي بِهِمَا نُسُكَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا قَدَّمْتَ الْأُولَى قَبْلَ وَقْتِ الذَّبْحِ كَانَتِ الْآخِرَةُ هِيَ النَّسِيكَةُ، وَالْأُولَى غَيْرُ نَسِيكَةٍ، وَإِنْ نَوَيْتَ بِهَا النَّسِيكَةَ،\n\n١٨٩٦٠ - وَقَوْلُهُ: «لَا تُجْزِئُ عَنْ أَحَدٍ بَعْدَكَ» عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَهُ خَاصَّةً،\n\n١٨٩٦١ - وَقَوْلُهُ: عَنَاقُ لَبَنٍ: يَعْنِي عَنَاقًا تُقْتَنَى لِلَّبَنِ لَا لِلذَّبْحِ","vol":"14","page":28},{"text":"١٨٩٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى مَوْلَى الْأَسْلَمِيِّينَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَتْ: أَخْبَرَتْنِي أُمُّ بِلَالٍ بِنْتُ هِلَالٍ ⦗٢٩⦘، عَنْ أَبِيهَا - هَكَذَا قَرَأَهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَجُوزُ الْجِذْعُ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُضْحِيَةً»\n\n١٨٩٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْبَرَاءِ فَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَأَمَّا هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ أَبُوهَا،\n\n١٨٩٦٤ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِزِ الْحِزَامِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ضَمْرَةَ وَهُوَ أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِيهَا، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ،\n\n١٨٩٦٥ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَبُوهَا يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٨٩٦٦ - وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ فِي حَدِيثِ مُجَاشِعٍ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"14","page":28},{"text":"١٨٩٦٧ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تَذْبَحُوا إِلَّا مُسِنَّةً إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْسُرَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَذْبَحُوا جَذَعَةً مِنَ الضَّأْنِ» ⦗٣٠⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ زُهَيْرٍ","vol":"14","page":29},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1304>مَا لَا يُضَحَّى بِهِ</span>","vol":"14","page":31},{"text":"١٨٩٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ: مَاذَا ⦗٣٢⦘ يُتَّقَى مِنَ الضَّحَايَا؟ فَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ، وَقَالَ: «أَرْبَعًا»، وَكَانَ الْبَرَاءُ يُشِيرُ بِيَدِهِ وَيَقُولُ ⦗٣٣⦘ يَدِي أَقْصَرُ مِنْ يَدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «الْعَرْجَاءُ الْبَيِّنُ ظَلْعُهَا، وَالْعَوْرَاءُ الْبَيِّنُ عَوَرُهَا، وَالْمَرِيضَةُ الْبَيِّنُ مَرَضُهَا، وَالْعَجْفَاءُ الَّتِي لَا تُنْقِي»، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٨٩٦٩ - وَزَعَمَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَارِثِ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ، وَيَزِيدُ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدٍ، ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ فَيْرُوزَ،\n١٨٩٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ مَوْلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ،\n\n١٨٩٧١ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، وَسَائِرُ أَصْحَابِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْقَاسِمِ فِيهِ،\n\n١٨٩٧٢ - وَكَانَ الْبُخَارِيُّ يَمِيلُ إِلَى تَصْحِيحِ رِوَايَةِ شُعْبَةَ، وَلَا يَرْضَى رِوَايَةَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":31},{"text":"١٨٩٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سُرَيْجُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ وَكَانَ رَجُلَ صِدْقٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ:  «أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ الْعَيْنَ وَالْأُذُنَيْنِ، وَلَا نُضَحِّي بِعَوْرَاءَ، وَلَا مُقَابَلَةٍ، وَلَا مُدَابَرَةٍ، وَلَا خَرْقَاءَ، وَلَا شَرْقَاءَ»\n\n١٨٩٧٤ - قَالَ زُهَيْرٌ: فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي إِسْحَاقَ: أَذَكَرَ عَضْبَاءَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: فَمَا الْمُقَابَلَةُ؟ قَالَ: يُقْطَعُ طَرَفُ الْأُذُنِ، قُلْتُ: فَمَا الْمُدَابَرَةُ؟ قَالَ: يُقْطَعُ مُؤَخِّرُ الْأُذُنِ، قُلْتُ: فَمَا الشَّرْقَاءُ؟ قَالَ: شَقُّ الْأُذُنِ، قُلْتُ: فَمَا الْخَرْقَاءُ؟ قَالَ: تُخْرَقُ أُذُنُهَا لِلسِّمَةِ","vol":"14","page":34},{"text":"١٨٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَاسَرْجِسِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ مِنْ سَمَاعِهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ التَّجِيبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَخِي حَرْمَلَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمِّي حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْغَنَمِ:. . .، فَذَكَرَ كَلَامًا كَثِيرًا ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَمِنْهُنَّ الشَّرْقَاءُ وَالْخَرْقَاءُ، وَالْمُقَابَلَةُ، وَالْمُدَابَرَةُ، وَالْجَدْعَاءُ، وَالْقَصْوَاءُ، وَالْعَضْبَاءُ، وَالْجَلْحَاءُ، وَذَكَرَ غَيْرَهُنَّ\n\n١٨٩٧٦ - قَالَ: فَأَمَّا الشَّرْقَاءُ: فَالْمَشْقُوقَةُ الْأُذُنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ طُولًا،\n\n١٨٩٧٧ - وَالْخَرْقَاءُ: الَّتِي فِي أُذُنِهَا ثُقْبٌ مُسْتَدِيرٌ،\n\n١٨٩٧٨ - وَالْمُقَابَلَةُ: الَّتِي قُطِعَ مِنْ مُقَدَّمِ أُذُنِهَا وَتُرِكَ مُعَلَّقًا كَأَنَّهُ زَنَمَةٌ،\n\n١٨٩٧٩ - وَالْمُدَابَرَةُ: الَّتِي قُطِعَ مِنْ مُؤَخَّرِ الْأُذُنِ قَلِيلًا وَتُرِكَ مُعَلَّقًا،\n\n١٨٩٨٠ - وَالْجَدْعَاءُ: الَّتِي قَدْ جُدِعَتْ أُذُنُهَا كُلُّهَا،\n\n١٨٩٨١ - وَالْقَصْوَاءُ: الْمَقْطُوعَةُ الْأُذُنِ بِالْعَرْضِ،\n\n١٨٩٨٢ - وَالْعَضْبَاءُ: الْمَكْسُورَةُ الْقَرْنِ ⦗٣٥⦘،\n\n١٨٩٨٣ - وَالْعَرْجَاءُ: الَّتِي لَا تَلْحَقُ الْغَنَمَ،\n\n١٨٩٨٤ - وَالْعَقْصَاءُ: الْمُلْتَوِيَةُ الْقَرْنِ،\n\n١٨٩٨٥ - وَالْجَلْحَاءُ: الْجَمَّاءُ، وَالصَّمْعَاءُ الصَّغِيرَةُ الْأُذُنِ،\n\n١٨٩٨٦ - وَالْعَرْمَاءُ: مَيْلُ الْقَرْنِ إِلَى الْقَرْنِ\n\n١٨٩٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَإِذَا زَعَمْنَا أَنَّ الْعَرْجَاءَ وَالْعَوْرَاءَ لَا تَجُوزُ فِي الضَّحِيَّةِ كَانَتْ إِذَا كَانَتْ عَمْيَاءُ أَوْ لَا يَدَ لَهَا، وَلَا رِجْلَ دَاخِلَةً فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى وَفِي أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ، وَإِذَا خُلِقَتْ لَهَا أُذُنٌ مَا كَانَتْ أَجْزَأَتْ، وَإِنْ خُلِقَتْ لَا أُذُنَ لَهَا لَمْ تُجْزِئْ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ جُدِعَتْ لَمْ تُجْزِئْ؛ لِأَنَّ هَذَا نَقْصٌ مِنَ الْمَأْكُولِ مِنْهَا. وَلَا تُجْزِئُ الْجَزْبَاءُ\n\n١٨٩٨٨ - قَالَ: وَلَيْسَ فِي الْقَرْنِ نَقْصٌ فَيُضَحَّى بِالْجَلْحَاءِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَرْنُهَا مَكْسُورًا قَلِيلًا أَوْ كَثِيرًا يُدْمِي أَوْ لَا يُدْمِي فَهِيَ تُجْزِئُ، وَهَذَا فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٨٩٨٩ - وَعَلَى قِيَاسِ هَذَا قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: وَيُنْظَرُ فِي الْخَرْقَاءِ وَالشَّرْقَاءِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ مِنْهَا قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ اللَّحْمِ لَمْ تُجْزِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْهَبْ كَرِهْنَا لَهُ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ بِهَا، وَإِنْ ضَحَّى جَازَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِيهِ نَقْصٌ مِنَ الْمَأْكُولِ مِنْهَا،\n\n١٨٩٩٠ - وَهُوَ قِيَاسُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مَكْسُورَةِ الْقَرْنِ: «لَا يَضُرُّكَ»","vol":"14","page":34},{"text":"١٨٩٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى، وَقَبِيصَةُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ حُجَيَّةَ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْبَقَرَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: تُجْزِئُ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ قَالَ: مَكْسُورَةُ الْقَرْنِ؟ قَالَ: لَا يَضُرُّكَ قَالَ: الْعَرْجَاءُ؟ قَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْمَنْسَكَ  «أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ الْعَيْنَ وَالْأُذُنَ» ⦗٣٦⦘\n\n١٨٩٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى ضِعْفِ رِوَايَةِ جُرَيِّ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ: عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُضَحَّى بِعَضْبَاءِ الْأُذُنِ وَالْقَرْنِ. لِأَنَّ عَلِيًّا لَمْ يُخَالِفِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، أَوْ يَكُونُ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ نَهْيُ تَنْزِيهٍ لِتَكُونَ الْأُضْحِيَةُ كَامِلَةً مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْوُجُوهِ، أَوْ يَكُونَ النَّهْيُ رَاجِعًا إِلَيْهِمَا مَعًا، وَيَكُونَ الْمَانِعُ مِنَ الْجَوَازِ مَا ذَهَبَ مِنَ الْأُذُنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٨٩٩٣ - وَفِيهِ أَيْضًا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْقَرْحَ إِذَا كَانَ يَسِيرًا لَا يَمْنَعُ الْمَشْيَ لَا يَمْنَعُ مِنَ الْإِجْزَاءِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ،\n\n١٨٩٩٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ فِي مَكْسُورَةِ الْقَرْنِ مِثْلُ قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"14","page":35},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1305>وَقْتُ الْأَضْحَى</span>","vol":"14","page":37},{"text":"١٨٩٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَمَنْ ضَحَّى قَبْلَ الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي يُمَكِّنُ الْإِمَامُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَيَتَكَلَّمُ - يَعْنِي الْخُطْبَةَ - فَيَفْرُغَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ أَعَادَ، وَلَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَى انْصِرَافِ الْإِمَامِ لِأَنَّ الْيَوْمَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُؤَخِّرُ وَيُقَدِّمُ، إِنَّمَا الْوَقْتُ فِي قَدْرِ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الَّذِي كَانَ يَضَعُهَا مَوْضِعَهَا»","vol":"14","page":37},{"text":"١٨٩٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِحَدِيثِهِ هَذَا قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْبُخَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاتَنَا، وَنَسَكَ نُسُكَنَا فَقَدْ أَصَابَ النُّسُكَ، وَمَنْ نَسَكَ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَتِلْكَ شَاةُ لَحْمٍ» قَالَ أَبُو بُرْدَةَ بْنُ نِيَارٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ نَسَكْتُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَخْرُجَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ الْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ فَتَعَجَّلْتُ فَأَكَلْتُ وَأَطْعَمْتُ أَهْلِي وَجِيرَانِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَقَدْ فَعَلْتَ فَأَعِدْ ذَبْحًا آخَرَ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ عِنْدِي عَنَاقًا لِي خَيْرٌ مِنْ شَاتَيْ لَحْمٍ أَفَأَذْبَحُهَا؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ وَهِيَ خَيْرُ نُسُكِكَ، وَلَا تَقْضِي جَذَعَةٌ عَنْ أَحَدٍ بَعْدَكَ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ هَنَّادٍ،\n\n١٨٩٩٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الْعِيدَيْنِ قَدْرَ صَلَاتِهِ وَوَقْتَهَا","vol":"14","page":37},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1306>ذِكَاةُ الْمَقْدُورِ عَلَيْهِ</span>","vol":"14","page":38},{"text":"١٨٩٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" كَمَالُ الذَّكَاةِ بِأَرْبَعَةٍ: الْحُلْقُومِ، وَالْمَرِّيءِ، وَالْوَدْجَيْنِ، وَأَقَلُّ مَا يَكْفِي مِنَ الذَّكَاةِ اثْنَانِ: الْحُلْقُومُ، وَالْمَرِّيءُ \" ⦗٣٩⦘،\n\n١٨٩٩٩ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ مَأْكُولًا مِنْ طَائِرٍ أَوْ دَابَّةٍ فَإِنْ يُذْبَحْ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، وَذَلِكَ سُنَّتُهُ وَدِلَالَةُ الْكِتَابِ فِيهِ، وَالْبَقَرُ دَاخِلَةٌ فِي ذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً﴾ [البقرة: ٦٧] وَحِكَايَتُهُ، فَقَالَ: ﴿فَذَبَحُوهَا﴾ [البقرة: ٧١]\n\n١٩٠٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِلَّا الْإِبِلُ فَقَطْ فَإِنَّهَا تُنْحَرُ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَحَرَ بُدْنَةً»\n\n١٩٠٠١ - وَاحْتُجَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَرْمَلَةَ، بِحَدِيثِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَحَرَ مِنْ هَدْيِهِ بِضْعًا وَسِتِّينَ»\n\n١٩٠٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا: وَمَوْضِعُ النَّحْرِ فِي الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي السُّنَّةِ فِي اللَّبَّةِ،\n\n١٩٠٠٣ - وَمَوْضِعُ الذَّبْحِ فِي الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي السُّنَّةِ أَسْفَلُ مِنَ اللِّحْيَيْنِ،\n\n١٩٠٠٤ - وَالذَّكَاةُ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا يَنْحَرُ، وَيَذْبَحُ مَا بَيْنَ اللَّبَّةِ وَالْحَلْقِ\n\n١٩٠٠٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «الذَّكَاةُ فِي اللَّبَّةِ وَالْحَلْقِ» - يَعْنِي لِمَنْ قَدِرَ -\n١٩٠٠٦ - قَالَ: وَرُوِيَ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَزَادَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «وَلَا تَعْجَلُوا الْأَنْفُسَ أَنْ تَزْهَقَ»\n\n١٩٠٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا قَدْ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فِي الْجَامِعِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: الذَّكَاةُ فِي الْحَلْقِ وَاللَّبَّةِ","vol":"14","page":38},{"text":"١٩٠٠٨ - وَعَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ فُرَافِصَةَ الْحَنَفِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «الذَّكَاةُ فِي الْحَلْقِ وَاللَّبَّةِ، وَلَا تَعْجَلُوا الْأَنْفُسَ أَنْ تَزْهَقَ» ⦗٤٠⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَهُمَا\n\n١٩٠٠٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يُجْزِئُ الذَّبْحُ مِنَ النَّحْرِ، وَالنَّحْرُ مِنَ الذَّبْحِ فِي الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ»","vol":"14","page":39},{"text":"١٩٠١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ:  «وَنَهَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَنِ النَّخَعِ وَأَنْ تَعْجَلَ الْأَنْفُسَ أَنْ تَزْهَقَ»\n\n١٩٠١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالنَّخْعُ أَنْ تُذْبَحَ الشَّاةُ، ثُمَّ يُكْسَرَ قَفَاهَا مِنْ مَوْضِعِ الذَّبْحِ لِنَخْعِهِ أَوْ لِمَكَانِ الْكِسَرِ فِيهِ، أَوْ تُضْرَبَ لِتَعْجِيلِ قَطْعِ حَرَكَتِهَا، فَأَكْرَهُ هَذَا، وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهَا ذَكِيَّةٌ\n\n١٩٠١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ «نَهَى عَنِ الْفَرْسِ فِي الذَّبِيحَةِ»،\n\n١٩٠١٣ - وَفَسَّرَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ بِالْكَسْرِ، وَهُوَ أَنْ تُكْسَرَ رَقَبَةُ الذَّبِيحَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُبْرَدَ، وَفَسَّرَ النَّخَعَ بِأَنْ يُنْتَهَى بِالذَّبْحِ إِلَى النِّخَاعِ، وَهُوَ عَظْمٌ فِي الرَّقَبَةِ","vol":"14","page":40},{"text":"١٩٠١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ، عَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ الْإِحْسَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، فَإِذَا قَتَلْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الْقِتْلَةَ، وَإِذَا ذَبَحْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الذَّبْحَ، وَلْيُحِدَّ أَحَدُكُمْ شَفْرَتَهُ وَلْيُرِحْ ذَبِيحَتَهُ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَنْظَلِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ","vol":"14","page":40},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1307>ذَبَائِحُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ</span>","vol":"14","page":41},{"text":"١٩٠١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ طَعَامَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَكَانَ طَعَامُهُمْ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ مَنْ حَفِظْتُ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ ذَبَائِحَهُمْ، وَكَانَتِ الْآثَارُ عَلَى إِحْلَالِ ذَبَائِحِهِمْ ⦗٤٢⦘، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ يُسَمُّونَهَا لِلَّهِ فَهِيَ حَلَالٌ، وَإِنْ كَانْ لَهُمْ ذَبْحٌ آخَرُ يُسَمَّوْنَ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرَ اسْمِ اللَّهِ مِثْلَ اسْمِ الْمَسِيحِ لَمْ يَحِلَّ هَذَا مِنْ ذَبَائِحِهِمْ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٩٠١٦ - وَلَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ثُمَّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَمَكْحُولٍ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: طَعَامُهُمْ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ،\n\n١٩٠١٧ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَلِيمِيِّ، أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى يَذْبَحُونَ لِلَّهِ ﷿؛ لِأَنَّ مَعْبُودَهُمْ فِي أَصْلِ دِينِهِمَا لَيْسَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى جَدُّهُ، وَإِيَّاهُ يَنْحُوَانِ بِذَبَائِحِهِمَا\n\n١٩٠١٨ - قَالَ: وَلَوْ أَنَّ نَصْرَانِيًّا قَالَ: بِاسْمِ الْمَسِيحِ أَوْ بِاسْمِ عِيسَى، فَلَا يَخْلُو مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَابِحًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى جَدُّهُ، لَأَنَّهُ لَا يَقُولُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ مِنَ النَّصَارَى إِلَّا مَنْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَالٌّ فِي الْمَسِيحِ وَمُتَّحِدٌ بِهِ، وَلَيْسَ عِيسَى سِوَاهُ، وَلَا مُتَمَيِّزًا عَنْهُ، لَا أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: لَا شَيْءَ سِوَى عِيسَى،\n\n١٩٠١٩ - وَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ فَهُوَ: إِذَا قَالَ: «بِاسْمِ الْمَسِيحِ»، فَإِنَّمَا يَخُصُّ الْمَسِيحَ بِالتَّسْمِيَةِ لِمَا هُوَ مُخْتَصٌّ بِهِ عِنْدَهُ، وَاخْتِصَاصُهُ عِنْدَهُ بِأَنَّ الْإِلَهَ مُتَّحِدٌ بِهِ، فَقَدْ صَارَ قَصْدُهُ إِذًا مِنْ ذِكْرِ الْمَسِيحِ ذِكْرَ الْإِلَهِ فَحَصَلَ ذَابِحًا لِلَّهِ، فَلِذَلِكَ حَلَّتْ ذَبِيحَتُهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٠٢٠ - وَأَمَّا صَاحِبُ التَّقْرِيبِ، فَإِنَّهُ حَكَى عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، مَا حَكَيْنَاهُ مِنْ ذَبْحِ النَّصَارَى للْمَسِيحِ،\n\n١٩٠٢١ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَمَعْنَاهُ أَنْ يَذْبَحَهُ لَهُ، فَأَمَّا إِنْ ذَكَرَ الْمَسِيحَ عَلَى مَعْنَى الصَّلَاةِ كَالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَائِزٌ ⦗٤٣⦘\n\n١٩٠٢٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحَبُّ لِلْمَرْءِ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى ذَبْحَ نُسُكِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُرْوَى: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ: فَاطِمَةَ، أَوْ غَيْرِهَا: «احْضَرِي ذَبْحَ نُسُكِكِ فَإِنَّهُ يُغْفَرُ لَكِ عِنْدَ أَوَّلِ قَطْرَةٍ مِنْهَا»","vol":"14","page":41},{"text":"١٩٠٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ قَدْ رَوَى هَذَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِفَاطِمَةَ: \" قَوْمِي فَاشْهَدِي أُضْحِيَتَكِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُغْفَرُ بِأَوَّلِ قَطْرَةٍ تَقْطُرُ مِنْ دَمِهَا كُلُّ ذِئْبٍ عَمِلْتِيهُ، وَقُولِي: ﴿إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَأَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ﴾ \"\n\n١٩٠٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْعُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَائِشَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَجْلِيُّ إِمَامُ مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ عِمْرَانُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا لَكَ وَلِأَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ خَاصَّةً، فَأَهْلُ ذَلِكَ أَنْتُمْ، أُمْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً؟ قَالَ «لَا بَلْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً»\n\n١٩٠٢٥ - وَرُوِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ ⦗٤٤⦘\n\n١٩٠٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ ذَبَحَ النَّسِيكَةَ غَيْرُ مَالِكِهَا أَجْزَأَتْ: لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَحَرَ بَعْضَ هَدْيِهِ بِيَدِهِ، وَنَحَرَ بَعْضُهُ غَيْرُهُ،\n\n١٩٠٢٧ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ\n١٩٠٢٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ نَسِيكَةً لِلْمُسْلِمِ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيُّ»،\n\n١٩٠٢٩ - وَرُوِّينَا أَيْضًا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْحَكَمِ فِي نَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبٍ، قَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْجِزْيَةِ","vol":"14","page":43},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1308>التَّسْمِيَةُ عَلَى الذَّبِيحَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":45},{"text":"١٩٠٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأُحِبُّ فِي الذَّبِيحَةِ أَنْ تُوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ قَالَ: «وَإِنِ اسْتَقْبَلَ الذَّابِحُ الْقِبْلَةَ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ»\n\n١٩٠٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ فِي أُضْحِيَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا وَجَّهَهَا قَالَ كَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ الْقِبْلَةِ ⦗٤٦⦘\n\n١٩٠٣٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ «كَانَ يُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ إِذَا ذَبَحَ»،\n\n١٩٠٣٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ ذَبِيحَةً ذُبِحَتْ لِغَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَهَذَا عَلَى التَّنْزِيهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٠٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالتَّسْمِيَةُ عَلَى الذَّبِيحَةِ «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ»، فَإِنْ زَادَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ فَالزِّيَادَةُ خَيْرٌ،\n\n١٩٠٣٥ - وَلَا أَكْرَهُ مَعَ تَسْمِيَتِهِ عَلَى الذَّبِيحَةِ أَنْ يَقُولَ «صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ» بَلْ أَحَبُّ لَهُ، وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُكْثِرَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n١٩٠٣٦ - فَصَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ الْحَالَاتِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ وَالصَّلَاةَ عَلَيْهِ إِيمَانٌ بِاللَّهِ وَعُبَادَةٌ لَهُ يُؤْجَرُ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَنْ قَالَهَا\n\n١٩٠٣٧ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَتَقَدَّمَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَتَبِعَهُ، فَوَجَدَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ سَاجِدًا، فَوَقَفَ يَنْتَظِرُهُ، فَأَطَالَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ: فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: لَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ قَبَضَ رُوحَكَ فِي سُجُودِكَ، فَقَالَ: \" يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنِّي لَمَّا كُنْتُ حَيْثُ رَزَيْتَنِي لَقِيَنِي جِبْرِيلُ ﵇، فَأَخْبَرَنِي عَنِ اللَّهِ ﷿ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيْكَ صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَجَدَتُ لِلَّهِ شُكْرًا» ⦗٤٧⦘\n\n١٩٠٣٨ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ نَسِيَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيَّ خُطِئَ طَرِيقَ الْجَنَّةِ»، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"14","page":45},{"text":"١٩٠٣٩ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ: فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَارِجٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَتَبِعْتُهُ أَمْشِي وَرَاءَهُ وَلَا يَشْعُرُ، حَتَّى دَخَلَ نَخْلًا فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَأَطَالَ السُّجُودَ وَأَنَا وَرَاءَهُ، حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ تَوَفَّاهُ، فَأَقْبَلْتُ أَمْشِي حَتَّى جِئْتُهُ فَطَأْطَأْتُ رَأْسِي أَنْظُرُ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ، فَقَالَ: «مَا لَكَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: لَمَّا أَطَلْتَ السُّجُودَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ حَسِبْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ تَوَفَّى نَفْسَكَ، فَجِئْتُ أَنْظُرَ، فَقَالَ: \" إِنِّي لَمَّا دَخَلْتُ النَّخْلَ لَقِيتُ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أُبَشِّرُكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكَ سَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيْكَ صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ»،\n\n١٩٠٤٠ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ: «فَسَجَدْتُ لِلَّهِ شُكْرًا»","vol":"14","page":47},{"text":"١٩٠٤١ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي: فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْبَاغَنْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ⦗٤٨⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ نَسِيَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيَّ خُطِئَ بِهِ طَرِيقُ الْجَنَّةِ»\n\n١٩٠٤٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْعَمِّيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: \" لَا تَذْكُرُونِي عِنْدَ ثَلَاثٍ: تَسْمِيَةِ الطَّعَامِ، وَعِنْدَ الذَّبْحِ، وَعِنْدَ الْعُطَاسِ \" فَإِنَّهُ بَاطِلٌ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ: مِنْهَا انْقِطَاعُهُ، وَمِنْهَا ضَعْفُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ، وَمِنْهَا تَفَرُّدُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى السِّجْزِيِّ بِذَلِكَ وَهُوَ فِي عِدَادِ مَنْ يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ","vol":"14","page":47},{"text":"١٩٠٤٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَ الْعُطَاسِ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: \" عَطَسَ رَجُلٌ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: قَدْ بَخِلْتَ، فَهَلَّا حَيْثُ حَمِدْتَ اللَّهَ، صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \"","vol":"14","page":48},{"text":"١٩٠٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ وَجْهٍ لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ أَنَّهُ ضَحَّى بِكَبْشَيْنِ، فَقَالَ فِي أَحَدِهِمَا بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ: «اللَّهُمَّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ»، وَفِي الْآخَرِ: «اللَّهُمَّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ»\n\n١٩٠٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ ⦗٤٩⦘، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"14","page":48},{"text":"١٩٠٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُضَحِّي بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ أَقْرَنَيْنِ مُوجَأَيْنِ، فَيُضْجِعُ أَحَدَهُمَا، فَيَقُولُ «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنْكَ وَلَكَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ»، ثُمَّ يُضْجِعُ الْآخَرَ، فَيَقُولُ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنْكَ وَلَكَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأُمَّتِهِ مَنْ شَهِدَ لَكَ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ وَشَهِدَ لِي بِالْبَلَاغِ»،\n\n١٩٠٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَلْمُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْآدَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ \"، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: عَنْ عَائِشَةَ\n\n١٩٠٤٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٩٠٤٩ - وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ\n\n١٩٠٥٠ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَلَعَلَّهُ سَمِعَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ\n\n١٩٠٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَصَحُّ إِسْنَادٍ فِيهِ عِنْدَ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدِيثُ ابْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْكَبْشِ الَّذِي ذَبَحَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَمَنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ» ثُمَّ ضَحَّى بِهِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ ⦗٥٠⦘\n\n١٩٠٥٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي ذَبْحِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْكَبْشَيْنِ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا وَجَّهَهُمَا قَالَ: «إِنِّي وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِي. . .» إِلَى آخِرِ الدُّعَاءِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ مِنْكَ وَلَكَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأُمَّتِهِ، بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ»، ثُمَّ ذَبَحَ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُخْرَجٌ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ","vol":"14","page":49},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1309>الْأُضْحِيَةُ يُصِيبُهَا بَعْدَ مَا يُوجِبُهَا نَقْصٌ</span>\n١٩٠٥٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: \" مَنِ اشْتَرَى هَدْيًا، أَوْ ضَحِيَّةً فَأَوْجَبَهَا وَهِيَ تَامَّةٌ، ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لَهَا نَقْصٌ، وَبَلَغَتِ النُّسُكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ \"","vol":"14","page":51},{"text":"١٩٠٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، \" رَأَى هَدَايَا لَهُ فِيهَا نَاقَةٌ عَوْرَاءُ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ أَصَابَهَا بَعْدَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتُمُوهَا فَأَمْضُوهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَصَابَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَشْتَرُوهَا فَأَبْدِلُوهَا \"، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْفَرَّاءُ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٠٥٥ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ","vol":"14","page":51},{"text":"١٩٠٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ جَابِرِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَرَظَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: اشْتَرَيْتُ كَبْشًا لِأُضَحِّيَ بِهِ، فَأَفْلَتَ فَعَدَا عَلَيْهِ الذِّئْبُ، فَقَطَعَ أَلْيَتَهُ، فَسَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «ضَحِّ بِهِ»،\n\n١٩٠٥٧ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ، وَشُعْبَةُ، وَإِسْرَائِيلُ، وَشَرِيكٌ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْجُعْفِيِّ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «فَقَطَعَ الذِّئْبُ أَلْيَتَهُ، أَوْ مِنْ أَلْيَتِهِ» ⦗٥٢⦘\n\n١٩٠٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِالْأُضْحِيَةِ الْمَقْطُوعَةِ الذَّنَبِ»\n\n١٩٠٥٩ - وَنَحْنُ لَا نَحْتَجُّ بِالْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، وَلَا بِجَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، وَاعْتِمَادُنَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْأَثَرِ عَلَى حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالَّذِي يَطْعَنُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِمَا قَدْ يُحْتَجُّ بِهِمَا إِذَا رَوَيَا مَا يُوَافِقُ مُذْهَبَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ يُعَلِّقُ بِرَاوِيَةِ مَنْ رَوَاهُ بِالشَّكِّ \" فِي أَلْيَتِهِ، أَوْ مِنْ أَلْيَتِهِ، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ فِيَ مَذْهَبِ صَاحِبِهِ إِذَا كَانَ الْمَقْطُوعُ أَقَلَّ مِنَ الرُّبُعِ ضَحَّى بِهِ، وَفِي مَذْهَبِ صَاحِبَيْهِ إِذَا كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنَ النِّصْفِ ضَحَّى بِهِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ أَكْثَرَ وَإِذَا لَمْ نَقُلْ بِالْحَدِيثِ وَلَا بِالْأَثَرِ، فَمَنْ حَدَّ لَهُمْ هَذَا الْمِقْدَارَ الَّذِي يَرَوْنَهُ، وَالتَّحْدِيدُ لَا يُوجَدُ إِلَّا مِنْ تَوْقِيفٍ\n\n١٩٠٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّمَا نَظَرَ فِي هَذَا كُلِّهِ إِلَى يَوْمٍ يُوجِبُهُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ تَامًّا وَبَلَغَ مَا جَعَلَهُ لَهُ، أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ بِتَمَامِهِ عِنْدَ الْإِيجَابِ وَبُلُوغِهِ أَمَدَهُ","vol":"14","page":51},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1310>الْأُضْحِيَةُ تَضِلُّ ثُمَّ تُوجَدُ</span>\n١٩٠٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ذَبْحَهَا وَإِنْ مَضَتْ أَيَّامُ النَّحْرِ\n\n١٩٠٦٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَاقَتْ بَدَنَتَيْنِ فَضَلَّتَا، فَنَحَرَتْ بَدَنَتَيْنِ مَكَانَهُمَا، ثُمَّ وَجَدَتِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ فَنَحَرَتْهَما أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: «هَكَذَا السُّنَّةُ فِي الْبُدْنِ»\n\n١٩٠٦٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ «هَكَذَا السُّنَّةُ»","vol":"14","page":53},{"text":"١٩٠٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَبَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي طَالِبٍ الْحِجَا الضُّبَعِيِّ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي \" الرَّجُلِ تَضِلُّ هَدْيُهُ فَيَشْتَرِي مَكَانَهَا أُخْرَى ثُمَّ يَجِدُ الْأُولَى قَالَ: يَنْحَرُهَا \"،\n\n١٩٠٦٥ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁","vol":"14","page":53},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1311>لُحُومُ الضَّحَايَا</span>","vol":"14","page":54},{"text":"١٩٠٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يَأْكُلَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ لَحْمِ نُسُكِهِ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ»\n\n١٩٠٦٧ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى عَلِيٍّ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: فَبَدَأَ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى أَنْ نَأْكُلَ مِنْ لُحُومِ نُسُكِنَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٥٥⦘، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"14","page":54},{"text":"١٩٠٦٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَأْكُلَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ نُسُكِهِ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ»، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"14","page":55},{"text":"١٩٠٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الضَّحَايَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْدُ: «كُلُوا وَتَزَوَّدُوا وَادَّخِرُوا»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"14","page":55},{"text":"١٩٠٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ لَا تَأْكُلُوا لُحُومَ الْأَضَاحِي فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ» قَالَ: فَشَكُوا إِلَيْهِ، قَالُوا: عِيَالُنَا وَأَهْلُنَا؟ قَالَ: «فَكُلُوا وَأَطْعِمُوا وَاحْبِسُوا»،\n\n١٩٠٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ إِيَاسٍ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِ الثَّقَفِيِّ وَمَعْنَاهُ ⦗٥٦⦘، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ،\n\n١٩٠٧٢ - وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ إِنَّمَا رَخَّصَ الرُّخْصَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ","vol":"14","page":55},{"text":"١٩٠٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: \" قَدِمَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ مِنْ سَفَرٍ فَوَجَدَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ مِنْ لَحْمِ الْأَضَاحِي، فَأَنْكَرَهُ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَدَثَ بَعْدَكَ أَمْرٌ، فَأَتَى أَخَاهُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ قَتَادَةَ بْنَ النُّعْمَانِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، فَقَالَ: قَدْ حَدَثَ بَعْدَكَ أَمْرٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ \"،\n\n١٩٠٧٤ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَبَّابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِمَا","vol":"14","page":56},{"text":"١٩٠٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الضَّحَايَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ»\n\n١٩٠٧٦ - قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَمْرَةَ، فَقَالَتْ: صَدَقَ، سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ، تَقُولُ: دَفَّ النَّاسُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ حَضْرَةَ الْأَضْحَى فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ادَّخِرُوا لِثَلَاثٍ وَتَصَدَّقُوا بِمَا بَقِيَ» قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدْ كَانَ النَّاسُ يَنْتَفِعُونَ مِنْ ضَحَايَاهُمْ يَجْمُلُونَ مِنْهَا الْوَدَكَ وَيَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهَا الْأَسْقِيَةَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَمَا ذَاكَ؟»، أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَهَيْتَ عَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الضَّحَايَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ؟ ⦗٥٧⦘ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا نَهَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ أَجْلِ الدَّافَّةِ الَّتِي دَفَّتْ حَضْرَةَ الْأَضْحَى، فَكُلُوا وَتَصَدَّقُوا وَادَّخِرُوا»،\n\n١٩٠٧٧ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نَهَيْتَ عَنْ إِمْسَاكِ لُحُومِ الضَّحَايَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَوْحٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٩٠٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَثْنَاءِ مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: الْحَدِيثُ التَّامُّ الْمَحْفُوظُ أَوَّلُهُ وَآخِرُهُ، وَسَبَبُ التَّحْرِيمِ وَالْإِحْلَالِ فِيهِ حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَعَلَى مَنْ عَلِمَهُ أَنْ يَصِيرَ إِلَيْهِ\n\n١٩٠٧٩ - قَالَ: فَالرُّخْصَةُ بَعْدَهَا لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْ مَعْنَيَيْنِ، أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: إِمَّا لِاخْتِلَافِ الْحَالَيْنِ، فَإِذَا دَفَّتِ الدَّافَّةُ ثَبَتَ النَّهْيُ عَنْ إِمْسَاكِ لُحُومِ الضَّحَايَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ، وَإِذَا لَمْ تَدُفَّ دَافَّةٌ فَالرُّخْصَةُ ثَابِتَةٌ بِالْأَكْلِ وَالتَّزَوُّدِ وَالِادِّخَارِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّهْيُ عَنْ إِمْسَاكِ لُحُومِ الضَّحَايَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ مَنْسُوخًا فِي كُلِّ حَالٍ، فَيُمْسِكَ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ ضَحِيَّتِهِ مَا شَاءَ وَيَتَصَدَّقَ بِمَا شَاءَ\n\n١٩٠٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُوا وَأَطْعِمُوا وَادَّخِرُوا، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ الْعَامَ كَانَ فِيهِ شِدَّةٌ» أَوْ كَلِمَةٌ تُشْبِهُهَا «فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَفْشُوَ فِيهِمْ»،\n\n١٩٠٨١ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّهْيَ كَانَ لِلْمَعْنَى الَّذِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ، كَمَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي حَدِيثِ بُرَيْدَةَ، وَنُبَيْشَةَ بِمَعْنَاهُمَا ⦗٥٨⦘\n\n١٩٠٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُشْبِهُ، لِأَنْ يَكُونَ نَهْيُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ إِمْسَاكِ لُحُومِ الضَّحَايَا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ إِذَا كَانَتِ الدَّافَّةُ عَلَى مَعْنَى الِاخْتِيَارِ لَا عَلَى مَعْنَى الْفَرْضِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا﴾ [الحج: ٢٨]\n\n١٩٠٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كُنَّا نُمَلِّحُ مِنْهُ، وَنَقْدُمُ بِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا تَأْكُلُوا مِنْهُ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ»،\n\n١٩٠٨٤ - وَلَيْسَتْ بِعَزِيمَةٍ، وَلَكِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَطْعَمُوا مِنْهُ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ،\n\n١٩٠٨٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّيْنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أَرْخَصَ فِيهِ بَعْدَ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ مُطْلَقًا","vol":"14","page":56},{"text":"١٩٠٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ: \" إِنَّا لَنَدَعُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ضَحَايَانَا، ثُمَّ نَتَزَوَّدُ مِنْ بَقِيَّتِهَا إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ","vol":"14","page":58},{"text":"١٩٠٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَأُحِبُّ لِمَنْ أَهْدَى نَافِلَةً أَنْ يُطْعِمَ الْبَائِسَ وَالْفَقِيرَ، لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ﴾ [الحج: ٢٨]، وَلِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَطْعِمُوا الْقَانِعَ وَالْمُعْتَرَّ﴾ [الحج: ٣٦]\n⦗٥٩⦘ \"\n\n١٩٠٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْقَانِعُ هُوَ السَّائِلُ، وَالْمُعْتَرُّ هُوَ الزَّائِرُ وَالْمَارُّ بِلَا وَقْتٍ\n\n١٩٠٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مِثْلَ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ،\n\n١٩٠٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، الْقَانِعُ: الْجَالِسُ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَالْمُعْتَرُّ: الَّذِي يَعْتَرِيكَ،\n\n١٩٠٩٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، الْقَانِعُ: مَنْ أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَالْمُعْتَرُّ: الَّذِي يَعْتَرِيكَ\n\n١٩٠٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِذَا أَطْعَمَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ وَاحِدًا أَوْ أَكْثَرَ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُطْعِمِينَ، وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مَا أَكْثَرَ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ ثُلُثًا، وَيُهْدِيَ ثُلُثًا، وَيَدَّخِرَ ثُلُثًا، وَيَهْبِطُ بِهِ حَيْثُ شَاءَ، وَالضَّحَايَا فِي هَذَا السَّبِيلِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٠٩٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَكْرَهُ بَيْعَ شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا. . .، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"14","page":58},{"text":"١٩٠٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: \" أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَقُومَ عَلَى بُدْنِهِ، وَأَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِلُحُومِهَا، وَجُلُودِهَا، وَأَجِلَّتِهَا، وَأَنْ لَا أُعْطِيَ الْجَزَّارَ مِنْهَا، وَقَالَ: «نَحْنُ نُعْطِيهِ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا» ⦗٦٠⦘،\n\n١٩٠٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ بِهَذَا، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ\n\n١٩٠٩٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ بَاعَ جِلْدَ أُضْحِيَتِهِ فَلَا أُضْحِيَةَ لَهُ»","vol":"14","page":59},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1312>الِاشْتِرَاكُ فِي الْهَدْيِ وَالْأُضْحِيَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":61},{"text":"١٩٠٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَقُولُ بِحَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّهُمْ  «نَحَرُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ الْبَدَنَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ، وَالْبَقَرَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ»،\n\n١٩٠٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسَوَاءٌ فِي ذَلِكَ كَانُوا أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ أَوْ غَيْرَهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ أَهْلَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبَائِلَ شَتَّى، وَشُعُوبٍ مُتَفَرِّقَةٍ\n\n١٩٠٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَحُذَيْفَةَ، وَأَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَعَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: الْبَقَرَةُ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ","vol":"14","page":61},{"text":"١٩٠٩٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «خَرَجَ يُرِيدُ زِيَارَةَ الْبَيْتِ وَسَاقَ مَعَهُ الْهَدْيَ سَبْعِينَ بَدَنَةً عَنْ سَبْعِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، كُلُّ بَدَنَةٍ عَنْ عَشَرَةٍ»","vol":"14","page":62},{"text":"١٩١٠٠ - فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا:  «خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي بِضْعِ عَشْرَةَ مِائَةٍ»،\n\n١٩١٠١ - وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ تَدُلُّ رِوَايَةُ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَمَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَسَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، وَالْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، وَكُلُّهُمْ شَهِدُوا الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ جَابِرٍ\n\n١٩١٠٢ - فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَلْفًا وَخَمْسَمِائَةٍ،\n\n١٩١٠٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَلْفًا وَأَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ،\n\n١٩١٠٤ - وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ لِمُوَافَقَتِهِ مَعْقِلَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ وَسَلَمَةَ وَالْبَرَاءَ\n\n١٩١٠٥ - ثُمَّ رَوَى أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّهُمْ «نَحَرُوا الْبَدَنَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ، وَالْبَقَرَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ»","vol":"14","page":62},{"text":"١٩١٠٦ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رُوِيَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَكَأَنَّهُمْ «نَحَرُوا السَّبْعِينَ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ، وَنَحَرُوا الْبَقَرَ عَنِ الْبَاقِينَ عَنْ كُلِّ سَبْعَةٍ وَاحِدَةً»","vol":"14","page":62},{"text":"١٩١٠٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُهِلِّينَ بِالْحَجِّ،  «فَأَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَشْتَرِكَ فِي الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ كُلُّ سَبْعَةٍ مِنَّا فِي بَدَنَةٍ» ⦗٦٣⦘، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ وَهُوَ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى،\n\n١٩١٠٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٩١٠٩ - وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عِلْبَاءَ بْنِ أَحْمَرَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي إِشْرَاكِهِمْ وَهُمْ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْجَزُورِ عَنْ عَشَرَةٍ، وَالْبَقَرَةِ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ\n\n١٩١١٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي «النَّاقَةِ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ»","vol":"14","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1313>أَيَّامُ النَّحْرِ</span>","vol":"14","page":64},{"text":"١٩١١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: «الْأَضْحَى جَائِزٌ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، وَأَيَّامَ مِنًى كُلَّهَا لِأَنَّهَا أَيَّامُ النُّسُكِ»\n\n١٩١١٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «نَحَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَضَحَّى فِي يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَخْطُرْ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَنْ يُضَحُّوا بَعْدَ النَّحْرِ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْيَوْمَ الثَّالِثَ مُفَارِقًا للْيَوْمَيْنِ قَبْلَهُ لِأَنَّهُ يُنْسَكُ فِيهِ وَيُرْمَى، كَمَا يُنْسَكُ وَيُرْمَى فِيهَا»\n\n١٩١١٣ - قَالَ: وَعَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ دَلَالَةُ سُنَّةٍ","vol":"14","page":64},{"text":"١٩١١٤ - وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الصُّوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ التَّمَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فِي كُلِّ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ذَبْحٌ»\n\n١٩١١٥ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جُبَيْرٍ،\n\n١٩١١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ⦗٦٥⦘،\n\n١٩١١٧ - وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: «يَوْمَانِ بَعْدَ يَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى»،\n\n١٩١١٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٩١١٩ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ مُنْقَطِعَةٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ\n\n١٩١٢٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الضَّحَايَا إِلَى آخِرِ الشَّهْرِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَأْنِيَ ذَلِكَ»،\n\n١٩١٢١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى قَالَ: «إِلَى هِلَالِ الْمُحَرَّمِ»\n\n١٩١٢٢ - وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَشْتَرِي أَحَدُهُمُ الْأُضْحِيَةَ، فَيُسَمِّنُهَا فَيَذْبَحُهَا بَعْدَ الْأَضْحَى آخِرَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ»\n\n١٩١٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَإِذَا لَمْ تَثْبُتْ فَالْقِيَاسُ مَا قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"14","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1314>بَابُ الْعَقِيقَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":66},{"text":"١٩١٢٤ - قَرَأْتُ فِيمَا رَوَى أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سِبَاعِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُرْزٍ قَالَتْ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْهَدْيِ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «عَنِ الْغُلَامِ شَاتَانِ، وَعَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ شَاةٌ، لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ ذُكْرَانًا كُنَّ أَوْ إِنَاثًا»، وَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ ⦗٦٧⦘: «أَقِرُّوا الطَّيْرَ عَلَى مُكْنَاتِهَا»،\n\n١٩١٢٥ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْمُخْتَصَرِ، وَفِيهِ خَطَأٌ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ: عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سِبَاعٍ، وَابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سِبَاعٍ، وَالْآخَرُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: عَنْ سِبَاعِ بْنِ وَهْبِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ سِبَاعُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ،\n\n١٩١٢٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَلَى الصِّحَّةِ.\n\n١٩١٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَقِيهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سِبَاعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُرْزٍ قَالَتْ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْهَدْيِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٩١٢٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سَائِرُ أَصْحَابِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،\n\n١٩١٢٩ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سِبَاعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ\n\n١٩١٣٠ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذَا هُوَ الْحَدِيثُ، وَحَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ وَهْمٌ يَعْنِي حِينَ قَالَ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ.\n\n١٩١٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سِبَاعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ سِبَاعٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ أُمَّ كُرْزٍ أَخْبَرَتْهُ","vol":"14","page":66},{"text":"١٩١٣٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ مَيْسَرَةَ مَوْلَاةِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُرْزٍ قَالَتْ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ:  «عَنِ الْغُلَامِ شَاتَانِ مُكَافَأَتَانِ، وَعَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ شَاةٌ»","vol":"14","page":68},{"text":"١٩١٣٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ الرِّبَا، عَنْ سَلْمَانِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَعَ الْغُلَامِ عَقِيقَةٌ فَأَهْرِيقُوا عَنْهُ دَمًا، وَأَمِيطُوا عَنْهُ الْأَذَى»،\n\n١٩١٣٤ - قَدِ اسْتَشْهَدَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، وَهِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِرِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَقَتَادَةَ، وَهِشَامٍ، وَحَبِيبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"14","page":68},{"text":"١٩١٣٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ غُلَامٍ رَهِينَةٌ بِعَقِيقَتِهِ، يُذْبَحُ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ سَابِعِهِ، وَيُحْلَقُ، وَيُسَمَّى» ⦗٦٩⦘،\n\n١٩١٣٦ - وَرَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَقَالَ: «وَيُدَمَّى»\n\n١٩١٣٧ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: «وَيُسَمَّى» أَصَحُّ، وَقَوْلُهُ: «رَهِينَةٌ بِعَقِيقَتِهِ»: يَعْنِي مَرْهُونَةٌ، وَالْهَاءُ فِيهِ لِلْمُبَالَغَةِ،\n\n١٩١٣٨ - وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يُرِيدُ أَنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يُعَقَّ عَنْهُ فَمَاتَ طِفْلًا لَمْ يَشْفَعْ فِي أَبَوَيْهِ،\n\n١٩١٣٩ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: هُوَ مَرْهُونٌ بِعَقِيقَتِهِ: أَيْ بِأَذَى شَعْرِهِ، أَلَا تَرَاهُ قَالَ: «فَأَمِيطُوا عَنْهُ الْأَذَى»، وَهُوَ مَا عَلَقَ بِهِ مِنْ دَمِ الرَّحِمِ قَالَهُ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀\n\n١٩١٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ «عَقَّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ وَحَلَقَ شُعُورَهُمَا، وَتَصَدَّقَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِزِنَتِهِ فِضَّةً»","vol":"14","page":68},{"text":"١٩١٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَقَّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ كَبْشًا كَبْشًا»","vol":"14","page":69},{"text":"١٩١٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ ⦗٧٠⦘ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ  «وزَنَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَعَرَ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ وَزَيْنَبَ وَأُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ، فَتَصَدَّقَتْ بِزِنَةِ ذَلِكَ فِضَّةً»\n\n١٩١٤٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِي الْعَقِيقَةِ الَّتِي عَقَّتْهَا فَاطِمَةُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ أَنْ يَبْعَثُوا إِلَى الْقَابِلَةِ مِنْهَا بِرَجُلٍ،» وَكُلُوا، وَأَطْعِمُوا، وَلَا تَكْسِرُوا مِنْهَا عَظْمًا \"","vol":"14","page":69},{"text":"١٩١٤٤ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبَى إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعَقِيقَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا أُحِبُّ الْعُقُوقَ» وَكَأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا كَرِهَ الِاسْمَ\n\n١٩١٤٥ - قَالَ: «وَمَنْ وُلِدَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْسُكَ عَنْ وَلَدِهِ فَلْيَفْعَلْ»،\n\n١٩١٤٦ - فَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ","vol":"14","page":70},{"text":"١٩١٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى بَحْرِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «الْعَقِيقَةُ مَا عَرَفَ النَّاسُ وَهُوَ ذَبْحٌ كَانَ يُذْبَحُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَنِ الْمَوْلُودِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَدْ كَرِهَ مِنْهُ الِاسْمَ»\n\n١٩١٤٨ - وَقَالَ زَيْدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَسْلَمَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ ⦗٧١⦘ الْعَقِيقَةِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا أُحِبُّ الْعُقُوقَ»، فَكَأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا كَرِهَ الِاسْمَ","vol":"14","page":70},{"text":"١٩١٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «يُسْتَحَبُّ الْعَقِيقَةُ وَلَوْ بِعُصْفُورٍ»\n\n١٩١٥٠ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَمَلُ يَعْنِي الْعَقِيقَةَ بِالْعُصْفُورِ،\n\n١٩١٥١ - وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلْزَامًا لِمَالِكٍ فِيمَا تَرَكَ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ\n\n١٩١٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْعَدْلُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَقِرُّوا الطَّيْرَ عَلَى مُكْنَاتِهَا»، أَنَّ عِلْمَ الْعَرَبِ كَانَ فِي زَجْرِ الطَّيْرِ وَالْبَوَارِحِ وَالْخَطِّ وَالِاعْتِيَافِ، وَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ إِذَا غَدَا مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ يُرِيدُ أَمْرًا نَظَرَ أَوَّلَ طَائِرٍ يَرَاهُ، فَإِنْ سَبَحَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، فَاخْتَالَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ قَالَ: هَذَا طَيْرُ الْأَيَامِنِ فَمَضَى فِي حَاجَتِهِ، وَإِنْ سَبَحَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، فَمَرَّ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ قَالَ: هَذَا طَيْرُ الْأَشَائِمِ فَرَجَعَ، وَقَالَ: هَذِهِ حَاجَةٌ مَشْئُومَةٌ،\n\n١٩١٥٣ - وَقَالَ الْحُطَيْئَةُ يَمْدَحُ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ:\n[البحر البسيط]\n\nلَمْ يَزْجُرِ الطَّيْرَ إِنْ مَرَّتْ بِهِ سُنُحًا ... وَلَا يُفِيضُ عَلَى قِسْمٍ بِأَزْلَامِ\n\n١٩١٥٤ - يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ سَلَكَ طَرِيقَ الْإِسْلَامِ فِي التَّوَكُّلِ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَتَرَكَ زَجْرَ الطَّيْرِ ⦗٧٢⦘،\n\n١٩١٥٥ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُ شُعَرَاءِ الْعَرَبِ يَمْدَحُ نَفْسَهُ:\n[البحر الطويل]\n\nوَلَا أَنَا مِمَّنْ يَزْجُرُ الطَّيْرَ عَنْ وَكْرِهِ ... أَصَاحَ غُرَابٌ أَمْ عَرَّضَ أَمْ تَعَرَّضَ ثَعْلَبُ\nكَانَ الْعَرَبُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَرَ طَيْرًا سَابِحًا فَرَأَى طَائِرًا فِي وَكْرِهِ حَرَّكَهُ مِنْ وَكْرِهِ لَيَطِيرَ، فَيَنْظُرُ: أَسَلَكَ لَهُ طَرِيقَ الْأَشَائِمِ، أَوْ طَرِيقَ الْأَيَامِنِ، فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَقِرُّوا الطَّيْرَ عَلَى مُكْنَاتِهَا»، أَنْ لَا تُحَرِّكُوهَا، فَإِنَّ مَا يَعْتَقِدُونَ وَمَا يَعْمَلُونَ بِهِ مِنَ الطِّيَرَةِ لَا تَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا، وَإِنَّمَا يَصْنَعُ فِيمَا يُوَجَّهُونَ لَهُ قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ ﷿\n\n١٩١٥٦ - وَقَدْ سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنِ الطِّيَرَةِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ يَجِدُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكُمْ»","vol":"14","page":71},{"text":"١٩١٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ مِنَّا رِجَالًا يَتَطَيَّرُونَ؟ قَالَ: «ذَاكَ شَيْءٌ تَجِدُونَهُ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ، فَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكُمْ»، قَالُوا: وَمِنَّا رِجَالٌ يَأْتُونَ الْكُهَّانَ؟ قَالَ: «فَلَا تَأْتُوا كَاهِنًا»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ","vol":"14","page":72},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1315>الْفَرْعُ وَالْعَتِيرَةُ</span>","vol":"14","page":73},{"text":"١٩١٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُلَيْحِ، عَنْ نُبَيْشَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا كُنَّا نَعْتِرُ عَتِيرَةً فِي رَجَبٍ فَمَا تَأْمُرُنَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اذْبَحُوا لِلَّهِ فِي أَيِّ شَهْرٍ مَا كَانَ، وَبَرُّوا لِلَّهِ وَأَطْعِمُوا»، فَقَالَ: إِنَّا كُنَّا نُفْرِعُ فَرْعًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَا تَأْمُرُنَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فِي كُلِّ سَائِمَةٍ فَرْعٌ تَغْذُوهُ مَاشِيَتُكَ، حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَجْمَلَ ذَبَحْتَهُ وَأَطْعَمْتَهُ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ هُوَ خَيْرٌ»","vol":"14","page":73},{"text":"١٩١٥٩ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَسْلَمَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي ضَمْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْفَرَعَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: «الْفَرَعَةُ حَقٌّ، وَأَنْ تَغْذُوَهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ ابْنَ لَبُونٍ زُخْرُبًّا، فَتُعْطِيَهُ أَرْمَلَةً أَوْ تَحْمِلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَكْفَأَ إِنَاءَكَ، أَوْ تُوَلِّهَ نَاقَتَكَ وَتَأْكُلَهُ يَلْتَصِقُ لَحْمُهُ بِوَبَرِهِ»\n\n١٩١٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ نُبَيْشَةَ هَذَا قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بِشْرِ بْنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، وَحَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ","vol":"14","page":73},{"text":"١٩١٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا فَرْعَ، وَلَا ⦗٧٤⦘ عَتِيرَةَ»\n\n١٩١٦٢ - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: الْفَرَعَةُ: أَوَّلُ النِّتَاجِ، وَالْعَتِيرَةُ: شَاةٌ تُذْبَحُ عَنْ كُلِّ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ فِي رَجَبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n١٩١٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى بَحْرِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْفَرَعَةِ: شَيْءٌ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَطْلُبُونَ بِهِ الْبَرَكَةَ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ يَذْبَحُ بِكْرَ نَاقَتِهِ يَعْنِي أَوَّلَ نِتَاجٍ يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ لَا يَغْذُوهُ رَجَاءَ الْبَرَكَةِ فِيمَا يَأَتِي بَعْدَهُ، فَسَأَلُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «فَرِّعُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ»، أَيِ اذْبَحُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ، وَكَانُوا يَسْأَلُونَهُ عَلَى مَا يَصْنَعُونَهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ خَوْفًا أَنْ يُكْرَهَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَا مَكْرَهَ لَهُمْ فِيهِ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَغْذُوهُ ثُمَّ يَحْمِلُونَ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ\n\n١٩١٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيَذْبَحُهُ وَيُطْعِمُهُ كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ نُبَيْشَةَ\n\n١٩١٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْفَرَعَةُ حَقٌّ، يَعْنِي أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِبَاطِلٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَلَامٌ عَرَبِيٌّ يَخْرُجُ عَلَى جَوَّابِ السَّائِلِ ⦗٧٥⦘\n\n١٩١٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا فَرْعَ وَلَا عَتِيرَةَ» وَلَيْسَ اخْتِلَافٌ مِنَ الرُّوَاةِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ: أَيْ لَا فَرْعَ، وَلَا عَتِيرَةَ وَاجِبَةٌ،\n\n١٩١٦٧ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ فِي الْفَرَعَةِ وَالْعَتِيرَةِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَعْنَى هَذَا أَنَّهُ أَبَاحَ الذَّبْحَ، وَاخْتَارَ لَهُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ أَرْمَلَةً أَوْ يَحْمِلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،\n\n١٩١٦٨ - وَالْعَتِيرَةُ هِيَ الرَّجَبِيَّةُ، وَهِيَ ذَبِيحَةٌ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَتَبَرَّرُونَ بِهَا، يَذْبَحُونَهَا فِي رَجَبٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا عَتِيرَةَ»، عَلَى مَعْنَى لَا عَتِيرَةَ لَازِمَةٌ\n\n١٩١٦٩ - وَقَوْلُهُ حِينَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعَتِيرَةِ: «اذْبَحُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ وَاجْعَلُوا الذَّبْحَ لِلَّهِ لَا لِغَيْرِهِ فِي أَيِّ شَهْرٍ مَا كَانَ»، لَا أَنَّهَا فِي رَجَبٍ دُونَ مَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ","vol":"14","page":73},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1316>مَا يُكْرَهُ أَنْ يُكْنَى بِهِ</span>","vol":"14","page":76},{"text":"١٩١٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ:  «لَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُكْنَى بِأَبِي الْقَاسِمِ كَانَ اسْمَهُ مُحَمَّدٌ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ»،\n\n١٩١٧١ - وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ،\n\n١٩١٧٢ - وَرَأَيْتُ فِيَ كِتَابِي فِي آخِرِ كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ للِشَّافِعِيِّ الَّذِي قَرَأْنَاهُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظِ ﵀ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ مَضْرُوبًا عَلَيْهَا، وَلَعَلَّهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ فِي نُسْخَةِ الْحَاكِمِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ﵀، أَوْ لَمْ يَتَّفِقْ قِرَاءَتُهَا عَلَيْهِ","vol":"14","page":76},{"text":"١٩١٧٣ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «تَسَمَّوْا بِاسْمِي، وَلَا تَكَنَّوْا بِكُنْيَتِي» ⦗٧٧⦘،\n\n١٩١٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"14","page":76},{"text":"١٩١٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْبَقِيعِ، فَنَادَى رَجُلٌ يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَعْنِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «تَسَمَّوْا بِاسْمِي وَلَا تَكَنَّوْا بِكُنْيَتِي»","vol":"14","page":77},{"text":"١٩١٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْمُحَمَّدْ آبَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السَّعْدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدٌ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ بِالْبَقِيعِ، فَنَادَى رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ، فَالْتَفَتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَمْ أَعْنِكَ إِنَّمَا عَنَيْتُ فُلَانًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَسَمَّوْا بِاسْمِي، وَلَا تَكَنَّوْا بِكُنْيَتِي»، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ","vol":"14","page":77},{"text":"١٩١٧٧ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَيْضًا، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، سَمِعَ جَابِرًا، يَقُولُ: \" وُلِدَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَّا غُلَامٌ، فَسَمَّيْنَاهُ الْقَاسِمَ، فَقُلْنَا: لَا نَكْنِيكَ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ، وَلَا نُنْعِمُكَ عَيْنًا ⦗٧٨⦘، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَسْمِ ابْنَكَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ\n\n١٩١٧٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: \" وُلِدَ فِي الْحَيِّ غُلَامٌ فَأُسْمِيَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ، فَقُلْنَا لِأَبِيهِ: لَا نُكْنِيهِ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ، وَلَا نُنْعِمُكَ عَيْنًا، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَسْمِ ابْنَكَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ»\n\n١٩١٧٩ - وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ حَدِيثَ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «سَمُّوا بِاسْمِي، وَلَا تَكَنَّوْا بِكُنْيَتِي، فَإِنَّمَا أَنَا قَاسِمٌ بُعِثْتُ أَقْسِمُ بَيْنَكُمْ»،\n\n١٩١٨٠ - وَرَوَى فِي حَدِيثِهِ أَنَّهُمْ سَمَّوْهُ بِاسْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ، وَالِاعْتِبَارُ بِاللَّفْظِ الْمَنْقُولِ عَنْهُ","vol":"14","page":77},{"text":"١٩١٨١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ تَسَمَّى بِاسْمِي، فَلَا يَتَكَنَّى بِكُنْيَتِي، وَمَنْ تَكَنَّى بِكُنْيَتِي، فَلَا يَتَسَمَّى بِاسْمِي»، فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْبَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٧٩⦘،\n\n١٩١٨٢ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا لَمْ يُخْرِجْهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مَعَ كَوْنِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ مِنْ شَرْطِهِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يُخْرِجْهُ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَسَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، ثُمَّ مُخَالَفَتِهِ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٩١٨٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي مَعْنَى مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، وَهُوَ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ، وَأَحَادِيثُ النَّهْيِ عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ أَكْثَرُ وَأَصَحُّ طَرِيقًا\n\n١٩١٨٤ - وَحَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ وُلِدَ لِي مِنْ بَعْدِكَ وَلَدٌ أُسَمِّيهِ بِاسْمِكَ، وَأُكْنِيهِ بِكُنْيَتِكَ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»،\n\n١٩١٨٥ - فَهُوَ فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٩١٨٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَتْ رُخْصَةً لِعَلِيٍّ\n\n١٩١٨٧ - وَحَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَجَبِيِّ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَا الَّذِي أَحَلَّ اسْمِي وَحَرَّمَ كُنْيَتِي»، أَوْ «مَا الَّذِي حَرَّمَ كُنْيَتِي وَأَحَلَّ اسْمِي»، لَمْ يَثْبُتْ إِسْنَادُهُ،\n\n١٩١٨٨ - وَأَحَادِيثُ النَّهْيِ عَنِ التَّكَنِّي بِكُنْيَتِهِ عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّابِتَةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ الَّتِي لَا تُعَارَضُ بِأَمْثَالِ هَذَا، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ\n\n١٩١٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَانَتْ كُنْيَةَ مِقْسَمٍ: أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ، فَجَعَلَ طَاوُسٌ يَقُولُ: مِقْسَمٌ وَلَا يَقُولُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أُكَنِّيهِ بِهَا أَبَدًا","vol":"14","page":78},{"text":"١٩١٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «نَهَى عَنِ الْقَزْعِ» ⦗٨٠⦘\n\n١٩١٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مِهْرَانِ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأُوَيْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعُمَرِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَرِهَ الْقَزْعَ لِلصِّبْيَانِ»","vol":"14","page":79},{"text":"١٩١٩٢ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ «نَهَى عَنِ الْقَزَعِ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُجَاعُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَهُ، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ","vol":"14","page":80},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1317>مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنْ جِهَةِ مَا لَا تَأْكُلُ الْعَرَبُ </span>⦗٨٢⦘\n١٩١٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «أَصْلُ التَّحْرِيمِ نَصُّ كِتَابٍ أَوْ سُنَّةٍ، أَوْ جُمْلَةُ كِتَابٍ أَوْ سُنَّةٍ أَوْ إِجْمَاعٌ»\n\n١٩١٩٤ - قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٥٧]\n\n١٩١٩٥ - قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا تَكُونُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَالْخَبَائِثُ عِنْدَ الْآكِلِينَ كَانُوا لَهَا، وَهُمُ الْعَرَبُ الَّذِينَ سَأَلُوا عَنْ هَذَا، وَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِمُ الْأَحْكَامُ، وَكَانُوا يَكْرَهُونَ مِنْ خَبِيثِ الْمَأْكَلِ مَا لَا يَكْرَهُهَا غَيْرُهُمْ\n\n١٩١٩٦ - قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَّرَمًا عَلَى طَاعِمٍ يَطْعَمُهُ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٥]- يَعْنِي مَا كُنْتُمْ تَأْكُلُونَ -\n\n١٩١٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: فَأَهَلُ التَّفْسِيرِ، أَوْ مَنْ سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُمْ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: \" ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٥] يَعْنِي مَا كُنْتُمْ تَأْكُلُونَ: فَإِنَّ الْعَرَبَ قَدْ كَانَتْ تُحَرِّمُ أَشْيَاءَ عَلَى أَنَّهَا مِنَ الْخَبَائِثِ وَتُحِلُّ أَشْيَاءَ عَلَى أَنَّهَا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ، فَأُحِلَّتْ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ عِنْدَهُمْ إِلَّا مَا اسْتُثْنِيَ، وَحُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثُ عِنْدَهُمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٥٧]","vol":"14","page":81},{"text":"١٩١٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ⦗٨٣⦘، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «نَهَى عَنْ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ»","vol":"14","page":82},{"text":"١٩١٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنْ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ»،\n\n١٩٢٠٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ عَنِ أَكْلِ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ،\n\n١٩٢٠١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ","vol":"14","page":83},{"text":"١٩٢٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٨٤⦘:  «أَكْلُ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ حَرَامٌ»\n\n١٩٢٠٣ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الرِّسَالَةِ","vol":"14","page":83},{"text":"١٩٢٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «كُلُّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ حَرَامٌ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"14","page":84},{"text":"١٩٢٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ، وَكُلِّ ذِي مِخْلَبٍ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ»\n\n١٩٢٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَأَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ،\nوَ\n١٩٢٠٧ - رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ الْبُنَانِيُّ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٨٥⦘\n\n١٩٢٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبِرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُمًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٦] وَكَانَ شَيْئَانِ حَلَالَيْنِ فَأَثْبَتَ تَحْلِيلَ أَحَدِهِمَا وَهُوَ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَالِحُهُ وَكُلُّ مَا فِيهِ مَتَاعٌ لَهُمْ يَسْتَمْتِعُونَ بِأَكْلِهِ، وَحَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَيْدَ الْبِرِّ أَنْ يَسْتَمْتِعُوا بِأَكْلِهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ لَا يُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ صَيْدِ الْبَرِّ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ حَلَالًا لَهُمْ قَبْلَ الْإِحْرَامِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٢٠٩ - فَلَمَّا «أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمُحْرِمَ بِقَتْلِ الْغُرَابِ، وَالْحِدَأَةِ، وَالْعَقْرَبِ، وَالْفَأْرَةِ، وَالْكَلْبِ الْعَقُورِ، وَقَتْلِ الْحَيَّاتِ دَلَّ أَنَّ لُحُومَ هَذِهِ مُحَرَّمَةٌ» لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ دَاخِلًا فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ قَتْلَهُ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ لَمْ يُحِلَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَتْلَهُ، وَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَعْنًى آخَرَ أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ لَا تَأْكُلُ مِمَّا أَبَاحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَتْلَهُ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ شَيْئًا\n\n١٩٢١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمِمَّا يُؤَكِّدُ هَذِهِ الطَّرِيقَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ أَشْيَاءَ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَسْتَخْبِثُهَا، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ حَلَالًا كَانَتْ، كَبَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ فِي جَوَازِ ذَبْحِهَا","vol":"14","page":84},{"text":"١٩٢١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" نَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ أَرْبَعٍ مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ: النَّمْلَةِ، وَالنَّحْلَةِ، وَالْهُدْهُدِ، وَالصُّرَدِ «⦗٨٦⦘\n\n١٩٢١٢ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّ» طَبِيبًا سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ ضِفْدَعٍ يَجْعَلُهُ فِي دَوَاءٍ؟ فَنَهَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ قَتْلِهَا «\n\n١٩٢١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ» نَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ الْخَطَاطِيفِ \"، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n١٩٢١٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَبَّادُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا\n\n١٩٢١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" لَا تَقْتُلُوا الضَّفَادِعَ فَإِنَّ نَقِيقَهَا تَسْبِيحٌ، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا الْخُفَّاشَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا خَرِبَ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ سَلِّطْنِي عَلَى الْبَحْرِ حَتَّى أُغْرِقَهُمْ \"","vol":"14","page":85},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1318>أَكْلُ الضَّبُعِ وَالثَّعْلَبِ</span>","vol":"14","page":87},{"text":"١٩٢١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ \" الضَّبُعِ، أَصَيْدٌ هِيَ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، قُلْتُ: أَتُؤْكَلُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، قُلْتُ: أَتُؤْكَلُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، قُلْتُ: أَسَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»\n\n١٩٢١٧ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَمَا يُبَاعُ لَحْمُ الضَّبُعِ إِلَّا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ»\n\n١٩٢١٨ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي مَسْأَلَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ جَابِرًا: فَصَيْدٌ هِيَ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ» وَمَسْأَلَتِهِ: أَتُؤْكَلُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، وَمَسْأَلَتِهِ: أَسَمِعْتَهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، فَهَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّيْدَ الَّذِي نَهَى اللَّهُ الْمُحْرِمَ عَنْ قَتْلِهِ، مَا كَانَ يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ، وَأَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا يَقْتُلُونَ الصَّيْدَ لِيَأْكُلُوهُ لَا عَبَثًا بِقَتْلِهِ","vol":"14","page":87},{"text":"١٩٢١٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الصَّائِغِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الضَّبُعُ صَيْدٌ، وَجَزَاؤُهَا كَبْشٌ مُسِنٌّ، وَتُؤْكَلُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ الصَّائِغُ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٢٢٠ - وَذَلِكَ يُؤَكِّدُ رِوَايَةَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: «يُؤْكَلُ»، مَرْفُوعٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، خِلَافَ قَوْلِ مَنْ جَعَلَهُ بِالتَّوَهُّمِ مِنْ قَوْلِ جَابِرٍ حِينَ تَرَكَ الْأَخْذَ بِرِوَايَتِهِ، وَعَارَضَهُ بِحَمْلِهِ نَهْيَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ، وَهِلَالٌ اسْتَدَلَّ بِحَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ عَلَى أَنَّ النَّهْيَ عَنْ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنْ كُلِّ مَا عَدَا عَلَى النَّاسِ مُكَابَرَةً وَقُوَّةً فِي نَفْسِهِ بِنَابِهِ دُونَ مَا لَا يَعْدُو، كَمَا فَعَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِيَكُونَ قَدْ قَالَ بِالْحَدِيثَيْنِ جَمِيعًا\n\n١٩٢٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى إِحْلَالِ مَا كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَأْكُلُ مِمَّا لَمْ يُبْصَرْ فِيهِ خَبَرٌ، وَتَحْرِيمِ مَا كَانَتْ تُحَرِّمُهُ مِمَّا يَعْدُو مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَزَلْ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ تَأْكُلُ الضَّبُعَ، وَالثَّعْلَبَ، وَتَأْكُلُ الضَّبَّ، وَالْأَرْنَبَ، وَالْوَبَرَ، وَحِمَارَ الْوَحْشِ، وَلَمْ تَزَلْ تَدَعُ أَكْلَ الْأَسَدِ، وَالنَّمِرِ، وَالذِّئْبِ، تَحْرِيمًا بِالتَّقَذُّرِ","vol":"14","page":88},{"text":"١٩٢٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الْأَرْنَبِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: \" أَنْفَجْنَا أَرْنَبًا بِمَرِّ الظَّهْرَانٍ، فَسَعَى خَلْفَهَا أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَغِبُوا، وَأَدْرَكْتُهَا أَنَا، فَذَبَحْتُهَا بِمَرْوَةٍ فَأَتَيْتُ بِهَا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِفَخِذَيْهَا أَوْ وَرِكِهَا، فَأَكَلَهُ، قُلْتُ: أَكَلَهُ؟ قَالَ: قَبِلَهُ «⦗٨٩⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ\n\n١٩٢٢٣ - وَحَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، وَقَتَادَةَ فِي» الثَّعْلَبِ أَنَّهُ يُؤْكَلُ وَهُوَ صَيْدٌ «،\n\n١٩٢٢٤ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ\n\n١٩٢٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُ» حَكَمَ فِي الثَّعْلَبِ بِجَدْيٍ \"\n\n١٩٢٢٦ - وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَعَيَّاشِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «فِي الثَّعْلَبِ شَاةٌ»","vol":"14","page":88},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1319>أَكْلُ الضَّبِّ</span>","vol":"14","page":90},{"text":"١٩٢٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ الضَّبِّ، فَقَالَ: «لَسْتُ بِآكِلِهِ، وَلَا مُحَرِّمِهِ»،\n\n١٩٢٢٨ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، نَحْوَهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ،\n\n١٩٢٢٩ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرَيْنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ\n\n١٩٢٣٠ - وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: \" كَانَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْكُلُونَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ لَحْمٍ، فَنَادَتْهُمُ امْرَأَةٌ، أَنَّهُ لَحْمُ ضَبٍّ فَأَمْسِكُوا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «كُلُوا وَأَطْعِمُوا فَإِنَّهُ حَلَالٌ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ»، تَوْبَةُ الْعُنَيْزِيُّ شَكَّ فِيهِ، «وَلَكِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ طَعَامِ قَوْمِي»","vol":"14","page":90},{"text":"١٩٢٣١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - أَشُكُّ أَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، أَوْ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَخَالِدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ؟ -: أَنَّهُمَا دَخَلَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَيْتَ مَيْمُونَةَ، فَأُتِيَ بِضَبٍّ مَحْنُوذٍ، فَأَهْوَى إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ النِّسْوَةِ اللَّاتِي فِي بَيْتِ مَيْمُونَةَ: أَخْبِرُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ، فَقَالُوا: هُوَ ضَبٌّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: أَحَرَامٌ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِأَرْضِ قَوْمِي فَأَجِدُنِي أَعَافُهُ» قَالَ خَالِدٌ: فَاجْتَرَرْتُهُ، فَأَكَلْتُهُ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْظُرُ\n\n١٩٢٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالَ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٩٢٣٣ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَخَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى،\n\n١٩٢٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَخَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، أَنَّهُمَا دَخَلَا ⦗٩٢⦘،\n\n١٩٢٣٥ - وَكَأَنَّ مَالِكًا كَانَ يَشُكُّ فِيهِ، وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، فَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَصَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n١٩٢٣٦ - وَأَخْرَجَا حَدِيثَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «أَهْدَتْ أُمُّ حُفَيْدٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقِطًا وَسَمْنًا وَأَضُبًّا، فَأَكَلَ مِنَ الْأَقِطِ وَالسَّمْنِ، وَتَرَكَ الْأَضُبَّ تَقَذُّرًا»\n\n١٩٢٣٧ - قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَأُكِلَ عَلَى مَائِدَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حَرَامًا مَا كَانَ أُكِلَ عَلَى مَائِدَتِهِ\n\n١٩٢٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مُوَافِقٌ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «امْتَنَعَ عَنْ أَكْلِ الضَّبِّ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَافَهُ، لَا لِأَنَّهُ حَرَّمَهُ، وَقَدِ امْتَنَعَ مِنْ أَكْلِ الْبُقُولِ ذَوَاتِ الرِّيحِ؛ لِأَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ يُكَلِّمُهُ، وَلَعَلَّهُ عَافَهَا، لَا أَنَّهُ مُحَرِّمٌ لَهَا»،\n\n١٩٢٣٩ - وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَسْتُ بِآكِلِهِ» - يَعْنِي نَفْسَهُ -، قَدْ بَيَّنَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَافَهُ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَلَا مُحَرِّمُهُ»، فَجَاءَ بِمَعْنَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بَيِّنًا وَإِنْ كَانَ مَعْنَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَبْيَنَ مِنْهُ\n\n١٩٢٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَكْلُ الضَّبِّ حَلَالٌ. . . وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ ذَلِكَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وَهُوَ مَنْقُولٌ إِلَى الْمَبْسُوطِ،\n\n١٩٢٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْهُ إِنَّمَا عَافَهُ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيَنْفَعُ بِهِ غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ، وَإِنَّهُ لَطَعَامُ عَامَّةِ هَذِهِ الرِّعَاءِ وَلَوْ كَانَ عِنْدِي ⦗٩٣⦘ لَطَعِمْتُهُ،\n\n١٩٢٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي إِبَاحَتِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،\n\n١٩٢٤٣ - وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ شِبْلٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ أَكْلِ الضَّبِّ، لَمْ يَثْبُتْ إِسْنَادُهُ، إِنَّمَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِحُجَّةٍ،\n\n١٩٢٤٤ - وَسَائِرُ الْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِيهِ مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى تَقَذُّرِهِ لَهُ، فَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا تَحْرِيمٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٢٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِيسَى بْنِ نُمَيْلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ الْقُنْفُذُ فَقَالَ: «خَبِيثَةٌ مِنَ الْخَبَائِثِ»، فَهُوَ إِسْنَادٌ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، وَرَاوِيهِ شَيْخٌ مَجْهُولٌ،\n\n١٩٢٤٦ - وَفِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ سُئِلَ عَنْهُ؟ فَتَلَا ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا. . .﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٥]،\n\n١٩٢٤٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ غَالِبِ بْنِ حُجْرَةَ، عَنْ مِلْقَامِ بْنِ تَلِبٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «صَحِبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ لِحَشَرَةِ الْأَرْضِ تَحْرِيمًا» ⦗٩٤⦘،\n\n١٩٢٤٨ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ،\n\n١٩٢٤٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ الْحَيَّةِ وَالْعَقْرَبِ، فَكَذَلِكَ مَا فِي مَعْنَاهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَسْتَخْبِثُهُ، وَلَا تَأْكُلُهُ فِي غَيْرِ الضَّرُورَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1320>أَكْلُ لُحُومِ الْخَيْلِ</span>","vol":"14","page":95},{"text":"١٩٢٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: «أَطْعَمَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لُحُومَ الْخَيْلِ، وَنَهَانَا عَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ»\n\n١٩٢٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ عَمْرٌو مِنْ جَابِرٍ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ","vol":"14","page":95},{"text":"١٩٢٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ هُوَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ، وَأَذِنَ فِي لُحُومِ الْخَيْلِ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبَّادٍ","vol":"14","page":95},{"text":"١٩٢٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ ⦗٩٦⦘، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَتْ:  «نَحَرْنَا فَرَسًا عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَكَلْنَاهُ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"14","page":95},{"text":"١٩٢٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ قَالَ:  «أَكَلْتُ فَرَسًا فِي عَهْدِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَوَجَدْتُهُ حُلْوًا»\n\n١٩٢٥٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، أَنَّهُ أَكَلَ لَحْمَ فَرَسٍ\n\n١٩٢٥٦ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، «لَا بَأْسَ بِلَحْمِ الْفَرَسِ»\n\n١٩٢٥٧ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ صَالِحِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمِقْدَامِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْخَيْلِ وَالْبِغَالِ وَالْحَمِيرِ، وَكُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ»،\n\n١٩٢٥٨ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ إِسْنَادُهُ مُضْطَرِبٌ، وَمَعَ اضْطِرَابِهِ مُخَالِفٌ لِحَدِيثِ الثِّقَاتِ،\n\n١٩٢٥٩ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ: صَالِحُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ: فِيهِ نَظَرٌ ⦗٩٧⦘،\n\n١٩٢٦٠ - وَقَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ: لَا يُعْرَفُ صَالِحُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَلَا أَبُوهُ إِلَّا بِجَدِّهِ، وَهَذَا ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١٩٢٦١ - وَزَعَمَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ، وَإِنَّمَا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَالْخَيْلَ وَالْبِغَالَ وَالْحَمِيرَ لِتَرْكَبُوهَا وَزِينَةً﴾ [النحل: ٨]، فَإِنَّهُ فِي سُورَةِ النَّحْلِ، وَسُورَةُ النَّحْلِ مَكِّيَّةٌ فِي قَوْلِ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ، غَيْرَ أَرْبَعِ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِ السُّورَةِ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ امْتَنَعَ مِنْ أَكْلِ لَحْمِ الْخَيْلِ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، وَلَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَاهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى حَرَّمَهُ زَمَنَ خَيْبَرَ،\n\n١٩٢٦٢ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَعْقِلُوا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ تَحْرِيمَ لُحُومِ هَذِهِ الدَّوَابِّ، وَأَنْ لَا حُجَّةَ فِيهَا لِمَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى تَحْرِيمِ الْخَيْلِ،\n\n١٩٢٦٣ - وَالَّذِي يُؤَكِّدُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي نَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ \" لَا أَدْرِي أَنْهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ حَمُولَةَ النَّاسِ، فَكَرِهَ أَنْ تَذْهَبَ حَمُولَتُهُمْ أَوْ حَرَّمَهُ،\n\n١٩٢٦٤ - وَلَوْ كَانَ تَحْرِيمُهَا وَتَحْرِيمُ مَا ذَكَرَ مَعَهَا فِي الْآيَةِ ثَابِتًا بِالْآيَةِ لَمْ يَقَعْ هَذَا الِاشْتِبَاهُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - وَهُوَ تُرْجُمَانُ الْقُرْآنِ - فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ زَمَنَ خَيْبَرَ،\n\n١٩٢٦٥ - وَهَذَا الْخَبَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى بُطْلَانِ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٩٢٦٦ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ كَمَا لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي الْآيَةِ وَجْهَ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِهَذِهِ الدَّوَابِّ بِالْأَكْلِ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ وَجْهَ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِهَا بِحَمْلِ الْأَثْقَالِ عَلَيْهَا، وَذَلِكَ لَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِهِ كَذَلِكَ الْأَكْلَ إِلَّا فِيمَا قَامَتْ دَلَالَتُهُ،\n\n١٩٢٦٧ - وَفِي الْآيَةِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ إِنْزَاءِ الْخَيْلِ عَلَى الْأُتُنِ رَغْبَةً فِي إِتْيَانِهَا ⦗٩٨⦘ بِالْبِغَالِ الَّتِي امْتَنَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْنَا بِهَا، كَامْتِنَانِهِ بِالْخَيْلِ وَالْحَمِيرِ","vol":"14","page":96},{"text":"١٩٢٦٨ - وَأَمَّا إِنْزَاءُ الْحُمُرِ عَلَى الْخَيْلِ، فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى هُوَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ عَنِ ابْنِ زُرَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" أُهْدِيَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَغْلَةٌ فَرَكِبَهَا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَوْ حَمَلْنَا الْحُمُرَ عَلَى الْخَيْلِ لَكَانَ لَنَا مِثْلُ هَذِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ»،\n\n١٩٢٦٩ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ،\n\n١٩٢٧٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي الصَعْبَة، عَنْ أَبِي أَفْلَحَ الْهَمَدَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٩٢٧١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ،\n\n١٩٢٧٢ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَلْقَمَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٩٢٧٣ - وَكَانَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀ يَقُولُ: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَعْنَى فِي ذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنَّ الْحُمُرَ إِذَا حُمِلَتْ عَلَى الْخَيْلِ تَعَطَّلَتْ مَنَافِعُ الْخَيْلِ وَقَلَّ عَدَدُهَا وَانْقَطَعَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْمَنَافِعَ الَّتِي فِي الْخَيْلِ دُونَ الْبِغَالِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ ⦗٩٩⦘: فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْفُحُولُ خَيْلًا، وَالْأُمَّهَاتُ حُمُرًا، فَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ دَاخِلًا فِي النَّهْيِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِالْآيَةِ الَّتِي احْتَجَجْنَا بِهَا، وَضَعَّفَ قَوْلَ مَنْ قَالَ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ","vol":"14","page":98},{"text":"١٩٢٧٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِسْبَاغِ الْوُضُوءِ، وَنَهَانَا - وَلَا أَقُولُ نَهَاكُمْ - أَنْ نَأْكُلَ الصَّدَقَةَ، وَلَا نُنْزِيَ حِمَارًا عَلَى فَرَسٍ»،\n\n١٩٢٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمَيْمُونِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي جَهْضَمٍ مُوسَى بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلَدِ الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n١٩٢٧٦ - كَذَا قَالَهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ أَبِي جَهْضَمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ،\n\n١٩٢٧٧ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ إِشَارَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إِلَى أَنَّهُمْ مَخْصُوصُونَ بِهَذَا النَّهْيِ، كَمَا خُصُّوا بِالنَّهْيِ عَنْ أَكْلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ جَازَ الْأَمْرَانِ جَمِيعًا لِغَيْرِهِمْ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":99},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1321>أَكْلُ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":100},{"text":"١٩٢٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَسَنِ ابْنَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى عَامَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ، وَعَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ»،\n\n١٩٢٧٩ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ دَلَالَتَانِ: إِحْدَاهُمَا: تَحْرِيمُ أَكَلِ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ، وَالْأُخْرَى: إِبَاحَةُ لُحُومِ حُمُرِ الْوَحْشِ، لَأَنَّهُ لَا صِنْفَ مِنَ الْحُمُرِ إِلَّا أَهْلِيٌّ وَوَحْشِيٌّ، فَإِذَا قَصَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالتَّحْرِيمِ قَصَدَ الْأَهْلِيَّ، ثُمَّ وَصْفُهُ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَخْرَجَ الْوَحْشِيَّ مِنَ التَّحْرِيمِ\n\n١٩٢٨٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: مَعَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ\" إِبَاحَةُ أَكْلِ حُمُرِ الْوَحْشِ، أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ حِمَارًا وَحْشِيًّا، قَتَلَهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ بَيْنَ الرُّفْقَةِ، وَحَدِيثُ طَلْحَةَ: أَنَّهُمْ أَكَلُوا مَعَهُ لَحْمَ حِمَارٍ وَحْشِيٍّ ⦗١٠١⦘\n\n١٩٢٨١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ: «قَتَلَهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ»، زِيَادَةٌ وَقَعَتْ مِنَ الْكَاتِبِ أَوْ حَدِيثٌ دَخَلَ فِي حَدِيثٍ، فَإِنَّ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ أَتَى بِهِ أَصْحَابَهُ وَهُمْ مُحْرِمُونَ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْرِمٍ حَتَّى أَكَلُوا مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلُوا عَنْهُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «هَلْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ إِنْسَانٌ مِنْكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ؟»، فَقَالُوا: لَا، فَقَالَ: «كُلُوا»،\n\n١٩٢٨٢ - وَالَّذِي أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بِقِسْمَتِهِ بَيْنَ الرِّفَاقِ فَهُوَ فِي حِمَارٍ وَحْشِيٍّ، وَجَدُوهُ عَقِيرًا بِالرَّوْحَاءِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ صَاحِبُهُ»، فَجَاءَ الْبَهْزِيُّ وَهُوَ صَاحِبُهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ شَأْنَكُمْ بِهَذَا الْحِمَارِ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقَسَّمَهُ بَيْنَ الرِّفَاقِ،\n\n١٩٢٨٣ - وَهَذَا الْكِتَابُ مِمَّا لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ الرَّبِيعُ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَلَوْ كَانَ قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِ، لَأَمَرَ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - بِتَغْيِيرِهِ،\n\n١٩٢٨٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا نَهْيَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ، زَمَنَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْ سِوَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَخَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، وَسَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، وَأَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيِّ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَالْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ ﵃، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"14","page":100},{"text":"١٩٢٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى قَالَ: أَصَبْنَا حُمُرًا خَارِجَةً مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ ⦗١٠٢⦘ فَنَحَرْنَاهَا، فَنَادَى مُنَادِ النَّبِيِّ: «أَنْ أَكْفِئُوا الْقُدُورَ بِمَا فِيهَا»، فَكَفَأْنَاهَا، وَإِنَّ الْقُدُورَ لَتَغْلِي\n\n١٩٢٨٦ - قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا تِلْكَ حُمُرٌ كَانَتْ تَأْكُلُ الْقَذَرَ، وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ وَعَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،\n\n١٩٢٨٧ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، وَعَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، وَفِي حَدِيثِهِمْ قَالَ: فَقَالَ نَاسٌ: إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَنَّهَا لَمْ تُخَمَّسْ، وَقَالَ الْآخَرُونَ: نَهَى عَنْهَا أَلْبَتَّةَ،\n\n١٩٢٨٨ - وَهَذَا شَيْءٌ كَانَ يَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَوَاحِدٌ يَقُولُ: نَهَى عَنْهَا لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَأْكُلُ الْقَذَرَ، وَآخَرُ يَقُولُ: نَهَى عَنْهَا لِأَنَّهَا لَمْ تُخَمَّسْ، وَذَلِكَ لِشَكٍّ وَقَعَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي ذَلِكَ","vol":"14","page":101},{"text":"١٩٢٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، مِنْ أَصْلِهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «لَا أَدْرِي أَنَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ حَمُولَةَ النَّاسِ، فَكَرِهَ أَنْ تَذْهَبَ حَمُولَتُهُمْ أَوْ حَرَّمَهُ فِي يَوْمِ خَيْبَرَ - لَحْمَ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ» ⦗١٠٣⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ،\n\n١٩٢٩٠ - وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ غَيْرُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ النَّهْيَ عَنْهُ وَقَعَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ التَّحْرِيمِ، فَوَجَبَ الْمَصِيرُ إِلَيْهِ، مَعَ كَوْنِ الْإِطْلَاقِ يَقْتَضِي التَّحْرِيمَ\n\n١٩٢٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي","vol":"14","page":102},{"text":"١٩٢٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَخْتَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ جَاءٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: أُكِلَتِ الْحُمُرُ؟ ثُمَّ جَاءَ، فَقَالَ: أُكِلَتِ الْحُمُرُ؟ ثُمَّ جَاءَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقَالَ: أُفْنِيَتِ الْحُمُرُ؟ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُنَادِيًا فَنَادَى فِي النَّاسِ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يَنْهَيَانِكُمْ عَنِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ فَإِنَّهَا رِجْسٌ» قَالَ: فَأُكْفِئَتِ الْقُدُورُ، وَإِنَّهَا لَتَفُورُ بِاللَّحْمِ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ\n\n١٩٢٩٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «حَرَّمَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ كُلَّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ، وَالْمُجَثَّمَةِ، وَالْحِمَارِ الْإِنْسيِّ»\n\n١٩٢٩٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْمِقْدَامِ: «حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَشْيَاءَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ مِنْهَا الْحِمَارُ ⦗١٠٤⦘ الْأَهْلِيُّ»\n\n١٩٢٩٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ غَالِبِ بْنِ أَبْجَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَطْعِمْ أَهْلَكَ مِنْ سَمِينِ حُمُرِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا حَرَّمَهَا مِنْ أَجْلِ حَوَالِي الْقَرْيَةِ»، فَإِسْنَادُهُ مُضْطَرِبٌ،\n\n١٩٢٩٦ - وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَصَابَتْنَا سَنَةٌ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي مَالِي شَيْءٌ أُطْعِمُ أَهْلِي إِلَّا شَيْءٌ مِنْ حُمُرٍ»، فَكَأَنَّهُ إِنْ صَحَّ إِنَّمَا رَخَّصَ لَهُ فِي أَكْلِهِ بِالضَّرُورَةِ حَيْثُ تُبَاحُ الْمَيْتَةُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":103},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1322>الْجَلَّالَةُ</span>","vol":"14","page":105},{"text":"١٩٢٩٧ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنْ أَكَلِ الْجَلَّالَةِ، وَأَلْبَانِهَا» ⦗١٠٦⦘،\n\n١٩٢٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٩٢٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَفِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ النَّهْيُ عَنْ رُكُوبِهَا أَيْضًا","vol":"14","page":105},{"text":"١٩٣٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: \" نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ، وَعَنِ الْجَلَّالَةَ: عَنْ رُكُوبِهَا، وَأَكْلِ لُحُومِهَا \"\n\n١٩٣٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي الْإِبِلِ الَّتِي أَكْثَرُ عَلَفِهَا الْعُذْرَةُ الْيَابِسَةُ، وَكُلُّ مَا صَنَعَ هَذَا مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ الَّتِي تُؤْكَلُ فَهِيَ جَلَّالَةٌ، وَأَرْوَاحُ الْعُذْرَةِ تُوجَدُ فِي عَرَقِهَا، وَجَرَرِهَا لِأَنَّ لُحُومَهَا تَغَذَّى بِهَا فَتُعِلُّهَا، وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَغَيْرِهَا أَكْثَرُ عَلَفِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا، وَكَانَ يَنَالُ هَذَا قَلِيلًا فَلَا يَبِينُ فِي عَرَقِهِ وَجَرَرِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ اغْتِذَاءَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، فَلَيْسَ بِحَلَالٍ، مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهُ،\n\n١٩٣٠٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي عَلَفِ الْجَلَّالَةِ غَيْرَهُ حَتَّى يُعْلَمَ أَنَّ اغْتِذَاءَهَا قَدِ ⦗١٠٧⦘ انْقَلَبَ فَتُؤْكَلُ قَالَ: وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي بَعْضِ الْآثَارِ بِأَنَّ الْبَعِيرَ تُعْلَفُ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَالشَّاةُ عَدَدًا أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَا، وَالدَّجَاجَةُ سَبْعًا، وَكُلُّهُمْ فِيمَا نَرَى أَرَادَ الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي وَصَفْتُ مِنْ تَغْيِيرِهَا مِنَ الطِّبَاعِ الْمَكْرُوهَةِ إِلَى الطِّبَاعِ غَيْرِ الْمَكْرُوهَةِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِطْرَةُ الدَّوَابِّ","vol":"14","page":106},{"text":"١٩٣٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَابَاهَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: \" نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْجَلَّالَةِ: أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ لَحْمُهَا، أَوْ يُشْرَبَ لَبَنُهَا. وَلَا يُحْمَلْ عَلَيْهَا \" أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: إِلَّا الْأَدَمُ، وَلَا يَرْكَبُهَا النَّاسُ حَتَّى تُعْلَفَ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ الْقَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٣٠٤ - وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍ فِي الْحَدِيثِ\n\n١٩٣٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ زَهْدَمٍ قَالَ: \" رَأَيْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى يَأْكُلُ الدَّجَاجَ، فَدَعَانِي، فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ يَأْكُلُ نَتِنًا قَالَ: ادْنُ فَكُلْ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَأْكُلُهُ \"","vol":"14","page":107},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1323>الْمَصْبُورَةُ</span>","vol":"14","page":108},{"text":"١٩٣٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ مَعَ جَدِّي عَلَى الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، فَإِذَا غِلْمَانٌ قَدْ نَصَبُوا دَجَاجَةً يَرْمُونَهَا، فَقَالَ أَنَسٌ:  «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تُصْبَرَ الْبَهَائِمُ»، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ،\n\n١٩٣٠٧ - وَرُوِّينَا فِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٩٣٠٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَتَّخِذُوا شَيْئًا فِيهِ الرُّوحُ غَرَضًا»\n\n١٩٣٠٩ - وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ ⦗١٠٩⦘ الدَّوَابِّ صَبْرًا»","vol":"14","page":108},{"text":"١٩٣١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ \" نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمَصْبُورَةِ، وَالْمَصْبُورَةُ: الشَّاةُ تُرْبَطُ، ثُمَّ تُرْمَى بِالنَّبْلِ \"","vol":"14","page":109},{"text":"١٩٣١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ التَّمِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي  «نَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ تُصْبَرَ الْبَهَائِمُ» قَالَ: هِيَ أَنْ تُرْمَى بَعْدَ أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ","vol":"14","page":109},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1324>ذَكَاةُ مَا فِي بَطْنِ الذَّبِيحَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":110},{"text":"١٩٣١٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ ذَكَاةُ الْجَنِينِ فِي الْبَطْنِ ذَكَاةَ أُمِّهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَخْلُوقٌ مِنْهَا وَحُكْمُهُ حُكْمُهَا مَا لَمْ يُزَايِلْهَا،\n\n١٩٣١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَدَّاكِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ⦗١١١⦘ قَالَ: قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نَنْحَرُ النَّاقَةَ، وَنَذْبَحُ الْبَقَرَةَ وَالشَّاةَ فِي بَطْنِهَا الْجَنِينُ، أَنُلْقِيهِ أَمْ نَأْكُلُهُ؟ قَالَ: «كُلُوهُ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَإِنَّ ذِكَاتَهُ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ»، هَكَذَا أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"14","page":110},{"text":"١٩٣١٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا بِإِسْنَادٍ لَهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ الْقَدَّاحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «ذَكَاةُ الْجَنِينِ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ»،\n\n١٩٣١٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ الْبَجْلِيِّ، عَنْ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ⦗١١٢⦘،\n١٩٣١٦ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْحَدَّادِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَدَّاكِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، مُخْتَصَرًا،\n\n١٩٣١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ فِي إِبَاحَتِهِ، وَفَسَّرُوا قَوْلَهُ ﷿ ﴿أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ﴾ [المائدة: ١] بِذَلِكَ","vol":"14","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1325>كَسْبُ الْحَجَّامِ</span>","vol":"14","page":113},{"text":"١٩٣١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أَنَّ مُحَيِّصَةَ، سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ كَسْبِ الْحَجَّامِ؟ فَنَهَاهُ عَنْهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُكَلِّمُهُ حَتَّى قَالَ: «أَطْعِمْهُ رَقِيقَكَ، وَاعْلِفْهُ نَاضِحَكَ»،\n\n١٩٣١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مُحَيِّصَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ","vol":"14","page":113},{"text":"١٩٣٢٠ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ الْحَارِثِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ  «سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ كَسْبِ الْحَجَّامِ؟ فَنَهَاهُ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ الْحَاجَةَ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْلِفَهُ نَوَاضِحَهُ» ⦗١١٤⦘،\n\n١٩٣٢١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أَحَدِ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،","vol":"14","page":113},{"text":"١٩٣٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ \" اسْتَأْذَنَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي إِجَارَةِ الْحَجَّامِ، فَنَهَاهُ عَنْهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيَسْتَأْذِنُهُ حَتَّى قَالَ: «أَعْلِفْهَا نَوَاضِحَكَ وَرَقِيقَكَ»","vol":"14","page":114},{"text":"١٩٣٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، «حَجَمَ أَبُو طَيْبَةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصَاعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ، وَأَمَرَ أَهْلَهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفُوا عَنْهُ مِنْ خَرَاجِهِ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"14","page":114},{"text":"١٩٣٢٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قِيلَ لَهُ: احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، حَجَمَهُ أَبُو طَيْبَةَ ⦗١١٥⦘، فَأَعْطَاهُ صَاعَيْنِ، وَأَمَرَ مَوَالِيَهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفُوا عَنْهُ مِنْ ضَرِيبَتِهِ، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ أَمْثَلَ مَا تَدَاوَيْتُمْ بِهِ الْحِجَامَةُ، وَالْقُسْطُ الْبَحْرِيُّ لِصِبْيَانِكُمْ مِنَ الْعُذْرَةِ، وَلَا تُعَذِّبُوهُمْ بِالْغَمْزِ»، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ","vol":"14","page":114},{"text":"١٩٣٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، انْقَطَعَ مَتْنُهُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ، وَقَدْ\n\n١٩٣٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «احْتَجَمَ وَأَعْطَى الْحَجَّامَ أَجْرَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ خَبِيثًا لَمْ يُعْطِهِ»\n\n١٩٣٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «حَجَمَهُ عَبْدٌ لِبَنِي بَيَاضَةَ، فَأَعْطَاهُ أَجْرَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حَرَامًا لَمْ يُعْطِهِ وَأَمَرَ مَوَالِيَهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفُوا عَنْهُ مِنْ خَرَاجِهِ»","vol":"14","page":115},{"text":"١٩٣٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗١١٦⦘، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، \" احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَالَ لِلْحَجَّامِ: «اشْكُمُوهُ»\n\n١٩٣٢٩ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ شَيْءٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ وَلَا نَاسِخٌ وَلَا مَنْسُوخٌ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ لِمُحَيِّصَةَ أَنْ يَعْلِفَهُ نَاضِحَهُ، وَيُطْعِمَهُ رَقِيقَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حَرَامًا لَمْ يُجِزْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِمُحَيِّصَةَ أَنْ يَمْلِكَ حَرَامًا، وَلَا يَعْلِفَهُ نَاضِحَهُ، وَلَا يُطْعِمَهُ رَقِيقَهُ، وَرَقِيقُهُ مِمَّنْ عَلَيْهِ فَرْضُ الْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَجَّامًا عَلَى الْحِجَامَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُعْطِي إِلَّا مَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ، وَمَا يَحِلُّ لِمَالِكِهِ مِلْكُهُ، وَالْمَعْنَى فِي نَهْيِهِ عَنْهُ وَإِرْخَاصِهِ فِي أَنْ يُطْعِمَهُ النَّاضِحَ وَالرَّقِيقَ: أَنَّ مِنَ الْمَكَاسِبِ دَنِيًّا وَحَسَنًا، فَكَانَ كَسْبُ الْحَجَّامِ دَنِيًّا فَأَحَبَّ لَهُ تَنْزِيهَ نَفْسِهِ عَنِ الدَّنَاءَةِ لِكَثْرَةِ الْمَكَاسِبِ الَّتِي هِيَ أَجْمَلُ مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا زَادَهُ فِيهِ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْلِفَهُ نَاضِحَهُ، وَيُطْعِمَهُ رَقِيقَهُ تَنْزِيهًا لَهُ لَا تَحْرِيمًا عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٩٣٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لِعُثْمَانَ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ مَعَاشِهِ؟ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ غَلَّةَ حَمَّامٍ وَكَسْبَ حَجَّامٍ أَوْ حَجَّامَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ كَسْبَكُمْ لَوَسِخٌ، أَوْ قَالَ: لَدَنِسٌ، أَوْ: لَدَنِيءٌ، أَوْ كَلِمَةً تُشْبِهُهَا\n\n١٩٣٣١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُسْتَدَلُّ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الصَّحِيحَةِ فِي الرُّخْصَةِ فِي كَسْبِ الْحَجَّامِ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِيَ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ مِنْ نَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ ثَمَنِ الدَّمِ ⦗١١٧⦘\n\n١٩٣٣٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ﷺ: «كَسْبُ الْحَجَّامِ خَبِيثٌ»،\n\n١٩٣٣٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ «بِئْسَ الْكَسْبُ ثَمَنُ الْحَجَّامِ» إِنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ التَّنْزِيهَ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"14","page":115},{"text":"١٩٣٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «كَسْبُ الْحَجَّامِ مِنَ السُّحْتِ»\n\n١٩٣٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا، وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أَعْطَى الْحَجَّامَ أَجْرَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ سُحْتًا لَمْ يُعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ،\n\n١٩٣٣٦ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافٍ عَلِيٍّ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍ\n\n١٩٣٣٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «احْتَجَمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَأَمَرَنِي فَأَعْطَيْتُ الْحَجَّامَ أَجْرَهُ»،\n\n١٩٣٣٨ - وَهَذَا يُوَافِقُ الْأَحَادِيثَ الصَّحِيحَةَ، وَهُوَ لَا يُخَالِفُ أَمْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٩٣٣٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنِ احْتَجَمَ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ، وَتِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ، وَإِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ، كَانَ شِفَاءً مِنْ دَاءٍ» ⦗١١٨⦘\n\n١٩٣٤٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُنْقَطِعًا «مَنِ احْتَجَمَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ، وَيَوْمَ السَّبْتِ، فَرَأَى وَضْحًا فَلَا يَلُومَنَّ إِلَّا نَفْسَهُ»","vol":"14","page":117},{"text":"١٩٣٤١ - وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَطَّافِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ سَاعَةً لَا يَحْتَجِمُ فِيهَا مُحْتَجِمٌ إِلَّا عَرَضَ لَهُ دَاءٌ لَا يُشْفَى مِنْهُ»،\n\n١٩٣٤٢ - وَعَطَّافُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"14","page":118},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1326>الِاكْتُوَاءُ، وَالِاسْتِرْقَاءُ</span>","vol":"14","page":119},{"text":"١٩٣٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ الْعَقَّارِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَمْ يَتَوَكَّلْ مَنِ اسْتَرْقَى وَاكْتَوَى» ⦗١٢١⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَتِيقِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ\n\n١٩٣٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي قُمَاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنِ اسْتَرْقَى، أَوِ اكْتَوَى فَلَمْ يَتَوَكَّلْ»\n\n١٩٣٤٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا نَظِيرُ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مِنْ أُمَّتِي سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ»، فَقِيلَ: مَنْ هُمْ؟ قَالَ: «هُمُ الَّذِينَ لَا يَسْتَرْقُونَ، وَلَا يَكْتَوُونَ، وَلَا يَتَطَيَّرُونَ، وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ»\n\n١٩٣٤٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ تَرْغِيبًا فِي التَّوَكُّلِ عَلَى اللَّهِ ﷿، وَقَطْعِ الْقُلُوبِ عَنِ الْأَسْبَابِ الَّتِي كَانُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَرْجُونَ مِنْهَا الشِّفَاءَ دُونَ مَنْ جَعَلَهَا أَسْبَابًا لَهَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُ مُتَوَكِّلًا عَلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ بِقَلْبِهِ لَا يَرْجُو الشِّفَاءَ إِلَّا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَعْمَلَ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَسْبَابِ وَهُوَ يَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَهُ سَبَبًا لِلشِّفَاءِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَصْنَعْ فِيهِ الشِّفَاءَ لَمْ يَصْنَعِ السَّبَبُ شَيْئًا، لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ فَقَدْ\n\n١٩٣٤٧ - رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنْ كَانَ فِي أَدْوِيَتِكُمْ خَيْرٌ فَفِي شَرْطَةِ حَجَّامٍ، أَوْ شَرْبَةِ عَسَلٍ، أَوْ لَدْعَةٍ بِنَارٍ ⦗١٢٢⦘ تُوَافِقُ دَاءً، وَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَكْتَوِيَ»\n\n١٩٣٤٨ - وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «بَعَثَ إِلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ طَبِيبًا، فَقَطَعَ مِنْهُ عِرْقًا، ثُمَّ كَوَاهُ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٩٣٤٩ - وَعَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اعْرِضُوا عَلَيَّ رُقَاكُمْ، لَا بَأْسَ بِالرُّقَى مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ شِرْكٌ»\n\n١٩٣٥٠ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الرُّقَى: «مِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَنْفَعَ أَخَاهُ فَلْيَنْفَعْهُ»\n\n١٩٣٥١ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يُنْزِلْ دَاءً إِلَّا أَنْزَلَ لَهُ شِفَاءً» ⦗١٢٣⦘\n\n١٩٣٥٢ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ: «لِكُلِّ دَاءٍ دَوَاءٌ، فَإِذَا أُصِيبَ دَوَاءُ الدَّاءِ بَرَأَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ»\n\n١٩٣٥٣ - وَقَالُوا فِي حَدِيثِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نَتَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: «تَدَاوَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لَمْ يَضَعْ دَاءً إِلَّا وَضَعَ دَوَاءً غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ وَهُوَ الْهَرَمُ»\n\n١٩٣٥٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي خُزَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ دَوَاءً نَتَدَاوَى بِهِ، وَرُقًى نَسْتَرْقِيهَا، وَأَتْقَاءً نَتَّقِيهَا، هَلْ يَرُدُّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّهُ مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ»\n\n١٩٣٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَنِ الرُّقْيَةِ، فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ أَنْ يَرْقِيَ الرَّجُلُ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَمَا يُعْرَفُ مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، قُلْتُ: أَيَرْقِي أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، إِذَا رَقُوا بِمَا يُعْرَفُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، فَقُلْتُ: وَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: غَيْرُ حُجَّةٍ، فَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ صَاحِبِنَا وَصَاحِبِكَ، فَإِنَّ مَالِكًا، أَخْبَرَنَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ دَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَهِيَ تَشْتَكِي، وَيَهُودِيَّةٌ تَرْقِيهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: ارْقِيهَا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ \" ⦗١٢٤⦘\n\n١٩٣٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ أَسَانِيدَ مَا أَشَرْنَا إِلَيْهِ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، وَمَا لَمْ نُشِرْ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّا رُوِيَ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ بَعْضِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٩٣٥٧ - وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْهُ إِذَا كَانَ فِيهِ شِرْكٌ، أَوِ اسْتَعْمَلَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَسْتَعْمِلُونَهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِنْ إِضَافَةِ الشِّفَاءِ إِلَيْهِ دُونَ اللَّهِ ﷿، أَوِ اكْتَوَى قَبْلَ وُقُوعِ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":120},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1327>مَا لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ، وَمَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمُضْطَرِّ، وَالْفَأْرَةُ تَقَعُ فِي السَّمْنِ أَوِ الزَّيْتِ</span>","vol":"14","page":125},{"text":"١٩٣٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يُخْبِرُ عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ: أَنَّ فَأْرَةً وَقَعَتْ فِي سَمْنٍ فَمَاتَتْ فِيهِ، فَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «أَلْقُوهَا وَمَا حَوْلَهَا وَكُلُوهُ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانَ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n١٩٣٥٩ - وَرَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: وَهُوَ جَامِدٌ، فَمَاتَتْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خُذُوهَا وَمَا حَوْلَهَا فَأَلْقُوهَا وَكُلُوا مَا بَقِيَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":125},{"text":"١٩٣٦٠ - وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ⦗١٢٦⦘ قَالَ: سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ فَأْرَةٍ وَقَعَتْ فِي سَمْنٍ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِنْ كَانَ جَامِدًا أُخِذَتْ وَمَا حَوْلَهَا وَأُلْقِيَتْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ذَائِبًا - أَوْ مَائِعًا - يُؤْكَلْ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٣٦١ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «فَإِنْ كَانَ مَائِعًا فَلَا تُقْرَبُوهُ»، وَعَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٣٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي أَثْنَاءِ مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: فَدُلَّ أَمْرُهُ بِأَكْلِ مَا سِوَاهُ - يَعْنِي فِي الْجَامِدِ - عَلَى أَنَّ مَا حَوْلَهَا - مَا لَصَقَ بِهَا دُونَ مَا كَانَ دُونَهُ - حَائِلٌ عَنِ اللُّصُوقِ بِهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٣٦٣ - وَأَبَاحَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ الِاسْتِصْبَاحَ بِمَا نَجُسَ مِنْهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ، وَعَلَّقَ الْقَوْلَ فِيهِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ","vol":"14","page":125},{"text":"١٩٣٦٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ فَأْرَةٍ وَقَعَتْ فِي سَمْنٍ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَلْقُوهَا وَمَا حَوْلَهَا وَكُلُوا مَا بَقِيَ»، فَقِيلَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ السَّمْنُ مَائِعًا؟ قَالَ: «انْتَفِعُوا بِهِ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهُ» ⦗١٢٧⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرُوهُ\n\n١٩٣٦٥ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي فَأْرَةٍ وَقَعَتْ فِي زَيْتٍ قَالَ: اسْتَصْبِحُوا بِهِ وَادَّهِنُوا بِهِ أُدْمَكُمْ،\n\n١٩٣٦٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ الْعَبْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، مَرْفُوعًا وَمَوْقُوفًا، وَالْمَوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ\n\n١٩٣٦٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قُلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ شُحُومَ الْمَيْتَةِ فَإِنَّهُ يُطْلَى بِهَا السُّفُنُ، وَتُدْهَنُ بِهَا الْجُلُودُ، وَيَسْتَصْبِحُ بِهَا النَّاسُ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، هُوَ حَرَامٌ»، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: «قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ شُحُومَهَا أَجْمَلُوهُ، ثُمَّ بَاعُوهُ»\n\n١٩٣٦٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵁، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ أَكْلَ شَيْءٍ، حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثَمَنَهُ»،\n\n١٩٣٦٩ - وَمَنْ أَبَاحَ الِانْتِفَاعَ بِالزَّيْتِ النَّجِسِ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْمَيْتَةِ، فَإِنَّ نَجَاسَةَ الْمَيْتَةِ أَغْلَظُ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ الْأَخْبَارَ الْوَارِدَةَ فِيهَا عَلَى مَا وَرَدَتْ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"14","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1328>مَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ بِالضَّرُورَةِ</span>\n١٩٣٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَقَدْ فَصَّلَ لَكُمْ مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا مَا اضْطُرِرْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١١٩]،\n\n١٩٣٧١ - وَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [النحل: ١١٥]،\n\n١٩٣٧٢ - وَقَالَ فِي ذِكْرِ مَا حَرَّمَ: ﴿فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٣]\n\n١٩٣٧٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَيَحِلُّ مَا حَرُمَ مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ وَالدَّمِ وَلَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَكُلُّ مَا حَرُمَ مِمَّا لَا يُغَيِّرُ الْعَقْلَ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ لِلْمُضْطَرِّ،\n\n١٩٣٧٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ الْمُضْطَرِّ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكْلُهُ إِنْ أَكَلَ فِعْلَ مَا يَقْطَعُ فِيهِ الْخَوْفَ وَيَبْلُغُ بِهِ بَعْضَ الْقُوَّةِ، وَلَا يَبِينُ أَنْ يَحْرُمَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَشْبَعَ وَيَرْوَى، وَإِنْ أَجْزَأَهُ دُونَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ التَّحْرِيمَ قَدْ زَالَ عَنْهُ بِالضَّرُورَةِ. . . وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"14","page":128},{"text":"١٩٣٧٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: مَاتَتْ ⦗١٢٩⦘ نَاقَةٌ، أَوْ بَغْلٌ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لِيَسْتَفْتِيَهُ، فَزَعَمَ جَابِرٌ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِصَاحِبِهَا: «أَمَا لَكَ مَا يُغْنِيكَ عَنْهَا؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «اذْهَبْ فَكُلْهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ أَبُو سُهَيْلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مِسْكٌ، وَسَهْلُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: مَاتَ بَغْلٌ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n١٩٣٧٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ حَسَّانَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا نَكُونُ بِالْأَرْضِ، فَتُصِيبُنَا بِهَا الْمَخْمَصَةُ، فَمَتَى تَحِلُّ لَنَا الْمَيْتَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: «مَا لَمْ تَصْطَبِحُوا»،\n\n١٩٣٧٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «إِذَا لَمْ تَصْطَبِحُوا، أَوْ تَغْتَبِقُوا، أَوْ تَحْتَفِئُوا بِهَا بَقْلًا، فَشَأْنَكُمْ بِهَا»،\n\n١٩٣٧٨ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ، لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ حَسَّانُ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ مِنْ أَبِي وَاقِدٍ، إِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ أَبِي مَرْثَدٍ، أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْثَدٍ، وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ،\n\n١٩٣٧٩ - وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ: رَأَيْتُ عِنْدَ الْحَسَنِ: كُتَبَ سَمُرَةَ لِبَنِيهِ: إِنَّهُ يُجْزِئُ مِنَ الِاضْطِرَارِ أَوِ الضَّرُورَةِ صُبُوحٌ أَوْ غُبُوقٌ ⦗١٣٠⦘\n\n١٩٣٨٠ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَرْوَيْتَ أَهْلَكَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ غُبُوقًا فَاجْتَنِبْ مَا نَهَاكَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ»،\n\n١٩٣٨١ - وَفِي ثُبُوتِ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ نَظَرٌ، وَحَدِيثُ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ أَصَحُّهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":128},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1329>تَحْرِيمُ أَكَلِ مَالِ الْغَيْرِ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ فِي غَيْرِ حَالِ الضَّرُورَةِ </span>⦗١٣٢⦘\n١٩٣٨٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: «مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي أَنَّ مَا كَانَ مُبَاحَ الْأَصْلِ يَحْرُمُ بِمَالِكِهِ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ فِيهِ مَالِكُهُ»\n\n١٩٣٨٣ - فَالْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ وَعَزَّ قَالَ: ﴿لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٩]\n\n١٩٣٨٤ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَآتُوا الْيَتَامَى أَمْوَالَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢]،\n\n١٩٣٨٥ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَآتُوا النِّسَاءَ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةٌ﴾ [النساء: ٤]،\n\n١٩٣٨٦ - مَعَ آيٍ كَثِيرٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ حَظَرَ فِيهَا أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا بِطِيبِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، إِلَّا بِمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، ثُمَّ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ وَجَاءَتْ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ","vol":"14","page":131},{"text":"١٩٣٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَحْلُبَنَّ أَحَدٌ مَاشِيَةَ أَحَدٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ، أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْتَى مَشْرُبَتُهُ فَتُكْسَرَ خِزَانَتُهُ فَيُنْتَثَلَ طَعَامُهُ؟ فَإِنَّمَا تَخْزُنُ لَهُمْ ضُرُوعُ مَوَاشِيهِمْ أَطْعِمَتَهُمْ، فَلَا يَحْلُبَنَّ أَحَدٌ مَاشِيَةَ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ» ⦗١٣٣⦘،\n\n١٩٣٨٨ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَحَدِيثُ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَدْ سَقَطَ بَعْضُ مَتْنِهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٩٣٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى حَدِيثًا لَا يَثْبُتُ مِثْلُهُ: «إِذَا دَخَلَ الْحَائِطَ فَلْيَأْكُلْ، وَلَا يَتَّخِدْ خُبْنَةً»، وَمَا لَا يَثْبُتُ لَا حُجَّةَ فِيهِ، وَلَبَنُ الْمَاشِيَةِ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مُبَاحًا إِنْ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ، هَكَذَا مِنْ ثَمَرِ الْحَائِطِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ اللَّبَنَ يُسْتَخْلَفُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، وَالَّذِي يَعْرِفُ النَّاسُ أَنَّهُمْ يَبْذِلُونَ مِنْهُ وَيَرْجُونَ مِنْ بَذْلِهِ مَا لَا يَبْذِلُونَ مِنَ الثَّمَرِ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قُلْنَا بِهِ وَلَمْ نُخَالِفْهُ","vol":"14","page":132},{"text":"١٩٣٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ دَخَلَ حَائِطًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ، وَلَا يَتَّخِذْ خُبْنَةً»\n\n١٩٣٩١ - وَذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ غَلُطَ فِيهِ قَالَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْغَلَّابِيِّ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ عَنْهُ،\n\n١٩٣٩٢ - وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى هَذَا اللَّفْظُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ ⦗١٣٤⦘، وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى حَالِ الضَّرُورَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مُطْلَقًا فَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى الضَّرُورَةِ","vol":"14","page":133},{"text":"١٩٣٩٤ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ؟ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَصَابَ بِفِيهِ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ، فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةٌ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ، وَمَنْ سَرَقَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُؤْوِيَهُ الْجَرِينُ، فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَطْعُ»\n\n١٩٣٩٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَوْلُهُ: «فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ»، يُرِيدُ لَا قَطْعَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا تَضْعِيفَ الْغَرَامَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَقَدْ شَرَطَ فِي جَوَازِ الْأَكْلِ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَا حَاجَةٍ، فَكَذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مَعَ أَنَّ شَيْئًا مِنْ تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَاتِ لَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ صَاحِبُ الصَّحِيحِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَفِيهِ مَا قَدْ وَقَعَ الْإِجْمَاعُ عَلَى نَسْخِهِ\n\n١٩٣٩٦ - وَحَدِيثُ مَالِكٍ، وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الْمَنْعِ مِنَ الْحَلْبِ مِنْ أَصَحِّ الْأَسَانِيدِ وَأَثْبَتِهَا، فَالْحُكْمُ لَهُ دُونَهُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ\n\n١٩٣٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوِ اضْطُرَّ رَجُلٌ فَخَافَ الْمَوْتَ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِطَعَامٍ لِرَجُلٍ لَمْ أَرَ بَأْسًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مَا يَرُدَّ مِنْ جُوعِهِ، وَيُغَرَّمَ لَهُ ثَمَنَهُ مِنْهُ، وَلَمْ أَرَ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَمْنَعَهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ فَضْلًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ عِنْدَهُ، وَخِفْتُ أَنْ يُضَيِّقَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ وَيَكُونَ أَعَانَ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ إِذَا خَافَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَنْعِ الْقَتْلَ ⦗١٣٥⦘\n\n١٩٣٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ فَضْلٌ مِنْ زَادٍ، فَلْيَعُدْ بِهِ عَلَى مَنْ لَا زَادَ لَهُ»\n\n١٩٣٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَطْعِمُوا الْجَائِعَ، وَعُودُوا الْمَرِيضَ، وَفُكُّوا الْعَانِيَ» - يَعْنِي الْأَسِيرَ -\n\n١٩٤٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَاشِيَةٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا صَاحِبُهَا فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنْهُ، فَإِنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ فَلْيَحْلِبْ وَلْيَشْرَبْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا فَلْيُصَوِّتْ ثَلَاثًا، فَإِنْ أَجَابَهُ فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنْهُ، وَإِلَّا فَلْيَحْتَلِبْ وَلْيَشْرَبْ وَلَا يَحْمِلْ»،\n\n١٩٤٠١ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي إِيجَابِ الضَّمَانِ بِمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الْأَصْلِ مِنْ تَحْرِيمِ مَالِ الْغَيْرِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مَا يَشْتَرِيهِ بِهِ لَمْ يَلْزَمْهُ بَدَلُهُ إِلَّا بِعِوَضٍ، كَذَلِكَ إِنْ أَمْكَنَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ بِعِوَضٍ فِي ذِمَّتِهِ،\n\n١٩٤٠٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ: فِي قِصَّةِ الْمَزَادَتَيْنِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حِينَ أَخَذَ مَاءَهَا، وَدَعَا فِيهِمَا بِالْبَرَكَةِ حَتَّى لَمْ يُرَدَّا إِلَّا امْتَلَأَا، أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ فَجَاءُوا ⦗١٣٦⦘ مِنْ زَادِهِمْ حَتَّى مَلَأَ لَهَا ثَوْبَهَا","vol":"14","page":134},{"text":"١٩٤٠٣ - وَأَمَّا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ،\n\n١٩٤٠٤ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، إِمْلَاءً قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي أَبُو عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ تَبْعَثُنَا فَنَنْزِلُ بِقَوْمٍ وَلَا يَقْرُونَنَا فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ لَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنْ نَزَلْتُمْ بِقَوْمٍ فَأَمَرُوا لَكُمْ بِمَا يَنْبَغِي لِلضَّيْفِ فَاقْبَلُوا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَخُذُوا مِنْهُمْ حَقَّ الضَّيْفِ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ»، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ\n\n١٩٤٠٥ - وَهُوَ إِنْ كَانَ النُّزُولُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِينَ صُولِحُوا عَلَى الضِّيَافَةِ مَعَ الْجِزْيَةِ فَعَلَيْهِمُ الْوَفَاءُ بِمَا وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ الصُّلْحُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ النُّزُولُ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَوَقَعَتْ لَهُمْ إِلَى الضِّيَافَةِ لِحَاجَةٍ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِمْ بَذْلُهَا لِمَنِ اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهَا تُبْذَلُ، كَمَا قُلْنَا فِيمَنِ اضْطُرَّ إِلَى مَالِ الْغَيْرِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٤٠٦ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا وَرَدَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ قَبْلَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ حِينَ كَانَ يَبْعَثُ السَّرَايَا","vol":"14","page":136},{"text":"١٩٤٠٧ - ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي الْفَوَارِسِ الْحَافِظُ بِبَغْدَادَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الصَّوَّافُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ وَاقِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَلَا، أَيُّ شَهْرٍ تَعْلَمُونَهُ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً؟»، قَالُوا: شَهْرُنَا هَذَا قَالَ: «أَيُّ بَلَدٍ تَعْلَمُونَهُ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً؟»، قَالُوا: بَلَدُنَا هَذَا قَالَ: «أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَيَّ يَوْمٍ أَعْظَمَ»، قَالُوا: يَوْمُنَا هَذَا قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ دِمَاءَكُمْ، وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ، وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ»، - ثَلَاثًا - كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يُجِيبُونَهُ: أَلَا نَعَمْ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ نَازِلًا\n١٩٤٠٨ - فَيُشْبِهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَدِيثُ فِي النُّزُولِ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي غَيْرِ حَالِ الضَّرُورَةِ مَنْسُوخًا.\n\n١٩٤٠٩ - هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ وَغَيْرُهُ فِي تَحْرِيمِ مَالِ الْغَيْرِ، أَوْ يَكُونُ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ النُّزُولَ بِالْمُعَاهِدِينَ دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِدَلِيلِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَمَا وَرَدَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٤١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ مِنَ الضَّرُورَةِ وَجْهًا ثَانِيًا، أَنْ يَمْرَضَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرَضَ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِهِ أَوْ يَكُونَ هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِهِ قَلَّمَا يَبْرَأُ مَنْ كَانَ بِهِ مِثْلُ هَذَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ كَذَا أَوْ يَشْرَبَهُ، أَوْ يُقَالُ لَهُ: إِنَّ أَعْجَلَ مَا يُبْرِئُكَ أَكْلُ كَذَا، أَوْ شُرْبُ كَذَا، فَيَكُونُ لَهُ أَكْلُ ذَلِكَ وَشُرْبُهُ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ خَمْرًا، إِذَا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَا أَسْكَرَتْهُ، أَوْ شَيْئًا يُذْهِبُ الْعَقْلَ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا، فَإِنَّ إِذْهَابَ الْعَقْلِ مُحَرَّمٌ وَذَهَابَ الْعَقْلِ يَمْنَعُ الْفَرَائِضَ وَيُؤَدِّي إِلَى إِتْيَانِ الْمَحَارِمِ ⦗١٣٨⦘\n\n١٩٤١١ - قَالَ: وَمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْأَعْرَابَ أَنْ يَشْرَبُوا أَلْبَانَ الْإِبِلِ وَأَبْوَالَهَا، وَقَدْ يَذْهَبُ الْوَبَاءُ بِغَيْرِ أَلْبَانِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ أَقْرَبُ مَا هُنَاكَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ عَنِ الْأَعْرَابِ لِإِصْلَاحِهِ لِأَبْدَانِهِمْ\n\n١٩٤١٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ الْعُرَنِيِّينَ فِي كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ","vol":"14","page":137},{"text":"١٩٤١٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ذَكَرَ أَنَّ طَارِقَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ أَوْ سُوَيْدَ بْنَ طَارِقٍ، سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ؟ فَنَهَاهُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ فَنَهَاهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، إِنَّهَا دَوَاءٌ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا وَلَكِنَّهَا دَاءٌ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ\n\n١٩٤١٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ الدَّاءَ وَالدَّوَاءَ، وَجَعَلَ لِكُلِّ دَاءٍ دَوَاءً، فَتَدَاوَوْا، وَلَا تَدَاوَوْا بِحَرَامٍ»،\n\n١٩٤١٥ - وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ مَا يُذْهِبُ الْعَقْلَ، أَوْ عَلَى اسْتِعْمَالِهِ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَاجٍ إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنِ احْتَاجَ إِلَى مَا لَا يُزِيلُ الْعَقْلَ جَازَ بِدَلِيلِ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْعُرَنِيِّينَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٤١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي الْخَبَرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِجُبْنَةٍ فِي تَبُوكَ فَدَعَا بِسِكِّينٍ فَسَمَّى وَقَطَعَ» ⦗١٣٩⦘،\n\n١٩٤١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: «كُلُوا مِنَ الْجُبْنِ مَا صَنَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَأَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ»،\n\n١٩٤١٨ - وَأَمَّا الطِّينُ الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ فَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ أَكْلِهِ أَخْبَارٌ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا\n\n١٩٤١٩ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَحَمَلْتُهُ عَلَى الرَّأْسِ وَالْعَيْنِ وَالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ","vol":"14","page":138},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1330>مَا حُرِّمَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ</span>\n١٩٤٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ تَعَالَى: ﴿كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٣]،\n\n١٩٤٢١ - وَقَالَ: ﴿فَبِظُلْمٍ مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ طَيِّبَاتٍ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٦٠]،\n\n١٩٤٢٢ - يَعْنِي - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - طَيِّبَاتٍ كَانَتْ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ،\n\n١٩٤٢٣ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا كُلَّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ شُحُومَهُمَا إِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتْ ظُهُورُهُمَا أَوِ الْحَوَايَا أَوْ مَا اخْتَلَطَ بِعَظْمٍ ذَلِكَ جَزَيْنَاهُمْ بِبَغْيهِمْ وَإِنَّا لَصَادِقُونَ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٦]\n\n١٩٤٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْحَوَايَا مَا حَوْلَ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ فِي الْبَطْنِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْيَهُودِ خَاصَّةً، وَغَيْرِهِمْ عَامَّةً مُحَرَّمًا مِنْ حِينِ حَرَّمَهُ حَتَّى بَعَثَ اللَّهُ ﷿ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فَفَرَضَ الْإِيمَانَ بِهِ، وَأَمَرَ بِاتِّبَاعِ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَطَاعَةِ أَمْرِهِ،\n\n١٩٤٢٥ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنْ تَلَا قَوْلَهُ ﷿: ﴿وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٥٧]، فَقِيلَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَوْزَارُهُمْ وَمَا مُنِعُوا بِمَا أَحْدَثُوا قَبْلَ مَا شُرِعَ مِنْ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ ⦗١٤١⦘،\n\n١٩٤٢٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ طَعَامَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ ذَبَائِحَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ تَحِلَّ ذَبِيحَةُ كِتَابِيٍ وَفِي الذَّبِيحَةِ حَرَامٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ مِمَّا كَانَ حُرِّمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَبْلَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ،\n\n١٩٤٢٧ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أَبَاحَ مَا ذَكَرَ عَامَّةً لَا خَاصَّةً\n\n١٩٤٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ فِي الشَّحْمِ الَّذِي وُجِدَ بِخَيْبَرَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى إِبَاحَتِهِ","vol":"14","page":140},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1331>مَا حَرَّمَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ</span>\n١٩٤٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: \" حَرَّمَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ شَيْئًا أَبَانَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ حَرَامًا بِتَحْرِيمِهِمْ، وَذَلِكَ مِثْلَ الْبَحِيرَةِ، وَالسَّائِبَةِ، وَالْوَصِيلَةِ، وَالْحَامِ، كَانُوا يُنْزِلُونَهَا فِي الْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ كَالْعِتْقِ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ: ﴿مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ بُحَيْرَةٍ وَلَا سَائِبَةٍ وَلَا وَصِيلَةٍ وَلَا حَامٍ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٣] \"،\n\n١٩٤٣٠ - وَقَالَ: ﴿قَدْ خَسِرَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوا أَوْلَادَهُمْ سَفَهًا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَحَرِّمُوا مَا رَزَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ افْتِرَاءً عَلَى اللَّهِ قَدْ ضَلُّوا وَمَا كَانُوا مُهْتَدِينَ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٠]،\n\n١٩٤٣١ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ سَائِرَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي ذِكْرِ مَا حَرِّمُوا مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ وَالْحَرْثِ،\n\n١٩٤٣٢ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ إِنَّهُ لَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَا حَرَّمُوا\n\n١٩٤٣٣ - قَالَ: وَيُقَالُ: نَزَلَ فِيهِمْ: ﴿قُلْ هَلُمَّ شُهَدَاءَكُمُ الَّذِينَ يَشْهَدُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ هَذَا فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا فَلَا تَشَهَدْ مَعَهُمْ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥٠]،\n\n١٩٤٣٤ - فَرَدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ مَا أَخْرَجُوا مِنَ الْبَحِيرَةِ، وَالسَّائِبَةِ، وَالْوَصِيلَةِ، وَالْحَامِ، وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا حَرِّمُوا بِتَحْرِيمِهِمْ، وَذَكَرَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ ⦗١٤٣⦘،\n\n١٩٤٣٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ فِي إِبَاحَتِهِ طَعَامَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٥]\n\n١٩٤٣٦ - قَالَ: فَاحْتَمَلَ ذَلِكَ الذَّبَائِحَ وَمَا سِوَاهَا مِنْ طَعَامِهِمُ الَّذِي لَمْ يُنْصَبْ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَيْنَا فِيمَا يَعِيبُونَ عَلَى صَنَعْتِهِ مِنْ طَعَامِهِمْ بِأَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً أَهْدَتْ لَهُ شَاةً مَحْنُوذَةً سَمَّتْهَا فِي ذِرَاعِهَا فَأَكَلَ مِنْهَا هُوَ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا زَالَتِ الْأُكْلَةُ الَّتِي أَكَلْتُ مِنَ الشَّاةِ تُعَاوِدُنِي حَتَّى كَانَ هَذَا أَوَانٌ قُطِعَتْ أَبْهَرِي»،\n\n١٩٤٣٧ - وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ فِيمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَإِهْدَاءُ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ الشَّاةَ وَأَكْلُهُ مِنْهَا فِيمَا رُوِّينَا، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"14","page":142},{"text":"١٩٤٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ بُرْدٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «كُنَّا نَغْزُوا فَنَأْكُلُ مِنْ أَوْعِيَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَنَشْرَبُ مِنْ أَسْقِيَتِهِمْ»","vol":"14","page":143},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1332>٣٩ - كتاب<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1333> السبق والرمي</span></span>\nالسَّبْقُ وَالرَّمْيُ\n\n١٩٤٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِيمَا نَدَبَ بِهِ أَهْلَ دِينِهِ ﴿وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ وَمَنْ رِبَاطِ الْخَيْلِ تُرْهِبُونَ بِهِ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمْ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٠] فَزَعَمَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالتَّفْسِيرِ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ هِيَ الرَّمْيُ","vol":"14","page":147},{"text":"١٩٤٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا التَّفْسِيرُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الصُّفْرِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ بِهَا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْآجِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ ثُمَامَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: \" ﴿وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٠] أَلَا إِنَّ الْقُوَّةَ الرَّمْيُ، إِلَّا إِنَّ الْقُوَّةَ الرَّمْيُ \"، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ","vol":"14","page":147},{"text":"١٩٤٤١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ أَبِي نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا سَبْقَ إِلَّا فِي نَصْلٍ، أَوْ حَافِرٍ ⦗١٤٨⦘، أَوْ خُفٍّ»","vol":"14","page":147},{"text":"١٩٤٤٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا سَبْقَ إِلَّا فِي حَافِرٍ أَوْ خُفٍّ»\n\n١٩٤٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ شَيْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا، وَقَالَ: «إِلَّا فِي نَصْلٍ، أَوْ حَافِرٍ، أَوْ خُفٍّ»، كَمَا رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ","vol":"14","page":148},{"text":"١٩٤٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «سَابَقَ بَيْنَ الْخَيْلِ الَّتِي قَدْ أُضْمِرَتْ»","vol":"14","page":148},{"text":"١٩٤٤٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «سَابَقَ بَيْنَ الْخَيْلِ الَّتِي قَدْ أُضْمِرَتْ مِنَ الْحَفْيَاءِ، فَكَانَ أَمَدُهَا ثَنِيَّةَ الْوَدَاعِ ⦗١٤٩⦘، وَسَابَقَ بَيْنَ الْخَيْلِ الَّتِي لَمْ تُضْمَرْ مِنَ الثَّنِيَّةِ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ»، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"14","page":148},{"text":"١٩٤٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «سَابَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْخَيْلِ فأَرْسَلَ مَا أَضْمَرَ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْحَفْيَاءِ إِلَى ثَنِيَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، وَمَا لَمْ يُضْمَرْ مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَنِيَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"14","page":149},{"text":"١٩٤٤٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ نَاقَةٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تُسَمَّى الْعَضْبَاءَ، فَكَانَتْ لَا تُسْبَقُ، فَجَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ عَلَى قَعُودٍ لَهُ فَسَبَقَهَا، فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ وَقَالُوا لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، الْعَضْبَاءُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «حَقٌّ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ لَا يَرْفَعَ فِي الدُّنْيَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا وَضَعَهُ»، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ ⦗١٥٠⦘\n١٩٤٤٨ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ يَتَنَاضَلُونَ بِالسُّوقِ، فَقَالَ: «ارْمُوا يَا بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَإِنَّ أَبَاكُمْ كَانَ رَامِيًا، وَأَنَا مَعَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ» لِأَحَدِ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ، فَأَمْسَكُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ قَالَ: «مَا لَكُمْ؟ ارْمُوا»، قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ نَرْمِي وَأَنْتَ مَعَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ؟ قَالَ: «ارْمُوا وَأَنَا مَعَكُمْ كُلِّكُمْ»،\n\n١٩٤٤٩ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: يَرْمُوا عَامَّةَ يَوْمِهِمْ، ثُمَّ يَفَرَّقُوا عَلَى السَّوَاءِ مَا نَضَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا\n\n١٩٤٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: «مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي النَّصْلِ، وَالْإِبِلِ، وَالْخَيْلِ، وَالدَّوَابِّ حَلَالٌ»، وَهَذَا أَظُنُّهُ فِيمَا: أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ","vol":"14","page":149},{"text":"١٩٤٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: \" سَابَقْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَبَقْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا حَمَلْتُ اللَّحْمَ سَابَقْتُهُ فَسَبَقَنِي فَقَالَ: «هَذِهِ بِتِلْكَ»، كَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ،\n\n١٩٤٥٢ - وَخَالَفَهُ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ⦗١٥١⦘ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"14","page":150},{"text":"١٩٤٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حُصَيْنُ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَدْخَلَ فَرَسًا بَيْنَ فَرَسَيْنِ، وَلَا يَأْمَنُ أَنْ يَسْبِقَ، فَلَيْسَ بِقِمَارٍ، وَمَنْ أَدْخَلَ فَرَسًا بَيْنَ فَرَسَيْنِ وَقَدْ أَمِنَ أَنْ يَسْبِقَ فَهُوَ قِمَارٌ»، رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، وَعَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنِ،\n\n١٩٤٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِ عَبَّادٍ وَمَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٩٤٥٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ بُرْهَانِ الْخَيْلِ بَأْسٌ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِيهَا مُحَلِّلٌ، فَإِنْ سَبَقَ أَخَذَ السَّبْقَ، وَإِنْ سُبِقَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ»،\n\n١٩٤٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ أَصْحَابِهِ\n\n١٩٤٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَثْنَاءِ مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ: وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يُرِيدَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَا سَبَقَيْنِ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَحَدِهِمَا فَلَا يَجُوزُ حَتَّى يُدْخِلَا بَيْنَهُمَا مُحَلِّلًا، وَالْمُحَلِّلُ فَرَسٌ، أَوْ أَكْثَرُ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ كُفْئًا لِلْفَرَسَيْنِ لَا يَأْمَنَا أَنْ يَسْبِقَهُمَا الْمُحَلِّلُ، فَإِنْ سَبَقَهُمَا الْمُحَلِّلُ كَانَ مَا أَخْرَجَا جَمِيعًا لَهُ وَإِنْ سَبَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْمُحَلِّلَ أَحْرَزَ السَّابِقُ مَالَهُ ⦗١٥٢⦘ وَأَخَذَ مَالَ صَاحِبِهِ، وَإِنْ آتَيَا مُسْتَوِيَيْنِ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ شَيْئًا، وَإِنْ سَبَقَ أَحَدُ الْفَارِسَيْنِ صَاحِبَهُ فَإِنْ سَبَقَهُ صَاحِبُهُ كَانَ لَهُ السَّبْقُ، وَإِنْ سَبَقَ صَاحِبَهُ لَمْ يَغْرَمْ صَاحِبُهُ شَيْئًا وَأَحْرَزَ هُوَ مَالَهُ،\n\n١٩٤٥٨ - فَهَذَا أَحَدُ وُجُوهِ الِاسْتِبَاقِ، وَالثَّالِثُ سَبْقٌ يُعْطِيهِ الْوَالِي أَوِ الرَّجُلُ غَيْرُ الْوَالِي مِنْ مَالِهِ مُتَطَوِّعًا بِهِ فَيَجْعَلُهُ لِلسَّابِقِ وَإِنْ شَاءَ جَعَلَ لِلْمُصَلِّي، وَالثَّالِثُ وَالرَّابِعُ وَمَنْ يَلِيهِ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَرَى، فَمَا جَعَلَ لَهُمْ كَانَ لَهُمْ عَلَى مَا جَعَلَ لَهُمْ","vol":"14","page":151},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1334>٤٠ - كتاب<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1335> الْأَيْمَانُ وَالنُّذُورُ</span></span>\nالْأَيْمَانُ وَالنُّذُورُ\n١٩٤٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ بِاسْمٍ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ، فَحَنِثَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ، وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِشَيْءٍ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ مِثْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ: وَالْكَعْبَةِ، وَأَبِي، وَكَذَا وَكَذَا مَا كَانَ فَحَنِثَ فَلَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَثَلُ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: لَعَمْرِي ⦗١٥٦⦘\n\n١٩٤٦٠ - قَالَ: وَكُلُّ يَمِينٍ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَهِيَ مَكْرُوهَةٌ مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهَا مِنْ قِبَلِ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ خَالَفَا فَلْيَحْلِفْ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ لِيَسْكُتْ»","vol":"14","page":155},{"text":"١٩٤٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ: أَدْرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمَرَ فِي بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: وَأُمِّي وَأَبِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ حَالِفًا فَلْيَحْلِفْ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ»،\n\n١٩٤٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، إِلَّا إِنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: أَدْرَكَ \"، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"14","page":156},{"text":"١٩٤٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عُمَرَ يَحْلِفُ بِأَبِيهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ» قَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا حَلَفْتُ بِهَا ذَاكِرًا وَلَا آثِرًا ⦗١٥٧⦘، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"14","page":156},{"text":"١٩٤٦٤ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ بِمِلَّةٍ غَيْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ كَاذِبًا فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ بِشَيْءٍ عُذِّبَ بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَلَعْنُ الْمُؤْمِنِ كَقَتْلِهِ، وَمَنْ رَمَى مُؤْمِنًا بِكُفْرٍ فَهُوَ كَفِيلُهُ»،\n\n١٩٤٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ\n\n١٩٤٦٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ أَنَّهُ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا لَمْ يَرْجِعْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ سَالِمًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَاذِبًا فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِالْأَمَانَةِ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا» ⦗١٥٨⦘،\n\n١٩٤٦٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَقَتَادَةَ، فِيمَنْ حَلَفَ بِالْيَهُودِيَّةِ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ ثُمَّ حَنِثَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ،\n\n١٩٤٦٨ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ مَرْفُوعًا: «فِيهِ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ» لَا يَصِحُّ، وَلَا أَصْلَ لَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَلَا غَيْرِهِ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الْحَرَّانِيُّ مَتْرُوكٌ","vol":"14","page":157},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1336>مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا</span>","vol":"14","page":159},{"text":"١٩٤٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَوَاسِعٌ لَهُ، وَأَخْتَارُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ»","vol":"14","page":159},{"text":"١٩٤٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُهَيْلُ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ ⦗١٦٠⦘،\n\n١٩٤٧١ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٩٤٧٢ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، مَرْفُوعًا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ فَإِنَّ تَرْكَهَا كَفَّارَتُهَا»،\n\n١٩٤٧٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، «فَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَتُهُ»،\n\n١٩٤٧٤ - فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ،\n\n١٩٤٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: الْأَحَادِيثُ كُلُّهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ» إِلَّا فِيمَا لَا يَعْبَأُ بِهِ\n\n١٩٤٧٦ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: أَحَادِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ مَنَاكِيرُ، وَأَبُوهُ لَا يُعْرَفُ","vol":"14","page":159},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1337>الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ</span>\n١٩٤٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَمَنْ حَلَفَ عَامِدًا لِلْكَذِبِ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ، كَفَّرَ، وَقَدْ أَثِمَ وَأَسَاءَ، حَيْثُ عَمِدَ الْحَلِفَ بِاللَّهِ بَاطِلًا ⦗١٦٢⦘،\n\n١٩٤٧٨ - فَإِنْ قَالَ: وَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ وَقَدْ عَمَدَ الْبَاطِلَ؟\n\n١٩٤٧٩ - قِيلَ: أَقَرَّ بِهَا قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ، وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ»، فَقَدْ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْمَدَ الْحِنْثَ، وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى﴾، نَزَلَتْ فِي رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَنْفَعَ رَجُلًا فَأَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَنْفَعَهُ، وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنْكَرًا مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا﴾ [المجادلة: ٢]، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةَ، وَذَكَرَ الْآيَةَ فِي تَحْرِيمِ قَتَلِ الصَّيْدِ وَمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ فِي بَابِ لَغْوِ الْيَمِينِ","vol":"14","page":161},{"text":"١٩٤٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ فَ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَأَشْهَلُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا تَسْأَلِ الْإِمَارَةَ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ وُكِلْتَ إِلَيْهَا، وَإِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ غَيْرِ مَسْأَلَةٍ أُعِنْتَ عَلَيْهَا، وَإِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَيْتَ غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ»،\n\n١٩٤٨١ - لَفْظُهُمَا سَوَاءٌ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ وَذَكَرَ رِوَايَةَ أَشْهَلَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ","vol":"14","page":162},{"text":"١٩٤٨٢ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ فَ ⦗١٦٣⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: \" كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَعُولُ مِسْطَحَ بْنَ أُثَاثَةَ فَلَمَّا قَالَ فِي عَائِشَةَ مَا قَالَ، أَقْسَمَ بِاللَّهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ لَا يَنْفَعَهُ أَبَدًا، فَلَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أَولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى﴾ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: بَلَى، وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لِي، فَرَدَّ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ وَكَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ \"\n\n١٩٤٨٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَحَدِيثُ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ فِيمَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «وَبَلَى فَقَدْ فَعَلْتَ، وَلَكِنْ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَكَ بِإِخْلَاصِكَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»، حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ عَلَى عَطَاءٍ، فَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٩٤٨٤ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ،\n\n١٩٤٨٥ - وَحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ أَبُو قُدَامَةَ هَكَذَا،\n\n١٩٤٨٦ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ⦗١٦٤⦘،\n\n١٩٤٨٧ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُنْقَطِعًا، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":162},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1338>الْحَلِفُ بِصِفَاتِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ</span>","vol":"14","page":165},{"text":"١٩٤٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" إِنْ قَالَ: لَعَمْرِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الْيَمِينَ فَهِيَ يَمِينٌ، فَإِنْ قَالَ: وَحَقِّ اللَّهِ، وَعَظَمَةِ اللَّهِ، وَجَلَالِ اللَّهِ، وَقُدْرَةِ اللَّهِ، يُرِيدُ بِهَذَا كُلَّهُ الْيَمِينَ أَوْ لَا نِيَّةَ لَهُ فَهِيَ يَمِينٌ \"\n\n١٩٤٨٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الْإِفْكِ قَوْلَ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ: «كَذَبْتَ لَعَمْرِ اللَّهِ، لَا تَقْتُلُهُ، وَلَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ»،\n\n١٩٤٩٠ - وَقَوْلُ أُسَيْدِ بْنِ حُضَيْرٍ: «كَذَبْتَ لَعَمْرِ اللَّهِ لَتَقْتُلَنَّهُ»، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بِمَشْهَدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٩٤٩١ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي \" الَّذِي يُغْمَسُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَ بُؤْسًا قَطُّ، فَيَقُولُ: لَا وَعِزَّتِكَ وَجَلَالِكَ \"\n\n١٩٤٩٢ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الشَّفَاعَةِ قَالَ: \" فَأَقُولُ يَا رَبُّ ائْذَنْ لِي فِيمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَيَقُولُ: لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْكَ، وَلَكِنِّي وَعِزَّتِي ⦗١٦٦⦘ وَكِبْرِيَائِي، وَعَظَمَتِي، وَجَلَالِي، لَأُخْرِجَنَّ مِنْهَا مِنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ \"\n\n١٩٤٩٣ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ الِاسْتِخَارَةِ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَخِيرُكَ بِعِلْمِكَ، وَأَسْتَقْدِرُكَ بِقُدْرَتِكَ»\n\n١٩٤٩٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّتِكَ»\n\n١٩٤٩٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّاتِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ»\n\n١٩٤٩٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ: أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى حُذَيْفَةَ، فَقَالَ: اعْهَدْ إِلَيَّ، فَقَالَ: أَلَمْ يَأْتِكَ الْيَقِينُ؟، فَقَالَ: بَلَى وَعِزَّةِ رَبِّي\n\n١٩٤٩٧ - وَسُئِلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا وَسَمْعِ اللَّهِ، لَا يَحِلُّ بَيْعُهَا، وَلَا ابْتِيَاعُهَا»\n\n١٩٤٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَحْلِفُ بِسُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، فَقَالَ: أَتُرَاهُ مُكَفَّرًا عَلَيْهِ بِكُلِّ آيَةٍ يَمِينٌ ⦗١٦٧⦘\n\n١٩٤٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ بِسُورَةٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَعَلَيْهِ بِكُلِّ آيَةٍ كَفَّارَةٌ إِنْ شَاءَ بَرَّ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ فَجَرَ»،\n\n١٩٥٠٠ - وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ،\n\n١٩٥٠١ - فَفِي هَذَيْنِ الْمُرْسَلَيْنِ مَعَ قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَلِفَ بِهَا يَكُونُ يَمِينًا فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكَ الْقَوْلَ بِمَا فِيهِ التَّغْلِيظُ اسْتِدْلَالًا بِقَوْلِهِ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ: ﴿فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشْرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٨٩] وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَ أَنْ تَكُونَ يَمِينُهُ بِالْقُرْآنِ أَوْ بِغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ»، وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بَعْدَ الْحِنْثِ بِكَفَّارَةِ وَاحِدٍ، فَلَمْ يَجِبْ قَبْلَهُ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٥٠٢ - وَإِنَّمَا قُدِّمَ هَذَا الْخَبَرُ عَلَيْهِ لِثُبُوتِهِ، وَصِحَّةِ أَسَانِيدِهِ، وَذَهَابِ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِهِ دُونَ مَا هُوَ قَبْلَهُ مِنَ التَّغْلِيظِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":165},{"text":"١٩٥٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ أَبِي نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حَمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْمُعَدِّلُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُورَشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَهْلٍ الرَّمْلِيِّ قَالَ: \" سَأَلْتُ مَحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيَّ عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ؟ فَقَالَ: كَلَامُ اللَّهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ \"، وَرَوَاهُ الرَّبِيعُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ الْمِصْرِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ\n\n١٩٥٠٤ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي قِصَّةِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِأَبِي زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ: «وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَخَلِيقًا لِلْإِمَارَةِ» ⦗١٦٨⦘\n\n١٩٥٠٥ - وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ ﵇: «وَايْمُ الَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَوْ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ»،\n\n١٩٥٠٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، قَوْلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ﵁ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَاهَا اللَّهِ إِذًا»\n\n١٩٥٠٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" إِذَا أَقْسَمْتَ فَلَيْسَ بِشَىءٍ حَتَّى تَقُولَ: أَقْسَمْتُ بِاللَّهِ \"\n\n١٩٥٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ رُشْدُ بْنُ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" أُقْسِمُ، وَأَشْهَدُ لَا يَكُونُ يَمِينًا حَتَّى يَقُولَ: بِاللَّهِ \"،\n\n١٩٥٠٩ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ","vol":"14","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1339>مَنْ قَالَ: عَلَيَّ نَذْرٌ، وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ شَيْئًا</span>\n١٩٥١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَلَا نَذْرَ وَلَا كَفَّارَةَ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي حُجَّتِهِ،\n\n١٩٥١١ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ»،\n\n١٩٥١٢ - وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي رَفْعِهِ\n\n١٩٥١٣ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، مَرْفُوعًا. وَالرِّوَايَةُ الصَّحِيحَةُ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَفَّارَةُ النَّذْرِ كَفَّارَةُ الْيَمِينِ»،\n\n١٩٥١٤ - وَهُوَ عِنْدَ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى نَذْرِ اللَّجَّاجِ الَّذِي يَخْرُجُ مَخْرَجَ الْأَيْمَانِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":169},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1340>الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ فِي الْيَمِينِ</span>","vol":"14","page":170},{"text":"١٩٥١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، يَقُولُ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" مَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَقَدِ اسْتَثْنَى \"،\n\n١٩٥١٦ - وَرَوَاهُ وُهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، وَابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ مَرْفُوعًا، ثُمَّ شَكَّ أَيُّوبُ فِي رَفْعِهِ فَتَرَكَهُ قَالَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ","vol":"14","page":170},{"text":"١٩٥١٧ - وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، مَوْقُوفًا: \" مَنْ قَالَ ⦗١٧١⦘: وَاللَّهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلِ الَّذِي حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يَحْنَثْ \"،\n\n١٩٥١٨ - وَرَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، كَذَلِكَ مَوْقُوفًا، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: ثُمَّ وَصَلَ الْكَلَامَ بِالِاسْتِثْنَاءِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: \" فَقَالَ فِي إِثْرِ يَمِينِهِ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ \"\n\n١٩٥١٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُلُّ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ مَوْصُولٌ، وَلَا حَنْثَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مَوْصُولٍ فَهُوَ حَانِثٌ \"","vol":"14","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1341>بَابُ لَغْوِ الْيَمِينِ</span>","vol":"14","page":172},{"text":"١٩٥٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: \" لَغْوُ الْيَمِينِ قَوْلُ الْإِنْسَانِ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، بَلَى وَاللَّهِ \" ⦗١٧٣⦘،\n\n١٩٥٢١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: مَا لَغْوُ الْيَمِينِ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَمَّا الَّذِي نَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ فَمَا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ،\n\n١٩٥٢٢ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: اللَّغْوُ فِي لِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ: الْكَلَامُ غَيْرُ الْمَعْقُودِ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ، وَجِمَاعُ اللَّغْوِ يَكُونُ الْخَطَأَ،\n\n١٩٥٢٣ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ أَوْلَى أَنْ تُتَّبَعَ؛ لِأَنَّهَا أَعْلَمُ بِاللِّسَانِ مَعَ عِلْمِهَا بِالسُّنَّةِ","vol":"14","page":172},{"text":"١٩٥٢٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: ذَهَبْتُ أَنَا وَعُبَيْدُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، إِلَى عَائِشَةَ وَهِيَ مُعْتَكِفَةٌ فِي ثَبِيرٍ، فَسَأَلْنَاهَا عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٥]؟ قَالَتْ: \" هُوَ حَلِفُ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ \"،\n\n١٩٥٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: لَغْوُ الْيَمِينِ كَمَا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ، وَذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى اللِّجَاجِ، وَالْغَضَبِ، وَالْعَجَلَةِ، لَا يَعْقِدُ عَلَى مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ، وَعَقْدُ الْيَمِينِ: أَنْ يَبْنِيَهَا عَلَى الشَّيْءِ بِعَيْنِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٩٥٢٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَذَلِكَ مَوْقُوفًا،\n\n١٩٥٢٧ - وَحَدِيثُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْرَاهِيمَ الصَّائِغِ، عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا ⦗١٧٤⦘،\n\n١٩٥٢٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ مَوْقُوفًا،\n\n١٩٥٢٩ - وَالصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ، كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،\n\n١٩٥٣٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلُ قَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"14","page":173},{"text":"١٩٥٣١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْمَاسِرْجِيُّ فِيمَا أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٥] فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ، لَيْسَ فِيهِ إِلَّا قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ: «حَلِفُ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ يَسْتَيْقِنُهُ، ثُمَّ يَجِدُهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ»\n\n١٩٥٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَكَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَتْ: «حَلِفُ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى عِلْمِهِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ كَفَّارَةٌ»، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ ضَعِيفٌ،\n\n١٩٥٣٣ - وَرِوَايَةُ الثِّقَاتِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، كَمَا مَضَى،\n\n١٩٥٣٤ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ عِنْدَهُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ،\n\n١٩٥٣٥ - وَرِوَايَةُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَى مَا مَضَى، وَتِلْكَ الرِّوَايَةُ أَصَحُّ،\n\n١٩٥٣٦ - وَنَصَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الْكَفَّارَةِ فِيهِ،\n\n١٩٥٣٧ - وَنَحْنُ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ صَحِيحًا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":174},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1342>الْكَفَّارَةُ قَبْلَ الْحِنْثِ</span>\n١٩٥٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَحْنَثَ، فَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لَوْ لَمْ يُكَفِّرْ حَتَّى يَحْنَثَ، وَإِنْ كَفَّرَ قَبْلَ الْحِنْثِ بِإِطْعَامٍ رَجَوْتُ أَنْ يُجْزِئَ عَنْهُ، وَإِنْ كَفَّرَ بِصَوْمٍ قَبْلَ الْحِنْثِ لَمْ يُجْزِئْ عَنْهُ»،\n\n١٩٥٣٩ - وَذَلِكَ أَنَّا نَزْعُمُ أَنَّ لِلَّهِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْعِبَادِ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَالْحَقُّ الَّذِي فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِذَا قَدَّمُوهُ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّهِ أَجْزَأَ،\n\n١٩٥٤٠ - وَأَصْلُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَسَلَّفَ مِنَ الْعَبَّاسِ صَدَقَةَ عَامٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ، وَأَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَدْ قَدَّمُوا صَدَقَةَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْفِطْرُ، فَجَعَلْنَا الْحُقُوقَ الَّتِي فِي الْأَمْوَالِ قِيَاسًا عَلَى هَذَا،\n\n١٩٥٤١ - فَأَمَّا الْأَعْمَالُ الَّتِي عَلَى الْبَدَنِ فَلَا تُجْزِئُ كَالصَّلَاةِ وَالصَّوْمِ\n\n١٩٥٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ الْأَصْلُ الَّذِي اعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذَا","vol":"14","page":175},{"text":"١٩٥٤٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَمُرَةَ ⦗١٧٦⦘ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٩٥٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ سَمُرَةَ لَا تَسْأَلِ الْإِمَارَةَ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ وُكِلْتَ إِلَيْهَا، وَإِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ غَيْرِ مَسْأَلَةٍ أُعِنْتَ عَلَيْهَا، وَإِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَوَجَدْتَ غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكِ، وَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»،\n\n١٩٥٤٥ - لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَا سَوَاءٌ،\n\n١٩٥٤٦ - رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ شَيْبَانَ بْنِ فَرُّوخٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي النُّعْمَانِ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ وَقُرَّةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، وَحُمَيْدٍ، وَثَابِتٍ، وَحَبِيبٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ،","vol":"14","page":175},{"text":"١٩٥٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ. . . . . فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالَ: «فَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ ثُمَّ ائْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»،\n\n١٩٥٤٨ - وَرَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، وَحُمَيْدٍ، وَيُونُسَ، وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سِمَّاكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، وَيُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، وَهِشَامٍ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ: «فَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكِ» ⦗١٧٧⦘،\n\n١٩٥٤٩ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ أَيْضًا عَلَى سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٩٥٥٠ - فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ كَمَا مَضَى،\n\n١٩٥٥١ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"14","page":176},{"text":"١٩٥٥٢ - وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ، «فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَلْيَفْعَلِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»،\n\n١٩٥٥٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ،\n\n١٩٥٥٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ ذُرَيْحٍ الْعُكْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ثَوْرٍ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»","vol":"14","page":177},{"text":"١٩٥٥٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ الْمُسْتَمْلِي، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ غَيْلَانَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ أَسْتَحْمِلُهُ، فَقَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ لَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ ⦗١٧٨⦘، وَمَا عِنْدِي مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ»، ثُمَّ لَبِثْنَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَأُتِيَ بِإِبِلٍ، فَأَمَرَ لَنَا بِثَلَاثَةِ ذَوْدٍ، فَلَمَّا انْطَلَقْنَا قَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ: لَا يُبَارِكُ اللَّهُ لَنَا أَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَسْتَحْمِلُهُ فَحَلَفَ لَا يَحْمِلُنَا فَحَمَلَنَا، قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: فَأَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ: «مَا أَنَا حَمَلْتُكُمْ بَلِ اللَّهُ حَمَلَكُمْ، إِنَّى وَاللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا أَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَأَرَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِلَّا كَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي، وَأَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»","vol":"14","page":177},{"text":"١٩٥٥٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ مُخْتَصَرًا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" فَأَعْطَانَا ثَلَاثَةَ ذَوْدٍ غُرَّ الذُّرَى، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ،\n\n١٩٥٥٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، بِالشَّكِّ، وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادٌ أَيْضًا عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ زَهْدَمٍ، وَعَنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْكَلْينِيِّ، عَنْ زَهْدَمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ ⦗١٧٩⦘،\n\n١٩٥٥٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ:  «فَلْيُكَفِّرْهَا، وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»\n\n١٩٥٥٩ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ: رَوَى حَدِيثُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى الْحِنْثِ قَبْلَ الْكَفَّارَةِ وَبَعْضُهَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى الْكَفَّارَةِ بَعْدَ الْحِنْثِ،\n\n١٩٥٦٠ - وَأَكْثَرُهَا فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ «، أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ\n\n١٩٥٦١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ» كَانَ رُبَّمَا كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحْنَثَ، وَرُبَّمَا كَفَّرَ بَعْدَ مَا حَنِثَ \"","vol":"14","page":178},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1343>الْإِطْعَامُ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ، أَوِ الْكِسْوَةُ، أَوْ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ </span>⦗١٨١⦘\n١٩٥٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَيُجْزِئُ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ مُدٌّ بِمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَهْلُ بَلَدٍ يَقْتَاتُونَ الذُّرَةَ أَوِ الْأَرْزَ، أَوِ التَّمْرَ أَوِ الزَّبِيبَ أَجْزَأَ مِنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ ذَا مُدٌّ ⦗١٨٢⦘،\n\n١٩٥٦٣ - وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا: يُجْزِئُ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أُتِيَ بِعَرَقِ تَمْرٍ، فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُطْعِمَهُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، وَالْعَرَقُ فِيمَا يُقَدَّرُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، وَذَلِكَ سِتُّونَ مُدًّا، فَلِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ»\n\n١٩٥٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الْمُجَامِعِ قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا قَالَ: «خُذْهُ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ»،\n\n١٩٥٦٥ - وَقِيلَ فِيهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ فِي تَقْدِيرِهِ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا،\n\n١٩٥٦٦ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ حَيْثُ قَالَ: فِيهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، أَوْ عِشْرِينَ صَاعًا، فَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أَكْثَرُ مَا قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: مَدٌّ وَرُبُعٌ، أَوْ مَدٌّ وَثُلُثٌ، وَإِنَّمَا هَذَا شَكٌّ أَدْخَلَهُ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالْعَرَقُ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ كَانَ يُقَدَّرُ عَلَى خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا\n\n١٩٥٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا الشَّكُّ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ جِهَةِ رَاوِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَهُوَ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ طَلْقُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ\n\n١٩٥٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِذَا كَفَّرَ بِالطَّعَامِ - يَعْنِي كَفَّارَةَ الْيَمِينِ - أَنْ يُطْعِمَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ ⦗١٨٣⦘\n\n١٩٥٦٩ - قَالَ: وَأَقَلُّ مَا يَكْفِي مِنَ الْكِسْوَةِ كُلُّ مَا وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ كِسْوَةٍ مِنْ عِمَامَةٍ، أَوْ سَرَاوِيلَ، أَوْ إِزَارٍ، أَوْ مُقَنَّعَةٍ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٩٥٧٠ - قَالَ: وَإِذَا أَعْتَقَ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ لَمْ يُجْزِئْهُ إِلَّا رَقَبَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ، وَيُجْزِئُ وَلَدُ الزِّنَا، وَكُلُّ ذِي نَقْصٍ لَا يَضُرُّ بِالْعَمَلِ إِضْرَارًا بَيِّنًا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ الثَّلَاثَةِ","vol":"14","page":180},{"text":"١٩٥٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَوَكَّدَهَا فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ»،\n\n١٩٥٧٢ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ أَصْحَابَ مَالِكٍ فِي خِلَافِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ","vol":"14","page":183},{"text":"١٩٥٧٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدُوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ فَوَكَّدَهَا ثُمَّ حَنِثَ، فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ، أَوْ كِسْوَةُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ، وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ فَلَمْ يُوَكِّدْهَا فَحَنِثَ، فَعَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ»\n\n١٩٥٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَظَاهِرُ الْكِتَابِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى التَّخْيِيرِ بَيْنَ الْإِطْعَامِ، وَالْكِسْوَةِ، وَالْإِعْتَاقِ فِي جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٩٥٧٥ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي آيَةِ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ: «هُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثِ الْأُوَلِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ⦗١٨٤⦘ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ»","vol":"14","page":183},{"text":"١٩٥٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ أَطْعَمَ عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ، لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ، وَهَذَا بِالْمُدِّ الْأَوَّلِ \"\n\n١٩٥٧٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ: «مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ»\n\n١٩٥٧٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ رَيْعُهُ إِدَامُهُ»\n\n١٩٥٧٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْيَاءَ فِيهِنَّ مُدٌّ مُدٌّ: فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ، وَكَفَّارَةِ الظِّهَارِ، وَفِدْيَةٍ طَعَامِ مِسْكِينٍ \"\n\n١٩٥٨٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يُرِيدُ بِهَا فِدْيَةَ الْحَامِلِ وَالْمُرْضِعِ وَالشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ\n\n١٩٥٨١ - وَأَمَّا «فِدْيَةُ الْأَذَى فِي الْإِحْرَامِ فَهِيَ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ» فَبِذَلِكَ وَرَدَ خَبَرُ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَنَقُولُ فِيهَا بِمَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ الْخَبَرُ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِيمَا كَانَ فِي مَعْنَاهَا، وَلَا نَتْرُكُ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ أَحَدَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، بَلْ نَقُولُ بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ\n\n١٩٥٨٢ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ يَسَارِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، «إِنِّي أَحْلِفُ أَنْ لَا أُعْطِيَ أَقْوَامًا ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لِي، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتَنِي قَدْ فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَطْعِمْ عَنِّي ⦗١٨٥⦘ عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ، بَيْنَ كُلِّ مِسْكِينَيْنِ صَاعًا مِنْ بُرٍّ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ»،\n\n١٩٥٨٣ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اسْتَحَبَّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا وَرَدَ فِي الْكَفَّارَاتِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يُجْزِئُ فِي الْيَمِينِ أَقَلُّ مِنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٥٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْأَيْمَانِ الْمَسْمُوعِ مِنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ: كُلُّ مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ لَيْسَ بِمَشْرُوطٍ عَلَيْهِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُتَتَابِعًا أَجْزَأَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُفَرَّقًا قِيَاسًا عَلَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎ فِي قَضَاءِ رَمَضَانَ: ﴿فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]، وَالْعِدَّةُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِعَدَدِ صَوْمٍ لَا وَلَا،\n\n١٩٥٨٥ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ الْكَبِيرِ وَصَوْمِ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ مُتَتَابِعٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٥٨٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ: (فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ)، وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَالرِّوَايَةُ عَنْهُمَا وَقَعَتْ مُرْسَلَةً، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":184},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1344>يَمِينُ الْمُكْرَهِ وَالنَّاسِي وَحَنْثُهُمَا</span>","vol":"14","page":186},{"text":"١٩٥٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «أَصْلُ مَا أَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ يَمِينَ الْمُكْرَهِ غَيْرُ ثَابِتَةٍ عَلَيْهِ لِمَا احْتَجَجْتُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ»،\n\n١٩٥٨٨ - أَمَّا الْكِتَابُ فَأَحْتَجُّ مِنْهُ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾\n\n١٩٥٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي عَقَلْنَا أَنَّ قَوْلَ الْمُكْرَهِ كَمَا لَمْ يَقُلْ فِي الْحُكْمِ","vol":"14","page":186},{"text":"١٩٥٩٠ - وَأَمَّا السُّنَّةُ، فَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «تَجَاوَزَ اللَّهُ عَنْ أُمَّتِي الْخَطَأَ، وَالنِّسْيَانَ، وَمَا اسْتُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ»\n\n١٩٥٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّهُ يَطْرَحُ عَنِ النَّاسِ الْخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ،\n\n١٩٥٩٢ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنْ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ فِيمَنْ حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يُكَلِّمَ فُلَانًا، فَمَرَّ عَلَيْهِ فَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ عَامِدٌ لِلسَّلَامِ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ، فَفِيهِ قَوْلَانِ: فَأَمَّا قَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ ⦗١٨٧⦘: فَلَا يَحْنَثُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ وَضَعَ عَنِ الْأُمَّةِ الْخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ وَفِي قَوْلِ غَيْرِهِ: وَيَحْنَثُ","vol":"14","page":186},{"text":"١٩٥٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا الْيَمِينُ عَلَى نِيَّةِ الْمُسْتَحْلِفِ»،\n\n١٩٥٩٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «يَمِينُكَ عَلَى مَا يُصَدِّقُكَ بِهِ صَاحِبُكَ»،\n\n١٩٥٩٥ - وَهَذَا يَكُونُ فِي الْأَيْمَانِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي الْحُكُومَاتِ عِنْدَ الْحُكَّامِ\n\n١٩٥٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْحِينِ: قَدْ يَكُونُ غُدْوَةً وَعَشِيَّةً،\n\n١٩٥٩٧ - وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ،\n\n١٩٥٩٨ - وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿هَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ حِينٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ﴾ [الإنسان: ١] مَا نَدْرِي كَمْ أَتَى مُنْذُ خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ،\n\n١٩٥٩٩ - وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٥] مَا بَيْنَ صِرَامِ النَّخْلِ إِلَى وَقْتِ ثَمَرِهَا،\n\n١٩٦٠٠ - وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ نَبَأَهُ بَعْدَ حِينٍ﴾ [ص: ٨٨] قَالَ: بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ،\n\n١٩٦٠١ - ﴿وَفِي ثَمُودَ إِذْ قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَمَتَّعُوا حَتَّى حِينٍ﴾ [الذاريات: ٤٣]\n⦗١٨٨⦘ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ،\n\n١٩٦٠٢ - وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٥] قَالَ: سَبْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ،\n\n١٩٦٠٣ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: مَا بَيْنَ سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَالسَّبْعَةِ،\n\n١٩٦٠٤ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: شَهْرَيْنِ، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ،\n\n١٩٦٠٥ - وَقَالَ رَبِيعَةَ: سِتَّةً،\n\n١٩٦٠٦ - وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دِلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحِينَ لَا حَدَّ لَهُ\n\n١٩٦٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَيْسَ فِي الْحِينِ وَقْتٌ مَعْلُومٌ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْحِينَ قَدْ يَكُونُ مُدَّةَ الدُّنْيَا كُلِّهَا وَمَا هُوَ أَقَلُّ مِنْهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَالْفُتْيَا لِمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا أَنْ يُقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّمَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى مَا لَا تَعْلَمُ وَلَا يُعَلِّمُكَ مَصِيرُكَ إِلَى عِلْمِنَا وَالْوَرَعُ لَكَ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ يَوْمٍ وَلَا نُحْنِثُكَ أَبَدًا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَنْ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَأَقْضِيَنَّ حَقَّكَ إِلَى حِينٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٦٠٨ - قَالَ: وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِذَا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ مَا لَهُ مَالٌ، وَلَهُ عِرْضٌ أَوْ دِينٌ أَوْ هُمَا، حَنِثَ؛ لِأَنَّ هَذَا مَالٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ نَوَى شَيْئًا»\n\n١٩٦٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ هَبِيَرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَهُ قَالَ: «خَيْرُ مَالِ الْمَرْءِ مُهْرَةٌ مَأْمُورَةٌ، أَوْ سِكَّةٌ مَأْبُورَةٌ» ⦗١٨٩⦘\n\n١٩٦١٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَخَذَ كِسْرَةً مِنْ خُبْزِ شَعِيرٍ فَوَضَعَ عَلَيْهَا تَمْرَةً، وَقَالَ: «هَذِهِ إِدَامُ هَذِهِ»، وَأَكَلَهَا،\n\n١٩٦١١ - وَفِي هَذَا دِلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ مَا لَا يَصْطَبِغُ فِيهِ إِذَا سُمِّيَ فِي الْعَادَةِ أَدَمًا","vol":"14","page":187},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1345>مَنْ جَعَلَ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَالِهِ صَدَقَةً أَوْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ</span>\n١٩٦١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ (﵀) \" فِيمَنْ قَالَ: مَالِي هَذَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ دَارِي هَذِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَمْلِكُ صَدَقَةً أَوْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ: إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى مَعَانِي الْأَيْمَانِ فَالَّذِي يَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ عَطَاءٌ أَنَّهُ يُجْزِئُهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ، وَمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ قَالَهُ فِي كُلِّ مَا حَنِثَ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ عِتْقٌ أَوْ طَلَاقٌ، وَكَانَ مَذْهَبَ عَائِشَةَ وَالْقِيَاسَ، وَمَذْهَبَ عَدَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ \"، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":190},{"text":"١٩٦١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَجَبِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهَا سُئِلَتْ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ جَعَلَتْ مَالَهَا فِي رِتَاجِ الْكَعْبَةِ؟ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «يَمِينٌ تُكَفَّرُ»\n\n١٩٦١٤ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مِثْلَهُ\n\n١٩٦١٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً سَأَلَتْهَا عَنْ شَيْءٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ ذِي قَرَابَةٍ لَهَا، فَجَعَلَتْ إِنْ كَلَّمَتْهُ، فَمَالُهَا فِي رِتَاجِ الْكَعْبَةِ؟ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «يُكَفِّرُهُ مَا يُكَفِّرُ الْيَمِينَ» ⦗١٩١⦘، وَهُوَ فِي «الْجَامِعِ»","vol":"14","page":190},{"text":"١٩٦١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا مِيرَاثٌ، فَسَأَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ الْقِسْمَةَ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ عُدْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي الْقِسْمَةَ فَكُلُّ مَالٍ لِي فِي رِتَاجِ، الْكَعْبَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: إِنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ غَنِيَّةٌ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، كَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَكَلِّمْ أَخَاكَ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا يَمِينَ عَلَيْكَ، وَلَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ الرَّبِّ، وَلَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ، وَلَا فِيمَا لَا تَمْلِكُ»\n\n١٩٦١٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ فِي امْرَأَةٍ حَلَفَتْ بِأَنَّ مَالَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، إِنْ لَمْ يُفَرَّقْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، فَسَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَحَفْصَةَ، وَأُمَّ سَلَمَةَ، فَأَمَرُوهَا أَنْ «تُكَفِّرَ يَمِينَهَا، وَتُخَلِّيَ بَيْنَهُمَا»،\n\n١٩٦١٨ - وَفِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ: وَعَلَيْهَا الْمَشْيُ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ إِنْ لَمْ تُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَهُمَا\n\n١٩٦١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَنْ حَلَفَ بِالْمَشْيِ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ فَفِيهَا قَوْلَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا مَعْقُولٌ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ: \" أَنَّ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ النُّسُكِ: صَوْمٍ، أَوْ حَجٍّ، أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ، فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ إِذَا حَنِثَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ حَجٌّ، وَلَا عَمْرَةٌ، وَلَا صَوْمٌ \" ⦗١٩٢⦘،\n\n١٩٦٢٠ - وَمَذْهَبُهُ أَنَّ أَعْمَالَ الْبِرِّ لِلَّهِ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا بِفَرْضٍ يُؤَدِّيهِ مَنْ فَرْضِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ تَبَرُّرًا يُرِيدُ اللَّهَ بِهِ، فَأَمَّا عَلَى غَلْقِ الْأَيْمَانِ فَلَا يَكُونُ تَبَرُّرًا","vol":"14","page":191},{"text":"١٩٦٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «إِنَّمَا النَّذْرُ مَا ابْتُغِيَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْخَالِقِ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَنْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":192},{"text":"١٩٦٢٢ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ شِمَاسَةَ الْمَهْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «كَفَّارَةُ النَّذْرِ كَفَّارَةُ الْيَمِينِ»،\n\n١٩٦٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا فِي آخَرِينَ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّ ذِكْرَ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، سَقَطَ مِنْ إِسْنَادِهِ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":192},{"text":"١٩٦٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنِ الْمَشْيِ، فَحَنِثَ بِالْمَشْيِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، «فَأَفْتَاهُ بِكَفَّارَةِ يَمِينٍ»، فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: بِهَذَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا قَوْلُ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي قَالَ: مَنْ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ\n\n١٩٦٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ قَالَ غَيْرُ عَطَاءٍ: عَلَيْهِ الْمَشْيُ كَمَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا نَذَرَهُ مُتَبَرِّرًا\n\n١٩٦٢٦ - وَقَالَ غَيْرَهُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، يَتَصَدَّقُ بِجَمِيعِ مَا يَمْلِكُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَيَحْبِسُ قَدْرَ مَا يَقُوتُهُ، فَإِذَا أَيْسَرَ تَصَدَّقَ الَّذِي حَبَسَ، وَذَهَبَ غَيْرُهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ، وَغَيْرُهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِالزَّكَاةِ\n\n١٩٦٢٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَى عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي حَاضِرٍ فِي امْرَأَةٍ قَالَتْ: مَالُهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَجَارِيَتُهَا حُرَّةٌ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ: فَسُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَا: \" أَمَّا الْجَارِيَةُ فَتُعْتَقُ، وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهَا: مَالِي فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَتَصَدَّقُ بِزَكَاةِ مَالِهَا \"،\n\n١٩٦٢٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى جَوَازِ التَّكْفِيرِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٦٢٩ - وَلَا حُجَّةَ لِمَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَىأَنَّهُ يُتَصَدَّقُ بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ حِينَ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: \" إِنَّ مِنْ تَوْبَتِي أَنْ أَهْجُرَ دَارِي، إِنِّي أَصَبْتُ فِيهَا الذَّنْبَ، وَأَنْخَلِعَ مِنْ مَالِي صَدَقَةً إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يُجْزِئُ ⦗١٩٤⦘ عَنْكَ الثُّلُثُ مِنْ مَالِكِ»، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّهُ نَذَرَ شَيْئًا، أَوْ حَلَفَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَحَنَثَ لَكِنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِجَمِيعِ مَالِهِ شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى حِينَ تَابَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُمْسِكَ بَعْضَ مَالِهِ كَمَا قَالَ لِكَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ حِينَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ: «أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ بَعْضَ مَالِكَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ»","vol":"14","page":193},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1346>مَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ</span>\n١٩٦٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَصْلُ مَعْقُولِ عَطَاءٍ فِي مَعَانِي النُّذُورِ مِنْ هَذَا، أَنَّهُ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ مَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ وَلَا كَفَّارَتُهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ إِنْ شَفَانِي أَوْ شَفَى فُلَانًا أَنْ أَنْحَرَ ابْنِي، أَوْ أَفْعَلَ كَذَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الَّذِي لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ\n\n١٩٦٣١ - قَالَ: «وَإِنَّمَا أَبْطَلَ اللَّهُ النَّذْرَ فِي الْبَحِيرَةِ، وَالسَّائِبَةِ لِأَنَّهَا مَعْصِيَةٌ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي ذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةً، وَبِذَلِكَ جَاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ»","vol":"14","page":195},{"text":"١٩٦٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْأَيْلِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ، وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ","vol":"14","page":196},{"text":"١٩٦٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ السِّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ، وَلَا فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ ابْنُ آدَمَ»\n\n١٩٦٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: وَكَانَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ «أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ نَذَرَتْ وَهَرَبَتْ عَلَى نَاقَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنْ نَجَّاهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا لَتَنْحَرَنَّهَا»، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، وَأَخَذَ نَاقَتَهُ وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهَا بِأَنْ تَنْحَرَ مِثْلَهَا، وَلَا تُكَفِّرَ ⦗١٩٧⦘\n\n١٩٦٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِذَلِكَ نَقُولُ: إِنَّ مَنْ نَذَرَ تَبَرُّرًا أَنْ يَنْحَرَ مَالَ غَيْرِهِ فَهَذَا نَذَرَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ فَالنَّذْرُ سَاقِطٌ عَنْهُ","vol":"14","page":196},{"text":"١٩٦٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِأَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ فِي الشَّمْسِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا لَهُ؟»، فَقَالُوا: نَذَرَ أَنْ لَا يَسْتَظِلَّ، وَلَا يَقْعُدَ، وَلَا يُكَلِّمَ أَحَدًا، أَوْ يَصُومَ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَسْتَظِلَّ، وَيَقْعُدَ، وَأَنْ يُكَلِّمَ النَّاسَ، وَيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِكَفَّارَةٍ\n\n١٩٦٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ","vol":"14","page":197},{"text":"١٩٦٣٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَى أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ إِذَا هُوَ بِرَجُلٍ قَائِمٍ فِي الشَّمْسَ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ، فَقَالُوا: هَذَا أَبُو إِسْرَائِيلَ، نَذَرَ أَنْ يَقُومَ وَلَا يَقْعُدَ، وَلَا يَسْتَظِلَّ، وَلَا يَتَكَلَّمَ وَيَصُومَ وَلَا يُفْطِرَ، فَقَالَ: «مُرُوهُ فَلْيَتَكَلَّمْ، وَلْيَسْتَظِلَّ، وَلْيَقْعُدْ، وَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، فَذَكَرَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n١٩٦٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ فِي رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ نَفْسَهُ؟ فَقَالَ ⦗١٩٨⦘: يَذْبَحُ كَبْشًا، وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ فِي رَجُلٍ آخَرَ: يَنْحَرُ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَاحْتَجَّا مَعًا فِيهِ بِشَيْءٍ رُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ،\n\n١٩٦٤٠ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ الْكَلَامُ فِي حَجَّتِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنْ قَالَ: فَأَجْعَلُهُ أَصْلًا الْقَوْلَ الَّذِي قَالَهُ، قِيلَ لَهُ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ -: فَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ قَوْلُهُ فِيهِ، فَأَيُّهَا الْأَصْلُ؟ وَالسُّنَّةُ مَوْجُودَةٌ بِإِبْطَالِهِ وَلَا حُجَّةَ مَعَ السُّنَّةِ\n\n١٩٦٤١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا كَمَا قَالَ","vol":"14","page":197},{"text":"١٩٦٤٢ - فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١] حَسَنَةٌ فَأَفْتَاهُ بِكَبْشٍ\n\n١٩٦٤٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، فِيمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ ابْنَهُ، وَرِوَايَةُ الثَّوْرِيِّ أَصَحُّ\n\n١٩٦٤٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ النَّصَارِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، فِيمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ نَفْسَهُ،\n\n١٩٦٤٥ - وَرَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ نَفْسَهُ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ ابْنَهُ قَالَ: يَذْبَحُ كَبْشًا ⦗١٩٩⦘\n\n١٩٦٤٦ - وَرَوَاهُ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي امْرَأَةٍ نَذَرَتْ أَنْ تَنْحَرَ ابْنَهَا قَالَ: «لَا تَنْحَرِي ابْنَكِ، وَكَفِّرِي عَنْ يَمِينِكِ»","vol":"14","page":198},{"text":"١٩٦٤٧ - وَرَوَاهُ كُرَيْبٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَنْحَرَ نَفْسِي، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: «أَتَجِدُ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَاذْهَبْ فَانْحَرْ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ ثَلَاثًا لَا يَفْسَدُ اللَّحْمُ» أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ يَعْنِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٦٤٨ - وَاخْتِلَافُ فَتَاوِيهِ فِي هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُهَا عَلَى رَأْيِهِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ عُرِفَ فِيهِ تَوْقِيفٌ لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ قَوْلُهُ فِيهِ","vol":"14","page":199},{"text":"١٩٦٤٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ، وَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ»، \"\n\n١٩٦٥٠ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ مِنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ⦗٢٠٠⦘،\n\n١٩٦٥١ - وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْأَرْقَمِ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَالْحَدِيثُ عِنْدَ غَيْرِهِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ الْحَنْظَلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ\n\n١٩٦٥٢ - كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ فِيَ حَدِيثِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ: «لَا نَذْرَ فِي غَضَبٍ وَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ»\n\n١٩٦٥٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَقَالَ: «لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ»","vol":"14","page":199},{"text":"١٩٦٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عِمْرَانَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصَلِّي فِي مَسْجِدِ قَوْمِهِ، فَقَالَ عِمْرَانُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، وَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ»،\n\n١٩٦٥٥ - وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ أَبَاهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ عِمْرَانَ،\n\n١٩٦٥٦ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَحِبَهُ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ","vol":"14","page":200},{"text":"١٩٦٥٧ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ:  «لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ أَوْ فِي غَضَبٍ»\n\n١٩٦٥٨ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَلَا تَقُومُ الْحُجَّةُ بِأَمْثَالِ ذَلِكَ،\n\n١٩٦٥٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٢٠١⦘ الزُّبَيْرِ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ\n\n١٩٦٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ حَمَّادٍ، يَذْكُرُهُ عَنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ","vol":"14","page":200},{"text":"١٩٦٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ هَيَّاجِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْبُرْجُمِيِّ، أَنَّ غُلَامًا لِأَبِيهِ أَبِقَ فَجَعَلَ لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ قَدِرَ عَلَيْهِ لَيَقْطَعَنَّ يَدَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِرَ عَلَيْهِ، بَعَثَنِي إِلَى عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «يَحُثُّ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ، وَنَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ»، فَقُلْ لِأَبِيكَ، فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَلْيَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْ غُلَامِهِ\n\n١٩٦٦٢ - قَالَ: وَبَعَثَنِي إِلَى سَمُرَةَ، فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ الْعَوْفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n١٩٦٦٣ - هَذَا أَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ،\n\n١٩٦٦٤ - وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ الْحَسَنُ، فَقِيلَ هَكَذَا، وَقِيلَ: حَيَّانُ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ الْبُرْجُمِيُّ، وَالْأَمْرُ بِالتَّكْفِيرِ فِيهِ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى عِمْرَانَ وَسُمْرَةَ\n\n١٩٦٦٥ - وَالَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا: «مَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ، وَمَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا لَمْ يُطِقْهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ»، لَمْ يَثْبُتْ رَفْعُهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗٢٠٢⦘\n\n١٩٦٦٦ - وَحَكَيْنَا عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَوْلًا آخَرَ: مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ مَعْصِيَةً فَلَا يَفْعَلْهَا، وَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ، كَمَا لَوْ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَأَقْتُلَنَّ فُلَانًا فَلَا يَقْتُلْهُ وَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ،\n\n١٩٦٦٧ - قُلْتُ: وَهَذَا قَوْلٌ يُوَافِقُ هَذِهِ الْآثَارَ","vol":"14","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1347>بَابُ النُّذُورِ</span>","vol":"14","page":203},{"text":"١٩٦٦٨ - رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَزِيدُ أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: «إِنَّ النَّذْرَ لَا يَأْتِي عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ شَيْئًا لَمْ أُقَدِّرْهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ أَسْتَخْرِجُ بِهِ مِنَ الْبَخِيلِ، يُؤْتِيَنِي عَلَيْهِ مَا لَا يُؤْتِينِي عَلَى الْبُخْلِ» ⦗٢٠٤⦘، هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"14","page":203},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1348>مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ ﷿</span>","vol":"14","page":205},{"text":"١٩٦٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «وَمَنْ نَذَرَ تَبَرُّرًا أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ لَزِمَهُ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِنْ قَدِرَ عَلَى الْمَشْيِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ رَكِبَ وَأَهْرَاقَ دَمًا احْتِيَاطًا لَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِمَا نَذَرَ كَمَا نَذَرَ»\n\n١٩٦٧٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا نَذَرَ الْإِنْسَانُ عَلَى مَشْيٍ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، فَهَذَا نَذْرٌ، فَلْيَمْشِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ»","vol":"14","page":205},{"text":"١٩٦٧١ - وَأَمَّا الرُّكُوبُ عِنْدَ الْعَجْزِ فَلَمَّا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَهْرَوَيْهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: مَرَّ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ يَتَهَادَى بَيْنَ ابْنَيْهِ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: «مَا بَالُ هَذَا؟»، قَالُوا: نَذَرَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ عَنْ تَعْذِيبِ هَذَا نَفْسَهُ لَغَنِيٌّ»، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ، فَرَكِبَ ⦗٢٠٦⦘، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حُمَيْدٍ،\n\n١٩٦٧٢ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ","vol":"14","page":205},{"text":"١٩٦٧٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا الْخَيْرِ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: نَذَرَتْ أُخْتِي أَنْ تَمْشِيَ، إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ فَأَمَرَتْنِي أَنْ أَسْتَفْتِيَ لَهَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَاسْتَفْتَيْتُ لَهَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «لِتَمْشِ وَلْتَرْكَبْ»\n\n١٩٦٧٤ - قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَبُو الْخَيْرِ لَا يُفَارِقُ عُقْبَةَ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ رَوْحٍ\n\n١٩٦٧٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ لَيْسَ فِيهَا ذِكْرُ الْهَدْيِ","vol":"14","page":206},{"text":"١٩٦٧٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى مَطَرٌ الْوَرَّاقُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ أُخْتَ عُقْبَةَ نَذَرَتْ أَنْ تَحُجَّ مَاشِيَةً، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ مَشْيِ أُخْتِكِ ⦗٢٠٧⦘، فَلْتَرْكَبْ، وَلْتُهْدِ بَدَنَةً» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَهَذَا رَوَاهُ هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنٍ، عَنْهُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ،\n\n١٩٦٧٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «وَتُهْدِي هَدْيًا»،\n\n١٩٦٧٨ - وَخَالَفَهُ هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، فَرَوَيَاهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْهَدْيِ فِيهِ، وَأَرْسَلَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ،\n\n١٩٦٧٩ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْهَدْيِ فِيهِ،\n\n١٩٦٨٠ - وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، دُونَ ذِكْرِ الْهَدْيِ فِيهِ،\n\n١٩٦٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ شَرِيكٌ الْقَاضِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَوْلَى آلِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: لِتَحُجَّ رَاكِبَةً وَتُكَفِّرْ يَمِينَهَا ⦗٢٠٨⦘،\n\n١٩٦٨٢ - وَهَذَا مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ شَرِيكٌ،\n\n١٩٦٨٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ حُيَيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَعَافِرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي حُيَيٍّ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُبُلِيُّ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ","vol":"14","page":206},{"text":"١٩٦٨٤ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَحْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الرُّعَيْنِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ قَالَ: نَذَرَتْ أُخْتِي أَنْ تَحُجَّ لِلَّهِ مَاشِيَةً غَيْرَ مُخْتَمِرَةٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مُرْ أُخْتَكَ فَلْتَخْتَمِرْ، وَلْتَرْكَبْ، وَلْتَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ»،\n\n١٩٦٨٥ - وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ يَحْيَى، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ\n\n١٩٦٨٦ - قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ: لَا يَصِحُّ فِيهِ الْهَدْيُ يَعْنِي: فِي حَدِيثِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ\n\n١٩٦٨٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِيمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ مَاشِيًا «فَلْيُهْدِ هَدْيًا، وَلْيَرْكَبْ»،\n\n١٩٦٨٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: فَلْيُهْدِ بَدَنَةً وَلْيَرْكَبْ","vol":"14","page":208},{"text":"١٩٦٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَكِلَاهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَمَوْقُوفٌ،\n١٩٦٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَجْعَلُ عَلَيْهِ الْمَشْيَ قَالَ: «يَمْشِي، فَإِنْ عَجَزَ رَكِبَ، وَأَهْدَى بَدَنَةً» ⦗٢٠٩⦘\n\n١٩٦٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: يَمْشِي إِنْ أَحَبَّ وَكَانَ مُطِيعًا، وَإِلَّا رَكِبَ وَأَهْدَى شَاةً، وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ: لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ وَهُوَ يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ بِحَالٍ، وَإِنْ عَجَزَ رَكِبَ وَأَهْدَى، فَإِذَا صَحَّ مَشَى الَّذِي رَكِبَ، وَرَكِبَ الَّذِي مَشَى، حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ بِهِ كَمَا نَذَرَهُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى مَا","vol":"14","page":208},{"text":"١٩٦٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ جَدَّةٍ لِي عَلَيْهَا مَشْيٌ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتْ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ عَجَزَتْ، فَسَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: «مُرْهَا فَلْتَرْكَبْ، ثُمَّ لِتَمْشِ مِنْ حَيْثُ عَجَزَتْ»\n\n١٩٦٩٣ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَعَلَيْهَا هَدْيٌ","vol":"14","page":209},{"text":"١٩٦٩٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" كَانَ عَلَيَّ مَشْيٌ فَأَصَابَتْنِي خَاصِرَةٌ فَرَكِبْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ مَكَّةَ، فَسَأَلْتُ عَطَاءَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ وَغَيْرَهُ، فَقَالُوا: عَلَيْكَ هَدْيٌ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ سَأَلْتُ؟ فَأَمَرُونِي أَنْ أَمْشِيَ مِنْ حَيْثُ عَجَزْتُ، فَمَشَيْتُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى \"\n\n١٩٦٩٥ - وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ إِلْزَامًا لِأَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ فِيمَا تَرَكُوا مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي إِيجَابِ الْهَدْيِ، وَلَمْ يَرْوُوا عَنْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَمَرُوهَا بِهَدْيٍ، وَفِيمَا تَرَكُوا مِنْ قَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ وَغَيْرِهِ فِي إِيجَابِ الْهَدْيِ، وَهُمْ أَمَرُوهُ بِهَدْيٍ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرُوهُ بِمَشْيٍ\n\n١٩٦٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَيَنْحَرُ بَدَنَةً ⦗٢١٠⦘،\n\n١٩٦٩٧ - وَالصَّحِيحُ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَأَوْلَاهُ بِالسُّنَّةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ مَا حَكَيْنَاهُ عَنْهُ فِي أَوَّلِ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٦٩٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَمْشِي مِنْ مِيقَاتِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ نَوَى مَكَانًا حَتَّى يَصْدُرَ،\n\n١٩٦٩٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ دُونَ الِانْتِهَاءِ","vol":"14","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1349>نَذْرُ الْمَشْيِ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَوْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ</span>","vol":"14","page":211},{"text":"١٩٧٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لَوْ نَذَرَ الْمَشْيَ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ، وَإِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا تُشَدُّ الرِّحَالُ إِلَّا إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدٍ: إِلَى مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، وَمَسْجِدِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ \"","vol":"14","page":211},{"text":"١٩٧٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" لَا تُشَدُّ الرِّحَالُ إِلَّا إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدٍ: الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَمَسْجِدِي هَذَا، وَمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى \"،\n\n١٩٧٠٢ - أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ يَقُولُ: أَكْثَرُ مَا نُحَدِّثُ بِهِ: «تُشَدُّ الرِّحَالُ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدٍ» ⦗٢١٢⦘\n\n١٩٧٠٣ - وَرَوَاهُ قَزَعَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ الْأَوَّلِ\n\n١٩٧٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَبِينُ لِي أَنْ يَجِبَ الْمَشْيُ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمَسْجِدِ بَيْتِ الْقُدُسِ، كَمَا يَبِينُ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ، وَذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الْبِرَّ بِإِتْيَانِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ فَرْضٌ وَالْبِرُّ بِإِتْيَانِ هَذَيْنِ نَافِلَةٌ،\n\n١٩٧٠٥ - وَأَقَامَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ الْأَفْضَلَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسَاجِدِ مَقَامَ مَا هُوَ أَدْنَى مِنْهُ","vol":"14","page":211},{"text":"١٩٧٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بَكَّارُ بْنُ الْخَصِيبِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبُ بْنُ الشَّهِيدِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، ح،\n\n١٩٧٠٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَبِيبٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ زَمَنَ الْفَتْحِ إِنْ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَقَالَ: «صَلِّ هَاهُنَا»، فَأَعَادَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ، أَوْ قَالَ ثَلَاثًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَشَأْنَكَ إِذًا»،\n\n١٩٧٠٨ - هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الشَّهِيدِ وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْمُعَلِّمِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَامَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلَّهِ إِنْ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مَكَّةَ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ ⦗٢١٣⦘\n\n١٩٧٠٩ - قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ مَرَّةً: «رَكْعَتَيْنِ»\n\n١٩٧١٠ - قَالَ: «صَلِّ هَاهُنَا» ثُمَّ أَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «صَلِّ هَاهُنَا»، ثُمَّ أَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: «فَشَأْنَكَ إِذًا»\n\n١٩٧١١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ لِامْرَأَةٍ نَذَرَتْ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ: صَلِّي فِي مَسْجِدِ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «صَلَاةٌ فِيهِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ أَلْفِ صَلَاةٍ فِيمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الْمَسَاجِدِ إِلَّا مَسْجِدَ الْكَعْبَةِ»","vol":"14","page":212},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1350>نَذْرُ النَّحْرِ بِمَوْضِعٍ</span>","vol":"14","page":214},{"text":"١٩٧١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ بِمَكَّةَ لَمْ يُجْزِئْهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَنْحَرَ بِمَكَّةَ، فَإِنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ بِغَيْرِهَا لِيَتَصَدَّقَ لَمْ يُجْزِئْهُ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ إِلَّا حَيْثُ نَذَرَ»، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٩٧١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ قَالَ: نَذَرَ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ إِبِلًا بِبُوَانَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَلْ كَانَ فِيهَا وَثَنٌ مِنْ أَوْثَانِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يُعْبَدُ؟»، قَالُوا: لَا قَالَ: «فَهَلْ كَانَ فِيهَا عِيدٌ مِنْ أَعْيَادِهِمْ؟» قَالُوا: لَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ»،\n\n١٩٧١٤ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مُخْتَصَرًا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،\n\n١٩٧١٥ - وَرَوَتْهُ مَيْمُونَةُ بِنْتُ كَرْدَمٍ أَنَّ أَبَاهَا قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَذْبَحَ عِدَّةً مِنَ الْغَنَمِ عَلَى رَأْسِ بُوَانَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْعِيدَ","vol":"14","page":214},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1351>مَنْ نَذَرَ صَوْمَ يَوْمٍ فَوَافَقَ يَوْمَ فِطْرٍ أَوْ أَضْحَى</span>","vol":"14","page":215},{"text":"١٩٧١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَإِذَا قَالَ: «لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ أَنْ أَصُومَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي يَقْدُمُ فِيهِ فُلَانٌ، فَقَدِمَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ أَوِ النَّحْرِ أَوِ التَّشْرِيقِ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، وَلَا عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي صَوْمِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ طَاعَةٌ، فَلَا قَضَاءَ لِمَا لَا طَاعَةَ فِيهِ»","vol":"14","page":215},{"text":"١٩٧١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَكِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي حُرَّةَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَسْأَلُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أَنْ لَا يَأْتِيَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمٌ سَمَّاهُ إِلَّا وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فِيهِ، فَوَافَقَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ أَضْحَى أَوْ يَوْمَ فِطْرٍ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١]، لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى، وَلَا يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ، وَلَا يَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِهِمَا \"، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيِّ\n\n١٩٧١٨ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ زِيَادِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: قَدْ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِوَفَاءِ النَّذْرِ، وَنُهِينَا أَنْ نَصُومَ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ⦗٢١٦⦘،\n\n١٩٧١٩ - فَكَأَنَّهُ عَلَّقَ فِيهِ الْقَوْلَ، وَقَدْ قَطَعَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى بِأَنَّهُ لَا يَصُومُهُ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُ بِالْقَضَاءِ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ فِي الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا أَنَّ نَذْرَهُ صَادَفَ يَوْمًا لَا يَجُوزُ صَوْمُهُ، وَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ»، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ فِيهِ بِكَفَّارَةٍ أَوْ قَضَاءٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":215},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1352>٤١ - كِتَابُ أَدَبِ الْقَاضِي</span>","vol":"14","page":219},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1353>أَدَبُ الْقَاضِي</span>\n١٩٧٢٠ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ﴾ [النساء: ٥٨]،\n\n١٩٧٢١ - وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعُمَّالَ وَالْقُضَاةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْخُلَفَاءَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ","vol":"14","page":219},{"text":"١٩٧٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ قَيْسَ بْنَ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" لَا حَسَدَ إِلَّا فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ: رَجُلٌ أَتَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالًا فَسَلَّطَهُ عَلَى هَلَكَتِهِ فِي الْحَقِّ، وَرَجُلٌ أَتَاهُ اللَّهُ حِكْمَةً فَهُوَ يَقْضِي بِهَا وَيُعَلِّمُهَا \"،\n\n١٩٧٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ\n\n١٩٧٢٤ - وَهَذَا فِيمَنْ قَوِيَ عَلَى الْقِيَامِ بِوَاجِبَاتِ الْقَضَاءِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ يَضْعُفُ عَنْهُ، أَوْ رُئِيَ أَنَّهُ يَعْجَزُ عَنْهُ، فَقَدْ قَالَ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ: «يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، أُحِبُّ لَكَ مَا أُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِي، إِنِّي أَرَاكَ ضَعِيفًا فَلَا تَأَمَّرَنَّ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ، وَلَا تَوَلَّيَنَّ مَالَ يَتِيمٍ»\n\n١٩٧٢٥ - وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، إِنَّكَ ضَعِيفٌ وَإِنَّهَا أَمَانَةٌ، وَإِنَّهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ خِزْيٌ وَنَدَامَةٌ، إِلَّا مَنْ أَخَذَهَا بِحَقِّهَا وَأَدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا»","vol":"14","page":220},{"text":"١٩٧٢٦ - وَفِي مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ وَرَدَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَسْمَرْدُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ الْأَخْنَسِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ جُعِلَ عَلَى الْقَضَاءِ فَكَأَنَّمَا ذُبِحَ بِغَيْرِ سِكِّينٍ»،\n\n١٩٧٢٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ فِي الْجَامِعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَخْنَسِيِّ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:. . . . بِمَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٩٧٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْخَطَرِ، وَلِأَجْلِ ذَلِكَ كَرِهَ مَنْ كَرِهَ التَّسَارُعَ إِلَى طَلَبِهِ","vol":"14","page":221},{"text":"١٩٧٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ طَلَبَ الْقَضَاءَ وَاسْتَعَانَ عَلَيْهِ وُكِلَ إِلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَطْلُبْهُ وَلَمْ يَسْتَعِنْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ مَلَكًا يُسَدِّدُهُ» ⦗٢٢٢⦘\n\n١٩٧٣٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ التَّسَرُّعَ إِلَى الْحُكْمِ\n\n١٩٧٣١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، مَرْفُوعًا: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ مَعَ الْقَاضِي مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ، فَإِذَا جَارَ وَكَلَهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ»","vol":"14","page":221},{"text":"١٩٧٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ السَّمْتِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" الْقُضَاةُ ثَلَاثَةٌ: وَاحِدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَاثْنَانِ فِي النَّارِ: فَأَمَّا الَّذِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَرَجُلٌ عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ فَقَضَى بِهِ، وَرَجُلٌ عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ فَجَارَ فِي الْحُكْمِ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ، وَرَجُلٌ قَضَى لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى جَهْلٍ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ \"","vol":"14","page":222},{"text":"١٩٧٣٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسٍ حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ قَالَ:  «أُحِبُّ لِلْقَاضِي أَنْ يَقْضِيَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ بَارِزٍ لِلنَّاسِ لَا يَكُونُ دُونَهُ حِجَابٌ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ مُتَوَسِّطَ الْمِصْرِ، وَأَنْ لَا يَكُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ لِكَثْرَةِ مَنْ يَغْشَاهُ لِغَيْرِ مَا بُنِيَتْ لَهُ الْمَسَاجِدُ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَرْفَقِ الْأَمَاكِنِ بِهِ وَأَحْرَزِهَا أَنْ لَا تُسْرِعَ مِلَالَتُهُ فِيهِ، وَإِذَا كَرِهْتُ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ كُنْتُ لِأَنْ يُقِيمَ الْحَدَّ ⦗٢٢٣⦘ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْ يُعَزِّرَ أَكْرَهَ»\n\n١٩٧٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ الْأَسَدِيِّ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ وَلَّاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِ شَيْئًا فَاحْتَجَبَ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِمْ وَخَلَّتِهِمْ وَفَاقَتِهِمُ احْتَجَبَ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ وَخَلَّتِهِ وَفَاقَتِهِ»\n\n١٩٧٣٥ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" مَنْ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَنْشُدُ ضَالَّةً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَلْيَقُلْ: لَا أَدَّاهَا اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ، فَإِنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ لَمْ تُبْنَ لِهَذَا \"،\n\n١٩٧٣٦ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَسَاجِدَ لَمْ تُتَّخَذْ لِهَذَا الْقَذَرِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَالصَّلَاةِ وَقِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ»\n\n١٩٧٣٧ - وَرُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ، «جَنِّبُوا مَسَاجِدَكُمْ صِبْيَانَكُمْ، وَمَجَانِينَكُمْ، وَخُصُومَاتِكُمْ، وَرَفْعَ أَصْوَاتِكُمْ، وَسَلَّ سُيُوفِكُمْ، وَإِقَامَةَ حُدُودِكُمْ، وَاجْمُرُوهَا فِي الْجُمَعِ، وَاتَّخِذُوا عَلَى أَبْوَابِ مَسَاجِدِكُمْ مَطَاهِرَ»","vol":"14","page":222},{"text":"١٩٧٣٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا صَدَقَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنْ زُفَرَ بْنِ وَثِيمَةَ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ: \" نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْ يُسْتَقَادَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَأَنْ تُنْشَدَ فِيهِ الْأَشْعَارُ، وَأَنْ تُقَامَ فِيهِ الْحُدُودُ \"\n\n١٩٧٣٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: «أَنْ لَا تَقْضِيَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِيكَ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيُّ وَالْحَائِضُ»","vol":"14","page":224},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1354>التَّثَبُّتُ فِي الْحُكْمِ</span>\n١٩٧٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا﴾ [الحجرات: ٦] الْآيَةَ\n\n١٩٧٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَمَرَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يُمْضِي أَمَرَهُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُتَثَبِّتًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُمْضِيَهُ،\n\n١٩٧٤٢ - ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْحُكْمِ خَاصَّةً أَنْ لَا يَحْكُمَ الْحَاكِمُ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْغَضْبَانَ مَخُوفٌ عَلَى أَمْرَيْنِ: (أَحَدُهُمَا): قِلَّةُ التَّثَبُّتِ، (وَالْآخَرُ): أَنَّ الْغَضَبَ قَدْ يَتَغَيَّرُ مَعَهُ الْعَقْلُ، وَيَتَقَدَّمُ بِهِ صَاحِبُهُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَتَقَدَّمُ عَلَيْهِ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ غَضِبَ","vol":"14","page":225},{"text":"١٩٧٤٣ - وَذَكَرَ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ⦗٢٢٦⦘: «لَا يَحْكُمُ الْحَاكِمُ، أَوْ لَا يَقْضِي الْقَاضِي بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ»،\n\n١٩٧٤٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَقْضِي الْقَاضِي بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ»، وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ","vol":"14","page":225},{"text":"١٩٧٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ هُوَ ابْنُ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلِّمْنِي كَلِمَاتٍ أَعِيشُ بِهِنَّ، وَلَا تُكْثِرْ عَلَيَّ فَأَنْسَى، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَغْضَبْ»\n\n١٩٧٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n١٩٧٤٧ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ،\n\n١٩٧٤٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٢٧⦘\n\n١٩٧٤٩ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ\n\n١٩٧٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ وَكَانَ قَاضِيًا، أَنَّهُ رُئِيَ يَأْكُلُ خُبْزًا بِجُبْنٍ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: آخُذُ حِلْمِي\n\n١٩٧٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنَّ الطَّعَامَ يُسْكِنُ حَرَّ الطَّبِيعَةِ، وَأَنَّ الْجُوعَ يُحَرِّكُ حَرَّهَا، وَتَتُوقُ النَّفْسُ إِلَى الْمَأْكَلِ، فَيُشْغَلُ عَنِ الْحُكْمِ","vol":"14","page":226},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1355>مُشَاوَرَةِ الْقَاضِي</span>\n١٩٧٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٥٩]","vol":"14","page":228},{"text":"١٩٧٥٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ:  «مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا أَكْثَرَ مُشَاوَرَةً لِأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»\n\n١٩٧٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ: ﴿وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَى بَيْنَهُمْ﴾ [الشورى: ٣٨]\n\n١٩٧٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: إِنْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ مُشَاوَرَتِهِمِ لَغَنِيًّا، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَنَّ بِذَلِكَ الْحُكَّامُ بَعْدَهُ","vol":"14","page":228},{"text":"١٩٧٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا لُوَيْنٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَيْ \" ﴿وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٥٩] قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَلَكِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَسْتَنَّ بِهِ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ \" ⦗٢٢٩⦘\n\n١٩٧٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَإِنَّمَا أُمِرَ بِهِ - بِالْمَشُورَةِ - لِأَنَّ الْمُشِيرَ يُنَبِّهُهُ لِمَا يَغْفُلُ عَنْهُ وَيَدُلُّهُ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى مَا لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَجْهَلَهَ، فَأَمَّا أَنْ يُقَلِّدَ مُسْتَنِيرًا، فَلَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ هَذَا لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ»","vol":"14","page":228},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1356>اجْتِهَادُ الْحَاكِمِ</span>","vol":"14","page":230},{"text":"١٩٧٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: \" ﴿وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا ⦗٢٣١⦘ سُلَيْمَانَ وَكُلًّا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا﴾\n١٩٧٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ: لَوْلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ لَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّ الْحُكَّامَ قَدْ هَلَكُوا، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ حَمِدَ هَذَا بِصَوَابِهِ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَى هَذَا بِاجْتِهَادِهِ","vol":"14","page":230},{"text":"١٩٧٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا حَكَمَ الْحَاكِمُ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ، وَإِذَا حَكَمَ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ»،\n\n١٩٧٦١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنَ الْهَادِ قَالَ: فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ قَالَ: هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ","vol":"14","page":231},{"text":"١٩٧٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ ⦗٢٣٢⦘ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي \" الْمُجْتَهِدِينَ إِذَا اخْتَلَفُوا وَكَانُوا مِمَّنْ لَهُ الِاجْتِهَادُ، وَذَهَبُوا مَذْهَبًا مُحْتَمَلًا: لَا يَجُوزُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُ قَالَ: أَخْطَأَ مُطْلَقًا، وَلَكِنْ يُقَالُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ: قَدْ أَطَاعَ فِيمَا كُلِّفَ وَأَصَابَ فِيهِ، وَلَمْ يُكَلَّفْ عِلْمَ الْغَيْبِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَطَّلِعْ عَلَيْهِ، وَجَعَلَ مِثَالَ ذَلِكَ الْقِبْلَةَ إِذَا اجْتَهَدُوا فِيهَا، فَاخْتَلَفُوا \"، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ،\n\n١٩٧٦٣ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَيَلْزَمُ أَحَدَهُمَا اسْمُ الْخَطَأِ قِيلَ أَمَّا فِيمَا كُلِّفَ فَلَا، وَأَمَّا خَطَأُ عَيْنِ الْبَيْتِ فَنَعَمْ؛ لِأَنَّ الْبَيْتَ لَا يَكُونُ فِي جِهَتَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَيَكُونُ مُطِيعًا بِالْخَطَأِ، قِيلَ هَذِهِ مَسْأَلَةُ جَاهِلٍ يَكُونُ مُطِيعًا بِالصَّوَابِ لِمَا كُلِّفَ مِنَ الِاجْتِهَادِ، وَغَيْرُ آثِمٍ بِالْخَطَأِ إِذَا لَمْ يُكَلَّفْ صَوَابَهُ لِمَغِيبِ الْعَيْنِ عَنْهُ،\n\n١٩٧٦٤ - وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ الِاجْتِهَادِ: «إِذَا اجْتَهَدَ»، فَجَمَعَ الصَّوَابَ بِالِاجْتِهَادِ، وَصَوَابُ الْعَيْنِ الَّتِي اجْتَهَدَ كَانَتْ لَهُ حَسَنَتَانِ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَ بِالِاجْتِهَادِ وَأَخْطَأَ الْعَيْنَ الَّتِي أُمِرَ أَنْ يَجْتَهِدَ فِي طَلَبِهَا كَانَتْ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ، وَلَا يُثَابُ مَنْ يُؤَدِّي فِي أَنْ يُخْطِئَ الْعَيْنَ، وَمَنْ يُؤَدِّي فَيُخْطِئُ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ عَنْهُ، وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُكَلَّفْ صَوَابَ الْعَيْنِ فِي حَالٍ\n\n١٩٧٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَنْ حَكَمَ أَوْ أَفْتَى بِخَبَرٍ لَازِمٍ أَوْ قَاسَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَدْ أَتَى مَا كُلِّفَ، وَحَكَمَ وَأَفْتَى مِنْ حَيْثُ أُمِرَ، فَكَانَ فِي النَّصِّ مُؤَدِّيًا مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ نَصًّا، وَفِي الْقِيَاسِ مُؤَدِّيًا مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ اجْتِهَادًا، وَكَانَ مُطِيعًا لِلَّهِ فِي الْأَمْرَيْنِ، ثُمَّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَهُمْ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ رَسُولِهِ، ثُمَّ الِاجْتِهَادِ، فَيُرْوَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِمُعَاذٍ: «بِمَ تَقْضِي؟» قَالَ: بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: «فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ؟» قَالَ: فَبِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ؟» قَالَ: أَجْتَهِدُ قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِهِ» ⦗٢٣٣⦘\n\n١٩٧٦٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنِ اسْتَجَازَ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ أَوْ يُفْتِيَ بِلَا خَبَرٍ لَازِمٍ وَلَا قِيَاسٍ عَلَيْهِ كَانَ مَحْجُوجًا، فَإِنَّ مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: أَفْعَلُ مَا هَوَيْتُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ أُومَرْ بِهِ. وَقَدْ قَضَى اللَّهُ ﷿ بِخِلَافِ مَا قَالَ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ أَحَدًا إِلَّا مُتَعَبِّدًا\n\n١٩٧٦٧ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ سُدًى﴾ [القيامة: ٣٦]، فَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ فِيمَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ السُّدَى: الَّذِي لَا يُؤْمَرُ وَلَا يُنْهَى\n\n١٩٧٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ،\n\n١٩٧٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"14","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1357>إِذَا اجْتَهَدَ الْحَاكِمُ، ثُمَّ رَأَى أَنَّ اجْتِهَادَهُ خَالَفَ كِتَابًا، أَوْ سُنَّةً، أَوْ إِجْمَاعًا، أَوْ شَيْئًا فِي مَعْنَى هَذَا</span>","vol":"14","page":234},{"text":"١٩٧٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رَدَّهُ، وَلَا يَسَعُهُ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٩٧٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي. . . فَذَكَرَهُ مِثْلَهُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ\n\n١٩٧٧٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ كَانَ مِمَّا يَحْتَمِلُ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ غَيْرَهُ لَمْ يَرُدَّهُ. . . .، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ\n\n١٩٧٧٣ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْمُشْرِكَةِ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَشْرَكَ ⦗٢٣٥⦘ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فِي الثُّلُثِ قِيلَ لَهُ: لَقَدْ قَضَيْتَ عَامَ أَوَّلَ بِغَيْرِ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: «تِلْكَ عَلَى مَا قَضَيْنَا، وَهَذِهِ عَلَى مَا قَضَيْنَا»،\n\n١٩٧٧٤ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ","vol":"14","page":234},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1358>الْمَسْأَلَةُ عَنِ الشُّهُودِ</span>\n١٩٧٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ كَيْفِيَّةِ مَسْأَلَةِ الْقَاضِي عَنْ أَحْوَالِ الشُّهُودِ: وَلَا يُقْبَلُ الْجَرْحُ إِلَّا بِالشَّهَادَةِ مِنَ الْجَارِحِ عَلَى الْمَجْرُوحِ وَبِالسَّمَاعِ أَوِ الْعِيَانِ،\n\n١٩٧٧٦ - وَأَكْثَرُ مَنْ نُسِبَ إِلَى أَنْ تَجُوزَ شَهَادَتُهُ نَفْيًا حَتَّى يَعْدُوَ الْيَسِيرَ الَّذِي لَا يَكُونُ جَرْحًا جَرَحَهُ،\n\n١٩٧٧٧ - وَحَكَى فِيهِ حِكَايَةَ الرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحِ الَّذِي جَرَحَ رَجُلًا بِأَنْ رَآهُ بَالَ قَائِمًا\n\n١٩٧٧٨ - قَالَ: وَلَا يُقْبَلُ التَّعْدِيلُ إِلَّا بِأَنْ يُوقَفَ الْمُعَدَّلُ عَلَيْهِ فَيَقُولُ: عَدِّلْ عَلَيَّ وَلِي، ثُمَّ لَا يُقْبَلُ ذَلِكَ هَكَذَا حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ مَعْرِفَتِهِ بِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَعْرِفَتُهُ بَاطِنَةً مُتَقَادِمَةً قُبِلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ حَادِثَةً ظَاهِرَةً لَمْ يُقْبَلْ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ\n\n١٩٧٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَجُلٌ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ يَعْرِفُهُ؟»، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ بِوَجْهِهِ، وَلَا أَعْرِفُهُ بِاسْمِهِ قَالَ ⦗٢٣٧⦘: «لَيْسَتْ تِلْكَ مَعْرِفَةً»","vol":"14","page":236},{"text":"١٩٧٨٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ، عَنْ خَرَشَةَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ قَالَ: شَهِدَ رَجُلٌ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ شَهَادَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «لَسْتُ أَعْرِفُكَ، وَلَا يَضُرُّكَ أَنْ لَا أَعْرِفَكَ، ائْتَ بِمَنْ يَعْرِفُكَ»، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: أَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ قَالَ: «بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَعْرِفُهُ؟» قَالَ: بِالْعَدَالَةِ وَالْفَضْلِ قَالَ: «فَهُوَ جَارُكَ الْأَدْنَى الَّذِي تَعْرِفُ لَيْلَهُ وَنَهَارَهُ، وَمَدْخَلَهُ وَمَخْرَجَهُ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَمُعَامِلُكَ بِالدِّينَارِ وَالدِّرْهَمِ اللَّذَيْنِ بِهِمَا يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَى الْوَرَعِ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَرَفِيقُكَ فِي السَّفَرِ الَّذِي يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى مَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَلَسْتَ تَعْرِفُهُ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ: «ائْتَ بِمَنْ يَعْرِفُكَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّرَيْجِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ. . . .، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":237},{"text":"١٩٧٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ حُجْرِ بْنِ عَنْبَسٍ قَالَ: \" شَهِدَ رَجُلَانِ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَى رَجُلٍ، فَقَالَ السَّارِقُ: لَوْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَيًّا أُنْزِلَ عُذْرِي مِنَ السَّمَاءٍ، فَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ فَصُرِفُوا حَتَّى اخْتَلَطُوا، ثُمَّ دَعَا الشَّاهِدَيْنِ فَلَمْ يَأْتِيَا فَدَرَأَ الْحَدَّ \"\n\n١٩٧٨٢ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"14","page":237},{"text":"١٩٧٨٣ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَرِيفٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَلِيٌّ ⦗٢٣٨⦘ بَيْتَ الْمَالِ فَأَضْرَطَ بِهِ وَقَالَ: «لَا أُمْسِي وَفِيكَ دِرْهَمٌ»، فَأَمَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ، فَقَسَمَهُ إِلَى اللَّيْلٍ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: لَوْ عَوَّضْتَهُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ سُحْتٌ»\n\n١٩٧٨٤ - وَهَذَا أَيْضًا أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَهُمْ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ،\n\n١٩٧٨٥ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ: مُوسَى بْنُ طَرِيفٍ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ،\n\n١٩٧٨٦ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ\n\n١٩٧٨٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا نَرَى عَلِيًّا يُعْطِي شَيْئًا يَرَاهُ سُحْتًا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ\n\n١٩٧٨٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فِي الْقِسْمَةِ إِذَا أَرَادَهَا بَعْضُهُمْ وَهُوَ ضَرَرٌ عَلَى كُلِّهِمْ فَلَا يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ قَالَ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ مَنْ لَقِينَا","vol":"14","page":237},{"text":"١٩٧٨٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَى فِيهِ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ صِدِّيقِ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تَعْضِيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمِيرَاثِ إِلَّا فِيمَا حَمَلَ الْقَسْمُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الرِّيَاحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي صِدِّيقُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ⦗٢٣٩⦘ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٧٩٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَكُونُ مِثْلُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ حُجَّةً؛ لِأَنَّهُ ضَعِيفٌ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَنْ لَقِينَا مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا\n\n١٩٧٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَضَعُفَ هَذَا لِانْقِطَاعِهِ، فَأَمَّا رُوَاتُهُ فَكُلُّهُمْ ثِقَاتٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":238},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1359>مَا عَلَى الْقَاضِي فِي الْخُصُومِ وَالشُّهُودِ</span>","vol":"14","page":240},{"text":"١٩٧٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كُنَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بَرْقَانَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ الْبَصْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَوَّامِ الْبَصْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ: «إِنَّ الْقَضَاءَ فَرِيضَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ وَسُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ، فَافْهَمْ إِذَا أُدْلِيَ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْفَعُ تَكَلُّمٌ بِحَقٍّ لَا نَفَاذَ لَهُ، وَآسِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِي وَجْهِكَ، وَمَجْلِسِكَ، وَقَضَائِكَ، حَتَّى لَا يَطْمَعَ شَرِيفٌ فِي حَيْفِكَ، وَلَا يَيْأَسَ ضَعِيفٌ مِنْ عَدْلِكَ، الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ، وَالصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا صُلْحًا أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا أَوْ حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى حَقًّا غَائِبًا أَوْ بَيِّنَةً فَاضْرِبْ لَهُ أَمَدًا يَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِبَيِّنَتِهِ أَعْطَيْتَهُ حَقَّهُ، فَإِنْ أَعْجَزَهُ ذَلِكَ اسْتَحْلَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضِيَّةَ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَبْلَغُ لِلْعُذْرِ وَأَجْلَى لِلْعَمَى، وَلَا يَمْنَعْكَ مِنْ قَضَاءٍ قَضَيْتَهُ الْيَوْمَ فَرَجَعْتَ فِيهِ لِرَأْيِكَ، وَهُدِيتَ فِيهِ لِرُشْدِكَ أَنْ تُرَاجِعَ الْحَقَّ؛ لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ قَدِيمٌ لَا يُبْطِلُ الْحَقَّ شَيْءٌ، وَمُرَاجَعَةُ الْحَقِّ خَيْرٌ مِنَ التَّمَادِي فِي الْبَاطِلِ، وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ عُدُولٌ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ إِلَّا مَجْلُودٌ فِي حَدٍّ أَوْ مُجَرَّبٌ عَلَيْهِ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ أَوْ ظِنِّينٌ فِي وَلَاءٍ أَوْ قَرَابَةٍ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ تَوَلَّى مِنَ الْعِبَادِ السَّرَائِرَ وَسَتَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُدُودَ إِلَّا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْأَيْمَانِ، ثُمَّ الْفَهْمَ فِيمَا أُدِّيَ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا لَيْسَ فِي قُرْآنٍ أَوْ سُنَّةٍ، ثُمَّ قَايِسِ الْأُمُورَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَأَعْرِفِ الْأَمْثَالَ وَالْأَشْبَاهَ، ثُمَّ اعْهَدْ إِلَى أَحَبِّهَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فِيمَا تَرَى وَأَشْبَهِهَا بِالْحَقِّ، وَإِيَّاكَ وَالْغَضَبَ، وَالْقَلَقَ، أَوِ الضَّجَرَ وَالتَّأَذِّي بِالنَّاسِ عِنْدَ الْخُصُومَةِ وَالتَّنَكُّرِ، فَإِنَّ الْقَضَاءَ فِي مَوَاطِنِ الْحَقِّ يُوجِبُ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْأَجْرَ وَيُحْسِنُ بِهِ الذُّخْرَ، فَمَنْ ⦗٢٤١⦘ خَلُصَتْ نِيَّتُهُ فِي الْحَقِّ وَلَوْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ كَفَاهُ اللَّهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَمَنْ تَزَيَّنَ لَهُمْ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِهِ شَانَهُ اللَّهُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ لَا يَقْبَلُ مِنَ الْعِبَادِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ لَهُ خَالِصًا، وَمَا ظَنُّكَ بِثَوَابِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ فِي عَاجِلِ رِزْقِهِ وَخَزَائِنِ رَحْمَتِهِ؟»\n\n١٩٧٩٣ - وَهَذَا الْكِتَابُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ،\n\n١٩٧٩٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُلَيْحِ الْهُذَلِيِّ أَنَّهُ رَوَاهُ،\n\n١٩٧٩٥ - وَهُوَ كِتَابٌ مَعْرُوفٌ مَشْهُورٌ لَابُدَّ لِلْقُضَاةِ مِنْ مَعْرِفَتِهِ وَالْعَمَلِ بِهِ\n\n١٩٧٩٦ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الْخَصْمَيْنِ يَقْعُدَانِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْحَاكِمِ»","vol":"14","page":240},{"text":"١٩٧٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ قَاضِيًا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تُرْسِلُنِي وَأَنَا حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ، وَلَا عِلْمَ لِي بِالْقَضَاءِ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ سَيَهْدِي قَلْبَكَ، وَيُثَبِّتُ لِسَانَكَ، فَإِذَا جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ الْخَصْمَانِ فَلَا تَقْضِيَنَّ حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ مِنَ الْآخَرَ كَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنَّهُ أَحْرَى أَنْ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الْقَضَاءُ»\n\n١٩٧٩٨ - قَالَ: فَمَا زِلْتُ قَاضِيًا، أَوْ مَا شَكَكْتُ فِي قَضَاءٍ بَعْدُ\n\n١٩٧٩٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٤٢⦘ مُرْسَلًا: أَنَّهُ \" لَمَّا اسْتَعْمَلَ عَلِيًّا عَلَى الْيَمَنِ قَالَ لَهُ: قَدِّمِ الْوَضِيعَ قَبْلَ الشَّرِيفِ، وَقَدِّمِ الضَّعِيفَ قَبْلَ الْقَوِيِّ \"","vol":"14","page":241},{"text":"١٩٨٠٠ - وَقَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: قَرَأْتُ فِي «الْجَامِعِ»: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَخْنَسِيِّ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أَدِّ حَقَّ الضَّعِيفَيْنِ: الْأَرْمَلَةِ، وَالْمِسْكِينِ \"، هَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْأَخْنَسِيِّ","vol":"14","page":242},{"text":"١٩٨٠١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحَرِّجُ حَقَّ الضَّعِيفَيْنِ: الْمَرْأَةِ وَالْيَتِيمِ \"\n\n١٩٨٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُضِيفَ الْخَصْمَ إِلَّا وَخَصْمُهُ مَعَهُ\n\n١٩٨٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَرْفُوعًا فِي «النَّهْيِ عَنْ أَنْ يُضِّيفَ الْخَصْمَ إِلَّا وَمَعَهُ خَصْمُهُ».\n\n١٩٨٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَقْبَلَ مِنْهُ هَدِيَّةً، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَهْدَى لَهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَنْفُذَ خُصُومَتُهُ.\n\n١٩٨٠٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى مَا رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ","vol":"14","page":242},{"text":"١٩٨٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ⦗٢٤٣⦘ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسٌ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ:  «لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الرَّاشِيَ وَالْمُرْتَشِيَ»، رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ","vol":"14","page":242},{"text":"١٩٨٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ هِنْدَ بِنْتَ عُتْبَةَ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ، وَلَيْسَ لِي مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ»\n\n١٩٨٠٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا بِهَذَا فِيمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ عَلَى الْغَائِبِ وَمِنْ قَضَاءِ الْقَاضِي بِعِلْمِهِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي الْقَوْلِ الْآخَرِ: لَا يَقْضِي بِعِلْمِهِ وَحَكَاهُ عَنْ شُرَيْحِ قَالَ: قَدْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ يُعْلَمُ لَهُ حَقٌّ فَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ لَهُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: ائْتِنِي بِشَاهِدَيْنِ إِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ أَقْضِيَ لَكَ قَالَ: أَنْتَ تَعْلَمُ حَقِّي قَالَ: فَاذْهَبْ إِلَى الْأَمِيرِ وَأَشْهَدُ لَكَ\n\n١٩٨٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فِي الرَّجُلِ إِذَا أَقَرَّ بِأَنْ قَدْ شَهِدَ بِزُورٍ، أَوْ عَلِمَ الْقَاضِي يَقِينًا أَنْ قَدْ شَهِدَ بِزُورٍ عَزَّرَهُ وَشَهَرَ بِأَمْرِهِ، وَوَقَفَهُ - يَعْنِي فِي مَسْجِدِهِ أَوْ قَبِيلِهِ أَوْ سُوقِهِ - وَقَالَ: إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا هَذَا شَاهِدَ زُورٍ فَاعْرِفُوهُ وَاحْذَرُوهُ ⦗٢٤٤⦘،\n\n١٩٨١٠ - وَحَكَاهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ\n\n١٩٨١١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁، أَنَّهُ «أُتِيَ بِشَاهِدِ زُورٍ فَوَقَفَهُ لِلنَّاسِ يَوْمًا إِلَى اللَّيْلِ»،\n\n١٩٨١٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: \" فَجَلَدَهُ وَأَقَامَهُ لِلنَّاسِ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ شَهِدَ بِزُورٍ فَاعْرِفُوهُ، ثُمَّ حَبَسَهُ \".\n\n١٩٨١٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «لَمَّا تَلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا نَزَلَ بِهِ عُذْرِي عَلَى النَّاسِ أَمَرَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ وَامْرَأَةٍ مِمَّنْ كَانَ بَاءَ بِالْفَاحِشَةِ، فَجُلِدُوا الْحَدَّ»،\n\n١٩٨١٤ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ الْحُكْمِ لِزَوْجَتِهِ عَلَى خَصْمِهَا، وَإِذَا جَازَ حُكْمُهُ لَهَا جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ لَهَا كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ﵀","vol":"14","page":243},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1360>٤٢ - كِتَابُ الشَّهَادَاتِ</span>","vol":"14","page":247},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1361>الشَّهَادَةُ فِي الْبُيُوعِ</span>","vol":"14","page":247},{"text":"١٩٨١٥ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: \" ﴿وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]،\n\n١٩٨١٦ - فَاحْتَمَلَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ بِالْإِشْهَادِ عِنْدَ الْبَيْعِ أَمْرَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنْ يَكُونَ دَلَالَةً عَلَى مَا فِيهِ الْحَظُّ بِالشَّهَادَةِ، وَمُبَاحٌ تَرْكُهَا لَا حَتْمًا يَكُونُ مَنْ تَرَكَهُ عَاصِيًا بِتَرْكِهِ، وَاحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَتْمًا مِنْهُ يَعْصِي مَنْ تَرَكَهُ بِتَرْكِهِ \"،\n١٩٨١٧ - وَالَّذِي أَخْتَارُ أَنْ لَا يَدَعَ الْمُتَبَايعَانِ الْإِشْهَادَ،\n\n١٩٨١٨ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي فَوَائِدِ الْإِشْهَادِ، وَأَنَّ الشَّهَادَةَ سَبَبُ قَطْعِ التَّظَالُمِ وَتَثْبِيتِ الْحُقُوقِ، وَكُلُّ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ أَمْرِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ الْخَيْرُ الَّذِي لَا يَعْتَاضُ مِنْهُ مَنْ تَرَكَهُ\n\n١٩٨١٩ - قَالَ: وَالَّذِي يُشْبِهُ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَإِيَّاهُ أَسْأَلُ التَّوْفِيقَ - أَنْ يَكُونَ دَلَالَةً لَا حَتْمًا،\n\n١٩٨٢٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٥]\n\n١٩٨٢١ - قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ الْبَيْعَ حَلَالٌ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَعَهُ بَيِّنَهً، وَقَالَ فِي آيَةِ الدَّيْنِ وَالدَّيْنُ تَبَايُعٌ: ﴿إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]\n⦗٢٤٨⦘\n\n١٩٨٢٢ - ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي سِيَاقِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣]،\n\n١٩٨٢٣ - فَلَمَّا أَمَرَ إِذْ لَمْ يَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا بِالرَّهْنِ، ثُمَّ أَبَاحَ تَرْكَ الرَّهْنِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣]، دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ الْأَوَّلَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى الْحَظِّ لَا فَرْضًا مِنْهُ يَعْصِي مَنْ تَرَكَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٨٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَقَدْ حُفِظَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ بَايَعَ أَعْرَابِيًّا فِي فَرَسٍ، فَجَحَدَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ بِأَمْرِ بَعْضِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ، فَلَوْ كَانَ حَتْمًا لَمْ يُبَايِعْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِلَا بَيِّنَةٍ \"","vol":"14","page":247},{"text":"١٩٨٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ قُرْقُوبٍ التَّمَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، أَنَّ عَمَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" ابْتَاعَ فَرَسًا مِنْ أَعْرَابِيٍّ فَاسْتَتْبَعَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِيَقْضِيَهُ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ، فَأَسْرَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَشْيَ وَأَبْطَأَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ، فَطَفِقَ رِجَالٌ يَعْتَرِضُونَ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ فَيُسَاوِمُونَهُ بِالْفَرَسِ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ابْتَاعَهُ، فَنَادَى الْأَعْرَابِيُّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنْ كُنْتَ مُبْتَاعًا هَذَا الْفَرَسَ وَإِلَّا بِعْتُهُ، فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِينَ سَمِعَ نِدَاءَ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، فَقَالَ: «أَوَلَيْسَ قَدِ ابْتَعْتُهُ مِنْكَ؟» قَالَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ: لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا بِعْتُكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «بَلَى، قَدِ ابْتَعْتُهُ مِنْكَ»، فَطَفِقَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ يَقُولُ: هَلُمَّ شَهِيدًا، فَقَالَ خُزَيْمَةُ: أَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ قَدْ بَايَعْتَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى خُزَيْمَةَ، فَقَالَ: «بِمَ تَشَهَدُ؟»، فَقَالَ: بِتَصْدِيقِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ شَهَادَةَ خُزَيْمَةَ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ ⦗٢٤٩⦘،\n\n١٩٨٢٦ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،\n\n١٩٨٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ تَلَا: ﴿إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجْلٍ مُسَمًّى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ: ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣] قَالَ: هَذِهِ نَسَخَتْ مَا قَبْلَهَا\n\n١٩٨٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَيْسَ هَذَا نَسْخًا عَلَى الْحَقِيقَةِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ تَبْيِينُ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":248},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1362>الْإِشْهَادُ عِنْدَ الدَّفْعِ إِلَى الْيَتَامَى</span>\n١٩٨٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَنْ يَكْبَرُوا وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا﴾ [النساء: ٦]\n\n١٩٨٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا﴾ [النساء: ٦] كَالدَّلِيلِ عَلَى الْإِرْخَاصِ فِي تَرْكِ الْإِشْهَادِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: ﴿كَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا﴾ [النساء: ٦]، أَيْ لَمْ يُشْهِدُوا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٨٣١ - وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي أَنَّهُ «قَدْ يَكُونُ الْمَعْنَى فِي أَمْرِ الْوَلِيِّ بِالْإِشْهَادِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ يَبْرَأُ بِالْإِشْهَادِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ جَحَدَهُ الْيَتِيمُ، وَلَا يَبْرَأُ بِغَيْرِهِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ مَأمُورًا بِالْإِشْهَادِ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى الدَّلَالَةِ»","vol":"14","page":250},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1363>عَدَدُ شُهُودِ الزِّنَا</span>\n١٩٨٣٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ ﴿لَوْلَا جَاءُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ﴾، وَقَالَ: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٥]، وَقَالَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جِلْدَةً﴾ [النور: ٤]","vol":"14","page":251},{"text":"١٩٨٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ سَعْدًا قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَجَدْتُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِي رَجُلًا، أُمْهِلُهُ حَتَّى آتِيَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»\n\n١٩٨٣٤ - وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا، فَقَتَلَهُ أَوْ قَتَلَهَا، فَقَالَ: «إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَلْيُعْطَ بِرُمَّتِهِ» وَقَدْ مَضَى إِسْنَادُهُ\n\n١٩٨٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَشَهِدَ ثَلَاثَةٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بِالزِّنَا، وَلَمْ يُثْبِتِ الرَّابِعُ فَجَلَدَ الثَّلَاثَةَ","vol":"14","page":251},{"text":"١٩٨٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ ⦗٢٥٢⦘ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: لَمَّا شَهِدَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ وَصَاحِبَاهُ عَلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ جَاءَ زِيَادٌ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: رَجُلٌ إِنْ يَشْهَدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِحَقٍّ، فَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْتِهَارًا وَمَجْلِسًا سَيِّئًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «هَلْ رَأَيْتَ الْمِرْوَدَ دَخَلَ الْمِكْحَلَةَ؟»، فَقَالَ: لَا، فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ، فَجُلِدُوا","vol":"14","page":251},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1364>الشَّهَادَةُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَالرَّجْعَةُ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهُمَا</span>\n١٩٨٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ: ﴿فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقَوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]،\n\n١٩٨٣٨ - فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَالرَّجْعَةِ بِالشَّهَادَةِ، وَسَمَّى فِيهَا عَدَدَ الشَّهَادَةِ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَى شَاهِدَيْنِ،\n\n١٩٨٣٩ - فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ كَمَالَ الشَّهَادَةِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَالرَّجْعَةِ شَاهِدَانِ،\n\n١٩٨٤٠ - وَسَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ لَا يَحْتَمِلُ بِحَالٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلَيْنِ، وَدَلَّ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنِّي لَمْ أَلْقَ مُخَالِفًا حَفِظْتُ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ حَرَامًا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ دَلَالَةُ اخْتِيَارٍ لَا فَرْضٍ يَعْصِي بِهِ مَنْ تَرَكَهُ، وَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ أَدَاؤُهُ إِنْ فَاتَ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"14","page":253},{"text":"١٩٨٤١ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ ⦗٢٥٤⦘ امْرَأَتِي وَلَمْ أُشْهِدْ، وَرَاجَعْتُ وَلَمْ أُشْهِدْ، فَقَالَ: «طَلَّقْتَ فِي غَيْرِ عِدَّةٍ، وَرَاجَعْتَ فِي غَيْرِ سُنَّةٍ، أَشْهِدْ عَلَى طَلَاقِهَا، وَعَلَى رَجْعَتِهَا»،\n\n١٩٨٤٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا ابْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ قَالَ: «أَشْهِدِ الْآنَ»،\n\n١٩٨٤٣ - وَفِي ذَلِكَ كَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى جَوَازِ نُفُوذِهِمَا، وَجَوَازِ خُلُوِّهِمَا عَنِ الشَّهَادَةِ حِينَ قَالَ: «أَشْهِدِ الْآنَ»","vol":"14","page":253},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1365>الشَّهَادَةُ فِي الدَّيْنِ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ</span>\n١٩٨٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] الْآيَةَ، وَقَالَ فِي سِيَاقِهَا: ﴿وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]\n⦗٢٥٦⦘\n\n١٩٨٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ شُهُودَ الزِّنَا، وَذَكَرَ شُهُودَ الطَّلَاقِ وَالرَّجْعَةِ، وَذَكَرَ شُهُودَ الْوَصِيَّةِ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَعَهُمُ امْرَأَةً، فَوَجَدْنَا شُهُودَ الزِّنَا يَشْهَدُونَ عَلَى حَدٍّ لَا مَالٍ، وَشُهُودَ الطَّلَاقِ وَالرَّجْعَةِ يَشْهَدُونَ عَلَى تَحْرِيمٍ بَعْدَ تَحْلِيلٍ، وَتَثْبِيتِ تَحْلِيلٍ لَا مَالَ فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، وَذَكَرَ شُهُودَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَلَا مَالَ لِلْمَشْهُودِ لَهُ أَنَّهُ وَصِيٌّ، ثُمَّ لَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ خَالَفَ فِي أَنْ لَا يَجُوزَ فِي الزِّنَا إِلَّا الرِّجَالُ، وَعَلِمْتُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ قَالَ: وَلَا فِي الطَّلَاقِ، وَلَا الرَّجْعَةِ إِذَا تَنَاكَرَ الزَّوْجَانِ، وَقَالُوا ذَلِكَ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ، فَكَانَ مَا حَكَيْتُ مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِهِمِ دَلَالَةً عَلَى مُوَافَقَةِ ظَاهَرِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَكَانَ أَوْلَى الْأُمُورِ أَنْ يُصَارَ إِلَيْهِ وَيُقَاسَ عَلَيْهِ\n\n١٩٨٤٦ - قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى شُهُودَ الدَّيْنِ، فَذَكَرَ مِنْهُمُ النِّسَاءَ، وَكَانَ الدَّيْنُ أَخْذُ مَالٍ مِنَ الْمَشْهُودِ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n١٩٨٤٧ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي قِيَاسِ الْقِصَاصِ وَالْحَدِّ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِمَّا يُسْتَحَقُّ بِهِ غَيْرُ مَالٍ بِالطَّلَاقِ وَالرَّجْعَةِ، وَمَا يُسْتَحِقُّ بِهِ مَالٌ بِالدَّيْنِ،\n\n١٩٨٤٨ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَفِي الدَّيْنِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تَجُوزَ شَهَادَةُ النِّسَاءِ - حَيْثُ تُجِيزَهُنَّ - إِلَّا مَعَ رَجُلٍ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ مِنْهُنَّ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَانِ فَصَاعِدًا\n\n١٩٨٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قُتِلَ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَلَكُمْ شَاهِدَانِ يَشْهَدَانِ عَلَى قَتْلِ صَاحِبِكُمْ؟»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ ثَمَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنَّمَا هُمْ يَهُودٌ ⦗٢٥٧⦘\n\n١٩٨٥٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ، وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ»،\n\n١٩٨٥١ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"14","page":255},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1366>حُكْمُ الْحَاكِمِ</span>","vol":"14","page":258},{"text":"١٩٨٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ، وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيَّ فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُحَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا أَسْمَعُ مِنْهُ، فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ فَلَا يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ»، وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «فَلَا يَأْخُذَنَّهُ، فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ⦗٢٥٩⦘\n\n١٩٨٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: فَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ، وَفِي هَذَا الْبَيَانُ الَّذِي لَا إِشْكَالَ مَعَهُ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ عَلَى عَالِمٍ، فَنَقُولُ: وَلِيُّ السَّرَائِرِ اللَّهُ ﵎، فَالْحَلَالُ وَالْحَرَامُ عَلَى مَا يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ، وَالْحُكْمُ عَلَى ظَاهِرِ الْأَمْرِ، وَافَقَ ذَلِكَ السَّرَائِرَ أَوْ خَالَفَهَا، فَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا زَوَّرَ بَيِّنَةً عَلَى آخَرَ فَشَهِدُوا أَنَّ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ، فَقَضَى بِهَا الْقَاضِي لَمْ يَحِلَّ لِلْمَقْضِيِّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأخُذَهَا إِذَا عَلِمَهَا بَاطِلًا، وَلَا يَحِلُّ حُكْمُ الْحَاكِمِ عَلَى الْمَقْضِيِّ لَهُ وَالْمَقْضِيِّ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يُجْعَلُ الْحَلَالُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا حَرَامًا، وَلَا الْحَرَامُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا حَلَالًا،\n\n١٩٨٥٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَالْبَيْعِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْقِيَاسِ\n\n١٩٨٥٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ: «إِنِّي لَأَقْضِي لَكَ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ ظَالِمًا، وَلَكِنْ لَا يَسَعُنِي إِلَّا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ بِمَا يَحْضُرُنِي مِنَ السُّنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ قَضَائِي لَا يُحِلُّ لَكَ حَرَامًا»","vol":"14","page":258},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1367>شَهَادَةُ النِّسَاءِ لَا رَجُلَ مَعَهُنَّ</span>","vol":"14","page":260},{"text":"١٩٨٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الْوِلَادُ وَعِيُوبُ النِّسَاءِ مِمَّا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ مُخَالِفًا لَقِيتُهُ فِي أَنَّ شَهَادَةَ النِّسَاءِ فِيهِ جَائِزَةٌ لَا رَجُلَ مَعَهُنَّ\n\n١٩٨٥٧ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي شَهَادَةِ النِّسَاءِ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا يَجُوزُ فِي شَهَادَةِ النِّسَاءِ لَا رَجُلَ مَعَهُنَّ فِي أَمْرِ النِّسَاءِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ عُدُولٍ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٨٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ،\n\n١٩٨٥٩ - وَذَكَرَ الْحُجَّةَ فِيهِ، وَحَكَى الْخِلَافَ عَمَّنْ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَقَوْلَ مَنْ قَالَ مِنْهُمْ ⦗٢٦١⦘\n\n١٩٨٦٠ - فَأَمَّا مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁: أَنَّهُ «أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ الْقَابِلَةِ وَحْدَهَا»\n\n١٩٨٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ: لَوْ ثَبُتَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، لَصِرْنَا إِلَيْهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ لَا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَكُمْ، وَلَا عِنْدَنَا عَنْهُ،\n\n١٩٨٦٢ - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ طَارِقٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُجَيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁، وَجَابِرٌ الْجَعْفِيُّ: ضَعِيفٌ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُجَيٍّ فِيهِ نَظَرٌ","vol":"14","page":260},{"text":"١٩٨٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَطَّةَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد خُلَيْد الْكَرْمَانِيُّ الْمُلَقَّبُ، بِمِرْدَوَيْهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ. . . فَذَكَرَ مُنَاظَرَةً جَرَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عِنْدَ هَارُونَ الرَّشِيدِ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ:  «أَرَأَيْتَ بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ قَضَيْتَ بِشَهَادَةِ الْقَابِلَةِ وَحْدَهَا حَتَّى وَرَّثْتَ مِنْ خَلِيفَةٍ مَلِكَ مُلْكًا، وَمَالًا عَظِيمًا؟» قَالَ: لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،\n\n١٩٨٦٤ - قُلْتُ: فَعَلِيٌّ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُجَيٍّ، وَرَوَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، وَكَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِالرَّجْعَةِ قَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْكَهَنَةِ","vol":"14","page":261},{"text":"١٩٨٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ⦗٢٦٢⦘ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: «سَمِعْتُ مِنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ كَلَامًا فَبَادَرْتُ، خِفْتُ أَنْ يَقَعَ السَّقْفُ»\n\n١٩٨٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ غَيْلَانَ بْنِ جَامِعٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْوَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَسُوَيْدٌ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ\n\n١٩٨٦٧ - قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ: لَوْ صَحَّتْ شَهَادَةُ الْقَابِلَةِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ لَقُلْنَا بِهِ، وَلَكِنَّ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ خَلَلٌ","vol":"14","page":261},{"text":"١٩٨٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ الْقَابِلَةِ»،\n\n١٩٨٦٩ - وَهَذَا لَا يَصِحُّ\n\n١٩٨٧٠ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْهُ: أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ","vol":"14","page":262},{"text":"١٩٨٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ نَاقِصَاتِ عَقْلٍ وَدِينٍ أَغْلَبَ لِذِي لُبٍّ مِنْكُنَّ» قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ وَالدِّينِ؟ قَالَ: «أَمَّا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ فَشَهَادَةُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَعْدِلُ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ فَهَذَا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ، وَتَمْكُثُ اللَّيَالِيَ مَا تُصَلِّي، وَتُفْطِرُ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَهَذَا نُقْصَانُ الدِّينِ» ⦗٢٦٣⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رُمْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رُمْحٍ","vol":"14","page":262},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1368>شَهَادَةُ الْقَاذِفِ</span>","vol":"14","page":264},{"text":"١٩٨٧٢ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: «تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَةُ الْمَحْدُودِينَ فِي الْقَذْفِ، وَفِي جَمِيعِ الْمَعَاصِي إِذَا تَابُوا»\n\n١٩٨٧٣ - وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي قَبُولِ شَهَادَةِ الْقَاذِفِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَمَرَ بِضَرْبِهِ، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ لَا تُقْبَلَ شَهَادَتُهُ، وَسَمَّاهُ فَاسِقًا، ثُمَّ اسْتَثْنَى لَهُ: إِلَّا أَنْ يَتُوبَ، وَالثُّنْيَا فِي سِيَاقِ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى أَوَّلِ الْكَلَامِ وَآخِرِهِ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا يَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الْفِقْهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ خَبَرٌ، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَقْبَلُ شَهَادَتَهُ، وَأَنَّ الثُّنْيَا لَهُ إِنَّمَا هِيَ عَلَى طَرْحِ اسْمِ الْفِسْقِ عَنْهُ خَبَرٌ إِلَّا عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ،\n\n١٩٨٧٤ - وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ شُرَيْحًا فِي رَأْىِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ","vol":"14","page":264},{"text":"١٩٨٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: زَعَمَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ أَنَّ شَهَادَةَ الْقَاذِفِ لَا تَجُوزُ، فَأَشْهَدُ لَأَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ: «تُبْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُكَ، أَوْ إِنْ تُبْتَ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُكَ»","vol":"14","page":264},{"text":"١٩٨٧٦ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ هَكَذَا مِرَارًا، ثُمَّ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: شَكَكْتُ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا قُمْتُ سَأَلْتُ، فَقَالَ لِي ⦗٢٦٥⦘ عُمَرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَحَضَرَ الْمَجْلِسَ مَعِي: هُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ: أَشَكَكْتَ حِينَ أَخْبَرَكَ أَنَّهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ؟ قَالَ: لَا هُوَ كَمَا قَالَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ دَخَلَنِي الشَّكُّ\n\n١٩٨٧٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ لَا يَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: وَغَيْرُهُ يَرْوِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ","vol":"14","page":264},{"text":"١٩٨٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَشِبْلِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، وَنَافِعٍ: «مَنْ تَابَ مِنْكُمْ قَبِلْتُ شَهَادَتَهُ»\n\n١٩٨٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ أَيْضًا، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، اسْتَتَابَ أَبَا بَكْرَةَ","vol":"14","page":265},{"text":"١٩٨٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، «لَمَّا جَلْدَ الثَّلَاثَةَ اسْتَتَابَهُمْ، فَرَجَعَ اثْنَانِ، فَقَبِلَ شَهَادَتَهُمَا، وَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرَةَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فَرَدَّ شَهَادَتَهُ»\n\n١٩٨٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ «كانَ يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ الْقَاذِفِ إِذَا تَابَ»\n\n١٩٨٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِي تَفْسِيرِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا﴾ [النور: ٤]، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا﴾ [البقرة: ١٦٠]، «فَمَنْ تَابَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَشَهَادَتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تُقْبَلُ»","vol":"14","page":265},{"text":"١٩٨٨٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ⦗٢٦٦⦘ فِي \" الْقَاذِفِ إِذَا تَابَ قَالَ: تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَتُهُ \" وَقَالَ: كُلُّنَا نَقُولُهُ: عَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُسٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ\n\n١٩٨٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسُئِلَ الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنِ الْقَاذِفِ، فَقَالَ: يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ تَوْبَتَهُ، وَلَا تَقْبَلُونَ شَهَادَتَهُ\n\n١٩٨٨٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَأَبِي الزِّنَادِ\n\n١٩٨٨٦ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَائِنٍ، وَلَا خَائِنَةٍ، وَلَا مَحْدُودٍ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَلَا ذِي غَمْرٍ عَلَى أَخِيهِ»،\n\n١٩٨٨٧ - فَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ، رَوَاهُ آدَمُ بْنُ فَائِدٍ، وَالْمُثَنَّى بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَآدَمُ، وَالْمُثَنَّى، لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِمَا،\n\n١٩٨٨٨ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفٌ. وَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ إِنْ صَحَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتُوبَ كَمَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِسَائِرِ مَنْ ذُكِرَ مَعَهُ\n\n١٩٨٨٩ - وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ كِتَابِ عُمَرَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى، فَهُوَ الْقَائِلُ لِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ: «تُبْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُكَ»\n\n١٩٨٩٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ «رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ سَرَقَ نَاقَةً، فَقَطَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ، وَكَانَ جَائِزَ الشَّهَادَةِ»،\n\n١٩٨٩١ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ،\n\n١٩٨٩٢ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْكَافَّةِ «إِذَا تَابَ وَأَصْلَحَ» وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"14","page":265},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1369>التَّحَفُّظُ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ وَالْعِلْمُ بِهَا</span>","vol":"14","page":267},{"text":"١٩٨٩٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَلَا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُولَئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُولًا﴾ وَقَالَ ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [الزخرف: ٨٦]\n\n١٩٨٩٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ:  «وَلَا يَسَعُ شَاهِدًا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ إِلَّا بِمَا عَلِمَ. . . ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ وُجُوهَ الْعِلْمِ» ⦗٢٦٨⦘\n\n١٩٨٩٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِأَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ: الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ، وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ، وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا فَجَلَسَ فَقَالَ: وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ \"\n\n١٩٨٩٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اشْهَدْ بِمَا تَعْلَمُ»","vol":"14","page":267},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1370>مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ مِنَ الْقِيَامِ بِشَهَادَتِهِ إِذَا شُهِّدَ</span>\n١٩٨٩٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى﴾ [المائدة: ٨]،\n\n١٩٨٩٨ - وَقَالَ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ إِنْ يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَوْ فَقِيرًا فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا وَإِنْ تَلْوُوا أَوْ تُعْرِضُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا﴾ [النساء: ١٣٥]\n⦗٢٧٠⦘،\n\n١٩٨٩٩ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِذَا قُلْتُمْ فَاعْدِلُوا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥٢]،\n\n١٩٩٠٠ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِشَهَادَاتِهِمْ قَائِمُونَ﴾ [المعارج: ٣٣]،\n\n١٩٩٠١ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣]،\n\n١٩٩٠٢ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَأَقِيمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]،\n\n١٩٩٠٣ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالَّذِي أَحْفَظُ عَنْ كُلِّ مَنْ سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ أَنَّهُ فِي الشَّاهِدِ قَدْ لَزِمَتْهُ الشَّهَادَةُ وَأَنَّ فَرْضًا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقُومَ بِهَا عَلَى وَالِدَيْهِ، وَوَلَدِهِ، وَالْقَرِيبِ، وَالْبَعِيدِ، وَلِلْبَغِيضِ الْقَرِيبِ، وَالْبَعِيدِ، وَلَا يَكْتُمَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ، وَلَا يُحَابِيَ بِهَا، وَلَا يَمْنَعَهَا أَحَدًا","vol":"14","page":269},{"text":"١٩٩٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَفَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: \" أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِخَيْرِ الشُّهَدَاءِ؟: الَّذِي يَأْتِي بِشَهَادَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْأَلَهَا، أَوْ يُخْبِرُ بِشَهَادَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْأَلَهَا \" أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ ⦗٢٧١⦘، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n١٩٩٠٥ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْقُرُونِ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ يَخْلُفُ بَعْدَهُمْ خَلْفٌ تَسْبِقُ شَهَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ يَمِينَهُ، وَيَمِينُهُ شَهَادَتَهُ»\n\n١٩٩٠٦ - وَالَّذِي رَوَاهُ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْقُرُونِ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ يَنْشَأُ قَوْمٌ يَنْذُرُونَ وَلَا يُوفُونَ، وَيَحْلِفُونَ وَلَا يُسْتَحْلَفُونَ، وَيَشْهَدُونَ وَلَا يُسْتَشْهَدُونَ، وَيَخُونُونَ وَلَا يُؤْتَمَنُونَ»،\n\n١٩٩٠٧ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ التَّسَارُعِ إِلَى أَدَاءِ الشَّهَادَةِ وَصَاحِبُهَا بِهَا عَالِمٌ حَتَّى يُسْتَشْهَدَ،\n\n١٩٩٠٨ - وَحَدِيثُ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ لِإِنْسَانٍ شَهَادَةٌ وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا ⦗٢٧٢⦘،\n\n١٩٩٠٩ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعِمْرَانَ الرَّجُلَ يَشْهَدُ بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ يَكُونُ شَاهِدَ زُورٍ،\n\n١٩٩١٠ - وَقَدْ قِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ بِهِ كَرَاهِيَةُ الْحَلِفِ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ وَالْإِكْثَارِ مِنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":270},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1371>مَا عَلَى مَنْ دُعِيَ لِيَشْهَدَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُشَهَّدَ أَوْ لِيَكْتُبَ</span>","vol":"14","page":273},{"text":"١٩٩١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا يَأبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]،\n\n١٩٩١٢ - يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَتْمًا عَلَى مَنْ دُعِيَ لِلْكِتَابِ، فَإِنْ تَرَكَهُ تَارِكٌ كَانَ عَاصِيًا،\n\n١٩٩١٣ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى مَنْ حَضَرَ مِنَ الْكُتَّابِ أَنْ لَا يُعَطِّلُوا كِتَابَ حَقٍّ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ، فَإِذَا قَامَ بِهِ وَاحِدٌ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُمْ، كَمَا حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يُصَلُّوا عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ وَيَدْفِنُوهَا، فَإِذَا قَامَ بِهَا مَنْ يَكْفِيهَا أَخْرَجَ ذَلِكَ مَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهَا مِنَ الْمَأْثَمِ،\n\n١٩٩١٤ - وَلَوْ كَانَ تَرَكَ كُلُّ مَنْ حَضَرَ الْكِتَابَ خِفْتُ أَنْ يَأْثَمُوا، بَلْ كَأَنِّي لَا أَرَاهُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ الْمَأثَمِ، وَأَيُّهُمْ قَامَ بِهِ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُمْ، وَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ مَعَانِيهِ بِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٩١٥ - وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ: \" ﴿وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]، يَحْتَمِلُ مَا وَصَفْتُ مِنْ أَنْ لَا يَأْبَى كُلُّ شَاهِدٍ ابْتُدِئَ فَيُدْعَى لِيَشْهَدَ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَرْضٌ عَلَى مَنْ حَضَرَ الْحَقَّ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الْكَفَاءَةِ لِلشَّهَادَةِ، فَإِذَا شَهِدُوا أَخْرَجُوا غَيْرَهُمْ مِنَ الْمَأْثَمِ \"، وَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٩١٦ - قَالَ: فَأَمَّا مَنْ سَبَقَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ بِأَنْ شَهِدَ، أَوْ عَلِمَ حَقًّا لِمُسْلِمٍ، أَوْ مُعَاهَدٍ، فَلَا يَسَعُهُ التَّخَلُّفُ عَنْ تَأْدِيَةِ الشَّهَادَةِ مَتَى طُلِبَتْ مِنْهُ فِي مَوْضِعِ مَقْطَعِ الْحَقِّ ⦗٢٧٤⦘\n\n١٩٩١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً: وَقَالَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]، فَأَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ يُجَرِّحُ مَنْ تَرَكَ ذَلِكَ ضِرَارًا، وَفَرْضُ الْقِيَامِ بِهَا فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ عَلَى الْكِفَايَةِ\n\n١٩٩١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: \" أَنْ يَجِيءَ فَيَدْعُوَ الْكَاتِبَ وَالشَّهِيدَ فَيَقُولَانِ: إِنَّا عَلَى حَاجَةٍ، فَيُضَارَّ بِهِمَا، فَقَالَ: قَدْ أُمِرْتُمَا أَنْ تُجِيبَا، فَلَا يُضَارَّ بِهِمَا \"","vol":"14","page":273},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1372>شَرْطُ الَّذَيْنِ تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَتُهُمْ</span>","vol":"14","page":275},{"text":"١٩٩١٩ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]،\n\n١٩٩٢٠ - وَقَالَ: ﴿وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]\n\n١٩٩٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَكَانَ الَّذِي يُعْرَفُ مَنْ خُوطِبَ بِهَذَا إِنَّمَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ: الْأَحْرَارُ الْمَرْضِيُّونَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ رِجَالَنَا، وَمَنْ نَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ دِينِنَا، لَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ لِقَطْعِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الْوَلَايَةَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ بِالدِّينِ،\n\n١٩٩٢٢ - وَرِجَالُنَا أَحْرَارُنَا لَا مَمَالِيكُنَا الَّذِينَ يَغْلِبُهُمْ مَنْ يَمْلِكُهُمْ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أُمُورِهِمْ ⦗٢٧٦⦘،\n\n١٩٩٢٣ - وَإِنَّا لَا نَرْضَى أَهْلَ الْفِسْقِ مِنَّا، وَإِنْ أُلْزِمْنَا إِنَّمَا نَقْعُ عَلَى الْعُدُولِ بِنَا، وَلَا يَقَعُ إِلَّا عَلَى الْبَالِغِينَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا خُوطِبَ بِالْقَرَائِنِ الْبَالِغُونَ دُونَ مَنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ \"، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: غَيْرَ أَنَّ مِنَ أَصْحَابِنَا مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنْ يُجِيزَ شَهَادَةَ الصِّبْيَانِ فِي الْجِرَاحِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقُوا،\n\n١٩٩٢٤ - وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تَجُوزَ شَهَادَةُ الصِّبْيَانِ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - فِي شَيْءٍ،\n\n١٩٩٢٥ - فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: أَجَازَهَا ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَدَّهَا","vol":"14","page":275},{"text":"١٩٩٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي \" شَهَادَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ: لَا تَجُوزُ \"\n\n١٩٩٢٧ - قَالَ: وَزَادَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ يَقُولُ: ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]\n\n١٩٩٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَالَ أَبُو يَحْيَى: رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، «لَا يَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْعَبِيدِ»\n\n١٩٩٢٩ - قَالَ: قَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ: «أَرَى أَنْ تُقْبَلَ شَهَادَةُ الْعَبْدِ إِذَا كَانَ عَدْلًا فِي الْحُقُوقِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ» ⦗٢٧٧⦘\n\n١٩٩٣٠ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَرُوِيَ قَبُولُ شَهَادَةِ الْعَبْدِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَقَالَهُ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «مَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا رَدَّ شَهَادَةَ الْعَبْدِ»، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَشُرَيْحٍ","vol":"14","page":276},{"text":"١٩٩٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَفِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ: ﴿وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ. . .﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] إِلَى: ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]، \" وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّمَا عَنَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ \"،\n\n١٩٩٣٢ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ الشُّهُودُ مِنَّا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُقْضَى بِشَهَادَةِ شُهُودٍ مِنْ غَيْرِنَا،\n\n١٩٩٣٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ شَهَادَةَ مُسْلِمٍ بِأَنْ نَعْرِفَهُ يَكْذِبُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الْآدَمِيِّينَ، وَيُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ ذِمِّيٍّ وَهُوَ يَكْذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ﵎؟ قَالَ: وَالْمَمَالِيكُ، الْعُدُولُ، وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ الْأَحْرَارُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا عُدُولًا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَكَيْفَ أُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ الَّذِي هُوَ شَرٌّ، وَأَرُدُّ شَهَادَةَ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ بِلَا كِتَابٍ، وَلَا سُنَّةٍ، وَلَا أَثَرٍ، وَلَا أَمْرٍ اجْتَمَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ عَوَامُّ الْفُقَهَاءِ، وَمَنْ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ فَأَعْدَلُهُمْ عِنْدَهُمْ أَعْظَمُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ شِرْكًا، أَسْجَدُهُمْ لِلصَّلِيبِ، وَأَلْزَمُهُمْ لِلْكَنِيسَةِ\n\n١٩٩٣٤ - قَالَ: فَقَالَ لِي قَائِلٌ: إِنَّ شُرَيْحًا أَجَازَ شَهَادَتَهُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ شُرَيْحًا قَدْ قَالَ قَوْلًا لَا مُخَالِفَ لَهُ فِيهِ مِثْلَهُ، وَلَا كِتَابَ فِيهِ يَكُونُ قَوْلُهُ حُجَّةً؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: فَكَيْفَ تَحْتَجُّ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ؟ ثُمَّ عَلَى دَارِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْهِجْرَةِ، وَعَلَى مُخَالِفِينَ لَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ وَالسُّنَّةِ؟ ⦗٢٧٨⦘\n\n١٩٩٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَقَدْ أَجَازَ شُرَيْحٌ شَهَادَةَ الْعَبْدِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَشْهُودُ عَلَيْهِ: أَتُجِيزُ عَلَيَّ شَهَادَةَ عَبْدٍ؟ فَقَالَ: قُمْ كُلُّكُمْ بَنُو عَبِيدٍ، وَإِمَاءٍ، وَلَيْسَ فِي الْآيَةِ بِعَيْنِهَا بَيَانُ الْحُرِّيَةِ، وَهِيَ مُحْتَمَلَةٌ لَهَا، وَفِي الْآيَةِ بَيَانُ شَرْطِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَلِمَ وَافَقَ شُرَيْحًا مَرَّةً، وَخَالَفَهُ أُخْرَى؟\n\n١٩٩٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنِ ابْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَإِنِ احْتَجَّ مَنْ تُجِيزُ شَهَادَتَهُمْ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]، فَقَالَ: مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ دِينِكُمْ فَكَيْفَ لَمْ يُجِزْهَا فِيمَا ذُكِرَتْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْوَصِيَّةِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَكَيْفَ لَمْ يُجِزْهَا مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَهُمْ غَيْرُ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ؟ وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ\n\n١٩٩٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَتَأَوَّلُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ عَلَى مِنْ غَيْرِ قَبِيلَتِكُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَيَحْتَجُّ فِيهَا بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لَا نَشْتَرِي بِهِ ثَمَنًا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى وَلَا نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا إِذًا لِمِنَ الْآثِمِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]، فَيَقُولُ: الصَّلَاةُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَتَأَثَّمُونَ مِنْ كِتْمَانِ الشَّهَادَةِ، فَأَمَّا الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُمْ قَائِمَةً، وَلَا يَتَأَثَّمُونَ مِنْ كِتْمَانِ الشَّهَادَةِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ\n\n١٩٩٣٨ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢] وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n١٩٩٣٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا مَا سُمِعَ فِيهَا مِنَ التَّأْوِيلِ الْأَوَّلِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]، وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ،\n\n١٩٩٤٠ - وَأَمَّا مَا سُمِعَ فِيهَا مِنَ النَّسْخِ فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَطِيَّةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٢٧٩⦘\n\n١٩٩٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقُلْتُ لِمَنْ خَالَفَنَا فِي هَذَا: إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فِي وَصِيَّةِ مُسْلِمٍ أَفَتُجِيزُهَا فِي وَصِيَّةِ مُسْلِمٍ فِي السَّفَرِ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: أَوَ تُحَلِّفُهُمْ إِذَا شَهِدُوا؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ وَلِمَ قَدْ تَأَوَّلَتْ أَنَّهَا فِي وَصِيَّةِ مُسْلِمٍ؟ قَالَ: لِأَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ، قُلْتُ: فَإِنْ نُسِخَتْ فِيمَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِيهِ لَمْ نَنْسَهَا فِيمَا لَمْ تَنْزِلْ فِيهِ\n\n١٩٩٤٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي تَأْوِيلِ الْآيَةِ فِي كِتَابِ الْجِزْيَةِ إِلَى مَا","vol":"14","page":277},{"text":"١٩٩٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْجَعْفَرِيُّ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالَ بُكَيْرٌ: قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَخَذْتُ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَالْحَسَنِ وَالضَّحَّاكِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦] مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ، أَنَّ \" رَجُلَيْنِ نَصْرَانِيَّيْنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا تَمِيمِيٌّ أَوْ قَالَ: تَمِيمٌ، وَالْآخَرُ يَمَانِيٌّ صَحِبَهُمَا مَوْلًى لِقُرَيْشٍ فِي تِجَارَةٍ، فَرَكِبُوا الْبَحْرَ، وَمَعَ الْقُرَشِيِّ مَالٌ مَعْلُومٌ قَدْ عَلِمَهُ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ آنِيَةٍ وَبَزٍّ وَرِقَّةٍ، فَمَرِضَ الْقُرَشِيُّ، فَجَعَلَ وَصِيَّتَهُ إِلَى الدَّارِيَّيْنِ، فَمَاتَ، وَقَبَضَ الدَّارِيَّانِ الْمَالَ وَالْوَصِيَّةَ، فَدَفَعَاهُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَيِّتِ، وَجَاءَا بِبَعْضِ مَالِهِ، فَأَنْكَرَ الْقَوْمُ قِلَّةَ الْمَالِ، فَقَالُوا لِلدَّارِيَّيْنِ: إِنَّ صَاحِبَنَا قَدْ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ بِمَالٍ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَتَيْتُمُونَا بِهِ فَهَلْ بَاعَ شَيْئًا أَوِ اشْتَرَى شَيْئًا فَوَضَعَ فِيهِ؟ أَوْ هَلْ طَالَ مَرَضُهُ فَأَنْفَقَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ؟ قَالَا: لَا، قَالُوا: فَإِنَّكُمَا خُنْتُمُونَا، فَقَبَضُوا الْمَالَ، وَرَفَعُوا أَمَرَهُمْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦] أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقَامَا بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَحَلَفَا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّ السَّمَوَاتِ مَا تَرَكَ مَوْلَاكُمْ مِنَ الْمَالِ إِلَّا مَا أَتَيْنَاكُمْ بِهِ، وَإِنَّا لَا نَشْتَرِي بِأَيْمَانِنَا ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا ﴿وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى وَلَا نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الْآثِمِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]، فَلَمَّا حَلَفَا خَلَّى سَبِيلَهُمَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ وَجَدُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِنَاءً مِنْ آنِيَةِ الْمَيِّتِ، فَأَخَذُوا الدَّارِيَّيْنِ، فَقَالَا: اشْتَرَيْنَاهُ مِنْهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ، وَكَذَبَا، فَكُلِّفَا الْبَيِّنَةَ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرَا عَلَيْهَا، فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٨٠⦘، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ عُثِرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا اسْتَحَقَّا إِثْمًا﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٧]- يَعْنِي الدَّارِيَّيْنِ - كَتَمَا حَقًّا ﴿فَآخَرَانِ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٧] مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَيِّتِ ﴿يَقُومَانِ مَقَامَهُمَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَوْلَيَانِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٧]، فَيَحْلِفَانِ بِاللَّهِ مَالُ صَاحِبِنَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَأَنَّ الَّذِي نَطْلُبُ قِبَلَ الدَّارِيَّيْنِ لَحَقٌّ ﴿وَمَا اعْتَدَيْنَا إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٧] \"\n\n١٩٩٤٤ - فَهَذَا قَوْلُ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَيِّتِ ﴿ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٨]- يَعْنِي الدَّارِيَّيْنِ - وَالنَّاسَ أَنْ يَعُودُوا لِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ\n\n١٩٩٤٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي مَنْ كَانَ فِي مِثْلِ حَالِ الدَّارِيَّيْنِ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَلَا أَعْلَمُ الْآيَةَ تَحْتَمِلُ مَعْنًى غَيْرَ جُمْلَةِ مَا قَالَ،\n\n١٩٩٤٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ فِي أَثْنَاءِ ذَلِكَ: إِنَّمَا مَعْنَى ﴿شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]: أَيْمَانُ بَيْنِكُمْ، كَمَا سُمِّيَتْ أَيْمَانُ الْمُتَلَاعِنِينَ شَهَادَةً، وَاسْتُدِلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى شَاهِدٍ يَمِينٌ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ أَوْ رُدَّتْ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِجْمَاعُهُمْ خِلَافًا لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿\n\n١٩٩٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمِ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]، الشَّهَادَةَ نَفْسَهَا وَهُوَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلْمُدَّعِينَ اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَشْهَدَانِ لَهُمْ بِمَا ادَّعَوْا عَلَى الدَّارِيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْخِيَانَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦] يَعْنِي: إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُدَّعِينَ مِنْكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ فَالدَّارِيَّانِ اللَّذَانِ ادَّعَيَا عَلَيْهِمَا ⦗٢٨١⦘ يُحْبَسَانِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ: - يَعْنِي يَحْلِفَانِ - عَلَى إِنْكَارِ مَا ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِمَا عَلَى مَا حَكَاهُ مُقَاتِلٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n١٩٩٤٨ - وَهَذَا بَيِّنٌ وَأَصَحُّ وَقَدْ ثَبُتَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَعْنَى مَا قَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، لَا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْفَظْ فِي حَدِيثِهِ دَعْوَى تَمِيمٍ، وَعَدِيٍّ أَنَّهُمَا اشْتَرَيَاهُ، وَحَفِظَهُ مُقَاتِلٌ","vol":"14","page":279},{"text":"١٩٩٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: \" خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سَهْمٍ مَعَ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ وَعَدِيِّ بْنِ بَدَّاءٍ، فَمَاتَ السَّهْمِيُّ بِأَرْضٍ لَيْسَ بِهَا مُسْلِمٌ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَا بِتَرِكَتِهِ فَقَدُوا جَامَ فِضَّةٍ مُخَوَّصٌ بِالذَّهَبِ، فَأَحْلَفَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ وَجَدَ الْجَامَ بِمَكَّةَ، قَالُوا: اشْتَرَيْنَاهُ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ وَعَدِيٍّ، فَقَامَ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ السَّهْمِيِّ، فَحَلَفَا لَشَهَادَتُنَا أَحَقُّ مِنْ شَهَادَتِهِمَا، وَأَنَّ الْجَامَ لِصَاحِبِهِمْ قَالَ: فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِمْ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦] \"، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ آدَمَ،\n\n١٩٩٥٠ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ","vol":"14","page":281},{"text":"١٩٩٥١ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرِ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ \" أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ الْيَهُودِ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، أَوْ قَالَ: شَهَادَةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ \"، فَإِنَّهُ غَلَطٌ ⦗٢٨٢⦘\n\n١٩٩٥٢ - وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: «كَانَ شُرَيْحٌ يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ كُلِّ مِلَّةٍ عَلَى مِلَّتِهَا، وَلَا يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ الْيَهُودِيِّ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيِّ، وَلَا النَّصْرَانِيِّ عَلَى الْيَهُودِيِّ إِلَّا الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُجِيزُ شَهَادَتَهُمْ عَلَى الْمِلَلِ كُلِّهَا»،\n\n١٩٩٥٣ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ","vol":"14","page":281},{"text":"١٩٩٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، «إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فِي أَرْضِ غُرْبَةٍ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مُسْلِمًا، فَأَشْهَدَ مِنْ غَيْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَاهِدَيْنِ فَشَهَادَتُهُمَا جَائِزَةٌ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ مُسْلِمَانِ فَشَهِدَا بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ أُخِذَ بِهِمَا»\n\n١٩٩٥٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُ «كَانَ لَا يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ يَهُودِيٍّ، وَلَا نَصْرَانِيٍّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ، وَلَا يُجِيزُهَا فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ إِلَّا فِي السَّفَرِ»\n\n١٩٩٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ فِي «شَهَادَةِ نَصْرَانِيَّيْنِ عَلَى وَصِيَّةِ مُسْلِمٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ مَوْتَهُ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَأَحْلَفَهُمَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، وَأَجَازَ شَهَادَتَهُمَا»،\n\n١٩٩٥٧ - وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ يُخَالِفُ مَذْهَبَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي شَهَادَةِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ","vol":"14","page":282},{"text":"١٩٩٥٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ الْيَمَامِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ مِلَّةٍ إِلَّا مِلَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، فَإِنَّهَا تَجُوزُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِمْ» ⦗٢٨٣⦘،\n\n١٩٩٥٩ - فَلَمْ نَرَ أَنْ نَحْتَجَّ بِهِ لِضَعْفِ حَالِ عُمَرَ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ النَّقْلِ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ","vol":"14","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1373>الْقَضَاءُ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ</span>","vol":"14","page":284},{"text":"١٩٩٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ ⦗٢٨٥⦘ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ \"\n\n١٩٩٦١ - قَالَ عَمْرٌو: فِي الْأَمْوَالِ\n\n١٩٩٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ثَابِتٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَرُدُّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِثْلَهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ، مَعَ أَنَّ مَعَهَ غَيْرُهُ مِمَّا يَشُدُّهُ\n\n١٩٩٦٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، مِنْهُمْ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ،\n\n١٩٩٦٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"14","page":284},{"text":"١٩٩٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، حَدَّثَنِي سَيْفُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَكِّيُّ قَالَ ⦗٢٨٦⦘: حَدَّثَنِي قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَضَى بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْحُبَابِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْحُبَابِ","vol":"14","page":285},{"text":"١٩٩٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو تُرَابٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: \" قَالَ لِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ: لَوْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ سَيْفَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ، يَرْوِي حَدِيثَ الْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ لَأَفْسَدْتُهُ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ، قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِذَا أَفْسَدْتَهُ فَسَدَ \"\n\n١٩٩٦٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: سَيْفُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَكِّيُّ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ الَّذِينَ احْتَجَّ بِهِمُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِمَّنْ جَمَعَ الصَّحِيحَ","vol":"14","page":286},{"text":"١٩٩٦٨ - وَقَدْ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: \" سَأَلْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانَ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ عِنْدِي ثَبْتًا مِمَّنْ يَصْدُقُ وَيَحْفَظُ \" ⦗٢٨٧⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحَفِيدُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n١٩٩٦٩ - وَرَأَيْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيَّ رَحِمَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاهُ أَنْكَرَهُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّهُ لَا يَعْلَمُ قَيْسًا، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارِ بِشَيْءٍ، وَالَّذِي يَقْتَضِيهِ مَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ الْحِفْظِ وَالْفِقْهِ فِي قَبُولِ الْأَخْبَارِ أَنَّهُ مَتَى مَا كَانَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ثِقَةً، وَالرَّاوِي عَنْهُ ثِقَةً، ثُمَّ يَرْوِي عَنْ شَيْخٍ يَحْتَمِلُهُ سِنُّهُ وَلُقِيُّهُ، وَكَانَ غَيْرَ مَعْرُوفٍ بِالتَّدْلِيسِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مَقْبُولًا،\n\n١٩٩٧٠ - وَقَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ مَكِّيٌّ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ مَكِّيٌّ، وَقَدْ رَوَى قَيْسٌ، عَنْ مَنْ، هُوَ أَكْبَرُ سِنًّا، وَأَقْدَمُ مَوْتًا مِنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، وَمُجَاهِدِ بْنِ جَبْرٍ، وَرَوَى عَنْ عَمْرٍو مَا كَانَ فِي قَرْنِ قَيْسٍ وَأَقْدَمَ لُقْيًا مِنْهُ: أَيُّوبُ بْنُ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ، فَإِنَّهُ رَأَى أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، ثُمَّ رَوَى عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، فَمِنْ أَيْنَ جَاءَ إِنْكَارُ رِوَايَةِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ عَمْرٍو،\n\n١٩٩٧١ - غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ، مَا يُخَالِفُ مَذْهَبَ هَذَا الشَّيْخِ، وَلَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ أَنْ يَطْعَنَ فِيهِ بِوَجْهٍ آخَرَ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مُنْكَرٌ،\n\n١٩٩٧٢ - وَقَدْ رَوَى جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ حُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَقَصَتْهُ نَاقَتُهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ. . . فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ⦗٢٨٨⦘،\n\n١٩٩٧٣ - فَقَدْ عَلِمْنَا قَيْسًا، رَوَى عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، غَيْرَ حَدِيثِ الْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ، فَلَا يَضُرُّنَا جَهْلُ غَيْرِنَا،\n\n١٩٩٧٤ - ثُمَّ تَابَعَ قَيْسَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ هَذِهِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الطَّائِفِيُّ","vol":"14","page":286},{"text":"١٩٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»،\n\n١٩٩٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَسَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، بِإِسْنَادِ قَيْسٍ وَمَعْنَاهُ\n\n١٩٩٧٧ - قَالَ سَلَمَةُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: قَالَ عَمْرٌو: فِي الْحُقُوقِ،\n\n١٩٩٧٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"14","page":288},{"text":"١٩٩٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرَجُلٍ، آخَرَ سَمَّاهُ فَلَا يَحْضُرُنِي ذِكْرُ اسْمِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":288},{"text":"١٩٩٨٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، مِنْهَا مَا ⦗٢٨٩⦘: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ سَعْدٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":288},{"text":"١٩٩٨١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: ذَكَرَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ: شَهِدَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «أَمَرَ عَمْرَو بْنَ حَزْمٍ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":289},{"text":"١٩٩٨٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَنَافِعُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ كِتَابًا فِي كُتُبِ آبَائِهِ: هَذَا مَا رَفَعَ أَوْ ذَكَرَ عَمْرُو بْنُ حَزْمٍ، وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَالَا: «بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ رَجُلَانِ يَخْتَصِمَانِ مَعَ أَحَدِهِمَا شَاهِدٌ لَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمِينَ صَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ، فَاقْتَطَعَ بِذَلِكَ حَقَّهُ»","vol":"14","page":289},{"text":"١٩٩٨٣ - وَمِنْهَا مَا ⦗٢٩٠⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»\n\n١٩٩٨٤ - قَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِسُهَيْلٍ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي رَبِيعَةُ وَهُوَ عِنْدِي ثِقَةٌ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ إِيَّاهُ وَلَا أَحْفَظُهُ قَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ: وَقَدْ كَانَ أَصَابَ سُهَيْلًا عِلَّةٌ أَذْهَبَتْ بَعْضَ عَقْلِهِ، وَنَسِيَ بَعْضَ حَدِيثِهِ، وَكَانَ سُهَيْلٌ بَعْدُ، يُحَدِّثُهُ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ\n\n١٩٩٨٥ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ،\n\n١٩٩٨٦ - أَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، وَرَبِيعَةُ ثِقَةٌ حُجَّةٌ،\n\n١٩٩٨٧ - وَقَدْ يَنْسَى الْمُحَدِّثُ حَدِيثَهُ فَلَا يَقْدَحُ ذَلِكَ فِي سَمَاعِ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُ قَبْلَ النِّسْيَانِ","vol":"14","page":289},{"text":"١٩٩٨٨ - هَذَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، يَرْوِي عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:  «كُنْتُ أَعْرِفُ انْقِضَاءَ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ» قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُهُ لِأَبِي مَعْبَدٍ بَعْدُ، فَقَالَ: لَمْ أُحَدِّثْكَهُ قَالَ عَمْرٌو: وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِيهِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْدَقِ مَوَالِي ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ⦗٢٩١⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n١٩٩٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَانَ نَسِيَهُ بَعْدَ مَا حَدَّثَهُ إِيَّاهُ\n\n١٩٩٩٠ - وَلِهَذَا أَمْثَالٌ كَثِيرَةٌ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا بَعْضَهَا فِي كِتَابِ الْمَدْخَلِ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n١٩٩٩١ - وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ","vol":"14","page":290},{"text":"١٩٩٩٢ - وَمِنْهَا مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ يُنَاظِرُهُ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: رَوَى الثَّقَفِيُّ وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»،\n\n١٩٩٩٣ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ لِذَهَابِ بَعْضِ الْحُفَّاظِ إِلَى كَوْنِهِ غَلَطًا ⦗٢٩٢⦘،\n\n١٩٩٩٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ مِنْهُمْ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيِّ، وَهِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي حَيَّةَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n١٩٩٩٥ - وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ،\n\n١٩٩٩٦ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"14","page":291},{"text":"١٩٩٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ عُتَيْبَةَ، يَسْأَلُ أَبِي - وَقَدْ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى جِدَارِ الْقَبْرِ لَيَقُومَ - أَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَقَضَى بِهَا عَلِيٌّ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ»\n\n١٩٩٩٨ - قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ: قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ: «فِي الدَّيْنِ»","vol":"14","page":292},{"text":"١٩٩٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ وَالشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":292},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ: «فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِشَاهِدٍ حَلَفَ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ» ⦗٢٩٣⦘\n\n٢٠٠٠١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ","vol":"14","page":292},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو مَوْلَى الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":293},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَهُوَ عَامِلٌ لَهُ بِالْكُوفَةِ «أَنِ اقْضِ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":293},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهُوَ عَامِلُهُ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ «أَنِ اقْضِ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ، فَإِنَّهَا السُّنَّةُ»\n\n٢٠٠٠٥ - قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ كُبَرَائِهِمْ فَقَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا قَضَى بِهَذَا فِي هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ","vol":"14","page":293},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٦ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ: خَاصَمْتُ إِلَى الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي مُوَضِّحَةٍ، فَشَهِدَ الْقَائِسُ أَنَّهَا مُوَضِّحَةٌ، فَقَالَ الشَّاجُّ لِلشَّعْبِيِّ: أَتَقْبَلُ عَلَيَّ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ؟ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: «قَدْ شَهِدَ الْقَائِسُ أَنَّهَا مُوَضِّحَةٌ، وَيَحْلِفُ الْمَشْجُوجُ عَلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ» قَالَ فَقَضَى الشَّعْبِيُّ فِيهَا","vol":"14","page":294},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذُكِرَ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، أَنَّ الشَّعْبِيَّ، قَالَ: إِنَّ  «أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ يَقْضُونَ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":294},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، وَأَبَا سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ سُئِلَا: أَيُقْضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ؟ فَقَالَا: «نَعَمْ»","vol":"14","page":294},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذَكَرَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا  «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":294},{"text":"٢٠٠١٠ - وَذَكَرَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،  «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":294},{"text":"٢٠٠١١ - قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: خَاصَمْتُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ  «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":294},{"text":"٢٠٠١٢ - قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الْمَاجِشُونُ، عَنْ زُرَيْقِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أُخْبِرُهُ أَنِّي لَمْ أَجِدِ الْيَمِينَ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ إِلَّا بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ: «أَنِ اقْضِ بِهَا فَإِنَّهَا السُّنَّةُ»","vol":"14","page":294},{"text":"٢٠٠١٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَذُكِرَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ،  «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»","vol":"14","page":295},{"text":"٢٠٠١٤ - وَعَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُدَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ قَالَ: «قَضَى زُرَارَةُ بْنُ أَبِي أَوْفَى، فَقَضَى بِشَهَادَتِي وَحْدِي»","vol":"14","page":295},{"text":"٢٠٠١٥ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا  «أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا وَحْدَهُ»","vol":"14","page":295},{"text":"٢٠٠١٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمُرَ، أَنَّهُ «كَانَ يَقْضِي بِشَهَادَةِ شَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ»،\n\n٢٠٠١٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَ","vol":"14","page":295},{"text":"٢٠٠١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا كُلْثُومُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: «أَدْرَكْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ حَبِيبٍ وَالزُّهْرِيَّ يَقْضِيَانِ بِذَلِكَ،\n\n٢٠٠١٩ - يَعْنِي بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ»\n\n٢٠٠٢٠ - وَقَالَ كُلْثُومٌ: وَكَانَ أَبُو ثَابِتٍ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَاضِي أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً، يَقْضِي بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ، ⦗٢٩٦⦘\n\n٢٠٠٢١ - وَحَكَاهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ","vol":"14","page":295},{"text":"٢٠٠٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀:  «فَخَالَفَنَا فِي الْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ مَعَ ثُبُوتِهَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ» وَذَكَرَ الْجَوَابَ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا، وَنَقْلُهَا هُنَا مِمَّا يَطُولُ بِهِ الْكِتَابُ\n\n٢٠٠٢٣ - وَمِمَّا حَكَى عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَإِنَّ مِمَّا رَدَدْنَا بِهِ الْيَمِينَ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ: أَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ أَنْكَرَهَا\n\n٢٠٠٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَقَدْ قَضَى بِهَا الزُّهْرِيُّ حِينَ وَلِيَ، فَلَوْ كَانَ أَنْكَرَهَا ثُمَّ عَرَفَهَا وَكَتَبَ: إِنَّمَا اقْتَدَيْتُ بِهِ فِيهَا، كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ أَثْبَتَ لَهَا عِنْدَكَ أَنْ تَقْضِيَ بِهَا بَعْدَ إِنْكَارِهَا، وَتَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَنْكَرَهَا غَيْرَ عَارِفٍ وَقَضَى بِهَا مُسْتَفِيدًا عِلْمَهَا، ثُمَّ نَاقَضَهُمْ بِإِنْكَارِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ حَدِيثَ بِرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ، وَمَعَ عَلِيٍّ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ بِحَدِيثِ بِرْوَعَ، وَبِإِنْكَارِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ عَلَى عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ تَيَمُّمَ الْجُنُبِ وَمَعَ عُمَرَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَقَدْ قُلْنَا بِتَيَمُّمِ الْجُنُبِ، وَبِإِنْكَارِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ صَلَاةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ، وَبِهِ كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَفُتِي، وَقَدْ قُلْنَا بِحَدِيثِ بِلَالٍ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى فِيهَا\n\n٢٠٠٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا كَانَ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَا يُبْطِلُ قَوْلَ مَنْ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ، كَأَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ إِذَا لَمْ يُدْرِكْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْلَى بِأَنْ لَا يُوهَنَ بِهِ حَدِيثُ مَنْ حَدَّثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: احْتَجَّ بِهِ أَصْحَابُنَا وَبِأَنَّ عَطَاءً أَنْكَرَهَا","vol":"14","page":296},{"text":"٢٠٠٢٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالزَّنْجِيُّ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا رَجْعَةَ إِلَّا بِشَاهِدَيْنِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ عُذْرٌ، فَيَأْتِيَ بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَحْلِفَ ⦗٢٩٧⦘ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ»، فَعَطَاءٌ يُفْتِي بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فِيمَا لَا يَقُولُ بِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، وَلَوْ أَنْكَرَهَا عَطَاءٌ هَلْ كَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ إِلَّا كَهِيَ فِي الزُّهْرِيِّ. . .، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَإِنَّهُ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ أَنَّ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ شَهِدَ بِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ، فَسَأَلْتُ مَنْ أَخْبَرَهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَأْتِي بِخَبَرٍ ضَعِيفٍ لَا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَنَا مِثْلُهُ وَلَا عِنْدَهُ، ثُمَّ أَبْطَلَهُ بِأَنَّهُ أَخْلَفَ صَاحِبَ الْحَقِّ مَعَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ يَقُومُ مَقَامَ شَاهِدَيْنِ لَمْ يَحْلِفْ صَاحِبُ الْحَقِّ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حُجَّتَهُمْ بِالْآيَةِ، وَبِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ»، فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٠٠٢٧ - وَرَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»\n\n٢٠٠٢٨ - وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ «قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ»\n\n٢٠٠٢٩ - وَرَوَى ذَلِكَ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.\n\n٢٠٠٣٠ - وَرَوَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٢٠٠٣١ - فَرَدَدْتَهُ، وَهُوَ أَكْثَرُ وَأَثْبَتُ، وَثَبَّتَّهَا وَثَبَّتَّ مَعَنَا الَّذِي هُوَ دُونَهُ\n\n٢٠٠٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّبَيْبِ الْعَنْبَرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٢٠٠٣٣ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٢٩٨⦘، فَحَدِيثُ الْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ أَكْثَرُ رُوَاةً كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"14","page":296},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1374>مَوْضِعُ الْيَمِينِ</span>","vol":"14","page":299},{"text":"٢٠٠٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هَاشِمِ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نِسْطَاسٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِي هَذَا بِيَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ تَبَوَّأَ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ»،\n\n٢٠٠٣٥ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو ضَمْرَةَ، وَأَبُو زَيْدِ بْنُ شُجَاعِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ هَاشِمٍ، وَقَالَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ","vol":"14","page":299},{"text":"٢٠٠٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ لَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ عِنْدَ مِنْبَرِي عَلَى يَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ وَلَوْ سِوَاكٍ رَطْبٍ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ»،\n\n٢٠٠٣٧ - هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ","vol":"14","page":299},{"text":"٢٠٠٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْحِزَامِيُّ، عَنْ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُسَاحِقٍ الْعَامِرِيِّ ⦗٣٠٠⦘، عَنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ قَالَ:  «كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ﵁ أَنِ ابْعَثَ إِلَيَّ بِقَيْسِ بْنِ مَكْشُوحٍ فِي وَثَاقٍ، فَأُحْلِفَهُ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا عِنْدَ مِنْبَرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا قَتَلَ دَاذَوَيْهِ»،\n\n٢٠٠٣٩ - وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ نَثِقُ بِهِ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُسَاحِقٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ","vol":"14","page":299},{"text":"٢٠٠٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا غَطَفَانَ بْنَ طَرِيفٍ الْمُرِّيَّ قَالَ: \" اخْتَصَمَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَابْنُ مُطِيعٍ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فِي دَارٍ، فَقَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ عَلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: احْلِفْ لَهُ مَكَانِي، فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ لَا وَاللَّهِ إِلَّا عِنْدَ مَقَاطِعِ الْحُقُوقِ، فَجَعَلَ زَيْدٌ يَحْلِفُ إِنَّ حَقَّهُ لَحَقٌّ وَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَحْلِفَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَجَعَلَ مَرْوَانُ يَعْجَبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ \"\n\n٢٠٠٤١ - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: كَرِهَ زَيْدٌ صَبْرَ الْيَمِينِ\n\n٢٠٠٤٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، حَلَفَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فِي خُصُومَةٍ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ\n\n٢٠٠٤٣ - وَأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ رُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَاتَّقَاهَا وَافْتَدَى مِنْهَا، وَقَالَ: أَخَافُ أَنْ يُوَافِقَ قَدْرٌ بَلَاءً فَيُقَالُ: بِيَمِينِهِ\n\n٢٠٠٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ مِمَّا لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا فِي قَدِيمٍ وَلَا حَدِيثٍ عَلِمْتُهُ","vol":"14","page":300},{"text":"٢٠٠٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: وَمِنْ حُجَّتِهِمْ فِيهِ مَعَ إِجْمَاعِهِمْ - يُرِيدُ حُكَّامَ الْمَكِّيِّينَ - أَنَّ مُسْلِمًا، وَالْقَدَّاحَ أَخْبَرَانِي، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ رَأَى قَوْمًا يَحْلِفُونَ بَيْنَ الْمَقَامِ وَالْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ: «أَعَلَى دَمٍ؟»، فَقَالُوا: لَا قَالَ: «فَعَلَى عَظِيمٍ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ؟»، قَالُوا: لَا قَالَ: «لَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنَّ يَبْهَى النَّاسُ هَذَا الْمُقَامَ»\n\n٢٠٠٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَذَهَبُوا إِلَى أَنَّ الْعَظِيمَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ مَا وَصَفْتُ: مِنْ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا فَصَاعِدًا\n\n٢٠٠٤٧ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: يُحْلَفُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ عَلَى رُبْعِ دِينَارٍ،\n\n٢٠٠٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا نَقُولُ بِهَذَا","vol":"14","page":301},{"text":"٢٠٠٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَى الَّذِينَ خَالَفُونَا فِي هَذَا حَدِيثًا يُثْبِتُونَهُ عِنْدَهُمْ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَعَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ «حَلَّفَ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْيَمِينِ فَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الْحِجْرَ فَأَحْلَفَهُمْ»،\n\n٢٠٠٥٠ - فَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَكَيْفَ أَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْنَا أَنْ نُحَلِّفَ مَنْ بِمَكَّةَ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْمَقَامِ، وَمَنْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، وَنَحْنُ لَا نَجْلِبُ أَحَدًا مِنْ بَلَدِهِ\n\n٢٠٠٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَى هَذَا عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ","vol":"14","page":301},{"text":"٢٠٠٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَعَابَ عَلَيْنَا الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ زَيْدًا أَنْكَرَ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ؟ قُلْتُ لَهُ: زَيْدٌ مِنْ أَكْرَمِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ، فَأَجْزَأَهُمْ أَنْ يَقُولَ لَهُ مَا أَرَادَهُ، وَيَرْجِعَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ⦗٣٠٢⦘،\n\n٢٠٠٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ زَيْدًا دَخَلَ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ، فَقَالَ: «أَيَحِلُّ بَيْعُ الرِّبَا؟»، فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَتَبَايَعُونَ بِالصُّكُوكِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضُوهَا»، فَبَعَثَ عُثْمَانُ حَرَسًا يَرُدُّونَهَا \"\n\n٢٠٠٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَوْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ زَيْدٌ أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَيْهِ لَقَالَ لِمَرْوَانَ: مَا هَذَا عَلَيَّ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ،\n\n٢٠٠٥٥ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الِاسْتِحْلَافِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]، وَقَالَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ: صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ\n\n٢٠٠٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَوْ أَحْلَفَهُمَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ مَا خَانَا»","vol":"14","page":301},{"text":"٢٠٠٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُؤَمَّلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ فِي جَارِيَتَيْنِ ضَرَبَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى وَلَا شَاهِدَ عَلَيْهِمَا، فَكَتَبَ: \" أَنِ احْبِسْهُمَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ اقْرَأْ عَلَيْهِمَا: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٧] \"، فَفَعَلْتُ، فَاعْتَرَفَتْ","vol":"14","page":302},{"text":"٢٠٠٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «وَقَدْ كَانَ مِنْ حَكَّامِ الْآفَاقِ مَنْ يَسْتَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْمُصْحَفِ»، وَذَلِكَ عِنْدِي حَسَنٌ ⦗٣٠٣⦘.\n\n٢٠٠٥٩ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا أَحْفَظُهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَمَرَ بِأَنْ يُحْلَفَ عَلَى الْمُصْحَفِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرَأَيْتُ مُطَرِّفَ بِصَنْعَاءَ يُحَلِّفُ عَلَى الْمُصْحَفِ","vol":"14","page":302},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1375>التَّغْلِيظُ فِي الْيَمِينِ الْفَاجِرَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":304},{"text":"٢٠٠٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَامِعِ بْنِ أَبِي رَاشِدٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَعْيَنَ، سَمِعَا أَبَا وَائِلٍ، يُخْبِرُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ»، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَلَيْنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٧] الْآيَةَ، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"14","page":304},{"text":"٢٠٠٦١ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ حَقَّ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينِهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ ⦗٣٠٥⦘، وَأَوْجَبَ لَهُ النَّارَ»، قَالُوا: وَإِنْ كَانَ يَسِيرًا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ كَانَ قَضِيبًا مِنْ أَرَاكٍ» قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ","vol":"14","page":304},{"text":"٢٠٠٦٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدًا، عَنْ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ»، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ كَانَ سِوَاكًا مِنْ أَرَاكٍ»\n\n٢٠٠٦٣ - وَفِي مَسَائِلِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَفْتَدِيَ الرَّجُلُ يَمِينَهُ بِالشَّيْءِ يُعْطِيهِ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْتَحْلِفَهُ، وَقَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n٢٠٠٦٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ يَمِينَهُ، وَعَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمٍ، أَنَّهُ فَدَى يَمِينَهُ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ\n\n٢٠٠٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ: وَيَحْلِفُ الذِّمِّيُّونَ فِي بَيْعِهِمْ وَحَيْثُ يُعَظِّمُونَ، وَعَلَى التَّوْرَاةِ، وَالْإِنْجِيلِ، وَمَا عَظَّمُوا مِنْ كُتُبِهِمْ\n\n٢٠٠٦٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ الرَّجْمِ: فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى مَا تَجِدُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ مِنَ الْعُقُوبَةِ عَلَى مَنْ زَنَا وَقَدْ أُحْصِنَ؟» ⦗٣٠٦⦘\n\n٢٠٠٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيَحْلِفُ الرَّجُلُ فِي حَقِّ نَفْسِهِ عَلَى الْبَتِّ، وَعَلَى عِلْمِهِ فِي أَبِيهِ. . .، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي شَرْحِهِ","vol":"14","page":305},{"text":"٢٠٠٦٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ حَلَّفَهُ: «احْلِفْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَّا هُوَ مَا لَهُ عِنْدَكَ شَيْءٌ» - يَعْنِي لِلْمُدَّعِي -","vol":"14","page":306},{"text":"٢٠٠٦٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ كِنْدَةَ، وَرَجُلًا مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَرْضٍ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرْضِي اغْتَصَبَهَا أَبُو هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ لِلْكِنْدِيِّ: «مَا تَقُولُ؟» قَالَ: أَقُولُ: إِنَّهَا أَرْضِي وَفِي يَدِي، وَرِثْتُهَا مِنْ أَبِي، فَقَالَ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ: «هَلْ لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟» قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ يَحْلِفُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا أَرْضِي اغْتَصَبَهَا أَبُوهُ، فَتَهَيَّأَ الْكِنْدِيُّ لِلْيَمِينِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّهُ لَا يَقْتَطِعُ رَجُلٌ مَالًا بِيَمِينِهِ إِلَّا لَقِيَ اللَّهَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُوَ أَجْذَمُ»، فَرَدَّهَا الْكِنْدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْكِنْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي كُرْدُوسٌ التَّغْلِبِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":306},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1376>مَنْ بَدَأَ فَحَلَفَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحَلِّفَهُ الْحَاكِمُ، أَعَادَ الْحَاكِمُ عَلَيْهِ الْيَمِينَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ يَمِينُهُ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ الْحُكْمِ بِهَا</span>","vol":"14","page":307},{"text":"٢٠٠٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: فَالْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ عُجَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ رُكَانَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي أَلْبَتَّةَ، وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً؟»، فَقَالَ رُكَانَةُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً، فَرَدَّهَا إِلَيْهِ\n\n٢٠٠٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا حَلَّفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ رُكَانَةَ فِي الطَّلَاقِ فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ فِي الطَّلَاقِ كَمَا هِيَ فِي غَيْرِهِ","vol":"14","page":307},{"text":"٢٠٠٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «إِذَا ادَّعَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الطَّلَاقَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا، فَتَنَاكَرَا، فَيَمِينُهُ بِاللَّهِ مَا فَعَلَ»","vol":"14","page":307},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1377>الْبَيِّنَةُ بَعْدَ الْيَمِينِ</span>","vol":"14","page":308},{"text":"٢٠٠٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمُدَّعِي: إِذَا سَأَلَ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ لَهُ الْمُدَّعِي أَحْلَفَهُ لَهُ الْقَاضِي، فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ أَخَذَ لَهُ بِهَا، وَكَانَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ الْعَادِلَةُ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْيَمِينِ الْفَاجِرَةِ،\n\n٢٠٠٧٤ - وَحَكَى فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَشُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَقُولَانِ:  «الْيَمِينُ الْفَاجِرَةُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تُرَدَّ مِنَ الْبَيِّنَةِ الْعَادِلَةِ»","vol":"14","page":308},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1378>النُّكُولُ وَرَدُّ الْيَمِينِ</span>","vol":"14","page":309},{"text":"٢٠٠٧٥ - احْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِآيَةِ اللِّعَانِ كَمَا نَقَلَهُ الْمُزَنِيُّ ﵀،\n\n٢٠٠٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ⦗٣١٠⦘ أَبِي لَيْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، أَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُ، وَرِجَالًا مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِحُوَيِّصَةَ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: «تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ» قَالُوا: لَا قَالَ: «فَتَحْلِفُ يَهُودُ»","vol":"14","page":309},{"text":"٢٠٠٧٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَالثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَبَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «بَدَأَ بِالْأَنْصَارِيَّيْنِ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا رَدَّ الْأَيْمَانَ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ»،\n\n٢٠٠٧٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِمْ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ ⦗٣١١⦘،\n\n٢٠٠٧٩ - هَكَذَا رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارَ هَاهُنَا مُخْتَصَرَةً وَقَدْ سَاقَهَا بِمُتُونِهَا فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسَامَةِ، وَحَمَلَ هَاهُنَا حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ عَلَى حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَكَذَلِكَ فَعَلَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ؛ لِأَنَّ سُفْيَانَ كَانَ يَشُكُّ فِيهِ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنَا ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسَامَةِ","vol":"14","page":310},{"text":"٢٠٠٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ: قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ لَيْثٍ أَجْرَى فَرَسًا فَوَطِئَ عَلَى إِصْبَعِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ فَنُزِيَ مِنْهَا فَمَاتَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِلَّذِينَ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ: \" تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا مَا مَاتَ مِنْهَا، فَأَبَوْا وَتَحَرَّجُوا عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ، فَقَالَ لِلْآخَرِينَ: احْلِفُوا أَنْتُمْ فَأَبَوْا \"،\n\n٢٠٠٨١ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَدْ رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْأَنْصَارِيَّيْنِ يَسْتَحِقُّونَ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا حَوَّلَهَا عَلَى الْيَهُودِ يَبْرَؤُنَ بِهَا، وَرَأَى عُمَرُ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى اللَّيْثِيِّينَ يَبْرَؤُنَ بِهَا، فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا حَوَّلَهَا عَلَى الْجُهَنِيِّينَ يَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِهَا، فَكُلُّ هَذَا تَحْوِيلُ يَمِينٍ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ قَدْ رُئِيَتْ فِيهِ إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يُخَالِفُهُ، فَهَذَا وَمَا أَدْرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ قُلْنَا فِي رَدِّ الْيَمِينِ،\n\n٢٠٠٨٢ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَأَمْضَيْتُ سُنَّتَهُ فِي رَدِّ الْيَمِينِ عَلَى مَا جَاءَتْ، وَسُنَّتَهُ فِي الْبَيِّنَةِ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينِ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ عَلَى مَا جَاءَتْ فِيهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: رَدُّ الْيَمِينِ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ بَيَانُ أَنَّ النُّكُولَ كَالْإِقْرَارِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ النُّكُولِ شَيْءٌ يُصَدِّقُهُ،\n\n٢٠٠٨٣ - زَادَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَيْهِ يَبْرَأُ بِهَا إِنْ حَلَفَ، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ بَيِّنَةٌ لَا أَنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَحْلِفْ لَزِمَهُ مَا ادَّعَى عَلَيْهِ،\n\n٢٠٠٨٤ - ثُمَّ نَاقَضَهُمْ فِي الْجَدِيدِ بِالْقَصَاصِ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَجْعَلُوا النُّكُولَ فِيهِ، وَلَا فِي الْحُدُودِ كَالْإِقْرَارِ","vol":"14","page":311},{"text":"٢٠٠٨٥ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الْفُرَاتِ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «رَدَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى طَالِبِ الْحَقِّ»،\n\n٢٠٠٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدَ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَسْرُوقٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٠٠٨٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ الْهَرَوِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،\n\n٢٠٠٨٨ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَهُوَ غَرِيبٌ وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ مَنْ يُجْهَلُ، وَفِيمَا مَضَى كِفَايَةٌ","vol":"14","page":312},{"text":"٢٠٠٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ضُمَيْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْيَمِينُ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيِّنَةٌ فَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ نَكَلَ حَلَفَ الْمُدَّعِي»","vol":"14","page":312},{"text":"٢٠٠٩٠ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: «الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَوْلَى بِالْيَمِينِ، فَإِنْ نَكَلَ أُحْلِفَ صَاحِبُ الْحَقِّ وَأَخَذَ»،\n\n٢٠٠٩١ - وَهُوَ فِي كِتَابِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ","vol":"14","page":312},{"text":"٢٠٠٩٢ - وَفِي كِتَابِ «الْمَخْرَجِ» لِأَبِي الْوَلِيدِ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ وَفِيهِ إِرْسَالٌ: أَنَّ الْمِقْدَادَ اسْتَقْرَضَ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ﵁ سَبْعَةَ آلَافِ ⦗٣١٣⦘ دِرْهَمٍ، فَلَمَّا قَاضَاهُ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ، فَخَاصَمَهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ الْمِقْدَادُ أَحْلِفْهُ أَنَّهَا سَبْعَةَ آلَافٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «أَنْصَفَكَ»، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَحْلِفَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «خُذْ مَا أَعْطَاكَ»","vol":"14","page":312},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1379>الشَّهَادَاتُ</span>","vol":"14","page":314},{"text":"٢٠٠٩٣ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ:  «لَيْسَ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدٌ نَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَلِيلًا بِمَحْضِ الطَّاعَةِ وَالْمُرُوءَةِ حَتَّى لَا يَخْلِطَهَا بِمَعْصِيَةٍ، وَلَا تَرْكِ الْمُرُوءَةِ، وَلَا بِمَحْضِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ، وَتَرْكِ الْمُرُوءَةِ حَتَّى لَا يَخْلِطَهَا بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الطَّاعَةِ وَالْمُرُوءَةِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَغْلَبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْأَظْهَرُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ الطَّاعَةَ وَالْمُرُوءَةَ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ، وَإِذَا كَانَ الْأَغْلَبُ الْأَظْهَرُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ الْمَعْصِيَةَ وَخِلَافَ الْمُرُوءَةِ رُدَّتْ شَهَادَتُهُ، وَكُلُّ مَنْ كَانَ مُقِيمًا عَلَى مَعْصِيَةٍ فِيهَا حَدٌّ فَلَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ، وَكُلُّ مَنْ كَانَ مُنْكَشِفَ الْحَالِ فِي الْكَذِبِ مُظْهِرَهُ غَيْرَ مُسْتَتِرٍ بِهِ لَمْ تَجُزْ شَهَادَتُهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ مَنْ جُرِّبَ بِشَهَادَةِ زُورٍ»","vol":"14","page":314},{"text":"٢٠٠٩٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ الرَّازِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْفَضْلِ بْنَ مُهَاجِرٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ \" وَسُئِلَ: مَنِ الْعَدْلُ؟ قَالَ: مَا أَحَدٌ يُطِيعُ اللَّهَ حَتَّى لَا يَعْصِيَهُ، وَمَا أَحَدٌ يَعْصِي اللَّهَ حَتَّى لَا يُطِيعَهُ، وَلَكِنْ إِذَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُ عَمَلِهِ الطَّاعَةَ، وَلَا يُقْدِمُ عَلَى كَبِيرَةٍ فَهُوَ عَدْلٌ \"،\n\n٢٠٠٩٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَمْرِو بْنَ مَطَرٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُوسَى بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُؤْمِنِ الْبُسْتِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"14","page":314},{"text":"٢٠٠٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنَ سُرَيْجٍ، يَقُولُ: وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صِفَةِ الْعَدَالَةِ، فَقَالَ: «يَكُونُ حُرًّا مُسْلِمًا بَالِغًا عَاقِلًا، غَيْرَ مُرْتَكِبٍ لَكَبِيرَةٍ، وَلَا مُصِرٍّ عَلَى صَغِيرَةٍ، وَلَا يَكُونُ تَارِكًا لِلْمُرُوءَةِ فِي غَالِبِ الْعَادَةِ» ⦗٣١٥⦘،\n\n٢٠٠٩٧ - وَهَذَا تَلْخِيصُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀","vol":"14","page":314},{"text":"٢٠٠٩٨ - وَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «الْعَدْلُ يَكُونُ جَائِزَ الشَّهَادَةِ فِي أُمُورٍ، مَرْدُودًا فِي أُمُورٍ، إِذَا شَهِدَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ يَجُرُّ بِهَا إِلَى نَفْسِهِ زِيَادَةً أَوْ يَدْفَعُ بِهَا عَنْ نَفْسِهِ غُرْمًا، أَوْ إِلَى وَالِدِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ، أَوْ يَدْفَعُ بِهَا عَنْهُمَا، وَمَوَاضِعُ الظِّنِّينِ سِوَاهُمَا يَعْنِي فَهُوَ مَرْدُودُهَا»","vol":"14","page":315},{"text":"٢٠٠٩٩ - وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ بِحَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ ذِي الظِّنَّةِ وَالْحِنَةِ»،\n\n٢٠١٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَزَادَ: وَالْجِنَّةُ\n\n٢٠١٠١ - قَالَ: وَالْجِنَّةُ: الْجُنُونُ، وَالْحِنَةُ: الَّذِي يَكُونُ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ.\n\n٢٠١٠٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، وَهُوَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي لَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا يَقُولُ بِخِلَافِهِ، وَلَا يُحْكَى عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عِنْدَنَا خِلَافُهُ، وَهَذَا قَوِّيٌ عِنْدَنَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْحَدِيثُ فِيهِ مُنْقَطِعًا\n\n٢٠١٠٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَّدَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذَا الْمُرْسَلَ بَأَنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُ بِهِ،\n\n٢٠١٠٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُنْقَطِعًا بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ","vol":"14","page":315},{"text":"٢٠١٠٥ - وَأَوْرَدَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي كِتَابِهِ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ مُنَادِيًا حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الثَّنِيَّةِ: «إِنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَصْمٍ، وَلَا ظِنِّينٍ»،\n\n٢٠١٠٦ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"14","page":316},{"text":"٢٠١٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «رَدَّ شَهَادَةَ الْخَائِنِ، وَالْخَائِنَةِ، وَذِي الْغِمْرِ عَلَى أَخِيهِ، وَرَدَّ شَهَادَةَ الْقَانِعِ لِأَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ، وَأَجَازَهَا لِغَيْرِهِمْ»","vol":"14","page":316},{"text":"٢٠١٠٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ يَعْنِي الرُّوذْبَارِيَّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَائِنٍ وَلَا خَائِنَةٍ، وَلَا زَانٍ وَلَا زَانِيَةٍ، وَلَا ذِي غِمْرٍ عَلَى أَخِيهِ»\n\n٢٠١٠٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: لَا نَرَاهُ خَصَّ بِهِ الْخِيَانَةَ فِي أَمَانَاتِ النَّاسِ دُونَ مَا افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ وَائْتَمَنَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ سَمَّى ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ أَمَانَةً، فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَخُونُوا اللَّهَ ⦗٣١٧⦘ وَالرَّسُولَ وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ، فَمَنْ ضَيَّعَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ، أَوْ رَكِبَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا نَهَاهُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، فَلَيْسَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ عَدْلًا لِأَنَّهُ لَزِمَهُ اسْمُ الْخِيَانَةِ\n\n٢٠١١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْوَالِدِ لِوَلَدِهِ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْهُ، فَكَأَنَّهُ شَهِدَ لِبَعْضِهِ، وَلَا لِآبَائِهِ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ آبَائِهِ، فَإِنَّمَا شَهِدَ لِشَيْءٍ هُوَ مِنْهُ قَالَ: وَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا أَعْرِفُ فِيهِ خِلَافًا\n\n٢٠١١١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ الْخِلَافَ فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا،\n\n٢٠١١٢ - وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا: أَبُو ثَوْرٍ، وَالْمُزَنِيُّ","vol":"14","page":316},{"text":"٢٠١١٣ - وَفِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي ذَلِكَ نَظَرٌ، فَمَشْهُورٌ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ:  «الْمُسْلِمُونَ عُدُولٌ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ إِلَّا مَجْلُودًا فِي حَدٍّ، أَوْ مُجَرَّبًا عَلَيْهِ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، أَوْ ظِنِّينًا فِي وَلَاءٍ أَوْ قَرَابَةٍ»\n\n٢٠١١٤ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: الظِّنِّينُ فِي الْوَلَاءِ وَالْقَرَابَةِ: الَّذِي يُتَّهَمُ بِالدَّعَاوِي إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ، أَوِ الْمُتَوَلِّي غَيْرَ مَوَالِيهِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ أَنِ اتُّهِمَ فِي شَهَادَتِهِ لِقَرِيبِهِ كَالْوَالِدِ لِلْوَلَدِ وَالْوَلَدِ لِلْوَالِدِ\n\n٢٠١١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِذَا لَمْ تَجُزْ شَهَادَتُهُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَوَلَدُهُ بَعْضٌ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ بَعْضُ وَلَدِهِ، فَكَيْفَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ لَهُ؟ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٢٠١١٦ - وَأَمَّا شَهَادَةُ الْأَخِ لِأَخِيهِ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ أَجَازَهَا، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ شُرَيْحٍ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَالنَّخْعِيِّ","vol":"14","page":317},{"text":"٢٠١١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى وَهُوَ ابْنُ شَيْبَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «أَبْطَلَ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ فِي كِذْبَةٍ كَذَبَهَا»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٠١١٨ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَلَهُ شَوَاهِدُ فِي ذَمِّ الْكَذِبِ","vol":"14","page":318},{"text":"٢٠١١٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ عُقْبَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَيْسَ الْكَذَّابُ بِالَّذِي يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَيَنْمِي خَيْرًا أَوْ يَقُولُ خَيْرًا»،\n\n٢٠١٢٠ - وَقَالَتْ: لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ يُرَخِّصُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ إِلَّا فِي ثَلَاثٍ: فِي الْحَرْبِ، وَالْإِصْلَاحِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَحَدِيثِ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَحَدِيثِ الْمَرْأَةِ زَوْجَهَا","vol":"14","page":318},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1380>شَهَادَةُ أَهْلِ الْأَهْوَاءِ </span>⦗٣٢٠⦘\n٢٠١٢١ - كَلَامُ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فِي كِتَابِ «أَدَبِ الْقَاضِي» يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى قَبُولِ شَهَادَتِهِمْ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُعْرَفُ بِاسْتِحْلَالِ شَهَادَةِ الزُّورِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ لِأَنَّهُ يَرَاهُ حَلَالَ الدَّمِ وَالْمَالِ، فَتُرَدَّ شَهَادَتُهُ بِالزُّورِ،\n\n٢٠١٢٢ - أَوْ يَكُونَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَسْتَحِلُّ الشَّهَادَةَ لِلرَّجُلِ إِذَا وَثِقَ بِهِ، فَيُحَلِّفَهُ لَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ، وَيَشْهَدَ لَهُ بِالْبَتِّ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يَحْضُرْهُ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ، فَتُرَدَّ شَهَادَتُهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ اسْتِحْلَالِهِ لِلشَّهَادَةِ بِالزُّورِ،\n\n٢٠١٢٣ - أَوْ يَكُونَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُبَايِنُ الرَّجُلَ الْمُخَالِفَ لَهُ مُبَايَنَةَ الْعَدَاوَةِ لَهُ، فَتُرَدَّ شَهَادَتُهُ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْعَدَاوَةِ،\n\n٢٠١٢٤ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَأَيُّهُمْ سَلِمَ مِنْ هَذَا أَجَزْتُ شَهَادَتَهُ،\n\n٢٠١٢٥ - وَشَهَادَةُ مَنْ يَرَى الْكَذِبَ شِرْكًا بِاللَّهِ أَوْ مَعْصِيَةً لَهُ وَيُوجِبُ عَلَيْهَا النَّارَ أَوْلَى أَنْ تَطِيبَ النَّفْسُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ شَهَادَةِ مَنْ يُخَفِّفُ الْمَأْثَمَ فِيهَا، وَكَأَنَّهُ لَا يَرَى بِكُفْرِهِمْ،\n\n٢٠١٢٦ - وَقَدْ حَكَيْنَا عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الدِّينِ أَنَّهُمْ كَفَّرُوا الْقَدَرِيَّةَ، وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ مِنْهُمْ صِفَاتِ اللَّهِ الذَّاتِيَّةَ نَحْوَ: الْكَلَامِ، وَالْعِلْمِ، وَالْقُدْرَةِ،\n\n٢٠١٢٧ - فَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِالتَّكْفِيرِ مَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ نَفْيِ الصِّفَاتِ الَّتِي أَثْبَتَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَفْسِهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَجُحُودِهِمْ لَهَا بِتَأْوِيلٍ بَعِيدٍ، وَلَمْ يُرِدْ كُفْرًا يَخْرُجُونَ بِهِ عَنِ الْمِلَّةِ لِاعْتِقَادِهِمْ إِثْبَاتَ مَا أَثْبَتَ اللَّهُ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا تَرَكُوا هَذَا الْأَصْلَ فِي بَعْضِ مَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ بِشُبْهَةٍ فَأَخْطَئُوا، كَمَا لَمْ يَخْرُجْ عَنِ الْمِلَّةِ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ إِثْبَاتَ الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ كَسَائِرِ السُّوَرِ، لِمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الشُّبْهَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٢٠١٢٨ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: «الْقَدَرِيَّةُ مَجُوسُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ» ⦗٣٢١⦘،\n\n٢٠١٢٩ - فَإِنَّمَا سَمَّاهُمْ مَجُوسًا لِمُضَاهَاةِ بَعْضِ مَا يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَيْهِ مَذَاهِبَ الْمَجُوسِ\n\n٢٠١٣٠ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَتَفْتَرِقُ أُمَّتِي عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً»\n\n٢٠١٣١ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀: فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْفِرَقَ كُلَّهَا غَيْرُ خَارِجِينَ مِنَ الدِّينِ؛ إِذِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَعَلَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ، وَأَنَّ الْمُتَأَوِّلَ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْمِلَّةِ، وَإِنْ أَخْطَأَ فِي تَأْوِيلِهِ\n\n٢٠١٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَازِمٍ الْعَبْدَوِيَّ يَقُولُ: لَمَّا قَرُبَ حُضُورُ أَجَلِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ﵀ فِي دَارِي بِبَغْدَادَ دَعَانِي، فَأَتَيْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «اشْهَدْ عَلَى أَنِّي لَا أُكَفِّرُ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْقِبْلَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْكَلَّ يُشِيرُونَ إِلَى مَعْبُودٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَإِنَّمَا هَذَا كُلُّهُ اخْتِلَافُ الْعِبَارَاتِ» ⦗٣٢٢⦘\n\n٢٠١٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنْ كَانُوا هَكَذَا - يَعْنِي أَهْلَ الْأَهْوَاءِ - فَاللَّاعِبُ بِالشَّطَرَنْجِ وَإِنْ كَرِهْنَا لَهُ، وَبِالْحَمَامِ وَإِنْ كَرِهْنَا لَهُ، أَخَفُّ حَالًا مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ بِمَا لَا يُحْصَى وَلَا يُقَدَّرُ، فَأَمَّا إِنْ قَامَرَ رَجُلٌ بِالْحَمَامِ، أَوْ بِالشَّطَرَنْجِ رَدَدْنَا شَهَادَتَهُ\n\n٢٠١٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يَرُدَّ شَهَادَتَهُ إِذَا لَمْ يُقَامِرْ بِهِ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ اخْتِلَافِ الْعُلَمَاءِ","vol":"14","page":319},{"text":"٢٠١٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: لَعِبَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ بِالشَّطَرَنْجِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ ظَهْرِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: «بِأَيْشٍ دَفَعَ كَذَا؟» قَالَ: بِكَذَا قَالَ: «ادْفَعْ بِكَذَا»","vol":"14","page":322},{"text":"٢٠١٣٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ رَشِيقٍ، إِجَازَةً، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: كَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ يَلْعَبَانِ بِالشَّطَرَنْجِ اسْتِدْبَارًا \"\n\n٢٠١٣٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ، وَأَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ دُونَ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَهُ\n\n٢٠١٣٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَلْعَبُ بِهِ، وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بِهِ بَأْسًا ⦗٣٢٣⦘\n\n٢٠١٣٩ - فَأَمَّا الْكَرَاهِيَةُ فَلِمَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ مَرَّ عَلَى قَوْمٍ يَلْعَبُونَ بِالشَّطَرَنْجِ فَقَالَ: مَا هَذِهِ التَّمَاثِيلُ الَّتِي أَنْتُمْ لَهَا عَاكِفُونَ،\n\n٢٠١٤٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لِغَيْرِ هَذَا خُلِقْتُمْ\n\n٢٠١٤١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ أَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُوا ذَلِكَ وَرُوِّينَا فِي كَرَاهِيَتِهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، وَمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ\n\n٢٠١٤٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى رَجُلًا يَتْبَعُ حَمَامَةً فَقَالَ: «شَيْطَانٌ يَتْبَعُ شَيْطَانَةً»","vol":"14","page":322},{"text":"٢٠١٤٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ نَكْرَهُ مِنْ وَجْهِ الْخَبَرِ: \" اللَّعِبَ بِالنَّرْدِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يُكْرَهُ اللَّعِبُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْمَلَاهِي، وَلَا نُحِبُّ اللَّعِبَ بِالشَّطَرَنْجِ، وَهِيَ أَخَفُّ مِنَ النَّرْدِ، وَنَكْرَهُ اللَّعِبَ بِالْحَزَّةِ، وَالْقَرْقِ، وَكُلَّمَا لَعِبَ النَّاسُ بِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّعِبَ لَيْسَ مِنْ صِفَةِ أَهْلِ الدِّينِ ⦗٣٢٤⦘، وَلَا الْمُرُوءَةِ، وَمَنْ لَعِبَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا عَلَى الِاسْتِحْلَالِ لَهُ لَمْ تُرَدَّ شَهَادَتُهُ\n\n٢٠١٤٤ - قَالَ: وَإِنْ غَفَلَ بِهِ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَأَكْثَرَ حَتَّى تَفُوتَهُ، ثُمَّ يَعُودَ لَهُ حَتَّى تَفُوتَهُ، رَدَدْنَا شَهَادَتَهُ عَلَى الِاسْتِخْفَافِ بِمَوَاقِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ\n\n٢٠١٤٥ - قَالَ: وَالْحِزَّةُ تَكُونُ قِطْعَةً خَشَبِيَّةً يَكُونُ فِيهَا حُفَرٌ يَلْعَبُونَ بِهَا \"","vol":"14","page":323},{"text":"٢٠١٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الْأَزْرَقِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ لَعِبَ بِالنَّرْدَشِيرِ فَهُوَ كَمَنْ غَمَسَ يَدَهُ فِي لَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَدَمِهِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ","vol":"14","page":324},{"text":"٢٠١٤٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ ⦗٣٢٥⦘ لَعِبَ بِالنَّرْدِ فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ»","vol":"14","page":324},{"text":"٢٠١٤٨ - رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ:  «مَنْ لَعِبَ بِالنَّرْدِ فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ»\n\n٢٠١٤٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَسْتُ مِنْ دَدٍ، وَلَا دَدٌ مِنِّي»\n\n٢٠١٥٠ - قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: الدَّدُ: اللَّعِبُ وَاللَّهْوُ\n\n٢٠١٥١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كُلُّ مَا أَلْهَى عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَهُوَ مَيْسَرٌ»\n\n٢٠١٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا مُلَاعَبَةُ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَإِجْرَاؤُهُ الْخَيْلَ، وَتَأْدِيبُهُ فَرَسَهُ، وَتَعْلِيمُهُ الرَّمْيَ، وَرَمْيُهُ، فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ اللَّعِبِ، وَلَا نَنْهَى عَنْهُ","vol":"14","page":325},{"text":"٢٠١٥٣ - وَهَذَا لِمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ جَابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَّامٍ الْأَسْوَدُ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ يُدْخِلُ بِالسَّهْمِ الْوَاحِدِ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ الْجَنَّةَ: صَانِعَهُ يَحْتَسِبُ فِي صَنْعَتِهِ الْخَيْرَ، وَمُنْبِلَهُ، وَالرَّامِيَ بِهِ، ارْمُوا وَارْكَبُوا، وَأَنْ تَرْمُوا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تَرْكَبُوا، وَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهْوِ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةٌ: تَأْدِيبُ الرَّجُلِ فَرَسَهُ، وَمُلَاعَبَتُهُ زَوْجَتَهُ، وَرَمْيُهُ بِنَبْلِهِ عَنْ قَوْسِهِ، وَمَنْ عَلِمَ الرَّمْيَ ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ فَهِيَ نِعْمَةٌ كَفَرَهَا \" ⦗٣٢٦⦘،\n\n٢٠١٥٤ - وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْأَزْرَقِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ","vol":"14","page":325},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1381>شَهَادَةُ أَهْلِ الْغِنَاءِ</span>","vol":"14","page":327},{"text":"٢٠١٥٥ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ  «فِي الرَّجُلِ يُغَنِّي فَيَتَّخِذُ الْغِنَاءَ صِنَاعَةً لَهُ يُؤْتَى عَلَيْهِ وَيَأْتِي لَهُ، وَيَكُونُ مَنْسُوبًا إِلَيْهِ مَشْهُورًا بِهِ مَعْرُوفًا، وَالْمَرْأَةِ، فَلَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ مِنَ اللَّهْوِ الْمَكْرُوهِ الَّذِي يُشْبِهُ الْبَاطِلَ، وَأَنَّ مَنْ صَنَعَ هَذَا يَكُونُ مَنْسُوبًا إِلَى السَّفَهِ وَسَقَاطَةِ الْمُرُوءَةِ، وَمَنْ رَضِيَ هَذَا لِنَفْسِهِ كَانَ مُسْتَخِفًّا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُحَرَّمًا بَيِّنَ التَّحْرِيمِ»\n\n٢٠١٥٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [لقمان: ٦] قَالَ: هُوَ وَاللَّهِ الْغِنَاءُ\n\n٢٠١٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ\n\n٢٠١٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْغِنَاءُ يُنْبِتُ النِّفَاقَ فِي الْقَلْبِ كَمَا يُنْبِتُ الْمَاءُ الزَّرْعَ»\n\n٢٠١٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «أَنْهَاكَ عَنْهُ وَأَكْرَهُهُ» قَالَ: أَحَرَامٌ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: \" انْظُرْ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي: إِذَا مَيَّزَ اللَّهُ الْحَقَّ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ فِي أَيِّهِمَا تَجْعَلُ الْغِنَاءَ؟ \" ⦗٣٢٨⦘\n\n٢٠١٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَوْ كَانَ لَا يَنْسِبُ نَفْسَهُ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ إِنَّمَا يُعْرَفُ بِأَنَّهُ يَطْرَبُ فِي الْحَالِ فَيَتَرَنَّمُ فِيهَا، وَلَا يُؤْتَى لِذَلِكَ، وَلَا يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يَرْضَى بِهِ لَمْ يُسْقِطْ هَذَا شَهَادَتَهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْمَرْأَةُ","vol":"14","page":327},{"text":"٢٠١٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحَارِثِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعِنْدِي جَارِيَتَانِ مِنْ جَوَارِي الْأَنْصَارِ تُغَنِّيَانِ بِمَا تَقَاوَلَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ قَالَتْ: وَلَيْسَتَا مُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَمَزْمُورُ الشَّيْطَانِ فِي بَيْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمُ عِيدٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، إِنَّ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ عِيدًا، وَهَذَا عِيدُنَا»، أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ،\n\n٢٠١٦٢ - وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى جُمْلَةِ مَا ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: «وَلَيْسَتَا مُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ»، فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَى أَنَّ الْغِنَاءَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ صِنَاعَتِهِمَا، وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ عِيدًا، وَهَذَا عِيدُنَا»، فَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُفْعَلُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَوْقَاتِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ،\n\n٢٠١٦٣ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: «وَعِنْدَهَا جَارِيَتَانِ فِي أَيَّامِ مِنًى تُغَنِّيَانِ وَتُدَفِّقَانِ وَتَضْرِبَانِ»،\n\n٢٠١٦٤ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ ⦗٣٢٩⦘، وَأَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ تَرَنُّمَهُمْ بِالْأَشْعَارِ فِي أَسْفَارِهِمْ،\n\n٢٠١٦٥ - وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَرْقَمِ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ.\n\n٢٠١٦٦ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنْ بِلَالٍ، وَسُئِلَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ بِالشِّعْرِ، فَقَالَ: لَا أَرَى بِهِ بَأْسًا مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فُحْشًا\n\n٢٠١٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَّخِذُ الْغُلَامَ وَالْجَارِيَةَ الْمُغَنِّيِّينَ: إِنْ كَانَ يَجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَيُغَنِّيَا، فَهَذَا سَفَهٌ تُرَدُّ بِهِ شَهَادَتُهُ، وَهُوَ فِي الْجَارِيَةِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ فِيهِ سَفَهًا وَدَيَاثَةً\n\n٢٠١٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: \" ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ: الْعَاقُّ وَالِدَيْهِ، وَالدَّيُّوثُ، وَرَجُلَةُ النِّسَاءِ \"\n\n٢٠١٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأَمَّا اسْتِمَاعُ الْحُدَاءِ وَنَشِيدِ الْأَعْرَابِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ كَثُرَ أَوْ قَلَّ، وَكَذَلِكَ اسْتِمَاعُ الشِّعْرِ","vol":"14","page":328},{"text":"٢٠١٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الشَّرِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَرْدَفَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ:  «هَلْ مَعَكَ مِنْ شِعْرِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ شَيْءٌ؟» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «هِيهْ» قَالَ: فَأَنْشَدْتُهُ بَيْتًا قَالَ ⦗٣٣٠⦘: «هِيهْ» قَالَ: فَأَنْشَدْتُهُ حَتَّى بَلَغْتُ مِائَةَ بَيْتٍ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أًَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"14","page":329},{"text":"٢٠١٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وَسَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحُدَاءَ وَالرَّجَزَ، وَأَمَرَ ابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ فِي سَفَرِهِ فَقَالَ: «حَرِّكْ بِالْقَوْمِ»، فَانْدَفَعَ يَرْجُزُ\n\n٢٠١٧٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَجَزُهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ ﵀:\n[البحر الرجز]\n\nوَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنْتَ مَا اهْتَدَيْنَا ... وَلَا تَصَدَّقْنَا وَلَا صَلَّيْنَا\nفَأَنْزِلَنْ سَكِينَةً عَلَيْنَا ... وَثَبِّتِ الْأَقْدَامَ إِنْ لَاقَيْنَا،\n\n٢٠١٧٣ - وَرَجَزُهُ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ:\nخَلُّوا بَنِي الْكُفَّارِ عَنْ سَبِيلِهْ ... قَدْ نَزَّلَ الرَّحْمَنُ فِي تَنْزِيلِهْ\nإِنَّ خَيْرَ الْقَتْلِ فِي سَبِيلِهْ ... نَحْنُ قَاتَلْنَاكُمْ عَلَى تَأْوِيلِهْ\nكَمَا قَاتَلْنَاكُمْ عَلَى تَنْزِيلِهْ\n\n٢٠١٧٤ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى:\n\nالْيَوْمَ نَضْرِبُكُمْ عَلَى تَنْزِيلِهْ ... ضَرْبًا يُزِيلُ الْهَامَ عَنْ مَقِيلِهْ\nوَيُذْهِلُ الْخَلِيلَ عَنْ خَلِيلِهْ ... يَا رَبِّ إِنِّي مُؤْمِنٌ بِقِيلِهْ\n⦗٣٣١⦘\n\n٢٠١٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَدْرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْبًا مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ وَمَعَهُمْ حَادٍ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ بِأَنْ يَحْدُوا، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ حَادِينَا وَنَى مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نَحْنُ أَوَّلُ الْعَرَبِ حُدَاءً بِالْإِبِلِ قَالَ: «وَكَيْفَ ذَاكَ؟»، قَالُوا: كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ يُغِيرُ بَعْضُهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، فَأَغَارَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا، فَاسْتَاقَ إِبِلًا فَتَبَدَّدَتْ، فَغَضِبَ عَلَى غُلَامِهِ، فَضَرَبَهُ بِالْعَصَا، فَأَصَابَ يَدَهُ، فَقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: وَايَدَاهُ وَايَدَاهُ قَالَ: فَجَعَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ تَجْتَمِعُ قَالَ: فَهَكَذَا فَعَلَ قَالَ: وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَضْحَكُ، فَقَالَ: «مِمَّنْ أَنْتُمْ؟»، قَالُوا: نَحْنُ مِنْ مُضَرَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «وَنَحْنُ مِنْ مُضَرَ»، فَانْتَسَبَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ فِي النِّسْبَةِ إِلَى مُضَرَ\n\n٢٠١٧٦ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسِيرُ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَسَمِعَ حَادِيًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَقَالَ: «أَسْرِعُوا بِنَا إِلَى هَذَا الْحَادِي»، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n٢٠١٧٧ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَزَادَ فِيهِ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ حَادِينَا وَنَا»،\n\n٢٠١٧٨ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٢٠١٧٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أَنْجَشَةُ يَحْدُو بِالنِّسَاءِ، وَكَانَ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ يَحْدُو بِالرِّجَالِ، وَكَانَ أَنْجَشَةُ حَسَنَ الصَّوْتِ، كَانَ إِذَا حَدَا أَعْنَقَتِ الْإِبِلُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَيْحَكَ يَا أَنْجَشَةُ، رُوَيْدَكَ سَوْقَكَ بِالْقَوَارِيرِ»","vol":"14","page":330},{"text":"٢٠١٨٠ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ:  «كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَادٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَنْجَشَةُ، وَكَانَتْ أُمِّي مَعَ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ،» يَا أَنْجَشَةُ ارْفُقْ بِالْقَوَارِيرِ \"،\n\n٢٠١٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ\n\n٢٠١٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالْحُدَاءُ مِثْلُ الْكَلَامِ، وَالْحَدِيثُ الْمُحْسَنُ بِاللَّفْظِ وَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا هَكَذَا بِالشِّعْرِ، كَانَ تَحْسِينُ الصَّوْتِ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ أَوِ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مَحْبُوبًا.\n\n٢٠١٨٣ - قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «مَا أَذِنَ اللَّهُ لِشَيْءٍ أَذَنَهُ لِنَبِيٍّ حَسَنِ التَّرَنُّمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ»\n\n٢٠١٨٤ - وَأَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، يَقْرَأُ فَقَالَ: «لَقَدْ أُوتِي هَذَا مِنْ مَزَامِيرِ آلِ دَاوُدَ»","vol":"14","page":332},{"text":"٢٠١٨٥ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَتَّابٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَوَّامِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدَ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ⦗٣٣٣⦘، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَا أَذِنَ اللَّهُ لِشَيْءٍ كَأَذَنِهِ لِنَبِيٍّ يَتَغَنَّى بِالْقُرْآنِ يَجْهَرُ بِهِ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ","vol":"14","page":332},{"text":"٢٠١٨٦ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِالْقُرْآنِ»، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي بْنُ قَانِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":333},{"text":"٢٠١٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِالْقُرْآنِ»، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: يَسْتَغْنِي بِهِ، فَقَالَ: لَا، لَيْسَ هَذَا مَعْنَاهُ، وَمَعْنَاهُ يَقْرَأُ حَدْرًا وَتَحْزِينًا ⦗٣٣٤⦘\n\n٢٠١٨٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الرِّوَايَةُ الْأُولَى عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، تُؤَكِّدُ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ مَرْفُوعًا: «زَيِّنُوا الْقُرْآنَ بِأَصْوَاتِكُمْ»","vol":"14","page":333},{"text":"٢٠١٨٩ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ بْنِ حُصَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ وَهُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَإِذَا هُوَ يَقْرَأُ فِي جَانِبِ الْمَسْجِدِ: «لَقَدْ أُعْطِيَ هَذَا مِزْمَارًا مِنْ مَزَامِيرِ آلِ دَاوُدَ»، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ ⦗٣٣٥⦘،\n\n٢٠١٩٠ - وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَزَادَ فَقَالَ: «لَوْ عَلِمْتُ لَحَبَّرْتُهُ لَكَ تَجْبِيرًا»\n\n٢٠١٩١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَأَمَّا الضَّرْبُ بِالْعُودِ وَالطَّبْلِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ، وَالْمَيْسِرَ، وَالْكُوبَةَ»،\n\n٢٠١٩٢ - وَهِيَ الطَّبْلُ فِيمَا زَعَمَ بَعْضُ رُوَاتِهِ.\n\n٢٠١٩٣ - قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ ﵀: وَيُقَالُ: بَلْ هُوَ النَّرْدُ،\n\n٢٠١٩٤ - وَيَدْخُلُ فِي مَعْنَاهُ كُلُّ وِتَرٍ، وَمُزْهَرٍ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَلَاهِي،\n\n٢٠١٩٥ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الْغَرِيبَيْنِ: قَالَ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ: الْكُوبَةُ النَّرْدُ، وَيُقَالُ الطَّبْلُ، وَقِيلَ الْبَرْبَطُ\n\n٢٠١٩٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَنْ رَبِّي حَرَّمَ عَلَيَّ الْخَمْرَ، وَالْمَيْسِرَ، وَالْقِنِّينَ، وَالْكُوبَةَ»،\n\n٢٠١٩٧ - وَالْقِنِّينُ: الْعُودُ فِيمَا زَعَمَ بَعْضُ رُوَاتِهِ،\n\n٢٠١٩٨ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الْغَرِيبَيْنِ: الْقِنِّينُ: الطُّنْبُورُ بِالْحَبَشِيَّةِ قَالَهُ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ ⦗٣٣٦⦘\n\n٢٠١٩٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: سَمِعَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ مِزْمَارًا فَوَضَعَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ عَلَى أُذُنَيْهِ وَنَأَى عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَقَالَ لِي: «يَا نَافِعُ هَلْ تَسْمَعُ شَيْئًا؟»، فَقُلْتُ: لَا، فَرَفَعَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ مِنْ أُذُنَيْهِ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَمِعَ مِثْلَ هَذَا، فَصَنَعَ مِثْلَ هَذَا»","vol":"14","page":334},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1382>شَهَادَةُ أَهْلِ الْعَصَبِيَّةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":337},{"text":"٢٠٢٠٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنْ أَظْهَرَ الْعَصَبِيَّةَ بِالْكَلَامِ وَتَأَلَّفَ عَلَيْهَا، وَدَعَا عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُشْهِرُ نَفْسَهُ فِيهَا، فَهُوَ مَرْدُودُ الشَّهَادَةِ،\n\n٢٠٢٠١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ﴾ [الحجرات: ١٠]،\n\n٢٠٢٠٢ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَكُونُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِخْوَانًا»، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا تَبَاغَضُوا، وَلَا تَحَاسَدُوا، وَلَا تَدَابَرُوا، وَكُونُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِخْوَانًا، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَهْجُرَ أَخَاهُ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ، يَلْتَقِيَانِ فَيَصُدُّ هَذَا وَيَصُدُّ هَذَا، وَخَيْرُهُمَا الَّذِي يَبْدَأُ بالسَّلَامِ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ\n\n٢٠٢٠٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ جَمَعَ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَنَسَبَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ فَهُوَ أَشْرَفُ أَنْسَابِهِمْ، فَإِنْ أَحَبَّ امْرُؤٌ فَلْيُحِبَّ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ خُصَّ امْرُؤٌ بِالْمَحَبَّةِ مَا لَمْ يَحْمِلْ عَلَى ⦗٣٣٨⦘ غَيْرِهِمْ مَا لَيْسَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ، فَهَذِهِ صِلَةٌ لَيْسَتْ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ، فَقَلَّ امْرُؤٌ إِلَّا وَفِيهِ مَحْبُوبٌ وَمَكْرُوهٌ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْمَكْرُوهِ\n\n٢٠٢٠٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ وَاثِلَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْقَعِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْعَصَبِيَّةُ؟ قَالَ: «أَنْ تُعِينَ قَوْمَكَ عَلَى الظُّلْمِ»\n\n٢٠٢٠٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَمِنَ الْعَصَبِيَّةِ أَنْ يُعِينَ الرَّجُلُ قَوْمَهُ عَلَى الْحَقِّ؟ قَالَ: «لَا»","vol":"14","page":337},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1383>شَهَادَةُ الشُّعَرَاءِ</span>","vol":"14","page":339},{"text":"٢٠٢٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: «الشِّعْرُ كَلَامٌ حَسَنُهُ كَحَسَنِ الْكَلَامِ، وَقَبِيحُهُ كَقَبِيحِ الْكَلَامِ»، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ كَلَامٌ بِاقٍ سَائِرٌ، وَذَلِكَ فَضْلُهُ عَلَى الْكَلَامِ،\n\n٢٠٢٠٧ - فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الشُّعَرَاءِ لَا يُعْرَفُ بِبُغْضِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَذَاهُمْ وَالْإِكْثَارِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَلَا بِأَنْ يَمْدَحَ فَيُكْثِرَ الْكَذِبَ لَمْ نَرُدَّ شَهَادَتَهُ،\n\n٢٠٢٠٨ - وَمَنْ أَكْثَرَ الْوَقِيعَةَ فِي النَّاسِ عَلَى الْغَضَبِ أَوِ الْحَرَمَانِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ كَثِيرًا ظَاهِرًا مُسْتَعْلَنًا، وَإِذَا رَضِيَ مَدْحَ النَّاسِ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ حَتَّى يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرًا ظَاهِرًا مُسْتَعْلَنًا كَذِبًا مَحْضًا رُدَّتْ شَهَادَتُهُ بِالْوَجْهَيْنِ، وَبِأَحَدِهِمَا لَوِ انْفَرَدَ بِهِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"14","page":339},{"text":"٢٠٢٠٩ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الشِّعْرُ كَلَامٌ حَسَنُهُ كَحَسَنِ الْكَلَامِ، وَقَبِيحُهُ كَقَبِيحِهِ»","vol":"14","page":339},{"text":"٢٠٢١٠ - وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ⦗٣٤٠⦘، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ حِكْمَةٌ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مُرْسَلَيْنِ.\n\n٢٠٢١١ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي آخَرِينَ ضُعَفَاءَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ،\n\n٢٠٢١٢ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي فَقَدْ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٢٠٢١٣ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٢٠٢١٤ - وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٢٠٢١٥ - وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّابِتُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَأَنْ يَمْتَلِئَ جَوْفُ الرَّجُلِ قَيْحًا حَتَّى يَرِيَهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَمْتَلِئَ شِعْرًا» ⦗٣٤١⦘،\n\n٢٠٢١٦ - فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: وَجْهُهُ عِنْدِي أَنْ يَمْتَلِئَ قَلْبُهُ حَتَّى يَغْلِبَ عَلَيْهِ فَيَشْغَلَهُ عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ وَعَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، فَيَكُونَ الْغَالِبَ عَلَيْهِ، مِنْ أَيِّ الشِّعْرِ كَانَ\n\n٢٠٢١٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مِنْ أَرْبَى الرِّبَا الِاسْتِطَالَةُ فِي عِرْضِ الْمُسْلِمِ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ»\n\n٢٠٢١٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ الْمُؤْمِنُ بِالطَّعَّانِ، وَلَا اللَّعَّانِ، وَلَا الْفَاحِشِ الْبَذِيءِ»،\n\n٢٠٢١٩ - وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ فِيمَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَلَا يَعْضَهُ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا»\n\n٢٠٢٢٠ - وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ قَالَ: «أَلَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ مَا الْعِضَةُ؟ هِيَ النَّمِيمَةُ الْقَالَةُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ» وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَصْدُقُ حَتَّى يُكْتَبَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ صَدِّيقًا، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَكْذِبُ حَتَّى يَكْتُبَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ كَذَّابًا»\n\n٢٠٢٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْمِزَاحُ لَا تُرَدُّ بِهِ الشَّهَادَةُ مَا لَمْ يَخْرُجْ فِي الْمِزَاحِ إِلَى عِضَةِ النَّسَبِ، أَوْ عِضَةٍ لِحَدٍّ، أَوْ فَاحِشَةٍ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ إِلَى هَذَا وَأَظْهَرَهُ كَانَ بِهِ مَرْدُودَ الشَّهَادَةِ ⦗٣٤٢⦘\n\n٢٠٢٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّكَ تُدَاعِبُنَا؟ قَالَ: «إِنِّي لَا أَقُولُ إِلَّا حَقًّا»\n\n٢٠٢٢٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَتَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ فِي الزِّنَا.\n\n٢٠٢٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْمُؤْمِنُونَ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ»\n\n٢٠٢٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي وَلَدِ الزِّنَا: لَا يَفْضُلُهُ وَلَدُ الرِّشْدَةِ إِلَّا بِالتَّقْوَى\n\n٢٠٢٢٦ - وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا\n\n٢٠٢٢٧ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي وَلَدِ الزِّنَا: إِنَّ أَصْلَهُ لَأَصْلٌ سُوءٌ، فَإِذَا حَسُنَتْ حَالَتُهُ، وَمُرُوءَتُهُ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ\n\n٢٠٢٢٨ - قَالَ: وَكَانُوا يَرَوْنَ عِتْقَهُ حَسَنًا\n\n٢٠٢٢٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي إِعْتَاقِ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَائِشَةَ\n\n٢٠٢٣٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَلَدُ الزِّنَا شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ»\n\n٢٠٢٣١ - رُوِّينَا عَنِ السَّفَرِ بْنِ نُسَيْرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا قَالَ: \" وَلَدُ الزِّنَا شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ: إِنَّ أَبَوَيْهِ أَسْلَمَا، وَلَمْ يُسْلِمْ هُوَ \" ⦗٣٤٣⦘\n\n٢٠٢٣٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ وَلَدُ الزَّانِيَةِ شَرَّ الثَّلَاثَةِ لِأَنَّ أُمَّهُ قَالَتْ لَهُ: لَسْتَ لِأَبِيكَ الَّذِي تُدْعَى بِهِ فَقَتَلَهَا، فَسُمِّيَ شَرَّ الثَّلَاثَةِ\n\n٢٠٢٣٣ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَعْنِي إِذَا عَمِلَ بِعَمَلِ وَالِدَيْهِ\n\n٢٠٢٣٤ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا، وَرَفْعُهُ ضَعِيفٌ","vol":"14","page":339},{"text":"٢٠٢٣٥ - وَرَوَى سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: بَلَغَ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَلَدُ الزِّنَا شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ، لَأَنْ أُمْنَعَ بِسَوْطٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا»، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَلَدُ الزِّنَا شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ، وَإِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ الْحَيِّ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ أَسَاءَ سَمْعًا فَأَسَاءَ إِصَابَةً، لَأَنْ أُمَتِّعَ بِسَوْطٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا إِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ: ﴿فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ، فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ﴾ [البلد: ١٢]، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا عِنْدَنَا مَا نُعْتِقُ إِلَّا أَنَّ أَحَدَنَا لَهُ الْجَارِيَةُ السَّوْدَاءُ تَخْدُمُهُ وَتَسْعَى عَلَيْهِ، فَلَوْ أَمَرْنَاهُنَّ فَزَنَيْنَ، فَجِئْنَ بِالْأَوْلَادِ فَأَعْتَقْنَاهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَأَنْ أُمَتِّعَ بِسَوْطٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ آمُرَ بِالزِّنَا، ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَ الْوَلَدَ»،\n\n٢٠٢٣٦ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: «وَلَدُ الزِّنَا شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ»، فَلَمْ يَكُنِ الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى هَذَا، إِنَّمَا كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يُؤْذِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ يَعْذِرُنِي مِنْ فُلَانٍ؟»، قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَعَ مَا بِهِ وَلَدُ الزِّنَا، فَقَالَ: «هُوَ شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ»، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٤] وِزْرَ أُخْرَى","vol":"14","page":343},{"text":"٢٠٢٣٧ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: «وَإِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ الْحَيِّ»، فَلَمْ يَكُنِ الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى هَذَا، وَلَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِدَارٍ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ قَدْ مَاتَ، وَأَهْلُهُ يَبْكُونَ ⦗٣٤٤⦘ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُمْ لَيَبْكُونَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَيُعَذَّبُ»، وَاللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ يَقُولُ: ﴿لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٦]، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٠٢٣٨ - وَسَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَبْرَشُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ بُرْدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الشَّامِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، مُرْسَلًا فِي إِعْتَاقِ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا فَدُلَّ أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ لَهُ أَصْلٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":343},{"text":"٢٠٢٣٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَتَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْبَدَوِيِّ عَلَى الْقَرَوِيِّ، وَالْقَرَوِيِّ عَلَى الْبَدَوِيِّ\n\n٢٠٢٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ بَدَوِيٍّ عَلَى صَاحِبِ قَرْيَةٍ»،\n\n٢٠٢٤١ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِمَّا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ حَفِظَهُ فَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ ﵀: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا كَرِهَ شَهَادَةَ أَهْلِ الْبَدْوِ لِمَا فِيهِمْ مِنَ الْجَفَاءِ فِي الدِّينِ، وَالْجَهَالَةِ بِأَحْكَامِ الشَّرِيعَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ فِي الْغَالِبِ لَا يَضْبِطُونَ الشَّهَادَةَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا، وَلَا يُقِيمُونَهَا عَلَى حَقِّهَا لِقُصُورِ عِلْمِهِمْ عَمَّا يُحِيلُهَا وَيُغَيِّرُهَا عَنْ جِهَتِهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":344},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1384>شَهَادَةُ الْمُخْتَبئِ</span>","vol":"14","page":345},{"text":"٢٠٢٤٢ - أَشَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي حِكَايَةِ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي شَهَادَةِ الْمُخْتَبِئِ إِلَى قَوْلَيْنِ: إِمَّا أَلَّا يُجِيزَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ جَلَسَ غَيْرَ مَجْلِسِ الْعُدُولِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ شُرَيْحٍ،\n\n٢٠٢٤٣ - وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُجِيزَ الشَّهَادَةَ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّ عُمَرَ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ الَّذِينَ رَصَدُوا رَجُلًا زَنَى، وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يُتِمُّوا أَرْبَعَةً قَالَ: وَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ الْقَوْلَيْنِ،\n\n٢٠٢٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ كُلْثُومٍ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ:  «لَا أُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ الْمُخْتَبِئِ»","vol":"14","page":345},{"text":"٢٠٢٤٥ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ حُرَيْثٍ، \" كَانَ يُجِيزُ شَهَادَتَهُ وَيَقُولُ: كَذَا يُفْعَلُ بِالْخَائِنِ وَالْفَاجِرِ \"","vol":"14","page":345},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1385>الرُّجُوعُ عَنِ الشَّهَادَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":346},{"text":"٢٠٢٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ أَتَيَا عَلِيًّا، فَشَهِدَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ أَنَّهُ سَرَقَ، فَقَطَعَ عَلِيٌّ يَدَهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَيَاهُ بِآخَرَ، فَقَالَا: هَذَا الَّذِي سَرَقَ وَأَخْطَأْنَا عَلَى الْأَوَّلِ، فَلَمْ يُجِزْ شَهَادَتَهُمَا عَلَى الْآخَرِ، وَغَرَّمَهُمَا دِيَةَ الْأَوَّلِ، وَقَالَ: «لَوْ أَعْلَمُكُمَا تَعَمَّدْتُمَا لَقَطَعْتُكُمَا»\n\n٢٠٢٤٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ","vol":"14","page":346},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1386>٤٣ - كِتَابُ الدَّعْوَى</span>","vol":"14","page":347},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1387>الدَّعْوَى</span>","vol":"14","page":349},{"text":"٢٠٢٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَكْيَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي»\n\n٢٠٢٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَحْسِبُهُ - وَلَا أُثْبِتُهُ - أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"14","page":349},{"text":"٢٠٢٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ كَمَا:\n\n٢٠٢٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَادَّعَى نَاسٌ دِمَاءَ قَوْمٍ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَلَكِنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ»،\n\n٢٠٢٥٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"14","page":349},{"text":"٢٠٢٥٣ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَكْيَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «وَلَكِنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي، وَالْيَمِينَ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ»،\n\n٢٠٢٥٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ،\n\n٢٠٢٥٥ - وَرَوَاهُ نَافِعُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجُمَحِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَكْيَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، نَحْوُ رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْبَيِّنَةَ","vol":"14","page":350},{"text":"٢٠٢٥٦ - وَرَوَى الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ»،\n\n٢٠٢٥٧ - وَهُوَ غَرِيبٌ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ اللَّخْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ الصُّورِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ إِلَيْنَا، حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":350},{"text":"٢٠٢٥٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُؤَذِّنِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْضُرُ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِذْ كَانَ عَامِلًا عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ يَقْضِي بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، «فَإِذَا جَاءَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَدَّعِي عَلَى الرَّجُلِ حَقًّا نَظَرَ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُخَالَطَةٌ وَمُلَابَسَةٌ، حَلَّفَ الَّذِي ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يُحَلِّفْهُ»\n\n٢٠٢٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا شَيْءٌ ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الِاسْتِحْسَانِ، وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِّينَاهُ لَا يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ الْحَالَيْنِ\n\n٢٠٢٦٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «الْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ سَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُخَالَطَةٌ، أَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ»","vol":"14","page":350},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1388>إِذَا تَنَازَعَا شَيْئًا فِي يَدِ أَحَدِهِمَا</span>","vol":"14","page":351},{"text":"٢٠٢٦١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَهُوَ لِلَّذِي فِي يَدَيْهِ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ إِذَا لَمْ تَقُمْ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ،\n\n٢٠٢٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ السِّينَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُنَيْنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَاهُ خَصْمَانِ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَهُوَ امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ بْنُ عَابِسٍ الْكِنْدِيُّ، وَخَصْمُهُ رَبِيعَةُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ هَذَا انْتَزَى عَلَى أَرْضِي فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ: هِيَ أَرْضِي أَزْرَعُهَا، فَقَالَ: «أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «يَمِينُهُ» قَالَ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ يُبَالِي مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ» قَالَ: فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ لِيَحْلِفَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالِهِ ظُلْمًا لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ»، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ","vol":"14","page":351},{"text":"٢٠٢٦٣ - وَرَوَاهُ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ، وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا قَدْ غَلَبَنِي عَلَى أَرْضٍ كَانَتْ لِأَبِي، فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ هِيَ أَرْضِي، وَفِي يَدِي أَزْرَعُهَا، لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ: «أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَلَكَ يَمِينُهُ؟» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ فَاجِرٌ، لَا يُبَالِي عَلَى مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَيْسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ»، فَانْطَلَقَ لِيَحْلِفَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا أَدْبَرَ:  «أَمَا لَئِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالِهِ لِيَأْكُلَهُ ظُلْمًا لَيَلْقَيَنَّ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ» ⦗٣٥٢⦘، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِ","vol":"14","page":351},{"text":"٢٠٢٦٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، فَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ خُصُومَةٌ فِي بِئْرٍ، فَاخْتَصَمْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «شَاهِدَاكَ وَيَمِينُهُ»، فَقَالَ: إِذًا يَحْلِفُ وَلَا يُبَالِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ يَسْتَحِقُّ بِهَا مَالًا هُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ»، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَصْدِيقَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٧]،\n\n٢٠٢٦٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: لَا قَالَ: «فَيَمِينُهُ»، قُلْتُ: إِذًا يَحْلِفُ، وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ الْأَشْعَثِ: «لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا ذَاكَ»، وَلَا فِي حَدِيثِ وَائِلٍ «شَاهِدَاكَ»","vol":"14","page":352},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1389>إِذَا تَنَازَعَا شَيْئًا فِي يَدِ أَحَدِهِمَا وَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةً</span>","vol":"14","page":353},{"text":"٢٠٢٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ «رَجُلَيْنِ تَدَاعَيَا دَابَّةً، فَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّهَا دَابَّتُهُ نَتَجَهَا، فَقَضَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلَّذِي هِيَ فِي يَدَيْهِ»، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَالْمُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا رَجُلٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ\n\n٢٠٢٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةٌ صَالِحَةٌ لَيْسَتْ بِالْقَوِيَّةِ وَلَا السَّاقِطَةِ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يُخَالِفُ فِي الْقَوْلِ بِهَذَا، مَعَ أَنَّهَا قَدْ رُوِيَتْ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ قَوِيَّةً ⦗٣٥٤⦘\n\n٢٠٢٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا هَذَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ هَيْثَمٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي نَاقَةٍ،\n\n٢٠٢٦٩ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، مِنْ قَضَائِهِ إِذَا تَنَازَعَا شَيْئًا فِي أَيْدِيهِمَا","vol":"14","page":353},{"text":"٢٠٢٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَزَّازُ بِالطَّابَرَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الصَّائِغُ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ:  «اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلَانِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي بَعِيرٍ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ، فَقَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ»،\n\n٢٠٢٧١ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا، فَذَكَرَهُ مُرْسَلًا","vol":"14","page":354},{"text":"٢٠٢٧٢ - وَخَالَفَهُمْ هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى فِي مَتْنِهِ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ ادَّعَيَا بَعِيرًا، فَبَعَثَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَيْنِ، فَقَسَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ \"،\n\n٢٠٢٧٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ حُمْرَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى،\n\n٢٠٢٧٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى ⦗٣٥٥⦘،\n\n٢٠٢٧٥ - وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ","vol":"14","page":354},{"text":"٢٠٢٧٦ - وَالْأَصْلُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ حَدِيثُ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ: أَنَّ  «رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعِيرٍ، فَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَيْنِ، فَقَضَى بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٠٢٧٧ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n٢٠٢٧٨ - وَرَأَيْتُ فِيَ كِتَابِ الْعِلَلِ لِأَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيَّ، عَنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ، فَقَالَ: يَرْجِعُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى حَدِيثِ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ: أَنَا حَدَّثْتُ أَبَا بُرْدَةَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ\n\n٢٠٢٧٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِرْسَالُ شُعْبَةَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْهُ، كَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ﵀، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٢٨٠ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا فِي مَتَاعٍ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اسْتَهِمَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ» مَا كَانَا أَحَبَّا ذَلِكَ أَوْ كَرِهَا ⦗٣٥٦⦘،\n\n٢٠٢٨١ - فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مِنْ تَتِمَّةِ الْقَضِيَّةِ الْأُولَى، وَكَأَنَّهُ ﷺ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ بِحُكْمِ الْيَدِ، فَطَلَبَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يَمِينَ صَاحِبِهِ فِي النِّصْفِ الَّذِي حَصَلَ لَهُ، فَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْيَمِينَ فَتَنَازَعَا فِي الْبِدَايَةِ بِأَخْذِهَا، فَأَمَرَهُمَا أَنْ يَقْتَرِعَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":355},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1390>إِذَا تَنَازَعَا شَيْئًا لَيْسَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمَا وَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةً</span>","vol":"14","page":357},{"text":"٢٠٢٨٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَقُولُ: اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَمْرٍ، فَجَاءَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِشُهَدَاءَ عُدُولٍ عَلَى عِدَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَأَسْهَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ تَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمَا»، أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرَّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، فَذَكَرَاهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، مِثْلُهُ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ،\n\n٢٠٢٨٣ - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَزَادَ: «فَقُضِيَ لِلَّذِي خَرَجَ لَهُ السَّهْمُ».\n\n٢٠٢٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَكَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَقُولُ بِالْقُرْعَةِ، وَيَرْوِيهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالْكُوفِيُّونَ يَرْوُونَهَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ\n\n٢٠٢٨٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدِ اخْتَصَمَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ فَبَعَثَهُمْ إِلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَقِصَّتُهُمْ شَيِبهَةٌ بِهَذِهِ، فَأَقْرَعَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَهَكَذَا الَّذِي أَحْفَظُ عَنْ مَنْ لَقِيتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا ⦗٣٥٨⦘،\n\n٢٠٢٨٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَفِيهَا أَخْبَارٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تُشْبِهُهُ، مِنْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَرًا أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ، فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهِ وَحَلَفَ الْبَوَاقِي، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي التَّقْرِيبِ وَالتَّشْبِيهِ\n\n٢٠٢٨٧ - قَالَ: وَأَقْرَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ النَّاسُ مَلَكُوا مُلْكًا مُشَاعًا، فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْقُرْعَةُ زَالَ مُلْكُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا كَانَ يَمْلِكُ، وَمَلَكَ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَمْلِكُهُ عَلَى الْكَمَالِ\n\n٢٠٢٨٨ - قَالَ: وَأَعْتَقَ رَجُلٌ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ، فَجَزَّأَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءَ، وَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ،\n\n٢٠٢٨٩ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَكُلُّ مَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ يُشْبِهُ خَبَرَ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فِي الْقُرْعَةِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْقُرْعَةَ فِي كِتَابِهِ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ مَرْيَمَ، وَقِصَّةَ يُونُسَ ﵉\n\n٢٠٢٩٠ - قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ مَعَهُ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ: قَدْ رَوَى سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «جَعَلَ شَيْئًا بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ نِصْفَيْنِ أَقَامَا عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةً»\n\n٢٠٢٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: تَمِيمُ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ، وَالْمَجْهُولُ لَوْ لَمْ يُعَارِضْهُ أَحَدٌ عِنْدَنَا وَعِنْدَهُ لَا تَكُونُ رِوَايَتُهُ حُجَّةٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا وَصَفْنَا وَسَعِيدٌ سَعِيدٌ، وَقَدْ زَعَمْنَا أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ إِذَا اخْتَلَفَا فَالْحُجَّةُ فِي أَصَحِّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، وَلَا أَعْلَمُ عَالِمًا يُشْكِلُ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ حَدِيثَنَا أَصَحُّ، وَأَنَّ سَعِيدًا مِنْ أَصَحِّ النَّاسِ مُرْسَلًا، وَهُوَ بِالسُّنَنِ فِي الْقُرْعَةِ أَشْبَهُ\n\n٢٠٢٩٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَمِيمُ بْنُ طَرَفَةَ الطَّائِيُّ يَرْوِي عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، وَهُوَ مِنْ مُتَأَخِّرِي تَابِعِي أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، وَمَتَى يُدْرِكُ دَرَجَةَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ⦗٣٥٩⦘ فِي التَّقَدُّمِ، وَالسُّنَنِ، وَالْعِلْمِ، وَإِدْرَاكِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، وَقَدْ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ: اخْتَصَمَا فِي بَعِيرٍ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَخَذَ بِرَأْسِهِ، فَالْحَدِيثُ فِي شَيْءٍ كَانَ بِأَيْدِيهِمَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":357},{"text":"٢٠٢٩٣ - وَفِي كِتَابِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «عَرَضَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ الْيَمِينَ، فَأَسْرَعُوا، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الْيَمِينِ أَيُّهُمْ يَحْلِفُ»، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":359},{"text":"٢٠٢٩٤ - وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ وَقَالَ: عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: «إِذَا كَرِهَ الِاثْنَانِ الْيَمِينَ أَوِ اسْتَحَبَّاهَا فَيَسْتَهِمَا عَلَيْهَا»،\n\n٢٠٢٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَسَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، فَقَالَ: عَنْ أَحْمَدَ، هَكَذَا، وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ سَلَمَةَ: إِذَا أُكْرِهَ الِاثْنَانِ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ","vol":"14","page":359},{"text":"٢٠٢٩٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَى سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ قَالَ: أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ بِبَغْلٍ فِي السُّوقِ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: هَذَا بَغْلِي لَمْ أَبِعْ وَلَمْ أَهَبْ، وَنَزَعَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ خَمْسَةً يَشْهَدُونَ، وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ يَدَّعِيهِ وَيَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ بَغْلُهُ وَجَاءَ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: إِنَّ فِيهِ قَضَاءً ⦗٣٦٠⦘ وَصُلْحًا، أَمَّا الصُّلْحُ فَيُبَاعُ الْبَغْلُ فَيُقَسَّمُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ، لِهَذَا خَمْسَةٌ وَلِهَذَا اثْنَانِ، فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمَا إِلَّا الْقَضَاءَ بِالْحَقِّ، فَإِنَّهُ يَحْلِفُ أَحَدُ الْخَصْمَيْنِ أَنَّهُ بَغْلُهُ مَا بَاعَهُ وَلَا وَهَبَهُ، فَإِنْ تَشَاحَنْتُمَا أَيُّكُمَا يَحْلِفُ أَقْرَعْتُ بَيْنَكُمَا عَلَى الْحَلِفِ، فَأَيُّكُمَا قَرَعَ حَلَفَ، فَقَضَى بِهَذَا وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ \"،\n\n٢٠٢٩٧ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ: حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ\n\n٢٠٢٩٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَدِيثُ الْمَرْفُوعُ وَرَدَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ أَسْقَطَ الْبَيِّنَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ التَّعَارُضِ، ثُمَّ تَنَازَعَا فِي الْيَمِينِ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ،\n\n٢٠٢٩٩ - وَلِلشَّافِعِيِّ قَوْلٌ آخَرُ: أَنَّهُ يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ؛ لِأَنَّ حُجَّةَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِيهَا سَوَاءٌ،\n\n٢٠٣٠٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ أَنَّهُ قَضَى بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ فِي فَرَسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ مَعَ رَجُلٍ، وَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةً أَنَّهُ أَنْتَجَ عِنْدَهُ","vol":"14","page":359},{"text":"٢٠٣٠١ - وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ: وَهَذَا مِمَّا أَسْتَخِيرُ اللَّهَ فِيهِ، وَأَنَا فِيهِ وَاقِفٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَا يُعْطَى وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا شَيْئَا، وَيُوقَفُ حَتَّى يَصْطَلِحَا، وَالْأَصْلُ فِي أَمْثَالِ ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: جَاءَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي مَوَارِيثَ قَدْ دُرِسَ عَلَيْهَا، وَهَلَكَ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهَا فَقَالَ:  «إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ أَقْضِي فِيمَا لَمْ يَنْزِلْ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ بِرَأْيِي، فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ شَيْئًا مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ فَإِنَّمَا يَقْتَطِعُ إِسْطَامًا مِنْ نَارٍ» قَالَ: فَبَكَيَا، وَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا حَقِّي لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ⦗٣٦١⦘ قَالَ: «اذْهَبَا فَاقْسِمَا، وَتَوَخَّيَا الْحَقَّ، ثُمَّ اسْتَهِمَا، ثُمَّ لِيُحْلِلْ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا صَاحِبَهُ»،\n\n٢٠٣٠٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ: «بِرَأْيِي»،\n\n٢٠٣٠٣ - وَقَدْ قَالَهُ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ","vol":"14","page":360},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1391>الْحَلِفُ مَعَ الْبَيِّنَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":362},{"text":"٢٠٣٠٤ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: إِذَا جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِحَقٍّ فَلَا يَمِينَ عَلَيْهِ مَعَ شَاهِدَيْهِ، وَلَوْ جَعَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْيَمِينَ مَعَ شَاهِدَيْهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِاخْتِلَافِنَا مَعَ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ مَعْنًى، وَكَانَ خِلَافًا لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ»","vol":"14","page":362},{"text":"٢٠٣٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا «كَانَ يَرَى الْحَلِفَ مَعَ الْبَيِّنَةِ»\n\n٢٠٣٠٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا فَلَا يَسْتَحْلِفُونَ أَحَدًا مَعَ يَمِينِهِ، وَهُمْ يَرْوُونَ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ أَنَّهُ اسْتَحْلَفَ مَعَ الْبَيِّنَةِ، وَلَا نَعْلَمُهُمْ يَرْوُونَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خِلَافَهُمَا ⦗٣٦٣⦘\n\n٢٠٣٠٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْإِلْزَامِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى كَانَ يَرَى الْحَلِفَ مَعَ الْبَيِّنَةِ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَظُنُّهُ فِيمَا وَهِمَ فِيهِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عِنْدَ تَعَارُضِ الْبَيِّنَتَيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":362},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1392>الْقَسَامَةُ</span>","vol":"14","page":364},{"text":"٢٠٣٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَنِ ادَّعَى دَمًا لَا دَلَالَةَ لِلْحَاكِمِ عَلَى دَعْوَاهُ إِلَّا بِدَعْوَاهُ، أَحْلَفَ الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ، كَمَا يَحْلِفُ فِيمَا سِوَى الدَّمِ، وَتَكُونُ دَعْوَى الْمُدَّعِي دَلَالَةً بِصِدْقِ دَعْوَاهُ، كَالدَّلَالَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَقَضَى فِيهَا بِالْقَسَامَةِ، أُحْلِفَ الْمُدَّعُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا، وَاسْتَحَقُّوا دِيَةَ الْمَقْتُولِ، وَلَا يَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمًا»،\n\n٢٠٣٠٩ - وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الدَّعْوَى: وَأَيْمَانُ الدِّمَاءِ مُخَالِفَةٌ جَمِيعَ الْأَيْمَانِ، الدَّمُ لَا يَبْرَأُ مِنْهُ إِلَّا بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَسَوَاءٌ النَّفْسُ وَالْجُرْحُ فِي هَذَا،\n\n٢٠٣١٠ - وَقَدْ مَضَتِ الْأَخْبَارُ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسَامَةِ","vol":"14","page":364},{"text":"٢٠٣١١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا الزَّنْجِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ إِلَّا فِي الْقَسَامَةِ»","vol":"14","page":364},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1393>الْقَافَةُ وَدَعْوَى الْوَلَدِ</span>","vol":"14","page":365},{"text":"٢٠٣١٢ - كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْرِفُ السُّرُورَ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَمْ تَرَيْ إِلَى مُجَزِّزٍ الْمُدْلِجِيِّ نَظَرَ إِلَى أُسَامَةَ، وَزَيْدٍ وَعَلَيْهِمَا قَطِيفَةٌ قَدْ غَطَّيَا رُءُوسَهُمَا وَبَدَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمَا»، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ» ⦗٣٦٦⦘، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ فِي صَحِيحَيْهِمَا، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،\n\n٢٠٣١٣ - وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَزَادَ: «كَانَ مُجَزِّزٌ قَائِفًا»\n\n٢٠٣١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ فَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا يُسَرُّ بِالْحَقِّ وَيَقْبَلُهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الْقَافَةِ بَاطِلًا لَقَالَ: لَا تَقُلْ فِي هَذَا شَيْئًا، فَإِنَّكَ وَإِنْ أَصَبْتَ فِي بَعْضٍ فَلَعَلَّكَ تُخْطِئُ فِي بَعْضٍ، وَلَمْ يُطْلِعِ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ أَحَدًا، وَلَكِنَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ رَآهُ عِلْمًا أُوتِيَهُ مَنْ أُوتِيَهُ وَأَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْتَعْمِلُونَهُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ وَالْحُكَّامَ بِبَلَدِنَا لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ\n\n٢٠٣١٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْقَافَةِ إِلَّا هَذَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ لِمَنْ سَمِعَهُ لِأَنَّ الْأَمْرَ لَوْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ لَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَا تَقُلْ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا لِأَنَّكَ إِنْ أَصَبْتَ فِي شَيْءٍ لَمْ آمَنْ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تُخْطِئَ فِي غَيْرِهِ، وَفِي خَطَئِكَ قَذْفٌ لِمُسْلِمَةٍ أَوْ نَفْيُ نَسَبٍ، وَمَا أَقَرَّهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رَضِيَهُ وَرَآهُ عِلْمًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُقِرُّ إِلَّا حَقًّا، وَلَا يُسَرُّ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ\n\n٢٠٣١٦ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَكَّةَ أَنَّهُمْ أَدْرَكُوا الْحُكَّامَ يَقْضُونَ بِقَوْلِ الْقَافَةِ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَدْرَكُوا مِثْلَ مَا أَدْرَكُوا وَلَمْ يَرَوْا بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ يَرْضَوْنَهُ عِنْدَهُمْ تَنَازُعًا فِي الْقَوْلِ بِالْقَافَةِ","vol":"14","page":365},{"text":"٢٠٣١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ ادَّعَيَا وَلَدَ امْرَأَةٍ، فَدَعَا عُمَرُ قَائِفًا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ الْقَائِفُ: لَقَدِ اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ، فَضَرَبَهُ عُمَرُ بِالدِّرَّةِ وَقَالَ: «مَا يُدْرِيكَ»، ثُمَّ دَعَا الْمَرْأَةَ، فَقَالَ: «أَخْبِرِينِي خَبَرَكِ»، فَقَالَتْ: كَانَ هَذَا - لِأَحَدِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ - يَأْتِيهَا ⦗٣٦٧⦘ وَهِيَ فِي إِبِلٍ لِأَهْلِهَا، وَلَا يُفَارِقُهَا حَتَّى يَظُنَّ أَنْ قَدِ اسْتَمَرَّ بِهَا حَمْلٌ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهَا فَهَرَقَتْ عَلَيْهِ الدِّمَاءُ، ثُمَّ تَخَلَّفَ هَذَا - يَعْنِي الْآخَرَ - وَلَا أَدْرِي مِنْ أَيِّهِمَا هُوَ، فَكَبَّرَ الْقَائِفُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِلْغُلَامِ: «وَالِ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ»،\n\n٢٠٣١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَزَادَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كَانَ يُلِيطُ أَوْلَادَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ بِمَنِ ادَّعَاهُمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ","vol":"14","page":366},{"text":"٢٠٣١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ تَدَاعَيَا وَلَدًا، فَدَعَا لَهُ عُمَرُ الْقَافَةَ، فَقَالُوا: قَدِ اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: «وَالِ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ»،\n\n٢٠٣٢٠ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ،\n\n٢٠٣٢١ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ","vol":"14","page":367},{"text":"٢٠٣٢٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ،  «أَنَّهُ شَكَّ فِي ابْنٍ لَهُ فَدَعَا لَهُ الْقَافَةَ» ⦗٣٦٨⦘\n\n٢٠٣٢٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ هِشَامٍ، قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مَوْصُولًا،\n\n٢٠٣٢٤ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ مُتِّبَعًا لِأَحَدِهِمَا يَذْهَبُ.\n\n٢٠٣٢٥ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: \" بَاعَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ جَارِيَةً كَانَ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا، فَظَهَرَ بِهَا حَمْلٌ عِنْدَ الْمُشَتَرِي، فَخَاصَمُوهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ قَالَ: فَدَعَا عُمَرُ الْقَافَةَ، فَنَظَرُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَأَلْحَقُوهُ بِهِ \"","vol":"14","page":367},{"text":"٢٠٣٢٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ مَرِضَ فَشَكَّ فِي حَمْلِ جَارِيَةٍ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنْ مِتُّ فَادْعُوا الْقَافَةَ فَصَحَّ»","vol":"14","page":368},{"text":"٢٠٣٢٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى «قَضَى بِالْقَافَةِ»\n\n٢٠٣٢٨ - وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ الْقَافَةِ","vol":"14","page":368},{"text":"٢٠٣٢٩ - وَأَمَّا مَا رَوَى الْبَصْرِيُّونَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَهُوَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اشْتَرَكَا فِي طُهْرِ امْرَأَةٍ، فَوَلَدَتْ وَلَدًا ⦗٣٦٩⦘، فَارْتَفَعَا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَدَعَا لَهُمَا ثَلَاثَةً مِنَ الْقَافَةِ، فَدَعَوْا بِتُرَابٍ، فَوَطِئَ فِيهِ الرَّجُلَانِ وَالْغُلَامُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَحَدِهِمُ: «انْظُرْ»، فَنَظَرَ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ فَاسْتَعْرَضَ وَاسْتَدْبَرَ، فَقَالَ: «أُسِرُّ أُمْ أُعْلِنُ؟»، فَقَالَ: بَلْ أَسِرَّ، فَقَالَ: «لَقَدْ أَخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا فَمَا أَدْرِي لِأَيِّهِمَا هُوَ»، فَأَجْلَسَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْآخَرِ: «انْظُرْ»، فَنَظَرَ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الثَّانِي وَالثَّالِثِ مِثْلَ مَا سَاقَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «إِنَّا نَقُوفُ الْآثَارَ ثَلَاثًا يَقُولُهَا»، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ قَائِفًا فَجَعَلَهُ لَهُمَا يَرِثَانِهِ وَيَرِثُهُمَا، فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ أَتَدْرِي مَنْ عَصَبَتُهُ؟ قَالَ: «الْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا»","vol":"14","page":368},{"text":"٢٠٣٣٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُبَارَكُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي رَجُلَيْنِ وَطِئَا جَارِيَةً فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَجَاءَتْ بِغُلَامٍ، فَارْتَفَعَا إِلَى عُمَرَ فَدَعَا لَهُمَا ثَلَاثَةً مِنَ الْقَافَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ آخِذٌ الشَّبَهَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ قَائِفًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ: قَدْ «كَانَتِ الْكَلْبَةُ يَنْزُو عَلَيْهَا الْكَلْبُ الْأَسْوَدُ وَالْأَصْفَرُ وَالْأَنْمَرُ، فَتُؤَدِّي إِلَى كُلِّ كَلْبٍ شَبَهَهُ، وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَرَى هَذَا فِي النَّاسِ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ هَذَا»، فَجَعَلَهُ عُمَرُ لَهُمَا يَرِثَانِهِ وَيَرِثُهُمَا، وَهُوَ لِلِبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا\n\n٢٠٣٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ كَانَ يُنَاظِرُهُ: قُلْنَا: فَقَدْ رَوَيْتَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ دَعَا الْقَافَةَ، فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّكَ لَا تَدْعُو الْقَافَةَ فَخَالَفْتَهُ\n\n٢٠٣٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَفِيمَا رُوِّينَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَلْحَقَهُ بِهِمَا لِأَنَّهُ أَخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنْهُمَا وَلَمْ تَدْرِ الْقَافَةُ لِأَيِّهِمَا هُوَ، أَلَا تَرَاهُ قَالَ: إِنَّا نَقُوفُ الْآثَارَ،\n\n٢٠٣٣٣ - وَقَالَ الرَّاوِي: وَكَانَ عُمَرُ قَائِفًا، فَدُلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ أَخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا دُونَ الْآخَرِ لَأَلْحَقَهُ بِهِ دُونَ الْآخَرِ، كَمَا فَعَلَ فِي قِصَّهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ⦗٣٧٠⦘،\n\n٢٠٣٣٤ - وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ مَذْهَبَهُمْ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَأَمَّا إِلْحَاقُهُ الْوَلَدَ بِهِمَا فَهُوَ يُخَالِفُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ مِنَ أَمْرِهِ الْغُلَامَ بِأَنْ يُوَالِيَ أَحَدَهُمَا عِنْدَ الِاشْتِبَاهِ عَلَى الْقَافَةِ،\n\n٢٠٣٣٥ - وَقَدْ أَجَابَ عَنْهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَأَنْ قَالَ: إِسْنَادُ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ مُتَّصِلٌ، وَالْمُتَّصِلُ أَثْبَتُ عِنْدَنَا، وَعِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ الْمُنْقَطِعِ، وَإِنَّمَا هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n٢٠٣٣٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ وَعُرْوَةُ أَحْسَنُ مُرْسَلًا، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مِمَّنْ رَوَيْتَ عَنْهُ يُرِيدُ رِوَايَةَ مُبَارَكِ بْنِ فَضَالَةِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، - فَإِنَّ مَرَاسِيلَ الْحَسَنِ غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ، وَمُبَارَكُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ لَيْسَ بِحُجَّةٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ\n\n٢٠٣٣٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ،\n\n٢٠٣٣٨ - وَلَا يَشُكُّ حَدِيثِيٌّ فِي أَنَّ مُرْسَلَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَعُرْوَةَ أَوْلَى مِنْ مُرْسَلِ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ وَالْحَسَنِ،\n\n٢٠٣٣٩ - وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ قَتَادَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَهِيَ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَقَدْ عَارَضَهَا رِوَايَةُ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ وَسُلَيْمَانِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ،\n\n٢٠٣٤٠ - وَرِوَايَةُ أَسْلَمَ الْمَنْقَرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ فِي قِصَّةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَهَذَا أَثْبَتُ، وَالْحِجَازِيُّونَ أَعْرَفُ بِأَحْكَامِ عُمَرَ","vol":"14","page":369},{"text":"٢٠٣٤١ - وَمَعَ رِوَايَتِهِمْ رِوَايَةُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلَانِ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي غُلَامٍ مِنْ أَوْلَادِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، يَقُولُ هَذَا: هُوَ ابْنِي، وَيَقُولُ هَذَا: هُوَ ابْنِي، فَدَعَا عُمَرُ قَائِفًا مِنْ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، فَسَأَلَ عَنِ الْغُلَامِ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُصْطَلِقِيُّ وَنَظَرَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ: قَدِ اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ جَمِيعًا، فَقَامَ عُمَرُ إِلَيْهِ بِالدِّرَّةِ، فَضَرَبَهُ بِهَا ⦗٣٧١⦘ حَتَّى اضْطَجَعَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بِكَ النَّظَرُ إِلَى غَيْرِ مَذْهَبٍ»، ثُمَّ دَعَا أُمَّ الْغُلَامِ، فَسَأَلَهَا فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ هَذَا لِأَحَدِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ وَقَعَ بِي عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُ، فَحَمَلْتُ فِيمَا أَرَى، فَأَصَابَنِي هِرَاقَةٌ مِنْ دَمٍ حَتَّى وَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِي أَنْ لَا شَيْءَ فِي بَطْنِي، ثُمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا الْآخَرَ وَقَعَ بِي، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي مِنْ أَيِّهِمَا هُوَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِلْغُلَامِ: «اتْبَعْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ»، فَقَامَ الْغُلَامُ فَاتَّبَعَ أَحَدَهُمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ مُتَّبِعٌ لِأَحَدِهِمَا، فَذَهَبَ بِهِ، وَقَالَ عُمَرُ: قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ أَخَا بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَكْفَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٠٣٤٢ - وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ مَوْصُولًا، وَفِيهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ حَاطِبٍ، شَهِدَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ، لَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ مَا لَا نَقُولُ بِهِ، وَقَوْلُ الْمُصْطَلِقِيِّ: «قَدِ اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ» يُرِيدُ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنْهُمَا، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ مِنْ أَيِّهِمَا هُوَ، فَأَمَرَهُ عِنْدَ الِاشْتِبَاهِ أَنْ يُوَالِيَ أَحَدَهُمَا، وَهَذَا قَوْلُنَا لَا نُخَالِفُ فِيهِ شَيْئًا بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ، وَرِوَايَةُ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مَحْفُوظَةً حُجَّتُنَا فِي الْقَوْلِ بِالْقَافَةِ وَالْحُكْمِ بِالشَّبَهِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى اتِّبَاعَ الشَّبَهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنَ اثْنَيْنِ، ثُمَّ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلَدُ الْوَاحِدُ مَخْلُوقًا مِنْ مَاءِ رَجُلَيْنِ، فَأَمَرَ بِاتِّبَاعِ أَحَدِهِمَا عِنْدَ الِاشْتِبَاهِ، وَحَكَمَ بِقَوْلِ الْقَافَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ هُنَاكَ اشْتِبَاهٌ،\n\n٢٠٣٤٣ - وَفِي هَذَا جَمْعٌ بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الْوَارِدَةِ فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَحَمْلُ الْمُنْقَطِعِ عَلَى الْمُتَّصِلِ عَلَى وَجْهٍ يَصِحُّ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ،\n\n٢٠٣٤٤ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْوَلَدَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَهُوَ لِلْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا، فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ سِمَاكٌ، عَنْ مَجْهُولٍ لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَقَابُوسٍ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ⦗٣٧٢⦘،\n\n٢٠٣٤٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِيهِ حُكْمٌ آخَرُ مَرْفُوعًا","vol":"14","page":370},{"text":"٢٠٣٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الْأَجْلَحِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اخْتَصَمَ إِلَيْهِ نَاسٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ يَدَّعُونَ وَلَدًا، فَسَأَلَهُمْ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ، قَالُوا: فَقَالَ: أَنْتُمْ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَارِكُونَ، ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَجَعَلَهُ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهُ، وَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فَقَالَ: «أَصَبْتَ»، أَوْ «أَحْسَنْتَ»","vol":"14","page":372},{"text":"٢٠٣٤٧ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ، عَنِ الْأَجْلَحِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمْ قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ: \" إِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا يَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيْهِ فِي وَلَدٍ وَقَدْ وَقَعُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَقَالَ لِاثْنَيْنِ مِنْهُمَا: طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَبَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِاثْنَيْنِ: طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَبَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِاثْنَيْنِ: طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَبَا، فَقَالَ: أَنْتُمْ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَارِكُونَ، إِنِّي مُقْرِعٌ بَيْنَكُمْ، فَمَنْ قَرَعَ فَلَهُ الْوَلَدُ وَعَلَيْهِ لِصَاحِبَيْهِ ثُلُثَا الدِّيَةِ، فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَجَعَلَهُ لِمَنْ قَرَعَ، فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَضْرَاسُهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: نَوَاجِذُهُ \"، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":372},{"text":"٢٠٣٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ أَوِ ابْنِ الْخَلِيلِ: «أَنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ اشْتَرَكُوا فِي طُهْرٍ، فَلَمْ يُدْرَ لِمَنِ الْوَلَدُ، فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يَقْتَرِعُوا، فَأَمَرَ الَّذِي أَصَابَتْهُ الْقُرْعَةُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ الْآخَرَيْنِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ»\n\n٢٠٣٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، وَهُمْ يُثْبِتُونَ هَذَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَيُخَالِفُونَهُ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ عِنْدَنَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قُلْنَا بِهِ\n\n٢٠٣٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَفِي رَفْعِهِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ بِالشَّرْحِ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ\n\n٢٠٣٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِدُعَاءِ الْقَافَةِ لَهُ، فَإِنْ أَلْحَقُوهُ بِأَحَدِهِمَا فَهُوَ ابْنُهُ، وَإِنْ أَلْحَقُوهُ بِكُلِّهِمْ أَوْ لَمْ يُلْحِقُوهُ بِأَحَدِهِمْ فَلَا إِرْثَ لَهُ، وَيُوقَفُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ فَيَنْتَسِبَ إِلَى أَيِّهِمْ شَاءَ\n\n٢٠٣٥٢ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَلَوْ عَرَفْنَاهَا أَخَذْنَا بِهَا، وَكَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ فِيهَا، وَإِنَّمَا احْتَجَجْنَا بِرِوَايَتِهِمْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ يُثْبِتُونَ مِثْلَهَا، ثُمَّ يَدَعُونَهَا","vol":"14","page":373},{"text":"٢٠٣٥٣ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، قَالَ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ: قَدْ كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ قَالَ:  «إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ قَافَةٌ، وَعُدِمَ الَّذِي مِنْ قِبَلِهِ الْبَيَانُ، أُقْرِعَ بَيْنَهُمْ»","vol":"14","page":373},{"text":"٢٠٣٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: قَالَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ⦗٣٧٤⦘ أَخْبَرَتْهُ: \" أَنَّ النِّكَاحَ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَنْحَاءَ: فَنِكَاحٌ مِنْهَا نِكَاحُ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ، يَخْطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَلِيَّتَهُ فَيُصْدِقُهَا، ثُمَّ يَنْكِحُهَا، وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ مِنْ طَمْثِهَا: أَرْسِلِي إِلَى فُلَانٍ فَاسْتَبْضِعِي مِنْهُ، وَيَعْتَزِلُهَا زَوْجُهَا وَلَا يَمَسُّهَا أَبَدًا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الَّذِي تَسْتَبْضِعُ مِنْهُ، فَإِذَا تَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا أَصَابَهَا زَوْجُهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ، وَإِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ رَغْبَةً فِي نَجَابَةِ الْوَلَدِ، فَكَانَ هَذَا النِّكَاحُ نِكَاحَ الِاسْتِبْضَاعِ، وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ يَجْتَمِعُ الرَّهْطُ دُونَ الْعَشَرَةِ، فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ كُلُّهُمْ يُصِيبُهَا، فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ وَوَضَعَتْ وَمَرَّ لَيَالٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعُوا عِنْدَهَا، فَتَقُولَ لَهُمْ: قَدْ عَرَفْتُمُ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ وَقَدْ وَلَدْتُ وَهُوَ ابْنُكَ يَا فُلَانُ - تُسَمِّي مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ مِنْهُمْ بِاسْمِهِ -، فَيَلْحَقَ بِهِ وَلَدُهَا، وَنِكَاحٌ رَابِعٌ: يَجْتَمِعُ النَّاسُ الْكَثِيرُ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ، وَلَا تُمْنَعُ مِمَّنْ جَاءَهَا، وَهُنَّ الْبَغَايَا كُنَّ يَنْصِبْنَ رَايَاتٍ عَلَى أَبُوَابِهِنَّ يَكُنَّ عَلَمًا، فَمَنْ أَرَادَهُنَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ، فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ فَوَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا جُمِعُوا لَهَا، وَدَعَوْا لَهَا الْقَافَةَ، ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُوا وَلَدَهَا بِالَّذِي يَرَوْنَ فَالْتَاطَتْهُ وَدُعِيَ ابْنَهُ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ هَدَمَ نِكَاحَ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كُلَّهُ إِلَّا نِكَاحَ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ الْيَوْمَ \"، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ\n\n٢٠٣٥٥ - وَمَنِ ادَّعَى نَسْخَ الْقَافَةِ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَقَدْ أَحَالَ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ النَّسْخَ مَا كَانَ ثَابِتًا فِي شَرْعِنَا ثُمَّ وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ النَّسْخُ، وَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا فِيهِ إِبْطَالُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ بُعِثَ نَكْحَةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ دُونَ وَاحِدٍ، وَوَصَفَتْ عَائِشَةُ ذَلِكَ الْوَاحِدَ،\n\n٢٠٣٥٦ - وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ النِّكَاحَ لَا يَجُوزُ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ، فَأَمَّا إِلْحَاقُ الْوَلَدِ بِقَوْلِ الْقَافَةِ فَهُوَ مِثْلُ مَا وَرَدَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ بَاطِلٌ لِأَنَّ وَطْأَهَا بَعْدَ مَا حَكَمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗٣٧٥⦘ بِبُطْلَانِ أَنْكِحَتِهِمْ زِنًا وَلَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى إِلْحَاقِ الْوَلَدِ بِالزَّانِي، وَإِنْ كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا، وَإِنَّمَا يُلْحَقُ الْوَلَدُ بِأَحَدِهِمْ بِقَوْلِ الْقَافَةِ عِنْدَ الِاشْتِبَاهِ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يُلْحِقُونَهُ بِهِمْ، وَفِي الزِّنَا لَا يُلْحِقُونَهُ بِجَمِيعِ مَنْ زَنَا بِهَا، وَلَا يُلْحِقُهُ بِأَحَدِهِمْ بِقَوْلِ الْقَافَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٣٥٧ - وَالَّذِي رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، كَانَ يُلِيطُ أَوْلَادَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ بِمَنِ ادَّعَاهُمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِيمَا سَلَفَ مِنْ أَنْكِحَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَعْتَقِدُونَ جَوَازَهَا، فَأَمَّا الْآنَ فَلَوْ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ مُسْلِمٌ لَمْ يُلْحَقْ بِهِ وَلَدُهَا، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ لِمَنِ اسْتَشْهَدَ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ، وَتَمَامُ الْحَدِيثِ حُجَّةٌ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا سَبَقَ ذِكْرُنَا لَهُ","vol":"14","page":373},{"text":"٢٠٣٥٨ - أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: زَعَمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ قَلْبَيْنِ فِي جَوْفِهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤]: مَا جَعَلَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَبَوَيْنِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِسِيَاقِ الْآيَةِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥] \"\n\n٢٠٣٥٩ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَى مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي شَأْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةِ، ضَرَبَ لَهُ مِثْلًا يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ ابْنُ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ مِثْلَ ابْنِكَ\n\n٢٠٣٦٠ - وَمَعْنَاهُ قَرِيبٌ مِمَّا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ التَّفْسِيرِ،\n\n٢٠٣٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا بِمَا حَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵁ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ. . . فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ تَبَنِّي زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ، وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْهُ قَالَ: وَقَالَ: ﴿مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ قَلْبَيْنِ فِي جَوْفِهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤]، يَقُولُ: \" مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَبَوَيْنِ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَا يَكُونُ لِزَيْدٍ أَبَوَانِ: حَارِثَةُ وَمُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ \"","vol":"14","page":375},{"text":"٢٠٣٦٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُنْذِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَذَكَرَ الْقَافَةَ، فَقَالَ: \" حَمَلَ رَجُلٌ صَبِيًّا مَعَهُ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى مَنْزِلِ الْقَائِفِ لِيُرِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ مَعَ الْجَمَاعَةِ مِنَ الصِّبْيَانِ، فَخَرَجَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ صَبِيَّةٌ لَهُ صَغِيرَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: مَنْ تَطْلُبُونَ؟ قُلْنَا: فُلَانًا قَالَتْ: أَنَا ابْنَتُهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُلْحِقُوا الصَّبِيَّ، ذَاكَ ابْنُكَ - تَعْنِي الْغُلَامَ الَّذِي كَانُوا قَصَدُوا الْقَائِفَ بِهِ -، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَتْ جَاءَ أَبُوهَا، فَقَالَ: مَا حَاجَتُكُمْ؟ فَقُلْنَا: أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نُلْحِقَ بِهَذَا وَلَدَهُ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ، فَقَالَ: أَيَّ شَيْءٍ قَالَتْ لَكُمُ ابْنَتِي؟ قَالُوا: نَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ أَنْ تَحْمِلَنَا عَلَى مَا قَالَتِ ابْنَتُكَ قَالَ: تَعَالَوْا، فَذَهَبَ بِهِمْ إِلَى دَارٍ فِيهَا غَنَمٌ كَثِيرٌ لَهَا جَدَايَا فَفَرَّقَ جَدَايَاهُمْ: جَعَلَ أَوْلَادَ هَذِهِ عِنْدَ غَيْرِهَا، وَدَعَا ابْنَتَهُ الصَّغِيرَةَ، فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّةُ انْظُرِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْغَنَمَ قَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ يَا أَبَتِ مَا وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَهَا جَدَاهَا قَالَ: فَرُدِّي كُلَّ وَاحِدَةٍ إِلَى مَوْضِعِهَا، فَجَعَلَتْ تَأْخُذُ كُلَّ جَدْيٍ فَتَرُدُّهُ إِلَى أُمِّهِ، وَوَافَقَهَا فِيمَا قَالَتْ مِنَ الصَّبِيِّ \"\n\n٢٠٣٦٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ: وَإِذَا أَسْلَمَ أَحَدُ أَبَوَيْهِ، وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ أَوْ مَعْتُوهٌ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْحُجَّةِ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَكَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ أَوْلَى بِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَعْلَى الْإِسْلَامَ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ، وَالْأَعْلَى أَوْلَى بِأَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ الْحُكْمُ\n\n٢٠٣٦٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ. وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَرْسَلَهُ الْحَسَنُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ. وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ","vol":"14","page":376},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1394>مَتَاعُ الْبَيْتِ يَخْتَلِفُ فِيهِ الزَّوْجَانِ</span>","vol":"14","page":377},{"text":"٢٠٣٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: «إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ فِي مَتَاعِ الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي هُمَا فِيهِ سَاكِنَانِ، فَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ فِي أَيْدِيهِمَا، فَيَحْلِفُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ عَلَى دَعْوَاهُ، فَإِنْ حَلِفَا جَمِيعًا فَالْمَتَاعُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ؛ لِأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَدْ يَمْلِكُ مَتَاعَ النِّسَاءِ بِالشِّرَاءِ، وَالْمِيرَاثِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ قَدْ تَمْلِكُ مَتَاعَ الرَّجُلِ بِالشِّرَاءِ، وَالْمِيرَاثِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ»\n\n٢٠٣٦٦ - وَقَدِ اسْتَحَلَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَاطِمَةَ ﵂ بِبَدَنٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ، وَهَذَا مِنْ مَتَاعِ الرِّجَالِ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ مَالِكَةً لِلْبَدَنِ دُونَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،\n\n٢٠٣٦٧ - وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ امْرَأَةً كَانَ بَيْنِي، وَبَيْنَهَا صِهْرٌ عِنْدَهَا سَيْفٌ اسْتَقَامَتْهُ فِي مِيرَاثِ أَبِيهَا بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ وَدِرْعٍ، وَمُصْحَفٍ فَكَانَ لَهَا دُونَ أَخَوَيْهَا،\n\n٢٠٣٦٨ - وَرَأَيْتُ مَنْ وَرِثَ أُمَّهُ، وَأُخْتَهُ فَاسْتَحْيَا مِنْ بَيْعِ مَتَاعِهِمَا، وَصَارَ مَالِكًا لِمَتَاعِ النِّسَاءِ،\n\n٢٠٣٦٩ - وَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا مَوْجُودًا فَلَا يَجُوزُ فِيهِ غَيْرُ مَا وَصَفْتُ، وَأَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا","vol":"14","page":377},{"text":"٢٠٣٧٠ - وَحَكَى فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْإِجَازَةِ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ أَنَّهُ: كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنَ الْمَتَاعِ فَهُوَ لِلرَّجُلِ، وَمَا كَانَ لِلنِّسَاءِ فَهُوَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ، وَمَا كَانَ لِلرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ فَهُوَ لِلْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا، وَذَلِكَ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَالْبَاقِي لِلزَّوْجِ»\n\n٢٠٣٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: مَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ فَهُوَ لِلرَّجُلٍ، وَمَا كَانَ لِلنِّسَاءِ فَهُوَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ،\n\n٢٠٣٧٢ - وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ","vol":"14","page":378},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1395>أَخْذُ الرَّجُلِ حَقَّهُ مِمَّنْ مَنَعَهُ إِيَّاهُ</span>","vol":"14","page":379},{"text":"٢٠٣٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّهَا حَدَّثَتْهُ أَنَّ هِنْدَ أُمَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ جَاءَتْ تَسْأَلُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ، وَإِنَّهُ لَا يُعْطِينِي وَوَلَدِي إِلَّا مَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ سِرًّا، وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ، فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ»\n\n٢٠٣٧٤ - زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِذَا كَانَتْ هِنْدُ زَوْجَةً لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَكَانَتِ الْقَيِّمَ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا لِصِغَرِهِمْ بِأَمْرِ زَوْجِهَا، فَأَذِنَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْ مَالِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مَا يَكْفِيهَا وَوَلَدَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، فَمِثْلُهَا الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْحَقُّ بِأَيِّ وَجْهٍ كَانَ فَيَمْنَعُهُ إِيَّاهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ مَالِهِ حَيْثُ وَجَدَهُ سِرًّا، وَعَلَانِيَةً، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي التَّفْرِيغِ، وَفِي الْحُجَّةِ فِيهِ مَعَ مَنْ كَلَّمَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَالُ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَدِّ الْأَمَانَةَ إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ، وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ» ⦗٣٨٠⦘\n\n٢٠٣٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْنَا: لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْكُمْ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ عَلَيْنَا، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِي بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: إِذَا دَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ، وَإِجْمَاعُ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الرَّجُلُ حَقَّهُ لِنَفْسِهِ سِرًّا مِنَ الَّذِي هُوَ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا دَلَّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِخِيَانَةٍ، الْخِيَانَةُ أَخْذُ مَا لَا يَحِلُّ أَخْذُهُ، فَلَوْ خَانَنِي دِرْهَمًا فَقُلْتُ: قَدِ اسْتَحَلَّ خِيَانَتِي. لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْهُ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ مُكَافَأَةَ خِيَانَتِهِ لِي، وَكَانَ لِي أَنْ آخُذَ دِرْهَمًا، فَلَا أَكُونُ بِهَذَا خَائِنًا ظَالِمًا كَمَا كُنْتُ خَائِنًا ظَالِمًا بِأَخْذِ تِسْعَةٍ مَعَ دِرْهَمِي لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَخُنْهَا، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"14","page":379},{"text":"٢٠٣٧٦ - وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ شَرِيكٌ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَدِّ الْأَمَانَةَ إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ، وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ الْعُقَبِيُّ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيِّ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا طَلْقُ بْنُ غَنَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، وَقَيْسٌ: فَذَكَرَاهُ.\n\n٢٠٣٧٧ - زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ: قُلْتُ: لِطَلْقِ بْنِ غَنَّامٍ: أَكْتُبُ شَرِيكًا، وَأَدَعُ قَيْسًا قَالَ: أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٢٠٣٧٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ ضَعِيفٌ، وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ لَا يَحْتَجُّونَ بِمَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ شَرِيكٌ لِكَثْرَةِ أَوْهَامِهِ\n\n٢٠٣٧٩ - وَرَوَاهُ يُوسُفُ بْنُ مَاهَكَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَهُوَ مَجْهُولٌ","vol":"14","page":380},{"text":"٢٠٣٨٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ طَارِقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَفْصٍ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، عَنْ ⦗٣٨١⦘ مَكْحُولٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِأَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ: الرَّجُلُ أَسْتَوْدِعُهُ الْوَدِيعَةَ أَوْ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ فَيَجْحَدُنِي، ثُمَّ يَسْتَوْدِعُنِي أَوْ يَكُونُ لَهُ عِنْدِي الشَّيْءُ أَفَأَجْحَدُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا. سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «أَدِّ الْأَمَانَةَ إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ، وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ»\n\n٢٠٣٨١ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٠٣٨٢ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَأَبُو حَفْصٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ هَذَا مَجْهُولٌ، وَمَكْحُولٌ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ. قَالَهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنْهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ","vol":"14","page":380},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1396>٤٤ - كِتَابُ الْعِتْقِ</span>","vol":"14","page":385},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1397>بَابُ الْعِتْقِ</span>","vol":"14","page":385},{"text":"٢٠٣٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ ⦗٣٨٦⦘ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ⦗٣٨٧⦘ الْكُوفِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَلَى ظَهْرِ بَيْتٍ، فَدَعَا بَنِيهِ ⦗٣٨٨⦘ فَقَالَ: يَا بَنِيَّ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً أَعْتَقَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهَا عُضْوًا مِنْهُ مِنَ النَّارِ»\n\n٢٠٣٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَى قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ أَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَ غُلَامِهِ، فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «هُوَ حُرٌّ لَيْسَ لِلَّهِ شَرِيكٌ»","vol":"14","page":385},{"text":"٢٠٣٨٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ هَمَّامٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ مِنْ غُلَامٍ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ لِلَّهِ شَرِيكٌ»\n\n٢٠٣٨٦ - وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ","vol":"14","page":388},{"text":"٢٠٣٨٧ - وَحَدِيثُ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «يُعْتِقُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ عَبْدِهِ مَا شَاءَ إِنْ شَاءَ ثُلُثَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ رُبُعًا» لَا يَصِحُّ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فَضَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"14","page":388},{"text":"٢٠٣٨٨ - وَحَدِيثُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، فِيمَنْ أَعْتَقَ نِصْفَ عَبْدِهِ، فَجَاءَ الْعَبْدُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «تُعْتِقُ فِي عِتْقِكَ، وَتَرِقُّ فِي رِقِّكَ» تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ: وَعَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ لَيْسَتْ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ","vol":"14","page":389},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1398>عِتْقُ الشَّرِيكِ، وَمَا فِي الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ</span>","vol":"14","page":390},{"text":"٢٠٣٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ الْعَدْلِ فَأَعْطَى شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ، وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ، وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ» أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٢٠٣٩٠ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، ثُمَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ مَا دَلَّ أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ مُوسِرًا عَتَقَ كُلُّهُ يَوْمَ تَكَلَّمَ بِالْعِتْقِ،\n\n٢٠٣٩١ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ: «فَيَدْفَعُ ثَمَنَهُ إِلَى شُرَكَائِهِ، وَأُعْتِقَ فِي مَالِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ» ⦗٣٩١⦘،\n\n٢٠٣٩٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ قَالَ: «فَيُعْطِي شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ، وَيُخَلَّى سَبِيلُ الْمُعْتَقِ»،\n\n٢٠٣٩٣ - وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُكْمِلَ عِتْقَهُ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ»،\n\n٢٠٣٩٤ - فَكَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُرَاعُوا هَذَا، وَإِنَّمَا رَاعَوْا حُصُولَ الْعِتْقِ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، وَوُجُوبَ الضَّمَانِ إِذَا كَانَ مُوسِرًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":390},{"text":"٢٠٣٩٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كَانَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا فَإِنَّهُ يُقَوَّمُ بِأَعْلَى الْقِيمَةِ أَوْ قِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ، لَيْسَتْ بِوَكْسٍ، وَلَا شَطَطٍ، ثُمَّ يَغْرَمُ لِهَذَا حِصَّتَهُ»\n\n٢٠٣٩٦ - وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «بِأَعْلَى الْقِيمَةِ، وَيَعْتِقُ»، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: «قِيمَتُهُ لَا وَكْسَ فِيهَا، وَلَا شَطَطَ». أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ","vol":"14","page":391},{"text":"٢٠٣٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ مَكْحُولًا، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، يَقُولُ: أَعْتَقَتِ امْرَأَةٌ أَوْ رَجُلٌ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ لَهَا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ، فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَهُمْ» ⦗٣٩٢⦘\n\n٢٠٣٩٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي مَرَضِ الْمُعْتَقِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ","vol":"14","page":391},{"text":"٢٠٣٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ: \" أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَأَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمَالِيكٍ، وَلَيْسَ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ. أَوْ قَالَ: أَعْتَقَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ سِتَّةَ مَمَالِيكٍ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ فِيهِ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ","vol":"14","page":392},{"text":"٢٠٤٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأَخُذُ وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ ثَابِتٌ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،\n\n٢٠٤٠١ - ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَذْهَبَ نَفْسِهِ، ثُمَّ مَذْهَبَ غَيْرِهِ فِي اسْتِسْعَاءِ الْعَبْدِ فِي بَاقِيهِ.\n\n٢٠٤٠٢ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ مَنْ، يَحْتَجُّ بِأَنْ رُوِيَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «فِي الْعَبْدِ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ يُعْتِقُهُ أَحَدُهُمَا وَهُوَ مُعْسِرٌ يَسْعَى»","vol":"14","page":392},{"text":"٢٠٤٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السَّعْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ شِقْصٌ ⦗٣٩٣⦘ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ، فَعَلَيْهِ خَلَاصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ اسْتَسْعَى الْعَبْدُ فِي ثَمَنِ رَقَبَتِهِ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ»\n\n٢٠٤٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ حَدِيثَكَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ لَوْ كَانَ مُنْفَرِدًا بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِيهِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءُ\n\n٢٠٤٠٥ - وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ شُعْبَةُ، وَهِشَامٌ؟ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ: حَدِيثُ شُعْبَةَ، وَهِشَامٍ هَكَذَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ اسْتِسْعَاءٌ، وَهُمَا أَحْفَظُ مِنَ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ\n\n٢٠٤٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ: لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ، وَحَدِيثُ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ\n\n٢٠٤٠٧ - قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْهُ: شُعْبَةُ، وَهِشَامٌ، أَحْفَظُ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرَا فِيهِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءَ\n\n٢٠٤٠٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ: وَلَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ النَّظَرِ وَالتَّدَيُّنِ مِنْهُمْ وَالْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ يَقُولُ: لَوْ كَانَ حَدِيثُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ فِي الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ مُنْفَرِدًا لَا يُخَالِفُهُ غَيْرُهُ مَا كَانَ ثَابِتًا\n\n٢٠٤٠٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ النَّاسُ حِفْظَ سَعِيدٍ ⦗٣٩٤⦘\n\n٢٠٤١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا كَمَا قَالَ: فَقَدِ اخْتَلَطَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ حَتَّى أَنْكَرُوا حِفْظَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ قَدْ رَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَلِذَلِكَ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ\n\n٢٠٤١١ - وَاسْتَشْهَدَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَأَبَانَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْعَطَّارِ، وَمُوسَى بْنِ خَلَفٍ الْعَمِّيِّ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، بِذِكْرِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ فِيهِ. وَإِنَّمَا يُضَعِّفُ أَمْرَ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ رِوَايَةُ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فَإِنَّهُ فَصَلَهُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ قَتَادَةَ،\n\n٢٠٤١٢ - وَلَعَلَّ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَ الشَّافِعِيَّ، بِضَعْفِهِ وَقَفَ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ هَمَّامٍ أَوْ عَرَفَ عِلَّةً أُخْرَى لَمْ يَقِفْ عَلَيْهَا، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":392},{"text":"٢٠٤١٣ - فَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ هَمَّامٍ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَابَجِرْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ، فَغَرَّمَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، بَقِيَّةَ ثَمَنِهِ»\n\n٢٠٤١٤ - قَالَ هَمَّامٌ: وَكَانَ قَتَادَةُ يَقُولُ: إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ اسْتَسْعَى\n\n٢٠٤١٥ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ صَاحِبُ «الْخِلَافِيَّاتِ» عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَاعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ،\n\n٢٠٤١٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ","vol":"14","page":394},{"text":"٢٠٤١٦ - وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ، يَقُولُ: «أَحَادِيثُ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، مِنْ أَصَحِّ الْأَحَادِيثِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَتَبَهَا إِمْلَاءً» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى. . . فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":394},{"text":"٢٠٤١٧ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانِ قَالَ:  «شُعْبَةُ أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِحَدِيثِ قَتَادَةَ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْهُ وَمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ، وَهِشَامٌ أَحْفَظُ وَسَعِيدٌ أَكْثَرُ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ كَامِلٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا قِلَابَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.\n\n٢٠٤١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ هَاهُنَا شُعْبَةُ مَعَ فَضْلِ حِفْظِهِ، وَعِلْمِهِ بِمَا سَمِعَ مِنْ قَتَادَةَ وَمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ، وَهِشَامٌ مَعَ فَضْلِ حِفْظِهِ، وَهَمَّامٌ مَعَ صِحَّةِ كِتَابِهِ، وَزِيَادَةِ مَعْرِفَتِهِ بِمَا لَيْسَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى خِلَافِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُ فِي إِدْرَاجِ السِّعَايَةِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَفِي هَذَا مَا يُضَعِّفُ ثُبُوتَ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"14","page":395},{"text":"٢٠٤١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَقِيلَ لِمَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ: لَوِ اخْتَلَفَ نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَحْدَهُ، وَهَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ أَيُّهُمَا كَانَ أَثْبَتَ؟ \" قَالَ: نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. قُلْتُ: «وَعَلَيْنَا أَنْ نَصِيرَ إِلَى الْأَثْبَتِ مِنَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ» قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ: «فَمَعَ نَافِعٍ حَدِيثُ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ بِإِبْطَالِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ» قَالَ: فَقَامَ بَعْضُهُمْ يُنَاظِرُنِي فِي قَوْلِنَا، وَقَوْلِكَ. فَقُلْتُ: «أَوَلِلْمُنَاظَرَةِ مَوْضِعٌ مَعَ ثُبُوتِ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بِطَرْحِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ فِي حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ، وَعِمْرَانَ؟» قَالَ: إِنَّا نَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ: «فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ» وَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَقُلْهُ قَالَ: وَأَكْثَرُ ظَنِّي أَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ كَانَ يَقُولُ نَافِعٌ بِرَأْيِهِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَا أَحْسِبُ عَالِمًا بِالْحَدِيثِ وَرُوَاتِهِ يَشُكُّ فِي أَنَّ مَالِكًا أَحْفَظُ لِحَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ مِنْ أَيُّوبَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَلْزَمَ لَهُ مِنْ أَيُّوبَ، وَلِمَالِكٍ. فَقِيلَ: حِفْظُهُ لِحَدِيثِ أَصْحَابِهِ خَاصَّةً وَلَوِ اسْتَوَيَا فِي الْحِفْظِ فَشَكَّ أَحَدُهُمَا فِي شَيْءٍ لَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ صَاحِبُهُ، لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا مَوْضِعٌ لِأَنْ يُغَلَّطَ بِهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَشُكَّ إِنَّمَا يُغَلَّطُ الرَّجُلُ بِخِلَافِ مَنْ هُوَ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ أَوْ يَأْتِي بِشَيْءٍ فِي الْحَدِيثِ يُشْرِكُهُ فِي مَنْ لَمْ يَحْفَظْ مِنْهُ مَا حَفِظَ مِنْهُ، هُمْ عَدَدٌ وَهُوَ مُنْفَرِدٌ، قَدْ وَافَقَ مَالِكًا فِي زِيَادَةٍ: وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ \". يَعْنِي غَيْرَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ نَافِعٍ ⦗٣٩٦⦘. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَزَادَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «وَرَقَّ مِنْهُ مَا رَقَّ»\n\n٢٠٤٢٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَصَحُّ الْأَسَانِيدِ كُلِّهَا: مَالِكٌ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n٢٠٤٢١ - وَقَالَ أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ: كَانَتْ لِمَالِكٍ حَلَقَةٌ فِي حَيَاةِ نَافِعٍ\n\n٢٠٤٢٢ - وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: كَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ لَا يُقَدِّمُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ أَحَدًا","vol":"14","page":395},{"text":"٢٠٤٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَشْنَانِيُّ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ: مَالِكٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ فِي نَافِعٍ أَوْعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ؟ قَالَ: «مَالِكٌ» قُلْتُ: فَأَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ؟ قَالَ: «مَالِكٌ»\n\n٢٠٤٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ، وأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: كَانَ مَالِكٌ مِنْ أَثْبَتِ النَّاسِ فِي حَدِيثِهِ\n\n٢٠٤٢٥ - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ تَابَعَ مَالِكًا عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَثْبَتُ آلِ عُمَرَ فِي زَمَانِهِ وَأَحْفَظُهُمْ: عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ","vol":"14","page":396},{"text":"٢٠٤٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُهُ كُلِّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا أَعْتَقَ»\n\n٢٠٤٢٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ ⦗٣٩٧⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ»","vol":"14","page":396},{"text":"٢٠٤٢٨ - وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ:  «وَإِلَّا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ وَرَقَّ مَا بَقِيَ» فَهُوَ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":397},{"text":"٢٠٤٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَرَوَى يَعْنِي مَنِ احْتَجَّ فِي الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَوَثَابِتٌ حَدِيثُ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ لَوْ لَمْ يُخَالِفْ فِيهِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَنْ خَالِدٍ؟ فَقَالَ: مَنْ حَضَرَهُ: هُوَ مُرْسَلٌ. وَلَوْ كَانَ مَوْصُولًا كَانَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَمْ يُسَمَّ لَا يُعْرَفُ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ حَدِيثُهُ \"\n\n٢٠٤٣٠ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: قُلْتُ فَعَنْ مَنْ رَوَيْتَ الِاسْتِسْعَاءَ؟ قَالَ: رَوَاهُ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا لَهُ يَعْنِي فِي مَرَضِهِ فَأَعْتَقَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثُلُثَهُ وَاسْتَسْعَاهُ فِي ثُلُثَيْ قِيمَتِهِ\n\n٢٠٤٣١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: قَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ فِي الرَّجُلِ مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ، وَقَالَ أَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَهُ لَيْسَ فِيهِ اسْتِسْعَاءٌ\n\n٢٠٤٣٢ - وَذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، لَيْسَ فِيهِ اسْتِسْعَاءٌ، وَثَلَاثَةٌ أَحَقُّ بِالْحِفْظِ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ، وَابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ أَحْفَظُ مِنْ هُشَيْمٍ. وَنَرَى هُشَيْمًا غَلَطَ فِيهِ ثُمَّ ضَعَّفَهُ بِانْقِطَاعِهِ كَمَا قَالَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ ⦗٣٩٨⦘\n\n٢٠٤٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا: فَعَارَضَنَا مِنْهُمْ مُعَارِضٌ بِحَدِيثٍ آخَرَ فِي الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ فَقَطَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَقَالَ: لَا يَذْكُرُ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَحَدٌ يَعْرِفُ الْحَدِيثَ لِضَعْفِهِ\n\n٢٠٤٣٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلَعَلَّهُ عُورِضَ بِرِوَايَةِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى الْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ عَبْدٍ أَعْتَقَهُ مَوْلَاهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَسْعَى فِي الدَّيْنِ،\n\n٢٠٤٣٥ - هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرَاوِيهِ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ\n\n٢٠٤٣٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ\n\n٢٠٤٣٧ - قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ: وَهَذَا مِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْفِرْيَةِ، كَيْفَ يَكُونُ هَذَا عَلَى مَا رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ يَعْنِي عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ ذِكْرُنَا لَهُ. وَأَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ فِي إِنْكَارِهِ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ\n\n٢٠٤٣٨ - وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: كَانَ ثَلَاثُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُونَ،. . . . يَعْنِي بِالِاسْتِسْعَاءِ، وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْكَرٌ\n\n٢٠٤٣٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ. وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى بُطْلَانِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ.\n\n٢٠٤٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: فَقَالَ لِي: هَلْ رُوِّيتُمْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا شَيْئًا؟ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: نَعَمْ بِمِثْلِ قَوْلِنَا قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا أَيْضًا بِمِثْلِ قَوْلِنَا كِلْتَا رِوَايَتَيْنِ ⦗٣٩٩⦘.\n\n٢٠٤٤١ - أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا مِنَ الصِّحَّةِ بِخِلَافِ قَوْلِكُمْ خِلَافًا بَعِيدًا قَالَ: وَمَا هِيَ؟ قُلْتُ: زَعَمْتُمْ بِأَحْسَنِ إِسْنَادٍ عِنْدَكُمْ أَنَّ عَبْدًا كَانَ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ فِيهِ حَقٌّ فَاسْتَشَارَ شُرَكَاؤُهُ عُمَرَ فِي الْعِتْقِ. فَقَالَ: أَعْتِقُوا فَإِذَا بَلَغَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَإِنْ رَغِبَ فِي مِثْلِ مَا رَغِبْتُمْ، وَإِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى حَقِّهِ. . . وَهَذَا خِلَافُ قَوْلِكُمْ.\n\n٢٠٤٤٢ - وَرُوِّيتُمْ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يُعْتِقُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ عَبْدِهِ مَا شَاءَ. وَهَذَا أَيْضًا خِلَافُ قَوْلِكُمْ قَالَ: فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءَ؟، قُلْنَا: لَيْسَ بِصَحِيحٍ عَنْهُ وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، خِلَافُ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي أَحَدٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ\n\n٢٠٤٤٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَمَّا الْأَثَرُ الْأَوَّلُ فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَرْغَبَ فِي مِثْلِ مَا رَغِبْتُمْ فِيهِ أَوْ يَأْخُذَ نَصِيبَهُ، وَرَأَيْتُ فِيَ رِوَايَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ: وَإِلَّا ضَمِنَكُمْ،\n\n٢٠٤٤٤ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي حَكَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الْحَكَمُ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَبْدٌ فَأَعْتَقَ نِصْفَهُ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَا عَتَقَ: وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ: الْحَكَمُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَلِيًّا\n\n٢٠٤٤٥ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مَنْ دُونَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي إِبْطَالِ الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ فَهُوَ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رَوَوْا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي الِاسْتِسْعَاءِ، فَقَدْ حَكَى ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: «فِيمَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا لَهُ فِي مَرَضِهِ لَا مَالَ لَهُ غَيْرَهُ أَنَّهُ يَعْتِقُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَرِقُّ ثُلُثَاهُ»\n\n٢٠٤٤٦ - وَهَذَا مَا يُخَالِفُ مَا رَوَوْا عَنْهُ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ التَّلِبِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَلَمْ يُضَمِّنْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗٤٠٠⦘\n\n٢٠٤٤٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدًا كَانَ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنٍ، فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ، فَحَبَسَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَتَّى بَاعَ فِيهِ غُنَيْمَةً لَهُ،\n\n٢٠٤٤٨ - وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ. فَإِنْ صَحَّ فَيَكُونُ الْخَبَرُ وَارِدًا فِي الْمُوسِرِ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ التَّلِبِّ فِي الْمُعْسِرِ، وَهُوَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَجْمُوعٌ.\n\n٢٠٤٤٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْعَبْدِ، يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُهُ؟ قَالَ: «أَحْكَامُهُ أَحْكَامُ الْعَبْدِ حَتَّى يُعْتَقَ كُلُّهُ»\n\n٢٠٤٥٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَمَلَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ السِّعَايَةَ، الْمَذْكُورَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ عَلَى اسْتِسْعَاءِ الْعَبْدِ عِنْدَ إِعْسَارِ الشَّرِيكِ بِاخْتِيَارِ الْعَبْدِ دُونَ الْإِجْبَارِ أَلَا تَرَاهُ قَالَ: «غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ»، وَفِي إِجْبَارِهِ عَلَى السَّعْيِ فِي قِيمَتِهِ وَهُوَ لَا يُرِيدُهُ مَشَقَّةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٢٠٤٥١ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي بَعْضِ طُرُقِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ شِرْكٌ فِي غُلَامٍ، ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ، وَهُوَ حَيٌّ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فِي مَالِهِ، ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَ»\n\n٢٠٤٥٢ - وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: «وَهُوَ حَيٌّ» إِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":397},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1399>عِتْقُ الْعَبِيدِ لَا يَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ</span>\n٢٠٤٥٣ - اسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي إِثْبَاتِ الْقُرْعَةِ بِقِصَّةِ يُونُسَ، وَمَرْيَمَ ﵉. وِإِقْرَاعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، إِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَرًا بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهَا","vol":"14","page":401},{"text":"٢٠٤٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنِ: \" أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَأَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمَالِيكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ. أَوْ قَالَ: أَعْتَقَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ سِتَّةَ مَمَالِيكَ لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ غَيْرُهُمْ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ فِيهِ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً \" أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ كَانَ يَشُكُّ فِيهِ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَإِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ عَلَى مَعْنَى اللَّفْظِ الثَّانِي","vol":"14","page":401},{"text":"٢٠٤٥٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَجَزَّأَهُمْ أَجْزَاءً، وَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً» وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، فَذَكَرُوهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ ⦗٤٠٢⦘. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ\n\n٢٠٤٥٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ، سَمِعَ هُشَيْمًا، يَذْكُرُ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ","vol":"14","page":401},{"text":"٢٠٤٥٧ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ كَامِلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُسْتَمْلِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ مَالًا غَيْرَهُمْ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَغَضِبَ فَقَالَ: «لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ لَا أُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ»، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِهِمْ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَأَقْرَعَ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً\n\n٢٠٤٥٨ - رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَحُمَيْدٍ، وَسَمَّاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَأَقْرَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَرَدَّ أَرْبَعَةً فِي الرِّقِّ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّفَّارُ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحِنَّائِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٠٤٥٩ - وَعَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنِ","vol":"14","page":402},{"text":"٢٠٤٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، كَمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَتِيقٍ، وَأَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً» ⦗٤٠٣⦘\n\n٢٠٤٦١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ عَتِيقٍ، وَهِشَامٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ: وَلَوْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَكَانَ رَأْيِي أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ\n\n٢٠٤٦٢ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ فَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ يُؤَكِّدُ رِوَايَةَ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ كَمَا مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقُرْعَةِ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ","vol":"14","page":402},{"text":"٢٠٤٦٣ - وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا: أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِجَازَةً، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً، أَعْتَقَتْ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهَا عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ لَيْسَ لَهَا مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَأَقْرَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ:  «فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً»","vol":"14","page":403},{"text":"٢٠٤٦٤ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ رِوَايَةَ أَبِي زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهِيَ فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي زَيْدٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ: وَقَالَ يَعْنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «لَوْ شَهِدْتُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ لَمْ يُدْفَنْ فِي مَقَابِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ» ⦗٤٠٤⦘\n\n٢٠٤٦٥ - وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"14","page":403},{"text":"٢٠٤٦٦ - وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، قَضَى فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِعِتْقِ رَقِيقِهِ، وَفِيهِمُ الْكَبِيرُ، وَالصَّغِيرُ، فَاسْتَشَارَ عُمَرُ رِجَالًا مِنْهُمْ خَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ. فَقَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: وَحَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ:  «أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ»","vol":"14","page":404},{"text":"٢٠٤٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ: «أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَ رَقِيقِهِ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ»","vol":"14","page":404},{"text":"٢٠٤٦٨ - قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا فِي زَمَانِ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ أَعْتَقَ رَقِيقًا لَهُ جَمِيعًا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ، «فَأَمَرَ أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بِذَلِكَ الرَّقِيقِ، فَقُسِّمُوا أَثْلَاثًا، ثُمَّ أَسْهَمَ عَلَى أَيِّهِمْ يَخْرُجُ سَهْمُ الْمَيِّتِ فَيُعْتَقُوا فَخَرَجَ السَّهْمُ عَلَى أَحَدِ أَلَأَثْلَاثِ، فَعُتِقُوا»\n\n٢٠٤٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ\n\n٢٠٤٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا كُلِّهِ نَأْخُذُ","vol":"14","page":404},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1400>مَنْ يُعْتَقُ بِالْمِلْكِ</span>\n٢٠٤٧١ - أَمَّا عِتْقُ الْوَلَدِ عَلَى وَالِدِهِ، وَالْوَالِدِ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ فَإِنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ كَانَ يَقُولُ بِهِ وَعَلَّلَ فَقَالَ: وَلَا يَثْبُتُ لَهُ مِلْكٌ عَلَى شَيْءٍ خُلِقَ مِنْهُ، كَمَا إِذَا مَلَكَ نَفْسَهُ عَتَقَ","vol":"14","page":405},{"text":"٢٠٤٧٢ - وَيَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْإِخْبَارِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَجْزِي وَلَدٌ وَالِدَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِدَهُ مَمْلُوكًا، فَيَشْتَرِيَهُ، فَيُعْتِقَهُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ\n\n٢٠٤٧٣ - وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ «فَيُعْتِقَهُ» أَيْ بِمَا فَعَلَ مِنَ اشْتِرَائِهِ؛ وَذَلِكَ لِذَهَابِ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَى عِتْقِهِ بِالْمِلْكِ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِعْتَاقٍ جَدِيدٍ","vol":"14","page":405},{"text":"٢٠٤٧٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ:  «مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ»\n\n٢٠٤٧٥ - وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: «أَوْ ذَا مَحْرَمٍ». شَكَّ الضَّحَّاكُ.\n\n٢٠٤٧٦ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ","vol":"14","page":405},{"text":"٢٠٤٧٧ - وَقَالَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ: قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ:  «لَا يُسْتَرَقُّ ذُو رَحِمٍ»\n\n٢٠٤٧٨ - وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ: الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْمَوْلُودِينَ. فَرَاوِيهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: لَا يُعْتَقُ إِلَّا الْوَلَدُ وَالْوَالِدُ","vol":"14","page":406},{"text":"٢٠٤٧٩ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ»\n\n٢٠٤٨٠ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي لَفْظِهِ: مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا مَحْرَمٍ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: ذَا رَحِمٍ،\n\n٢٠٤٨١ - وَرَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، وَقَالَ: عَنْ سَمُرَةَ: فِيمَا يَحْسِبُ حَمَّادٌ، فَكَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَشُكُّ فِي ذِكْرِ سَمُرَةَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ.\n\n٢٠٤٨٢ - وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ؛ فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: «مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ»\n\n٢٠٤٨٣ - وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: «مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ»\n\n٢٠٤٨٤ - وَالْحَدِيثُ إِذَا انْفَرَدَ بِهِ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثُمَّ يَشُكُّ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ يُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ مَنْ هُوَ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ وَجَبَ التَّوَقُّفُ فِيهِ ⦗٤٠٧⦘.\n\n٢٠٤٨٥ - وَقَدْ أَشَارَ الْبُخَارِيُّ إِلَى تَضْعِيفِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ.\n\n٢٠٤٨٦ - وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: هَذَا عِنْدِي مُنْكَرٌ","vol":"14","page":406},{"text":"٢٠٤٨٧ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَبُو عُمَيْرٍ النَّحَّاسُ عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ» فَهَذَا وَهْمٌ فَاحِشٌ. وَالْمَحْفُوظُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدِيثُ النَّهْيِ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ، وَضَمْرَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ صَاحِبَا الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"14","page":407},{"text":"٢٠٤٨٨ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْعَرْزَمِيِّ، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ صَالِحٌ بِأَخِيهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ هَذَا فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعْتَقَهُ حِينَ مَلَكْتَهُ» فَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ الِاحْتِجَاجُ بِهِ، وَالْإِجْمَاعُ عَلَى تَرْكِ الِاعْتِمَادِ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، وَالْعَرْزَمِيِّ،\n\n٢٠٤٨٩ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَحَفْصٌ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ","vol":"14","page":407},{"text":"٢٠٤٩٠ - وَأَصَحُّ شَيْءٍ فِيهِ حَدِيثُ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ عَمِّي زَوَّجَنِي جَارِيَةً لَهُ وَإِنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْتَرِقَّ وَلَدِي. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «لَيْسَ ذَاكَ لَهُ» وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «كَذَبَ لَيْسَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"14","page":407},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1401>الْوَلَاءُ</span>","vol":"14","page":408},{"text":"٢٠٤٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً تُعْتِقُهَا فَقَالَ أَهْلُهَا: نَبِيعُكِهَا عَلَى أَنَّ وَلَاءَهَا لَنَا، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «لَا يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ، إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ\n\n٢٠٤٩٢ - وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ حَدِيثَ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بِطُولِهِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُكَاتَبِ، وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثَ عَمْرَةَ","vol":"14","page":408},{"text":"٢٠٤٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ، وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ» ⦗٤٠٩⦘ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ","vol":"14","page":408},{"text":"٢٠٤٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ، لَا يُبَاعُ، وَلَا يُوهَبُ»،\n\n٢٠٤٩٥ - كَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْفَقِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي، وَكَأَنَّهُ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، لِلشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ فَنَزَلَ عَنْ ذِكْرِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ،\n\n٢٠٤٩٦ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ فِي كِتَابِ «الْوَلَاءِ»، عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِاللَّفْظِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْهُ","vol":"14","page":409},{"text":"٢٠٤٩٧ - وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ. وَرِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ  «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ، وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ»\n\n٢٠٤٩٨ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَمَالِكٌ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، وَشُعْبَةُ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ\n\n٢٠٤٩٩ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ النَّحَّاسِ، عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الْأَوَّلِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَصْحَابُ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ،\n\n٢٠٥٠٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ عَلَى عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ، وَالْمَتْنِ جَمِيعًا ⦗٤١٠⦘،\n\n٢٠٥٠١ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ ضَعِيفَةٍ.\n\n٢٠٥٠٢ - وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثُ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ، لَا يُبَاعُ، وَلَا يُوهَبُ»،\n\n٢٠٥٠٣ - وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٢٠٥٠٤ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، كَمَا","vol":"14","page":409},{"text":"٢٠٥٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، قَالَ:  «الْوَلَاءُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْحِلْفِ أَقِرَّهُ حَيْثُ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ»","vol":"14","page":410},{"text":"٢٠٥٠٦ - هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ،\n\n٢٠٥٠٧ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبَّاسُ النَّرْسِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: «الْوَلَاءُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ، وَلَا يُوهَبُ، أَقِرَّهُ حَيْثُ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ»\n\n٢٠٥٠٨ - وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَعْقِلٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: الْوَلَاءُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ النَّسَبِ","vol":"14","page":410},{"text":"٢٠٥٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَنَادَى نُوحٌ ابْنَهُ وَكَانَ فِي مَعْزِلٍ يَا بُنَيَّ﴾ [هود: ٤٢] وَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ آزَرَ﴾ [الأنعام: ٧٤]\n⦗٤١١⦘ فَنَسَبَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ، وَأَبُوهُ كَافِرٌ، وَنَسَبَ ابْنَ نُوحٍ إِلَى أَبِيهِ، وَابْنُهُ كَافِرٌ.\n\n٢٠٥١٠ - قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ فِي زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ، وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥]. وَقَالَ: ﴿وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧] فَنَسَبَ الْمَوَالِيَ إِلَى نَسَبَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا إِلَى الْآبَاءِ، وَالْآخَرُ إِلَى الْوَلَاءِ، وَجَعَلَ الْوَلَاءَ بِالنِّعْمَةِ \"\n\n٢٠٥١١ - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ، وَشَرْطُهُ أَوْثَقُ، وَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ»\n\n٢٠٥١٢ - فَبَيَّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الْوَلَاءَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ لِلْمُعْتِقِ.\n\n٢٠٥١٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ، وَلَا يُوهَبُ»\n\n٢٠٥١٤ - فَدَلَّ الْكِتَابُ وَالسُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْوَلَاءَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ بِمُتَقَدِّمِ فِعْلٍ مِنَ الْمُعْتِقِ كَمَا يَكُونُ النَّسَبُ بِمُتَقَدِّمٍ، وَلَازِمَ الْأَبِ. أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَوْ كَانَ لَا أَبَ لَهُ يُعْرَفُ جَاءَ رَجُلًا فَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَنْسِبَهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَرَضِيَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يَكُونَ ابْنًا لَهُ ⦗٤١٢⦘ أَبَدًا فَيَكُونُ مُتَدَخِّلًا بِهِ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ مَظْلَمَةً فِي أَنْ يَعْقِلُوا عَنْهُ، وَيَكُونُ نَاسِبًا إِلَى نَفْسِهِ غَيْرَ مَنْ وَلَدَ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ»،\n\n٢٠٥١٥ - وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا لَمْ يَعْتِقِ الرَّجُلُ رَجُلًا لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْسُوبًا إِلَيْهِ بِالْوَلَاءِ فَيُدْخِلَ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ الْمَظْلَمَةَ فِي عَقْلِهِمْ عَنْهُ، وَيَنْسِبُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَلَاءَ مَنْ لَمْ يُعْتِقْ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» وَبَيِّنٌ فِي قَوْلِهِ: «إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"14","page":410},{"text":"٢٠٥١٦ - فَاحْتَجَّ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ كَلَّمَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ بِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ؟ فَقَالَ: «هُوَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِمَحْيَاهُ، وَمَمَاتِهِ»\n\n٢٠٥١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ، وَإِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ، وَابْنُ مَوْهَبٍ لَيْسَ مَعْرُوفًا عِنْدَنَا، وَلَا نَعْلَمُهُ لَقِيَ تَمِيمًا الدَّارِيَّ. وَمِثْلُ هَذَا لَا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَنَا، وَلَا عِنْدَكَ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهُ مَجْهُولٌ، وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ مُتَّصِلًا\n\n٢٠٥١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ تَمِيمًا الدَّارِيَّ\n\n٢٠٥١٩ - قَالَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ: «هَذَا خَطَأٌ، ابْنُ مَوْهَبٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ، وَلَا لَحِقَهُ» ⦗٤١٣⦘ وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٢٠٥٢٠ - وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَوْهَبٍ، سَمِعَ تَمِيمًا، وَلَا يَصِحُّ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ.\n\n٢٠٥٢١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٠٥٢٢ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى خَطَأِ مَنْ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ سَمَاعَ ابْنِ مَوْهَبٍ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ\n\n٢٠٥٢٣ - ثُمَّ هَذَا قَدْ رَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَمْزَةَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ: أَنَّ تَمِيمًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا السُّنَّةُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ\n\n٢٠٥٢٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى إِرْسَالِ الْحَدِيثِ مَعَ ذِكْرِ قَبِيصَةَ فِيهِ، فَإِنَّ قَبِيصَةَ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ سُؤَالَ تَمِيمٍ\n\n٢٠٥٢٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: فَإِنَّ مِنْ حُجَّتِنَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ فِي الْمَنْبُوذِ: هُوَ حُرٌّ وَلَكَ وَلَاؤُهُ يَعْنِي الَّذِي الْتَقَطُهُ، فَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ. وَوَهَّنَهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ ⦗٤١٤⦘\n\n٢٠٥٢٦ - وَفِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أَنَّهُ عَنْ سُنَيْنَ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ عِنْدَنَا.\n\n٢٠٥٢٧ - وَقَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا وَلَاءَ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ\n\n٢٠٥٢٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا: قَالَ: فَإِنْ قُلْتَ: هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قُلْتُ: فَنُعَارِضُكَ بِمَا هُوَ أَثْبَتُ عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قُلْتُ: وَهَبَتْ مَيْمُونَةُ وَلَاءَ بَنِي يَسَارٍ، لِابْنِ أُخْتِهَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَوَهَبَهُ، وَهَذِهِ زَوْجَةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَهُمَا اثْنَانِ. قَالَ: لَا يَكُونُ فِي أَحَدٍ وَلَوْ كَانُوا أَعْدَادًا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ","vol":"14","page":412},{"text":"٢٠٥٢٩ - وَفِيمَا حَكَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ: سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ، فَيَمُوتُ، وَيَتْرُكُ مَالًا أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: «فَهُوَ لَهُ، فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلِبَيْتِ الْمَالِ»","vol":"14","page":414},{"text":"٢٠٥٣٠ - وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَظُنُّهُ ابْنَ الْمُنْتَشِرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ وَالَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ لَهُ، فَمَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا، فَسَأَلُوا ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: «مَالُهُ لَهُ»","vol":"14","page":414},{"text":"٢٠٥٣١ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا وَلَاءَ إِلَّا لِذِي نِعْمَةٍ»\n\n٢٠٥٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَبِهَذَا نَقُولُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُوَافِقُ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» ⦗٤١٥⦘\n\n٢٠٥٣٣ - وَهَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، مُنْقَطِعٌ: أَبُو الْأَشْعَثِ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُمَرَ،\n\n٢٠٥٣٤ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى نَسْخِ آيَةِ الْمُعَاقَدَةِ فِي التَّوْرِيثِ بِهَا","vol":"14","page":414},{"text":"٢٠٥٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ مُصَرِّفٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: \" ﴿وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٣٣] قَالَ: كَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يُوَرِّثُونَ الْأَنْصَارَ دُونَ ذَوِي رَحِمِهِمْ لِلْأُخُوَّةِ الَّتِي آخَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ، وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ﴾ [النساء: ٣٣] قَالَ: نَسَخَتْهَا قَالَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٣٣] مِنَ النَّصْرِ، وَالنَّصِيحَةِ وَالرِّفَادَةِ، وَيُوصَى لَهُ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ \"\n\n٢٠٥٣٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا: أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ فُلَانًا أَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدَيَّ. قَالَ: «هُوَ مَوْلَاكَ فَإِذَا مِتَّ فَأَوْصِ لَهُ»","vol":"14","page":415},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1402>الْمُسْلِمُ يُعْتِقُ نَصْرَانِيًّا أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيُّ يُعْتِقُ مُسْلِمًا</span>\n٢٠٥٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالْوَلَاءُ ثَابِتٌ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ الْمُعْتَقُ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ مَوْلَاهُ بِاخْتِلَافِ الدِّينَيْنِ\n\n٢٠٥٣٨ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي الْوَلَاءِ بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ»\n\n٢٠٥٣٩ - وَفِي مَنْعِ الْمِيرَاثِ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ، وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ»","vol":"14","page":416},{"text":"٢٠٥٤٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا لَهُ نَصْرَانِيًّا فَتُوُفِّيَ الْعَبْدُ بَعْدَ مَا عُتِقَ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ: «فَأَمَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَنْ آخُذَ مَالَهُ، وَأَجْعَلَهُ فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ","vol":"14","page":416},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1403>مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا لَهُ سَائِبَةً</span>\n٢٠٥٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَالْعِتْقُ مَاضٍ لَهُ، وَلَهُ وَلَاؤُهُ لِأَنَّ هَذَا مُعْتَقٌ، وَقَدْ جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ","vol":"14","page":417},{"text":"٢٠٥٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: \" كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يُبْحِرُونَ الْبَحِيرَةَ، وَيُسَيِّبُونَ السَّائِبَةَ، وَيُوصِلَونَ الْوَصِيلَةَ، وَيُحْمُونَ الْحَامِ. وَهَذِهِ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَالْغَنَمِ.\n\n٢٠٥٤٣ - وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ فِي الْحَامِ: الْفَحْلُ إِذَا ضَرَبَ فِي إِبِلِ الرَّجُلِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ فَيُخَلَّى، وَقِيلَ تُنْتَجُ لَهُ عَشَرَةُ حَامٍ. أَيْ تَحْمِي ظَهْرَهُ فَلَا يَحِلُّ أَنْ تُرْكَبَ،\n\n٢٠٥٤٤ - وَيَقُولُونَ فِي الْوَصِيلَةِ، وَهِيَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا وَصَلَتْ بُطُونًا تَوْأَمًا وَنَتَجَ لِنَتَاجِهَا، وَكَانُوا يَمْنَعُونَهَا مِمَّا يَفْعَلُونَ بِغَيْرِهَا،\n\n٢٠٥٤٥ - وَيُسَيِّبُونَ السَّائِبَةَ، فَيَقُولُونَ: قَدْ أَعْتَقْنَاكِ سَائِبَةً، وَلَا وَلَاءَ لَنَا عَلَيْكِ، وَلَا مِيرَاثَ يَرْجِعُ مِنْكَ لِيَكُونَ أَكْمَلَ لِتَبَرُّرِنَا فِيكِ \"،\n\n٢٠٥٤٦ - فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَحِيرَةٍ، وَلَا سَائِبَةٍ، وَلَا وَصِيلَةٍ، وَلَا حَامٍ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٣] فَرَدَّ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْغَنَمَ إِلَى مَالِكِهَا إِذِ الْعِتْقُ لَا يَقَعُ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْآدَمِيِّينَ\n\n٢٠٥٤٧ - كَذَلِكَ لَوْ أَعْتَقَ بَعِيرَهُ لَمْ يُمْنَعْ بِالْعِتْقِ مِنْهُ، إِذْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ ذَلِكَ، وَيُبْطِلَ الشَّرْطَ، فَكَذَلِكَ أُبْطِلُ الشَّرْطَ فِي السَّائِبَةِ، وَأَرَدُّهُ إِلَى وَلَاءِ مِنْ أَعْتَقَهُ \" ⦗٤١٨⦘\n\n٢٠٥٤٨ - وَذَكَرَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْأَجْنَاسِ أَكْمَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُمْ ذَكَرُوا أَنَّ حَاطِبًا أَعْتَقَ سَائِبَةً\n\n٢٠٥٤٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ: إِنْ أَعْتَقَ رَجُلٌ سَائِبَةً فَهُوَ حُرٌّ وَوَلَاؤُهُ لَهُ\n\n٢٠٥٥٠ - قَالَ: وَيَذْكُرُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ سَائِبَةً أَعْتَقَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْجَاجِّ، فَأَصَابَهُ غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، فَقَضَى، عُمَرُ: عَلَيْهِمْ بِعَقْلِهِ قَالَ أَبُو الْمَقْضِيِّ عَلَيْهِ: لَوْ أَصَابَ ابْنِي؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذًا لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ شَيْءٌ» قَالَ: هُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: «فَهُوَ ذَا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ»\n\n٢٠٥٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ: هَذَا إِذَا ثَبَتَ بِقَوْلِنَا أَشْبَهُ.\n\n٢٠٥٥٢ - قَالَ: وَمِنْ أَيْنَ؟ قُلْتُ: لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ رَأَى وَلَاءَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ رَأَى عَلَيْهِمْ عَقْلَهُ، وَلَكِنْ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَقْلُهُ عَلَى مَوَالِيهِ، فَلَمَّا كَانُوا لَا يَعْرِفُونَ لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِ عَقْلًا حَتَّى يَعْرِفَ مَوَالِيَهُ،\n\n٢٠٥٥٣ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنْ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِثْلَهُ يَعْنِي قَوْلَنَا","vol":"14","page":417},{"text":"٢٠٥٥٤ - فَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ: أَنَّ طَارِقَ بْنَ الْمُرَقَّعِ، أَعْتَقَ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ سَوَائِبَ، فَأَتَى بِمِيرَاثِهِمْ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «أَعْطُوهُ وَرَثَةَ طَارِقٍ»، فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يَأْخُذُوهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «فَاجْعَلُوهُ فِي مِثْلِهِمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ» ⦗٤١٩⦘\n\n٢٠٥٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ عَطَاءٍ مُرْسَلٌ\n\n٢٠٥٥٦ - قُلْتُ: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ طَارِقٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْهُ فَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ مُرْسَلٌ","vol":"14","page":418},{"text":"٢٠٥٥٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ طَارِقَ بْنَ الْمُرَقَّعِ، «أَعْتَقَ أَهْلَ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ سَوَائِبَ، فَانْقَطَعُوا عَنْ بَضْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُدْفَعَ إِلَى طَارِقٍ أَوْ وَرَثَةِ طَارِقٍ»\n\n٢٠٥٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا إِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا بَذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ يُثْبِتُ وَلَاءَ السَّائِبَةِ لِمَنْ سَيَّبَهُ","vol":"14","page":419},{"text":"٢٠٥٥٩ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو طُوَالَةَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ: كَانَ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ مَوْلًى لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهَا عَمْرَةُ بِنْتُ يَعَارٍ أَعْتَقَتْهُ سَائِبَةً، فَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ، وَأُتِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ بِمِيرَاثِهِ، فَقَالَ: \" أَعْطُوهُ عَمْرَةَ، فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَقْبَلَهُ","vol":"14","page":419},{"text":"٢٠٥٦٠ - وَعَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ سَائِبَةً، فَمَاتَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «هُوَ لَكَ»: قَالَ: لَا أُرِيدُهُ قَالَ:  «فَضَعْهُ إِذًا فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ فَإِنَّ لَهُ وَارِثًا كَثِيرًا»\n\n٢٠٥٦١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ هَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مَوْصُولًا","vol":"14","page":419},{"text":"٢٠٥٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنْ هُذَيْلِ بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَعْتَقْتُ غُلَامًا لِي وَجَعَلْتُهُ سَائِبَةً، فَمَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا يُسَيِّبُونَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ تُسَيِّبُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَأَنْتَ وَارِثُهُ وَوَلِيُّ نِعْمَتِهِ، فَإِنْ تَحَرَّجْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَدِّنَاهُ، نَجْعَلْهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ»\n\n٢٠٥٦٣ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ يَعَارٍ، وَقَدْ سُمِّيَتْ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَدِيعَةَ بْنِ خِدَامٍ سَلْمَى بِنْتَ يَعَارٍ، وَذَكَرَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، دَعَا وَدِيعَةَ بْنَ خِذَامٍ قَالَ: «هَذَا مِيرَاثُ مَوْلَاكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ أَحَقُّ بِهِ»، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَدْ أَغْنَانَا اللَّهُ عَنْهُ لَقَدْ أَعْتَقَتْهُ صَاحِبَتُنَا سَائِبَةً فَلَا نُرِيدُ أَنْ نُرْزَأَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ شَيْئًا، فَجَعَلَهُ عُمَرُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ\n\n٢٠٥٦٤ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"14","page":420},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1404>الْوَلَاءُ لِلْكُبْرِ</span>","vol":"14","page":421},{"text":"٢٠٥٦٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ: أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْعَاصِ بْنَ هِشَامٍ: \" هَلَكَ، وَتَرَكَ بَنِينَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةً: اثْنَانِ لِأُمٍّ، وَرَجُلٌ لَعِلَّةٍ، فَهَلَكَ أَحَدُ اللَّذَيْنِ لِأُمٍّ، وَتَرَكَ مَالًا، وَمَوَالِيَ، فَوَرِثَهُ أَخُوهُ الَّذِي لِأُمِّهِ وَأَبِيهِ مَالَهُ وَوَلَاءَ مَوَالِيهِ، ثُمَّ هَلَكَ الَّذِي، وَرِثَ الْمَالَ، وَوَلَاءَ الْمَوَالِي، وَتَرَكَ ابْنَهُ، وَأَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ فَقَالَ ابْنُهُ: قَدْ أَحْرَزْتُ مَا كَانَ أَبِي، أَحْرَزَ مِنَ الْمَالِ، وَوَلَاءِ الْمَوَالِي، وَقَالَ أَخُوهُ: لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، إِنَّمَا أَحْرَزْتَ الْمَالَ، فَأَمَّا وَلَاءُ الْمَوَالِي فَلَا. أَرَأَيْتَ لَوَ هَلَكَ أَخِي الْيَوْمَ أَلَسْتُ أَرِثُهُ أَنَا؟ فَاخْتَصَمَا إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، فَقَضَى لِأَخِيهِ بِوَلَاءِ الْمَوَالِي \"\n\n٢٠٥٦٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ قَالَا: «الْوَلَاءُ لِلْكُبْرِ»\n\n٢٠٥٦٧ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ\n\n٢٠٥٦٨ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: «أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَجْعَلُونَ الْوَلَاءَ لِلْكُبْرِ مِنَ الْعُصْبَةِ، وَلَا يُؤْثِرُونَ النِّسَاءَ إِلَّا مَا أَعْتَقْنَ أَوْ أَعْتَقَ مَنْ أَعْتَقْنَ»\n\n٢٠٥٦٩ - وَرُوِيَ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ: «فِي النِّسَاءِ أَنَّهُنَّ لَا يَرِثْنَ مِنَ الْوَلَاءِ إِلَّا مَا أَعْتَقْنَ»","vol":"14","page":421},{"text":"٢٠٥٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، وَأَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّ أَبَاهُ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ: كَانَ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ: فَاخْتَصَمَ إِلَيْهِ نَفَرٌ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ، وَنَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ يُقَالُ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ، فَمَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ، وَتَرَكَتْ مَالًا، وَمَوَالِيَ فَوَرِثَهَا ابْنُهَا وَزَوْجُهَا، ثُمَّ مَاتَ ابْنُهَا، فَقَالَ وَرَثَتُهُ: لَنَا وَلَاءُ الْمَوَالِي قَدْ كَانَ ابْنُهَا أَحْرَزَهُ. وَقَالَ الْجُهَنِيُّونَ: لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا هُمْ مَوَالِي صَاحِبَتِنَا، فَإِذَا مَاتَ وَلَدُهَا فَلَنَا وَلَاؤُهُمْ وَنَحْنُ نَرِثُهُمْ. فَقَضَى أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ: «لِلْجُهَنِيِّينَ بِوَلَاءِ الْمَوَالِي»\n\n٢٠٥٧١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «الْمَوْلَى أَخٌ فِي الدِّينِ، وَنِعْمَةٌ، وَأَحَقُّ النَّاسِ بِمِيرَاثِهِ أَقْرَبُهُمْ مِنَ الْمُعْتِقِ»\n\n٢٠٥٧٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْمَمْلُوكُ الْحَرَّةَ، فَوَلَدَتْ، فَوَلَدُهَا يُعْتَقُونَ بِعِتْقِهَا، وَيَكُونُ وَلَاؤُهُمْ لِمَوْلَى أُمِّهِمْ، فَإِذَا أُعْتِقَ الْأَبُ جَرَّ الْوَلَاءَ»\n\n٢٠٥٧٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي أَصَحِّ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّهُ: «قَضَى فِي مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ بِوَلَائِهِمْ لِلزُّبَيْرِ»\n\n٢٠٥٧٤ - وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،\n\n٢٠٥٧٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ،\n\n٢٠٥٧٦ - وَبِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الشُّرُوطِ، وَالْمُكَاتَبِ","vol":"14","page":422},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1405>٤٥ - كِتَابُ الْمُدَبَّرِ</span>","vol":"14","page":423},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1406>بَيْعُ الْمُدَبَّرِ</span>","vol":"14","page":423},{"text":"٢٠٥٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاضِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنَ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَبَا مَذْكُورٍ، رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ كَانَ لَهُ غُلَامٌ قِبْطِيُّ، فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنْهُ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ فَبَاعَ الْعَبْدَ، وَقَالَ:  «إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِنَفْسِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ فَضْلٌ فَلْيَبْدَأْ مَعَ نَفْسِهِ بِمَنْ يَعُولُ، ثُمَّ إِنْ وَجَدَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلًا فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَى غَيْرِهِمْ»\n\n٢٠٥٧٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَزَادَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ شَيْئًا هُوَ نَحْوٌ مِنْ سِيَاقِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ","vol":"14","page":423},{"text":"٢٠٥٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: أَعْتَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ عَبْدًا عَنْ دُبُرٍ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: \": أَلَكَ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ؟ \"، فَقَالَ: لَا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ مِنِّي؟»، فَاشْتَرَاهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ النَّحَّامِ، بِثَمَانِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَجَاءَ بِهَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «ابْدَأْ بِنَفْسِكَ فَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْهَا، فَإِنْ فَضُلَ عَنْ نَفْسِكِ شَيْءٌ فَلِأَهْلِكَ، فَإِنْ فَضُلَ شَيْءٌ فَلِذَوِي قَرَابَتِكَ، فَإِنْ فَضُلَ شَيْءٌ عَنْ ذِي قَرَابَتِكَ فَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا»، يُرِيدُ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِكَ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رُمْحٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ\n\n٢٠٥٨٠ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ، وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"14","page":424},{"text":"٢٠٥٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ غُلَامًا لَهُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ مِنِّي؟»، فَاشْتَرَاهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ النَّحَّامِ بِثَمَانِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَأَعْطَاهُ الثَّمَنَ\n\n٢٠٥٨٢ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ٢٥ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ","vol":"14","page":424},{"text":"٢٠٥٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: دَبَّرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا غُلَامًا لَيْسَ لَهُ ⦗٤٢٥⦘ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ مِنِّي؟»، فَاشْتَرَاهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ النَّحَّامِ. قَالَ عَمْرٌو: فَسَمِعْتُ جَابِرًا يَقُولُ: عَبْدًا قِبْطِيًّا مَاتَ عَامَ أَوَّلَ فِي إِمَارَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ. زَادَ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ: يُقَالُ لَهُ: يَعْقُوبُ\n\n٢٠٥٨٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَكَذَا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ عَامَّةَ دَهْرِي، ثُمَّ وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِي «دَبَّرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا غُلَامًا لَهُ، فَمَاتَ»، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ خَطَأً فِي كِتَابِي، أَوْ خَطَأً مِنْ سُفْيَانَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ سُفْيَانَ، فَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَحْفَظُ لِحَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ مِنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَمَعَ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ حَدِيثُ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ\n\n٢٠٥٨٥ - وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، يَحُدُّ الْحَدِيثَ تَحْدِيدًا، يُخْبِرُ فِيهِ حَيَاةَ الَّذِي دَبَّرَهُ وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ،\n\n٢٠٥٨٦ - وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ أَحْفَظُ لِحَدِيثِ عَمْرٍو مِنْ سُفْيَانَ وَحْدَهُ،\n\n٢٠٥٨٧ - وَقَدْ يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَى حِفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ خَطَئِهِ بِأَقَلَّ مِمَّا وَجَدْتُ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَاللَّيْثِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ،\n\n٢٠٥٨٨ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَغَيْرُ حَمَّادٍ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو، كَمَا رَوَاهُ حَمَّادٌ،\n\n٢٠٥٨٩ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِمَّنْ لَقِيَ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ قَدِيمًا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَدْخُلُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ «مَاتَ»، وَعَجِبَ بَعْضُهُمْ حِينَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنِّي وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِي «مَاتَ»، وَقَالَ: لَعَلَّ هَذَا خَطَأٌ مِنْهُ، أَوْ زَلَّةٌ مِنْهُ حَفِظْتُهَا عَنْهُ.\n\n٢٠٥٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ، كُلُّهُمْ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ لَيْسَ فِيهِ هَذَا اللَّفْظُ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ وَالْحُمَيْدِيُّ، لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذَلِكَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ ثَمَنَهُ ⦗٤٢٦⦘.\n\n٢٠٥٩١ - وَرَوَاهُ شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَأَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: «أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَاتَ، وَتَرَكَ مُدَبَّرًا، وَدَيْنًا»\n\n٢٠٥٩٢ - وَقَدْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى خَطَأِ شَرِيكٍ فِي ذَلِكَ لِإِجْمَاعِ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، وَحُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، كُلُّهُمْ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: «أَخَذَ ثَمَنَهُ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ»\n\n٢٠٥٩٣ - وَعِنْدِي أَنَّ هَذَا الْخَطَأَ إِمَّا وَقَعَ لِبَعْضِهِمْ؛ لِأَنَّ فِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرُّوَاةِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكَهُ إِنْ حَدَثَ بِهِ حَدَثٌ، فَمَاتَ،\n\n٢٠٥٩٤ - وَقَوْلُهُ: «فَمَاتَ»: مِنْ شَرْطِ الْعِتْقِ، وَلَيْسَ إِخْبَارًا عَنْ مَوْتِ الْمُعْتِقِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْمُعْتِقِ يَوْمَ التَّدْبِيرِ.\n\n٢٠٥٩٥ - وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ الْجُمْهُورِ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُمْ، رَوَاهُ مُجَاهِدٌ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ","vol":"14","page":424},{"text":"٢٠٥٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: «بَاعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، مُدَبَّرًا احْتَاجَ صَاحِبُهُ إِلَى ثَمَنِهِ»","vol":"14","page":426},{"text":"٢٠٥٩٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ عَمْرَةَ: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، دَبَّرَتْ جَارِيَةً لَهَا فَسَحَرَتْهَا، فَاعْتَرَفَتْ بِالسِّحْرِ، فَأَمَرَتْ بِهَا عَائِشَةُ: «أَنْ تُبَاعَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مِمَّنْ يُسِيءُ مِلْكَهَا، فَبِيعَتْ»","vol":"14","page":426},{"text":"٢٠٥٩٨ - وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: كَانَتْ أَعْتَقَتْ جَارِيَةً لَهَا عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، اشْتَكَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَشْتَكِيَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ سِنْدِيٌّ فَقَالَ لَهَا: أَنْتِ مَطْبُوبَةٌ. فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «وَمَنْ طَبَّنِي؟» قَالَ: امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ نَعْتِهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَوَصَفَهَا وَقَالَ: إِنَّ فِي حِجْرِهَا الْآنَ صَبِيًّا قَدْ بَالَ. فَقَالَتِ: «ادْعُوا لِي فُلَانَةً» لَجَارِيَةٍ لَهَا كَانَتْ تَخْدُمُهَا فَوَجَدُوهَا فِي بَيْتِ جِيرَانٍ لَهُمْ فِي حِجْرِهَا صَبِيٌّ قَدْ بَالَ. فَقَالَتْ: حَتَّى أَغْسِلَ بَوْلَ هَذَا الصَّبِيِّ، فَغَسَلَتْهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ: «أَسَحَرْتِينِي؟»، فَقَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. قَالَتْ: «لِمَ؟» قَالَتْ: أَحْبَبْتُ الْعِتْقَ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: «أَحْبَبْتِ الْعِتْقَ فَوَاللَّهِ لَا تُعْتَقِينَ أَبَدًا». ثُمَّ أَمَرَتْ عَائِشَةُ ابْنَ أَخِيهَا أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مِمَّنْ يُسِيءُ مِلْكَهَا. قَالَتْ: «ثُمَّ ابْتَعْ لِي بِثَمَنِهَا رَقَبَةً فَأَعْتِقْهَا» فَفَعَلَ\n\n٢٠٥٩٩ - وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.\n\n٢٠٦٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، كَانَتْ أَعْتَقَتْ جَارِيَةً لَهَا عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنْهَا، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":427},{"text":"٢٠٦٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: «الْمُدَبَّرُ وَصِيَّةٌ، يَرْجِعُ فِيهِ صَاحِبُهُ مَتَى شَاءَ»","vol":"14","page":427},{"text":"٢٠٦٠٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ:  «بَاعَ مُدَبَّرًا فِي دَيْنِ صَاحِبِهِ»","vol":"14","page":428},{"text":"٢٠٦٠٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ:  «يَعُودُ الرَّجُلُ فِي مُدَبَّرِهِ»","vol":"14","page":428},{"text":"٢٠٦٠٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَنِي ابْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ: كَيْفَ كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَقُولُ فِي الْمُدَبَّرِ؟ أَيَبِيعُهُ صَاحِبُهُ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: «كَانَ يَبِيعُهُ إِذَا احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ»\n\n٢٠٦٠٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ: وَيَبِيعُهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَحْتَجْ إِلَيْهِ","vol":"14","page":428},{"text":"٢٠٦٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ لِي بَعْضُ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا فِي الْمُدَبَّرِ: عَلَى أَيِّ شَيْءٍ اعْتَمَدْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: «عَلَى سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّتِي قَطَعَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عُذْرَ مَنْ عَلِمَهَا»\n\n٢٠٦٠٧ - قَالَ: فَعِنْدَنَا فِيهَا حُجَّةٌ أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِكُمْ بَاعَهُ، وَلَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ صَاحِبُهُ بَيْعَهُ؟ قُلْتُ: «نَعَمْ، الْعِلْمُ يُحِيطُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَانَ لَا يَبِيعُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مَالَهُ إِلَّا فِيمَا لَزِمَهُ أَوْ بِأَمْرِهِ؟»\n\n٢٠٦٠٨ - قَالَ: فَبِأَيِّهِمَا بَاعَهُ؟\n\n٢٠٦٠٩ - قُلْتُ: \" أَمَّا الَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ آخِرُ الْحَدِيثِ فِي دَفْعِهِ ثَمَنَهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي دَبَّرَهُ، فَإِنَّهُ دَبَّرَهُ، وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ بَيْعُهُ حِينَ دَبَّرَهُ، وَكَانَ يُرِيدُ ⦗٤٢٩⦘ بَيْعَهُ إِمَّا مُحْتَاجًا إِلَى بَيْعِهِ، وَإِمَّا غَيْرَ مُحْتَاجٍ، فَأَرَادَ الرُّجُوعَ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَبَاعَهُ. فَكَانَ بَيْعُهُ دَلَالَةً عَلَى أَنَّ بَيْعَهُ جَائِزٌ لَهُ إِذَا شَاءَ، وَأَمَرَهُ: إِذَا كَانَ مُحْتَاجًا أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِنَفْسِهِ فَيُمْسِكَ عَلَيْهَا، نَرَى ذَلِكَ لِئَلَّا يَحْتَاجَ إِلَى النَّاسِ \"\n\n٢٠٦١٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ قَائِلٌ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، إِنَّمَا بَاعَ خِدْمَةَ الْمُدَبَّرِ وَذَكَرَهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ\n\n٢٠٦١١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: «مَا رَوَى هَذَا، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، فِيمَا عَلِمْتُ أَحَدًا يَثْبُتُ حَدِيثُهُ، وَلَوْ رَوَاهُ مَنْ ثَبُتَ حَدِيثُهُ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ لَكَ الْحُجَّةُ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ»\n\n٢٠٦١٢ - قَالَ: وَمَا هِيَ؟\n\n٢٠٦١٣ - قُلْتُ: «أَنْتَ لَا تُثْبِتُ الْمُنْقَطِعَ لَوْ لَمْ يُخَالِفْهُ غَيْرُهُ، فَكَيْفَ تُثْبِتُ الْمُنْقَطِعَ يُخَالِفُهُ الْمُتَّصِلُ الثَّابِتُ؟»\n\n٢٠٦١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ كَانَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ أَقُولَ: بَاعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَقَبَةَ مُدَبَّرٍ كَمَا حَدَّثَ جَابِرٌ، وَخِدْمَةَ مُدَبَّرٍ كَمَا حَدَّثَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ \"\n\n٢٠٦١٥ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: أَتَقُولُ: إِنَّ بَيْعَهُ خِدْمَةَ الْمُدَبَّرِ جَائِزٌ. قَالَا: لَا، لِأَنَّهَا غَرَرٌ. قُلْتُ: «فَقَدْ خَالَفْتَ مَا رَوَيْتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ» قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّهُ بَاعَهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ؟ قُلْتُ: \" جَابِرٌ يُسَمِّي: بَاعَهُ بِثَمَانِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ النَّحَّامِ، وَيَقُولُ: عَبْدٌ قِبْطِيٌّ يُقَالُ لَهُ: يَعْقُوبُ مَاتَ عَامَ أَوَّلَ فِي إِمَارَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَكَيْفَ تَوَهَّمَ أَنَّهُ بَاعَهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ؟ \"، وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: رَوَى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فَقُلْتُ: \" مُرْسَلٌ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَعَهُ عَدَدٌ فَطَرَحْتُهُ، وَرِوَايَتُهُ يُوَافِقُهُ عَلَيْهَا عَدَدٌ ⦗٤٣٠⦘ مِنْهَا حَدِيثَانِ مُتَّصِلَانِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٌ صَحِيحَةٌ ثَابِتَةٌ، وَهُوَ لَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ بِرِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ، وَأَرَدْتُ تَثْبِيتَ حَدِيثٍ رُوِّيتُهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، وَيُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ جَابِرٌ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ شَيْئًا لَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ، لَزِمَكَ، وَقَدْ بَاعَتْ عَائِشَةُ مُدَبَّرًا لَهَا فَكَيْفَ خَالَفْتَهَا مَعَ حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَنْتُمْ تَرْوُونَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ شَيْئًا فِي الْبُيُوعِ تَزْعُمُ، وَأَصْحَابُكَ أَنَّ الْقِيَاسَ غَيْرُهُ وَتَقُولُ: لَا أُخَالِفُ عَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ تُخَالِفُهَا، وَمَعَهَا سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالْقِيَاسُ \"\n\n٢٠٦١٦ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْفُقَهَاءِ؟ قُلْتُ: «بَلَى قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْفُقَهَاءِ أَنْ يُبَاعَ».\n\n٢٠٦١٧ - قَالَ: لَسْنَا نَقُولُهُ وَلَا أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ.\n\n٢٠٦١٨ - قُلْتُ: «جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعَائِشَةُ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَابْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ يَبِيعُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُسٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنَ الْمَكِّيِّينَ وَعِنْدَكَ بِالْعِرَاقِ مَنْ يَبِيعُهُ، وَقَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ التَّابِعِينَ بِبَيْعِهِ، فَكَيْفَ ادَّعَيْتَ فِيهِ الْأَكْثَرَ، وَالْأَكْثَرُ مِمَّنْ مَضَى عَلَيْكَ مَعَ أَنْ لَا حَجَّةَ لِأَحَدٍ مَعَ السُّنَّةِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ وَفِي الْقِيَاسِ»\n\n٢٠٦١٩ - قَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: قَالَ: فَإِنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِكَ قَدْ قَالَ هَذَا. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: «مَنْ يَتَّبِعْ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَافَقْتُهُ، وَمَنْ غَلَطَ فَتَرَكَهَا خَالَفْتُهُ صَاحِبِي الَّذِي لَا أُفَارِقُهُ اللَّازِمُ الثَّابِتُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَإِنْ بَعُدَ، وَالَّذِي أُفَارِقُ مَنْ لَمْ يَقُلْ بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَإِنْ قَرُبَ»\n\n٢٠٦٢٠ - رَحِمَ اللَّهُ الشَّافِعِيَّ مَا كَانَ أَعْظَمَ فِي قَلْبِهِ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَا كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ مُوَافَقَتَهَا وَأَشَدَّ عَلَيْهِ مُخَالَفَتَهَا. وَهَذَا هُوَ الْوَاجِبُ عَلَى كَافَّةِ الْمُكَلَّفِينَ، وَهَذَا الْفَرْضُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَاللَّهُ يُوَفِّقُنَا لِذَلِكَ بِمَنِّهِ وَفَضْلِهِ","vol":"14","page":428},{"text":"٢٠٦٢١ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «لَا بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِ خِدْمَةِ الْمُدَبَّرِ إِذَا احْتَاجَ»\n\n٢٠٦٢٢ - وَقَدْ أَطَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ الْكَلَامَ فِي تَخْطِئَةِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ أَنَّ الصَّوَابَ رِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، ثُمَّ أَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ فِي تَخْطِئَةِ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ أَيْضًا فِي الْمَتْنِ، ثُمَّ رِوَايَةِ مَنْ رَوَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا بَاعَ الْمُدَبَّرَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ السَّيِّدِ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى خَطأِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الْحُفَّاظِ هَاهُنَا وَفِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"14","page":431},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1407>الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ</span>","vol":"14","page":432},{"text":"٢٠٦٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ ظَبْيَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»\n\n٢٠٦٢٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ لِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ ظَبْيَانَ: كُنْتُ أُحَدِّثُهُ مَرْفُوعًا، فَقَالَ لِي أَصْحَابِي: لَيْسَ بِمَرْفُوعٍ، هُوَ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَوَقَفْتُهُ، وَالْحُفَّاظُ الَّذِينَ حَدَّثُوهُ يَقِفُوا بِهِ عَلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ\n\n٢٠٦٢٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رَوَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ فِي آخَرِينَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ ظَبْيَانَ، مَرْفُوعًا، وَالصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ كَمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ،\n\n٢٠٦٢٦ - وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مُرْسَلًا مَوْقُوفًا،\n\n٢٠٦٢٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا لَهُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ فَجَعَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ. وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ\n\n٢٠٦٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابَةِ الْمُدَبَّرِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،\n\n٢٠٦٢٩ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي جِنَايَةِ الْمُدَبَّرِ أَنَّهَا عَلَى سَيِّدِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ","vol":"14","page":432},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1408>وَطْءُ الْمُدَبَّرَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":433},{"text":"٢٠٦٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: «دَبَّرَ جَارِيَتَيْنِ لَهُ، فَكَانَ يَطَؤُهُمَا، وَهُمَا مُدَبَّرَتَانِ»","vol":"14","page":433},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1409>وَلَدُ الْمُدَبَّرَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ سَيِّدِهَا بَعْدَ تَدْبِيرِهَا</span>\n٢٠٦٣١ - ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيهِ قَوْلَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّهُمْ بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا يُعْتَقُونَ بِعِتْقِهَا وَيُرَقُّونَ بِرِقِّهَا. قَالَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ هَذَا بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ\n\n٢٠٦٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا هَذَا، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ. وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ\n\n٢٠٦٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي أَنَّهُمْ مَمْلُوكُونَ. قَالَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ هَذَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ","vol":"14","page":434},{"text":"٢٠٦٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ قَالَ: «أَوْلَادُ الْمُدَبَّرَةِ مَمْلُوكُونَ»\n\n٢٠٦٣٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا مِثْلَ هَذَا عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ،\n\n٢٠٦٣٦ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ\n\n٢٠٦٣٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ: أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: ابْنَةُ عَمٍّ لِي أَعْتَقَتْ جَارِيَتَهَا عَنْ دُبُرٍ، وَلَا مَالَ لَهَا غَيْرَهَا؟ قَالَ: «لِتَأْخُذْ مِنْ رَحِمِهَا مَا دَامَتْ حَيَّةً» ⦗٤٣٥⦘\n\n٢٠٦٣٨ - وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا تَأْخُذُ وَلَدَهَا.\n\n٢٠٦٣٩ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا أَرَى أَوْلَادَ الْمُدَبَّرَةِ إِلَّا بِمَنْزِلَةِ أُمِّهِمْ. فَعَلَّقَ الْقَوْلَ فِيهِمْ","vol":"14","page":434},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1410>تَدْبِيرُ الصَّبِيِّ الَّذِي لَمْ يَبْلُغْ</span>\n٢٠٦٤٠ - عَلَّقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيهِ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ عَلَى حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ فِي وَصِيَّةِ الْغُلَامِ","vol":"14","page":436},{"text":"٢٠٦٤١ - وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ سُلَيْمٍ الزُّرَقِيَّ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ: قِيلَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: إِنَّ هَاهُنَا غُلَامًا يُبَاعُ لَمْ يَحْتَلِمْ مِنْ غَسَّانَ، وَوَارِثُهُ بِالشَّامِ، وَهُوَ ذُو مَالٍ، وَلَيْسَ هَاهُنَا إِلَّا ابْنَةُ عَمٍّ لَهُ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «فَلْيُوصِ لَهَا»، فَأَوْصَى لَهَا بِمَالٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ بِئْرُ جُشَمٍ\n\n٢٠٦٤٢ - قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ: فَبِعْتُ ذَلِكَ الْمَالَ بِثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا. وَابْنَةُ عَمِّهِ الَّتِي أَوْصَى لَهَا هِيَ أُمُّ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ\n\n٢٠٦٤٣ - وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مُرْسَلًا مِنْ جِهَةِ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ سُلَيْمٍ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَيَّامَ عُمَرَ فَفِيهِ قُوَّةٌ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ أُمَّ عَمْرٍو، وَالْغَالِبُ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَهُ عَنْ أُمِّهِ، الَّتِي وَقَعَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لَهَا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٢٠٦٤٤ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: رُوِّينَا فِي إِجَازَةِ وَصِيَّةِ الصَّبِيِّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: وَهُوَ قَوْلُ شُرَيْحٍ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ\n\n٢٠٦٤٥ - قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهَا لَا تَجُوزُ، وَبِهِ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ","vol":"14","page":436},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1411>إِعْتَاقُ الْكَافِرِ</span>","vol":"14","page":437},{"text":"٢٠٦٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي سُنَنِ حَرْمَلَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَعْتَقْتُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَرْبَعِينَ مُحَرَّرًا. فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «أَسْلَمْتَ عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ لَكَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ»\n\n٢٠٦٤٧ - كَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ","vol":"14","page":437},{"text":"٢٠٦٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي، يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ شَيْئًا كُنْتُ أَتَحَنَّثُ بِهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ قَالَ هِشَامٌ: يَعْنِي أَتَبَرَّرُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَسْلَمْتَ عَلَى صَالِحِ مَا سَلَفَ لَكَ»، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُ شَيْئًا صَنَعْتُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لِلَّهِ إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ لِلَّهِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مِثْلَهَا. قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَعْتَقَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِائَةَ رَقَبَةٍ فَأَعْتَقَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مِثْلَهَا مِائَةَ رَقَبَةٍ. وَسَاقَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ فَسَاقَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ\n\n٢٠٦٤٩ - وَقَالَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: «أَسْلَمْتَ عَلَى مَا سَلَفَ لَكَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ»","vol":"14","page":437},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1412>٤٦ - كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ</span>","vol":"14","page":438},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1413>بَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ</span>","vol":"14","page":438},{"text":"٢٠٦٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ [النور: ٣٣]\n\n٢٠٦٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَذِنَ أَنْ يُكَاتَبَ مَنْ يَعْقِلُ مَا يَطْلُبُ، لَا مَنْ لَا يَعْقِلُ أَنْ يَبْتَغِيَ الْكِتَابَةَ مِنْ مَعْتُوهٍ، وَلَا غَيْرِ بَالِغٍ بِحَالٍ»","vol":"14","page":438},{"text":"٢٠٦٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّهُ: قَالَ لِعَطَاءٍ: مَا الْخَيْرُ: الْمَالُ؟ أَمِ الصَّلَاحُ؟ أَمْ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «مَا نَرَاهُ إِلَّا الْمَالُ». قُلْتُ: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مَالٌ، وَكَانَ رَجُلَ صِدْقٍ؟ قَالَ: «مَا أَحْسِبُ خَيْرًا إِلَّا ذَلِكَ الْمَالَ، وَالصَّلَاحَ»\n\n٢٠٦٥٣ - قَالَ: وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: ﴿إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ [النور: ٣٣] الْمَالُ كَائِنَةٌ أَخْلَاقُهُمْ وَأَدْيَانُهُمْ مَا كَانَتْ\n\n٢٠٦٥٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْخَيْرُ كَلِمَةٌ يُعْرَفُ مَا أُرِيدُ مِنْهَا بِالْمُخَاطَبَةِ بِهَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ هُمْ خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ﴾ [البينة: ٧] فَعَقِلْنَا أَنَّهُمْ خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَعَمَلِ الصَّالِحَاتِ، لَا بِالْمَالِ.\n\n٢٠٦٥٥ - وَقَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَالْبُدْنَ جَعَلْنَاهَا لَكُمْ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ﴾ [الحج: ٣٦] فَعَقِلْنَا أَنَّ الْخَيْرَ: الْمَنْفَعَةُ بِالْأَجْرِ، لَا أَنَّ فِي الْبُدْنِ لَهَا مَالًا ⦗٤٣٩⦘،\n\n٢٠٦٥٦ - وَقَالَ: ﴿إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٠] فَعَقِلْنَا أَنَّهُ إِنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَالَ الْمَتْرُوكُ،\n\n٢٠٦٥٧ - وَبِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ، وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٠] فَلَمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ [النور: ٣٣] كَانَ أَظْهَرُ مَعَانِيهَا بِدَلَالَةِ مَنِ اسْتَدْلَلْنَا بِهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ قُوَّةً عَلَى اكْتِسَابِ الْمَالَ وَأَمَانَةً. لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ قَوِيًّا فَيَكْتَسِبُ فَلَا يُؤَدِّي إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَا أَمَانَةٍ، وَأَمِينًا فَلَا يَكُونُ قَوِيًّا عَلَى الْكَسْبِ فَلَا يُؤَدِّي.\n\n٢٠٦٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ الظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ الْقَوْلَ: إِنْ عَلِمْتَ فِي عَبْدِكَ مَالًا. بِمَعْنَيَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّ الْمَالَ لَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ، وَلَكِنْ يَكُونُ فِيهِ الِاكْتِسَابُ الَّذِي يُفِيدُهُ الْمَالُ، وَالثَّانِي أَنَّ الْمَالَ الَّذِي فِي يَدِهِ لِسَيِّدِهِ.\n\n٢٠٦٥٩ - قَالَ: وَلَعَلَّ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْخَيْرَ الْمَالُ، أَنَّهُ أَفَادَ بِكَسْبِهِ مَالًا لِلسَّيِّدِ فَيُسْتَدَلُ أَنَّهُ يُفِيدُ مَالًا يُعْتِقُ بِهِ كَمَا أَفَادَ أَوَّلًا\n\n٢٠٦٦٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: هَذَا هُوَ الْأَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُرَادَ مَنْ فَسَّرَهُ بِالْمَالِ مِنَ السَّلَفِ\n\n٢٠٦٦١ - وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنْ عَلِمْتَ مُكَاتِبَكَ يُقْضِيكَ»\n\n٢٠٦٦٢ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ لَهُمْ حِيلَةً»،\n\n٢٠٦٦٣ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «أَمَانَةً وَوَفَاءً»\n\n٢٠٦٦٤ - وَعَنْ مَكْحُولٍ قَالَ: الْكَسْبُ\n\n٢٠٦٦٥ - وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: صِدْقًا وَوَفَاءً، أَدَاءً، وَأَمَانَةً","vol":"14","page":438},{"text":"٢٠٦٦٦ - وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: «إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ حِرْفَةً، وَلَا تُرْسِلُوهُمْ كِلَابًا عَلَى النَّاسِ»","vol":"14","page":440},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1414>هَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ مُكَاتَبَةَ عَبْدِهِ قَوِيًّا أَمِينًا</span>","vol":"14","page":441},{"text":"٢٠٦٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَوَاجِبٌ عَلَيَّ إِذَا عَلِمْتُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا أَنْ أُكَاتِبَهُ؟ قَالَ: «مَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا وَاجِبًا»، وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَتَأْثِرُهَا عَنْ أَحَدٍ؟ قَالَ: لَا\n\n٢٠٦٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِذَا جَمَعَ الْقُوَّةَ عَلَى الِاكْتِسَابِ وَالْأَمَانَةِ فَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ لِسَيِّدِهِ أَنْ يُكَاتِبَهُ وَلَا يَبِينُ لِي أَنْ يُجِيرَ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْآيَةَ مُحْتَمِلَةٌ أَنْ تَكُونَ إِرْشَادًا وَإِبَاحَةً\n\n٢٠٦٦٩ - وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ عَدَدٌ مِمَّنْ لَقِيتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِي ذَلِكَ،\n\n٢٠٦٧٠ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا ذَكَرَ بِأَنَهُ لَوْ كَانَ وَاجِبًا لَكَانَ مَحْدُودًا بِأَقَلَّ مِمَّا يَقَعُ اسْمُ الْكِتَابِ أَوْ بِغَايَةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ\n\n٢٠٦٧١ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِعَزْمَةٍ: إِنْ شَاءَ كَاتَبَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يُكَاتِبْ\n\n٢٠٦٧٢ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حَبَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي جَبَلَةَ الْقُرَشِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا: «كُلُّ أَحَدٍ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ مِنْ وَالِدِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ»","vol":"14","page":441},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1415>مُكَاتَبَةُ الرَّجُلِ عَبْدَهُ عَلَى نِجْمَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ بِمَالٍ صَحِيحٍ يَحِلُّ بَيْعُهُ</span>\n٢٠٦٧٣ - وَاحْتَجَّ فِي «كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ» بِأَنَّ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَاتَبُوا عَلَى نُجُومٍ، وَبَرِيرَةُ كُوتِبَتْ عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ بِعِلْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ.\n\n٢٠٦٧٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، أَنَّ مَمْلُوكًا لَهُ سَأَلَهُ الْكِتَابَةَ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَا فَعَلْتُ، أُكَاتِبُكَ عَلَى مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ عَلَى أَنْ تَعُدَّهَا لِي فِي عَدَّتَيْنِ، وَاللَّهِ لَا أَغُضُّكَ مِنْهَا دِرْهَمًا وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ قِصَّةٌ طَوِيلَةٌ،\n\n٢٠٦٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بِشْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَمْلُوكًا لِعُثْمَانَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي سُؤَالِهِ الْكِتَابَةَ، وَجَوَابِهِ\n\n٢٠٦٧٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى أَنْ أَغْرِسَ لَهُمْ خَمْسَ مِائَةِ فَسِيلَةٍ فَإِذَا عَلَقَتْ فَأَنَا حُرٌّ»\n\n٢٠٦٧٧ - وَفِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ عَنْ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: «فَكَاتَبْتُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ مِائَةِ نَخْلَةٍ أُحْيِيهَا، وَأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةٍ»","vol":"14","page":442},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1416>كِتَابَةُ الْعَبِيدِ كِتَابَةً وَاحِدَةً</span>","vol":"14","page":443},{"text":"٢٠٦٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: «إِنْ كَاتَبْتَ عَبْدًا لَكَ، وَلَهُ بَنُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَكَاتَبَكَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَعَلَيْهِمْ، فَمَاتَ أَبُوهُمْ، أَوْ مَاتَ مِنْهُمْ مَيِّتٌ فَقِيمَتُهُ يَوْمَ يَمُوتُ تُوضَعُ مِنَ الْكِتَابَةِ، وَإِنْ أَعْتَقَهُ أَوْ بَعْضَ بَنِيهِ فَكَذَلِكَ»\n\n٢٠٦٧٩ - وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ\n\n٢٠٦٨٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَمَا قَالَا: إِذَا كَانَ الْبَنُونَ كِبَارًا، فَكَاتَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُوهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِمْ، فَعَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ حِصَّتُهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابَةِ بِقَدْرِ قِيمَتِهِ، فَأَيُّهُمْ مَاتَ أَوْ أُعْتِقَ وُضِعَ عَنِ الْبَاقِينَ بِقَدْرِ حِصَّتِهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابَةِ","vol":"14","page":443},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1417>حَمَالَةُ الْعَبِيدِ</span>","vol":"14","page":444},{"text":"٢٠٦٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: \" كَتَبْتُ عَلَى رَجُلَيْنِ فِي بَيْعٍ أَنَّ حَيَّكُمَا عَلَى مَيِّتِكُمَا أَوْ قَالَ: مَيِّتَكُمَا عَلَى حَيِّكُمَا، وَمَلِيكَكُمَا عَلَى مُعْدِمِكُمَا أَوْ قَالَ: مُعْدِمَكُمَا عَلَى مَلِيكِكُمَا \"\n\n٢٠٦٨٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَنَا أَشُكُّ قَالَ: يَجُوزُ، وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، وَقَالَ: زَعَامَةٌ يَعْنِي حَمَالَةً","vol":"14","page":444},{"text":"٢٠٦٨٣ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: كَاتَبْتُ عَبْدَيْنِ لِي وَكَتَبْتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمَا. قَالَ: «لَا يَجُوزُ» قَالَ: «مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا إِنْ أَفْلَسَ رَجَعَ عَبْدًا لَمْ يَمْلِكْ مِنْكَ شَيْئًا»","vol":"14","page":444},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1418>الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ دِرْهَمٌ</span>","vol":"14","page":445},{"text":"٢٠٦٨٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «يُرْوَى أَنَّ مَنْ كَاتَبَ عَبْدَهُ عَلَى مِائَةِ أُوقِيَّةٍ، فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشْرَ أَوَاقٍ فَهُوَ رَقِيقٌ»\n\n٢٠٦٨٥ - وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: رَوَى عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ كَاتَبَ عَبْدَهُ عَلَى مِائَةِ أُوقِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشْرَ أَوَاقٍ فَهُوَ رَقِيقٌ»\n\n٢٠٦٨٦ - قَالَ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا رَوَى هَذَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا عَمْرًا، وَعَلَى هَذَا فُتْيَا الْمُفْتِينَ","vol":"14","page":445},{"text":"٢٠٦٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «أَيُّمَا عَبْدٌ كَاتَبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ أُوقِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشَرَةَ أَوَاقٍ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ، وَأَيُّمَا عَبْدٌ كَاتَبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ»\n\n٢٠٦٨٨ - كَذَا فِي كِتَابِي عَبَّاسٌ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ صَخْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسٌ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٤٤٦⦘\n\n٢٠٦٨٩ - قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: وَقَالَ الْمُقْرِئُ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عَاصِمٍ: عَنْ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ عَبَّاسٍ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ","vol":"14","page":445},{"text":"٢٠٦٩٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ دِرْهَمٌ»\n\n٢٠٦٩١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ: أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ","vol":"14","page":446},{"text":"٢٠٦٩٢ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ زَيْدٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ \" فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ: هُوَ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ دِرْهَمٌ \"\n\n٢٠٦٩٣ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ حَكَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ","vol":"14","page":446},{"text":"٢٠٦٩٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ دِرْهَمٌ»","vol":"14","page":446},{"text":"٢٠٦٩٥ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ⦗٤٤٧⦘، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَ: اسْتَأْذَنْتُ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَتْ: «مَنْ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: سُلَيْمَانُ. قَالَتْ: «كَمْ بَقِيَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِكَ؟» قَالَ: قُلْتُ: عَشَرَةُ أَوَاقٍ. قَالَتِ: «ادْخُلْ فَإِنَّكَ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْكَ دِرْهَمٌ»\n\n٢٠٦٩٦ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ دِرْهَمٌ»\n\n٢٠٦٩٧ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَدَّى الْمُكَاتَبُ النِّصْفَ لَمْ يُسْتَرَقَّ»\n\n٢٠٦٩٨ - وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ مُكَاتَبًا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَأَنْزَلَهُ عُثْمَانُ مَنْزِلَةَ الْعَبْدِ\n\n٢٠٦٩٩ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «لَا يُقَامُ عَلَى الْمُكَاتَبِ إِلَّا حَدُّ الْعَبْدِ»","vol":"14","page":446},{"text":"٢٠٧٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْخَيَّاطِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ:  «إِذَا أَدَّى الْمُكَاتَبُ قِيمَتَهُ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ»\n\n٢٠٧٠١ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ","vol":"14","page":447},{"text":"٢٠٧٠٢ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ طَارِقٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: «فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ يُعْتَقُ مِنْهُ بِحِسَابٍ»","vol":"14","page":447},{"text":"٢٠٧٠٣ - وَفِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «يُعْتَقُ مِنَ الْمُكَاتَبِ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَدَّى، وَيَرِثُ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَدَّى»\n\n٢٠٧٠٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: «هُوَ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ»\n\n٢٠٧٠٥ - وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، فَبِذَلِكَ نَقُولُ وَيَقُولُونَ مَعَنَا، وَهُمْ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذَا الَّذِي رَوَوْهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ","vol":"14","page":448},{"text":"٢٠٧٠٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:  «إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُكَاتَبُ حَدًّا أَوْ مِيرَاثًا وَرِثَ بِحِسَابِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ، وَأُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ بِحِسَابِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ»\n\n٢٠٧٠٧ - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: «يُؤَدِّي الْمُكَاتَبُ بِحِصَّتِهِ مَا أَدَّى دِيَةَ حُرٍّ وَمَا بَقِيَ دِيَةَ عَبْدٍ»\n\n٢٠٧٠٨ - وَالْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ مِنْ أَفْرَادِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، وَالْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي قَدْ رَوَاهُ وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَرْفُوعًا، وَرِوَايَةُ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، مُرْسَلًا\n\n٢٠٧٠٩ - وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا ⦗٤٤٩⦘،\n\n٢٠٧١٠ - وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَرْفُوعًا فِي الدِّيَةِ. وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ عَنْ يَحْيَى. فَرَفَعَهُ عَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، وَوَقَفَهُ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بَعْضُهُمْ","vol":"14","page":448},{"text":"٢٠٧١١ - وَرَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى مَرْفُوعًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ يَحْيَى: قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ:  «يُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ حَدُّ الْمَمْلُوكِ»\n\n٢٠٧١٢ - وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ رِوَايَةَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ فِي النَّصِّ وَالرِّوَايَةِ الْمَرْفُوعَةِ فِي الْقِيَاسِ،\n\n٢٠٧١٣ - وَسُئِلَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ الْمَرْفُوعِ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا أَذْهَبُ، إِلَى حَدِيثِ بَرِيرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِشِرَائِهَا يَعْنِي أَنَّهَا بَقِيَتْ عَلَى الرِّقِّ حِينَ أَمَرَ بِشِرَائِهَا وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بِرِضَاهَا فِيمَا نَحْسِبُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":449},{"text":"٢٠٧١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ - وَثَبَّتَنِيهِ مَعْمَرٌ - يَذْكُرُ عَنْ نَبْهَانَ، مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَهَا، وَأَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْهُ:  «كَمْ بَقِيَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ كِتَابِكَ؟». . فَذَكَرَ شَيْئًا قَدْ سَمَّاهُ وَأَنَّهُ عِنْدَهُ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ أَخَاهَا أَوِ ابْنَ أَخِيهَا، وَأَلْقَتِ الْحِجَابَ وَاسْتَتَرَتْ مِنْهُ، وَقَالَتْ: «عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ»\n\n٢٠٧١٥ - وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ لِإِحْدَاكُنَّ مُكَاتَبٌ، وَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُؤَدِّي فَلْتَحْتَجِبْ مِنْهُ» ⦗٤٥٠⦘\n\n٢٠٧١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ نَبْهَانَ، مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ وَقَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَسَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ، وَسَمِعَهُ مَعْمَرٌ.\n\n٢٠٧١٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ سَمَاعَهُ مِنْ نَبْهَانَ، وَلَمْ أَرَ مَنْ رَضِيتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يُثْبِتُ وَاحِدًا مِنْ هَذَيْنِ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٢٠٧١٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَرَادَ هَذَا، وَحَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ. وَحَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مَوْصُولًا، وَحَدِيثُ نَبْهَانَ قَدْ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ مَعْمَرٌ سَمَاعَ الزُّهْرِيِّ مِنْ نَبْهَانَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ صَاحِبَيِ الصَّحِيحِ لَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ لِأَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَجِدَا ثِقَةً يَرْوِي عَنْهُ غَيْرَ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَهُوَ عِنْدَهُمَا لَا يَرْتَفِعُ عَنْهُ اسْمُ الْجَهَالَةِ بِرِوَايَةِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْهُ. أَوْ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ عِنْدَهُمَا مِنْ عَدَالَتِهِ وَمَعْرِفَتِهِ مَا يُوجِبُ قَبُولَ خَبَرِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٢٠٧١٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمْرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ إِنْ كَانَ أَمَرَهَا بِالْحِجَابِ مِنْ مُكَاتِبِهَا إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُؤَدِّي، عَلَى مَا عَظَّمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَرْحَمُهُنَّ اللَّهُ وَخَصَّهُنَّ بِهِ، وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُنَّ، وَبَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ إِنِ اتَّقَيْنَ. ثُمَّ تَلَا الْآيَاتِ فِي اخْتِصَاصِهِنَّ بِأَنْ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ الْحِجَابَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَهُنَّ أُمَّهَاتُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ سِوَاهُنَّ أَنْ تَحْتَجِبَ مِمَّنْ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ نِكَاحُهَا، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَمَعَ هَذَا إِنَّ احْتِجَابَ الْمَرْأَةِ مِمَّنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرَاهَا وَاسِعٌ لَهَا، وَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعْنِي سَوْدَةَ أَنْ تَحْتَجِبَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ قَضَى أَنَّهُ أَخُوهَا. وَذَلِكَ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلِاحْتِيَاطِ وَأَنَّ الِاحْتِجَابَ مِمَّنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرَاهَا مُبَاحٌ","vol":"14","page":449},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1419>تَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ [</span>النور: ٣٣]","vol":"14","page":451},{"text":"٢٠٧٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَ الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: كَاتَبَ عَبْدًا لَهُ بِخَمْسَةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، وَوَضَعَ عَنْهُ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: «مِنْ آخِرِ نُجُومِهِ»\n\n٢٠٧٢١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَهَذَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ عِنْدِي مِثْلُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤١]\n\n٢٠٧٢٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ\n\n٢٠٧٢٣ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي الْوَضْعِ عَنِ الْمُكَاتَبِ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ","vol":"14","page":451},{"text":"٢٠٧٢٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ [النور: ٣٣] قَالَ: «رُبْعُ الْكِتَابَةِ»\n\n٢٠٧٢٥ - هَذَا هُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ، مَوْقُوفٌ. وَرَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ مَرْفُوعًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ","vol":"14","page":451},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1420>مَوْتُ الْمُكَاتَبِ</span>","vol":"14","page":452},{"text":"٢٠٧٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ يَعْنِي عَطَاءً: الْمُكَاتَبُ يَمُوتُ وَلَهُ وَلَدٌ أَحْرَارٌ، وَيَدَعُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهِ؟ قَالَ: «يُقْضَى عَنْهُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهِ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ فَضْلٍ فَلِبَنِيهِ»، فَقُلْتُ: أَبَلَغَكَ هَذَا عَنْ أَحَدٍ؟ قَالَ: «زَعَمُوا أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ كَانَ يَقْضِي بِهِ»","vol":"14","page":452},{"text":"٢٠٧٢٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ: كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «يُقْضَى عَنْهُ مَا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ لِبَنِيهِ مَا بَقِيَ»\n\n٢٠٧٢٨ - وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: قَالَ: مَا أُرَاهُ لِبَنِيهِ\n\n٢٠٧٢٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ لِسَيِّدِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَبُقُولِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ نَقُولُ: وَهُوَ قَوْلُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ. فَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فَهُوَ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ يُعْتَقُ مِنْهُ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَدَّى. وَلَا أَدْرِي أَيَثْبُتُ عَنْهُ أَمْ لَا، وَإِنَّمَا نَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ زَيْدٍ فِيهِ\n\n٢٠٧٣٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَمَعَ قَوْلِ زَيْدٍ قَوْلُ عُمَرَ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ، وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَعَائِشَةَ","vol":"14","page":452},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1421>إِفْلَاسُ الْمُكَاتَبِ</span>","vol":"14","page":453},{"text":"٢٠٧٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَعْنِي لِعَطَاءٍ: أَفْلَسَ مُكَاتَبِي، وَتَرَكَ مَالًا، وَتَرَكَ دَيْنًا لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَمْ يَدَعْ وَفَاءً، أَنَبْدَأُ بِالْحَقِّ لِلنَّاسِ قَبْلَ كِتَابَتِي؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»\n\n٢٠٧٣٢ - وَقَالَهَا لِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ\n\n٢٠٧٣٣ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَمَا أَحَصَاهُمْ بِنَجْمٍ مِنْ نُجُومِهِ حَلَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَلَكَ عَمَلَهُ لِي بِبَيِّنَةٍ؟ قَالَ: «لَا»\n\n٢٠٧٣٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ، فَإِذَا مَاتَ الْمُكَاتَبُ، وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ بُدِئَ بِدُيُونِ النَّاسِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَاتَ رَقِيقًا، وَبَطُلَتِ الْكِتَابَةُ، وَلَا دَيْنَ لِلسَّيِّدِ عَلَيْهِ وَمَا بَقِيَ مَالٌ لِلسَّيِّدِ\n\n٢٠٧٣٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يُبْدَأُ بِالدَّيْنِ","vol":"14","page":453},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1422>الْمُكَاتَبُ بَيْنَ قَوْمٍ</span>","vol":"14","page":454},{"text":"٢٠٧٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: مُكَاتَبٌ بَيْنَ قَوْمٍ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُقَاطِعَ بَعْضَهُمْ؟ قَالَ: «لَا. إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مِثْلُ مَا قَاطَعَ عَلَيْهِ هَؤُلَاءِ»\n\n٢٠٧٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَبِهَذَا نَأْخُذُ فَلَا يَكُونُ لِأَحَدِ الشُّرَكَاءِ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنَ الْمُكَاتَبِ شَيْئًا دُونَ صَاحِبِهِ","vol":"14","page":454},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1423>وَلَدُ الْمُكَاتَبِ، وَالْمُكَاتَبَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":455},{"text":"٢٠٧٣٨ - رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ:  «وَلَدُهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ بَعْضِ الْمُكَاتَبِ»","vol":"14","page":455},{"text":"٢٠٧٣٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحِ، أَنَّهُ: سُئِلَ عَنْ بَيْعِ وَلَدِ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: «وَلَدُهَا مِنْهَا إِنْ عَتَقَتْ عَتَقَ، وَإِنْ رَقَّتْ رَقَّ»\n\n٢٠٧٤٠ - وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: «يُبَاعُ وَلَدُهَا لِلْعِتْقِ تَسْتَعِينُ بِهِ الْأُمُّ فِي مُكَاتَبَتِهَا»\n\n٢٠٧٤١ - وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ: فِي وَلَدِ الْمُكَاتَبِ بَعْدَ كِتَابَتِهِ قَالَ: «هُمْ فِي كِتَابَتِهِ»\n\n٢٠٧٤٢ - وَقَالَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ","vol":"14","page":455},{"text":"٢٠٧٤٣ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" إِذَا وُلِدَ لِلْمُكَاتَبِ مِنْ جَارِيَتِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ وَلَدَهُ فَإِذَا أُعْتِقَ عَتَقَ وَلَدُهُ مَعَهُ، وَإِذَا وَلَدَتِ الْمُكَاتَبَةُ فَوَلَدُهَا مَوْقُوفٌ، فَإِنْ أَدَّتْ فَعَتَقَتْ عَتَقَ، وَإِنْ مَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُؤَدِّيَ فَقَدْ مَاتَتْ رَقِيقًا وَوَلَدُهَا رَقِيقٌ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: مَا وَلَدَتِ الْمُكَاتَبَةُ فَهُمْ رَقِيقٌ. وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ \"\n\n٢٠٧٤٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ أَبْسَطَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ","vol":"14","page":455},{"text":"٢٠٧٤٥ - وَأَمَّا وَلَدُ الْمُكَاتَبِ وَمَالُهُ قَبْلَ الْكِتَابَةِ فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: رَجُلٌ كَاتَبَ عَبْدًا لَهُ وَقَاطَعَهُ فَكَتَمَهُ مَالًا لَهُ، وَعَبِيدًا، وَمَالًا غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «هُوَ السَّيِّدُ»،\n\n٢٠٧٤٦ - وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى","vol":"14","page":456},{"text":"٢٠٧٤٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: فَإِنْ كَانَ السَّيِّدُ قَدْ سَأَلَهُ مَالَهُ فَكَتَمَهُ؟ قَالَ: «هُوَ لِسَيِّدِهِ» قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: وَكَتَمَهُ وَلَدًا لَهُ مِنْ أَمَةٍ لَهُ أَوْ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ؟ قَالَ: «هُوَ لِسَيِّدِهِ»\n\n٢٠٧٤٨ - وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى\n\n٢٠٧٤٩ - قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ سَيِّدُهُ قَدْ عَلِمَ بِوَلَدِ الْعَبْدِ فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ السَّيِّدُ، وَلَا الْعَبْدُ عِنْدَ الْكِتَابَةِ؟ قَالَ: «فَلَيْسَ فِي كِتَابَتِهِ، هُوَ مَالُ سَيِّدِهِ»\n\n٢٠٧٥٠ - وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ\n\n٢٠٧٥١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ فِي وَلَدِ الْعَبْدِ الْمُكَاتَبِ سَوَاءٌ عَلِمَهُ السَّيِّدُ أَوْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْهُ هُوَ مَالٌ لِلسَّيِّدِ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَالُهُ مَالُ السَّيِّدِ","vol":"14","page":456},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1424>تَعْجِيلُ الْكِتَابَةِ</span>","vol":"14","page":457},{"text":"٢٠٧٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّ مُكَاتَبًا لِأَنَسٍ جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَتَيْتُ بِمُكَاتَبَتِي إِلَى أَنَسٍ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ أَنَسًا يُرِيدُ الْمِيرَاثَ»، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَنَسًا أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: فَأَبَى، فَقَالَ: «آخُذُهَا فَأَضَعُهَا فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ»، فَقَبِلَهَا أَنَسٌ","vol":"14","page":457},{"text":"٢٠٧٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّهُ: «رَوَى شَبِيهًا، بِهَذَا عَنْ بَعْضِ الْوُلَاةِ، فَكَأَنَّهُ أَعْجَبَهُ»","vol":"14","page":457},{"text":"٢٠٧٥٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَاتَبَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، فَأَتَيْتُ بِكِتَابَتِهِ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا مِنِّي إِلَّا نُجُومًا، فَأَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ. فَقَالَ: «أَرَادَ أَنَسٌ الْمِيرَاثَ»، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَنَسٍ: «أَنِ اقْبَلْهَا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ. فَقَبِلَهَا» أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَحْرٍ الْقَرَاطِيسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ مَنْجُوفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ،\n\n٢٠٧٥٥ - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي، غَيْرِ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ الزِّيَادَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ\n\n٢٠٧٥٦ - وَرُوِّينَا فِي قِصَّةِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ حِينَ كَاتَبَ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَأَبَتْ مَالِكَتُهُ أَنْ تَقْبَلَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهَا حَتَّى تَأْخُذَهُ شَهْرًا بِشَهْرٍ وَسَنَةً بِسَنَةٍ ⦗٤٥٨⦘ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: «ادْفَعْهُ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ». ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ: «هَذَا مَالُكِ، وَقَدْ عَتَقَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، فَإِنْ شِئْتِ فَخِذِي شَهْرًا بِشَهْرٍ وَسَنَةً بِسَنَةٍ». قَالَ: «فَأَرْسَلَتْ فَأَخَذَتْهُ»\n\n٢٠٧٥٧ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، أَنَّهُ: فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ\n\n٢٠٧٥٨ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ: \" كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: عَجِّلْ لِي مِنْهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا فَمَا بَقِيَ فَلَكَ \"\n\n٢٠٧٥٩ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ: لَمْ يَرَ بِهِ بَأْسًا\n\n٢٠٧٦٠ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ الْعُرُوضَ»","vol":"14","page":457},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1425>مَا جَاءَ فِي بَيْعِ رَقَبَةِ الْمُكَاتَبِ بِرِضَاهُ</span>","vol":"14","page":459},{"text":"٢٠٧٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْنِي بَرِيرَةُ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ فَأَعِينِينِي. فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ: إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَدْتُهَا وَيَكُونُ وَلَاؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ، فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا، فَقَالَتْ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهَا، فَجَاءَتْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَهْلِهَا، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي عَرَضْتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لَهُمْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ. فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خُذِيهَا، وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ»، فَفَعَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ. ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي النَّاسِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، مَا كَانَ شَرْطٌ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ، قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ، وَشَرْطُهُ أَوْثَقُ، وَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ»، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ\n\n٢٠٧٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: إِذَا رَضِيَ أَهْلُهَا بِالْبَيْعِ وَرَضِيَتِ الْمُكَاتَبَةُ بِالْبَيْعِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ تَرْكٌ لِلْكِتَابَةِ","vol":"14","page":459},{"text":"٢٠٧٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ، جَاءَتْ تَسْتَعِينُ عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَتْ ⦗٤٦٠⦘ عَائِشَةُ: إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَصُبَّ لَهُمْ ثَمَنَكِ صَبَّةً وَاحِدَةً، وَأُعْتِقَكِ فَعَلْتُ. فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لِأَهْلِهَا، فَقَالُوا: لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لَنَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَزَعَمَتْ عَمْرَةُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «لَا يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ، اشْتَرِيهَا، وَأَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ\n\n٢٠٧٦٤ - وَأَرْسَلَهُ مَالِكٌ فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ. وَأَسْنَدَهُ عَنْهُ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَسْنَدَهُ أَيْضًا الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، وَأَرْسَلَهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُكَاتَبِ، وَكِتَابِ الْبَحِيرَةِ، وَالسَّائِبَةِ، وَأَرْسَلَهُ أَيْضًا فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَهُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، وَكَأَنَّهُ شَكَّ فِيهِ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، فَكَتَبَ إِسْنَادَهُ وَتَرَكَهُ فَلَمْ يَسُقْ مَتْنَهُ فِي أَكْثَرِ النُّسَخِ،\n\n٢٠٧٦٥ - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ مَالِكٍ مَوْصُولًا","vol":"14","page":459},{"text":"٢٠٧٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْأُرْمَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَشْتَرِيَ بَرِيرَةَ فَأَعْتِقَهَا فَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيَّ مَوَالِيهَا أَنْ أَعْتِقَهَا، وَيَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لَهُمْ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «اشْتَرِيهَا، وَأَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ»، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ:  «مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَمَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ، وَإِنِ اشْتَرَطَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ»","vol":"14","page":460},{"text":"٢٠٧٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدِيثُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَثْبَتُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ. وَأَحْسِبُهُ غَلَطَ فِي قَوْلِهِ:  «وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ». وَأَحْسِبُ حَدِيثَ عَمْرَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ شَرَطَتْ لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهِيَ تَرَى ذَلِكَ يَجُوزُ، فَأَعْلَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهَا إِنْ أَعْتَقَتْهَا فَالْوَلَاءُ لَهَا، وَقَالَ: «لَا يَمْنَعُكِ عَنْهَا مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ شَرْطِكِ» وَلَا أَرَى أَمْرَهَا يَشْتَرِطُ لَهُمْ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ\n\n٢٠٧٦٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدِيثُ عَمْرَةَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ سِوَى سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ مَوْصُولًا مِنْهُمْ: يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ وَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ","vol":"14","page":461},{"text":"٢٠٧٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً فَتُعْتِقَهَا فَقَالَ أَهْلُهَا: نَبِيعُكِهَا عَلَى أَنَّ وَلَاءَهَا لَنَا. فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ مَالِكٍ","vol":"14","page":461},{"text":"٢٠٧٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَحْسِبُ حَدِيثَ نَافِعٍ أَثْبَتَهَا كُلَّهَا لِأَنَّهُ مُسْنَدٌ وَأَنَّهُ أَشْبَهُ، فَكَأَنَّ عَائِشَةَ فِي حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ شَرَطَتْ لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ فَأَعْلَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهَا إِنْ أَعْتَقَتْهَا فَالْوَلَاءُ لَهَا ⦗٤٦٢⦘ فَكَانَ هَكَذَا، فَلَيْسَ أَنَّهَا شَرَطَتْ لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَعَلَّ هِشَامًا أَوْ عُرْوَةُ حِينَ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ»، رَأَى أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ فَلَمْ يَقِفْ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ عَلَى مَا وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ\n\n٢٠٧٧١ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَلِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمَعْنَاهُ شَوَاهِدُ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ","vol":"14","page":461},{"text":"٢٠٧٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: فَقَالَ لِي بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: فَمَا مَعْنَى إِبْطَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَرْطَ عَائِشَةَ لِأَهْلِ بَرِيرَةَ؟ قُلْتُ: إِنَّا بَيَّنَّا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ نَفْسِهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ قَضَى أَنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ، وَقَالَ: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ، وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥]، كَمَا نَسَبَهُمْ إِلَى آبَائِهِمْ، فَكَمَا لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُحَوَّلُوا عَنْ آبَائِهِمْ فَكَذَلِكَ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُحَوَّلُوا عَنْ مَوَالِيهِمْ، وَمَوَالِيهُمُ الَّذِينَ وَلُوا أَمَانَتَهُمْ. قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷾: ﴿وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧]، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ» فَنَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ، وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ، وَلَا يُوهَبُ»، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ هَذَا كَانَ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ خِلَافَ مَا قَضَى اللَّهُ، وَرَسُولُهُ عَاصِيًا وَكَانَتْ فِي الْمَعَاصِي حُدُودٌ، وَآدَابٌ، وَكَانَ هَذَا مِنْ أَيْسَرِ الْأَدَبِ","vol":"14","page":462},{"text":"٢٠٧٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّازِيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «اشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ» مَعْنَاهُ: اشْتَرِطِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْوَلَاءَ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَعَزَّ: ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ﴾ [الرعد: ٢٥]، يَعْنِي عَلَيْهِمُ اللَّعْنَةُ","vol":"14","page":462},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1426>مَا جُنِيَ عَلَى الْمُكَاتَبِ</span>","vol":"14","page":463},{"text":"٢٠٧٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: \" إِذَا أُصِيبَ الْمُكَاتَبُ، لَهُ قَوْدُهُ، هَكَذَا فِي نُسْخَةِ السَّمَاعِ، وَفِي سَائِرِ النُّسَخِ: لَهُ نَذْرُهُ \"، وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ مَالِهِ يُحْرِزُهُ كَمَا يُحْرِزُ مَالَهُ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ\n\n٢٠٧٧٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَمَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ الْجِنَايَةُ عَلَيْهِ مَالٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ لَا يَكُونُ لِسَيِّدِهِ أَخْذُهَا بِحَالٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَمُوتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ","vol":"14","page":463},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1427>مِيرَاثُ الْمُكَاتَبِ وَوَلَاؤُهُ</span>","vol":"14","page":464},{"text":"٢٠٧٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْنَا لِابْنِ طَاوُسٍ: كَيْفَ كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَقُولُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُكَاتِبُ الرَّجُلَ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ فَتَرِثُ ابْنَتُهُ ذَلِكَ الْمُكَاتَبَ فَيُؤَدِّي كِتَابَتَهُ، ثُمَّ يُعْتَقُ، ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ يَقُولُ: \" وَلَاؤُهُ لَهَا، وَيَقُولُ مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنْ يُخَالِفَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ. وَتَعَجَّبَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: لَيْسَ لَهَا وَلَاؤُهُ \"","vol":"14","page":464},{"text":"٢٠٧٧٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: رَجُلٌ تُوُفِّيَ، وَتَرَكَ ابْنَيْنِ لَهُ، وَتَرَكَ مُكَاتَبًا فَصَارَ الْمُكَاتَبُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا، ثُمَّ قَضَى كِتَابَتَهُ الَّذِي صَارَ لَهُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْمُكَاتَبُ، مَنْ يَرِثُهُ؟ قَالَ: «يَرِثَانِهِ جَمِيعًا»، وَقَالَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ،\n\n٢٠٧٧٨ - وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: «رَجَعَ وَلَاؤُهُ إِلَى الَّذِي كَاتَبَهُ فَرَدَدْتُهَا عَلَيْهِ»، فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ\n\n٢٠٧٧٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: \" وَبِقَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ نَقُولُ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ يُكَاتِبُهُ الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ السَّيِّدُ ثُمَّ يُؤَدِّي الْمُكَاتَبُ فَيُعْتَقُ بِالْكِتَابَةِ: إِنَّ وَلَاءَهُ لِلَّذِي عَقَدَ كِتَابَتَهُ. وَلَا يَقُولُ عَطَاءٌ فِي قِسْمَةِ الْمُكَاتَبِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ الْقَسَمَ بَيْعٌ، وَبَيْعُ الْمُكَاتَبِ لَا يَجُوزُ \" وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ","vol":"14","page":464},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1428>عَجْزُ الْمُكَاتَبِ</span>","vol":"14","page":465},{"text":"٢٠٧٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أَنَّ نَافِعًا، أَخْبَرَ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَاتَبَ غُلَامًا لَهُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَجَزْتُ. فَقَالَ: «ادْنُ أَمْحُ كِتَابَتَكَ» فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَجَزْتُ فَامْحُها أَنْتَ. قَالَ نَافِعٌ: فَأَشَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ: امْحُهَا، وَهُوَ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ فَمَحَاهَا الْعَبْدُ وَلَهُ ابْنَانِ أَوِ ابْنٌ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: «اعْتَزِلْ جَارِيَتِي» قَالَ: فَأَعْتَقَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ابْنَهُ بَعْدُ","vol":"14","page":465},{"text":"٢٠٧٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ بْنِ غَرْقَدَةَ قَالَ:  «شَهِدْتُ شُرَيْحًا رَدَّ مُكَاتَبًا عَجَزَ فِي الرِّقِّ»","vol":"14","page":465},{"text":"٢٠٧٨٢ - وَفِيمَا أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّقَفِيُّ، وَابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ:  «رَدَّ مُكَاتَبًا لَهُ عَجَزَ فِي الرِّقِّ»","vol":"14","page":465},{"text":"٢٠٧٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «يُسْتَسْعَى الْمُكَاتَبُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَعْجَزَ بِسَنَتَيْنِ»\n\n٢٠٧٨٤ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: زَادَ فِيهِ سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَإِنْ أَدَّى، وَإِلَّا رُدَّ فِي الرِّقِّ ⦗٤٦٦⦘\n\n٢٠٧٨٥ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: «إِذَا تَتَابَعَ عَلَى الْمُكَاتَبِ نَجْمَانِ فَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ نُجُومَهُ رُدَّ فِي الرِّقِّ»\n\n٢٠٧٨٦ - وَقَالَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى: فَدَخَلَ فِي السَّنَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ أَوْ قَالَ: الثَّالِثَةِ.\n\n٢٠٧٨٧ - وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا، إِنَّمَا نَقُولُ: إِذَا عَجَزَ فَهُوَ رَقِيقٌ، وَإِنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ: لَا يَعْجَزُ الْمُكَاتَبُ حَتَّى يُدْخِلَ نَجْمًا فِي نَجْمٍ. وَلَيْسُوا يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُفْتِينَ\n\n٢٠٧٨٨ - أَوْرَدَهُ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ. وَرِوَايَاتُ خِلَاسٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ، وَالرِّوَايَةُ الْأُخْرَى عَنْهُ ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":465},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1429>بَابُ عِتْقِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ</span>\n٢٠٧٨٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إِذَا وَطِئَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَتَهُ بِالْمِلْكِ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ فَهِيَ مَمْلُوكَةٌ بِحَالِهَا لَا تَرِثُ، وَلَا تُوَرَّثُ\n\n٢٠٧٩٠ - وَسَاقَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ لِسَيِّدِهَا بَيْعُهَا، وَلَا إِخْرَاجُهَا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ مِلْكِهِ غَيْرِ الْعِتْقِ، وَإِنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ إِذَا مَاتَ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ،\n\n٢٠٧٩١ - ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَهُوَ تَقْلِيدٌ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁","vol":"14","page":467},{"text":"٢٠٧٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، ﵁ قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا وَلِيدَةٍ وَلَدَتْ مِنْ سَيِّدِهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَبِيعُهَا، وَلَا يَهَبُهَا، وَلَا يُوَرِّثُهَا، وَهُوَ يُسْتَمْتِعُ مِنْهَا، فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ»\n\n٢٠٧٩٣ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ،\n\n٢٠٧٩٤ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ وَغَلَطَ فِيهِ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، فَرَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ لَا تَحِلُّ رِوَايَتُهُ","vol":"14","page":467},{"text":"٢٠٧٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ ⦗٤٦٨⦘ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «اسْشَارَنِي عُمَرُ، فِي بَيْعِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ فَرَأَيْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ أَنَّهَا عَتِيقَةٌ، فَقَضَى بِهَا عُمَرُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ، وَعُثْمَانُ بَعْدَهُ، فَلَمَّا وُلِّيتُ رَأَيْتُ أَنَّهَا رَقِيقٌ»","vol":"14","page":467},{"text":"٢٠٧٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «اجْتَمَعَ رَأْيِي، وَرَأْيُ عُمَرَ عَلَى عِتْقِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ، ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ بَعْدُ أَنْ أَرِقَّهُنَّ فِي كَذَا وَكَذَا» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: رَأْيُكَ، وَرَأْيُ عُمَرَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ رَأْيِكَ وَحْدَكَ فِي الْفِتْنَةِ\n\n٢٠٧٩٧ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مِنْ رَأْيِكَ وَحْدَكَ فِي الْفُرْقَةِ\n\n٢٠٧٩٨ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ، أَعْتَقَ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ، وَقَالَ: أَعْتَقَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَإِنَّهُ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادَةَ الْإِفْرِيقِيُّ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَالْإِفْرِيقِيُّ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ","vol":"14","page":468},{"text":"٢٠٧٩٩ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ:  «أَيُّمَا أَمَةٍ وَلَدَتْ مِنْ سَيِّدِهَا فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ» فَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ شَرِيكٌ، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٤٦٩⦘،\n\n٢٠٨٠٠ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ،\n\n٢٠٨٠١ - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ، عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِأُمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حِينَ وَلَدَتْ: «أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا»،\n\n٢٠٨٠٢ - وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ أَرْسَلَهُ،\n\n٢٠٨٠٣ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ","vol":"14","page":468},{"text":"٢٠٨٠٤ - وَقَدْ رَوَى سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ سَقْطًا»\n\n٢٠٨٠٥ - وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ،\n\n٢٠٨٠٦ - وَرَوَاهُ خُصَيْفٌ الْجَزَرِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَعَادَ الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى قَوْلِ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ الْأَصْلُ فِي ذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٠٨٠٧ - وَرُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا، أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ فِيمَا تَرَكَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ، وَامْرَأَةٌ حُرَّةٌ، فَوَقَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ، وَبَيْنَ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ بَعْضُ الشَّيْءِ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهَا الْحُرَّةُ: لَتُبَاعَنَّ رَقَبَتُكِ يَا لُكَعُ، فَرَفَعَ ذَلِكَ خَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «لَا تُبَاعُ»، وَأَمَرَ بِهَا فَأُعْتِقَتْ\n\n٢٠٨٠٨ - وَهَذَا مِمَّا يَنْفَرِدُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ رِشْدِينُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَهُمَا غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِمَا","vol":"14","page":469},{"text":"٢٠٨٠٩ - وَأَحْسَنُ شَيْءٍ رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا ⦗٤٧٠⦘ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ خَطَّابِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، مَوْلَى الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَنْ سَلَامَةَ بِنْتِ مَعْقِلٍ، امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ خَارِجَةِ قَيْسِ عَيْلَانَ قَالَتْ: قَدِمَ بِي عَمِّي فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَبَاعَنِي مِنَ الْحُبَابِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو أَخِي أَبِي الْيَسَرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَوَلَدْتُ لَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْحُبَابِ، ثُمَّ هَلَكَ، فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ: الْآنَ وَاللَّهِ تُبَاعِينَ فِي دَيْنِهِ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ خَارِجَةِ قَيْسِ عَيْلَانَ، قَدِمَ بِي عَمِّي الْمَدِينَةَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَبَاعَنِي مِنْهُ الْحُبَابُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَخِي أَبِي الْيَسَرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَوَلَدْتُ لَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْحُبَابِ، فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ: الْآنَ وَاللَّهِ تُبَاعِينَ فِي دَيْنِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ وَلِيُّ الْحُبَابِ؟»، قِيلَ: أَخُوهُ أَبُو الْيَسَرِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: «أَعْتِقُوهَا، فَإِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِرَقِيقٍ قَدِمَ عَلَيَّ فَأْتُونِي أُعَوِّضْكُمْ مِنْهَا». قَالَتْ: فَأَعْتَقُونِي، وَقَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَقِيقٌ فَعَوَّضَهُمْ مِنِّي غُلَامًا\n\n٢٠٨١٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عُمَرُ ﵁ بَلَغَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ حَكَمَ بِعِتْقِهِنَّ بِمَوْتِ سَادَاتِهِنَّ نَصًّا، فَاجْتَمَعَ هُوَ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ بَيْعِهِنَّ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هُوَ، وَغَيْرُهُ اسْتَدَلُّوا بِبَعْضِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ، وَمَا لَمْ نَذْكُرْهُ مِمَّا يَدُلُّ عَلَى عِتْقِهِنَّ، فَاجْتَمَعَ هُوَ وَغَيْرُهُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ بَيْعِهِنَّ، فَالْأَوْلَى بِنَا مُتَابَعَتُهُمْ فِيمَا اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ وُقُوعِ الِاخْتِلَافِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":469},{"text":"٢٠٨١١ - وَأَمَّا مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ⦗٤٧١⦘، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: «كُنَّا نَبِيعُ سَرَارِينَا أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَيٌّ فِينَا لَا نَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا»\n\n٢٠٨١٢ - فَيُحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، لَمْ يَشْعُرْ بِذَلِكَ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ النَّهْيِ أَوْ قَبْلَ مَا اسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ عُمَرُ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَلَى عِتْقِهِنَّ، وَمَنْ فَعَلَهُنَّ مِنْهُمْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ ذَلِكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":470},{"text":"٢٠٨١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ: قَالَ فِي أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ: «تُعْتَقُ مِنْ نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا»\n\n٢٠٨١٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَلَسْنَا، وَلَا إِيَّاهُمْ نَقُولُ بِهَذَا، نَقُولُ بِحَدِيثِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ أَعْتَقَ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ إِذَا مَاتَ سَادَتُهُنَّ وَنَقُولُ جَمِيعًا تُعْتَقُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ\n\n٢٠٨١٥ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي أَوْلَادِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ سَيِّدِهَا أَنَّهُمْ بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا عَبِيدًا مَا عَاشَ سَيِّدُهَا، فَإِنْ مَاتَ فَهُمْ أَحْرَارٌ\n\n٢٠٨١٦ - وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّهُ: رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ أَمَةً فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ، ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا، فَرَفَعَهُمْ إِلَى عَبِيدَةَ، فَقَالَ عَبِيدَةُ: «إِنَّمَا تُعْتَقُ أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا وَلَدَتْهُمْ أَحْرَارًا فَإِذَا وَلَدَتْهُمْ مَمْلُوكِينَ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تُعْتَقُ» وَهَكَذَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَالَ: لِأَنَّ الرِّقَّ قَدْ جَرَى عَلَى وَلَدِهَا لِغَيْرِهِ","vol":"14","page":471},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1430>أَحَادِيثُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا فِي الْكِتَابِ</span>","vol":"14","page":472},{"text":"٢٠٨١٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُسْطَنْطِينَ قَالَ: «قَرَأْتُ عَلَى شِبْلٍ»، وَأَخْبَرَ شِبْلٌ، أَنَّهُ: «قَرَأَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ»، وَأَخْبَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَنَّهُ: «قَرَأَ عَلَى مُجَاهِدٍ»، وَأَخْبَرَ مُجَاهِدٌ، أَنَّهُ: «قَرَأَ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ»، وَأَخْبَرَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ: «قَرَأَ عَلَى أُبَيٍّ، وَقَرَأَ أُبَيٌّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ»\n\n٢٠٨١٨ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَرَأْتُ عَلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ قُسْطَنْطِينَ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: «الْقُرْآنُ اسْمٌ وَلَيْسَ بِمَهْمُوزٍ، وَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ مِنْ» قَرَأْتُ «، وَلَوْ أُخِذَ مِنْ» قَرَأْتُ \" كَانَ كُلَّمَا قُرِئَ قُرْآنًا، وَلَكِنَّهُ اسْمٌ لِلْقُرْآنِ مِثْلُ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَالْإِنْجِيلِ، يَهْمِزُ قَرَأْتُ، وَلَا يَهْمِزُ الْقُرْآنَ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: إِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ بِهَمْزِ «قَرَأْتَ»، وَلَا تَهْمِزِ الْقُرْآنَ \"","vol":"14","page":472},{"text":"٢٠٨١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْمُصْحَفِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ بَصَرُهُ، وَهُوَ يَبْكِي، فَقُلْتُ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا أَبَا عَبَّاسٍ جَعَلَنِي اللَّهُ فِدَاءَكَ؟ فَقَالَ لِي: «هَلْ تَعْرِفُ أَيْلَةَ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: وَمَا أَيْلَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: \" قَرْيَةٌ كَانَ بِهَا نَاسٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، فَحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحِيتَانَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ، فَكَانَتْ حِيتَانُهُمْ تَأْتِيهِمْ يَوْمَ سَبْتِهِمْ شُرَّعًا بَيْضَاءَ سِمَانًا كَأَمْثَالِ الْمَخْضِ، بِأَفْنَائِهِمْ، وَأَبْنِيَاتِهِمْ، فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي غَيْرِ يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ لَمْ يَجِدُوهَا وَلَمْ يُدْرِكُوهَا إِلَّا فِي مَشَقَّةٍ وَمُؤْنَةٍ شَدِيدَةٍ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ، أَوْ مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ: لَعَلَّنَا لَوْ أَخَذْنَاهَا يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ فَأَكَلْنَاهَا فِي غَيْرِ يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ؟ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ مِنْهُمْ، فَأَخَذُوا فَشَوَوْا، فَوَجَدَ جِيرَانُهُمْ رِيحَ الشِّوَاءِ، فَقَالُوا: وَاللَّهِ مَا نَرَى أَصَابَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ شَيْءٌ، فَأَخَذَهَا آخَرُونَ، حَتَّى فَشَا ذَلِكَ فِيهِمْ أَوْ كَثُرَ، فَافْتَرَقُوا فِرَقًا ثَلَاثَةً: فِرْقَةٌ أَكَلَتْ، وَفِرْقَةٌ نَهَتْ، وَفِرْقَةٌ قَالَتْ: لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا اللَّهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا؟ فَقَالَتِ الْفِرْقَةُ الَّتِي نَهَتْ: نُحَذِّرُكُمْ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ، وَعِقَابَهُ فَيُصِيبَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِخَسْفٍ أَوْ قَذْفٍ أَوْ بَعْضِ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ، وَاللَّهِ لَا نُبَايِتُكُمْ فِي مَكَانٍ، وَأَنْتُمْ فِيهِ \" قَالَ: \" فَخَرَجُوا مِنَ السُّورِ فَغَدَوْا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْغَدِ، فَضَرَبُوا بَابَ السُّورِ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، فَأَتَوْا بِسُلَّمٍ فَأَسْنَدُوهُ إِلَى السُّورِ، ثُمَّ رَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ رَاقٍ عَلَى السُّورِ، فَقَالَ: يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ قِرَدَةٌ، وَاللَّهِ لَهَا أَذْنَابٌ تَعَاوَى. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. ثُمَّ نَزَلَ مِنَ السُّوَرِ فَفَتَحَ السُّورَ، فَدَخَلَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَعَرَفَتِ الْقُرُودُ أَنْسَابَهَا مِنَ الْإِنْسِ، وَلَمْ تَعْرِفِ الْإِنْسُ أَنْسَابَهَا مِنَ الْقُرُودِ \" قَالَ: \" فَيَأْتِي الْقِرْدُ إِلَى نَسِيبِهِ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ فَيَحْتَكُّ بِهِ، وَيَلْصُقُ، وَيَقُولُ الْإِنْسَانُ: أَنْتَ فُلَانٌ؟ فَيُشِيرُ بِرَأْسِهِ: أَيْ نَعَمْ، وَيَبْكِي. وَتَأْتِي الْقِرْدَةُ إِلَى نَسِيبِهَا، وَقَرِيبِهَا مِنَ الْإِنْسِ فَيَقُولُ لَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ: أَنْتِ فُلَانَةُ فَتُشِيرُ بِرَأْسِهَا أَيْ نَعَمْ، وَتَبْكِي. فَيَقُولُ لَهُمُ الْإِنْسُ: إِنَّا حَذَّرْنَاكُمْ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ، وَعِقَابَهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمْ بِخَسْفٍ أَوْ مُسِخٍ أَوْ بِبَعْضِ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ \" ⦗٤٧٤⦘ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: \" فَأَسْمَعُ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ﴿أَنْجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ السُّوءِ وَأَخَذْنَا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا بِعَذَابٍ بَئِيسٍ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٦٥]، فَلَا أَدْرِي مَا فَعَلَتِ الْفِرْقَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ \". قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «فَكَمْ قَدْ رَأَيْنَا مِنْ مُنْكَرٍ لَمْ نَنْهَ عَنْهُ» قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: فَقُلْتُ: أَلَا تَرَى جَعَلَنِي اللَّهُ فِدَاءَكَ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَنْكَرُوا، وَكَرِهُوا حِينَ قَالُوا: لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا اللَّهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا؟ فَأَعْجَبَهُ قُولِي ذَلِكَ، وَأَمَرَ لِي بِبُرْدَيْنِ غَلِيظَيْنِ فَكَسَانِيهُمَا","vol":"14","page":473},{"text":"٢٠٨٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: \" لَمْ يَزَلْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَسْأَلُ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ حَتَّى أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ ﴿فِيمَ أَنْتَ مِنْ ذِكْرَاهَا﴾ [النازعات: ٤٣] فَانْتَهَى \"","vol":"14","page":474},{"text":"٢٠٨٢١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَأَسَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: إِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِنَّهُمْ لَيَعْلَمُونَ الْآنَ أَنَّ الَّذِيَ كُنْتُ أَقُولُ لَهُمْ حَقٌّ فِي الدُّنْيَا لَحَقٌّ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿فَإِنَّكَ لَا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَى، وَلَا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ﴾ [الروم: ٥٢]\n⦗٤٧٥⦘ \"\n\n٢٠٨٢٢ - قُلْتُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَحْيَاهُمُ اللَّهُ يَعْنِي الْمَقْتُولِينَ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ حَتَّى سَمِعُوا قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ»","vol":"14","page":474},{"text":"٢٠٨٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي الْمَخْرَجِ عَلَى كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ.\n\n٢٠٨٢٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَفَرٍ وَامْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ لَهَا فَضَجِرَتْ، فَلَعَنَتْهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خَلُّوا عَنْهَا، وَأَعْرُوهَا فَإِنَّهَا مَلْعُونَةٌ». قَالَ: فَكَانَ لَا يُؤْوِيهَا أَحَدٌ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ","vol":"14","page":475},{"text":"٢٠٨٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ ابْنُ أَبِي نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الدِّينُورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ، وَأَنَا سَأَلْتُهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيَّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، فَذَكَرَ الْبُخْلَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَانَ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ»","vol":"14","page":475},{"text":"٢٠٨٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ أَبِي نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمَّتِيَ عَائِشَةَ، تَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «مَنْ أُعْطِيَ حَظَّهُ مِنَ الرِّفْقِ أُعْطِيَ حَظَّهُ مِنْ خَيْرِ الدُّنْيَا، وَالْآخِرَةِ، وَمَنْ حُرِمَ حَظَّهُ مِنَ الرِّفْقِ حُرِمَ حَظَّهُ مِنْ خَيْرِ الدُّنْيَا، وَالْآخِرَةِ»","vol":"14","page":476},{"text":"٢٠٨٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عِيسَى بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْعُقَيْلِيُّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ الْوَبْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ﵀: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْجُنْدِيُّ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ:  «لَا يَزْدَادُ الْأَمْرُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً، وَلَا النَّاسُ إِلَّا شُحًّا، وَلَا الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا إِدْبَارًا، وَلَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ إِلَّا عَلَى شِرَارِ النَّاسِ، وَلَا مَهْدِيَّ إِلَّا عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ» ⦗٤٧٧⦘\n\n٢٠٨٢٨ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ صَامِتُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ السَّكَنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُنْدِيِّ، فَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، وَقَدْ حَدَّثَ بِهِ مَرَّةً، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا. وَهَذَا الْمَتْنُ بِأَبَانَ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، أَشْبَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":476},{"text":"٢٠٨٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ\n\n٢٠٨٣٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الزَّنْجِيُّ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، دَخَلَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَهُوَ يَمُوتُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ:  «يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ ارْفُقْ بِصَاحِبِنَا أَفْجَعْتَ بِالْأَحِبَّةِ» قَالَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ عَلَى لِسَانِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنِّي بِكُلِّ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ رَفِيقٌ\n\n٢٠٨٣١ - قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: وَهَذَا لَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ\n\n٢٠٨٣٢ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: الْمَعْرُوفُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدِيثُ الْقَضَاءِ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ وَهْمًا مِنْ أَبِي نَصْرٍ أَوْ سُلَيْمَانَ فَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَلَا أَرَاهُ إِلَّا وَهْمًا، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":477},{"text":"٢٠٨٣٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ حَرْمَلَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ السَّعِيدِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أُمِّ خَالِدٍ بِنْتِ خَالِدٍ قَالَتْ: قَدِمْتُ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ وَأَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةٌ، فَكَسَانِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَمِيصَةً لَهَا أَعْلَامٌ، فَكَانَ يَمْسَحُ الْأَعْلَامَ بِيَدِهِ وَيَقُولُ: «سناه سناه» بِالْحَبَشِيَّةَ: يَعْنِي: حَسَنٌ ⦗٤٧٨⦘\n\n٢٠٨٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ: فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْسَحُ الْأَعْلَامَ بِيَدِهِ، وَقَالَ: «سناه سناه» يَعْنِي: حَسَنٌ حَسَنٌ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ","vol":"14","page":477},{"text":"٢٠٨٣٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ أَنَّهُ: سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَرْحَمْ صَغِيرَنَا، وَيَعْرِفْ حَقَّ كَبِيرِنَا»\n\n٢٠٨٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ وَزَادَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: كَانُوا بَنُو عَامِرٍ ثَلَاثَةً بِمَكَّةَ، فَحَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ: وَسَمِعْتُ أَنَا مِنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ","vol":"14","page":478},{"text":"٢٠٨٣٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمٌ الْأَحْوَلُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «حَالَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ فِي دَارِنَا» ⦗٤٧٩⦘\n\n٢٠٨٣٨ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَسَّرَتْهُ الْعُلَمَاءُ: آخَى بَيْنَهُمْ","vol":"14","page":478},{"text":"٢٠٨٣٩ - وَهَذَا فِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ: «حَالَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ فِي دَارِنَا» فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَلَيْسَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ؟»، فَقَالَ: «حَالَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَالْأَنْصَارِ فِي دَارِنَا مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا»\n\n٢٠٨٤٠ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ: «لَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ»: لَا يُعْطَى بِهِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ مَا كَانَ يُعْطَى بِهِ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ. وَذَلِكَ حِينَ نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٦] فَنَسَخَ التَّوَارُثَ بِالْحِلْفِ وَالْمُعَاقَدَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ","vol":"14","page":479},{"text":"٢٠٨٤١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَتْ:  «أَعَنْ مِيرَاثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَسْأَلُ؟ مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفْرَاءَ، وَلَا بَيْضَاءَ، وَلَا بَعِيرًا، وَلَا عَبْدًا، وَلَا وَلِيدَةً، وَلَا ذَهَبًا، وَلَا فِضَّةً»\n\n٢٠٨٤٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْفَرَّاءُ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مِسْعَرٌ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ: صَفْرَاءَ، وَلَا بَيْضَاءَ","vol":"14","page":479},{"text":"٢٠٨٤٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ فِي لِحْيَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَعَرَاتٌ بِيضٌ لَوْ شَاءَ الْعَادُّ لَعَدَّهَا»","vol":"14","page":480},{"text":"٢٠٨٤٤ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ سُمَيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَانَ إِذَا عَطَسَ خَمَّرَ وَجْهَهُ، وَأَخْفَى عَطْسَتَهُ»\n\n٢٠٨٤٥ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الْحَذَّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَجْلَانَ: فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «خَمَّرَ وَجْهَهُ وَغَضَّ أَوْ خَفَضَ صَوْتَهُ»","vol":"14","page":480},{"text":"٢٠٨٤٦ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبٍ، عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ: الْكِبْرِيَاءُ رِدَائِي، وَالْعِزَّةُ إِزَارِي فَمَنْ نَازَعَنِي وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا أَلْقَيْتُهُ فِي النَّارِ \" ⦗٤٨١⦘\n\n٢٠٨٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ سُهَيْلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَالْعَظَمَةُ إِزَارِي»","vol":"14","page":480},{"text":"٢٠٨٤٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ أَصْبَرَ عَلَى أَذًى سَمِعَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ، يَدْعُونَ لَهُ نِدًّا، ثُمَّ هُوَ يَرْزُقُهُمْ، وَيُعَافِيهِمْ». قَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَوْ فَقِيلَ لَهُ مِمَّنْ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِيهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَيْبَانَ الْعَطَّارُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الدَّقَّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْجَشَّاشُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ. . . فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ","vol":"14","page":481},{"text":"٢٠٨٤٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُفَّاظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى: قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «لَا أَحَدَ أَصْبَرُ عَلَى أَذًى سَمِعَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿، يُشْرَكُ بِهِ وَيُجْعَلُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ ثُمَّ هُوَ يُعَافِيهِمْ وَيَرْزُقُهُمْ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ","vol":"14","page":481},{"text":"٢٠٨٥٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو فَرْوَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ، عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «حَلَالٌ بَيِّنٌ، وَحَرَامٌ بَيِّنٌ وَشُبُهَاتٌ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ»","vol":"14","page":482},{"text":"٢٠٨٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ الْهَمَدَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ حَدِيثًا لَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا قَبْلَهُ يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ وَلَا أَرَانِي أَسْمَعُ أَحَدًا يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «حَلَالٌ بَيِّنٌ، وَحَرَامٌ بَيِّنٌ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ مُشْتَبِهَاتٌ، فَمَنْ تَرَكَ الشُّبُهَاتِ كَانَ لِمَا اسْتَبَانَ لَهُ أَتْرَكَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ","vol":"14","page":482},{"text":"٢٠٨٥٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَزْنِي الزَّانِي حِينَ يَزْنِي، وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَلَا يَسْرِقُ حِينَ يَسْرِقُ، وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلَا يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ حِينَ يَشْرَبُهَا، وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلَا يَنْتَهِبُ نُهْبَةً حِينَ يَنْتَهِبُهَا، وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ» ⦗٤٨٣⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْفَقِيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ","vol":"14","page":482},{"text":"٢٠٨٥٣ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْتَوْنَ مَا آتَوْا، وَقُلُوبُهُمْ وَجِلَةٌ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٦٠]، أَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَسْرِقُونَ، وَيَزْنُونَ، وَيَشْرَبُونَ الْخَمْرَ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا يَا بِنْتَ الصِّدِّيقِ، هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَصُومُونَ، وَيُصَلُّونَ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ»\n\n٢٠٨٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَذَكَرَهُ بِلُغَةِ الْوَحْدَانِ، وَزَادَ: «وَهُوَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ يَخَافُ اللَّهَ ﷿»","vol":"14","page":483},{"text":"٢٠٨٥٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِحُذَيْفَةَ: إِنَّ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ يُبَلِّغُ الْأُمَرَاءَ الْحَدِيثَ، عَنِ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ:  «لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ قَتَّاتٌ» ⦗٤٨٤⦘\n\n٢٠٨٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْمَدَائِنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ دُونَ الْقِصَّةِ","vol":"14","page":483},{"text":"٢٠٨٥٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:  «الرُّؤْيَا الْحَسَنَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحِ جُزْءٌ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ جَزْءًا مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ» أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَخْتَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ\n\n٢٠٨٥٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ","vol":"14","page":484},{"text":"٢٠٨٥٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:  «إِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُكُمْ رُؤْيَا يَكْرَهُهَا فَلْيُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَلَا يُخْبِرْ بِهَا أَحَدًا»","vol":"14","page":485},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: \" فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ لَا تَكَادُ رُؤْيَا الْمُؤْمِنِ تَكْذِبُ، وَأَصْدَقُهُمْ رُؤْيَا أَصْدَقُهُمْ حَدِيثًا، وَالرُّؤْيَا ثَلَاثَةٌ: الرُّؤْيَا الْحَسَنَةُ بُشْرَى مِنَ اللَّهِ، وَالرُّؤْيَا يُحَدِّثُ بِهَا الرَّجُلُ نَفْسَهُ، وَالرُّؤْيَا تَحْزِينٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ. فَإِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُكُمْ رُؤْيَا يَكْرَهُهَا، فَلَا يُحَدِّثْ بِهَا أَحَدًا وَلْيَقُمْ فَلْيُصَلِّ \"\n\n٢٠٨٦١ - قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: يُعْجِبُنِي الْقَيْدُ، وَأَكْرَهُ الْغُلَّ، الْقَيْدُ ثَبَاتٌ فِي الدِّينِ قَالَ: وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «رُؤْيَا الْمُؤْمِنِ جُزْءٌ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ، وَأَرْبَعِينَ جُزْءًا مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ","vol":"14","page":485},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٢ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ قَتَادَةَ، يَسْأَلُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ: هَلِ اتَّخَذَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَاتَمًا؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَرِيقِهِ فِي يَدِهِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ قَمْرَاءَ»","vol":"14","page":485},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُقْرِئُ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ الْحَمَّامِيِّ، بِبَغْدَادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ⦗٤٨٦⦘: أَتَّخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، خَاتَمًا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَخَّرَ لَيْلَةً صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ إِلَى قَرِيبًا مِنْ شَطْرِ اللَّيْلِ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ صَلَّوْا، وَنَامُوا، وَلَنْ تَزَالُوا فِي صَلَاةٍ مَا انْتَظَرْتُمُوهَا»\n\n٢٠٨٦٤ - قَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ: فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى وَبِيصِ خَاتَمِهِ ﷺ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ","vol":"14","page":485},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٥ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ لِعَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً تَلْبَسُ النَّعْلَيْنِ، فَقَالَتْ:  «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ رَجُلَةَ النِّسَاءِ»","vol":"14","page":486},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ لُوَيْنٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِعَائِشَةَ: إِنَّ امْرَأَةً تَلْبَسُ النِّعَالَ فَقَالَتْ: «لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، الرَّجُلَةَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ»","vol":"14","page":486},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٧ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَخْبَرَنِي رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالُوا: كُنَّا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَانْقَضَّ كَوْكَبٌ، فَتَذَاكَرْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَا كُنْتُمْ تَقُولُونَ فِي هَذَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟» قَالَ: كُنَّا نَقُولُ: يَمُوتُ اللَّيْلَةَ عَظِيمٌ أَوْ يُولَدُ عَظِيمٌ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، وَلَكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ يَسْتَرِقُونَ السَّمْعَ فَيَرْمُونَ» ⦗٤٨٧⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، وَجَمَاعَةٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ","vol":"14","page":486},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٨ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِذَا نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْيُ حَرَّكَ بِهِ لِسَانَهُ»، وَوَصَفَ سُفْيَانُ ذَلِكَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَحْفَظَهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ﴾ [القيامة: ١٦] أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ مُوسَى","vol":"14","page":487},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٩ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ أَبْغَضَ الرِّجَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ الْأَلَدُّ الْخَصِمُ» ⦗٤٨٨⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ، وَأَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجِ فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ","vol":"14","page":487},{"text":"٢٠٨٧٠ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: «لَمَّا دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، النَّاسَ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ»، وَجَدْنَا رَجُلًا مِنَّا يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْجِدُّ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، مُخْتَبِئًا تَحْتَ إِبِطِ بَعِيرِهِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّهُ: سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ","vol":"14","page":488},{"text":"٢٠٨٧١ - قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: \" إِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لِأَخِيهِ: جَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا فَقَدْ أَبْلَغَ فِي الثَّنَاءِ \"\n\n٢٠٨٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَدْلُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ الرَّبَذِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَالَ لِأَخِيهِ»","vol":"14","page":488},{"text":"٢٠٨٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ إِمْلَاءً، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَهْبُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رِزْقٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ نِزَارٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، ﵁ قَالَ: \" إِنَّمَا مَثَلُنَا وَمَثَلُ الْأَنْصَارِ مَا قَالَهُ الْغَنَوِيُّ لِبَنِي جَعْفَرٍ:\n[البحر الطويل]\n\nجَزَى اللَّهُ عَنَّا جَعْفَرًا حِينَ أُزْلِفَتْ ... بِنَا نَعْلُنَا فِي الْوَاطِئِينَ فَزَلَّتِ\nأَبَوْا أَنْ يَمَلُّونَا، وَلَوْ أَنَّ أُمَّنَا ... تُلَاقِي الَّذِي يَلْقَوْنَ مِنَّا لَمَلَّتِ\"\nزَادَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، ﵀:\n\nهُمُ خَلَطُونَا بِالنُّفُوسِ وَأُلْجِئُوا ... إِلَى حُجُرَاتٍ أَدْفَأَتْ، وَأَظَلَّتِ","vol":"14","page":489},{"text":"٢٠٨٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ الْأَعْوَرِ، أَنَّهُ: أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ، كَانَ يَقُولُ:  «مَا بِتُّ مِنْ لَيْلَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَأَصْبَحْتُ لَمْ يَرْمِنِي النَّاسُ فِيهَا بِدَاهِيَةٍ إِلَّا أَنَّ عَلَيَّ تَمَّ اللَّهُ نِعْمَةًَ»","vol":"14","page":489},{"text":"٢٠٨٧٥ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الثَّقَفِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ذَكَرُوا أَبْنَاءَهُمْ فَقَالُوا: أَبْنَاؤُنَا خَيْرٌ مِنَّا، وُلِدُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَلَمْ يُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ سَاعَةً قَطُّ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ⦗٤٩٠⦘ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَبْعَثَنِي إِلَّا فِي خَيْرِ أُمَّتِي نَحْنُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَبْنَائِنَا، وَأَبْنَاؤُهُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ، وَأَبْنَاءُ أَبْنَائِنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ»","vol":"14","page":489},{"text":"٢٠٨٧٦ - قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ: أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ح قَالَ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، وَأَبُو حُمَيْدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: أَيُّ حِينٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ الْعَتَمَةَ إِمَامًا أَوْ خِلْوًا؟ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: أَعْتَمَ، رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ بِالْعَتَمَةِ حَتَّى رَقَدَ النَّاسُ، وَاسْتَيْقَظُوا فَقَامَ عُمَرُ فَقَالَ: الصَّلَاةَ، الصَّلَاةَ. قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ الْآنَ يُغَطِّي رَأْسَهُ وَاضِعًا يَدَهُ عَلَى شِقِّ رَأْسِهِ»\n\n٢٠٨٧٧ - فَاسْتَثْبَتُّ عَطَاءً: كَيْفَ وَضَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ؟ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيَّ كَمَا أُشَافِهُكَ، فَبَدَّدَ عَطَاءٌ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ شَيْئًا مِنْ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ وَضَعَهَا فَانْتَهَى أَطْرَافُ أَصَابِعِهِ إِلَى مُقَدَّمِ الرَّأْسِ، ثُمَّ ضَمَّهَا يُمِرُّهَا كَذَلِكَ عَلَى الرَّأْسِ حَتَّى مَسَّتْ إِبْهَامَاهُ أَطْرَافَ الْأُذُنِ مِمَّا يَلِي الْوَجْهَ، ثُمَّ عَلَى الصِّدْغِ، وَنَاحِيَةِ الْجَبِينِ لَا يَقْصُرُ، وَلَا يَبْطِشُ إِلَّا كَذَلِكَ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ حَدِيثَ سُفْيَانَ ﵀","vol":"14","page":490},{"text":"٢٠٨٧٨ - وَفِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: أَنَّ أَبَا عَوَانَةَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ: حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ وَرَّادٍ كَاتِبِ الْمُغِيرَةِ يَقُولُ: كَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ: اكْتُبْ إِلَيَّ بِمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: فِي دُبُرِ صَلَاتِهِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَانَ يَقُولُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ، وَلَا يَنْفَعُ ذَا الْجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ\n\n٢٠٨٧٩ - وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَمَضَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عِيَاضٍ الْقَارِيِّ قَالَ: جَاءَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهَا جُلُوسٌ لَيَالِي قَتْلِ عَلِيٍّ ﵁، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، هَلْ أَنْتَ صَادِقِي عَمَّا أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ؟ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ أَهْلِ حَرُورَاءَ، وَخُرُوجَهُمْ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ، ﵁، وَدُخُولَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵁ عَلَيْهِمْ وَرُجُوعَ بَعْضِهِمْ وَقَتْلَهُمْ، وَقَتْلَ ذِي الثُّدَيَّةِ ⦗٤٩٢⦘،\n\n٢٠٨٨٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْرَجْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ «الْمَنَاقِبِ»، وَقَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْوَزِيرِ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ مِسْعَرِ بْنِ كِدَامٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مَسْرُوقٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ شَجَرَةً أَنْذَرَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، بِالْجِنِّ","vol":"14","page":491}]}